As the Internet's influence grows, the potential for danger also escalates  . One of these dangers is from cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying   is repeatedly hurting someone else through the use of technology. It consists of sending or posting cruel messages, photos, or videos on the Internet or other electronic media with the intent of damaging the reputation of the target. Imagine being a 13-year-old girl discovering a cell phone picture of her changing clothes for gym class has been sent to all her classmates. Or imagine being an 11-year-old boy who is scared to go to school because an unknown bully sent him an instant message saying that he is so fat that he should kill himself. Cases such as these are happening every day, leading kids to be depressed and unable to concentrate.
Worse yet, parents are oblivious   to what is happening. Only 15 percent of parents even know what cyber-bullying is. And anyone who thinks that their child is not a victim or a bully is probably wrong. 90 percent of middle school students have had their feelings hurt online and 75 percent have admitted to visiting a website attacking another student.
Unlike traditional schoolyard bullying, where a bully has a name and a face, cyber-bullying gets much of its power from anonymity  . A cyber bully might design a website posting cruel remarks about a classmate and never tell anyone that he or she was the creator. The cyber-bullying also gets its power from the scope   of its audience. Within seconds, a cyber bully can send an e-mail to everyone he or she knows, inviting them to take part in an online poll   of who is the ugliest kid in their class. Victims can be picked on day and night from any place.
The good news is that you can help stop cyber-bullying. By making parents and educators aware of what is going on and encouraging them to take quick and strong action when cyber-bullying cases happen, you can help make technology constructive, not destructive, for young people.

Question: What does the author think of the cyber-bullying?

Choices:
- It is not as harmful as people think.
- It is too complex a problem to settle.
- It will not affect the relationship between classmates.
- It can be stopped through our efforts.

Question: What will probably be discussed in the following passage?

Choices:
- How to prevent cyber-bullying.
- What parents and educators think of cyber-bullying.
- How to make parents aware of cyber-bullying.
- How to make good use of technology.


More than two thirds of the world's polar bears will be wiped out by 2050,according to a shocking new study. By then,scientists say,global warming will have melted 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice. By 2100,only a very few of these important creatures will be left.
The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists have publicized their findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne,who has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.
Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals,which are their main food. Without enough ice,polar bears would be forced to go onto the land,where they are poorly skilled hunters,and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant.
The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears,on the ground,from spotter planes and in the lab,using computer models.
Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer had been forecasting. Satellite observations have showed that the ice has decreased to an all-time low.
However,not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy "sportsmen" who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips.

Question: What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage?

Choices:
- He is an animal scientist.
- He is a protector of animals working for the US government.
- He was asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.
- He offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list.

Question: Why will polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice?

Choices:
- Because polar bears can't catch enough food without ice.
- Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty.
- Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice.
- Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice.

Question: After a six-month study,some scientists fear that   _  .

Choices:
- there is something wrong with their computers
- polar bears will disappear even faster than they ever expected
- their computer models are not as accurate as they expected
- global warming will destroy everything in the Arctic


Matt grow the best vegetables in the village.He grows fruit too--big , sweet apples and oranges.And what else ? Well , the biggest and the prettiest flowers.Things grow in Matt' s garden all through the year.He cuts some flowers for his sitting room table ; and of course , he eats some fruit and vegetables.But he sells everything else in the market.Matt is not a poor man.
He knows a few other gardens ; but he does not have any friends.You might ask , " What is that ? Why doesn ' t he have friends ? "
I will tell you.People do not understand him.And they do not understand his garden, " Why not ? " you will ask." It' s a very good garden , isn' t  it ? "
It is a wonderful garden.Matt plants things in spring , summer and autumn and winter .After that he does very little work.He sits in the garden with his small radio .And everything grows .
People ask , " How does Matt grow these wonderful things ? He waters the plants sometimes , but he doesn' t do anything else .He just sits under an orange tree  with his radio .He listens to music nearly all day ! " And that is all quite true , people cannot understand it , and so they don' t like it very much .
Matt likes music .But what about the garden ? Who does the work ? I will tell you another true thing : the music does the work .All plants love music ; and Matt knows that .
Do you want big vegetables and the loveliest flowers ? Well , just give your plants a  lot of  music ,

Question: There are not only vegetables and flowers , but also    _    in Matt' s garden .

Choices:
- plants
- fruit trees
- ants
- crops

Question: Matt makes a living by    _   .

Choices:
- selling his vegetables , fruit and flowers
- growing trees in his garden
- working in the market
- helping other people growing plants

Question: Everything in Matt' s garden grows well because    _

Choices:
- he has a good garden
- he is good at growing things and likes listening to the radio
- music helps his plants a lot
- he is very hardworking

Question: People think that    _    .

Choices:
- Matt' s garden is better than theirs
- Matt works harder than they
- Matt knows how to grow vegetables well
- the radio helps Matt to grow veveything well in his garden

Question: People don' t like Matt because    _   .

Choices:
- he doesn' t give thim any vegetables or fruit
- he listens to the radio too much
- they are jealous  of him
- Matt doesn' t let them listen to his radio


What is it: Work & Travel USA
     Who are qualified: Fulltime college students, above 18 years old
     About the program: Application for the 2009 Work & Travel USA program has just started. It's an 8~16 weeks' summer program for college students to work and travel in the U.S.. Employers include Boeing, Hilton Hotel and 7Eleven. For next summer, about 3,500 positions are open to Chinese students. Applicants must pass a language test and sometimes an interview, and pay a registration fee to join the program.
      (source : www. Cultureexchange. org)
      _
     What is it: Shanghai Volkswagen jobs
     Who are qualified: College students graduating in 2009
    About it: Shanghai VW offers over 300 positions from engineering to marketing to college students graduating in 2009. Applicants should have an excellent academic record, CET6 or the same level language certificate in German, and good computer skills.  Campus talks will take place in Shanghai, Changchun, Harbin, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanjing, Beijing and Xi'an from October.
     (source: campus chinahr. com/2009/pages/csvw)
      _
     What is it: Oak Pacific Interactive (OPI) internships
     Who are qualified: College juniors and firstyear postgraduate students
     About it: OPI is now offering internship positions for test engineer, development engineer and assistant to the director of corporate culture. For engineering positions, candidates should major in computer science or a related field, have communication ability and be familiar with various development languages. For assistant to the director positions, candidates should be adept in document writing, activities organizing and office software.
     (source: campus. xiaonei. com)

Question: These advertisements are most probably advertisements   _  .

Choices:
- on the Internet intended for the general public to read
- in a newspaper intended for large companies to read
- on the Internet intended for college students to read
- in a newspaper intended for college students to read

Question: The opportunity of   _   is offered only to college students graduating in 2009.

Choices:
- working in America
- traveling in America
- positions in VW
- OPI internship

Question: If you want to apply for assistant to the director positions you must   _  .

Choices:
- be good at document writing
- study computer science
- have communication ability
- be familiar with various languages


In the dark and damp market,Chen ShuChu,near her sixties,owns a stall that her father left her.The stall,called YuanJin Vegetables,is her everything.Chen earns only a little money by selling vegetables,but she has donated about $321,550 to help poor children.
In March,Forbes magazine named her one of the 48 great philanthropists from the AsiaPacific region.A month later,TIME magazine selected the year's top 100 influential people and Chen was one of them.Although she has received many honours and rewards,Chen only cares about her vegetable stall and whether her regular customers buy her vegetables or not."I do not place great importance on money.When I donate to help others,I feel happy and I can sleep well at night." Chen said.
Chen's ability to donate such a great deal of money has led many to ask,"How can a vegetable seller donate so much?"
"Spend only on what you need,and you'll be able to save a lot of money!" Chen said.Chen leads a very simple life.All she needs is food and a place to sleep.Everything else is a luxury .Neither does she have any desire for material gains nor any form of enjoyment.Work,she says,is her enjoyment."I love my work.If I don't how would I be able to work 16 hours a day?"Being the first to arrive and last to leave,she has been given the title of "market manager."
She is content with what she has.She feels that as long as she lives the life she wishes for and does the things she wants,that is good enough.

Question: In Chen's eyes,a luxury is about  _  .

Choices:
- any form of enjoyment
- doing what she wants
- gaining material benefits
- everything except food and a bed

Question: Why has Chen been called "market manager"?

Choices:
- Because she has received many honours and rewards.
- Because she often arrives early and leaves late in the market.
- Because she has donated much money to the market.
- Because her vegetable stall is the biggest one in the market.

Question: From the text,we can learn that Chen is  _  .

Choices:
- confident and kindhearted
- wealthy and simple
- hardworking and selfless
- proud and serious

Question: Which of the following is NOT true about Chen?

Choices:
- Her vegetable stall is called YuanJin Vegetables.
- She is a famous philanthropist in China.
- She cares about what clothes she wears very much.
- Many people are surprised by Chen's donation.


The story of Juno and Lucas is one of the most touching stories about the amazing relationship between humans and their companion animals.
Juno is a Belgian Malinois . The dog was beautiful but was given up by its owners, as they did not want to take on the responsibility.
Lucas, a little boy, had a strange illness, a condition that stops the body's ability to process enzymes .As his life continues, he will lose the ability to speak and his physical and mental abilities will degrade till he is left in a vegetative state. The average life expectancy for the patients is 15 years.
Chester, the boy's father, wanted his child to enjoy his life on earth as much as possible and looked into getting a service dog for the child. However, Lucas wasn't a good candidate due to his deteriorating abilities, not to mention the $15,000 cost of the animal.
Not terrified by all of this, Chester looked into adopting a dog for his son. He found Juno on a website and drove two hours to meet her. Chester had worked with the breed  in the police force and was familiar with how to train them. He put in patience and hard work, and trained Juno while allowing her to become accustomed to Lucas. Now, not only will Juno not leave Lucas' side, she is also helping with his illness. Chester said, "She has the ability to notice his neurological changes. Now she reminds us when Lucas is about to have a seizure  or if his oxygen levels drop really low. She has saved him several times."
Companion animals are beautiful things and they establish a bond that can't be described without experiences. I know that I held my adopted dog a little closer after hearing this story. There are a lot of dogs out there that need good homes and that won't be as lucky as Juno. So, if you think you're prepared, you should consider giving one a nice home.

Question: Chester wanted to find a service dog to   _  .

Choices:
- protect Lucas from being injured
- help the boy recover from the disease
- accompany Lucas to enjoy his time left
- show their love for the beautiful dog

Question: Chester got the dog Juno by   _  .

Choices:
- asking for help from the police force
- donating a lot of money
- picking it up near the house
- searching on the Internet

Question: Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Choices:
- The author has also adopted a dog and loves it.
- Juno has gained some skills accompanying Lucas.
- Chester was very satisfied with Juno's performances.
- Lucas recovered from the disease accompanied by Juno.

Question: Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

Choices:
- Unlucky boy, lucky dog
- A love for a dog, a companion for a boy
- A faithful friend--Juno
- Love me, love my dog


Men sometimes say: "We are better and cleverer than women. Women never invented things. We do." It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things: the alphabet, machines, rockets, and guns, too. But scientists and archeologists now agree that women invented one very important thing. It had changed the history. They invented agriculture.
    Before the invention of agriculture men were hunter. They went out every day. Sometimes they killed animals-sometimes animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous. Women had to go out every day, too. They collected roots, fruit and grass. Then, one day, more than 10,000years ago a woman dropped some grass seeds. She dropped them near her home in the Middle East. They grew--and the first wheat was born. The idea grew, too. Women planted roots and fruit trees. Then they could stay at home and look after the children and the animals. Women liked baby animals: dogs, cows, sheep and goats. That idea grew, too. Then their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They stayed at home. They built villages and cities. Men began civilization---after women invented agriculture.

Question: Sometimes men think that   _  .

Choices:
- they have rights as equal as women
- women have changed the history
- they have more abilities than history
- women are not so bright as they are

Question: Before agriculture was invented, life was difficult and dangerous because   _  .

Choices:
- sometimes animals killed men
- women had to go hunting with their husbands
- men had to fight against animals
- only men went out for food every day

Question: When the first wheat appeared, which of the following sentences show woman's ideas had grown?

Choices:
- They dropped some grass seeds.
- They didn't go out to get food any longer.
- They began to grow plants.
- They stayed at home and looked after their children and animals.

Question: How do you understand agriculture? It means   _  .

Choices:
- collecting roots, fruit and grasses
- growing plants and raising animals
- hunting and looking for food
- planting crops

Question: Which one do you believe according to the passage?

Choices:
- Women are better and cleverer than men.
- Women invented many useful things like men.
- Women played a very important part in agriculture.
- Women were great in civilization.


Beijing (Xinhua) -- In 2010, some 108,000 people returned to the Chinese mainland from abroad, a number that had risen 56.2 percent from the previous year, according to statistics recently published by the Ministry of Education.
       "For Chinese employers, a 70 percent willingness to hire overseas workers, although that is still lower than the average rate of 76 percent for Asia, is quite a high figure when compared with the past," said Emma, regional director of Hays in Hong Kong and the mainland, who was in charge of the survey .
       Company executives , she said, have recently come to prefer hiring Chinese natives who have returned home after studying or working elsewhere.Expatriates  have fallen to a second choice, she said.
       In the past, expatriates and returned Chinese have earned three to four times as much money as Chinese residents who do not have overseas experience.Expatriates would often rise to the senior positions within an company, while returned Chinese could find positions as mid-level executives with   ease.
       But all overseas job candidates, especially those who lack practical experience, are gradually losing their advantages among a trend of pay increases in China.
       In 2010, the country recorded the greatest rise in wages in Asia.Of all Chinese employees surveyed that year, 68 percent said they had received a raise worth 3 percent to 10 percent of their salaries, according to the survey.
       Moreover, 51 percent of the Chinese surveyed were expecting to get raises of 6 to 10 percent in 2011, and 33 percent thought their income increase will go beyond 10 percent.
       "Now it's common in many companies to see overseas candidates earning the same salaries as their Chinese coworkers," said Emma."Even some experienced expatriates, on average, earn only 20 percent more than their Chinese peers."
       Emma said overseas workers with little work experience no longer enjoy a great advantage over graduates of Chinese universities.But those with two to three years of work experience are still "red-hot".
       There are now about 45 million native Chinese living outside the country, the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council said on Jun 16, 2010.

Question: What is the best title of this article?

Choices:
- A fast increasing number of Chinese returned from abroad.
- Overseas workers have higher qualification than home coworkers.
- China recorded the greatest rise in wages in Asia in 2010.
- Company executives prefer native candidates to overseas Chinese.

Question: Why are overseas job candidates gradually losing their advantage?

Choices:
- Because more and more overseas candidates are returning home.
- Because their qualifications are decreasing little by little.
- Because the job markets don't need overseas workers any more.
- Because China is raising workers' salaries on a large scale.

Question: What can be inferred from this news report?

Choices:
- Employers without overseas experiences are gaining increasing equality.
- Overseas candidates have received better education and training.
- Chinese employers have a prejudice against native employees.
- Overseas candidates still have better chances to rise to executives.


I took the bus to work for many years. No one knew each other; the passengers all sat there sleepily in the morning. The bus was cheerless and silent.
One of the passengers was a small gray-haired man who took the bus to the center for senior citizens every morning. No one ever paid very much attention to him.
One July morning he said good morning to the driver and smiled. The driver nodded guardedly . The rest of us were silent.
The next day, the old man boarded with a big smile and said in a loud voice: "A very good morning to you all!" Some of us looked up, amazed, and murmured "Good Morning" in reply.
The following weeks, our friend was dressed in a nice old suit and tie. His thin hair had been carefully combed. He said good morning to us every day and we gradually began to nod and talk to each other.
One morning he even had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand. The driver turned around smiling and asked: "Have you got yourself a girlfriend, Charlie?" We never got to know if his name really was "Charlie", but he nodded shyly and said yes. The other passengers whistled and clapped at him. Charlie waved the flowers before he sat down on his seat.
Every morning after that Charlie always brought flowers. Some passengers also brought flowers for him. The bus became a happy place.
Then, one morning, as autumn was closing in, Charlie wasn't waiting at his usual stop. When he wasn't there the next day and the day after that, we started wondering if he was sick or--hopefully - on holiday somewhere.
When we came nearer to the center for senior citizens, one of the passengers asked the driver to wait. We all held our breaths when he went to the door.
The old gentle man was fine, but one of his close friends had died over the weekend. How silent we were the rest of the way to work.
The next Monday Charlie was waiting at the stop, stooping   a bit more, a little bit more gray, and without a tie. Inside the bus was silent. Even though no one had talked about it, all of us sat there silently, our eyes filled with tears and a bunch of wild flowers in our hands.

Question: From the passage, we can infer that  _

Choices:
- people always cared about each other on the bus
- people were unhappy and sleepy on the bus because they were tired
- smiles can shorten the distance between people
- people are not good at communicating in the country

Question: What are we sure about the old man?

Choices:
- His name was Charlie.
- He worked at the center for senior citizens.
- He got sick over the weekend.
- He was in great sorrow when we saw him the next Monday.

Question: Which of the following is not true?

Choices:
- The atmosphere on the bus was cheerful and lively at first.
- People were surprised at the old man's first greeting.
- People were worried about the old man's absence.
- People on the bus at last shared happiness and sorrow together.

Question: Which would be the best title for the passage?

Choices:
- How to Shorten the Distance between People
- Smiles Make a Bus Feel Like Home
- Charlie, A Smiling Gentle Man
- The Key to Friendship -- Communication


In Britain arrangements for inviting and entertaining guests at a wedding are usually the responsibility of the bride's family.In most cases it is mainly friends and relations of both families who are invited but when bride's father is a businessman of some kind, the  wedding reception may provide a useful occasion for establishing social connections with clients or customers and other people whose goodwill may be of advantage to him.it is, however, the bride's mother who has the job of sending out the formal printed invitation cards.
In the case of a church wedding, the vicar of each parish  in which the bride and bridegroom live is normally informed about a month in advance of the ceremony so that an announcement of the coming wedding can be made in church on each of three Sundays before it takes place.Anyone who may know of an existing marriage of either partner is ordered to give information, though this means of avoiding bigamy must have been more effective in the days when people attend the religious service and the bride usually wears the traditional long white dress and veil, while her bridesmaids, who are children, wear long dresses in attractive colors.This may also happen in the case of a civil wedding in a register office but is probably less usual.
The reception which follows may be held in a restaurant, a local hall or, when there are few guests, in the bride's own home.Refreshments are provided, a special iced wedding-cake is cut(usually to the accompaniment of speeches)and distributed to the guests, toasts are drunk and dancing may follow.At some point in the celebrations, the bride goes off to change into everyday clothes and then leaves the party with her husband to go on their honeymoon, the journey they will make together, often in romantic surrounding abroad.

Question: It is the bride's parents who normally have to  _  .

Choices:
- make all the arrangements for the wedding
- provide hospitality for the people attending
- decide who shall be invited
- pay all expenses involved

Question: What possible difference is suggested between a church and a civil wedding?

Choices:
- Civil weddings are less commonly followed by a reception.
- It is less usual for guests to attend the civil wedding formalities.
- Guests at civil weddings are less formally dressed.
- There could be less attention paid at the latter to convention and picturesque effect.

Question: The reception normally takes place in the bride's home if  _  .

Choices:
- this is a large one.
- there is enough room to entertain the people invited.
- the parents cannot afford to hire a hall.
- there is to be no party afterwards.

Question: The couple leave for their honeymoon  _  .

Choices:
- after the church or register office ceremony
- immediately after the cake has been cut and the speeches made
- at the end of the reception
- as soon as the bride is ready


What teaches you more about China: learning the language or making friends with Chinese people? Doing both would be perfect of course and maybe some people would say you cannot separate the two.
    I arrived in China in September 2010 and have been fortunate over the last year to teach English at a small university in Zhejiang province,about half an hour from Hangzhou.Despite starting with the best of aims to learn Chinese.in each term something seemed to prevent me.In the first term it was a bad cold and judging some public English speech contests,and then my father's death sent me home for a while.
    But if I miss Chinese lessons this year I will make friends with several of the Chinese teachers at the university who also teach English.It's been a wonderful thing to be welcomed into their lives, to be taken and trusted as a friend.We have dinner together every Fright night,do shopping together, and drink coffee for hours in the cafes at the weekend and talk about anything and everything.
It has reminded me that while language is important to understand people and cultures,opening your heart and mind is far more important.I've concluded that in spite of my lack of progress in speaking Chinese, the best foreign Chinese speaker will never understand anything about China if they can't open their heart to the people they live and work with.I,of course,have been lucky that my Chinese friends speak close to perfect English.
What has surprised me is that many foreign teachers don't make the effort to make friends with their Chinese  _ .Some do,of course,and I am by no means unique.I don't speak much Chinese yet but this never stops me appreciating the best of China:its people.

Question: In the author's spare time, he   _  .

Choices:
- usually learns to cook Chinese food
- spends long enjoying coffee alone
- develops fit deeper relationship with his Chinese friends
- tries his best to know as many local Chinese people as possible

Question: Which country may the author come from?

Choices:
- Russia.
- America.
- Japan
- Korea.

Question: Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

Choices:
- What teaches you most about China?
- How do you make friends in China?
- What do you do with the Chinese language?
- How do you appreciate the most in China?


Are you a creative person?
Are you looking for a challenging and unique work environment?
Picture yourself at CRIENGLISH.com
Positions open to native English Speakers Only
Video reporters/editors:
1. Video editing experience with an understanding of Final Cut Pro software.
2. Resourceful and creative when it comes to finding original stories.
3. A comfortable demeanor  in front of the camera.
4. Enjoy working with others in a team oriented environment.
News presenters:
1. Journalistic and radio experience, good news-writing skills.
2. Able to work the night and early morning shifts.
3. Team spirit and flexibility.
Biz News Reporter/Presenter:
1. Journalistic experience, particularly in the field of business news.
2. Good reading and presentation skills.
3. Able to work at irregular hours.
Copyeditors:
1. Journalistic experience and good news-writing skills.
2. A good command of the English language.
3. Able to work at irregular hours.
Music DJs:
1. Well versed  in music types like in pop, country, contemporary, etc, but not hard rock and heavy metal music.
2. Personal charm on the air.
3. Relevant experience.
For job possibilities, please email your CV, demos and preferably photograph to job@cri.com.cn. The CV should include such information as your citizenship, age, academic degree, working experience, contact numbers and, if you are already in China, type of visa. Thanks.

Question: What's the purpose of the passage?

Choices:
- To advertise a website.
- To attract some talents.
- To introduce a radio station.
- To introduce a company.

Question: To apply for the positions above, one must  _  .

Choices:
- work long hours
- have related working experience
- have team spirit
- live in English-speaking countries

Question: Which of the following positions require irregular work hours?

Choices:
- Video reporters&News presenters
- News presenters&Biz News Reporter
- Biz News Reporter&Copyeditors
- Copyeditors&Music DJs


Collections were the inspiration  for a project at Thomas Tallis School, which formed part of the Imagine Children's Literature Festival last autumn. Each child (aged 12-13) beatified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it. The boxes were spread within the Royal Festival Hall's Ballroom. Some were left empty to encourage
The subject chosen by Luren was an imaginative one. "It's a sort o f Cinderella   story," she told me, inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin, ha the story these become love letters, burned by a creel stepmother. Lauren's best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. "I'm in Charlotte's story too," says Lauren, "and I get run over." Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. "We've collected foreign coins for years - since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in." Lauren continues: "I fred a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die." Charlotte adds: "Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet."
Millie Murray, who is a tea-novel author, thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction .  "In the beginning I thought, 'Will the children be able to do it?'" she says. "But it's been fruitful. Some have their own collection, some have parents who do, and some have wlstten complete stories. It's made them think about something they wouldn't have otherwise, winch can only be a good thing."

Question: What were the children asked to do in the project?

Choices:
- To meet friends at Thomas Tallis School
- To write stories on the subject of collections.
- To encourage visitors to write their own stories.
- To have their friends for characters in the stories.

Question: From the stories by Lauren and Charlotte, we know that   _   .

Choices:
- Charlotte hurt herself when getting a coin
- both of them developed their imagination
- both of tram will die in each other's stories
- Latwen's cousin posted her some love letters

Question: Millie Murray thinks   _  .

Choices:
- collections could inspire writing creativity
- it was good for parents to have collections
- inspirations were very useful in writing stories
- setting collection subjects restricted inspirations


Kabul,Oct.28 (Xinhuanet)--- Unknown armed men in military uniform kidnapped  three staff of the United Nations in the Afghan capital city at broad daylight Thursday ,Afghan officials confirmed  .
"Three armed men in military uniform  _ a UN car in Baraki area ofprefix = st1 /Kabulcity early afternoon and took away three persons including two women with them, "Rohullah, a witness at the site told Xinhua.
The kidnappers also badly beat up the Afghan driver of the UN car, added Rohullah who is a lorry driver in the city. The area has been watched over by UN guards.
UN officials as well as Afghan confirmed the incident but refused to provide further information. The three kidnapped , according to some officials , who are from Britain, Ireland and Kosovo, were working for the UN-sponsored Joint Electoral Management Body (JEMB) overseeing the first presidential elections held on Oct.9 across Afghanistan and in Iran and Pakistan.
This is the first time that such an incident has taken place in the Afghan capital over the last three years
So far, no one has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping. However, remnants  of the former Taliban regime who failed to stop the great presidential elections have promised to continue holy war   until the US-led troops leave Afghanistan.

Question: When did this kidnapping take place?

Choices:
- At night
- In the daytime
- Early in the morning
- at dawn

Question: What does the underline word   _  probably mean ?

Choices:
- destroyed
- damaged
- stopped
- bombed

Question: What happened when the kidnapping took place?

Choices:
- A lorry driver was badly beaten up
- three men and two women were taken away
- No one else witnessed the sudden kidnapping
- Two women together with one man was kidnapped

Question: Which of the following description is not correct ?

Choices:
- The three kidnapped persons were in Afghan waiting for the coming election.
- No UN staff had been kidnapped before this kidnapping
- It is still uncertain who started this kidnapping, though there is some clue.
- The US-led troops are disliked by the remnants of the former Taliban regime.

Question: What is the best title of the news report ?

Choices:
- Successful Presidential Election in Afghan
- US-led Troops Acting in Afghan
- Holy War in Afghan
- 3 UN staff kidnapped in Kabul


As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.
Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.
Paralyzed   by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell  .
According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world's population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don't delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.
Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.
Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent  in a society that thinks of speedy action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.
Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is "designed" to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.

Question: Which behavior belongs to procrastination?

Choices:
- Never dream away the time.
- Always complete the tasks ahead of time.
- Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
- Always wait to work until the "good mood" or "good time".

Question: According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?

Choices:
- Procrastination makes people waste their time.
- Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.
- Speedy action is considered as a moral standard in the society.
- Procrastination is common among people.


Along a long path we came to a deep valley, on the far side of which the path led into some very thick bushes. Rather than push through up again and rejoin the path on the far side of the bushes
              As I climbed down into the valley a bird flew off h rock on which I had put my hand. On looking at the spot from which the bird had risen, I saw two eggs. They were the kind that I did not have in my collection, so I placed them carefully in my bag, wrapped in a little dry grass.
              As we went further down the valley the sides became steeper and not far from where I had entered. It came to drop of about twelve to fourteen feet. The water that rushed down all these small valleys in the rainy season had worn the rock as glass. As it was too deep to climb down, I handed my gun to one of the men and slid down it. My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down, one on each side of me. They quickly gave me the gun and asked me if I had heard the tiger. In fact, I had heard nothing; possibly because of the noise I made sliding down the rock. The men said they had heard a tiger growling somewhere nearby, but they did not know from which direction the noise had come.

Question: According to the text we know that   _

Choices:
- the writer decided to push through the thick bushes
- the writer decided to walk along the valley
- the writer wanted to stop climbing
- the writer tried to find two eggs

Question: When the writer found the eggs, he   _  .

Choices:
- wrapped them in dry grass and put them aside
- wrapped them in dry grass and took them with him
- tried to find the bird
- made the bird fly off

Question: At the end of the story, the writer knew that   _  .

Choices:
- a tiger had run away
- a tiger was close to them
- the men had seen a tiger
- a tiger had seen them

Question: Which of the following orders is RIGHT about what happened in their travel?

Choices:
- hear the sound of tiger-find eggs-push through the bushes-climb down into the valley
- climb down into the valley-push through the bushes-hear the sound of tiger-find eggs
- push through the bushes-climb down into the valley-find eggs-hear the sound of tiger
- find eggs-climb down into the valley-hear the sound of tiger-push through the bushes


Try imagining what the world will be like in the year 3000. Some serious thinkers are starting to imagine just that.
Bart: I don't know that present-day electronic chips are, but some sort of chips -- I'd guess maybe plastic. Our three-pound brain is definitely a wonder, perhaps the greatest wonder of natural biology. In this coming century, we'll be re-engineering the brain a piece at a time, first with implants  and finally engineering an complete replacement. There's no question that in the distant future we'll play the music of the mind on instruments different from the current ones. So, yes, chips are our destiny  .
Edward: In 3000 perhaps the biggest difference from today is that there will be no more men. Females can have female children, without any need for men. In about ten years, we'll find the cocktail that women can take to have female children. There'll be no need for men at all.
Greg: What is Heaven? Heaven's a place where you can create worlds at will, and the ideal Heaven is where you run the whole thing yourself. The current means of getting to Heaven involve various supernatural systems for which, at this point, there's no scientific evidence. So I think we can reduce Heaven to an engineering project which we're doing. The demand for Heaven is great--witness the desire of every human heart, from the people who built the ancient pyramids to modern society, to live beyond one's given time. Our plan is to change human consciousness from the brain to bits of information in a computer chip, or some other kind of computational medium, so that just by thinking we'll be able to create our own personal world. And I think the first stage of Heaven will be the feeling world, and beyond that I think we'd find a higher, more spiritual plane.

Question: According to Bart, the brain may be the greatest wonder in the future because   _  .

Choices:
- it may weigh as much as 3 pounds
- it may be driven by plastic chips
- it may be replaced by robots
- it may play the music of the mind

Question: What does Bart refer to by saying "chips are our destiny"?

Choices:
- Chips are our last choice in the future.
- Chips are on the way to controlling mind.
- Chips are the production of future technology.
- Chips are the implants in the distant future.

Question: In 3000, what about the population of the world?

Choices:
- It will be all made up of females.
- It will be larger than that of present.
- It will mainly consists of children.
- It will be reduced by a drink of cocktail.

Question: According to Greg, Heaven in the future is a place where   _  .

Choices:
- your scientific idea exists
- you have once traveled
- your own thought travels
- your material world is formed


New York City schoolchildren can't use cellphones at school because of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's ban on cellphones in schools. Many parents are opposed to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's ban on cellphones in schools by e-mail messages.
There was a 13-year-old student who was shot with a gun after school, unable to call his mother for help. There was a high school student robbed three times last year, twice in her school building. There was a girl who got a piece of glass placed in her eye during school and was saved from a possible cornea transplant   only because, having disobeyed the cellphone ban, she was able to call her mother and get an operation on time.
The ban has been on for years, but it set off a widespread parental outcry only in April, after some headmasters sent home letters reminding parents that cellphones are not allowed to be brought into school.
Mr Bloomberg has defended the ban, saying that cellphones are bad and often used to cheat or call in friends for fights. If something is important, he says, parents can call schools directly.
On the other hand, many of the e-mail messages from parents described the ban as "cruel and heartless", "absurdly  wrong-headed", "anti-parent", "ridiculous".
"We respect the fears that parents have," David Cantor, a spokesman for Schools Minister Joel I. Klein said, "but after all the fact is that having phones in schools always leads to more problems."

Question: A 13-year-old student was shot with a gun after school, unable to call his mother for help, because   _  .

Choices:
- his mother had no cellphone
- his mother wasn't at home
- he didn't take a cellphone with him
- he was too frightened to call

Question: According to what the spokesman said, the school might   _  .

Choices:
- call off the ban
- continue the ban
- thank the parents
- allow some students to use cellphones at school


One day while shopping in a small town in southern California,it was my misfortune to be approached by a clerk whose personality conflicted with mine. He seemed most unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase. I bought nothing,and marched angrily out of the store. My hostility  toward that clerk increased with each step.
On the outside,standing by the road,was a darkskinned young man in his early twenties. His expressive brown eyes met and held mine,and in the next instant a beautiful, dazzling  smile covered his face. I gave way immediately. The magnetic  power of that smile dissolved  all bitterness within me,and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding .
"Beautiful day,isn't it?"I remarked,in passing. Then,I turned back."I really owe you a debt of gratitude ,"I said softly.
His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer.A Mexican woman and two men were standing nearby.The woman stepped forward and volunteered, "Sir, but he doesn't speak English.Do you want me to tell him something?" In that moment I felt transformed .The young man's smile had made a big person of me.My friendliness and good will toward all mankind stood ten feet tall.
"Thank you?" The woman seemed slightly puzzled.
I gave her arm a friendly pat as I turned to leave."Just tell him that," I insisted."He'll understand.I am sure !"
Oh, what a smile can do! Although I have never seen that young man again, I shall never forget the lesson he taught me that morning.From that day on, I became smile-conscious, and I practice the art anywhere and everywhere, with everybody.

Question: Why did the author leave the store angrily?

Choices:
- The clerk treated him unkindly.
- He couldn't buy what he wanted.
- The clerk didn't speak English.
- The store's goods were too dear.

Question: The author asked the woman to say "Thank you!" to the young man because the young man  _  .

Choices:
- had helped the author before
- taught the author how to smile
- was a kind employee of the store
- taught the author a valuable lesson

Question: In the passage, the author seems to suggest that we should   _  .

Choices:
- be generous to strangers
- practice smiling every day
- smile at other people
- help people in trouble


"Wake up. Alicia is waiting for you outside," my mother called from the kitchen. My mother didn't like me going for this weekend to my friend's house in the mountains. "I trust you, but I don't trust the people out there," she said seriously. "I'm going to be fine," were my last words before closing the door of the Jeep. The vehicle went along the dusty road and my mother grew smaller in the distance.
The trip over the rough road was uncomfortable. It was scary to climb the steep hills surrounded by great pines. After a long trip we finally arrived at the house. From the moment I got there I knew I would forever love the house. It was decorated like an old country home. My room was small, yet set up nicely. That night I went to sleep early, not because I didn't want to continue my search, but because I was tired after the long trip.
In the morning, the singing of the birds woke me up. The light was just getting through the window. A strong smell of baking and fresh coffee came from the kitchen. I wandered around looking for a living soul, but the house was empty. I had the whole day to myself; my friend had gone hiking. I didn't want to go with her. The main reason for this trip was to spend some time alone to think about the events happening in my life.
After an icy shower, my energies were at their fullest. With basket in hand, I started my hunt. I did not mind walking alone; it was a wonderful feeling to be in contact with nature for the first time. The sound of the water running through the rocks gave me great peace. I never felt such independence in my soul before.

Question: How did the author find the trip to her friend's house?

Choices:
- Interesting and impressive.
- Interesting and comfortable.
- Easy and exciting.
- Rough but very exciting.

Question: The purpose of the trip for the author is to  _  .

Choices:
- enjoy the quiet and beautiful nature
- continue her search for special things
- give herself a chance to think alone
- go hiking in the mountains with her friend

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Choices:
- Her close friend.
- The peaceful life.
- A favorite trip.
- The distant village.


Science Fiction
The science fiction type of entertainment is considered by most to be fathered by Jules Verne (A Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea) and H. G. Wells (The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds). Sci-Fi, as it is commonly shortened, is a fictional story in which science and technology have a significant influence on the characters and plot. Many such works are guesswork about what the future holds and how scientific findings and technological advances will shape humankind.
Writing in the late 1800s, Jules Verne was remarkably successful in his 10 guesses about future technologies of air conditioning, automobiles, the Internet, television, and underwater, air, and space travel. Unbelievably, of all places from which to choose, Jules Verne guessed Tampa, Florida, USA as the launching site of the first project to the Moon, which was only 200 kilometers away from the actual 1969 location at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
One of the best-known science fiction books is Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. Published in 1949, it was not meant as a prediction, but as a warning: Orwell was describing what he saw as the outcome of the ideas, trends, and emerging technologies of his time. Many invented terms from this novel have become common in everyday use, such as "big brother" and "doublethink". Even the author's name has been made into an adjective--Orwellian--and has become a warning descriptor for situations where privacy is lost and the individual becomes sacrifice under a totalitarian  government. Nineteen Eighty-Four was translated into sixty-five languages within five years of its publication, setting a record that still stands.
What helps bring science fiction into being is usually a new discovery or innovation. The author creates an analysis of the potential influence and consequences and then wraps it in a pleasant story. For example, the beginning of space exploration was followed a few years later by the Star Trek television program and movie series. Advances in genetics  cause fantasies of the end of disease, horrors of eugenics , and thrillers where creatures disappearing long ago are brought back to life. The science fiction author's self-determined role is that of field glasses for humanity--searching the world of future possibilities upon the road which we are traveling.

Question: What can science fiction offer to people?

Choices:
- A forecast of how a new discovery could influence mankind.
- A thoughtful look at the present drawbacks of technology.
- An analysis of why a new technology could be used to harm human.
- A thoughtful look at the past and what brought us to this point in history.

Question: Which of the following best summarizes the description of Nineteen Eighty-Four?

Choices:
- A prediction of future technologies.
- A warning of cruel and unfair ruling.
- The consequence of scientific findings.
- An imaginary perfect world of freedom.

Question: From the passage we can learn that   _  .

Choices:
- Nineteen Eighty-Four adopted some popular terms
- H.G. Wells predicted the Internet in the late 1800s
- Cape Canaveral was mentioned in Jules Verne's fiction
- Star Trek movie series were based on space exploration

Question: According to the author, what is the role of science fiction in society?

Choices:
- A moral compass.
- A reference of technology.
- A record of science development.
- A consideration of possibilities.


Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors. That is because its visual processing abilities and fingers work together faster than any human brain. A video of the undefeated robot has been watched by more than 3 million viewers on YouTube since going online at the end of June.
Tokyo University engineering professor Masatoshi Ishikawa has a good-natured response to frustrated human losers who accuse him of essentially creating a robot that cheats. "It is not cheating. Every one millisecond the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow," explained Ishikawa.
At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics. Such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble  a ball.
In sports such as baseball and cricket, the misses outnumber(......)successes for even the most skilled athletes. That is not so in this award-winning school laboratory. For instance, an intelligent robot is the result of five years of research and a lot of trial and error. And the cost of just one finger on the robot is equal to that of a mini car.
The technology obviously has uses beyond fun and games. Corporations are eager to take advantage of the lab's technology for industrial and other practical uses. And there is talk of applying it to assist disabled people and improve human capabilities.

Question: What brings the robot so much attention on the YouTube?

Choices:
- It never loses in the game against humans.
- Its eyes and fingers can work at the same time.
- It can do anything whatever people tell it to do.
- It plays online games much better than any human.

Question: Ishikawa's explanation suggests that the robot  _  .

Choices:
- proves to be dishonest
- is lucky to win the game
- works slower sometimes
- responds faster than humans

Question: Which section of a website is the text probably taken from?

Choices:
- Sports and games.
- Human and society.
- Science and technology.
- Relaxation and entertainment.


Due to climate change, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking  ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.
In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast  during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.

Question: What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year?

Choices:
- It's freezing.
- It's hardening.
- It's melting.
- It's expanding.

Question: What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska?

Choices:
- Their young are dying.
- Their diet is changing.
- Their health is improving.
- Their families are growing.

Question: What do polar bears in Hudson Bay do during the summer?

Choices:
- They claim territory .
- They protect mates.
- They hunt animals.
- They stop feeding

Question: In which publication would you most likely find this passage?

Choices:
- Medical News
- Society Today
- Wildlife Journal
- Design Magazine


Silk production has a long and colourful history unknown to most people. Scientific discoveries have shown that silk production existed in China from around 2500 B.C., although it could be much older. For hundreds of years, China kept the secret of silk to itself as one for the most closely protected secrets in history. Anyone revealing the secret of silkworms or trying to take silkworm eggs out of ancient China was punished by death.
At one time silk was reserved only for the Chinese emperor. Gradually, others began wearing silk. In addition to being used for clothing, silk came to have industrial uses in ancient China, something that happened in the West only in modern times. Silk was used to make musical instruments, fishing lines, weapons, ropes and even paper. During the Han Dynasty silk became a form of money. Farmers paid taxes in both rice and silk. The prices of goods were calculated in lengths of silk just as they had once been calculated in gold. The importance of silk is even reflected in the Chinese language. For example, of the 5000 most common Chinese characters, around 500 have silk as their "key".
In spite of their secrecy, the Chinese eventually lost their monopoly on silk production. It reached Korea in around 200 B.C. when immigrants from China arrived there. Silk production came to India in 300 A.D.. It was not until 500 A.D. that silk production came to Europe when travellers _ silkworms in hollow tubes of bamboo. These were used to establish silk industry in Rome (modern-day Italy), although Chinese silk was still considered to be the best.
Silk was brought to Rome from China by means of the Silk Road. There were actually two Silk Roads, one over land and one on the sea. The land route in particular had a huge effect in history. All sorts of trade goods -- silver, gold, jade, porcelain -- passed along this road. Ideas travelled the Silk Road too. For example the religion of Buddhism was carried to China from India by traders on the Silk Road. The Silk Road created the first international culture, exposing many people to the ideas and treasures of both Western and Chinese cultures.

Question: How was China able to keep the secret of silk production?

Choices:
- It refused to sell its silk to other countries.
- Foreigners were not permitted to enter China.
- The silkworms needed were not able to survive outside China.
- Chinese passing on the secret to foreigners were seriously punished.

Question: Which of the following uses of silk is NOT mentioned in the passage?

Choices:
- A way of purchasing goods people sold.
- A material used for making different products.
- A method of paying money to the government.
- A valuable gift given to foreigners travelling in China.

Question: In what order did silk production spread throughout the world according to the passage?

Choices:
- Europe aIndia aKorea aChina.
- China aKorea aIndia aEurope.
- China aIndia aKorea aEurope.
- China aEurope aIndia aKorea.

Question: Which of the following is true about the Silk Road?

Choices:
- It allowed for economic and cultural exchanges between countries.
- It made China the most powerful country in the ancient world.
- It could only be completed by travellers with access to a boat.
- It was first developed for transferring religious ideas.


Teresa was born in Yugoslavia on August 27,1910. Her parents were Albanians  and member of the Roman Catholic Church. When she was seven years old, her father was murdered. She decided not to be filled with hate because of this tragedy . Instead, she would seek a life of love. This ambition led her to Ireland where she became a nun  at the age of eighteen.
After only one year of training, she was sent to India to teach in a school called Loretto House, where the students were mostly from rich Indian families. After 15 years there, she left her duties as a teacher to "follow Christ into the slums ." Her heart led her away from the rich to the needs of the poor. She was then 36 years old.
Teresa no longer was affiliated  with the Irish nuns who sent her to Loreto House but worked independently. However, her work was recognised by the Pope in Rome for she still was a nun. He allowed her to set up her own group, which was called the Missionaries of Charity .
She no longer dressed as a nun in the European or Irish tradition. Instead, she put on a sari, the local dress of the Indian people. At first, people were sceptical  about her motives. Soon, they realised she was really interested in loving poor people, even those who were dying and had no chance of survival.
Soon, other Indian people began to spare time to help Mother Teresa. She had taught everyone that the poor and dying people need love most of all.
In 1979, she won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Question: Why did Mother Teresa become a nun?

Choices:
- Her father was killed.
- The hate of her father's death.
- She was looking for a life of love.
- The poor life of her childhood.

Question: Why did she leave her duties as a teacher after 15 years in Loretto House?

Choices:
- To be a teacher was too tired
- The students in Loretto House were rich.
- She was tired of teaching.
- The poor in the slums needed her care.

Question: Which of the following is WRONG?

Choices:
- Mother Teresa was a Catholic.
- "Sari" is an Indian word that means clothing.
- At first people didn't believe her motives.
- She served poor people in the slums as a teacher.

Question: Perhaps the most important lesson the world has learned from Mother Teresa is  _  .

Choices:
- regular assistance
- food and shelter
- to care for the poor of the earth
- protection


Every day we meet people in a number of business and social situations. And the way we meet and greet them creates an impression. It's important to do so in a proper way, no matter whether you are introducing yourself to someone, or introducing two people. To keep you aware of this, we have gathered tips on how to make a proper introduction.
*Always stand when making an introduction.
When you are seated and someone comes up to greet you, make the effort to stand up. By doing this, you show respect for yourself and for the other person.
*Always keep eye contact while making an introduction.
Many people are not aware of the value of this simple action. When you make eye contact, you are giving a confident image.
*Always introduce a person of lesser authority to one of greater authority. The most important thing to remember is to say the most important person's name first.
For example, when introducing your supervisor to a job candidate  , you would give your supervisor's name first. "Bob Jones, may I introduce Susan Lee, who has just graduated from ABC University?"
*In a situation where rank is unimportant, an introduction is based on sex and age. A man is presented to a woman and a younger woman to an older woman.
What if you find yourself in a situation where you have forgotten the other person's name? Start with a handshake and reintroduce   yourself. When doing this, you will usually cause the other person to do the same.
However, if the other person does not take your suggestion, it is OK simply to apologize and let the person know that you cannot remember her or his name. This is not the ideal situation, of course, but it does happen to all of us. The other person should be forgiving.

Question: According to the passage, people will think you are   _   if you don't make eye contact with them.

Choices:
- not honest
- not confident
- shy
- unfriendly

Question: What should you do when you introduce a new worker to your boss?

Choices:
- You should not give your boss' name.
- You should give the new worker's name first.
- You needn't give your boss' name
- You should give your boss' name first

Question: If you forget the other person's name, you'd better   _  .

Choices:
- ask him/her directly
- apologize first and then ask him/her
- shake hands with the person and reintroduce yourself
- consider his age first


BERLIN---A German woman, fearful that a burglar was trying to break into her second -storey apartment, called police after she heard someone climbing up to her balcony shortly after midnight, police said Thursday. Police discovered the "burglar" was a man carrying flowers and a bottle of wine who turned out to be the woman's boyfriend. But then arrested him on an outstanding reason.
"He was trying to surprise her with the flowers and a bottle of wine but it all went wrong," said Korbach police spokesman Volker Koenig. He said the man jumped down from the balcony and tried to escape but was quickly caught by police.
"He gave the police who were taking him to jail the bottle of wine as a gesture of thanks for the friendly treatment after the arrest. " Koenig said.
LONDON---A smoker who died after battling emphysema   has had his dying wish granted with the placement of a "SMOKING KILLED ME" sign on his hearse   and his grave.
Albert Whittamore blamed his youthful smoking habit for the lung disease. He said before he died in February that he wanted the sign to serve as a warning to young people about the dangers of tobacco smoking.
The sign was designed to look like the health warning on a packet of cigarettes. The printed notice at his grave will be left in place for a week. The hearse carrying his body through the town of Dover 100 miles (160 kilometers) southeast of London and several of the printed signs shown in the windows.

Question: The man climbing up to the girl's balcony   _

Choices:
- was actually a wanted thief
- was put into prison in the end
- thanked the police for setting him free
- was treated badly by the police

Question: The best title for the first news item might be "  _  ."

Choices:
- A burglar's love
- A burglar boyfriend
- Flowers and wine
- Price for being romantic

Question: The public paid more attention to the smoker because   _  .

Choices:
- he died after smoking for many years
- he had the sign put on his hearse and his grave
- he died of a lung disease without any treatment
- he wanted the sign left on his grave for one day

Question: Which of the following is NOT true?

Choices:
- The sign will be printed on the packet of cigarettes.
- The signs were also shown in the windows of the hearse.
- The smoker wanted to tell people how bad it was to smoke.
- The smoker regretted forming the habit of smoking.


Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The other co-worker was Irving Kahn. He worked as vice-president of radio and television at 20thCentury Fox.
The first teleprompter involved a person who held a long piece of paper printed with big letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would move the paper ahead on the device . The teleprompter was first used on a television program called "The First Hundred Years." Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read.
Hub Schlafly and his co-workers believed that many companies would want to buy the teleprompter. So, they left their jobs and created the TelePrompTer Corporation to sell their invention.
In 1952, former President Herbert Hoover became the first politician to use a teleprompter. The former president was speaking at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, USA. For a brief time, he stopped reading and began to talk about a subject not written in his speech. When Hoover wanted to continue the speech, the words on the teleprompter were not moving. He then said the machine should be restarted and viewers became aware of the new invention. Many reporters wrote about that incident, creating a new level of publicity for the teleprompter.
Soon more and more politicians started to use it to face the television camera while reading prepared statements, instead of looking down at their notes. Then the device was used for almost all live television broadcasts.

Question: What is the text mainly about?

Choices:
- A new form of TV program.
- A great US electrical engineer.
- The influence of an electrical company.
- The history of a useful electrical device.

Question: When using the teleprompter, people are able to   _  .

Choices:
- memorize what they want to say very quickly
- practice their speech skills as if they were on TV
- face the TV while giving a speech
- see themselves on TV as they are making a speech

Question: When Hoover started to give his speech,   _  .

Choices:
- he forgot to turn on the teleprompter
- he decided to stop using the teleprompter
- people didn't know he used a teleprompter
- people didn't think the teleprompter would work

Question: What was the effect of the incident happening during Hoover's speech?

Choices:
- The teleprompter became popular.
- Schlafly's invention was doubted.
- Schlafly set up his own company.
- Hoover didn't complete his speech.


Country singer and songwriter Adrienne Young brings together music and agricultural activities.She even included seeds in the album cover of her first CD.
Adrienne Young wants people to know that she supports the movement in America to increase local farming.She offers information about agricultural issues on her Web site.And now part of the moneyfrom her third and newest release, "Room to Grow",will be donated to help support community gardens.
Adrienne Young's family has lived in Florida for seven generations.Her ancestors helped develop the agriculture industry there.The state of Florida is the nation's second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, 'after California.
Adrienne Young has said that her interest in nature was shaped by the fact that she did not grow up on a farm.She grew up in a house her grandfather build on what had been farmland two generations ago.But the land was developed and was now part of a highway.
Adrienne Young has teamed up with two organizations that support local farming and gardening efforts.One is the American Community Gardening Association.The other is FoodRoutes,a group she has represented for several years.
FoodRoutes says buying locally grown food is not only about taste and freshness.The group says buying locally also helps to strengthen local economies and protect the environment.Exports say food in the United States travels all average of more than three thousand kilometers from farm to store.

Question: The aim to write the passage is to   _   .

Choices:
- tell us a singer aims to grow interest in local farming
- show Adrienne Young promotes her third CD album
- praise Adrienne Young for her contributions to agriculture
- call on singers to learn from Adrienne Young

Question: Adrienne Young supports to increase local farming in   _   ways.

Choices:
- two
- three
- four
- five

Question: It can be learned from the passage that   _   .

Choices:
- Adrienne Young's parents used to be farmers
- Adrienne Young grew up on a farm
- Florida is good for farming
- no old houses existing on the farm belongs to Adrienne Young

Question: Buying locally grown food has many advantages EXCEPT   _   .

Choices:
- it is fresh
- it's tasty
- it's environmental protection
- it raises local production


The word proactivity is fairly common in management literature, but you won't find it in the dictionary. It means that as a human being you take responsibility for your own life.
Look at the word responsibility: ability to choose your response, response-ability. Effective people are proactive because they take responsibility. Their behavior is a product of their own decisions, based on values, rather than being a product of their own conditions, based on feelings.For instance, you are planning a picnic with your family.You're excited.You have all the preparations.You've decided where to go, and then it becomes stormy, killing your plan.Proactive people
. They realize what their purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it's in their own basement with some special games, and make the best of that situation.The opposite of being proactive is to be reactive.Reactive people would say, "What's the use?" "We can't do anything." "Oh this is so upsetting after all of our preparations and arrangements." They try to persuade the people around them and usually the picnic will be cancelled.
Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature. Your basic nature is to act, and not to be acted upon.That's true, despite widely accepted theories of determinism used to explain human nature. Determinism says that you don't really choose anything and that what you call choices are nothing more than automatic responses to outside conditions.
The language of reactive people is like: " I can't." " Don't have time." " I have to." " I must." The whole spirit of that language is the transfer of responsibility.They think things are determined by their environment, or by their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup.Psychologically, people who believe they are determined will produce the evidence to support the belief, and they increasingly feel victimized and out of control.They're not in charge of their life at all.
On the contrary, a proactive person exercises free will, the freedom to choose the response that best applies to his values.In that way, he gains control over the circumstances, rather than being controlled by them.

Question: According to the passage, a proactive person's behavior can result from    _   .

Choices:
- the environment
- an inner belief
- the genetic makeup
- a temporary feeling

Question: When a picnic plan is threatened by a sudden storm, reactive people will probably    _   .

Choices:
- have the picnic as planned
- make the best of the picnic
- complain and give up the picnic
- find somewhere else for the picnic

Question: It can be concluded from the passage that determinists      _   .

Choices:
- accept things passively
- are in charge of themselves
- are similar to proactive people
- respond to outside conditions actively


Without any previous notice, a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend. Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary self-funded by former CCTV news anchor Chai Jing was released on video-sharing websites in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.
Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her "personal clashes" with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. "I sealed tight all the windows. I started every day by checking the air pollution index," Chai said. Millions of other people are also doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes deeper. "I don't want to live in this way. 1 need to find out where the smog comes from and what on earth is going on."
Over a year, she investigated polluted sites to find the sources of smog, visited the US and the UK to learn about their anti-pollution experiences, and interviewed officials, scientists and the general public. Chai's research reveals that the burning of coal and oil contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She thus questions the country's energy consumption habits in the film.
She then goes on to disclose loopholes   in car emissions regulations. The film also explains that businesses are pressured not to abide by  the laws because violating  them carries little or no cost, while making changes bumps up costs. The film also points at China's petroleum and steel industries as the biggest sources of air pollution.
Cheng Chen, a 22-year-old student from Beijing Foreign Studies University, found the documentary "very inspiring". "I used to think it's not my duty to deal with air pollution--I don't own a factory or a car," said Cheng. "But Chai told me we share the same fate since we breathe the same air and there is a lot I can do."
However, some people are annoyed by the film's description of their polluted hometowns, especially when it shows a banner from Xingtai in Hebei saying "Congratulations to our city for no longer being ranked the last place among the country's 74 cities in terms of air quality".
 _ "What's important is that Chai's work has raised public attention toward the structure of the energy industry," she said.   Meanwhile, experts remind moved viewers of the film's limitations.

Question: According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- The documentary was made by Chai jing , who works in CCTV now.
- The documentary dominated headlines and social websites soon after it was broadcast on TV.
- Chai started making the documentary after she gave birth to a daughter.
- Chai thinks that it is the burning of coal and oil that leads to air pollution in china.

Question: Why Chai jing decided to make the film at first ?

Choices:
- She wanted to do something for her daughter
- She wanted to disclose loopholes in car emissions regulations.
- She wanted to make money
- She wanted to raise public attention toward the structure of the energy industry

Question: what's the author's attitude towards the film?

Choices:
- positive
- objective
- negative
- indifferent


The Sunset Pasta Cruise  to Emerald Bay
Saturday evening, September 25, 2010
 You will cruise to Emerald Bay at Sunset, one of the most beautiful places in the world while dining on a Pasta Buffet   and listening to live light dance music.
Buses will pick up Sunset Pasta Cruise diners from the main entrance to the Horizon Casino Resort at: 4:40pm and 5:05pm on Saturday and take you the 1.5 miles to Ski Run Marina for boarding.
Boarding is at Ski Run Marina at 5:15 p.m.  (with departure at 5:45 p.m.), located in South Lake Tahoe.
The cost for the cruise, pasta buffet, live music, and the 2.5-hour cruise to Emerald Bay is $55 (normally $75). The cost for children between 3-11 is $41 and under 3 is free. Must register the under 3 as well for the coast guard count. The Sunset Pasta Cruise will be limited to 200 guests. Large parties will be seated first to insure seating together.
Pick up your Sunset Pasta Cruise tickets at the Expo at the Horizon Casino Resort before 3 p.m. on Saturday. Those unclaimed   will be sold to those on the waiting list at that time. At approximately 5:45 pm any extra spaces will be sold to passengers on the dock.
Children who require a seat must have a ticket as well.
Closest lodging to the Pasta Cruise is:  Super 8, Lakeland Village.
Please note that our sponsor  , the Riva Grill, is on the Lake close to the boarding area for the Tahoe Queen. A great gathering place to meet or to have dinner.
Call Riva Grill (530) 542-2600 for lunch or dinner reservations while you are visiting Lake Tahoe.

Question: When will the cruise to Emerald Bay end?

Choices:
- At about 7:00 pm.
- At about 8:20 pm.
- At about 9:20 pm.
- On Sunday morning.

Question: How much will Mrs. Robert and her 15-year-old son pay for the cruise?

Choices:
- $96.
- $110.
- $116.
- $150.

Question: It can be inferred that Riva Grill is   _  .

Choices:
- a supermarket
- a water sports center
- a restaurant
- a mall


Holiday houses in Mallorca sailing and fishing port - quiet even in summer season. Beautifully situated houses with sights of sea and mountains, yet near to shops and restaurants. Cars and bicycles for hire. Sailing and sports clubs nearby.
ITALY IN COMFORT
Luxury coach( - carriage) trips of Italy, out of normal holiday season. 21days to visit five Italian cities starting from London 1 st May, 1 st September . The trips are guided by profess or Martin Davis. Head of Italian Studies, London University . See the arts and culture of historic Italy.
KIBBUTZ HOLIDAYS IN ISRAEL
Working holidays on a kibbutz( co -operative farm) in Israel. All nationalities welcome for one to three months, if prepared to work morning with kibbutz members. Accommodation  , food and trips to historic sights all provided free - you pay only for the special low- cost return flight.
TWO WEEKS ON A CARIBBEAN ISLAND
Two- week holidays in the Hotel Splendid , on a lovely beach with golden sands and deep- blue sea. Tennis, golf, sailing and all water sports, trips around the island arranged. Near to town of Castries with lively evening entertainment - dancing.
1 st November - 31 st March = PS 720 per person
1 st April - 30th October = PS 850 per person
Jack and his wife Mary, who have recently retired, want to see places of cultural and historic interest abroad, but Mary hates flying.
Peter and Maria, university students, want to travel as far as possible on little money, and would like to get to know a country by working there for three months with other young people.
Michael, a young computer programmer, has been working hard and needs a holiday to relax in winter. He would like to go somewhere warmer and sunny, where he can swim in the sea, and he enjoys sports and dancing.
Herry and Kate, both teachers, and their two sons, have to take their holiday during the school summer holidays. There must be plenty for the boys to do, although Harry and Kate just want to have beautiful scenery, good food and wine- and peace.

Question: Michael would most probably go to   _   for his holiday.

Choices:
- Italy
- Israel
- Mallorca
- a Caribbean island

Question: The most suitable place where Peter and Maria can enjoy their holiday would be  _

Choices:
- an Italian city
- a kibbutz in Israel
- a Caribbean island
- the port in Mallorca

Question: The best holiday for Jack and Mary would be  _  .

Choices:
- the 21 - day coach trip of Italy
- the 2 -week stay in the Hotel Splendid
- the 14 -day trip around a Caribbean island
- the working holidays for 1 -3 months on a kibbutz in Israel

Question: Harry and Kate and their sons would like  _  .

Choices:
- a holiday working on a kibbutz in Israel
- a holiday visiting cities by coach in Italy
- a holiday house in the fishing port in Mallorca
- a holiday hotel on a lovely beach on a Carribean Island


Google Works Miracles
Google(www.Google.com) is a daily miracle to millions of people. If the Internet had only this very fast search engine, it would have justified its existence many times over. It is the most popular search engine on the web with a 54% market share, ahead of Yahoo! You type almost anything, however unclear, into the space provided and in a second it has come up with hundreds of references. If knowledge is power, then Google commands the gateway.
Yahoo Becomes Giant
Yahoo(www.yahoo.com) was the first wonder of the web, and in many respects, it still is. It started in January 1994 when two California graduate students, Jerry Yang and David Filo, started compiling a database of links, mainly for their personal use. But well before the end of the year, it had become recognizable as Yahoo we know today. In the past seven years, Yahoo had grown rapidly, partly through a long string of buys. Yahoo now offers almost everything you could want: emails, instant messages, chats, clubs, photo albums and a lot more.
eBay Enables Everyone to Buy and Sell
eBay(www.ebay.com),which deals with online trading and shopping services, is the most impressive large Internet company where people buy and sell goods and services worldwide. It has, for instance, opened up a global marketplace in which people from Beijing, San Francisco, or Moscow can bid against each other for products put up for sale by someone in London. The company's online service permits sellers to list items for sale, buyers to bid on items of interest, and eBay users to browse through listed items that is available online seven days a week.
Amazon Makes Buying a New Experience
Amazon(www.amazon.com)started out as an online bookstore, constantly putting up new book titles it offered for sale. In the late 1990s, Amazon had more than four million titles after adding CDs, videos, DVDs and games, It continued to add new lines of business including toys, computer software, electronics, like MP3 players, power tools, home improvement products and online sales. For regular users, Amazon has made itself the shortest possible path between wanting and buying.

Question: What is Google used mainly for?

Choices:
- Commanding the gateway.
- Searching for information.
- Storing reference books.
- Providing extra space.

Question: How long did it take for Yahoo to be recognized?

Choices:
- One year.
- A month.
- Several years.
- Overnight.

Question: What goods did Amazon sell when it started its business?

Choices:
- Power tools.
- Mp3 players.
- Different books.
- Videos and games.

Question: Which of the following is true?

Choices:
- Buying and selling can only be done through Amazon.
- If you feed in something unclear, Google will refuse to do the searching.
- Yahoo owns more market shares than any other companies on the web.
- eBay Company's online service is always there for its users.


Two people have died after two separate university shootings in Texas and Arizona, just hours apart. One person was killed and three injured in the first shooting at Northern Arizona University early on Friday. Later that morning a shooting at a student complex near Texas Southern University left one person dead.
In Arizona, police named the gunman there as Steven Jones, an 18-year-old first year student at Northern Arizona University.Mr. Jones told police he was approached by a group of men and attacked. He fled, produced a gun from his pocket and opened fire when the men caught up with him, Arizona police said. Witnesses told police that the victims were unarmed.
The second shooting in Texas happened later on Friday morning at the University Courtyard Apartments on the edge of the Houston campus. One student was killed, a freshman at the school, the university confirmed, and another person was wounded. Two people have been arrested as suspects and a third is still at large, said Houston police spokeswoman Jodi Silva.
The attacks came as President Barack Obama visited families of victims of a college shooting in Oregon. On arriving in Oregon, he was jeered  by gun rights activists who oppose calls he made for tougher gun laws after nine people were killed at Umpqua Community College, Roseburg, last week.
After a private meeting with families, Mr Obama said he had "strong feelings" about gun control, adding: "We are going to have to come together as a country to see how we can prevent these issues from taking place."
On the edge of this little American town, a few hundred protestors gathered to tell their president he was not welcome. Many were openly carrying handguns to _ their message. The demonstrators blamed the shooting here last week on two things: a failure to treat mental health problems and the designation of Umpqua Community College as a gun-free zone. Many of those we spoke to said they had travelled to Roseburg from elsewhere in Oregon to make their voices hear. The hostility to the Democratic president here in Republican rural Oregon was not just political, it was personal.

Question: How many people were dead in these two recent university shootings?

Choices:
- One.
- Two.
- Three.
- Four.

Question: Which of the following is right about the Northern Arizona University shooting?

Choices:
- The gunman was about to graduate.
- It was the victims who started the fight.
- The gunman shot the victims out of hatrd.
- The victims attacked the gunman with knives.

Question: Mr. Obama probably agreed that   _  .

Choices:
- gun control is too strict in most parts of America, especially in universities
- designation of Umpqua community college as a gun-free zone is a wrong decision
- Americans should be united to prevent criminal shooting from happening so frequently
- A failure to treat mental health problems caused the shooting at Umpqua Community College


Manchester is the "capital" of the northwest of England. Situated on the east bank of the River Irwell, it is a lively busy city with a large student population. Although it was once seen as only a dull industrial place, in recent years Manchester has become the "in" place. It is well-known for its clubs, its fashion and its music, not to mention its world -famous football team, Manchester United.
There is plenty to see in Manchester and something to suit all taste. For example, you have a taste of the Orient in Chinatown, home to Manchester's large Chinese population. Another place to visit is the historical Eastlefield area, which contains the first urban heritage park in Britain. Here you can walk around the museums and experience the atmosphere of the 19thcentury Manchester.
Football fans need not feel left out; they can always make a trip to the Old Trafford  Manchester United Museum which also contains a coffee shop and a souvenir shop
It's easy to find your way around the city center and you're never too far away from a bus, which will take you wherever you want to go. However, many people prefer walking in a city where there's so much to see, and much of it is off the main travel lines.
If you get tired with all that walking, you can refresh yourself at one of the many cafe bars in the city. There's a wide variety of homely and old-fashioned ones
Whatever you do, you won't have a dull moment in the place which was awarded the title of "most interesting city in Europe ". Despite _ unpopular industrial image in the past, Manchester is becoming more and more popular as a tourist destination nowadays.

Question: According to the passage, Manchester is   _  .

Choices:
- a big city in the southwest of England
- only known for its heavy industry
- interesting only if you like football
- a very popular place now

Question: If you are interested in history,   _   in Manchester.

Choices:
-
you will see the 18
thcentury center building
- you can go to Chinatown
- you don't have a big choice
- you can visit the Eastlefield

Question: What was Manchester like in the past?

Choices:
- A small and dull city.
- A city full of factories
- An exciting city to visit
- A popular destination


The intelligence times provide us much convenience,but at the same time,some of our abilities are being weakened gradually.
1. Memorizing phone numbers
It was annoying to remember numbers. Now we simply add them to our contacts list. That usually works well unless our device is lost,stolen,or damaged. No one can be expected to remember all their contact numbers. What we can do is memorize 5 of our most important contact numbers. This should include a mixture of family,friends and business. If you're really ambitious you can memorize 5 contacts for each category.
2. Map-reading skills
The convenience and effectiveness of GPS guidance systems and digital maps generated by search engines is unquestionable. They've definitely made our lives easier. What we don't get from using these devices and applications is the increased ability to understand spatial orientation and navigation.
To renew or acquire those skills,try using physical maps to plan your next trip. After a few trips,you'll be pleasantly surprised with how useful a physical map can be.
3. Photography
Even amateur photography requires a basic learning about lighting,depth,and composition. This is true for digital photography. Most smart cameras automatically make these adjustments. We no longer have to learn the art of photography. On most devices,this is easily changed by turning off the automatic settings. Experiment with setting by hand the scene modes,lighting,and zoom. You just may learn that you're a "true photographer".
4. Reading comprehension
The primary cause is E-reader. They're convenient and can store thousands of books. But there's evidence that E-reader makes it more difficult for readers to keep and recall information they just read. Don't worry! What we should do is make an effort to read printed books. This will be especially helpful when seeking information we need for academic or career purposes.
5.Hand-written correspondence
Writing letters and notes include hand writing skills,organizational skills,and learning about the person or persons you correspond with. This is another easily regained skill. Send a letter to an old friend,relative or acquaintance.

Question: What's the disadvantage by adding all numbers to the contacts list?

Choices:
- We may only have the ability to remember 5 numbers.
- It's hard to find the number from the contacts list.
- We might lose all our phone numbers accidentally.
- Our device is more easily damaged or stolen.

Question: To make yourself a "true photographer",you   _  .

Choices:
- must make it clear how the digital camera works itself
- have to make your camera do the adjustments automatically
- don't need to learn the art of photography
- had better try to set the scene modes,lighting,and zoom by hand

Question: E-readers are thought to weaken our reading comprehension because   _  .

Choices:
- they are convenient and can store thousands of books
- they make it more difficult for us to recall information
- less people can afford to buy E-readers
- people are not fond of reading printed books nowadays

Question: The author of the text seems to   _  .

Choices:
- be worried that we might lose some basic abilities in intelligence society
- point out to us the abilities one should have for adapting to the modem society
- be glad that people will regain these abilities by using them often in daily life
- find out that these abilities will probably make modern people different from before


We experience different forms of the Sun's energy every day. We can see its light and feel its warmth. The Sun is the major source of energy for our planet. It causes the evaporation   of water from the oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These green plants then provide food for all organisms  on the Earth.
Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth's surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere,30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth's surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately 0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.
Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth's surface back to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.
When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount reflected depends on the surface. For example, you've probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributes to the low temperatures of winter. Dark-coloured surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.

Question: According to the passage, the root( ) cause for weather changes on the Earth is  _  .

Choices:
- the atmosphere surrounding the Earth
- water from oceans and lakes
- energy from the Sun
- greenhouse gases in the sky

Question: Only a small part of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface because most of it is  _  .

Choices:
- absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere
- reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere
- lost in the upper and lower atmosphere
- used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes

Question: We learn from the passage that  _  .

Choices:
- all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food
- a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy
- only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth
- greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth's surface


While Americans feel worried about how to look after their children and help them grow, French parents are raising happy, well-behaved children without all the anxiety.
   Pamela Druckerman, an American mother living in Paris, watched carefully as to why French children seem to behave so much better than American children. Let's listen to what she said.
   While eating at the restaurants in Paris, I noticed the French kids were either sitting in their chairs waiting for their food or eating fish and even vegetables, happy and satisfied. There was no shouting or crying, and there were no pieces of food around their tables. However, my 2-year-old daughter, Beth, took a brief interest in the food. She even threw food everywhere. She couldn't keep herself in her chair and ran around the table. Though by that time I'd live in France for a few months, I couldn't explain it.
   After surveying French parents, I realized that they aren't perfect, but they have some parenting secrets that do work. French parents seem to have different ideas about raising kids. One of the keys to this education is the simple act of learning how to wait. It is why the French babies I have encountered mostly sleep throughout the night from two or three months old. Their parents don't pick them up the moment they start crying, allowing the babies to learn how to fall back asleep. It is also why French kids will sit happily at a restaurant. Rather than snacking all day like American children, they mostly have to wait until mealtime to eat. French kids always have three meals a day and one snack at about 4:00 pm.

Question: While eating at restaurants in Paris, French kids   _

Choices:
- make a lot of noise
- like running around
- behave very well
- only eat what they like

Question: What is Pamela Druckerman's attitude toward French parents' parenting methods?

Choices:
- She doesn't like them
- She considers them helpless
- She thinks they work well.
- She thinks they are hard to follow.

Question: What is this passage mainly about?

Choices:
- Why French children love eating at restaurants.
- Why American children don't like eating at mealtime.
- What American parents usually learn from French parents.
- How French parents raise their children compared to American parents.