Taɣiwant n At Mlikec (Bgayet)

**Tamnaḍt n umezruy d yidles**

*Aṭas n temnaḍin n tmurt n Leqbayel i d-yefkan tulawin d yirgazen n yiseɣ i tmurt n Lezzayer, ama deg umezruy, idles d tẓuri, ama deg leqdic yelhan s umata. **Gar temnaḍin-a, ad d-nebder taɣiwant n At Mlikec, i d-yezgan deg wasun n Tezmalt, tawilayt n Bgayet.*

**Aglam d usenked**

Taɣiwant n At Mlikec d yiwet seg temnaḍin timesdurar, taddart-is akk ɛlayen d Taɣalaḍt. Tekka-d s 950 n lmitrat s nnig yilel. Ḥerrent-tt-id waṭas n tamiwin-nniḍen timesdurar, seg tama n ugafa, ḥerrent-tt-id kra n tɣiwanin n twilayt n Tizi Wezzu am Yillilten, Iferḥunen d Uqbil, seg unẓul, d taɣiwant n Tezmalt, ma seg tama n umalu, d taɣiwant n Uɣbalu (Tubiret), akked Yiɣrem (Aqbu) seg usamer. Imezdaɣ n At Mlikec, ar aseggas n 2008, wwḍen azal n 8400 d amezdaɣ. Am waṭas n temnaḍin, tiɣiwanin d tudrin n Leqbayel, yal ta ɣur-s turda seg wansa i d-yekka yisem-is. Isem-agi n At Mlikec, ɣef wakken i nesteqsa, nnan-aɣ-d tella yiwet n turda i d-yeqqaren, deg tallit taqburt, bedden sin n yirgazen n temnaḍt-a ttnaɣen, a-t-aya iɛedda-d yiwen tama-nsen, yebɣa ad ten-yefru s wawal, dɣa yekker-d yiwen deg yirgazen-nni, yenna-as “Mel i kečč”, seg yimiren dɣa i d-yeqqim wawal-a, yuɣal syin akkin Mlikec, syin At Mlikec. Tesɛa 10 n tudrin, bdu-tt-id s ufella seg tuddar n Iɛeggacen d Tala n Tiɣilt i ineṭṭḍen ɣer Yiɣrem, tṣubbeḍ-d akken ɣer Tɣalaḍt, Tabuda d Ugentur, alamma tewwdeḍ-d d akessar ɣer Nezla d Yidamuten i d-yezgan nnig kan n temdint n Tezmalt.

**D tamnaḍt n tfellaḥt **

Tettwassen temnaḍt-a s yiḥerqan d yiɣewdan meqqren n uzemmur, lxedma n tfellaḥt acku d tamnaḍt yesɛan aman, ma nebder-d kan taddart n Tbuda (tabuda di teqbaylit : d ṣṣenf n leḥcic i d-imeqqin deg yimukan ideg llan waman. Md : Ifellaḥen ttgen tabuda d tisumtiwin gar uzaglu d yiri n uzger -Seg usegzawal Issin wis sin n K. Bouamara- sb, 63). Ar ass-a n wussan, teṭṭef u teḍfer tsuta tamaynut deg ubrid i d-wwin lejdud, ama d ansayen, timliliyin gar yimezdaɣ i ferru n wuguren d tallelt i ttemyefken way gar-asen mi d-teḥḍer teswiɛt.

**Abrid-is, meqqer deg yidles **

Deg taɣult n yidles, aṭas i d-tmudd tɣiwant n At Mlikec i Tmaziɣt, ladɣa seg wid iqedcen war akukru akken ad d-afent tsutwin i d-iteddun tala zeddigen ideg ara d-agment. Ɣur-s ddeqs n tlawin d yirgazen imussnawen, seg wid irefden imru ad arun, ad ssefrun neɣ ad gen leqdicat yelhan ilan abaɣur. Ad d-nebder amedyaz ameqqran n tallit taqburt Muḥend Ssaɛid Amlikec, amaru amnadi Racid Ulebsir, aselmad n Tmaziɣt, amedyaz d uḥeddad n wawal Malek Ḥud, amaswaḍ n Tmaziɣt Yeḥya Bellil d umaru Ǧamal Areẓqi i igan adlis n unadi ɣef tudert n “Muḥend Ssaɛid Amlikec 1812-1877, amedyaz / anazbay”, tarbaɛt n umezgun Lewhama i yerzan ɣer waṭas n tudrin n Leqbayel d waṭas n yisdawanen yettnadi di tmussni n tutlayt Tamaziɣt di tesdawiyin n Bgayet, Tubiret d Tizi Wezzu. War ma nettu xilla n yirgazen werǧin kcimen s aɣerbaz, maca ssnen timɛayin d temsirin n tudert, i d-ttawin s timawit di tejmuyaɛ n tudrin. Akken daɣen i llant tulawin d temɣarin s yidles-nsent amesbaɣur d tmucuha n zik, d Teqbaylit iṣeḥḥan i ttmeslayent, ssawaḍent izen n tutlayt i yimecṭaḥ i d-yettenkaren.

**Tekki s lǧehd deg tegrawla **

Ma nuɣal-d ɣer umezruy, ad naf belli tamnaḍt-a tekki deg tegrawla n Lezzayer s tidet, irgazen-is d tulawin-is d wid yellan deg unnar. Ad tt-naf gar tɣiwanin timezwura i yefkan amḍan meqqren n yimeɣrasen, imi ddeqs deg-sen i tefka i tegrawla n (1954- 1962), azal n 1000 i yefkan idammen-nsen d asfel akken ad d-tḥelli tmurt timunent-is. Ad d-nebder akulunil Abderrehman Mira i yeṭṭfen adeg n Ɛmiruc asmi t-nɣan Irumyen, ameɣras Azwaw Ɛemran seg taddart n Tɣalaḍt... Ma nerra ɣer umezruy n tussna, ad naf ibder-itt-id daɣen umazray d umesniles ameqqran Ibn Xeldun deg tirawin-is, anda i d-yenna belli At Mlikec d taqbilt i d-yeffɣen deg tallit n Yisenhaǧen, ṭṭfen armi d lqern wis 15 amḍiq (fertile) n Mettiǧa uqbel ad ten-id-squqren syin Imiriniyen, acku At Mlikec d taqbilt tamecṭuḥt nezzeh di tallit-nni . Dɣa lewhi n 1307 i d-wwḍen ɣer Ǧerǧer ddaw leɛnaya n yidurar-is i asen-yefkan taɣellist d lehna. Uqbel ad d-adren ɣer wanda llan ass-a nnig n Tezmalt. Yerna yenna-d Ibn Xeldun ɣef Wayt Mlikec asmi ruḥen ad fken tallelt i Dday akken ad ḥudden ɣef Lezzayer tamaneɣt mgal amnekcam Afransis, deg 1830, anida aṭas deg-sen ǧǧan tirwiḥin-nsen din.

**Leɛwayed d wansayen**

Taɣiwant n At Mlikec tesɛa yiwen n wansay umi qqaren lweɛda n Sidi Lmufeq i d-yettezzin yal aseggas, d asiher i d-yessemliliyen akk tuddar n At Mlikec ɣer lemqam n Yiɣil Leqrar i d-yezgan deg taddart n Lemṣella, ttemlilin-d yimezdaɣ meẓẓi meqqer s tumert d lbaraka, ttgen ttebyita s tbaqiyin n seksu i d-ttawin gar yifassen, d ddeɛwat n lxir n yimɣaren d temɣarin akken ad d-ters tegmat gar yimdanen d usfillet i lɣella d leqniɛa ara yeččaren ulawen uqbel ixxamen.

**D tamnaḍt yettwattun **

Ɣas akken, ar ass-a n wussan mazal xuṣṣen nezzeh wallalen n tudert deg tama n At Mlikec, iɣerbazen ideg qqaren yinelmaden aṭas deg-sen i iqedmen, werɛad yekcem lgaz n temdint ixxamen, iberdan n ukerrus ttwaɣen fiḥel awal, d waṭas n lixṣas yerzan ilmeẓyen ur nettaf ara tikwal yiwen wadeg i usɛeddi n wakuden ilmawen, anef ɛad i yidgan n unegmu d unefli ur d-nettwabdar ara deg tɣiwant-a. Maca ad naf imezdaɣ-is, d wid yeddren s lɛezz d lḥerma. Di lewqat iweεren, imdanen wa yettak afus i wa, akken fell-asen ad tixfif teɛkemt n tudert ẓẓayen. Deg usirem ad as-ttunefken akk wallalen n tudert yelhan, am nettat, am temnaḍin-nniḍen timesdurar, akken imezdaɣ-nsent ad idiren di talwit d yiseɣ.

*Khaled Achoui*

*I tutlayt-inu*

*https://sadbendali.blogspot.com/2020/09/taiwant-n-at-mlikec.html*

Ablug n tutlayt tamaziɣt d yedles-is. Tutlayt-inu - ma langue est un blog dédié à langue amazighe et sa culture.


Timeẓra d wazalen ikudanen

**Di temsirt-a, ad d-nefk azal akudan i d-yettifriren yal tikkelt mi ara yernu umallal ɣer umyag yeftin ɣer yiwet si tmeẓra. Ha-ten-a wananen yellan s yimedyaten:**

**DEG YIZRI:**

### 1**. Azwiri n tigawt deg yizri:**

- Tella tgen.

- Tuɣ-itt tgen.

### 2. **Aseḍfer n tigawt deg yizri:**

- Tella ad tgen.

- Tuɣ-itt ad tgen.

### 3. **Asfari deg yizri:**

- Tella teggan.

- Tuɣ-itt teggan.

**DEG YIMAL:**

### 1. **Asured neɣ azwiri n tigawt deg yimal:**

- Ad tili tgen.

- Ad tt-taɣ tgen.

### 2. **Asured neɣ aseḍfer n tigawt deg yimal:**

- Ad tili ad tgen.

- Ad tt-taɣ ad tgen.

### 3. **Asfari deg yimal:**

- Ad tili teggan.

- Ad tt-taɣ teggan.

**DI TNUMI NEΓ DEG WALLAS:**

### 1. **Azwiri n tigawt tanumant neɣ tanalast deg yizri:**

- Tettili tgen.

- Tettaɣ-itt tgen.

2. **Aseḍfer n tigawt tanumant neɣ tanalast deg yimal:**

- Tettili ad tgen.

- Tettaɣ-itt ad tgen.

### 3. **Tiḍri n tigawt tasfarayt:**

- Tettili teggan.

- Tettaɣ-itt teggan.

**G.M**:

1. Deg yizri, amallal yefti ɣer yizri.

2. Deg yimal, amallal yefti ɣer wurmir.

3. Di tnumi d wallas, amallal yefti ɣer wurmir ussid.

**Tamsirt-a, tettwakkes-d seg yiwen udlis n tutlayt ara d-yeffɣen deg yiwen wakud uqrib.*

*Sadeq Bendali*


Tinfaliyin tusbikin (asbak)

Am di tutlayin nniḍen, di Tmaziɣt, llant tenfaliyin tusbikin. Tanfalit tusbikt, tettili d tagrumma n wawalen yezdin akken ad d-fken yiwen unamek. Tezmer daɣen ad tili d tafyirt, tikwal, d inzi.Tanfalit tusbikt, tseεεu yiwen unamek kan, ur yettbeddil ara. Xas awalen-is yal wa, ila anamek-is iman-is, anamek ara d-fken yemgarad.

**Amedya:**

*Ikeccem ger yiccer d uksum.*

**Anamek-is:** Yettḥettic, yettnadi aṭas ad yefhem, xas d ayen i t-yexḍan - Mačči dɣa, yezmer walbeεḍ ad yaweḍ ad yekcem ger yiccer d weksum n uḍad: ulamek, d awezɣi.

*Temlal tasa d way turew.*

**Anamek-is:** Mlalen-d akk wid εzizen, ayt yiwet twacult. Wamag, tasa ur tettarew ara. D amdan (tameṭṭut) i yettarwen i iseεεun. tarwa.


Tagetnamka

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**Tabadut:**

**Tagetnamka d awal uddis, yegber "gget"+ "anamek", anamek-is yesεa aṭas yinumak. Yiwen n wawal, yezmer ad d-yefk aṭas yinumak. **Ha-ten-a kra n yimedyaten:

**(imyagen, ččar, aɣ, ṭṭef)**

**Amyag. "ččar":**

1.Yeččur weqcic-a.

2.Yeččur wul-is.

3.Yeččur uqerru-is.

4.Yeččur aεebbuḍ-is.

5.Yeččur wulzuz (ssuq).

6.Yeččur d awal.

7.Yeččur d zzux.

8.Yeččur-d aḍellaε.

9.Yeččur wufad-is.

10.Teččur-d si tala. (tugem-d si tala)

**Amyag "aɣ":**

1.Yuɣ awal n baba-s.

2.Yuɣ abrid n Tala.

3.Yuɣ iselman.

4.Yuɣ abrid yelhan.

5.Yuɣ tamɣart.

6.Yettaɣ awal.

7.Aṭṭan yuɣ akk tawacult.

8.Yuɣ ufus n uḥeccad.

9.Tuɣ-it igen.

10.Tuɣ temtunt.

**Amyag "ṭṭef":**

1.Teṭṭef afus n yemma-s.

2.Teṭṭef deg wawal-is.

3.Teṭṭef tkerrust-is.

4.Teṭṭef di tutlayt-is..

5.Teṭṭef tmeɣra sin wussan.

6.Teṭṭef tin i as-yukren azrar-is.

7.Teṭṭef aqemmuc-is.

8.Teṭṭef tbuzewwaɣt deg-s.

9.Teṭṭef tawala di tala.

10.Teṭṭef talemmast.

*Sadaq Bendali*


Asebter n unelmad

**Tiɣri**

I wakken ad yessebɣes

**i tira, ablug "TUTLAYT-INU" ad d-yeg tiɣri-a i yiselmaden, tiselmadin d yimarawen daɣen. Iswi n teɣri , d asekles d uzuzer n yiḍrisen deg yisebtar n ublug-nneɣ. I lmend n waya, a-t-a nga-d***inelmaden d tnelmadin-nneɣ***. Ad d-nessuter seg-wen ad aɣ-d-taznem aḍris yufraren (yuklalen) seg wid uran yinelmaden-nwen neɣ tarwa-nwen.***"asebter n unelmad"*Ta, d tagnit yettufarasen, ad tettunefk akk i

**. Tzemrem ad d-taznem srid ɣer ublug neɣ i***wid ilemmden deg yiɣerbazen, iɣerbazen ilemmasen d tesnawiyin***Tesεam azref ad d-taznem yiwen uḍris kan. Nessutur ad yili war igulen, yura ddaw-s yisem n ugrud, taneɣrit (aswir) d uɣerbaz ideg yeqqar s tansa, ternum-d tawlaft n unelmad neɣ tnelmadt. Ma ur tewjid ara tewlaft-is, aznet-d tin n uɣerbaz-is neɣ n taddart-is (ulac uɣilif).***S.Bendali.***G.M:**

Tzemrem daɣen ad aɣ-d-taznem tugna neɣ unuɣ icebḥen i yexdem ugrud. Tutlayt-inu, la ken-tettraǧu s tumert.

** Tanemmirt**.

*Tutlayt-inu*


Asmi llan ttnuzun waklan

Asmi lkan ttnuzun waklan, iṛuḥ yiwen n umeṛkanti ɣer ssuq-nsen. Idewwer armi ters tiṭ-is ɣef yiwen akken d aɛlayan, d ačuran, iqeṛṛeb armi d ameẓẓuɣ-is yesbecbec-as :

- Ur ẓriɣ ara ma ad iyi-k-isenz bab-ik ?

Yerra-as-d ula d netta ɣer tmeẓẓuɣt :

- Mačči d Ččɣel - iw.

Iɛawed yesteqsa-t :

- I ma heḍreɣ d bab-ik, d acu tenniḍ ?

Yerra-as-d : winna, d Ččeɣl - ik.

Asteqsi nniḍen :

I ma nemsewwaq nekk d bab-ik, meqqar tḥerced deg uxeddim n wakal ; tayerza, aserwet, afras, aleqqem...

Imuqel-it-id armi i as-d-yerra :

- Winna d Ččɣel-iw.

Hacene Kashi


Tajerrumt: imyagen n tɣara

**Imyagen, nezmer ad ten-nebḍu ɣef sin yiḥricen: imyagen imugna d yimyagen n tɣara. **

**Imyagen imugna **ssenfalayen tigawt, md: azzel, aru, sew, kmez, gzem, ečč.

**Imyagen n tɣara** ssenfalayen taɣara neɣ addad (amek iga kra). Ur mmalen ara tigawt. Tuget-nsen, nessuddum-d seg-sen igelman (irbiben), md: awraɣ si iwriɣ, aẓayan si aẓay, aleqqaq si ilqiq, ahrawan si ihriw.

## Taseftit ɣer yizri:

- Di tseftit ɣer yizri, imyagen n tɣara, mgaraden ɣef yimyagen imugna (n tigawt). Ha-t-a umedya n tseftit amyag "ibrik":- Nekk berrikeɣ ..............ɣ
- Kečč berrikeḍ ..............ḍ
- Netta berrik. ...............
- Nettat berriket ............et
- Nekkni berrikit..............it
- Kunwi berrikit ..............it
- Kunemti berrikit...........it
- Nitni berrikit. ..............it
- Nitenti berrikit..............it

**Tasemlilt:**

Di tseftit n yimyagen n tɣara ɣer yizri:- Imataren udmawanen, ttilin kan di taggara.
- Udem wis 3 n wasuf amalay (netta), ur yesεi ara amatar udmawan.
- Tella kan yiwet talɣa n usget, amatar-is udmawan d "...........it".

**Timawin:**

- Kra n yimyagen n tɣara, am yimyagen imugna, di tseftit ula ɣer yizri (lhu, cmet).
- Di kra n temnaḍin, taseftit n yimyagen n tɣara ɣer yizri ur temgarad ara ɣef tin n yimyagen n tigawt. Ẓer deg umedya-a:berrikeɣ, tberrikeḍ, iberrik, tberrik, nberrik, tberrikem, tberrikemt, berriken, berrikent.

*Sadeq Bendali*


Tadiwennit d tmarut Dalila Qeddac

**Tin iqeddcen ɣef tutlayt-is, s uselmed d tira**

**Massa Dalila Qeddac-Cix, d tayemmat, d taselmadt, d tameskart n ddeqs n yidlisen, ger tullisin, inzan d wungal. Tessuffeɣ-d tawenza deg useggas n 2015, tafat taderɣalt (2018), asirem yettaqecmen (2019). Di 2019, daɣen ffɣen-d sin yidlisen-is: aεwin akked tiqit tiqit, ad neččar tabaqit.**

**Anta i d massa Dalila Qedd**

**ac-Cix? Ttxil-m, Ssenked-d iman-im i yimeɣriyen n "tutlayt-inu".**

Massa Qeddac-Ccix d tameṭṭut taqbaylit i iḥemmlen tameslayt-is. D yelli-s n Wayt Yeḥya Musa, taɣiwant n ugrawliw ameqqran Krim Belqasem. Dalila Qeddac, d taselmadt i yebdan aselmed n tutlayt Tamaziɣt deg useggas n 2002. Tlul ass n 09/02/1978.

**D acu yessaɣen deg-m tayri n tira? Ahat tella kra n tɣawsa i kem-yewwin ɣer taɣult-a!**

Tira, d allal swayes tettidir tmeslayt. Ayen yessaɣen tayri-s deg-i, imi ahat tella deg yidammen-iw diɣen ahat d lexsas i d-nettmagar nekkni s yiselmaden deg unnar. Tira, seg zik i tezdeɣ deg-i. Cfiɣ mi lliɣ qqareɣ deg uɣerbaz alemmas ttaruɣ ayen din s Tifinaɣ.

**Imi d awal ɣef ugemmay n tira, efk-d tamuɣli-m ɣef win iwulmen s wayes ara taẓ Tmaziɣt ɣer zdat. D Tifinaɣ neɣ Talatinit? Ayɣer? **

Yuwi-d ad tettwaru Tmaziɣt s yisekkilen n tlatinit imi tuget n wid yeṭṭfen tarwiḥt i Tmaziɣt, yis-s i tt-uran am Saɛid Bulifa, Mulud Mɛemri... Diɣen i wakken menwala yezmer ad tt-yelmed ad tt-yissin yerna ad tjuǧǧeg ger tutlayin-nniḍen. Tifinaɣ, d agerruj-nneɣ yuwi-d ad t-neḥrez, ur nettakk fell-as afus. Ad teqqim d tamuɣli-w.

**Afran-im, iban deg yidlisen-im, turiḍ-ten s usekkil alatini. Amek yella wassaɣ-im d yimeɣriyen-im. Ttafen iman-nsen d yisental iɣef tettaruḍ neɣ ssuturen-am-d ad asen-taruḍ ɣef wayen nniḍen?**

Di tuget-nsen, ttafen ayen din iman-nsen imi dɣa isental iɣef tezziɣ d wid tettidir tmetti-nneɣ. Wid yettafen iman-nsen s waṭas d iselmaden akked yinelmaden-nsen. Llan wid i d-yessuturen ad aruɣ ɣef kra n temsal maca nekk ttaruɣ ayen yezmer baba neɣ mmi neɣ wiyeḍ ad t-iɣer mebla akukru. Imi akken d-nniɣ, iswi agejdan imi ttaruɣ akken ad naf d acu ara nesselmed deg uɣerbaz. Aɣerbaz, d annar n tmussni d usedwel.

**Massa Dalila Qeddac, tettekka yakan di kra n tmeskanin tiseklanin (isaragen...), mazal neɣ ur tesmenyaf ara abrid-a?**

Ar tura, iswi-w, ad telḥu tira-w deg yiɣerbazen akked ɣer wid iḥemmlen Tamaziɣt. Ma d ayen yeɛnan isaragen, urɛad ahat i iyi-d-tettunefk tegnit. Xedmeɣ kra n yisaragen deg yiɣerbazen ilemmasen ilmend n tefsut n yimaziɣen. Akken tettwasekles tedwilt di tv4 iwumi qqaren Adlis.

**Deg yimeslayen-im, tettban-aɣ-d tugna n tmeṭṭut taqbaylit ilan imenzayen, yeṭṭfen deg yiẓuran d yidles-nneɣ. Amek tessarameḍ ad tili tmeṭṭut taqbaylit neɣ tamaziɣt s umata? Akka tella tura, tgerrez neɣ teḥwaǧ ad tili akken nniḍen?**

Tameṭṭut taqbaylit, d ajgu alemmas. D nettat i d ul n tmetti, ma yeḥbes tudert ad tenger. Yuwi-d ad neṭṭef deg wansayen-nneɣ d wayen iɣef netturebba. Tameṭṭut taqbaylit, d nnif, d lḥerma, d tadukli, d tagmat... S umata d tala n yiḥulfan seg d-ttagmen ama d tarwa ama d atmaten ama d irgazen-nsent (tisednan). Ur ilaq ara ansi d-isuḍ waḍu ad teddu. Ass-a, tameṭṭut taqbaylit tella tella....

**Massa Dalila Qeddac, ****nessen-itt d taselmadt n Tmaziɣt, d tayemmat, d tamarut s yiles aqbayli. Ay-a, d taεkemt fell-as. Ansi d-tettawi tazmert akken ad tettmagar tameddurt d wamek tbeḍḍu akud-is?**

Mačči dayen fessusen akken ad tesdukkleḍ gar-asen, maca amdan mi ara yebɣu kra yesqizzib i wakud akken ad as-yeddu di lebɣi. Imi ma yella wakud, ayen din yeshel. Aṭas n wid i iyi-yettakken afud, gar-asen imawlan-iw d urgaz-iw. Ay iyi-yefkan daɣen tabɣest d assaɣ yellan gar-asen imi yal wa irennu i wayeḍ.

**Acḥal yidlisen (ungalen, tullisin) i turiḍ? Smekti-aɣ-d izwal-nsen i yimeɣriyen s umata.**

Ar tura uriɣ 5 n yidlisen: Tawenza, d ammud n tullisin. Tafat taderɣalt, d ammud n tullisin. Asirem yettwaqecmen, d ammud n tullisin. Aɛwin, d ungal, d netta i d tirmit-iw tamezwarut. Tiqit tiqit ad neččar tabaqit, d ayen i d-leqḍeɣ seg tudrin ideg zedɣeɣ ama d timucuha neɣ d inzan d temseɛraq.

**Anida yezmer ad ten-yaf umdan i tɣuri?**

Idlisen-a, llan ɣur-i. Maca yezmer ad ten-yaf yimeɣri ɣer teẓrigin n Al-Amal neɣ ɣer tnedlist n Cixi.

T**esεiḍ isenfaren nniḍen? I melmi aẓrag-nsen (ma llan)? **

Isenfaren imaynuten ad ilin ma yebɣa Rebbi. D acu, mazal ad ɛeṭṭlen

**Tineggura-a, annar n tsekla taqbaylit, simmal yettnerni. Aṭas n tilawin i d-ibanen deg-s. D acu d tamuɣli-m deg waya? Ama seg yidis n umḍan, ama seg yidis n tɣara n wayen ttarun?**

D ayen yessefraḥen mi ara waliɣ uletma taqbaylit neɣ tamaziɣt deg unnar-a n tsekla taqbaylit! Tuget deg-sent ttarunt ɣef yiḥulfan-nsent d wayen i tent-iceɣben. Ad asent-iniɣ afud igerrzen.

**Ablug-nneɣ "tutlayt-inu" d ilemẓi, yebda tikli, ddac ddac. D acu d tamuɣli-m fell-as d wacu tessarameḍ ad yili deg-s?**

D isem-is i d awal-is! Iban kan d ilemẓi ara yuɣalen d ababat. Ncallah ad yili d tala i d-yessurugen anagar tamussni. Sarameɣ-as ad yennerni ad ijuǧǧeg!

**Ad am-nessuter ad aɣ-d-tiniḍ 3 si tirga n Dalila Qeddac: tamarut, taselmadt, tayemmat. D acu-tent?**

1. Sarameɣ tira-w ad tennerni, ad iliɣ ilmendad n tutlayt-iw!

2. Sarameɣ ad iliɣ d tayemmat ara ibedden ɣef tarwa-s!

3. Sarameɣ inelmaden seɣreɣ, ara seɣreɣ ad awḍen ɣer wayen bɣan. Ad aɣ-d-ttmektayen ala deg wayen yelhan.

**Tutlayt-inu, tessaram-am aṭas n tenkekwit d tumert di tudert-im d twacult-im d waṭas n tebɣest di taɣult n tira akken ad ternuḍ deg umecwar n usebɣer n tsekla taqbaylit.**

Aḥuddu aḥunnu !

**Awal-im n taggara, nebɣa-t d asirem-im s umata.**

Awal-iw n taggara, tanemmirt imi iyi-d-tefkam tagnit-a i wakken ad nesqerdec timsal-a! Sarameɣ tutlayt-nneɣ, ad tekcem deg yal taɣult. Ad as-id-yuɣal wazal i as-ilaqen. Maca azal-a, d nekkni s tarwa-s i d-yuwi ad nbedd fell-as. Yessefk tagmat d tdukkli. Ad farseɣ tagnit-a akken ad dɛuɣ s ccfa i yimuḍan-nneɣ, ad yessifses Rebbi fell-asen aqraḥ.

**Ha-ten-a yimeslayen s wayes tfukk d tdiwennit n tutlayt-inu d tmarut Dalila Qeddac-Cix:**

Afud igerrzen i kečč diɣen a **mass ****Bendali. **Tanemmirt-nwen. Ssarameɣ diɣen talwit d tezmert i **yiselmaden d tselmadin d yimeɣriyen **merra.

Tadiwennit, yexdem-as-tt *Sadaq Bendali*


Targit (asefru)

*Targit*Kecmeɣ di targit ruḥeɣ

Ṭṭafareɣ zyen ur nelli

Γer ṭṭlam ttazzaleɣ

D tafat, wwiɣ-as lebɣi

Di tesraft mi kecmeɣ

Ufiɣ-d iman-iw weḥd-i

*Sḥassfeɣ*

Tarwiḥt-iw ttezmeɣ

Amek teḍra tagi yid-i!

Qqimeɣ d yiman-iw ttnaɣeɣ

Si lbeεd sliɣ i teɣri

Ldiɣ imeẓẓuɣen-iw ad sleɣ

Tasraft tezder di tsusmi

*Sliɣ, la selleɣ :*

A yemma, ttxilem yid-i ddu

Ala kemm ay nesεa

A yemma ddunit d aɣurru

Aki-d seg yir tanafa

Ini-d anwa ara nesεu

Yiwen ur kem-icuba

*A yemma*

Limmer d lmut ad nettu

Xas tejreḥ tasa

Imi d yir ddeεwessu

Turez-ikem mebla snesla

Rruḥ-im tetthuddu

Tezzuzun-ikem am lmuja.

*F.Cebbiri*


Asuddes (tuddsa)

Asuddes, yettili-d s usemlili n sin wawalen akken ad d-fken awal nniḍen s unamek-is. Neqqar-as isem uddis, yettaleɣ s ddeqs n talɣiwin yemgaraden. Isem uddis, yezmer ad yili yeddukkel di tira, am "asɣarsif"; neɣ ferqen yiferdisen-is di tira, am "ibiw n yilef". Ismawen uddisen, nettaf-iten rzan imɣan, iɣersiwen, tuddar, imdanen, aḍḍanen...Asuddes, iḍerru-d akka:

ISEM+ISEM:

- aqesbuḍ (iɣes+abuḍ)

- iles ufunas (iles+afunas)

- fudelɣem (afud+alɣem)

ISEM+TANZEΓT+ISEM:

- Ilmendis (ilem+n+idis)

- akilugram (akilu+agram)

- tuɣmest n temɣart (imɣi, d aserwes)

ISEM+IGLEM (arbib):

- amergu amezdaɣ (agḍiḍ ur nelli d iminig)

- aqelqul azegzaw ( agḍiḍ, amek yettban)

ISEM+AMYAG (amaɣun):

- asɣar ẓiden (imɣi, taɣara-s)

AMYAG+ISEM:

- cuff mejjir (d aḍḍan)

- ẓidelmum (ẓid +lmum!)

ASUDDES S "BU" neɣ "M":

- burekku (bu+rekku, d aḍḍan n yisekla)

- tabuzewwaɣt (bu+azewwaɣ, isem unti, d aḍḍan)

- m teεrurt (m+taεrurt, d isem n uεekki)

- bukeffus (bu+akeffus, d isem n uεekki)

ASUDDES S "AYT" neɣ "AT" - ISMAWEN N TRAKALT:

- Ayt Xelfun (d isem n wedrum di Bumerdas)

- At Dwala (d isem n wedrum di Tizi Wezzu)

- ayt wawal, at wawal (isem n wid iheddren tidet)

- ayt wakal, at wakal (imawlan n wakal)

Tamawt 1:

Deg usuddes s yisem d yisem, yezmer yisem asemmad n yisem ad yili yura s talɣa n waddad amaruz, md: iles ufunas.

Tamawt 2:

Ismawen yulɣen "ayt", ttbeddilen deg waddad amaruz, md:

- Yezdeɣ deg Wayt Xelfun.

Ismawen uddisen, yulɣen s "at", ur ttbeddilen ara deg waddad amaruz, md:

- Usan- seg At Mlikec.


Tilawin n Tiɣilt n Meḥmud, amedya imgerrez n tmeṭṭut taqbaylit

**Izen n Lwennas, ur yettmettat**

Tajmilt ara rreɣ ass-a, ur telli d awal kan maca d ayen yellan d tidet, d sseḥ. D tajmilt i tlawin Tiqbayliyin akken ma llant, anida ma llant, sut nnif d lḥerma. D tin ara iruḥen srid ɣer tilawin n tiɣilt n Meḥmud, di Ssuq n Letnin (Mεatqa), yal ta s yisem-is, yal ta s wazal-is.

**Asirem n Teqbaylit, meqqer**

S lebɣi d usirem meqqren i d-ddant deg umecwar d ubrid n yedles d usnerni-ines. Aɣerbaz-nsent d aɣerbaz n tudert ideg d-wwint tarmit s wacu ttqabalent ddunit.Tulawin-nneɣ ttwalint tilawin i tent-yecban seg tuddar-nniḍen, rrant ad tent-εandent deg wayen xeddment.

**Tezdeg n wulawen, d allal n tezdeg n Tiɣilt n Meḥmud**

S lḥir d ccuq d wannuz i teddunt deg umahil -nsent: tiwizi n usizdeg, tuẓẓut n yijeǧǧigen, asbaɣ d usuneɣ, rrqem, awri...asekfel d uḥraz n tsekla timawin ; icewwiqen d ccnawi n zik...Sduklent iɣallen, msefhament ɣef yiwet tekti d yiwen n wawal.

**Timlilit n tsutwin**

Myennant: "Taddart-nneɣ ad d-tufrar, ad tecbu tudrin-nniḍen s warraw-is, meẓẓiy, meqqer, d argaz neɣ d tameṭṭut, yal yiwen ad d-imudd afus s tazmert-is deg tezdeg d ccbaha n taddart-nneɣ, Tiɣilt-nneɣ, yal tazniqt. yal tamḍiqt ...

**Tadukli i yedles d Tmagit**

" Ma neddukel, nezdi lqedd ad nbedd am udrar n Ǧerǧer, acemma ur aɣ-yettruẓu, ala tissas d lhiba ara d-nettmuddu".

**Taqbaylit di Mεatqa, mačči d awal kan**

"Ma necbeḥ ad d-nefk udem amaynut, ad neddu ɣer sdat deg ttrebga d tmussni, s wakka ad d-nerr i teɣri n mass Ɛisat Rabeh i d-yemlan abrid ara d-yerren azal d yiseɣ i tudrin n Leqbayel.

*Farida Cebbiri*

*I tutlayt-inu*


Amawal: ɣaḍ neɣ ttuɣaḍ

Aṭas n medden, mi ara ttmeslayen, tekksen-as anamek i umyag "ɣaḍ", ttarran deg wadeg-is, anamek n umyag attwaɣ "ttuɣaḍ". Aya, yekka-d seg wakken "ɣaḍ" d amyag yerzan addad (lḥala deg way deg yella walbeεḍ), ur yemmal ara kra n tigawt. Mi ara d-yini yiwen "yettuɣaḍ umuḍin", tafyirt ur teɣdim ara. Tin iṣeḥḥan d ta: yettɣaḍ umuḍin. S yimedyaten kan i nezmer ad negzu, ad nekkes ugur-a.

1**. Mi ara d-nini:**

a- Igellil iɣaḍ Masil, d izri.

b- Igellil ad iɣaḍ Masil, d urmir.

c- Igellil yettɣaḍ Masil, d urmir ussid. 3 tefyar kifkif, am wakken d yiwet. Amyag ur ibeddel ara, temgarad kan tmeẓri.

**2.Mi ara d-nini "Yettuɣaḍ**", iban d Masil i yettuɣaḍen imi iḥuza-t uɣiḍi n yigellil, tḥuza-t liḥala-s.

Ulamek ara ad yili yigellil yettɣaḍ imi d-nenna si tazwara belli "iɣaḍ".

**Taggara n wawal:**

- Igellil iɣaḍ Masil (yerra-t ḥnin fell-as).

- Masil yettuɣaḍ, sɣur yigellil (tḥuza-t liḥal n uɣiḍi n yigellil.

**Di tjerrumt:**

- Amyag "ɣaḍ", d amyag amenzu (verbe primaire).

- Amyag "ttuɣaḍ", d amyag asuddim attwaɣ (verbe dérivé passif)


Imyagen imallalen

Amallal d amyag i nrennu i umyag agejdan (zdat-s) akken ad d-imel akud. Yessebyan-d daɣen talɣa tibawt d wudem. Llan sin yimallalen d igejdanen, nessemras-iten aṭas. Wi d "aɣ" d "ili".

**Imallalen "a****ɣ. ili":**

- Lliɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Tuɣ-iyi qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Tuɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Ad iliɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Ad iyi-taɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Ad taɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Ttiliɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Tettaɣ-iyi qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

- Tettaɣ qqimeɣ di tebḥirt.

**Imyagen imallalen nniḍen:**

Ha-ten-a yimallalen nniḍen, asemres-nsen ur yeggit ara:

- Qqim: Yeqqim yettraǧu ar mi d tameddit.

- Ṭṭef: Yeṭṭef yessenɣel taqecwalt n uzemmur.

- Uɣal: Tessaki-t yemma-s, yuɣal igen.

- Ddu: Tedduɣ ad ffɣeɣ dɣa yebda ugeffur.

- Ezg: Tezga tegguni di tala d tsednan.

- Wwet: Yewwet yettnadi fell-as ur t-yufi.

- Kker: Nekker ad nruḥ, yebda usḥissef.

- Bdu: Yebda la d-iɣelli ugeffur.

Sadeq Bendali


Tasnalmudt: aɣawas n wullis

**Deg wullis, nettaf smuset talliyin (5 yeḥricen), zdint akk ullisen, ttilint ɣef talɣa n uɣawas-a:**

1**. TAGNIT N TAZWARA: **

- Yettili-d deg-s usenked n uwadem agejdan d yiwudam isinanen, adeg, akud.

2. **AFERDIS AMERWAY: **

- Yettbeddil tagnit n tazwara. D tadyant i d-igellun s yineḍruyen d tigawin n wullis. Yettili d timlilit, d tadyant ur nettraǧu ara ad d-teḍru...

3. **INEḌRUYEN neɣ TIGAWIN: **

- D tigawin i iga uwadem agejdan d yiwudam nniḍen n wullis. Gellun-d s umhaz apsikuluji n uwadem agejdan. D tidyanin yettemyeḍfaren, ta tcudd ɣer ta.

4. **AFSAY neɣ TIFRAT: **

- Yis-s i ttfakkant tigawin, d tadyant i d-yemmalen taggara n tmukrist d tifrat-is.

5. **TAGNIT N TAGGARA:**

- Ta, d agmuḍ neɣ d taggara n wullis. Tettili telha, tgellu-d s tumert neɣ diri-tt, tessegray-d asḥissef neɣ yir addad.


Anta i d Lynda Bousellahen?

![](https://scontent-mrs2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/fr/cp0/e15/q65/120077994_1492374544283284_1990506763020194825_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&_nc_sid=32a93c&efg=eyJpIjoidCJ9&_nc_eui2=AeFrOXv5KyeeV4nQMkjEITB_Xxn8RaTC3fdfGfxFpMLd94wRbiCS5gIxrM72ZaY9SW9tfVH-G27U-YmELAZPEGGF&_nc_ohc=jsh4qRbJNX8AX_FizHw&_nc_ht=scontent-mrs2-1.xx&tp=14&oh=817ace45bb9aa6a1d4bf0dd5c2e02733&oe=5F911270)

Xas akken meẓẓiyet di leεmeṛ, iḥulfan d yimeslayen n Linda Buṣellaḥen meqqṛit, weznen u cebḥen.

Di tdiwennit-a, tewwi-aɣ-id awal ɣef wammud-is amenzu n yisefra i d-yeffɣen dduṛt-nni yezrin. D targit i as-yuɣalen d tilawt imi tufa wid i as-yefkan lǧehd n tgecrirt, wid i as-d-yerran azwu i turet.

1-Anta i d massa Lynda Bousellahen?

-Linda Buṣellaḥen tlul ass n 28 deg yebrir aseggas n 1998. D tanelmadt n tmaziɣt deg uswir aneggaru deg uɣeṛbaz unnig n yiselmaden Buzerriεa ; akken teqqaṛ tutlayt taglizit deg ugezdu n tutlayin tijentaḍin deg tseddawit n Bgayet.

Lynda d yelli-s n taddart n Xellil "At Ifser", taɣiwant n Yiberbacen i d-yezgan di Bgayet.D yiwet gar yilmeẓyen i yefkan tagnit i wul akken ad d-yales deg tferkit tacebḥant s yimru-ines .

2- Melmi i d-yeffeɣ wammud-im n yisefra ''Tiram''?

- Yeffeɣ-d wammud-iw n yisefra "Tiram" ass n 08 deg ctembeṛ 2020.

3-Ḥku-aɣ-d amek i tebdiḍ.

- Ahat asefru akken ttwaliɣ nekki mačči dayen ara yebdu umdan s lbɣi-s; d ayen ara d-iduqqen tawwurt s yiman-is.

Cfiɣ ɣef tikkelt tamezwarut imi yendeh yimru-inu s usefru , lliɣ d tanelmadt deg tesnawit deg useggas n ukayad n l'Bac. Yella-d waya tanezzayt deg yennayer 2016, asmi uriɣ asefru. Ass amenzu, ur ẓriɣ ara d akken d asefru! Maca ɣileɣ d kra n uḍris kan akka am wid i uɣeɣ tannumi ttaruɣ. Imi t-id-ɣṛiɣ i yemma, tenna-yi-id yelha yerna aṭas acku asentel-ines qeṛṛiḥ aṭas. Wwiɣ-d deg-s awal ɣef lmut n mmi-s n εemmi "Nadir " fell-as yeεfu Ṛebbi .

4-Ahat tufiḍ wid i kem-yessebɣasen si zik ama di twacult-im neɣ deg uɣeṛbaz?

Di tdiwennit-a, tewwi-aɣ-id awal ɣef wammud-is amenzu n yisefra i d-yeffɣen dduṛt-nni yezrin. D targit i as-yuɣalen d tilawt imi tufa wid i as-yefkan lǧehd n tgecrirt, wid i as-d-yerran azwu i turet.

1-Anta i d massa Lynda Bousellahen?

-Linda Buṣellaḥen tlul ass n 28 deg yebrir aseggas n 1998. D tanelmadt n tmaziɣt deg uswir aneggaru deg uɣeṛbaz unnig n yiselmaden Buzerriεa ; akken teqqaṛ tutlayt taglizit deg ugezdu n tutlayin tijentaḍin deg tseddawit n Bgayet.

Lynda d yelli-s n taddart n Xellil "At Ifser", taɣiwant n Yiberbacen i d-yezgan di Bgayet.D yiwet gar yilmeẓyen i yefkan tagnit i wul akken ad d-yales deg tferkit tacebḥant s yimru-ines .

2- Melmi i d-yeffeɣ wammud-im n yisefra ''Tiram''?

- Yeffeɣ-d wammud-iw n yisefra "Tiram" ass n 08 deg ctembeṛ 2020.

3-Ḥku-aɣ-d amek i tebdiḍ.

- Ahat asefru akken ttwaliɣ nekki mačči dayen ara yebdu umdan s lbɣi-s; d ayen ara d-iduqqen tawwurt s yiman-is.

Cfiɣ ɣef tikkelt tamezwarut imi yendeh yimru-inu s usefru , lliɣ d tanelmadt deg tesnawit deg useggas n ukayad n l'Bac. Yella-d waya tanezzayt deg yennayer 2016, asmi uriɣ asefru. Ass amenzu, ur ẓriɣ ara d akken d asefru! Maca ɣileɣ d kra n uḍris kan akka am wid i uɣeɣ tannumi ttaruɣ. Imi t-id-ɣṛiɣ i yemma, tenna-yi-id yelha yerna aṭas acku asentel-ines qeṛṛiḥ aṭas. Wwiɣ-d deg-s awal ɣef lmut n mmi-s n εemmi "Nadir " fell-as yeεfu Ṛebbi .

4-Ahat tufiḍ wid i kem-yessebɣasen si zik ama di twacult-im neɣ deg uɣeṛbaz?

- Mi ara mmeslayeɣ ɣef tebɣest, ur zmireɣ ara ad d-xedmeɣ umuɣ i kra n yisem iyi-yefkan tallelt deg umecwaṛ-iw n tira i bdiɣ, maca zemreɣ ad d-addreɣ imawlan-iw εzizen i d-yeqqaṛen ayen i txeddmeḍ akka d iseɣ i nekkni d twacult-im akk. D awalen-agi i d afud-iw , d nutni i d-yessaɣen tafat n ubrid-iw. Tin ɣuṛ-s Mass Iftene Tarek, aselmad-iw n tmaziɣt win i yefkan azal i lehduṛ-iw imi i d-asen-yesla tikkelt tamezwarut; yekkes-iyi akukru-nni i yellan yezdeɣ ul, ɣas deg yimru ur yelli .

5-Anwi imedyazen i wumi tḥemmel ad tɣeṛ Linda?

5-Anwi imedyazen i wumi tḥemmel ad tɣeṛ Linda?

Ayen yeεnan imedyazen i wumi i qqaṛeɣ, tamezwarut ur ttarraɣ ara lwelha-w ɣer yismawen , tin yernan ɣuṛ-s, zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ ḥemmleɣ s umata isefra n Ssi Muḥend u Mḥend , isefra n Meεtub , dda Sliman ad asen-yeεfu Ṛebbi , wid n dda Mḥend Djama, rnu ɣuṛ-s Muḥend n At Ɛebdellah atg...

6-Melmi i tettaruḍ isefra-m?

-Deg wayen yerzan akud n tira n yisefra-inu, ur zmireɣ ara ad d-iniɣ ahat sεiɣ yiwet n tamert deg acu i d-yettlal lebɣi-nni n wurar s wawalen, imi ttaruɣ war ma qudṛeɣ akud, neɣ adeg neɣ kra n yisudaf yeεnan aya ! Maca s umata, imru-inu ineddeh i lehdur-nni i iweznen deg yiḍ mi ara yekfu leεyaḍ n wass u tekcem tsusmi n ṭṭlam , d ccbaha n tziri i wumi i zzin yitran . Akka i d nekk , akka i d isefra-inu .

7-Acu n yiḥulfan i d-iɣellin ɣef Linda mi ara tettaru?

-Mi ara tturareɣ s wawalen , neɣ mi ara d-ttmeyewatent tektiwin gar yijerdan n wenyir akken ad d-rsent ɣef yijerdan n walug , aḥulfu-nni yesslalay-d deg-i Linda i iḥemmlen tamedyazt i yettqadaṛen asekkil d yisudaf-is. Deg teswiεt-agi, ahat s wawal d amecṭuḥ i zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ tleddi-iyi-d tewwurt d umaḍal-nniḍen. Ahat akken i t-ḥessbeɣ d araz sɣuṛ bab n yigenwan .

8-Acu n yisental i ɣef d-tettawiḍ isefra-im?

8-Acu n yisental i ɣef d-tettawiḍ isefra-im?

-Isental n yisefra-inu ggten, ur sεiɣ ara kra n yisental i wumi ggiɣ azal ɣef wiyaḍ , maca mi ara d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef wayen ḥemmleɣ nekki, tella tayri , tasertit imi sin n yisental-agi i wumi ttḥussuɣ aṭas , iyi-iqeṛben di kullec. Bla ma ttuɣ daɣen uriɣ ar ass-a ɣef tudert , tamurt...

9-Asefru ''Ad tekfu targit'' εziz aṭas ɣef wul-im, ayen?

9-Asefru ''Ad tekfu targit'' εziz aṭas ɣef wul-im, ayen?

-Asefru "Ad tekfu targit " ḥemmleɣ-t aṭas , mi ara tessleḍ i uzwel ad tḥulfuḍ i unamek; d isem-is i d nnaεt-is. Tamezwarut, yesεa adeg εzizen imi i d-yewwi awal ɣef tayri; asentel i wumi rriɣ azal akken id nniɣ yakan. Rnu ɣuṛ-s taqsiḍt-is ahat ma nniɣ-d teεna-iyi kan, drus .

10-Tettekkaḍ yakan di tfaskiwin n tmedyazt i d-yettilin di Bgayet am tin n Udrar n Fad, neɣ ahat tessarameḍ ad tettekkiḍ?

10-Tettekkaḍ yakan di tfaskiwin n tmedyazt i d-yettilin di Bgayet am tin n Udrar n Fad, neɣ ahat tessarameḍ ad tettekkiḍ?

-Ala, ur ttekkaɣ ara yakan di tfaskiwin ɣas akken sɣawseɣ i waya aseggas-agi imi d tella tegnit, maca ilmend n unfafad "corona" ur yekmil ara wayen i wumi i heggaɣ. Maca, aya mačči d ugur akk! Ma irad uxellaq ad ttekkiɣ tikkal i d-ileḥḥun akken ttekkaɣ yakan deg kra n temzizzlin.

11-Amek i kem-id-tusa tikti i wakken ad d-tjemεeḍ isefra-inem deg wammud-agi?

- Tikti n ujemmuε n yisefa-inu deg wammud-agi ahat tella amzun d targit seg temẓi , maca dayen ur nwiɣ ad awḍeɣ imi d tasdawant i lliɣ. Nniɣ-as aya ad yili mi ara bduɣ aselmed, maca irad uxellaq s lemεawna n uselmad-iw Mass Iftene Tarek win ara snemmreɣ seg wul ɣef wayen akk i d-yexdem ɣef liǧal n wammud-agi. D netta i yefkan azal i lehduṛ-iw, yessnerna tikti neɣ ahat targit-iw yerra-tt d tilawt .

12-Isefra-agi-inem, tesmenyifeḍ ad qqimen kan ɣef tferkit neɣ awi-d ukan win ara ten-yecnun?

- D ayen yessfṛaḥen s waṭas limmer ad d-yaweḍ wass i deg ara waliɣ isefra-inu d tizlit s wayes zhan wussan, neɣ ad as-sleɣ deg yimi n umdan i yefkan taṛwiḥt i wawalen-iw.

11-Amek i kem-id-tusa tikti i wakken ad d-tjemεeḍ isefra-inem deg wammud-agi?

- Tikti n ujemmuε n yisefa-inu deg wammud-agi ahat tella amzun d targit seg temẓi , maca dayen ur nwiɣ ad awḍeɣ imi d tasdawant i lliɣ. Nniɣ-as aya ad yili mi ara bduɣ aselmed, maca irad uxellaq s lemεawna n uselmad-iw Mass Iftene Tarek win ara snemmreɣ seg wul ɣef wayen akk i d-yexdem ɣef liǧal n wammud-agi. D netta i yefkan azal i lehduṛ-iw, yessnerna tikti neɣ ahat targit-iw yerra-tt d tilawt .

12-Isefra-agi-inem, tesmenyifeḍ ad qqimen kan ɣef tferkit neɣ awi-d ukan win ara ten-yecnun?

- D ayen yessfṛaḥen s waṭas limmer ad d-yaweḍ wass i deg ara waliɣ isefra-inu d tizlit s wayes zhan wussan, neɣ ad as-sleɣ deg yimi n umdan i yefkan taṛwiḥt i wawalen-iw.

**13-Ḥku-aɣ-d cwiṭ amek i tferneḍ tiẓrigin-im d wanwa akk i am-d-yefkan afud?**-Afran n teẓrigin-agi ''El Amel" tidet kan lliɣ ur sεiɣ ara ula d tikti fell-asent. Ssawḍeɣ ad tent-issineɣ s tallelt n Mass Iftene Tarek,d netta i iweqqmen assaɣ akken ad d-yali wammud-agi akken daɣ iyi-yefka afud meqqṛen.

14-Anda ara naf ammud-im?

-Ammud-iw ma irad uxellaq ad yili di tnedlisin n bgayet d tizi wezzu d tubiret deg taggara n ctember

15- Acu d isenfaṛen-im akka ɣer sdat di lehna?

15- Acu d isenfaṛen-im akka ɣer sdat di lehna?

-Isenfaṛen-iw ma yebɣa Ṛebbi ɣer sdat, iswi-nsen akk d lebɣi akken ad fkeɣ tagnit i yimru ladɣa imru amaziɣ , ama d asefru, d tamacahut, d ungal neɣ d ayen nniḍen. Yezmer ma irad uxellaq asnulfu i d- ileḥḥun ad yili s tutlayt nniḍen neɣ yezmer s tɣessa nniḍen daɣen .

16-Awal-im n taggara.

16-Awal-im n taggara.

Γer taggara, ad snemmreɣ Uzmir iyi- yefkan afud i waya; tin ɣuṛ-s, imawlan-iw εzizen ad ten-iḥrez Ṛebbi bla ma ttuɣ mass Iftene Tarek ɣef ubeddi-is yidi deg yal asurif i ggiɣ ɣer sdat. Tanemmirt i kemmi daɣen a massa Menza ɣef tegnit-agi iyi-tefkiḍ d kra n win iyi-yefkan afus n tallelt ama s wawal ama s lǧehd-is, s wakud neɣ s wayen nniḍen.

Ssarameɣ awalen n wammud-agi d wid ara yilin deg lebɣi n kra n win i t-yeṭṭfen gar yifassen-is neɣ i yeɣṛan ɣas ciṭ kan seg yijerdan-is .

Tanemmirt .

Ssarameɣ awalen n wammud-agi d wid ara yilin deg lebɣi n kra n win i t-yeṭṭfen gar yifassen-is neɣ i yeɣṛan ɣas ciṭ kan seg yijerdan-is .

Tanemmirt .

Menza IAMRANENE


Tirga n Yemma Ṭaṭa

Imma Ṭaṭa (akka ay as-ssawalen wat taddart) d yiwet n temɣart yesεan ugar n 80 n yiseggasen di tudert-is. Γas yekna lqedd-is, ɣas akken teǧǧa-tt tezmert-is maca mazal lbaṛaka, teṭṭinnig am uεeqqa n ubelluṭ. D nettat ay qublen tuget n yimezdaɣ n taddart. Ayen yellan deg taddart ad tili yid-s, ama d lferḥ ama d lqerḥ.

Tikwal, tettεedday ɣef yixxamen, testeqsay ɣef yimezdaɣ war ma yella kra. Teqqar: Ad nemẓer send ad aɣ-tawi lmut tamcumt. Yiwen wass, deg wussan n Rebbi, tamɣart, tger-d abrid ad terzu ɣef kra n twessarin n taddart, ɣas ulac tin wessren nnig-s.

Tamezwarut iɣef terza, d Nna Lwiza. Ur teqqim ara ɣur-s aṭas maca teswa-d tacrift s tbuεjajin idehnen s zzit n tmurt. Teǧǧa talwit i Nna Lwiza, abrid-is srid ɣer Nna Jaja. Mi tewweḍ ɣur-s tufa-tt tettheggi imekli: tessewway lḥut. Ameslay ifetti gar-asent, iselman ttewwan nnig ukanun.

Mi wwan, tekker Nna Jaja tessaẓ-as tamejlubt-nni n lḥut i Yemma Ṭaṭa, tenna-as:

- Aweɣ ad teččeḍ a Ṭaṭa!

- Tanemmirt-im a Jaja, ur zmireɣ.

- Greɣ-am Rebbi a Ṭaṭa, aweɣ ad teččeḍ!

- Ad iketter Rebbi lxir-im a Jaja. Tura hah ay d-swiɣ lqahwa s teɣrifin ɣer Lwiza.

- Ad kem-iḥaseb, i as- terra Nna Jaja.

Kemmlent akken aqeṣṣer armi slant i lwaseε, tekker Yemma Ṭaṭa teṭṭef abrid n tuɣalin s axxam-is. Azekka-nni mi d-tuki, tuɣal armi d Nna Jaja tules-as targit n yiḍ yezrin. Tenna-yas: Suref-iyi a Jaja! Iḍ yezrin urgaɣ amɣar-im ad fell-as yeεfu yerḥem.

- Yak d lxir.

- Urgaɣ-t yewweḍ-iyi-d ɣer uxxam, yenna-yi-d:

" Wwah a Ṭaṭa!? Tefka-yam-d Jaja lḥut ad yi-t-id-tawiḍ, tugiḍ."

*Murad Γazi*

*Tutlayt-inu*


Tasnanawt n yiḍrisen: aḍris agelman

Aḍris agelman, mmalent-t ddeqs n tsukaz, ha-tent-a:

A. D aḍris ideg i d-yettili uglam n: wadeg, tumast, amdan, taddart, aɣersiw...

B. Anaw-a n uḍris, yessenkad-d umlan ɣef kra n usentel s usmiwer n tsukaz-is.

C. Daɣen, yettḥaz akk isental war tilas, am umezruy, taẓuri, tussna, tarakalt.

D. Seg-s, ameɣri, ilemmed isallen ɣef kra n usentel d wugar n tmussni fell-as.

E. Ulac di tseddarin-is aḥulfu d turdiwin n umeskar. Afran n usentel, yemmal-it-id di tseddart taneggarut.

Tisetratijiyin n tɣuri n uḍris agelman:

- Taɣuri tazerbant (tarurdant) tafessast n uḍris: azwel, igrezwal (intertitres), isummal... Ad gzuɣ ɣef wacu i d-yettmeslay uḍris d yiferdisen iɣef i d-yewwi.

- Ad aruɣ igrezwal.

- Ad nadiɣ awalen arussinen (ur nettwassen ara).

- Ad derreɣ isallen ixataren.

- Ad geɣ (ad rreɣ) awalen-tisura neɣ iwenniten di tama.

- Ad d-afeɣ aɣawas agelman: tazwart, asnefli, tagrayt.

- Ad d-geɣ agzul d ameẓyan n wayen i gziɣ.

*TAΓESSA N UḌRIS AGELMAN:*

__A. TAZWART:__

1. Asentel n usezwer (sujet amené): ad d-ssnekdeɣ asentel s umata, war ma nsmmaɣ-t-id srid. Ad as-sskecmeɣ axemmem i umeɣri war ma fkiɣ-as tiririt.

2. Asentel unkid (sujet posé): ad semmiɣ asentel n uḍris ɣef talɣa n tefyirt tamseɣrut war ma muddeɣ turda-inu

3. Asentel amebḍu (sujet divisé): ad d-fkeɣ tineqqiḍin (iḥricen) n usnefli ara d-yettwabedren deg uḍris.

. Igrezwal: izwal i yettilin ger tseddarin n uḍris.

. Ameskar: win neɣ tin yuran aḍris

. Taɣbalut: d tamkant (tamdint) ideg yettwaẓreg uḍris, aɣmis, tasɣunt, adlis, asmel internet.

__B. ASNEFLI:__

- Yiwet tseddart i uglam: tamezwarut, syin, imir-n, di taggara...

- Ad d-snekdeɣ aḥric seg yiḥricen (si tneqqiḍin) n usnefli...

- Iḥricen n usnefli, sneflayen-d tiktiwin tigejdanin n uḍris.

- Yal aḥric, yebḍa ɣef waṭas yifurkan (sous-aspects) i yesneflayen tiktiwin tisinanin n uḍris.

- Taseddart nniḍen, ad tili i usuddas aḍrisan (organisateur textuel).

- Ad d-mleɣ tamentilt n ufran n usentel-iw s wazal n sin yifukal yelhan iwulmen.

__C. TAGRAYT:__ (yiwet tseddart)

1. Asuddas aḍrisan n tegrayt:

di taggara, ad nfakk s, taggara n wawal.

2. Asmekti:

Asmekti awezlan n usentel ubdir

3. Alday/tullya:

Asirem, asfillet, asteqsi, afakul, awelleh (recommandation)

4. Iferdisen imuɣlanen (éléments visuels) n uḍris agelman:

. Tugniwin, isummal: zemren ad ilin deg uḍris ideg iswi d asegzi n kra n uferdis seg uḍris.

. Azwel:

d tira i yettilin di tazwara n uḍris

Yura-t-id *Sadeq BENDALI*


Asefru: tagmat

Di tmurt itetten arraw-is

Mi bedden ad ččen tiɣrit

Win iqerben ɣur-s

Ala ammus ara yames

Ma yenṭeq-d ad yečč tiɣrit

Ur yezmir yiwen weḥd-s

Anida yedda teεkes

Ma yedda ad yečč tiɣrit

Asɣar si tezdemt yenqes

Wi iεeddan ad t-yeεfes

Ulac tagmat, ad yečč tiɣrit

D tadukli ay nxuss

Gar-aneɣ nettak afus

Ccah, akka ara ntett tiɣrit

D Rebbi i d aεessas

Ad ɣ-yekkes lweswas

Gar-aneɣ ad tezdi tayri

Yal wa ad yeεqel gma-s

Ur yettak afus fell-as

Ur t-yettaǧǧa ad yeɣli

Ad neḍfer abrid n Lwennas

Ad nebnu tamurt ɣef llsas

Nnif-tagmat d tdukli

Ad necbu timura n leǧnas

Tudert ad s-nefk lqima-s

Ma neddukel, nerra-d i teɣri

*Farida Cebbiri*


Aglam n uqewwar n Tizi Lεabed, tawilayt n Tbatent

*Aḍris agelman s Tcawit*

Tizi Lεabed, tesɛa azal n 400 n yimezdaɣ, amur ameqqran deg-sen, d inuwar yiḍ d ifellaḥen. Taqliɛt n Tizi-Lɛabed, d taqdimt tus-d deg tɣiwant n Tizi-Lɛabed tatrart. Tebɛed ɣef temdint n Tbatent azal n 60 n yikilumitren.

Tiddar-nnes tiqdimin skant s uẓru. Abrid-nnes yessewen, yefrurri-d seg ubrid ameqqran. Yebḍa-tt ɣef sen n yiɣiren : aɣir aniji d uɣir aneddi.

Γer umalu, d idurar i as-d-yezzin, ad naf deg-s aslaf, ixef n uyder, irzan... deg-s uxlif sserḥen yudan ixfawen-nsen. Γer unẓul, yella uqewwar n Ijj-qqaḍi d usuf ameqqran.

Γer ugafa, ad naf aqewwar n Umazzer. Γer usammer, ad naf abrid ameqqran d tɣiwant n Tizi-Lɛabed tatrart.

Imir-a, Tizi Lɛabed ssistɛayen deg-s, ttekksen tiddar tiqdimin bac ad ṣkan tiddar-nsen titrarin s ubiṭun, tettqabal-itt-id tɣiwant tatrart uɛan tanmehla dun.

*BUƐLI Xeḍra*

*Taselmadt n tutlayt tamaziɣt*

*tutlayt-inu*


Aserwet ger zik d tura

Aserwet d armud n tfellaḥt yellan akk deg tumura n ddunit, yettili-d deg unebdu mi ara d-megren nneɛma iḥedmen, s unamek nniḍen d ferru n lḥebb ɣef walim. Di tmurt n Marikan, Asya d lber n Luṛuba deg tallit n zik yettili-d s uɛekkaz neǧren i wannect-a s kra n yisefraren ittunefken akken ur ttfeddixen ara lḥebb-nni. Ma nezzi-d ɣer Tefriqt n ugafa, di tmurt n Leqbayel ad d-naf serwaten s tyuga.

Deg tazwara uqbel ad bdun aserwet , ad ḍeṛṛin annar anda ara srewten. Uqbel akk, ad awin leɣbar n yizgaren d waman, s yen ad selɣen tiɣerɣert-nni n urwet, aya-gi ur d-yelli ara kan akka dimi k-qqaren a bab n wawal yezwar-ik bab n wakal, iswi-nsen, mi ara d-yefrari lḥebb-nni ur t-itett ara wakal. Mi ara yenǧer dayen iɣerra, afellaḥ ad iheggi akk allalen s wacu ara yexdem ama (tazzert, timedwasin, tikmamin, tazaglut…).

S yen ɣer-s, ad qqnen tayuga n yizgaren, iɛudiwen… Ad bdun aserwet s ddersa gren daxel n wannar (irden, timẓin…), kra ara yekk wass, afellaḥ ad itezzi deg unnar s tyuga-s, ad yesserwat ddersa, ad itetti, ad iteddu yeqqar: a weɛli nnac nnac, lḥebb-ik iga tirac". Ma llan yid-s wiyaḍ, ad as-d-ṭeggiren nneɛma ɣer tagnit , wiyaḍ ad as-d-ṭṭummun s tmedwasin, akken akken arma sneɣden kra yellan.

Ticki yenɣed mliḥ, ad bdun azuzer neɣ asizdeg, d-yettilin swaswa deg tremt n unezwu, mi ara d-iserreḥ ubeḥri dɣa yettawes-iten deg-s, mi ṭṭfen tazzert ad ttekksen alim ɣer tama, lḥebb-nni izedder. Mi d-yeḥder kfan, llan wid itterran tayuga tayeḍ n tikkelt i wakken ad rnunt cituh, ad alsen azuzer, llan wid ittṣeffin srid tirect, akerfa weḥḥed-s, lḥebb weḥḥed-s. Mi sulin armud-agi, ad ktilen s lgelba s yen ad bḍun nneɛma.

Deg tallit n zik afellaḥ yettawi amur wis semmus, bab n wayla yettawi ukkuẓ n yimuren ma d akerfa beṭṭun d izegnan. Deg taggara n userwet, yella uniwel d ansay i wakken aburket n nneɛma ad yili di yal aseggas i deg t-zerrɛen. Aniwel-agi, yella umgarad si tama ɣer tayeḍ deg tgelwin, wa d seksu n tasilt, wa d ameqful s tmellalin yeslin…

----Deg tallit n tura, aserwet yettili-d s wallalen itraren d tmacinin timikanikin; d tigetwuranin, din tamegra, din aserwet, din asizdeg d ujmeɛ n lɣella. D tin yennerna aṭas deg lqern wis 19. D tidet sifessen taɛkemt ɣef umdan yerna afellaḥ yuɣal yettawi azgen n umur neɣ d adrim, d abaɣur meqqren imi aṭas n ufares id-jamaɛen i wass, tadamsa d tin d-yessekcamen aṭas n tedrimt seg-s. D acu kan seg tama tayeḍ, yessenɣes afus ixeddmen, imi allal atrar ur ixes ara aṭas n yixeddamen akken ad t-selḥun, ayen yeǧǧan trebbawt tegget ladɣa deg yiseggasen-as-agi ineggura. Ansay n uniwel yettwakkes maḍi, d imexḍa kan uɣur d-yeqqim.

*Racidda ƐEMMAR*

*tutlayt-inu*


Timecreḍt n At Weεban

Tasebḥit, at taddart bḍan d igrawen kra ɣer tririt n tregwa akken ad ferqen aman ɣef tebḥirin , wiyaḍ yessnen i tmezla, ɛeddan ɣer uheyyi n tmecreḍt, timezla d ufraq n uksum s umḍan n yimdanen yettidiren di taddart d yinebgawen-nsen , tilawin ssuffuɣent tuččit i teggent deg uxxam am teḥbulin d teɣrifin, ttruḥunt ssrusuyent-tt deg umkan iwumi qqaren “lɣut” neɣ lemqam n Sidi Ḥend Ɛemran aniɣer d-ttasen daɣen yibeṛṛaniyen ɣef taddart ɣer ẓẓyara.

Daɣen ad ḥedren i tmecreḍt imi dinna yakan i tettili tazzla n yidammen d ufraq n weksum zdat n yimezdaɣ akken ma llan , inebgawen i d-yettasen, s tumert d tameqqrant i ten- ttmagaren. Deg wass-agi ad naf irmuden yemxalfen cudden-d ɣer tririt n tregwa am temsikent n yeɛbanen d uẓeṭṭa si tama. Si tayeḍ d ḥeb lemluk d yigumma nniḍen yellan di temnaḍt-a. Γer tmeddit, inebgawen d-yusan, uɣalen ferḥen s zzyara. At taddart, imensi-nsen akk d seksu s weksum n tmecreḍt, am uẓawali am win yesɛan.

Tibḥirin, ur txaṣṣant aman, ad ččarent d izegza. Send kra n yiseggasen i d-tusa tikti n ulday n wulzuz n tlawin i tikkelt tamenzut deg-s ara naf yettnuz kra tga tmeṭṭut taqbaylit : aẓeṭṭa, iɛdilen, iɛbanen, ibernyas... ijeqduren n talaɣt, ifarisen n uyefki n testan d tɣeṭṭen am uguglu d yiɣi d wudi, izegza n tmurt am yifelfel aqerḥan d yibawen d tǧilbant. Igumma am taknisya d yiniɣman d lexrif ifuṛes d ddeffaḥ di tallit-nsen

Aseggas-a, timecreḍt, ur telli ssebba n ukman d lemḥadra ɣef tdawsa n yemdanen. aman uɣalen ɣer tregwa di tsusmi kan.

*Tarek Iftene*

*tutlayt-inu*


Tasensegmit: assaɣen ger uselmad d yinelmaden-is

Aselmad, yelha-as uqerreb ɣer yinelmaden i wakken ad yissin aḥric n tudert-nsen i yuklalen ad t-yessemres i tifrat n yiɣeblan. Deg waṭas tegnatin, iɣeylufen n unelmad neɣ n tnelmadt, ttilin d tiseɣlit zdat-s i usfari deg ulmud-is. Aselmad, ma "yejbed-d" anelmad ɣur-s, d ayen i t-yettallen deg useddu n temsirin-is, aḍfar-nsent d tegzi n yigburen n wahilen n uselmed. Asebɣes n uselmad, yettarra-t irennu deg wussisen d usuffeɣ n tzemmar-is. D yiwen wallal n uḥelli n yiswan n uselmed d ulmud.

Aselmad daɣen, d amdan ay yella, yettḥulfu i yal taɣawsa, yuklal ad yettwagzu ula d netta. Nezmer ad t-nesserwes ɣer tala ansi d-ttagmen yimdanen. Ilaq-asen ad ttagmen seg-s war ma sluɣen-tt. Ma tluɣ tala, tettruḥu tezdeg n waman-is iwumi sran medden di tudert-nsen. Inelmaden, ilaq ad myallen d uselmad-nsen akken ad yessawaḍ ad asen-"yettmuddu" timussniwin i ḥwaǧen ɣur-s. S wakka, ad aẓen yilmuden-nsen akken iwata ɣer zdat d usnefli-nsen.

Tikwal, ttilin kra n yinelmaden ḥemmlen ad d-gen iεekkiren i uselmad-nsen deg urmud n uselmed. Am wid i as-iteggen adɣaɣ deg usebbaḍ. Aya, d ayen i yettuɣalen mgal-nsen acku uguren ttḥazen tilḥin yelhan n temsirin, iswan-nsent d yigmaḍ yetturaǧun. Assaɣen ger uselmad d yinelmaden-is, ilaq ad yili useḥbiber fell-asen akken ad qqimen kan lhan, gerrzen. Ta, d YIWET TSARUT ILEDDIN TIWWURA N TUSSNA D TMUSSNI. Tasarut-a, yessefk-as ad tenneḥraz akken iḥerrez umdan tasarut n uxxam-is.

*S.Bendali*


Tahemza n tazwara d taggara

Tira n yismawen ilan tahemza n Taεrabt "ء":

Ger wuguren i nezmer ad d-nemlil di tira, yella win yerzan afunim "ء" i yellan di tutlayt taεrabt maca ur t-nettaf ara di tutlayt-nneɣ. Imesli-a, isem-is tahemza - الهمزة. Acḥal d amdan i yettnadin ɣef "tifrat"! Acḥal d aselmad n Tmaziɣt i d-yettafen iman-is di tegnit tukmirt, yettḥar kan amek ara yaru ismawen yecban "فؤاد neɣ وفاء"! Wid ilan aswir di tutlayt taεrabt, ssnen belli tahemza, tettrus ɣef yiwen seg yisɣimen "ي ـ و ـ ا" neɣ srid ɣef ujerriḍ. S wakka, nettaf-itt tura: أ ـ ؤ ـئ neɣ ء. Akken teẓram, di tutlayt taεrabt, llan yilugan yerzan tira n themza "ء". Imi nla "taluft" i yettraǧun seg-neɣ tifrat, ad d-nehreg seg-sen, ayen iwumi tesra tutlayt-nneɣ, Tamaziɣt. Di tilawt, ugur, yettilii ladɣa di tlemmast n yismawen. Aql-i dɣa, ad d-ssnekdeɣ isumar i yemmalen amek i yessefk ad nettaru tahemza-a. Ha-ten-aya:

TAHEMZA N TLEMMAST:

1. Tahemza yettarun di Taεrabt ɣef usɣim "y" - ئ , ad tt-nettaru di Tmaziɣt s uzgen-aɣri "y". Imedyaten:

Rayid رائد, Tayir ثائر, Ɛayca عائشة, Wayil وائيل, Israyil اسرائيل, Israyili اسرائيلي. Mixayil ميخائيل.

2. Tahemza yettarun di Taεrabt ɣef usɣim "w" - ؤ, ad tt-nettaru di Tmaziɣt s uzgen-aɣri "w". Imedyaten:

Fuwad فؤاد, Ruwam رؤام, Ɛebd Lmuwmen عبد المؤمن, Rawuf رؤوف, Dawub دؤوب.

3. Tahemza yettarun di Taεrabt ɣef usɣim (ا) - أ + إ, ad tt-nettaru daɣen (am tis 2) di Tmaziɣt s uzgen-aɣri "y". Amedya:

1. Di tilawt, tahemza n tazwara, ulac deg-s ugur imi temmal srid tiɣri: a=أ, i=إ u=أ. Nettaru: Islam إسلام, Usama أسامة, Anisa أنيسة.

2. Tahemza n taggara ɣef ujerriḍ di Taεrabt, tɣelli maḍi (tettwakkas) di Tmaziɣt. Nettaru: Wafa وفاء, Baha بهاء, Baha Ddin بهاء الدين, Xansa خنساء, Bayda بيداء, Tara ثراء, Lamya لمياء, Tana ثناء, Ḍiya ضياء, Ɛala علاء.

Tamawt:

Di tmeslayt n yal ass, yella Ɛebd Lmumen deg wadeg n Ɛebd Lmuwmen akked Ɛica deg wadeg n Ɛayca.

Ssarameɣ ad iliɣ fkiɣ-d tifrat i wugur.

Ameskar: Sadeq BENDALI.


Tutlayin di Lεiraq

Assa, ad d-nawi awal ɣef yiwet tmurt, amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣen-is d Aεraben deg yidammen (80%); mačči am Lezzayer ideg llan azal n 30% ttmeslayen yiwet si tantaliwin n Tmaziɣt; ulamma +94% laṣel-nsen d Amaziɣ. Ha-t-a wayen yuran di tmendawt n Lεiraq n 2005 ɣef tmagit d tutlayin:

AMAGRAD 3:

Lεiraq, d tamurt ideg ggten yiɣerfan d tserḍin (ddyanat), tettekka deg ugraw n yiwunak aεraben (ligue arabe), tqeddec deg-s, teṭṭafar isuḍaf-is; tettekka deg umaḍal ineslem.

AMAGRAD 4:

Tamezwarut: Tutlayt taεrabt d tutlayt takurdit d tutlayin tunṣibin (di snat) n Lεiraq. Iεiraqiyen, yettwaḍmen-asen uzref-nsen deg uselmed n tarwa-nsen s tutlayt n tyemmat am Tturekmanit, Tasiryanit, Tarmanit, deg yiɣerbazen n unabaḍ (aḥric azayez) s yisuḍaf n uḥric n uselmed d usegmi, neɣ s kra n tutlayt nniḍen.

Tis snat: Asemres deg unnar n yirem n tutlayt tunsibt d usnas n umagrad-a, yella deg usaḍuf i igebren:

a. Tuffɣa (tira) n uɣmis unsib s snat tutlayin

b. Ameslay, askasi d usenfali di taɣulin tunsibin am useqqamu n yimazanen (parlement), aseqqamu n yineɣlafen, tinefra (ixxamen n ccreε), iswiren d yigrawen unsiben s yiwet si snat tutlayin-a (Taεrabt neɣ Takurdit)

c. Akk arraten unsiben ara yarun di snat tutlayin-a yesεa azal

d. Alday n yiɣerbazen s snat tutlayin-a s uḍfar n yisuḍaf d yilugan n uḥric n usedwel d uselmed

e. Akk taɣulin nniḍen, ad ssεedlent (di tira) ger snat tutlayin, am yidrimen, arraten tmagit, izegrilasen (passeports), iziwal (timbres).

Sadeq Bendali


Tirawalt: tussda

Tussda, tettwaruy s sin yisekkilen (kif kif) neɣ imesli ussid yettwaruy s sin yisekkilen.

__Imedyaten:__

yeddem - alemmas - imegger - ttuselmed.

## Tussda, nezmer ad tt-nessismel ɣef 4 yiḥricen:

### 1. Tussda n tseftit deg wussiden:

ta, tebḍa ɣef snat taggayin:

a - Tussda n tergalt yellan di talɣa taḥerfit n umyag:

lmed/lemmed, tlemmdeḍ - sel/sell, tselleḍ.

b - Tussda yellan deg umatar i nrennu:

+ ttu neɣ ttwa: seggem/ttuseggem, zdeɣ/ttwazdeɣ.

+ sse, ssu: rwel/sserwel, ffeɣ/ssuffeɣ.

+ mm: els/mmels, ečč/mmečč.

### 2. Tussda n ulugen ɣef teɣra:

Alugen yeqqar-d "ger teɣri tilemt e d teɣri nniḍen a, i, u, e targalt tettili d tussidt".

- ger e d a: yenna, nella

- ger e d i: tenniḍ, telliḍ

- ger e d u: tameddurt!

- ger e d e: medden!

### 3. Tussda n uẓar (n laṣel):

qqim, ddu, mmet, ass, akka, ggall.

### 4. Tussda n talɣa:

(nettaf-itt di kra n yismawen n umeskar, tusa-d si tutlayr taεrabt)

- mdeḥ/ameddaḥ

- xdem/axeddam

- gzer/agezzar

*Sadeq Bendali*


Tasnalmudt: asenfar d tgezmin

1.ASENFAR:

Asenfar, d allal asnegman ideg yettekkay unelmad s timmad-is s tigawt d unadi, akken ad yebnu, ad ireṣṣi timussniwin. Ay-a, yettili-d ladɣa, s wahil n yirmad i iteggen azal i wassaren n unelmad d wayen iɣer yettmal neɣ i iḥemmel. S usenfar, aqcic (neɣ taqcict), yettizmir ad. yexdem kra s yiman-is, s tzemmar-is. Asenfar, yettili fell-as umsegzi si tazwara, aḥric deffir wayeḍ. Anelmad, yettekkay deg yirmad-is yemgaraden segmi ara bdun alamma kfan (taggara-s). Ayen igerrzen aṭas deg-s, d axdam n unelmad nen n tnelmadt s tayri d tumert deg yirmad-is. Tamentilt n waya, tettekk-d seg wakken, asenfar, yeqqen ɣer wayen yellan di twennaḍt-is d wayen ilan azal ɣur-s.

S wudem amatu, asenfar, xeddmen-t yinelmaden deg ugraw. Ttemyallen deg-s akk akken llan, d tagnit i yal yiwen akken ad yessenfali s tmussniwin-is d tzemmar-is. Asenfar asnegman, yezmer ad yili di yal iswiren n uselmed seg uɣerbaz amenzay alamma d tasdawit. Isenfaren, ttḥazen aṭas n yisental. Tignatin n useḍru n yisenfaren, d aɣerbaz, tiwaculin, timetti d yiɣsuren izuyaz yemgaraden.

2. TAGZEMT:

Tagzemt n ulmud neɣ tagzemt tasnegmant, d tagrumma n tmussniwin i yeṣka uselmad i tessewjed i yinelmaden-is akken ad ssiwḍen ɣer kra n yiswi yettujerrden si tazwara n usenfar, asenfar i yebḍan d tigezmin.Di taggara n tegzemt, yettaweḍ unelmad ad ili aṭas n tzemmar.

Tagzemt, tegber aṭas n tedwilin (temsirin). Ttilint seggment, cuddent gar-asent. Yal yiwet tesεa iswi-nnes, terna tesεa assaɣ d yiswi n tegzemt agejdan. Di tedwilin n tegzemt, ttilin ddegs n yirmad: taɣuri, amawal, tajerrumt, tirawalt, taseftit, afares iraw... Tagzemt, d aḥric seg usenfar. Asenfar, igebber ddeqs n tgezmin, snat, kradet, ukkuẓet...


Tismin: d taɣara neɣ d aṭṭan!

Tismin, ur d-ttawint ayen yelhan ama i bab-nsent, ama i win iɣef llant. At tismin, ttnadin ad sxerben, ad cemmten, ad hudden ayen ur zmiren ad awḍen ɣur-s neɣ ad t-xedmen nitni.

Tismin, qqazent deg wulawen iberkanen n wid ur nḥemmel i wiyeḍ: ad icbiḥen, ad amren, ad issinen, ad banen, ad sεun... Tismin, d tiderɣalin, ssekcament iman-nsent deg wid d wayen yexḍan bab-nsent.

Tismin, ssawaḍent ɣer tzelgi d truẓi. Γur-sent: ma yelha kra, ad yuɣal diri-t; ma iseggem kra, ad t-rrent yexser; ma iban-d kra, ad t-ffrent... Wissen ma yella usafar yesseḥlayen imuḍan n tismin nen ulac!

Qqaren medden daɣen, llant tismin yelhan. Ti, win i tent-ilan, yessemras-itent akken ad yali uswir-is di tezrawin, amahil, addal, ayla, tahuski... Maca, annect-a, yezmer ad yili d tidet ma ulac tebrek n wulawen.

Sadeq Bendali


Tafriqt n unẓul: 11 tutlayin tunsibin

*Snat, d "timellalin", 9, d "tberkanin"*Deg wussan yezrin, niwi-d awal ɣef tutlayin tunsibin deg yiwet n tmurt n Turuft (Europe) - d Swis - d usemres-nsent di yal taɣulin n tudert; assa ad d-nessukk tiḍt ɣef yiwet n tmurt tanesbaɣurt n umenḍaw-nneɣ i yeffɣen seg uzaglu n meḥyaf "appartheid" deg useggas n 1996. D Tafriqt n wenẓul, tamurt n uzamul ameqqran n talsa Nilsun Mandila.

Tamurt-a, d tagduda yebḍan ɣef 9 temnaḍin (9 provinces), yal ta, tesεa anabaḍ-is amnaḍan d ubarlaman-is. Deg uswir aɣelnaw, yella uselway ufrin, anabaḍ aɣelnaw (lḥukuma n tmurt) d ubarlaman aɣelnaw. Tafriqt n wenẓul, deg-s azal n 60 yimelyunen n yimezdaɣen. 80% deg-sen d iberkanen, +8 % d imellalen, 2,5% si Asya (Lhend) ma d 9% nniḍen d uxliḍen.

Deg wayen yerzan **tutlayin tunsibin** di 9 temnaḍin, yal tamnaḍt, tesseqdac ma drus snat: a/**tutlayt** tunsibt tamnaḍant **b/tutlayt** tunsibt taɣelnawt (d Taneglizit neɣ d Tafrikanest). Tutlayin tinaṣliyin d ti: Tazulut, Taxhusant, Tasabindat, Tandibilt n Tranesbal, Tasutut n Ugafa, Tasutut n Unẓul, Tatsungat, Taswatit.

I usmeki d uwelleh, tasertit n **tutlayin** di tmurt-a tcuba tin n Swis maca di Tefriqt n unẓul, amḍan-nsent, meqqer aṭas. Ta, d yiwet n tmentilt i yerran ttbanen-d ddeqs wuguren d yemgirden gar-asent, deg unnar. Imussnawen, ssḥissifen ɣef waya, qqaren lemmer yelli umḍan ddaw n wakka, ahat ad tili tegnit tgerrez aṭas. Annect-a akk, yessaweḍ armi d-ttifrirent kan tutlayin iǧehden am Tneglizit d Tefrikanest.

*Sadeq Bendali*


Tasenzikt: tizamugin n Yimaziɣen di Lezzayer

Aṭas i d-yeqqaren, ttwabnant d tajmilt i yimdanen ummiten at wazal ameqqran am yigelliden inebḍen tigeldiwin timaziɣin yeffɣen ɣef-Yirumanen di talliyin-nni. Yal tazamugt, teṣka s uẓru ɣef yiwen udasil (adda) amkuẓ, simmal tettali s igenni alamma tuleɣ, tga am tqubbet. Yal yiwet si tzamugin n Frenda, tegber yiwet neɣ aṭas texxamin. Tin meqqren akk gar-asent, tla 20. Ger texxamin, llan yizrugen i yettawin ɣur-sent; ma d kra seg-sent lant igadiren (udekkanen i yiɣimi). Ahat, ttwaxedmen i tẓallit. Tiwwura tigensanin (n daxel), zewwqent s kra n talɣiwin timensayin d tfelwiyin yunɣen s tegnatin n ugmar (aṣeyyed) neɣ s yiɣersiwen. Annect-a akk yessenfalay-d ɣef tudert di talliyin n zik.

Imussnawen, nnan-d d akken d tigi i d tizamugin tineggura i yemmuggen send anekcum n Waεraben d tneslemt ɣer Tmazɣa. Tiqubbtin timeqqranin nniḍen, akk zwarent Ijeddaren n Frenda: Amedruz (monument) anemmid n Imedɣasen, tebna di tsut tis 3 send talalit n Ɛisa; Aẓekka n Ugellid amaziɣ yesdukklen Tamazɣa, Masensen, yeṣka di tsut tis snat send talalit n Ɛisa; ma Taqubbet tagellidant n Tamuriṭanit tebna di tsut tamezwarut send talalit n Sidna Ɛisa.

Ijeddaren n Frenda, armi d tasut tis 19, di tallit n umnekcam afransis i yebda fell-asen unadi ussnan. Aṭas i ixesren, i idermen seg-sen. Di tallit n uzarug, deg useggas n 1969, kelsent tzamugin n Frenda di tgemmi taɣelnawt n uɣluf n yidles. Yeggra-d ad rnunt ad kecment di tgemmi tamaḍlant n UNESCO. Ammas aɣelnaw n unadi azarmezruyan (CNRPAH), yessewjed akaram i yiswi-a.

*fr.m.wikipedia.org*

*afp agence, yettuzuzer ass n 15/01/2019*

**Sadeq Bendali**


Taseftit: timeẓra n umyag

Amyag yezmer ad yesεu smuset (5) talɣiwin

yemgaraden deg unamek s wassaɣ d wakud neɣ d tegnit n tiḍri n tigawt. Yal ta neqqar-as timeẓri. Ha-tent-a tmeẓra:

- URMIR: yemmal tigawt taḥerfit

- URMIR USSID: yemmal tigawt yettalsen (yettεawaden) neɣ ɣezzifen.

- IZRI: yemmal yezrin, yeḍran yekfa.

- ANAḌ: yemmal asendeh ɣef tigawt taḥerfit.

- ANAḌ USSID: yemmal asendeh ɣef tigawt yettalsen neɣ ɣezzifen.

Imedyaten:

- Urmir: ad yawi, ad nekcem, ad teqqim...

- Urmir ussid: yettawi, nkeccem, tettɣima...

- Izri: yewwi, nekcem, teqqim, ssneɣ, tuliḍ...

- Anaḍ: awi, kecmet, qqimemt, issin, alit ...

- Anaḍ ussid: ttawi, keccmet, ttissin, ttalit...

Tamawt:

Izri d wurmir ussid sεan snat talɣiwin: talɣa tilawt d talɣa tibawt. Yal wa yettili d ILAW neɣ d IBAW.

a- Izri ilaw: yuder, yegzem, yella.

b- Izri ibaw: ur yudir, ur yegzim, ur yelli.

a- Urmir ussid ilaw: yettader, igezzem.

b - Urmir ussid ibaw: ur yettader, ur igezzem.


Tifert (n temsirt)

Tifert, d yiwen warrat seg warraten i yessemras uselmad (neɣ taselmadt) deg umahil-is aɣurbiz. Temmal-as d acu ara yexdem d yinelmaden-is mi ara asen-yessenked tamsirt n kra n urmud di tneɣrit. Tifert, tegber azwel, tibuda, tisemlilin.

Aselmad, yessefk ad iheyyi tifert n temsirt send anekcum-is ɣer usmil. Yessewjad-itt qbel ad yemlil d yigerdan i yesselmad. S wakka, yeẓra iswi i ijerred akken ad yaweḍ ɣur-s yid-sen d tmussniwin ara awin neɣ ara reṣṣin deg wallaɣen-nsen. Umlan i yellan di tifert, ilaq ad ilin ṣeḥḥan, ttwagmen-d (ttwaddmen-s) si teɣbula iṣeḥḥan, yebnan ala ɣef tidet.

Agbur n tifert, yessefk ad yili, iban, yefra, yeshel i uḍfar sɣur aselmad. Allal-a, yettili-as d amεiwen i usedfu n temsirt di tegnit igerrzen, war kra n wugur. Daɣen, yettal-it deg usnerni n tektiwin i yettembeddal d yigerdan-is. S wakka, i yettaweḍ lebɣi-s di temsirin, irennu wazal-is ɣer yinelmaden-is.

*S-BENDALI*


Ameslay agrudan

**Ameslay n yigerdan n yicawraren**

Segmi ara d-ilal ugrud, simmal igemmu, yettimɣur, yettnerni di tfekka d wallaɣ. Si tazwara, yessen ad iḥerrek ifassen-is d yiḍarren-is war ma yeẓra anamek n yimussuten-is. Yessen ad yettru ma yebɣa kra, ladɣa akken ad yeṭṭeḍ. Cwiṭ cwiṭ, ad tafeḍ yettlaεi, yessawaḍ ad d-yini kra n yimesla ifessasen. Imalasen d wayyuren, zerrin dɣa ad as-tselleḍ yeqqar-d kra n tsawalin. Send ad yissin awalen ummiden, ilemmed akked yimarawen-is (yemma-s d baba-s) ismawen n tɣawsiwin.

Di tmetti taqbaylit, tiwaculin ssifsusent awalen akken ad as-yishil ulmud i umeẓyan. I lmend n waya, yella umawal agrudan (n yicawraren) yettwassen akk di Tmurt** n Leqbaye**l; xas akken yezmer ad yili wemgired d afessas si temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍ. A-ten-a dɣa kra n yimedyaten seg umawal agrudan n

*: mama - baba - nanna - qaqqa - cacca - dadda - jajja - bwabwa - beεbeε - deεdeε - miεεu - beεεu - feffu - lellu - čečču - memmu - bucu - deddi - xexxi - titi - xxuc - mmaḥ - bbaḥ - ddac - baxxac - hemma...*

**Teqbaylit***Sadeq Bendali*


Tamurt n Swis: 4 tutlayin tunsibin

Asikked ɣer wazal yettunefken i **tutlayin** d uɣerbaz di tmura d yiwunak n umaḍal, yezmer ad aɣen-d-yefk tikti ɣef wayen i ten-yessawḍen ɣer tenkelwit d usfari. Assa, ad d-nutlay ɣef yiwet si tmura n Turuft (Europe). Ta, d tafidiralit n Swis i d-yezgan ger Almanya, Fransa, Ţalyan d Licenctayen.

Tamurt-a, d **tamurt** n talwit yerwan, yegguman ad tettekki deg useqqamu n Turuft neɣ tarbeεt n URU, xas akken tella di tlemmast n umenḍaw. Swis, deg-s 26 ikantunen (igezda), zedɣen-tt azal n 9 yimelyunen n yemdanen. Azal n 64 % d Ijirmanen(almaniyen) n lasel, 20% d Ifransawalen, 8% d Iṭalyanwalen, 0,6 % d Irumanen. Akked warraw n tmurt, llan azal n 9% yiminigen i yettidiren di Swis, yal wa s tutlayt-is. Di tmendawt n 1999, yersa **"tafidiralit taswisit,** deg-s **4 tutlayin tunsibin".**

Deg wayen yerzan tadbelt, taɣdemt, d tsudda n tmurt, ssexdamen 4 tutlayin akk, deg warraten unsiben. Kra n lkaɣeḍ (arrat unsib) ara yettwaxedmen ama, deg uxxam n tɣiwant, di tbanka, neɣ deg uɣsur n unabaḍ (n lḥukuma) nniḍen, ilaq ad yaru s 4 **tutlayin tunsibin**. Deg yiseqquma n uwanek n unabaḍ d useqqamu n uparlaman, yal wa, yesεa azref ad yemmeslay s tutlayt-is neɣ tin i as-yehwan (si 4). Ulac win ara as-yinin "ma fhemt-kc", akken qqaren daki ɣur-neɣ.

*TUTLAYIN DEG UΓERBAZ:*

Yal akantun, yessexdam tutlayt-is tunsibt, irennu ma drus yiwet tutlayt nniḍen (d tis 2). **Tutlayt talmanit **sselmaden-tt di temnaḍin akk (26 ikantunen). D nettat i ttmeslayen ugar n Yiswisiyen, azal n 2/3.

- Tafransist, qqaren-tt deg yikantunen akk ḥaca Grizuns (Grizons).

- Taneglizit i yellan d taberranit, seg wakken tla azal ameqqran di ttiknulujit d tussniwin, sselmaden-tt di temnaḍin akk, anagar di Tessin (tamnaḍt isuman Ṭalyan).

- Di temnaḍt-a n Tessin dɣa, yettuḥettem fell-asen ad sslemden **tutlayin tunsibin** akk.

* Arraw n tmurt n Swis, ferḥen s tmurt-nsen ttcaxen yis-s. sεan akk izerfan-nsen, ur yelli maḥyaf gar-asen. Ulac win ara k-yinin nekk d "aṭalyan" neɣ "d afransis" neɣ d "ajirmani". Xas akken, amur ameqqran deg-sen, lasel-nsen d almaniyen maca ur ak-qqaren ara nekkni d almaniyen. Qqaren akk nekkni d Iswisiyen, tamurt-nneɣ d **Swis.**

*Sadeq Bendali*


Aktawal

## **D acu d aktawal?:**

Aktawal d awalen akk itezzin i yiwet tekti neɣ yiwen usentel. Mi ara nebɣu ad d-nefk aktawal n kra usentel, ilaq ad d-nini akk awalen i nezmer ad d-nebder ma nutlay-d fell-as. Qqaten-as daɣen iger amawalan. Ha-ten-a kra n yiktawalen:

**Aɣerbaz:**

Iselmaden, inelmaden, idlisen, anemhal, tizmamin, tafelwit, tasenbert, timsirin, addal, Tamaziɣt, tangiwin, tanedlist, tadbelt, tazeqqa n yisemmaden, iluɣma, asnas, tira, taɣuri, unuɣen, isenfaren...

**Tagrest:**

Asemmiḍ, adfel, ageffur, isɣaren, aseḥmu, agris, ameččim, isaffen, anfal n wasif, isyaxen, aḍu, azayeḍ, iɣezran, aqajjer, tisiwanin, iceṭṭiḍen, iqeffazen, adari, tasdarit, azemmur, tirmegt (rrεud), asigna, usem (lebraq), igenni...

**Tameɣra**:

Seksu, lḥenni, tislit, asensi, ticriḥin, abernus, tiɣratin, iḍebbalen, ccna, imneggfen, imeεraḍin, tiwaculin, lqehwa, takerrust, ijeǧǧigen, tilawin, acebbeḥ, taqendurt, amendil, arrac, isli, tamɣart, bab n tmeɣra...

*Sadaq Bendali*

*https://sadbendali.blogspot.com/2020/10/aktawal-aktawal-d-awalen-akk-itezzin-i.html*


Mansouri Ḥabib Llah, amaru, amaswaḍ n tutlayt tamaziɣt

**Ad ḥemdeɣ Uzmir imi ssawḍeɣ ad aruɣ wa ad snulfuɣ s tutlayt i yefren wul-iw.**

*Ḥabib Llah Mensuri, d amaru d amaswaḍ n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Yeqqar, yettaru,n yessuqul, yettnadi . Yettwali ɣer sdat ; yekkat amek ara. yesnerni amḍan n yimeɣriyen-is s 3 titlayin. Izen-is iban: d almud n Tmaziɣt neɣ ɣef Tmaziɣt xas tutlayt nniḍen. Yezga yessaram ad yaweḍ akk ɣer wid yettutlayen tantaliwin timaziɣin d wid yeffuden tamussni ɣef tutlayt n Mulud At Mεemmer.***Anwa-t Habib-Allah Mansouri ?**

Luleɣ-d deg temdint n Wehran ass n 09 seg furar 1968. Lasel-iw, seg temnaḍt n Wat Ɛidel, seg Yijeɛfer (Ǧaɛafra) deg twilayt n Burǧ Buɛrariǧ. Sɛeddaɣ temẓi-inu armi d aseggas n 1992 deg temdint-agi ideg ɣriɣ, armi d-wwiɣ agerdas n lissens deg Umezruy seg tesdawit n Ssinya. Ruḥeɣ-d sakin ɣer tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri, ɣer ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles imaziɣen akken ad kemmleɣ leqraya-inu.

**Xas akken tekkreḍ-d di temdint taεerbawalt (Wehran), tḍefreḍ tizrawin n Tmaziɣt, d acu i k-iwellhen tuɣeḍ taɣult-a? **

D tidet, kkreɣ-d deg temdint n Wehran, tamdint taɛerbawalt, maca amahil-inu ɣef Tmaziɣt din i yebda uqbel tisin-inu ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel. Mi lliɣ d anelmad asdawan, mlaleɣ-d wid yessefraken tiddukla « Numidya ». Lliɣ gar wid i tt-yesbedden s wudem unsib, am wakken lliɣ d amaray amatu n tiddukla-agi. Deg temdint n Wehran daɣen i ssneɣ Kamal Nait-Zerrad d Ḥaman Ɛebdellah (ad fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem), lliɣ daɣen d amaray amatu n tiddukla « asirem ». Gar tacciwin, amagrad-inu amezwaru ɣef Tmaziɣt, yeffeɣ-d deg tesɣunt n tiddukla-agi « Tidmi tamirant », maca deg tallit-nni tuɣ-iyi ttaruɣ s Taɛrabt. Tazrawt n umezruy teldi-iyi allen-iw ɣef temsalt n timmuzɣa. Ihi, ulac acu i yessewhamen ma ḍefreɣ abrid n Tmaziɣt.

**Amek i tkecmeḍ annar n tira?**

Am wakken i am-d-nniɣ, amagrad amezwaru i uriɣ yeffeɣ-d deg tesɣunt « Tidmi tamirant » s tutlayt taɛrabt. Mi kecmeɣ ɣer tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri, uriɣ aṭas n yimagraden i d-yewwin ɣef umezruy i d-yeffɣen deg yiɣmisen yellan deg yiseggasen n 1990, amedya « Le Pays ». Maca ayen yerzan tisuqilin, bdant seg tazwara n yiseggasen n 2000 s tsuqilt n « Ageldun amecṭuḥ » n Antoine de Saint-Exupéry d « Tamilla » n Ferdinand Duchêne, seg tallit-nni ur ḥbiseɣ tira.

**Acḥal yedlisen i turid? Mmeslay-aɣ-d fell-asen.**

Llan yidlisen i uriɣ, llan wiyaḍ d tasuqilt kan i asen-xedmeɣ. Amur ameqqran n wayen i d-ssuffɣeɣ d tasuqilt. Ad bedreɣ kra seg-sen kan : ayen uriɣ, « La Kabylie dans les écrits français du XIXe siècle », adlis-agi deg tilawt d tazrawt i xedmeɣ deg tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri akken ad heyyiɣ agerdas n Majister deg tɣerma tamaziɣt ; « Adlisfus ameẓyan i uselmed n tmawalt deg uswir alemmas » i d-yeffɣen ɣer tezrigin « Tira ». Ayen i ssuqleɣ bḍan ɣef sin n yiḥricen : aḥric amezwaru seg tefransist ɣer taɛrabt : « Imaziɣen ass-a » n Salem Chaker, d « Introduction à la littérature berbère » n mass Haddadou (ad fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem) ; aḥric wis sin seg tefransist d taɛrabt ɣer tmaziɣt : ugar n wid i d-bedreɣ iwsawen, ad bedreɣ « adraw » (Le Banquet) n Mɛemmri ; « Tiɣermin yemmeččen » d « Igefran n wureɣ » n Sari Mohammed ; « Leɛzib n yiɣersiwen » (La ferme des animaux » n Georges Orwell ; deg wussan-agi ineggura, kfiɣ tasuqilt n wungal n Lynda Chouiten « Roman des Pôv’Cheveux » (Ungal n Anẓaḍmeɣbun », am wakken heyyaɣ yiwet n tesniremt n umezruy s Tmaziɣt (terminologie d’histoire »…

**Tasuqilt teṭṭef azal axatar deg yimuhal-ik, ssegzi-aɣ-d tamentilt n waya. **

D tidet, d tasuqilt i yeṭṭfen amur ameqqran n umahil-inu. Tamentilt n waya ɣur-i, ur nezmir ara ad nemmeslay ɣef uselmed n Tmaziɣt ma ur nufi ara deg tnedlisin idlisen d wungalen yuran s uɣanib ifazen s tutlayt tamaziɣt ; d tagnit daɣen s wayes nezmer ad neldi tiwwura n Tmaziɣt ɣef Wayeḍ. Ayen yerzan tasuqilt n yidlisen n umezruy s Tmaziɣt, urǧin ad naweḍ ad nesmuzzeɣ tizrawin tisdawanin ma ur yufi ara unelmad idlisen deg taɣult-agi uran s Tmaziɣt.

**Telliḍ yakan d aselmad, tuɣaleḍ d amaswaḍ. Mmeslay-aɣ-d ɣef snat termitin-a d wassaɣ i yellan gar-asent. **

Kecmeɣ ɣer uselmed deg useggas n 1993, lliɣ d aselmad n umezruy d trakalt deg tesnawit, umbaɛd unekcum n Tmaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz, uɣaleɣ d aselmad n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg useggas n 1995 deg tesnawit « Ɛamiruc » deg temdint n Tizi-Uzzu. Sin n yiseggasen umbaɛd, ufiɣ iman-iw d aselmad deg uswir alemmas anda qqimeɣ azal n 16 n yiseggasen, uɣaleɣ sakin d amaswaḍ deg useggas n 2010.

Ilaq ad teḥsuḍ d akken aselmed n Tmaziɣt deg yiseggasen-ines imezwura yewɛer mačči d kra : aẓayer n uselmad d tanga i yesselmad ur iban ara, d tanga tanufrant (facultative) ; ulac ahilen unsiben ; ulac isemliyen isnalmuden. Aselmed n Tmaziɣt, deg tallit-nni, d acqirew !

Assaɣ yellan ger uselmed d tesweḍt iban, d tirmit-inu i kesbeɣ deg uselmed i ttaɛraḍeɣ ad ssiwḍeɣ i yiselmaden yellan deg wannar.

**Assa, aselmad n Tmaziɣt, yettidir ddeqs n wuguren; swayes i yessefk ad frun? D acu i itegg umaswaḍ akken ad as-yefk afus n tallelt? **

Uguren n uselmad n wass-a mgaraden ɣef wuguren i d-mmugren yiselmaden n Tmaziɣt imezwura. Iselmaden n Tmaziɣt ass-a, akken ma llan ur sɛin ara uguren inedbalen, ttwaḥesben am nitni am yiselmaden niḍen. Ayen yerzan asileɣ, d tidet, ttmagaren aṭas n wuguren imi tasdawit (agezdu n tutlayt tamaziɣt) urɛad yewwiḍ ad yessuffeɣ amkil i yeḥwaǧ uselmed n Tmaziɣt, dagi i tettbin temlilt n umaswaḍ : aneḍfur n uselmad deg wannar d usileɣ-ines.

**Yella wacu tettheyyiḍ ɣer sdat (isenfaren) ? **

Imir-a, ɣur-i yiwen n usenfar ara iyi-yeṭṭfen ma ulac maḍi semmus neɣ seddis n yiseggasen : tasuqilt n « Amezruy n Yimaziɣen » n Ibn Xeldun ɣer Tmaziɣt.

**D anwi ay d imeɣriyen n yidlisen-ik? D wid yellan kan di taɣult n Tmaziɣt neɣ llan wiyaḍ? **

Amur ameqqran n yimeɣriyen-inu, d wid yellan yakan deg wannar n Tmaziɣt, maca ayen i d-ssuffɣeɣ s Taɛrabt d Tefransist, iḥuza azayez niḍen. Asmi teffeɣ tsuqilt n Salem Chaker « Imaziɣen ass-a », faqeɣ d akken imaziɣen n temnaḍin niḍen n tmurt (Icawiyen d Yimẓabiyen) ur ufin ara acu ara ɣren ɣef Tmaziɣt, imi idlisen yerzan taɣult-agi uran deg tuget-nsen s Tefransit.

**Anida zemren yimeɣriyen ad afen idlisen-inek? .**

Kra n yizwal kan i nezmer ad d-naf deg tnedlisin am Multichikh d "L'Odyssée". Wiyaḍ, kfan.

**Mass Mensuri, yeqqar, yessen akken iwata 3 tutlayin. Anta seg-sent i ɣer yettaẓ wul-is ugar? D Tamaziɣt, d Taεrabt neɣ d Tafransist**

Tettunefk-iyi tegnit ad lemdeɣ kraḍet n tutlayin-agi, yal tutlayt s wazal-is, rnu, am wakken i d-yenna Ferhat Imaziɣen Imula deg yiwet seg tuɣac-ines « Tutlayin, am yimdanen, kif-kif-itent deg uzref ; d tafat i yeskanayen abrid i yal aɣref ». Maca ma nuɣal ɣer tin n wul, tban tririt : d Tamaziɣt ! Ad ḥemdeɣ Uzmir imi ssawḍeɣ ad aruɣ wa ad snulfuɣ s tutlayt i yefren wul-iw, ur iyi-teḍri ara am umaru ameqqran Malek Heddad, i yerẓen imru-ines, yeḥbes tira s tefransist imi d Taɛrabt i yesmenyif, maca netta ur yessaweḍ ara ad yelmed tutlayt Taɛrabt.

**Amek tettwaliḍ aselmed n Tmaziɣt gar yiḍelli (iseggasen imezwura) d tura? Amek ara yili deg yimal (tamuɣli-k)? **

Iswan n uselmed n Tmaziɣt deg yiseggasen-ines imezwura mgaraden mliḥ ɣef wid n tura. Deg yiseggasen imenza, iswan n uselmed d asidef n tutlayt deg unagraw asnalmudan azzayri, d tukksa seg wallaɣ n yicenga n tmaziɣt tikti-nni i d-yeqqaren d akken tamaziɣt urǧin tezmer ad tili d tutlayt tussnant s wayes nezmer ad nesɣer. Sin n yiswan-agi, newweḍ ɣur-sen. Maca tura acqqirew i yettganin tamaziɣt, d asdukkel-ines d usetrer-ines. Ahilen unsiben n tmaziɣt ur d-ddin d yiswi-agi.

Ur zmireɣ ara ad mmeslayeɣ ɣef yimal n uselmed n tutlayt-agi skud ur nesɛi ara iswan ibanen.

**Taggara-a, yettunefk-ak warraz ɣef tsuqilt i tgid i udlis n M.A Ḥaddadu, si tutlayt tafransist ɣer Taεrabt. Acu d aḥulfu-ik? "Tutlayt-inu", la k-tesnemmir, la ak-teqqar mebruk. Acu n tmentilt i k-yeǧǧan ad t-tessuqleḍ ɣer tutlayt n Taεrabt send Tamaziɣt? **

Tanemmirt ɣef usebɣes. Ayen yeɛnan timental yellan deffir n tsuqilt-agi ɣer Taɛrabt, hedreɣ fell-asent yakan, maca ad asen-d-alseɣ akken niḍen : tamentilt tamezwarut, d asufeɣ n Tmaziɣt ɣer wallunen imaynuten. Tamentilt tis snat, iɛerbawalen, ur ufin ara acu ara ɣren ɣef Tmaziɣt, ula d Imaziɣen ur nessin ara Tafransist ttmagaren ugur-agi. Tura ayen yeɛnan tasuqilt-ines ɣer Tmaziɣt, ur ifut ara lḥal.

**Amek tettwaliḍ azekka n tutlayt-nneɣ? Acu i d asirem-ik?**

Anwa i as-yennan ad nizmir ad nesɣer deg yiɣerbazen-nneɣ Tamaziɣt s Tmaziɣt. Ma nuɣal ɣer yiseggasen n 80, nettwali tamsalt-agi am wakken d awezɣi. Anwa i as-yennan daɣen ad nessiweḍ ɣef usuffeɣ n tesniram i d-yewwin ɣef usɣan, tiliktrunit, tasnilest, amezruy, takrura… Ad awen-d-alseɣ ayen i d-yenna umaru Amin Zaoui asmi iyi-yettunefk warraz ɣef tsuqilt n « Le petit prince » ɣer Tmaziɣt : « Tamaziɣt i yessawḍen ad tessuqel « Le petit prince » d tutlayt yesɛan imal. » Maca nekkni s Imaziɣen ilaq ad neḥbes ciṭuḥ asuter, yessefk fell-aɣ ad nebges i uxeddim. Tameslayt, d arraw-is i tt-yesnernayen mačči d ayen niḍen. Anwa i as-yennan ad nizmir ad nesɣer deg yiɣerbazen-nneɣ tamaziɣt s tmaziɣt.

**Acu i d awal-ik ɣef ublug amaziɣ i d-yelhan deg usnerni d uselmed n tutlayt, idles d wayen yeqqnen akk ɣur-s?.**

Am wakken neḥwaǧ idlisen i neḥwaǧ iblugen. Anternet, d allun ideg ilaq ad nessidef tamaziɣt, acku tasuta-agi tamaynut tessexdam-it s waṭas Ayen yerzan ablug-nwen, igerrez, yuɣal d aɣbalu i yiselmaden i ixeddmen deg wannar. Ihi, afud ijehden.

*Tadiwennit, texdem-itt Farida Cebbiri*

*Tutlayt-inu*

*https://sadbendali.blogspot.com/2020/10/mansouri-habib-llah-amaru-amaswad-n.html*


Aseqqul n Taεrabt, talɣa ال مفعول

Nessen d akken tutlayin akk ttemyerḍalent awalen gar-asen. Akka i teḍra ula i Tmaziɣt d Teqbaylit. Aṭas n wawalen-is i yettwawin ɣer tutlayin nniḍen d waṭas i d-tiwi seg-sent. Mi ara yili d amyag neɣ d isem i yettumazɣen, yeḍfer ilugan n tutlayt-nneɣ, ulac uɣilif. Maca mi ara d-yettwarḍel wawal, yusa-d yeqqim akken s "weεmam-is", yugi ad iserreḥ i tmagit-is, "yettcemmit" tagnit. Deg umedya, ismawen n tutlayt taεrabt, yeqqimen akken i ten-tuɣ s ال n usbadu, am: lebḥer (البحر), lehna(الهناء), lεid(العيد), lǧennet(الجنة) neɣ s tussda n tazwara ma seg yisekkilen "iṭijanen", am: rrmel(الرمل), dderya(الذرية), ṣṣeḥ(الصح), ddunit (الدنيا). Llan daɣen yismawen n Tefransist i yegguman ad brun i umagrad "le", am: luzin (l'usine), likul (l'école), lufan (l'enfant), lmir (le maire).

Ayen nniḍen iɣef nezmer ad nesḥissef deg yireṭṭalen, i d-ikecmen tutlayt-nneɣ d ismawen d yerbiben (igelman), yeqqimen akken llan s uẓar d talɣa, iwumi qqaren di Taεrabt "على وزن "مفعول am:

- amerkub مركوب wissen, ayɣer mačči "urkib"!

- ameslub مسلوب wissen ayɣer mačči "uslib"!

- amengur منڨور wissen ayɣer mačči "ungir"!

- amezluḍ مزلوط wissen ayɣer mačči "uzliḍ!

- ameqful مقفول wissen ayɣer mačči "uqfil"!

- ameslux مسلوخ wissen ayɣer mačči "uslix"!

- amexluḍ مخلوط wissen ayɣer mačči "uxliḍ"

- ameclux مشلوخ wissen ayɣer mačči "uclix"

**Tamawt 1:**

"Tawaɣit", d akken talɣa-a tenṭeḍ ula di kra yismawen untiyen n tɣawsiwin, am:

- *tameɣrust مغروسة*

*- tamenguct منڨوشة = منقوشة*

**Tamawt 2:**

Ad d-smektiɣ, imyagen-a ikerdeskilen yellan ɣef talɣa "R1R2eR3", d nitni akk i yeggten di Tmaziɣt yernu tella talɣa n usuddem seg-sen d Tamaziɣt 100%, d ta: "uR1R2iR3". Ẓret-tt deg yimedyaten-a:

- *ubzig si bzeg*

*- unciw si ncew*

*- ubrin si bren*

*- urkil si rkel*

*- uzlig si zleg*

*- ungif si ngef*

*- ucmit si cmet*

*- ufrin si fren*

*- urqim si rqem*


Afunim (neɣ ifunimen) "t"

Imesli neɣ afunim

**"t"**, d yiwet tumant i yuklalen ad as-yettunefk waṭas n wazal di tutlayt tamaziɣt deg wayen yerzan inadiyen n tesnilest, ladɣa di taɣult tasnislant. Amek? Ifukal i zemreɣ ad d-fkeɣ mačči yiwen i yellan. Nekk, ttwaliɣ

**"t"**d yiwet si "tmental" i yessemgaraden ger tmeslayin daxel n yiwet tantala tamaziɣt si tama; Si tama nniḍen, tessemgarad, tessiwεir amsefham ger yimutlayen n tantaliwin timaziɣin s umata. Amedya, ger Teqbaylit d Tcawit neɣ ger Temẓabt d Tmaheɣt... Ifukal i yi-yesbeɣsen ad d-awiɣ awal ɣef taluft-a, ggten. Ha-ten-a, ad ten-id-bedreɣ:

**1. Abeddel n yimesli "t" - ت,ث s yimesli "h" ها**

- Di Tcawit neɣ di Tcenwit, md: *hamurt=tamurt*.

- Di Teqbaylit (di kra tmeslayin): *nihni=nitni, ad hen-yawi=ad ten-yawi.*

**2. Abeddel n ususru n "t" s "tt=ts":**

- Di kra n temnaḍin: *tamtunts=tamtunt*

**3. Tibawt n uzenzaɣ "t" = ث d uznaggaɣ "ts":**

- Di kra n tmeslayin n Teqbaylit:* d tamenzut=ttamenzut (t=ت)*

**4. Aɣelluy n yimesli "t" deg waddad amaruz:**

- Di kra tmeslayin n Yiflisen: *taɣart n zemmurt (= taɣart n tzemmurt).*

**Sadaq Bendali**

Tutlayt tamaziɣt, idles.


Ussid : amek yettaleɣ? (taseftit)

Di tseftit, yemgarad wamek yettaleɣ WANAḌ USSID d WURMIR USSID. Nezmer ad nebḍu imyagen ɣef 6 waggayen ilmend n tarrayin n usileɣ n wussid-nsen:

**1. S tussda n tergalt:**

- *cfu/ceffu, tceffuḍ*

* - ẓer/ẓerr, tẓerreḍ*

* - lmed/lemmed, tlemmdeḍ*

**2. S tmerna n umatar n wussid:**

-* aẓ/ttaẓ, tettaẓeḍ*

* - ili/ttili, tettiliḍ*

* - uɣal/ttuɣal, tettuɣaleḍ*

**3. S temlellit:**

- *sgen/sgan, tesganeḍ*

* - ssizweɣ/ssizwiɣ*

* - ssifeg/ssafag, tessafageḍ*

**4. S temlellit d tussda n tergalt:**

- *del/ddal, teddaleḍ*

* - mel/mmal, temmaleḍ*

* - ẓed/ẓẓad, teẓẓadeḍ*

**5. S temlellit d tmerna n umatar n wussid:**

* - cennef/ttcennif, tettcennifeḍ*

* - mured/ttmurud, tettmurudeḍ*

* - gaber/ttgabar, tettgabareḍ*

**6. S tussda n tergalt d tmerna n umatar n wussid:**

- *eg/tegg, tetteggeḍ*

* - el/ tell, tettelleḍ*

**Tamawt:**

Tarrayt-a tis 6, deg-s kan 2 yimyagen "eg, el", tezmer ad tenneḥsab d tasureft kan.

Tutlayt tamaziɣt, idles.


Taqendurt n Leqbayel

*Taqendurt n Leqbayel. ur telli ara kan d timelsiwt tettlusu tmeṭṭut akken ad tesser iman-is, neɣ akken ad terr asemmiḍ ɣef tfekka-s. Maca taqendurt, d azamul n nnif, lḥerma d tirrugza., d azamul n yedles d tgemmi, yewwi-d fell-aɣ ad nesseḥbiber fell-as.**Taqendurt n Leqbayel, ad yuɣal umezruy-ines ɣer twinas n yiseggasen, yal tasuta tettaǧǧa-tt-id i tayeḍ. D lwert neɣ d agerruj n yimarawen -nneɣ. Ilaq ad tt-nessider, ad neddu yis-s ɣer sdat. Ulac Taqbaylit ur nesεi neɣ ur nelsi taqendurt, mezẓiyet neɣ meqqret di leεmer, d nettat i as-irennun ccbaḥa d sser.*

**Amek tga tqendurt n zik? **

**Taqendurt n telmeẓyin:**

Tilmeẓyin d tullas, sεant ssenf n tqendurt i wumi qqaren takessiwt. D taqendurt yettemcabin ɣer rruba (la robe), ttebḍina-s, tejbed ɣer deffir, teqlec aţas deg wammas, ttgent-as taɣeggadt s tesfifin sufella azal n krad neɣ ukkuz n yiḍuḍan, ttcuddunt-tt ɣer sdat.

Zik di tmeɣriwin tilawin ttlusunt yiwen n ssenf n tqendurt i ccḍeḥ. Yuɣal seg wammas d akessar, yeqlec mliḥ mliḥ, yeččur d iḥwicen d yizagzagen. Qqaren-as Rruba.

**Taqendurt taglantit:**

**Kra n lemtul ɣef tqendurt:**

Tilawin zik-nni. ttawint-d kra n lemtul ɣef lesnaf n lkettan i ttlusunt, qqarent-as :

* 1- Ccac ddu s talwit*

* Car ay ara k-d-tefk trumit*

* Ma izeddeg yiwen n wass*

* Tameddit ad tt-id-tawḍit.*

*2- Ccac ajiju*

* Mi t-telsa teslit*

* Tamɣart ad tt-id-yettεujju*

**Azalen n yiniten d yinumak-nsen:**

Ayen i d-yennulfan daɣen di tqendurt n yimira, d lkettan aberkan i ssexdament di txeggadt tatrart. ama d win n leḥrir neɣ n ccac hayat. Ger wayen mmalen yiniten, ad naf:

__Awraɣ:__ d ini n yiṭij, yettmuddu-d tazmert.

__Azegzaw (aḥcayci):__ d azamul n tudert d usirem d ubeddel ɣer wayen yelhan.

__Amidadi:__ d asfillet i tlelli.

__Ačini/ačinawi:__ yessenfalay-d iseɣ, nnif d tirrugza.

__Amellal:__ yettusexdam i tqendurt n teslit.

**Taqendurt, assa:**

*Ayɣer i d-yella ubeddel n tqendurt ɣef wakken yella zik? Acu-ten lesnaf i d-yennulfan? .*

Ambeddal n umaḍal, d umbeddal n tsutwin, yerra taqendurt ad tbeddel ula d nettat ɣef wakken tella zik, ama di txeggadt neɣ di ssenf n lkettan . Taqendurt, zik d timelsiwt n yal ass, xas akken εezlent tid n leqdic ɣef tid n ccbuḥ. Ass n wassa, tuɣal tettmelsa kan di tmeɣriwin d tegnatin n tumert am wakken tettwaεzal, tuɣal di ṭṭerf. Tasebba d aselsu agraɣlan i d-yettnulfun, simmal.

Aţas n lesnaf n txeggadt i d-ibanen s yeḥwicen d yizagzagen imaynuten d wid yettmucεalen. Afessel-ines yemgarad ɣef win n zik s waṭas. Ad naf taqendurt d tuḍyiqt, teḥkem mliḥ, d tin i d-yesbanayen tafekka n tmeṭṭut. Ma d ifassen-is wezzilit, tikwal ur ten-tesεi ara maḍi. Llant teqnedyar ɣezzifen, llant daɣen tid wezzilen'. Llant tid ttlusunt s lfuḍa, tiyad mebla lfuḍa.

**Yal tamnaḍt n Leqbayel s tqendurt-is:**

Gergari, caryata, ameddah, taxeggadt m-tebzimin, taxeggaḍt m-tedliwin, abrudi s ufus d win n tmacint, taxeggadt n Tiɣilt...

**Taqendurt n Yiwaḍiyen:**

Ma nebder-d taqendurt n Yiwaḍiyen, d tin ttxiḍin s lkettan n leḥrir, ttaččaren-tt s yeḥwicen n leḥrir. Tuddar akk i as-d-yezzin d taqendurt n Yiwaḍiyen i tettrusu teslit ass n lḥenni.

**Taqendurt n temnaḍt n Meqleε:**

Di temnadt n Meqleε ; yal tama si tudrin-is tesεa ssenf n tqendurt-is. S tuget, ttxiḍint s yeḥwicen yettmucεalen . Ma d iḥwicen iquranen εezlen-ten i tqendurt n yal ass. Zik. taqendurt-nsen wezzilet, tuɣal ddaw tgecrar, tesεa ijifar iqelcen, tettmelsa mebla lfuḍa. Akka imira, ssiɣzifent taxeggadt n tqendurt, ttcuddunt-tt s usaru neɣ taɣeggadt i xeddment s yifasden-nsent...Lfuḍa ɣur-sen ala tin meqqren di leεmer i tt-yettlusun.

**Taqendurt n jida:**

**Taqendurt taqbaylit, d aɣbalu n tudert:**

**Tekka-d timura, tezger ilel:**

Taqendurt n Leqbayel, ur teqqim ara kan di tmurt n Leqbayel, tekka-d akk tamurt-nneɣ, tezger akkin i yilel, ttlusunt-tt ula d tiberraniyin.

Ihi, xas akka aṭas n umaynut d umbaddal i d-yellan ɣef tqendurt n Leqbayel, ad teqqim d talaba n sser d nnif. Lεezza-ines weḥd-s, ur tt-yettawi yiwen. D nettat i irennun ccbaḥa d lhiba i tmettut taqbaylit. Γef waya yewwi-d ad temmels s zzux d unerfud n uqerru.

*Cebbiri Farida*

*tutlayt-inu*

**Awal n tutlayt-inu:**

*Di tazwara, ad nesnemmer aṭas tameskart n umahil-a unadi. massa Cebbiri. Tajmilt-is, meqqret ɣef wussisen-is ur neḥbis armi d-yers umahil-is zdat wallen-nneɣ ad t-t-nɣer Tayri-s i Teqbaylit d yedles-is, mačči d awal kan. Ha-tt-a zdat-wen, temla-tt-id deg umagrad-is.*

*Syin akkin, ma nmuqel ɣer usentel s telqey, ad naf mačči d ayen isehlen akken ad d-yettwagem akk wayen yegber. Ama deg wayen yerzan, timnaḍin, tiɣawsiwin, adeg, akud.... i icudden ɣur-s; neɣ d allalen akk i yezmer ad yeḥwaǧ.*

*Seg wakken, taqendurt taqbaylit (n Leqbayel), d yiwen uzamul axatar n tmagit n tmetti-nneɣ, ad ken-nenced ad d-ternum ayen tesεam d timussniwin d yisallen, i yellan ahat di tudrin-nwen. Tiɣri, ad n-truḥ ladɣa ɣur-went, kunnemti a tilawin. Arut-d iwenniten-nwen ddaw umagrad. Tanemmirt.*

Tutlayt tamaziɣt, idles.


Aselmad anaẓur, Muḥemmed Meẓyani: aẓawan, yettak abeḥri i turet.

**Muḥemmmed MEZYANI neɣ NARABAS, yis-s i yettwassnen deg unnar n tẓuri, d yiwen n yilemẓi seg taddart n At Ḥwelḥaǧ taɣiwant n At Yeḥya Musa, deg wasun n Draε Lmizan, d aselmad n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg uɣerbaz alemmas Ṭaleḥ Muḥemmed Deg Tiẓra Ɛisa.**

Send ad d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef yisurifen-iw imezwura deg unnar-agi n ccna, ** riɣ ad ssiwḍeɣ rreḥma i umɣar n baba, acku d netta i iyi-yesmecḥen lbenna n ccna** imi netta d yiwen n uxuni i yettwassnen aṭas deg lɛerc n At Yeḥya Musa d tudrin i as-d-yezzin. Akken d-nniɣ yakan, yal mi ara d-nezzi ɣer lkanun ad iyi-yerbu, ad yebdu adekker alamma yeɣder-iyi yiḍes. Deg yiseggasen n 90

**, nexdem aṭas n tmeɣriwin ladɣa deg yiɣaramen isdawanen**

*nesbedd-d yiwet n terbaɛt n uẓawan deg uxxam n yilemẓiyen n At yeḥya Musa iwumi nsemma “KENZA”***,**syin deg useggas n 2000 ɛeddaɣ deg tedwilt “Icennayen n uzekka”, deg useggas n 2003 skelseɣ tasfift “Leḥsan”.

**Amek tga tmuɣli n twacult-ik ɣur-k, d anaẓur?**

**Akken d-zwareɣ awal yakan, kkreɣ-d deg yiwet n twacult yeṭṭfen aṭas deg tjaddit, d tin yesseḥbibiren ɣef wansayen, maca ayagi ur d-yelli ara d ugur ama fell-i neɣ ɣef twacult-iw imi umnen ***d ayen zeddigen i ttnawaleɣ.*

**Melmi i d-yeffeɣ ufares-ik amezwaru? Hder-aneɣ-d fell-as.**

Afares-iw amezwaru yella-d deg useggas n 2003, skelseɣ yiwet n tesfift ideg llan 06 n yizwal, semmaɣ-as “Leḥsan".

**Amek i t-mugren yimdanen? **

D yiwen ufaris i qublen medden s tumert ladɣa ilemẓiyen n tɣiwant-iw, imi lliɣ gar yimenza i yerẓan asalu xas akken ttawilat ulac imi di tallit-nni lliɣ d anelmad deg tesdawit.

**Nettwali arraw-ik, ula d nitni kecmen s tehri di taɣult n uẓawan. Wissen ma seg-k neɣ d afran-nsen. Ini-aɣ-d.**

D tidet, ayagi yella-d s lebɣi-w d lebɣi-nsen, acku ur d-yewwi ara ad tḥettmeḍ kra i walbaɛḍ ladɣa agrud.

**Acu nniḍen i txeddmeḍ deg wakuden-ik ilmawen neɣ di tudert-ik s umata? **

Tikwal, lehhuɣ-d deg unǧar n tɛekkzin, imi* *** taddart-nneɣ tettwassen s lxedma n tɛekkzin, d** tagnit akken ad nessebɣes ilmeẓyen akken ur as-berrun ara i umahil-a.

**Amek tessawḍeḍ ad tesdukkleḍ ger uẓawan d umahil-ik n uselmed n Tmaziɣt? **

** Aẓawan urǧin yella d aɛewwiq deg wudem n yal amahil, ladɣa ɣer uselmad n Tmaziɣt, **imi ula d netta yezmer ad yili d allal swayes ara tessiwḍeḍ timussniwin i yinelmaden.

*Aẓawan d tagella i wallaɣ**,*llan sbiṭarat anda i t-semrasen d asafar i yimuḍan n wallaɣ.

**D acu n yisenfaren i tessewjadeḍ i sya ɣer zdat?**

Akken qqaren wayt zik, " lecɣal n taddart meqqrit, nekkni nekker-d meẓẓiyit”.* Sewjadeɣ yiwen usekles i yelli Taninna, akken diɣ ttheggayeɣ yiwen n uɣerbaz i tikci n temsirin n uẓawan i yigerdan iran ad lemden turart n upyanu d tgiṭart s tallelt n Tninna.*

**D acu i d tamuɣli-k ɣef waddad ideg tella tsekla tamaziɣt/ taqbaylit deg wakud-a.**

Deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, aṭas n yidlisen i d-yetteffɣen, ama d ungalen, tullisin d yisefra d ayen yessefraḥen, ara yessiwḍen ɣer usenṣeb n tutlayt Tamaziɣt acku ayagi ad d-yas kan s ufaris. *Maca tamawt ara d-geɣ d lexṣaṣ n tsekla i ugrud. Ilaq ad d-nerr cwiṭ lwelha-nneɣ ɣer ugrud.*

**Imi kečč d ababat, efk-d asirem-ik d tiɣri i yimawlan.**

Ad d-greɣ tiɣri i yimawlan, ad wellhen arraw-nsen ɣer uẓawan, acku yettall agrud deg ulmud-ines akken diɣ i yesnernay tigzi, d allal swayes yezmer ad d-yessenfali iḥulfan-is.

**Di taggara n tdiwennit-nneɣ , ad ak-d-ssutreɣ tamuɣli-k ɣef “tutlayt-inu”.**

** “Tutlayt-inu” **d yiwen n ublaḍ i d-yernan ɣer watmaten-is i usali d useǧhed n llsas n Tmaziɣt ama deg tsekla neɣ deg yidles sumata.

**Nessaram-as teɣzi n tudert acku d aɛwin i win yelluẓen, d tala i win yeffuden.**

Tutlayt tamaziɣt, idles, taẓuri.


Tadiwennit d tmarut Samira Hocini Ben Abdelmalek

**Tamaziɣt, ur telli d ayla n yiwen weḥd-s, Tamaziɣt, d ayla-nneɣ merra, ilaq ad tt-nemɛawan. Yal wa, ad yexdem tazmert-is d tmussni-s, akken ad nessali di ccan-is.**

**D anta-tt Samira HOCINI BEN ABDELMALEK ?**

Samira HOCINI BEN ABDELMALEk d tamsedrart, d yelli-s n lɛerc n At yettura ; Iferḥunen. D taselmadt n tutlayt tamazight deg tesnawit n Mestafa BEN BULƐID di Micli - Ɛin Lḥemmam.

**Melmi, anda d wamek tebdiḍ tira?**

Leɛmer greɣ iman-iw ɣer wannar n tira, maca asmi iyi-terra tmara, ddmeɣ imru yerna yedda di lebɣi i wul, yura aḍris d usefru. Uriɣ aḍris amezwaru deg useggas n 2015. Gelmeɣ-d taddart-iw (Agni n tala), aḍris-agi, xedmeɣ-t i yinelmaden-iw deg tneɣrit iɛǧeb-asen nezzeh yerna xedmen-iyi afud akken, ad rnuɣ iḍrisen nniḍen. Seg yimir-nni i d-rriɣ tira gar wallen-iw.

**Si melmi tessarameḍ ad tuɣaleḍ d tamarut? Neɣ ahat tella kra n tedyant i kem-idemren ɣer tira?**

Urǧin ssarmeɣ ad uɣaleɣ d tamarut, d lḥewǧ (d ṭṭrura) i d iyi-yeǧǧan ad aruɣ, asmi greɣ ɣer wannar, ufiɣ-d iman-iw, ẓewreɣ (akka i iyi-d-nnan wid yeɣran ayen uriɣ). Xas ulamma yella lexsas, meɛna aql-i la ḥeffḍeɣ.

**D acu-t uzwel n udlis-im amezwaru?**

TILUFA, d azwel n udlis-iw amezwaru. Adlis-agi, d ammud n tullisin, sumata yettales-d ɣef tudert n tmeṭṭut deg tmetti-nneɣ; tilawin-agi, d tid iɣef iɛedda lbaṭel neɣ lḥif…. Deg udlis-agi, furseɣ tagnit, sseddaɣ-d kra n yiḍrisen i nettiḥwiǧ deg uselmed (xedmeɣ-d tarudemt, asegzi n wansay, aglam n wadeg).

**Acḥal n tezrigin iɣer truḥeḍ send aẓrag-ines? Acḥal n wakud i terǧiḍ armi d-yeffeɣ udlis-agi?**

Deg tazwara, qesdeɣ aseqqamu unnig n timuzɣa, wwiɣ-asen-t deg furar 2017, rǧiɣ almi d ctember, ur d-iban wara! Imir, uɣaleɣ ɣer teẓrigt EL AMEL, ssuffɣeɣ-t-id ɣur-sen. Iɛedda useggas akken ad yaweḍ ɣer tnedlisin, imi ur d-telli ara tuffɣa-ines almi d meɣres 2018.

**Mi d-yeffeɣ udlis-im, tumreḍ. Anwi-ten wid i yumren yid-m?**

Umreɣ nezzeh s tuffɣa n udlis-iw, akken tumer twacult-iw d yinelmaden-iw d yiselmaden-iw akked ixeddamen n tesnawit ideg sselmadeɣ. Maca lferḥ zriɣ ɣer yinelmaden-iw dayen i izaden, ḥusseɣ yis-sen, d nutni i iyi-ixedmen afud, akken ad kemmleɣ.

**D acu tettḥulfuḍ, mi ara tettaruḍ s tutlayt n tyemmat Tamaziɣt/Taqbaylit? **

Mi ara ttaruɣ s tutlayt-iw, tekkseɣ-d ayen yellan deg wul-iw, ssawaḍeɣ izen akken i iwata. Ttaruɣ xir n wakken ttmeslayeɣ. Ttḥulfuɣ rennuɣ-d abruy i Tmaziɣt, ttaruɣ s tumert.

**Amek mmugren medden s umata tuffɣa n udlis-im? Amek gant tmuɣliwin-nsen?**

Llan yimdanen i yettwalin ayen xedmeɣ, igerrez, xedmen-iyi afud akken ad kemmleɣ; llan wid i iyi-yerẓan ifadden, zmumgen-d kan s udem-iw, hedren deffir: “ win yekkren kan ad yaru, ruḥet ad teɣrem Albert CAMUS…..” Amzun akken Tamaziɣt ur tuklal ad tettwaru neɣ ahat ur teswi tibṣelt ɣur-sen!

**D acu nniḍen tḥemmleḍ ad t-txedmeḍ di tudert-im?**

Ḥemmleɣ akk ayen yerzan taẓuri. Diɣen ssarmeɣ mliḥ ad iliɣ d taneɣmast, maca lmektub yewwi-yi ɣer uselmed. Ḥemmleɣ asewwi, ttakkeɣ-as akud d wazal i tgella, beqquɣ ad ččen warraw-iw lqut yesseww ufus-iw.

**D acu n yisental iɣef tettaruḍ, ahat d ayen i d-tettawiḍ si tilawt neɣ uhu?**

Amur ameqqran n wayen ttaruɣ d tilawt. Yettili cwiṭ n usugen, maca ugar d tilawt; ayen ẓerreɣ s wallen-iw, yeqqar-it-id yiles-iw. Aṭas n yisental iɣef d-mmeslayeɣ, gar-asen: tameṭṭut, lɣerba, iɣeblan n yilmeẓyen…..

**Ini-asen-d i yimeɣriyen n TUTLYT-INU, idlisen-im d acu-ten? d ungalen, d tullisin...?**

Sɛiɣ sin n yidlisen; amezwaru “TILUFA” d ammud n tullisin; wis sin d ungal, azwel-is “INIG”.

**Anda zemren ad ten-nafen akken ad ten-ɣren? **

Idlisen-agi, zemren ad ten-id-afen deg kra tnedlisin n temdint n TIZI-WEZZU

**Mi ara yili walbeεḍ d amaru, ladɣa n Tmaziɣt, d acu i yelhan; d acu i ixussen? Ahat llan wuguren!**

Tamezwarut, d tamuɣli n kra n yimdanen ɣer tutlayt Tamaziɣt. Llan wid iḥeqren iman-nsen, cuban tamcict yeččan arraw-is. Tis snat, asuffeɣ n yidlisen icudd ɣer yidrimen, ma ur tesɛiḍ ara adrim, ad yiwεir lḥal, ad yeqqim wayen turiḍ d tiferka kan Tis kraḍet, adlis n Tmaziɣt, ur yettnuz ara aṭas, imeɣriyen, drus. Tikwal, ad d-tessuffɣeḍ adlis, medden akk ad ḍemɛen ad asen-t-tefkeḍ.

**Di tallit-agi, tasekla tirawt taqbaylit, simmal tettnerni. Aṭas n yimura ilmeẓyen i "d-yennulfan". Ansi i d-yekka waya ?**

Tamentilt n waya, d lexsas deg yiḍrisen i nettiḥwiǧ deg uselmed d usebɣer n tutlayt Tamaziɣt

**Acu i d-aḥulfu-nnem? Ttilint-d tegnatin n temlilit gar-awen? **

Ticki ara afeɣ adlis yelhan, ferrḥeɣ mliḥ, qqareɣ-t yal mi ara sɛuɣ cwiṭ n wakud, ula mi ara qeddceɣ ttḍeqqireɣ tiṭ-iw, ttḥiriɣ ad t-kfuɣ s tɣuri, qqareɣ-t s ccuq. Llan kra nniḍen ssewhamen: win yekkren kan, ad yaru! Urǧin kcimeɣ rreḥba n yidlisen neɣ mlaleɣ ḥedd, imi akka tura meẓẓiyit warraw-iw, ur zmireɣ ara ad zwireɣ deg uxeddim ad ten-ǧǧeɣ; lecɣal akken myezwaren. Ncalleh kan ad yiɣzif leɛmer, lxir ur yettfat.

**D acu tessarameḍ d tayemmat, d taselmadt, d tamarut?**

Ssarameɣ, ad teṭṭef Tmaziɣt amkan-is, ad tili d tutlayt n tmussni, n uselmed, ad tettusexdem deg yal taɣult.

**Ablug-nneɣ "tutlayt-inu", "nesnulfa-t-id" i usnerni n usemres n tutlayt tamaziɣt d wayen tegber d idles, tamussni, tasekla... ttxil-m, efk-d tamuɣli-m fell-as tgeḍ-d tiɣri i wid yessaramen tiẓin ɣer zdat.**

Ssarameɣ ablug TUTLAYT-INU , ad yesnerni deg wazal n Tmaziɣt. Tiɣri-w: Tamaziɣt, ur telli d ayla n yiwen weḥd-s, Tamaziɣt, d ayla-nneɣ merra, ilaq ad tt-nemɛawan. Yal wa, ad yexdem tazmert-is d tmussni-s, akken ad nessali di ccan-is. *Tanemmirt i wid akk iqeddcen deg ugraw, tazmert n tzemmu**rt.*

*Tadiwennit, yexdem-itt Sadaq Bendali*

Tutlayt tamaziɣt, idles.


Isestanen/imattaren

**1. Imqimen isestanen/imattaren:**

**Anwa?**nessemras-is deg usteqsi, ma nerǧa tiririt s yisem asuf amalay.

**Anwa i yuran ungal amezwaru di talsa? D Afulay.****Anta?**nessemras-it deg usteqsi, ma nerǧa tiririt s yisem asuf unti.

*Anta i d tagellidt n Yimuhaɣ? D Tinhinan.*

**Anwi?**nessemras-it deg usteqsi, ma nerǧa tiririt s yisem asget amalay.

**Anwi i d imawlan n tmurt-a? D Imaziɣen.****Anti?**nessemras-is deg usteqsi, ma nerǧa tiririt s yisem asget unti.

*Anti i idles d wansayen-nneɣ? D tilawin.*

**Wi?**nessemras-is deg usteqsi, ma nerǧa tiririt ideg ur nesεi ara tikti ɣef win (wid, tin, tid) ara d-yettwabedren deg-s.

**Wi tufam di tejmaεt? Nufa imɣaren d yilmeẓyen.****Acu?**nessemras-is deg usteqsi, ma ur nesεi ara tikti ɣef wayen ara yilin neɣ ara d-yettwabedren di tririt i nerǧa. Imqimen isestanen, d wi:

*Acu teččam di tmeɣra? Nečča seksu s uksum n uεejmi.*

**Tamawt 1:**

*La yettnadi anwa ara yawi yid-s.**La yettnadi anwi ara yawi yid-s.**Tenna-as anta tḥemmel.**Ini-as anti teǧǧiḍ deg uɣerbaz.**Ur ẓriɣ ara wi yeqqimen di tmurt.**Ssuter-d acu tebɣiḍ.*

**Tamawt 2:**

*Iwumi/imumi tefkiḍ adlis-nni?**Wiɣer/uɣur teǧǧiḍ memmi-m?**S wayes/s wiyes/s wacu ẓeḍḍen tiqecwalin?**Ukkud,/wikked yettruḥu dadda-k ɣer yiger?*

**2. Imerna isestanen/imattaren:**

Amernu asestan, nessemras-it deg usteqsi ideg nebɣa ad nẓer tagnit ideg tḍerru tigawt: adeg, akud, taɣara tasmekta neɣ tamentilt. Imerna isestanen igejdanen, d wi:

**Anida, **ansi, anisi, aniɣer, aniwer, sani**? - i wadeg.**

*Anida teqqareḍ?**Ansi yella ubrid ɣer Tala n Yilef?**Anisi yella ubrid ɣer Tala n Yilef**Aniɣer yerra umcic-ik?**Aniwer yerra umcic-ik?**Sani yerra umcic-ik?*

**Melmi**, si melmi, ar melmi**? i wakud.**

*Melmi temmut Faḍma n Sumer**?**Si melmi d-tegguǧǧem ɣer da?**Ar melmi ad ken-nerǧu?*

**Amek? i tɣara.**

*Amek tessewwayeḍ tiɣrifin?**Amek bennun tizamugin?*

**Acḥal,** annect**? i tesmekta.**

*Acḥal teɣriḍ di tesdawit?**Annect n wurkilen i teẓẓam?*

**Ayɣer**, acuɣer, acimi, iwacu**? i tmentilt.**

*Ayɣer ur tettawiḍ ara yid-m tasiwant?**Acuɣer**ur tettawiḍ ara yid-m tasiwant?**Acimi**ur tettawiḍ ara yid-m tasiwant?**I wacu**ur tettawiḍ ara yid-m tasiwant?*

**Tamawt 3:**

Imerna isestanen, zemren ad ttusmersen d imassaɣen di tefyar tuddisin, md:

*Yessen Yuba**ansi ara iεeddi ɣer Tala n Yilef.**Ini-iyi-d aniɣer truḥem iḍelli.**Mmekti-d melmi tkecmeḍ ɣer uɣerbaz.**Ur cfiɣ ara si melmi d-negguǧǧ ɣer da?**Bɣiɣ ad as-d-tiniḍ ar melmi ad yezdeɣ yid-neɣ.**Tesselmed i yelli-s amek ara tesseww tiɣrifin.**Yettu umuḍin acḥal yekmen deg uxxam.**Behten yicenga deg-neɣ ayɣer ur telli tdukli gar-aneɣ.*

**Acu n tririt i yal asestan?**

**A. Imerna isestanen/imattaren:**

**Anwa? anta? anwi? anti? **tettili tririt fell-asen s usumer igebren tazelɣa n tilawt "d" d yisem neɣ asenfal-is. Amgired, nettaf-it kan deg umḍan d tewsit. Imedyaten:

*- Anwa i yuran tullist? D anelmad D netta. D anelmad in tesdawit. D win yuran tamezgunt...*

*- Anta i yuran tullist? D tanelmadt. D nettat. D tanelmadt n tesdawit. D tin yuran tamezgunt...*

*- Anwi i yuran tullist? D inelmaden. D nitni. D inelmaden n tesdawit. D wid yuran tamezgunt...*

*- Anti i yuran tullist? D tinelmadin. D nitenti. D tinelmadin n tesdawit. D tid yuran tamezgunt...*

**Wi? **tettili tririt fell-as s usumer igebren tazelɣa n tilawt "d" d yisem neɣ asenfal-is. Da, ur nezmir ara ad nessugen amḍan d tewsit si tazwara. Imedyaten:

**Wi yuran tullist? **

*D anelmad D netta. D anelmad in tesdawit. D win yuran tamezgunt...**D tanelmadt. D nettat. D tanelmadt n tesdawit. D tin yuran tamezgunt...**D inelmaden. D nitni. D inelmaden n tesdawit. D wid yuran tamezgunt...**D tinelmadin. D nitenti. D tinelmadin n tesdawit. D tid yuran tamezgunt...*

**Acu?**s umata

**,**tettili tririt fell-as s usumer igebren:

- Acu turiḍ? Uriɣ asefru.
- Acu yeḍran? Yergel ubrid.
- Acu tt-yuɣen? Tuḍen.

- Acu tebɣam? D izerfan.
- Acu tebɣam? D izerfan n uɣref-nneɣ.

**Iwumi?**tettili tririt fell-as s usemmad arusrid:-

*tefkiḍ adlis-nni? Fkiɣ-t*

*i**Masil.*

**Wiɣer? s wayes? ukkud?**tettili tririt fell-asen s usemmad anezɣan:

*teǧǧiḍ memmi-m? Ǧǧiɣ-t*

*ɣer**nanna. (tanila, adeg)*

*- S wayes ẓeḍḍen tiqecwalin? Ẓeḍḍen-tent*

**s**uɣanim. (allal)*- Ukkud yettruḥu dadda-k ɣer yiger? Iteddu*

**akked**baba. (tadukli)**B. Imerna isestanen/imattaren:**

**Anida, **ansi, aniɣer, sani**? - **Tettili tririt fell-asen s umernu n wadeg neɣ usemmad anezɣan n** wadeg.**

**- **Anida tzedɣeḍ? Zedɣeɣ **di** __taddart__./Zedɣeɣ, __da.__

*- Ansi yella ubrid ɣer Tala n Yilef? Abrid, yella si Buɣni.*

*-Aniɣer ara truḥem? Ad nruḥ ɣer Tubiret.*

**Melmi**, si melmi, ar melmi**? - **Tettili tririt fell-asen s umernu n wakud neɣ usemmad anezɣan n** wakud.**

**- **Melmi temmut Faḍma n Sumer*? Temmut zik. Temmut deg useggas n 1863.*

*- Si melmi d-tegguǧǧem ɣer da? Negguǧǧ-d deg unebdu-nni.*

*- Ar melmi ad ken-nerǧu? Rǧut-anen ar tameddit.*

**Amek? - **Tettili tririt fell-as s umernu n tɣara, s usemmad anezɣan n** tɣara **neɣ s umyag yemmalen aglam.

- Amek *tleḥḥu tsekkurt? Tleḥḥu *__akka__*. Tasekkurt, tleḥḥu am *__tjirra__*. Tettecrurud.*

**Acḥal,** annect**? ****- T**ettili tririt fell-asen s umernu n **tesmekta **neɣ s tenfalit yemmalen amḍan n : timar, ikilumitren, iseggasen, tiɣawsiwin...

- Acḥal *teɣra di tesdawit? Teɣra *__aṭas__*. Teɣra *__smus yiseggasen.__

*- Annect n wurkilen i teẓẓam? Ẓẓiɣ sḍis wurkilen.*

*- Acḥal yellan ger Bgayet d Tizi Uzzu? Llan 150 yikilumitren.*

*- Acḥal n temreqmin i tesεiḍ? Sεiɣ snat.*

*- Acḥal yeqqim deg yinig? Yeqqim drus. Yeqqim mraw yiseggasen.*

**Ayɣer**, acuɣer, acimi, iwacu**? ****- **Tettili tririt fell-asen s **tesɣunt n tmentilt** "**acku", "axaṭer".**

**- **Ayɣer *ur tettawiḍ ara yid-m tasiwant? *__Acku__* ulac ageffur.*

*- Acuɣer **ur tettawiḍ ara yid-m tasiwant? *__Axaṭer__ ulac ageffur.

Tamsirt, sɣur *Sadaq Bendali*


Amussnaw, Charles Darwin

**Bab n teẓri n umhaz n tlemsin**

Charles (Robert) Darwin ilul ass n 12 Fuṛaṛ 1809 deg Shrewsbury (Shropshire, Langliz) – Yemmut ass n 19 Yebrir 1882 deg Down (Kent, Langliz). Darwin d amesgama abriṭani. D memmi-s n memmi-s n Erasmus Darwin. Yezrew tasnajya (médecine) deg Tesdawit n Edinburgh, am wakken ay yezrew tasnudert (biologie) deg Cambridge. Yettwazen deg uɣerrabu n HMS Beagle d amsengama akken ad yezrew iɣersiwen d tesnakalt (géologie) n Temrikt n Unẓul d Yillan n Unẓul gar 1831 d 1836.

Deg usikel-nni (voyage) yufa-d aṭas n tɣawsiwin timaynutin ɣef yiɣersiwen d tesnakalt yernu yura-d fell-asent tiɣawsiwin s wazal-nsent. D aya ay as-d-yellan d azadur (base) i teẓri-nnes n umhaz (théorie de l’évolution). Darwin iger tamawt dakken yella unmezgi (concurrence) gar yiterrasen n yiwet n telmest (espèce) yernu iwala, ɣef umedya, dakken mi ara yili ugḍiḍ yesɛa aqamum d umsid ugar n yigḍaḍ niḍen n telmest-nnes, ad yesɛu tawenza (chance) akken ad yedder xir n yigḍaḍ-nni niḍen yernu, arraw-nnes, mi ara sɛun ṣṣifat-nnes, ula d nitni ad ifen igḍaḍ niḍen.I lmend n waya, yenna-d dakken **agama yesmenyafay iterrasen (individus)** ay ijehden ugar yernu d iterrasen-a ay izemren ad sɛeddin ṣṣifat-nsen ugar i tsutwin ay d-yetteddun. Darwin, iwala dakken d ta ay d tasemseddut (mécanisme) ayyes agama yessejhad ṣṣifat yelhan yernu yettekkes ṣṣifat n diri deg tlemsin (espèces) timuddirin. Yeqqim Darwin yettmahal ɣef teẓri-nnes ugar n 20 n yiseggasen, sakkin yessuffeɣ-tt-id deg udlis-nnes mechuṛen n **« Ɣef Tizert n Tlemsin » (De l’origine des espèces) deg 1859**.

Akken kan ay d-yeffeɣ udlis-nni, yebda yettnuzu s waṭas yernu nudan-d fell-as aṭas n medden. D acu kan, ula ma dindin kan ussnanen qeblen tiẓri n Darwin, aṭas n yimḍebbren isɣananen (religieux) ay d-iwten deg-s yernu yekker fell-as umjadel. Ula ma tennegma (se développer) tmussni n tesnudert s tegra (découvertes) ay d-yellan deg tsenjint (génétique), maca tiẓri n Darwin ɣef umhaz mazal-itt tesɛa azal d ameqqran deg tussna.

Gar yidilisen-nnes ixataren (importants) niḍen, yella « **Anuḥyu [variation] deg Yiɣersiwen d Yimɣan Yettwaṛebban » (1868)** d « **Addur**** [descente] n Umdan » (1871)**. Darwin yettwamḍel deg tabbayt n Westminster.

Rzut ɣef Usegzawal n Tutlayt Tatrart – Tamaziɣt-Tafṛansit: https://sites.google.com/site/asegzawaltafransit/

**Ɛumar Mufuq**

*tutlayt-inu*