--- language: - af - ar - de - en - es - ha - hi - id - ig - jv - mr - pcm - pt - ro - ru - rw - su - sv - sw - tt - uk - vmw - xh - yo - zh - zu license: cc-by-4.0 dataset_info: - config_name: afr features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 257405 num_examples: 1222 - name: dev num_bytes: 37576 num_examples: 196 - name: test num_bytes: 443683 num_examples: 2130 download_size: 185339 dataset_size: 738664 - config_name: arq features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 189789 num_examples: 901 - name: dev num_bytes: 38343 num_examples: 200 - name: test num_bytes: 375777 num_examples: 1804 download_size: 180591 dataset_size: 603909 - config_name: ary features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 338714 num_examples: 1608 - name: dev num_bytes: 102376 num_examples: 534 - name: test num_bytes: 338282 num_examples: 1624 download_size: 267222 dataset_size: 779372 - config_name: chn features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 556519 num_examples: 2642 - name: dev num_bytes: 76686 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 1100668 num_examples: 5284 download_size: 789776 dataset_size: 1733873 - config_name: deu features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 548303 num_examples: 2603 - name: dev num_bytes: 76686 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 1084837 num_examples: 5208 download_size: 894088 dataset_size: 1709826 - config_name: eng features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 582217 num_examples: 2764 - name: dev num_bytes: 44094 num_examples: 230 - name: test num_bytes: 1151494 num_examples: 5528 download_size: 402292 dataset_size: 1777805 - config_name: esp features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 420443 num_examples: 1996 - name: dev num_bytes: 70551 num_examples: 368 - name: test num_bytes: 706144 num_examples: 3390 download_size: 216719 dataset_size: 1197138 - config_name: hau features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 451829 num_examples: 2145 - name: dev num_bytes: 136501 num_examples: 712 - name: test num_bytes: 449932 num_examples: 2160 download_size: 258761 dataset_size: 1038262 - config_name: hin features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 538403 num_examples: 2556 - name: dev num_bytes: 38343 num_examples: 200 - name: test num_bytes: 420770 num_examples: 2020 download_size: 377557 dataset_size: 997516 - config_name: ibo features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 606652 num_examples: 2880 - name: dev num_bytes: 183663 num_examples: 958 - name: test num_bytes: 601576 num_examples: 2888 download_size: 266394 dataset_size: 1391891 - config_name: ind features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: dev num_bytes: 29907 num_examples: 156 - name: test num_bytes: 177265 num_examples: 851 download_size: 77485 dataset_size: 207172 - config_name: jav features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: dev num_bytes: 28949 num_examples: 151 - name: test num_bytes: 174348 num_examples: 837 download_size: 83743 dataset_size: 203297 - config_name: kin features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 516286 num_examples: 2451 - name: dev num_bytes: 156056 num_examples: 814 - name: test num_bytes: 512839 num_examples: 2462 download_size: 430821 dataset_size: 1185181 - config_name: mar features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 508703 num_examples: 2415 - name: dev num_bytes: 38343 num_examples: 200 - name: test num_bytes: 416604 num_examples: 2000 download_size: 348097 dataset_size: 963650 - config_name: pcm features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 785277 num_examples: 3728 - name: dev num_bytes: 237727 num_examples: 1240 - name: test num_bytes: 779050 num_examples: 3740 download_size: 574462 dataset_size: 1802054 - config_name: ptbr features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 468891 num_examples: 2226 - name: dev num_bytes: 76686 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 927361 num_examples: 4452 download_size: 455209 dataset_size: 1472938 - config_name: ptmz features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 325654 num_examples: 1546 - name: dev num_bytes: 98541 num_examples: 514 - name: test num_bytes: 323284 num_examples: 1552 download_size: 166765 dataset_size: 747479 - config_name: ron features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 261408 num_examples: 1241 - name: dev num_bytes: 47162 num_examples: 246 - name: test num_bytes: 466180 num_examples: 2238 download_size: 225486 dataset_size: 774750 - config_name: rus features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 564312 num_examples: 2679 - name: dev num_bytes: 76302 num_examples: 398 - name: test num_bytes: 416604 num_examples: 2000 download_size: 312212 dataset_size: 1057218 - config_name: sun features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 194634 num_examples: 924 - name: dev num_bytes: 76302 num_examples: 398 - name: test num_bytes: 385775 num_examples: 1852 download_size: 152346 dataset_size: 656711 - config_name: swa features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 696596 num_examples: 3307 - name: dev num_bytes: 211270 num_examples: 1102 - name: test num_bytes: 689896 num_examples: 3312 download_size: 409881 dataset_size: 1597762 - config_name: swe features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 250033 num_examples: 1187 - name: dev num_bytes: 76686 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 494925 num_examples: 2376 download_size: 375901 dataset_size: 821644 - config_name: tat features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 210643 num_examples: 1000 - name: dev num_bytes: 76686 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 416604 num_examples: 2000 download_size: 186687 dataset_size: 703933 - config_name: ukr features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 519445 num_examples: 2466 - name: dev num_bytes: 95474 num_examples: 498 - name: test num_bytes: 930693 num_examples: 4468 download_size: 393469 dataset_size: 1545612 - config_name: vmw features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 326707 num_examples: 1551 - name: dev num_bytes: 98925 num_examples: 516 - name: test num_bytes: 323701 num_examples: 1554 download_size: 191579 dataset_size: 749333 - config_name: xho features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: dev num_bytes: 130750 num_examples: 682 - name: test num_bytes: 332033 num_examples: 1594 download_size: 113314 dataset_size: 462783 - config_name: yor features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 630244 num_examples: 2992 - name: dev num_bytes: 190565 num_examples: 994 - name: test num_bytes: 624906 num_examples: 3000 download_size: 400802 dataset_size: 1445715 - config_name: zul features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions list: string splits: - name: dev num_bytes: 167751 num_examples: 875 - name: test num_bytes: 426394 num_examples: 2047 download_size: 156608 dataset_size: 594145 configs: - config_name: afr data_files: - split: train path: afr/train-* - split: dev path: afr/dev-* - split: test path: afr/test-* - config_name: arq data_files: - split: train path: arq/train-* - split: dev path: arq/dev-* - split: test path: arq/test-* - config_name: ary data_files: - split: train path: ary/train-* - split: dev path: ary/dev-* - split: test path: ary/test-* - config_name: chn data_files: - split: train path: chn/train-* - split: dev path: chn/dev-* - split: test path: chn/test-* - config_name: deu data_files: - split: train path: deu/train-* - split: dev path: deu/dev-* - split: test path: deu/test-* - config_name: eng data_files: - split: train path: eng/train-* - split: dev path: eng/dev-* - split: test path: eng/test-* - config_name: esp data_files: - split: train path: esp/train-* - split: dev path: esp/dev-* - split: test path: esp/test-* - config_name: hau data_files: - split: train path: hau/train-* - split: dev path: hau/dev-* - split: test path: hau/test-* - config_name: hin data_files: - split: train path: hin/train-* - split: dev path: hin/dev-* - split: test path: hin/test-* - config_name: ibo data_files: - split: train path: ibo/train-* - split: dev path: ibo/dev-* - split: test path: ibo/test-* - config_name: ind data_files: - split: dev path: ind/dev-* - split: test path: ind/test-* - config_name: jav data_files: - split: dev path: jav/dev-* - split: test path: jav/test-* - config_name: kin data_files: - split: train path: kin/train-* - split: dev path: kin/dev-* - split: test path: kin/test-* - config_name: mar data_files: - split: train path: mar/train-* - split: dev path: mar/dev-* - split: test path: mar/test-* - config_name: pcm data_files: - split: train path: pcm/train-* - split: dev path: pcm/dev-* - split: test path: pcm/test-* - config_name: ptbr data_files: - split: train path: ptbr/train-* - split: dev path: ptbr/dev-* - split: test path: ptbr/test-* - config_name: ptmz data_files: - split: train path: ptmz/train-* - split: dev path: ptmz/dev-* - split: test path: ptmz/test-* - config_name: ron data_files: - split: train path: ron/train-* - split: dev path: ron/dev-* - split: test path: ron/test-* - config_name: rus data_files: - split: train path: rus/train-* - split: dev path: rus/dev-* - split: test path: rus/test-* - config_name: sun data_files: - split: train path: sun/train-* - split: dev path: sun/dev-* - split: test path: sun/test-* - config_name: swa data_files: - split: train path: swa/train-* - split: dev path: swa/dev-* - split: test path: swa/test-* - config_name: swe data_files: - split: train path: swe/train-* - split: dev path: swe/dev-* - split: test path: swe/test-* - config_name: tat data_files: - split: train path: tat/train-* - split: dev path: tat/dev-* - split: test path: tat/test-* - config_name: ukr data_files: - split: train path: ukr/train-* - split: dev path: ukr/dev-* - split: test path: ukr/test-* - config_name: vmw data_files: - split: train path: vmw/train-* - split: dev path: vmw/dev-* - split: test path: vmw/test-* - config_name: xho data_files: - split: dev path: xho/dev-* - split: test path: xho/test-* - config_name: yor data_files: - split: train path: yor/train-* - split: dev path: yor/dev-* - split: test path: yor/test-* - config_name: zul data_files: - split: dev path: zul/dev-* - split: test path: zul/test-* --- # BRIGHTER Emotion Categories Dataset This dataset contains the emotion categories data from the BRIGHTER paper: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages. ## Dataset Description The BRIGHTER Emotion Categories dataset is a comprehensive multi-language, multi-label emotion classification dataset with separate configurations for each language. It represents one of the largest human-annotated emotion datasets across multiple languages. - **Total languages**: 28 languages - **Total examples**: 139583 - **Splits**: train, dev, test ## About BRIGHTER BRIGHTER addresses the gap in human-annotated textual emotion recognition datasets for low-resource languages. While most existing emotion datasets focus on English, BRIGHTER covers multiple languages, including many low-resource ones. The dataset was created by selecting text from various sources and having annotators label six categorical emotions: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. The dataset contains text in the following languages: Afrikaans, Algerian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, German, English, Spanish (Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico), Hausa, Hindi, Igbo, Indonesian, Javanese, Kinyarwanda, Marathi, Nigerian Pidgin, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Mozambique), Romanian, Russian, Sundanese, Swahili, Swedish, Tatar, Ukrainian, Makhuwa, Xhosa, Yoruba, and Zulu. ## Language Configurations Each language is available as a separate configuration with the following statistics: | Original Code | ISO Code | Train Examples | Dev Examples | Test Examples | Total | |---------------|----------|---------------|-------------|--------------|-------| | afr | af | 1222 | 196 | 2130 | 3548 | | arq | ar | 901 | 200 | 1804 | 2905 | | ary | ar | 1608 | 534 | 1624 | 3766 | | chn | zh | 2642 | 400 | 5284 | 8326 | | deu | de | 2603 | 400 | 5208 | 8211 | | eng | en | 2764 | 230 | 5528 | 8522 | | esp | es | 1996 | 368 | 3390 | 5754 | | hau | ha | 2145 | 712 | 2160 | 5017 | | hin | hi | 2556 | 200 | 2020 | 4776 | | ibo | ig | 2880 | 958 | 2888 | 6726 | | ind | id | 0 | 156 | 851 | 1007 | | jav | jv | 0 | 151 | 837 | 988 | | kin | rw | 2451 | 814 | 2462 | 5727 | | mar | mr | 2415 | 200 | 2000 | 4615 | | pcm | pcm | 3728 | 1240 | 3740 | 8708 | | ptbr | pt | 2226 | 400 | 4452 | 7078 | | ptmz | pt | 1546 | 514 | 1552 | 3612 | | ron | ro | 1241 | 246 | 2238 | 3725 | | rus | ru | 2679 | 398 | 2000 | 5077 | | sun | su | 924 | 398 | 1852 | 3174 | | swa | sw | 3307 | 1102 | 3312 | 7721 | | swe | sv | 1187 | 400 | 2376 | 3963 | | tat | tt | 1000 | 400 | 2000 | 3400 | | ukr | uk | 2466 | 498 | 4468 | 7432 | | vmw | vmw | 1551 | 516 | 1554 | 3621 | | xho | xh | 0 | 682 | 1594 | 2276 | | yor | yo | 2992 | 994 | 3000 | 6986 | | zul | zu | 0 | 875 | 2047 | 2922 | ## Features - **id**: Unique identifier for each example - **text**: Text content to classify - **anger**, **disgust**, **fear**, **joy**, **sadness**, **surprise**: Presence of emotion - **emotions**: List of emotions present in the text ## Dataset Characteristics This dataset provides binary labels for emotion presence, making it suitable for multi-label classification tasks. For regression tasks or fine-grained emotion analysis, please see the companion BRIGHTER-emotion-intensities dataset. ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset # Load all data for a specific language eng_dataset = load_dataset("brighter-dataset/BRIGHTER-emotion-categories", "eng") # Or load a specific split for a language eng_train = load_dataset("brighter-dataset/BRIGHTER-emotion-categories", "eng", split="train") ``` ## Citation If you use this dataset, please cite the following papers: ``` @misc{muhammad2025brighterbridginggaphumanannotated, title={BRIGHTER: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages}, author={Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Nedjma Ousidhoum and Idris Abdulmumin and Jan Philip Wahle and Terry Ruas and Meriem Beloucif and Christine de Kock and Nirmal Surange and Daniela Teodorescu and Ibrahim Said Ahmad and David Ifeoluwa Adelani and Alham Fikri Aji and Felermino D. M. A. Ali and Ilseyar Alimova and Vladimir Araujo and Nikolay Babakov and Naomi Baes and Ana-Maria Bucur and Andiswa Bukula and Guanqun Cao and Rodrigo Tufiño and Rendi Chevi and Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke and Alexandra Ciobotaru and Daryna Dementieva and Murja Sani Gadanya and Robert Geislinger and Bela Gipp and Oumaima Hourrane and Oana Ignat and Falalu Ibrahim Lawan and Rooweither Mabuya and Rahmad Mahendra and Vukosi Marivate and Andrew Piper and Alexander Panchenko and Charles Henrique Porto Ferreira and Vitaly Protasov and Samuel Rutunda and Manish Shrivastava and Aura Cristina Udrea and Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare and Sophie Wu and Florian Valentin Wunderlich and Hanif Muhammad Zhafran and Tianhui Zhang and Yi Zhou and Saif M. Mohammad}, year={2025}, eprint={2502.11926}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11926}, } ``` ``` @misc{muhammad2025semeval2025task11bridging, title={SemEval-2025 Task 11: Bridging the Gap in Text-Based Emotion Detection}, author={Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Nedjma Ousidhoum and Idris Abdulmumin and Seid Muhie Yimam and Jan Philip Wahle and Terry Ruas and Meriem Beloucif and Christine De Kock and Tadesse Destaw Belay and Ibrahim Said Ahmad and Nirmal Surange and Daniela Teodorescu and David Ifeoluwa Adelani and Alham Fikri Aji and Felermino Ali and Vladimir Araujo and Abinew Ali Ayele and Oana Ignat and Alexander Panchenko and Yi Zhou and Saif M. Mohammad}, year={2025}, eprint={2503.07269}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07269}, } ``` ## License This dataset is licensed under CC-BY 4.0.