journal,id,question,cover_image,answer,option_A,option_A_path,option_A_embedding_name,option_A_embedding_id,option_B,option_B_path,option_B_embedding_name,option_B_embedding_id,option_C,option_C_path,option_C_embedding_name,option_C_embedding_id,option_D,option_D_path,option_D_embedding_name,option_D_embedding_id,split
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_7.png,B,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,"Modeling genetic perturbation outcomes
Predicting the outcome of genetic perturbations: Roohani et al. present GEARS, a computational method that integrates deep learning with a knowledge graph of gene–gene relationships to simulate the effects of genetic perturbations.
See Roohani et al.
Image: Yusuf Roohani, Jure Leskovec and SayoStudio. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,clip,29_10.txt,val
Nature Photonics,18_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_2.png,B,"Using spectrally shaped counter-propagating femtosecond laser pulses, scientists demonstrate spatial and spectral coherent control in an atomic vapour, exciting atoms only at specific controlled locations in space with high resolution.
Letter p38; News & Views p6
IMAGE: BARMES et al.
COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/7_12.txt,ave_1,7_12.txt,"Ultra-intense Compton scattering
Artistic impression of a nonlinear Compton scattering experiment in which an electron bunch (blue) is accelerated by a laser wakefield to multi-gigaelectron volt energy and then collides with an ultra-intense petawatt laser pulse (red) and generates a strong gamma-ray beam (purple).
See Mirzaie et al.
Image: Ghazal Barati, Saeid Mirzaei and Mohammad Mirzaie (Center for Relativistic Laser Science). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_2.txt,groundtruth,18_2.txt,Gamma-ray radiation can be produced by Compton scattering an intense laser off relativistic electrons that have been accelerated in a laser plasma accelerator.Letter by Ta Phuoc  et al .IMAGE: TA PHUOC et al.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/6_8.txt,vitg,6_8.txt,"Artistic illustration of coherent nonlinear optical interactions taking place between a single molecule of dibenzanthanthrene and pump and probe beams containing just a few photons.
Letter p450; News & Views p438
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY VAHID SANDOGHDAR",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_6.txt,clip,10_6.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_23.png,A,"On the cover: From roots of stem cells to mammary majesty: the image is a visual narrative
of the origin of mammary gland from hair-associated apocrine glands. The tree of life
transforms into a portrait of a face, with roots as embryonic stem cells (white) that
differentiate into branched mammary glands, represented by the hair. To learn more
about how to generate the mammary lineage in 3D organoids by directed differentiation
of mouse ES cells, see Sahu et al. Image credit: Sounak Sahu, Joseph Meyer, and Allen Kane.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_23.txt,groundtruth,59_23.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,vith,56_2.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,ave_2,58_23.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_4.png,A,"The cover shows a novel therapeutic fusion protein that occurs as a homodimer. One monomer is colored according to the hydrogen exchange results, and the other monomer is colored according to the computational modeling results, both performed to understand the sites responsible for reversible self-association. The methodologies are indicated schematically, and the dual-colored dimer indicates the symbiosis of these methodologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_11.png,A,"On the cover: Yan, Li, Gao, et al. develop a 3D bioprinting technology that assembles human stem cell-derived neural
progenitors into neural tissues with functional connectivity. The cover illustrates
human brain tissue with functional networks (denoted in line nets) generated by 3D
bioprinting (indicated by protrusion of cells/bioink from the nozzles). Cover art
by Xin Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue features a series of reviews and a Forum article covering
promising advances in stem cell and gene therapy. The articles discuss preclinical
and clinical approaches designed to effectively target neurodegenerative diseases,
diabetes and blood disorders, the use of organoids for improved disease modelling
and drug discovery, and stem cell-based immune engineering methods. The cover illustration
is the original work of Yangzi Isabel Tian. It depicts light-responsive photoreceptors
(P), neurons (N), astrocytes (A), and microglia (M) as some examples of the diverse
stem cell-derived products developed to fight neurodegenerative diseases, as reviewed
by Sally Temple. Transplanted cells integrate with existing neural tissue and release
neurotransmitters, cytokines, and growth factors (GF) to reduce inflammation, prevent
cell death, and improve neural function.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_8.txt,vith,30_8.txt,"On the cover: A joint special issue between Cell Stem Cell and Trends in Biotechnology features a series of Reviews and opinion articles discussing the progress, remaining
challenges, and future opportunities in tissue engineering. Articles about technological
advances and applications in creating high-fidelity tissue models highlight the strengthening
bond between stem cell technology and bioengineering. The cover image celebrates recent
advances toward the clinical translation of tissue-engineered constructs including
biofabrication (left) and functionalized scaffolds (right), and it was conceived by
Anh Nguyen and Matt Pavlovich and created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/22_4.txt,vitg,22_4.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_8.png,B,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,"Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic filter-feeding animals that live in
freshwater habitats worldwide. In this issue, Wilson et al. discuss how recombination
interlinks with three strange features of bdelloids: high levels of horizontal gene
acquisition, stress-tolerance, and an apparent lack of males. This individual of the
species Rotaria macrura is about 500 μm long, is attached to floating debris from a
pond in Hattingen, Germany, and was collected and photographed by Michael Plewka.
It is feeding using the ciliated discs (corona) on either side of its red eye-spots.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_8.txt,groundtruth,40_8.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_2,29_3.txt,test
NATURE GENETICS,56_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_5.png,C,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,The bovine ancestry of the domestic yak (p 470),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/49_10.txt,ave_0,49_10.txt,"On the road to ruminant T2T genomics
The ruminant telomere-to-telomere (RT2T) consortium aims to generate complete diploid assemblies for many ruminant species to examine chromosomal evolution in the context of natural selection and domestication.
See Kalbfleisch et al.
Image: Westend61/ Westend61/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_5.txt,groundtruth,56_5.txt,GTExStyles by Erin Dewalt (CC-BY source images doi:10.1038/nature24277),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/49_1.txt,clip,49_1.txt,test
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_4.png,A,"Exploring the contrast in confidence levels regarding the existence of
invisible scientific phenomena, such as oxygen, and invisible religious phenomena,
like God, raises questions about the role of direct experience versus testimony in
shaping beliefs across different domains. Conventional explanations often attribute
belief formation in scientific phenomena to direct experience and belief formation
in religious phenomena to testimony. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Ma and colleagues propose that beliefs in both scientific and religious domains are
predominantly shaped by testimony, challenging the traditional view. By highlighting
the influence of testimony over direct experience, they underscore the significance
of
credibility and cultural input in shaping individuals' ontological beliefs across
domains.
Cover image from Fotosearch/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_4.txt,groundtruth,28_4.txt,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,ave_1,21_11.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Rosenberg, Finn, Scheinost, Constable, and Chun discuss advances in connectivity-based
predictive modeling, how these methods inform our understanding of attention, and
how they can be applied to other cognitive domains. Cover image from iStockphoto/SomkiatFakmee.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_9.txt,ave_2,21_9.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_4.png,C,"Complete photonic bandgap in the visible
The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light.
See Yang et al.
Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt,vith,19_1.txt,"Devices that manipulate single electrons have applications in many areas of nanotechnology. The artist's impression on the cover shows the tip of an atomic force microscope creating a single-electron transistor at the interface between two oxide materials. Jeremy Levy and co-workers have used this approach to make a transistor in which single electrons tunnel between two nanowires through a conducting island with a diameter of just ~1.5 nm. The island (white circle at the bottom of the image), nanowires and other features are formed from a single oxide-based material that can be erased and rewritten, which is why the devices are called sketched oxide single-electron transistors.
Image credit: Guanglei Cheng.
Letter p343",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/6_7.txt,clip,6_7.txt,"Polariton condensation on the edge
The image presents a topologically protected polariton emission formed by hybridizing optical and excitonic excitations in a halide perovskite microcavity.
See Kai Peng et al.
Image: Kai Peng, Wei Li, and Wei Bao, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_4.txt,groundtruth,19_4.txt,"Research into public perceptions of nanotechnology is becoming more rigorous with social scientists developing and testing increasingly complex theoretical models, as demonstrated by three papers in this issue. Dan Kahan and coworkers investigated the influence of cultural factors - in particular, whether individuals were pro- or anti-commerce - on attitudes towards the risks and benefits associated with nanotechnology; Dietram Scheufele and colleagues combined the results of public surveys in the US and Europe to explore the influence of religious beliefs on public perceptions of nanotechnology. In the third study Nick Pidgeon and co-workers found that energy applications of nanotechnology were viewed more positively than health applications in workshops organized in the UK and the US. (Image credit: Dariusz Miszkiel/123RF.)
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letters p87, 91 and 95; News & Views p79; Editorial p71",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/4_11.txt,vitg,4_11.txt,val
Molecular Plant,17_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_10.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,"On The Cover Quantitation of ultra-trace gibberellins in a single flower and its sub-organs of
Arabidopsis thaliana by chemical-labeling-based LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Image by: Dongmei Li, Zhenpeng Guo
and Yi Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_13.txt,vith,9_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,clip,16_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a paradox of callus proliferation during in vitro plant regeneration. Hypoxic microenvironments resulted from active callus proliferation
during the in vitro plant regeneration process intrinsically inhibit callus regeneration competence.
Low oxygen levels in callus (shown in red) activate the RAP2.12 protein, which promotes
salicylic acid biosynthesis to inhibit callus cell pluripotency. Given that continuous
cell proliferation is essential for pluripotency maintenance, cell proliferation-induced
hypoxia would be an unavoidable intrinsic limitation for tissue culture. This bottleneck
can be overcome by hyperoxia treatment (i.e., excess supply of oxygen), providing
an opportunity to increase plant tissue culture efficiency. Image by Pil Joon Seo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_10.txt,groundtruth,17_10.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_86,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_86.png,B,"ONLINE COVER  Opening Doors. Robot swarms are designed to achieve complex global behaviors through simple local interactions between robots with very rudimentary sensing and locomotive abilities. Boudet et al. demonstrate that a swarm of primitive, centimeter-scale, vibrating robots bound by a deformable metal scaffold can give rise to directional motion. The mechanically coupled motion of the simple robots and the scaffold enable nontrivial space exploration in specifically configured environments. This month's cover is a photograph of a swarm of simple robots in a flexible membrane passing through a door. [CREDIT: HAMID KELLAY, JEAN FRANÇOIS BOUDET, BENJAMIN GORIN/UNIVERSITY OFBORDEAUX]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_56.txt,vitg,6_56.txt,ONLINE COVER Programmable Matter—Lattice structures can be self-assembled and reconfigured autonomously using robots. Gregg et al. report on a self-reprogrammable system made of lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber–reinforced composite unit cells that can be assembled by transport and fastening robots. The robots work collaboratively with the aid of a path-planning algorithm to build lattice structures of desired geometry and to form mechanical metamaterials at scale. This month’s cover is an image of the robots working collaboratively to build the metamaterial lattice structure. Credit: NASA/Brandon Torres,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_86.txt,groundtruth,9_86.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,ave_1,7_68.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_2.png,A,"This cover depicts a promising approach in drug discovery for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Via phenotypic discovery of triple-target combinations with synergistic effects on microglia, an in silico restricted fragment docking strategy was developed to achieve “three birds with one stone”. The optimal ligand showed in vitro and in vivo efficacy by precisely modulating targets of interest. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,test
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_7.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Ng et al. demonstrate a self-driving digital twin that is designed to automatically improve
the performance of roll-to-roll printed solar cells using high-throughput, closed-loop
techniques driven by machine learning. This month's cover depicts a robotics-controlled,
high-throughput roll-to-roll printer that prints out solar cells, much like what has
been demonstrated in the paper. The cover was designed by Leonard Ng Wei Tat.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated
in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest
of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field.
Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.png,D,"Seillet and colleagues demonstrate that the neurohormone VIP, produced by enteric neurons in response to feeding, activates VIPR2 on ILC3 to coordinate anticipatory defense mechanisms through IL-22 to protect mucosal tissues.
See Seillet et al.
Image: Nicolas Jacquelot, Kylie Luong, Cyril Seillet. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_11.txt,vitg,21_11.txt,"Germinal center response efficiency
Ludewig and colleagues use fate-mapping reporter cells, single-cell RNA-seq analysis and high-resolution microscopy to identify and track the spatial reorganization of follicular reticular cells within germinal centers during the course of an immune response.
See Ludewig and Clark and Klein N&Vs
IMAGE: Natalia Pikor. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_7.txt,vith,21_7.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"Sentinel macrophage–nociceptor crosstalk
Why joints are highly responsive to systemic inflammation is unknown. Hasegawa et al. sought to address this question, developing a whole-mount imaging system of the entire synovium to profile the vascular, neuronal and immune components.
See Hasegawa et al.
Image credit: Tetsuo Hasegawa, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/7_1.png,C,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Looking for the right questions
Machine learning offers a powerful tool to scientists for probing data. But these tools must be developed with the right questions in mind. This issue features a Perspective exploring the challenges for social sciences to connect to AI research, a Comment from conservation ecologists urging a focus on the right metrics and ethical approach for applying machine learning ‘in the wild’, and the next instalment of our Challenge Accepted series, highlighting the challenge of finding the right question — and prize — when organizing data science competitions.
Image: Gonzalo Rodriguez Gaspar, GRG Studios. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_11.txt,vith,1_11.txt,"Exploring causality, dynamics and cognition with LLMs
Modern vision-based large language models (LLMs) appear remarkably human-like at first glance. However, when tested on canonical psychology experiments, they fall short of human capabilities in predicting complex physical interactions, causal relationships, and intuitive understanding of others’ preferences. The image shows an embodied agent playing pool and aiming at a block tower, illustrating the experiments that the models were tested on.
See Schulze Buschoff et al.
Image: Elif Akata, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Intelligent collaboration within reach
As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics.
See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg
Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_3.png,B,"This  cover shows the friction between a pair of silicon anvils in the non-Amontons  (high pressure) and non-Coulomb (low sliding speed) regime. The nanometer-scale silicon crystalline anvils are brought into contact and form a decrystalized  junction due to high pressure. The lower anvil moves laterally at low sliding  speed, resulting in superplastic shear deformation of the junction. The results are expected to lead to a better understanding of quasi-static friction under  high pressure and open a new window onto geoscience, materials science, and nanotechnology. Tadashi Ishida, Takaaki Sato, Takahiro Ishikawa, Masatsugu  Oguma, Noriaki Itamura, Keisuke Goda, Naruo Sasaki, and Hiroyuki Fujita, p 1476.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2015_10.txt,ave_1,2015_10.txt,An evanescent near field (golden particles) beneath the apex of a metallic tip launches a surface plasmon polariton wave (golden surface wave) on an atomically thin graphene layer (hexagonal ball and stick model).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The nanomasking method enables fabrication of  hollow nanoparticles with dual-scale porosity on the shell, which efficiently  encapsulate macromolecular cargos such as immunogenic non-human enzymes filled  through mesopores into a hollow interior, shielding them from antibodies and proteases  once the mesopores are sealed with nanoporous material. The cover image shows an  artistic 3D model of these nanoparticles while enzymes are diffusing through  mesopores on the surface (upper left). The nanomasking method provides  independent control of the particle permeability and size and, at the same  time, yields monodisperse nanoparticles as shown in the electron micrograph of  multiple nanoparticles with diameters around 430 nm (center). A  close-up electron micrograph of an individual nanoparticle with a  diameter of 430 nm reveals the precise control that can be achieved by the  technique (bottom right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2014_7.txt,vitg,2014_7.txt,"This cover shows a three-dimensionally rendered ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope image of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecular chains on an epitaxial graphene surface. PCDA is used as a template for growing sub-10 nm oxide nanostructures on graphene via atomic layer deposition. Justice M. P. Alaboson, Chun-Hong Sham, Sumit Kewalramani, Jonathan D. Emery, James E. Johns, Aparna Deshpande, TeYu Chien, Michael J. Bedzyk, Jeffrey W. Elam, Michael J. Pellin, and Mark C. Hersam, pp 5763.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2013_1.txt,clip,2013_1.txt,train
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.png,A,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Advances in industrial organic synthesis are essential for the successful commercialization of novel, efficient, and reliable chemical processes. Through application of new technologies and collaboration across disciplines, as noted on the cover of this joint Special Issue from JOC and OPR&D, organic chemists are accelerating the conversion of molecules to many useful products that improve human health and quality of life.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_21.txt,clip,2022_21.txt,The cover art shows carboxylic acid functionalization using sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene source in the presence of [VO(acac)2]. The cover art was created by Fathima Koothradan and Chinnappan Sivasankar.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_9.txt,ave_1,2022_9.txt,"With prosperous development over the past decade, visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for organic chemistry. This approach offers the advantage of activating and transforming organic substrates with broad functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. With this latest JOC Special Issue, the Editorial Team is pleased to showcase the latest research trends in photocatalysis. The cover was designed by Associate Editor Géraldine Masson and Guest Editors Munetaka Akita, Paola Ceroni, and Corey Stephenson.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2023_15.txt,vitg,2023_15.txt,train
Med,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_1.png,C,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the cover: Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, making prognosis
and treatment challenging. Interlesional response heterogeneity (ILRH) poses challenges
to the abiraterone treatment of prostate cancer. This variability in drug response
can be likened to musical notes on a staff. Pan et al. used PET/CT imaging to evaluate the ILRH and stratify patients from single pattern
on the left (traditional methods) into distinct response patterns, depicted by three
musical patterns on the right (new approach). This underscores the potential value
of integrating PET/CT imaging into the design of future clinical trials. Cover credit:
Ruozhen Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Chemotherapies are currently dosed based on a patient's height and weight,
using an equation from 1916 to estimate their body surface area. This method leads
to variability in pharmacokinetics, potentially causing increased toxicities and decreased
efficacy. Personalized dosing could improve the patient's experience by providing
a more accurate dose, reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy. In this
issue of Med, DeRidder et al. develop a closed-loop automated drug infusion regulator (CLAUDIA) system to address
this challenge by ensuring the drug reaches the target concentration regardless of
other factors. This illustration depicts a positive treatment experience, with patients
walking unbothered by their personalized chemotherapy dose represented by colorful
IV bags floating like balloons. Recovery is gentler, and daily life is less impacted
by chemotherapy. Cover credit: Virginia E. Fulford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_6.txt,clip,5_6.txt,val
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_6.png,C,"Synthesis of a Photoluminescent and Triboluminescent Copper(I) Compound: An Experiment for an Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory” (DOI: 10.1021/ed2001494), Fabio Marchetti, Corrado Di Nicola, Riccardo Pettinari, Ivan Timokhin, and Claudio Pettinari describe a simple synthesis of a copper(I) derivative from inexpensive reactants: pyridine, triphenylphosphine, and copper(I) thiocyanate. This derivative exhibits strong photoluminescence (as shown on the cover) and, in the crystalline form, also exhibits strong triboluminescence. This experiment, designed for upper-level chemistry majors in an advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory, provides an opportunity for introducing students to the phenomena of both luminescence and triboluminescence.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2012_8.txt,clip,2012_8.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00546), Yu-Chun Chiu, Matthew A. Jenks, Michelle Richards-Babb, Betsy B. Ratcliff, John A. Juvik, and Kang-Mo Ku discuss an inexpensive and engaging laboratory-based activity to help students learn about the scientific method as well as the role of plant epicuticular waxes and surfactant function on waxy plant leaves. As part of the experiment (and shown on the cover), nontreated collard leaves (Brassica oleraceae L. Acephala group; left image) and brushed collard leaves (in which the epicuticular wax has been removed; center image) were sprayed with water to demonstrate hydrophobicity of epicuticular waxes. In addition, nontreated collard leaves were sprayed with Tween 20 containing water (right image) to demonstrate the function of a surfactant. This lab can also be used to further students? understanding of more advanced chemical concepts (such as intermolecular forces, hydrophobicity, surface tension, and the dual polarity of surfactants) and as a practical example of issues faced by the agricultural industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2017_11.txt,vitg,2017_11.txt,"Vivid illustrations of phase phenomena can be achieved in the classroom or laboratory using simple mixtures of liquids. In this issue, J. Charles Williamson presents three papers on liquid–liquid demonstrations that reveal different facets of phase transitions and equilibria. ""Phase Equilibria and the Lever Rule"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01517) details preparation of an immiscible hexaphasic liquid mixture (shown on the cover separating after agitation) and discusses the visual verification of the lever rule using a system of partially miscible isobutyric acid and water (IAW) plus dye. ""Critical Opalescence"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01518) describes how a single-phase IAW sample changes from colorless to pale blue to turbid white as it cools down toward the critical temperature, demonstrating a universal critical behavior. Finally, ""Spinodal Decomposition"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01519) explains how slow cooling of that same IAW sample into the two-phase region initiates a rarely observed phase separation process: thermodynamic instability over the entire liquid sample results in transient structural order that can be observed in real time with a laser diffraction technique.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_6.txt,groundtruth,2021_6.txt,"In ""Synthesizing Substituted 2-Amino-2-chromenes Catalyzed by Tertiaryamine-Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Fiber for Students To Investigate Multicomponent Reactions and Heterogeneous Catalysis"" (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_1.txt,ave_1,2016_1.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_8.png,B,"We invite readers to explore the newest addition to the Trends collection Trends in Cancer, which aims to cover a range of topics in cancer research including the latest developments
in basic, translational and clinical sciences, pharma R&D, technology, ethics, and
policy. The inaugural issue of Trends in Cancer tackles the big questions in cancer research today by leading researchers in the
field. The cover depicts an image of a crab or cancer in Latin. The name cancer comes from early observations by Greek physician Hippocrates
of finger-like projections emanating from the diseased mass, calling to mind the shape
of a crab (carcinos in Greek, and later, cancer in Latin). The concept was developed by Danielle Loughlin and Kip Lyall, and the
image was designed by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"Ferroptotic therapy represents a promising approach in cancer treatment
by exploiting nonapoptotic cell death, characterized by iron accumulation and
uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, to target cancer cells. However, its use has potential
adverse effects as well as context-dependent effects on anticancer immunity that
require consideration for successful implementation. In this issue, Catanzaro et al.
propose that immunogenicity of ferroptosis is context-dependent. In another review,
Liu et al. discuss the adverse events related to targeted ferroptosis-based therapy. The
cover depicts a golfer using his nine-iron to hit the ball (inducing ferroptosis).
Depending
on the conditions (TME, immune cells, etc.), the ball can go into the hole (on target
effect, killing cancer cell) or land outside the fairway (off-target effect, adverse
events or
immunogenicity). Cover image from gettyimages/chuwy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_8.txt,groundtruth,10_8.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"Metronomic therapy has been seen for long as the continuous administration of low
doses of chemotherapy multi-targeting the tumor microenvironment. On pages 319–325
in this issue, André et al. challenge this conventional notion and discuss the clinical
implications of direct cancer-cell toxicity effects. Cover image by iStock/Panptys.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_8.txt,clip,3_8.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_3.png,B,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,"Fluorescence microscopy reveals core/shell microparticle structures formed using a three-fluid nozzle spray-drying process. Alginate-based microparticles exhibit distinct layers of green (FITC) fluorescence in the core and red (rhodamine B) fluorescence in the shell, highlighting effective encapsulation of Polymyxin B and controlled release properties in antimicrobial drug delivery.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,val
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_15.png,B,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,"In crystalline solids, especially in rotaxanes, solvates are common as a result of intrinsic topologies. Our goal is to explore solvent roles in rotaxane crystallization using the supramolecular cluster methodology and tetralactam macrocycle-based rotaxanes. Understanding solvate formation is crucial for applying molecular machines in the solid state.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_5.txt,vith,2019_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.png,B,"Hardware-aware neural architecture search is a useful tool to design efficient in-memory computing hardware for deep-learning accelerators. The cover image highlights a successful combination. SeeKrestinskaya et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.txt,clip,1_7.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,groundtruth,1_5.txt,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.png,C,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,ave_0,2024_10.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_9.png,A,"The oxygen-terminated nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond microsensor exhibits high-antifouling properties against protein adsorption and exceptional electrochemical activities, allowing for in vivo monitoring of dopamine dynamics in rat brains and presenting a potential solution for the design of next-generation antifouling neural recording sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_2,2016_6.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_1,2024_1.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_8.png,D,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,ave_1,2024_3.txt,"The cover depicts the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy characterization of thin-film FeO/Au(100). A laser is confined to the tip-sample junction with the silver tip extremely close to the FeO, which induces the enhanced Raman signal. This research unveils a gateway to the chemical probing of thin-film oxide materials at the nanoscale.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_11.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p83.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,"'Underpinnings' by Patrick Morgan, inspired by the Review on p247.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/15_9.txt,vith,15_9.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Inspired by the Review on p208.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_9.txt,ave_0,19_9.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,val
Lab Animal,53_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_3.png,D,"Pigs got rhythm
Pigs and humans share a vast range of characteristics, including heart anatomy, cardiac electrophysiological properties and hemodynamics, which make pigs a well suited model to study cardiovascular diseases. In a new protocol, Schüttler, Tomsits, Bleyer et al. provide a practical guide to set up pig models for heart disease research, including cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis studies.
See Schüttler et al.
ECG image: Dominik Schüttler and Sebastian Clauss. Illustration and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_10.txt,vitg,51_10.txt,"Pig models in pain research
Chronic pain, which affects the lives of approximately 20% of the population, is a public health problem and priority. Although small animal models have greatly contributed to our understanding of pain mechanisms, research in rodents has often failed to deliver novel effective treatments. Large animal models, more similar to humans, could facilitate the successful translation of bench observations into clinical applications. A new Review discusses available pig models for pain research, and compares them in term of intensity and duration. The Review also discusses how improved pain assessment methods may be the key to a successful pig-to-human translation.
See Meijs et al.
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_1.txt,vith,50_1.txt,"The pig takes on cancer
The pig is poised to take its place in the preclinical pipeline as a large animal option for cancer research. With anatomical, physiological, and genetic similarities to humans, the pig could soon be a big help in bridging the gap between mouse and man.
See Neff
Image: Dish: TEK IMAGE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty, Pig: ru_/ iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_9.txt,clip,48_9.txt,"New method to extend the survival of SCID pigs
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) pigs do not live long enough to reproduce naturally. Monarch et al. show that reconstituting the immune system of SCID piglets with fetal bone allografts extends their lifespan, allowing them to reach puberty. This new method may improve the availability and use of SCID pigs as a biomedical animal model.
See Monarch et al
Cover image: Illustration by Marina Spence based on photo from Kaylynn Monarch. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_3.txt,groundtruth,53_3.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_4.png,C,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,vith,2_5.txt,"Machine learning in mental health research
The capabilities of machine learning, and artificial intelligence more broadly, have captured our collective imagination. A discipline that once seemed more like science fiction, machine learning is now being harnessed and applied to many fields, including psychiatry and mental health research. Machine learning holds the ability to combine massive datasets — brain scan images, electronic health records and real-time affective measurements — to identify relationships and patterns among variables that may be used to stratify risk, diagnose disorders or predict treatment response. The January cover is intended to evoke the notion that applying machine learning techniques in mental health research is both an art and a science. Just as machine learning models must be refined by human-defined parameters, researchers are also learning how best to apply these techniques in a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Lucasius et al.on using machine learning in psychiatry.
Image: Marina Spence and Jackie Niam / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"Translational science in mental health research
In our September issue, we publish new work and commentary that feature translational science. As a nod to the translational role that bridges work from animal models to clinical research, the cover displays the profiles of a mouse and a human head in a contiguous line drawing. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of clinical and animal work in mental health research, in which so much is dependent on what can be observed and demonstrated preclinically before it can be translated in humans.
Read more about the enduring importance of translational work in mental health research in our Editorial.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_4.txt,groundtruth,2_4.txt,"Light exposure and mental health
The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention.
See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_32,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_32.png,D,"A long polypeptide chain, exceeding 700 amino acids, is propelled through a protein nanopore. Phosphorylation-specific binders, when bound to the translocating peptide, create unique signatures that enable the detection of phosphoserine sites over 250 residues apart within a single chain. [Cover by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.txt,clip,2024_17.txt,"A molecular construct designed to release active drugs on two cancer environment triggers could bring new therapy options to solid tumors with intratumoral heterogeneity. See Sessler, Chi, Kim, and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07171. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_13.txt,vith,2019_13.txt,The cover represents an artistic view of the dynamic equilibrium in which conjugated porphyrin dimers (endowed with suitable crown ethers) associate with two fullerene-based guest molecules (bearing ammonium salts) by means of supramolecular forces involving complementary ammonium-crown ether interactions and π−π interactions between the porphyrin rings and the C60 moieties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_5.txt,ave_2,2016_5.txt,"An enzyme-cored spherical nucleic acid nanoplatform (CAT-ecSNA-Cu) used to deliver copper ions for cuproptosis was obtained based on enzyme–nucleic acid coupling and rolling circle amplification techniques. This strategy of enhancing cuproptosis-mediated anti-tumor immune responses by alleviating hypoxia promotes the activation of effector T cells, ultimately leading to long-term immunity against cancer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_32.txt,groundtruth,2024_32.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_2.png,C,"The nanomasking method enables fabrication of  hollow nanoparticles with dual-scale porosity on the shell, which efficiently  encapsulate macromolecular cargos such as immunogenic non-human enzymes filled  through mesopores into a hollow interior, shielding them from antibodies and proteases  once the mesopores are sealed with nanoporous material. The cover image shows an  artistic 3D model of these nanoparticles while enzymes are diffusing through  mesopores on the surface (upper left). The nanomasking method provides  independent control of the particle permeability and size and, at the same  time, yields monodisperse nanoparticles as shown in the electron micrograph of  multiple nanoparticles with diameters around 430 nm (center). A  close-up electron micrograph of an individual nanoparticle with a  diameter of 430 nm reveals the precise control that can be achieved by the  technique (bottom right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2014_7.txt,clip,2014_7.txt,"This cover shows a three-dimensionally rendered ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope image of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecular chains on an epitaxial graphene surface. PCDA is used as a template for growing sub-10 nm oxide nanostructures on graphene via atomic layer deposition. Justice M. P. Alaboson, Chun-Hong Sham, Sumit Kewalramani, Jonathan D. Emery, James E. Johns, Aparna Deshpande, TeYu Chien, Michael J. Bedzyk, Jeffrey W. Elam, Michael J. Pellin, and Mark C. Hersam, pp 5763.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2013_1.txt,ave_2,2013_1.txt,"Tuning the mechanobiology of cells can enhance the interaction between nanoparticles and the cell membrane. As a key regulator of cell mechanics, the inhibition of yes-associated protein (YAP) may be leveraged to optimize cell",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"In situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy electrodeposition of PtNi nanoparticle films on a carbon electrode during cyclic voltammetry. The film thickness increases with each cycle, and by the fourth cycle, the reaction rate limited growth of branched and porous structures was observed. Cover designed by Weronika Wojtowicz (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2024_12.txt,ave_1,2024_12.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.png,B,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers,
published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration
with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied
research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_5.png,B,"'Splicing things up in cancer' by Lara Crow, inspired by the Review on p413.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/16_6.txt,vitg,16_6.txt,"The road less travelled, inspired by the Roadmap on p578.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_5.txt,groundtruth,24_5.txt,"Fields colliding, inspired by the Perspective on p157.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,"Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_6.png,B,"Carbon nanobelts with a twist
Fully-fused Möbius carbon nanobelts are synthesized using a bottom-up approach in which the aromatic carbon chain is formed by sequential Wittig reactions. This synthesis may pave the way for the development of nanocarbon materials with complex topological structures.
See Segawa et al.
Image: Issey Takahashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_6.txt,vith,1_6.txt,"Electroreduction of CO2 for C–X bond formation
Electrochemical cross-coupling is a possible sustainable synthetic route for important chemicals containing carbon–heteroatom bonds. This Review outlines different coupling strategies and discusses how the topic is approached from the perspectives of theoretical modelling, electrolyser construction, and technoeconomic analysis.
See Kornienko et al.
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Bonn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_6.txt,groundtruth,3_6.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,clip,2_6.txt,"Functionalization by transfer
Functionalization of C(sp 3)–H bonds via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is typically photo- or electrochemically induced, is a key transformation in the synthesis of complex molecules. This Focus issue overviews technological, catalytic and method-based innovations that have enabled this field to develop.
The cover image is from a Perspective describing how HAT catalysis facilitates acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling between two C–H bonds.
See Ohmatsu and Ooi
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_10.txt,vitg,2_10.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_1.png,C,"Ring of death
Cells undergoing ferroptosis, an oxidative form of cell death, exhibit an accumulation of oxidized lipids at the plasma membrane. The cover image depicts a dying HT-1080 cell with lipids visualized as a glowing green ‘ring of death’ using a lipid reactive oxygen species probe.
See Dixon et al. and Birsoy et al
IMAGE: Leslie Magtanong. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_7.txt,vith,17_7.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"A mark for degradation
Seabrook et al. developed MrTAC, a targeted protein degradation modality using arginine methylation to shuttle intracellular proteins to lysosomes for rapid degradation. The cover shows a confocal microscopy image of methylated proteins (gold) in HeLa cells organizing into cytosolic puncta with a nuclear costain (DAPI, blue).
See Seabrook et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Laurence Seabrook, University of California, Irvine. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,test
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_11.png,C,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,N-Terminal site-specific biotin and digoxigenin (DIG) conjugated reagents are applied to the clinical anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay development for a VHH antibody using the bridging ELISA format. The site-specific conjugates demonstrated superior purity and homogeneity compared to conventional conjugates and can potentially reduce the possibility of missing detection of ADAs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The cover picture shows graphical artwork of a chimeric molecule peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO), which consists of a helix-stabilized cell-penetrating peptide and an antisense PMO, in efficient cellular uptake and antisense activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_14.png,A,"On the cover: Scanning electron micrograph of the sound mechano-sensitive hair bundle, a key target
for Clarin-2-mediated therapeutics to preserve audition. Mendia and colleagues demonstrate successful maintenance of hearing through AAV gene delivery to the inner
ear. Image credit: Sandrine Vitry and Jean-Marc Panaud.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_14.txt,groundtruth,32_14.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,ave_3,26_4.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,val
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_1.png,B,"AI and epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p319.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.txt,clip,20_7.txt,"The digital clinic, inspired by the Perspective on p738
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Advances in deep brain stimulation technology, inspired by the Review on p75
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_11.txt,vith,17_11.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,train
Nature Water,2_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_11.png,B,"An all-water mission
Water observing and monitoring, both ground-based and space-based, are essential for understanding the water cycle and managing water resources. A recently launched space observatory, called the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides direct, high-resolution measurements of water elevation and volume across various water bodies, including open and coastal oceans (shown as coloured sea surface height anomalies), as well as lakes and rivers (displayed as water surface elevations), making it a truly comprehensive surface water mission. The image shows a snapshot of Earth’s surface water elevation from the SWOT satellite mission during its inaugural science orbit. Fully validated data is now publicly available for scientists to study changing water and energy cycles and for users to manage water resources worldwide.
See Vinogradova et al.
Image: NASA. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"Open evapotranspiration data support water management
Annual evapotranspiration rates computed from OpenET for irrigated agricultural lands and wetland areas near the confluence of the Columbia and Snake rivers contrast with evapotranspiration from the surrounding shrubland and grassland ecosystems. OpenET uses satellite imagery and gridded meteorological data to provide publicly accessible evapotranspiration information to support data-driven water management. In this issue, the OpenET Consortium answers the question ‘how accurate is OpenET’ with model intercomparison and accuracy assessment of field-scale (30 m) evapotranspiration data from six satellite-driven models.
See Volk et al.
IMAGE: openetdata.org. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_11.txt,groundtruth,2_11.txt,"Linking water and ecosystems
Ecohydrology utilizes the knowledge of both ecological and hydrological processes across various scales. It focuses on the complex interactions between water and ecosystems: how water affects the ecological systems and how ecosystems, in turn, influence the water cycle and water quality. Research in ecohydrology aims to advance the understanding of the interactions and to provide solutions that contribute to enhancing ecosystem conservation and sustainable water resource management.
The cover shows a UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Site: the area of Lake Wood, part of the Eddleston Water Project near Peebles, UK. The Eddleston Water Project serves as a dynamic testing ground for natural flood management techniques, which aim to bolster food resilience through the restoration of natural processes that slow water flow and increase water retention within the river system. This project demonstrates how ecohydrology research supports flood risk management, climate change adaptation and biodiversity enhancement at catchment scale.
See Editorial.
Image: Colin McLean Photography. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_10.txt,ave_1,2_10.txt,"Cyanobacterial scum from a harmful algal bloom
Cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystin produced by these blooms threaten water resources around the globe. Regions with the highest risk for elevated microcystin concentrations are expected to shift to higher latitudes under global warming. The image on the cover shows cyanobacterial scum from a harmful algal bloom in Milford Lake, located in Kansas, USA.
See Merder et al.
Image: Ted D. Harris, Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,test
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_2.png,A,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The cover depicts highly conductive, off-stoichiometric ZrO2−x nanofiber materials with enhanced surface activities. ZrO2 has been rarely recognized as an electrode material owing to its exceptionally high bandgap as an insulator. By modifying the insulating ZrO2 to conductive ZrO2−x nanofibers, we could provide synergistic merits, including (i) fast electron transport pathways, when used as an electronic substrate, (ii) enhanced catalytic activity for energy applications, and (iii) robust stability.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2019_8.txt,vith,2019_8.txt,"Cover art portrays the multifunctional membrane design comprising graphene (Gr) nanosheet and garnet solid-state electrolyte (SSE) that effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttling effect and adeptly promotes the Li-ion diffusion in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Due to the synergistic contributions of Gr and SSE, Purdue University's experimental battery research group and University of Calgary's solid-state materials research group successfully demonstrated ultrastable and high-rate Li–S batteries. The incorporation of SSE into the conductive Gr concept provides an innovative strategy to improve the electrochemical kinetics and reactions, opening a new method to advance the development of next generation Li–S batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_5.txt,clip,2018_5.txt,"The strategically engineered N,O-codoped carbon spheres using molecularly designed polybenzoxazine particles are explored using a template-free colloidal technique. Evaluated in supercapacitor applications, the carbon material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, highlighting its potential for energy storage devices. The cover art has been prepared in part using an AI tool at https://copilot.microsoft.com/.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.png,A,"Liquid droplets (top left) generated from antibodies (red) and polyglutamate (green) were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (purple). Through this magic, the antibodies were effectively delivered into cells to bind target proteins in the cytosol (green).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Berberine chloride and four aliphatic dicarboxylic acids form novel cocrystals with higher melting point, improved dissolution, and lower hygroscopicity. The melting points and intrinsic dissolution rates of these cocrystals exhibit an",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,γ,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_7.txt,vitg,2020_7.txt,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,vith,2023_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.png,D,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,ave_1,2023_11.txt,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_6.png,A,"In this perspective, we discuss how one can correlate computational catalysis results with experimental techniques, such as calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and XPS measurements. For example, configuration space mapping for the alloying of Ru into Fe(100) through a lattice gas model enables the construction of coverage-dependent microkinetic models involving oxygenated aromatics and identifies a catalytically relevant ground state structure. This structure features Fe (gold spheres) alloyed with Ru at the surface (pink spheres) and Ru at subsurface sites (large red spheres). The lattice gas model accounts for 2-body and 3-body interactions (examples shown), as well as higher-order interactions, which are quantified using first-principles calculations. The lateral interactions between oxygenated aromatics can also be quantified within a mean-field model, allowing for the correlation with core-level binding energy shifts observed in XPS measurements. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,Virtual issue highlighting the science and publications in The Journal of Physical Chemistry (JPC) by scientists and researchers from India.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2017_24.txt,vith,2017_24.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Mechanistic Study of the Effect of Epoxy Groups on Ethylene Carbonate Decomposition Reaction on Carbon Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (15), 8031–8044. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10702). Clockwise from top left: Type-I CdSe/ZnS Heteronanoplatelets Exhibit Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Interfacial Trap-Mediated Hole Transfer (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (43), 23945–23951. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07390); Tuning the Sheet Resistance, Ferromagnetism, and H2O2 Sensitivity of ITO Film by Introducing Tunable Pores (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (18), 10159–10164. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02583); Tunable and Well-Defined Bimodal Porous Model Electrodes for Revealing Multiscale Structural Effects in the Nonaqueous Li–O2 Electrode Process (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (2), 1403–1413. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10446); Determination of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield of a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (13), 7392–7400. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00310).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2022_51.txt,clip,2022_51.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Role of Molecular Simulations in the Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas-Phase Thermocatalysis: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (14), 6111–6118. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10778). Counter-clockwise from middle left: Molecularly Designed Cluster–Surface Interaction for Halogen-like and Alkali-like Metal-Encapsulating Silicon Cage Superatoms on n- and p-Type Organic Substrates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (26), 10889–10899. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02196), image by Takashi Tsujino; Ligand-Structure-Dependent Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt(II) Dimers (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (28), 11487–11497. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02256); Understanding the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Metal Nanoclusters: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (40), 16928–16942. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05301); Understanding the Phase Equilibrium and Kinetics of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transition in CoOxHy during Electrocatalytic Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (43), 18198–18207. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04813).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_11.png,B,"Closing in on plant-based actuators
With the help of conformable electrodes, a Venus flytrap can be converted into an on-demand actuator that can be wirelessly controlled via a smartphone and has a power input of only 10−5 W. The cover shows a photograph of the conformable electrodes on the epidermis of open and closed Venus flytraps.
See Li et al. and News & Views by Volkov
Image: Xiaodong Chen, Nanyang Technological University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"3D resonators for spectral processors
Spectral processors for wireless communication can be created using acoustic resonators made from 3D silicon nano-fins with hafnia–zirconia ferroelectric gates wrapped around them. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows an array of filters created by electrically coupling 3D resonators with different frequencies, with the different devices highlighted by different false colours.
See Hakim et al.
Image: Faysal Hakim, University of Florida. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,"Memristors in 3D
Eight layers of memristors can be monolithically integrated on a chip to create a three-dimensional circuit capable of implementing a convolutional neural network. The cover shows a false-colour scanning electron microscopy image of part of the memristor array.
See Lin et al.
Image: Peng Lin, University of Massachusetts Amherst. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_9.txt,vith,3_9.txt,"Industrially manufactured qubits
Silicon quantum dots and spin qubits can be fabricated in a 300-mm semiconductor manufacturing facility using all-optical lithography and fully industrial processing. The photograph on the cover shows a section of a 300-mm wafer that contains 82 unit cells (die) and more than 10,000 quantum dot arrays of various lengths.
See Zwerver et al.
Image: Tim Herman/Intel. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_10.txt,vitg,5_10.txt,test
Cell Reports,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_2.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,vitg,25_1.txt,"On the cover: Fat Cells in Full Bloom. In homage to Van Gogh's iconic Sunflowers,
Rosiflowers are depicted as mature fat cells with increased ribosomal protein expression
that drives their maturation from heterogeneous progenitor leaves and preadipocyte
buds in the adipose stromal vascular fraction. In this issue, De Siqueira et al. demonstrate that the PPARγ agonist, Rosiglitazone, promotes adipogenesis by stimulating
ribosomal gene expression. Image credit: Demin Lu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts a finite element model of Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon epidermis. The model simulates the turgor-driven deformation of the cell
wall and predicts the mechanics underlying the generation of wavy cell shapes from
simple geometries. The simulations predict that wave expansion is driven by a feedback
loop based on mechanical stress and cell wall modification. The pressurized cells
shown here feature higher mechanical stress at the indented sides of the waves—a trend
that matches orientation and localization of cortical microtubules—and deposition
of cellulose microfibrils. Image by Amir J. Bidhendi and Anja Geitmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/28_9.txt,clip,28_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kong et al. demonstrate that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c
regulates T cell phenotype and function through TCR/mTORC1 to prevent autoimmune diabetes.
The cover art portrays the regulatory function of MOTS-c on nucleus-origin proteins.
Image by Byung Soo Kong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/36_10.txt,vith,36_10.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_5.png,B,Two novel α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides (FAPSW and MPGPP) from Ginkgo biloba seed cake were identified through molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics simulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2023_25.txt,clip,2023_25.txt,Schiff-base-mediated egg white peptide supramolecular self-assembly could serve as robust curcumin carriers for significantly enhancing its transport in intestinal epithelial cells via endocytosis while inhibiting P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"The lotus-seed-resistant starch-promoted lactic acid conversion to butyric acid mainly by the (Butyryl-CoA:acetate) CoA transferase pathway in intestinal microbiota, especially including Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Ralstonia, is presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_47.txt,vith,2022_47.txt,of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vitg,2023_7.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_49,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_49.png,A,This cover encourages individuals to overcome their implicit bias and explore the abundant opportunities in STEM. How would we know what we really want until we explore what’s out there? This cover is a part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_49.txt,groundtruth,2024_49.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"I&ECR celebrates the illustrious career of Prof. Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan! In honor of his groundbreaking research and dedication to engineering education, we present this virtual special issue dedicated to his achievements. From pioneering multiphase reaction engineering to advancing clean energy production and sustainability, Prof. Al-Dahhan's contributions have shaped the field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.txt,vith,2024_39.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Sarkar and Bhowmick, “Terpene-Based Sustainable Elastomers: Vulcanization and Reinforcement Characteristics” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00163); Park et al., “Low Temperature Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Ce-Modified NiNb Catalysts” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00531); Shi et al., “Investigating Agglomeration Behaviors in High Temperature Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds with Liquid Injection” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00311); and Paduszyński, “Thermodynamic Modeling of Multicomponent Liquid–Liquid Equilibria in Ionic Liquid Systems with PC-SAFT Equation of State” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00175)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_37.txt,clip,2018_37.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_4.png,A,"Immune-related adverse effects of checkpoint inhibition, inspired by the Review on p509.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"Microglia in the tumour microenvironment, inspired by the Review on p243.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_9.txt,vitg,17_9.txt,"Mechanism-based drug development in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, inspired by the Review on p759.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_1.txt,vith,17_1.txt,"Adaptive and maladaptive myelination, inspired by the Review on p735.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_1.txt,clip,18_1.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_35,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_35.png,A,"A lipid-modified poly(guanidine thioctic acid) polymer is developed as a fortifier for lipid nanoparticles with the capability to eliminate reactive oxygen species, greatly improving the translation efficiency and alleviating inflammation of mRNA vaccines. This formulation shows promising potential in the fabrication of next-generation mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_35.txt,groundtruth,2024_35.txt,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,Light promotes electrons in certain positions of a three-dimensional covalent organic framework into collective excited states. Cover art by Alfy Benny.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_16.txt,clip,2022_16.txt,The cover represents an artistic view of the dynamic equilibrium in which conjugated porphyrin dimers (endowed with suitable crown ethers) associate with two fullerene-based guest molecules (bearing ammonium salts) by means of supramolecular forces involving complementary ammonium-crown ether interactions and π−π interactions between the porphyrin rings and the C60 moieties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_5.txt,vith,2016_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.png,A,"High-throughput microfluidic 3D cell culture systems can be designed with different biological complexity, cell sources and cell configurations to model aspects of human tissues and organs. Such microfluidic systems can thereby serve as non-clinical testing tools for drug development. See Jihoon Ko et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.txt,groundtruth,2_7.txt,"Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of bioengineering, with a particular focus on translation, inclusivity and accessibility. See Editorial
Cover design: Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,vith,3_1.txt,train
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_4.png,B,The cover highlights two kinds of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based single metal-site catalysts. Both the single metal sites within MOFs and the single metal atoms confined in carbons derived from MOFs can serve as effective,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2020_4.txt,clip,2020_4.txt,"Electronic nanochips offer electric fields that are able to precisely modulate molecular activities from molecular movements and physical properties to chemical reactions and optoelectronic functions. The utilization of electric fields to manipulate molecular behaviors on the nanoscale is a new research field that can inspire curiosity and lead to innovative discoveries of new quantum effects and new chemistry, improving our understanding of the molecular world.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover art is an artistic rendition of α-helical proteins such as GPCRs as the major components, together with water molecules, long fibrous amyloids comprised by cross-α and cross-β structures, and high-order molecular assemblies to form waves and capsules. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2022_7.txt,vitg,2022_7.txt,The use of non-noble metals in catalysis is a frontier topic in chemistry. The cover depicts the most important 3d-metals that are currently used for the activation of small molecules and the sustainable production of chemicals through a large variety of catalytic transformations that are reviewed in this thematic issue. (Image by Florian Scharnagl),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2019_21.txt,vith,2019_21.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_5.png,C,"Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology.
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Bacterial biofilms, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_3.txt,vitg,20_3.txt,"Coral microbiomes in a changing world, inspired by the Review on p460
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_5.txt,groundtruth,22_5.txt,"'Growth, bacteria style' by Philip Patenall, inspired by the Focus articles in this issue.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/14_4.txt,vith,14_4.txt,test
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_4.png,A,"Selenium is an essential trace element associated with both beneficial
and detrimental health effects. This month, Schomburg and colleagues (pp. 781–792)
review the current evidence suggesting a sexual dimorphism in the relationship
between selenium and diabetes, as high blood concentrations of this element have
been associated with an increased risk in men but a decreased risk in women,
particularly for gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The cover picture
highlights the fascinating interaction between selenium, diabetes and sex. Selenium
is
named after the Greek goddess of the moon and is depicted accordingly. She shines
favourably on women when it comes to protection from disease, particularly the risk
of gestational diabetes, while too much exposure could pose an additional diabetes
risk for sweet-toothed men. Cover credit: Katja May.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_4.txt,groundtruth,35_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on
the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This
month’s
covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic
research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between
them.
Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from chronotherapy
in cardiovascular care (Festus et al, pp 607–623) to beta cell senescence in type 1
and type 2 diabetes (Morelli et al, pp 576–585), to fetal outcomes in maternal obesity
(Zhang et al, 638–647) and more. Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_6.txt,clip,35_6.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,vitg,27_4.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_2.png,A,"Splicing kinetics are an important aspect of splicing and have a vital
role in shaping the resulting splice isoforms present in mature RNA. Merens and
colleagues review recent advancements in analyzing pre-mRNA splicing kinetics
and methodologies for measuring intron excision rates in vivo. Understanding these
kinetics is essential for elucidating intron removal mechanisms and splicing's role
in
gene regulation. Over the past decade, various approaches have generated differing
results, leading to some controversy. This review summarizes the advantages and
limitations of these methods and explores ways to reconcile these discrepancies.
Cover design by BSIP",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_2.txt,groundtruth,34_2.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vith,26_8.txt,"The paradigm shifts in our knowledge of the cell could only be realized with help
from technological advances. Therefore, we end our 25th anniversary with a special issue that highlights the technological innovations that
will enable the future of cell biology research. We dedicate this cover to the recent
passing of Roger Tsien, whose discovery and development of a wide array of fluorescent
proteins unlocked the potential to visualize and track cellular behavior. The cover
image is adapted from istockphoto/dem10. The image in the keyhole is courtesy of Antoine
Reginensi and Helen McNeill and shows GFP (Green) and calbindin (red) staining in
Six2:Cre; mTmG/+  in embryonic mouse kidneys (E18.5).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_3.txt,vitg,26_3.txt,train
Science,387_6730,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6730.png,A,"COVERAn eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) grazes in Yuraygir National Park, New South Wales, Australia. It has long been thought that short-faced kangaroos became extinct in the late Pleistocene because they were specialist browsers, in contrast to long-faced grazing kangaroos, which still thrive today. However, dental microwear patterns show that most Pleistocene kangaroos actually had broad diets—an adaptation to climate-driven fluctuations in vegetation. See page 167.
Photo: Yva Momatiuk and John Eastcott/Minden",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6730.txt,groundtruth,387_6730.txt,"COVER In early 2020, governments worldwide introduced lockdowns to curb the spread of COVID-19. These lockdowns severely altered human mobility, with many people confined to their homes. In response, animals such as the coyote (Canis latrans) traveled longer distances and occurred closer to roads. These changes suggest that animals can modify their behavior in response to rapid changes in human mobility. See pages 1008 and 1059.
Photo: Shannon Stapleton/Reuters",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/380_6649.txt,vith,380_6649.txt,"COVER Science, like the rest of society, has been swept up in the storms caused by social media. This special news section looks at how scientists study and fight mis- and disinformation, how harassment and intimidation have spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how researchers use Twitter to inform the public and share their findings with colleagues. See page 1332. 
Illustration: Davide Bonazzi/Salzmanart",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/375_6587.txt,clip,375_6587.txt,"COVER Whiskers at the snout are instrumental for the rat to explore the external world. During development, sensory information provided by the whiskers is critical for the formation of their representation in the brain. Minlebaev et al. show how this process is controlled by gamma oscillations in developing neuronal networks. See P. 226. Image: Henrik Sorensen/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/334_6053.txt,vitg,334_6053.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_1.png,D,"The retrosplenial cortex contains neurons such as head direction cells and border
cells. It supports diverse functions such as head direction, boundary and landmark
encoding, as well as position representation, all of which serve as a basis for navigation.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Martin Stacho and Denise Manahan-Vaughan discuss evidence from rodent and human
studies that supports a role for the retrosplenial cortex in spatial navigation, spatial
memory, and spatial cognition. The cover features an artistic representation of how,
in rodents, the retrosplenial cortex integrates egocentric, allocentric, and path
integration information to select salient sensory cues for spatial navigation. This
in turn can support place field representations by the hippocampus and the choice
of navigation strategy depending on ambient environmental conditions. Cover artwork
was created by Denise Manahan-Vaughan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_9.txt,vitg,45_9.txt,"Retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the vertebrate retina, encode the visual
signals that fall onto their receptive fields in trains of action potentials. In this
issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Sören J. Zapp, Steffen Nitsche, and Tim Gollisch discuss how the substructure of
a cell’s receptive field—its nonlinear subunits and local temporal dynamics—shapes
the cell’s function and how this substructure can be analyzed with newly emerging
experimental and computational tools. The cover features a stained ganglion cell together
with a recorded spike train and a reconstructed layout of receptive field subunits,
whose shading represents the activation by the natural image depicted underneath.
Cover image by Sören J. Zapp and Tim Gollisch; reconstructed cell by Helene M. Schreyer
and Mohammad H. Khani; subunit layout from Liu et al. (2017), Nat. Commun. 8, 149.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_7.txt,vith,45_7.txt,"Although the corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the mammalian brain, the
mechanisms underlying its development remain poorly understood. The final steps of
callosal wiring, contralateral targeting, are perhaps the least studied, despite their
importance in formation of correct and functional circuits. On pages 264–272 of this
issue, Fenlon and Richards discuss recent progress in this field, highlight significant
areas for future study and emphasize the potential significance of contralateral callosal
targeting in pathological brain conditions. The cover depicts a coronal section from
a mouse brain, with a mountain landscape superimposed. The horizon follows the pathway
of the corpus callosum along which a lone hiker is shown taking the final steps of
his journey into the darkness of night. In their article, Fenlon and Richards discuss
the final steps of callosal axons in finding their ultimate, contralateral, targets,
a process also shrouded in the darkness of the unknown. Cover Image: Laura R. Fenlon.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/38_9.txt,clip,38_9.txt,"Retinal ganglion cells and their neural and glial partners are essential
for integrating light-induced signals from the eye and transmitting them to various
brain regions. This information drives vision as well as non-visual brain functions
regulated by light, such as circadian photoentrainment, sleep modulation, alertness,
attention, and mood. However, RGCs can differ considerably across species. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Kang-Chieh Huang, Mohamed Tawfik, and
Melanie Samuel examine retinal ganglion cell and glial features that are conserved
across mice, humans, and primates, as well as those that vary. They also discuss
experimental approaches for studying human and primate retinal ganglion cells.
The cover image highlights one such approach, showing uman retinal ganglion cells
derived from an embryonic stem cell line, with retinal ganglion cell bodies in green
and axons in magenta. Photo credits: Kang-Chieh Huang and Mohamed Tawfik.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_1.txt,groundtruth,47_1.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_8.png,A,"Focus on methods for immunology
A scanning electron microscope image captures the dynamic interplay between a CD19-hexapod biomimetic antigen-presenting structure and an anti-CD19 CAR-T cell.
See Huang et al.
Image: Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,Induced pluripotency is beginning to show its mettle as a powerful tool for biological discovery and is Nature Methods' pick for Method of the Year 2009. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Special feature starts on p17.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/7_12.txt,vith,7_12.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,ave_3,11_3.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,val
Nature Chemical Biology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_6.png,C,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"The cover depicts structures of dynamic and native conformational exchanger (DANCER) proteins, which were computationally designed to switch between predicted conformational states. DANCERs are based on the global fold of streptococcal protein Gβ1 and contain an engineered Trp43 residue that spontaneously exchanges between sequestered and solvent-exposed states on the millisecond timescale. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image from Adam Damry. Article, p1280",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_1.txt,ave_1,13_1.txt,"Tuning Cas kinetics for one-pot testing
Tong et al. found that the cleavage kinetics of Cas effectors need to be precisely tuned to maximize their sensitivity in one-pot nucleic acid detection. The image exemplifies the synchronized interplay between substrate amplification and cleavage by Cas effectors.
See Tong et al.
Image: Xiaohan Tong, Wuhan University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_5.png,A,"Deracemization by electrical energy
Accessing optically pure compounds by deracemization is usually accomplished by chemical, photo- or mechanical energy. In their work, the authors present an electrocatalytic deracemization method for secondary alcohols by immobilizing a Rh catalyst on the cathode, which prioritizes its reduction over the Ir catalyst.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Jianchun Wang, Southern University of Science and Technology. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"Dispersion control
In their work, L. Robert Baker and colleagues investigate the effects of molecular dispersion of a heterogenized cobalt phthalocyanine on the rate and product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Elad Gross and Hadar Shema, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_4.txt,clip,7_4.txt,"Two catalysts in synergy
The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.
See Rui et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,"Plasmonic hydrodefluorination
Photocatalysis with plasmonic metal nanostructures is an enabling technology for more sustainable chemical transformations. This cover illustration depicts plasmonic hydrodefluorination based on aluminium nanocrystal-supported palladium islands for the effective activation of unsaturated carbon–fluorine bonds in fluoromethane in the presence of deuterium gas. The contribution of photogenerated hot carriers to regenerating the palladium active sites via deuterium desorption leads to enhanced reactivity under visible light.
See Halas et al.
Image: Hossein Robatjazi, University of California, Santa Barbara. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_6.txt,vitg,3_6.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_2.png,A,"In pages 1523–1532 of this issue, Yuan and colleagues present a 3D,
spatially resolved model of breast cancer that highlights locally differentiated responses
to chemotherapy. The cover image blends traditional Chinese elements with modern
3D printing technology. The red and green nozzles are used to print the cancer cell-rich
region and the stroma region. In the summer pond, which represents the bioprinted
tumor microenvironment model, two green lotus flowers of different sizes are set within,
symbolizing varying-sized dense regions of cancer cells. The surrounding red branching
structures and purple polygons resemble koi fish swimming in the water, representing
the microvessel-rich stroma. The lotus petals spreading outward symbolize the tumor
cells migrating into the stroma. Cover image from Shanghai Mu Mu Chuang Cultural
Communication Co., Ltd.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"Bioprinting is a powerful tool which enables 3D printing of structurally and functionally
biomimetic tissues. In pages 504–513 of this issue, Knowlton and Onal, et al. review the recent advances in bioprinting that show promise for creating cancer
models that mimic the tumor microenvironment in 3D, helping to further understand
cancer pathology, screen anti-cancer drugs, and develop cancer treatments. Cover art
by Chu Hsiang Yu and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/33_4.txt,clip,33_4.txt,"On pages 10–19, SavasTasoglu and Utkan Demirci review recent achievements with bioprinting
technologies in stem cell research. Bioprinting technologies can be used to create
spatially defined gradients of immobilized proteins that direct stem cell differentiation.
The cover image shows the process of bioprinting where droplets that contain cells
and proteins are patterned on a surface and in 3D. The image was made by Savas Tasoglu
and cover designed by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_13.txt,vitg,31_13.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,ave_3,31_11.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_2.png,D,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,"The C–H silylation of methyl groups in complex terpenoids unlocks diverse transformations, including elimination, substitution with other functional groups, and integration into an expanded ring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_3.png,C,"The balancing act of regulatory T cells, inspired by the Review on p544.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_4.txt,vitg,19_4.txt,"The ageing world, inspired by the Focus starting on p557.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_4.txt,clip,20_4.txt,"Podocyte-targeted therapies, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_19.png,B,This Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,Multi-stimuli-responsive polymorphic elastic organic fluorophore.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,a,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2011_5.txt,ave_1,2011_5.txt,"halogen bonds, a series of acetylacetonates of divalent cations were cocrystalized with p-dihalotetrafluorobenzenes. Throughout the series of formed cocrystals, the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_11.txt,clip,2019_11.txt,val
NATURE ENERGY,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_8.png,D,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Return on preparedness
Debate has raged in Texas over the costs of preparing the energy system for winter weather since storm Uri caused massive power outages. Gruber et al. estimate the costs and expected revenue from winterization and find that investment in disaster preparedness pays off for utilities and consumers.
See Gruber et al.
Image: Josef Kubes / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_8.txt,vitg,7_8.txt,"Extremes in energy systems
Climate-induced extreme weather events can cause unexpected disruptions in the operation of all kinds of energy systems, from infrastructure all the way to finance. This Focus issue explores how extreme events, from high energy demand in heat waves to financial crashes, reverberate through various energy systems and how we can better prepare for them.
Image: Gavriel Jecan / Agefotostock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_11.txt,vith,5_11.txt,"Resilient lines
Hurricane damage leads to power outages and can trigger cascading failures in power grids as they respond to the initial impacts. Stürmer et al. present a dynamic approach to modelling these wind-induced power-line failures that allows them to test the potential effects of line hardening in providing a more resilient power grid.
See Stürmer et al.
Image: Bob Daemmrich / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_5.png,A,"A pharmacological concerto, inspired by the Perspective on p626.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_5.txt,groundtruth,23_5.txt,"Vaccine adjuvants, inspired by the Review on p454.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_7.txt,vitg,20_7.txt,"Engineering living therapeutics, inspired by the Review on p941.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"Delivering genome editors, inspired by the Review on p875.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_2.txt,clip,22_2.txt,train
Nature Photonics,19_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/19_2.png,D,"Taming of random lasers
Random lasers are notorious for their unpredictability and uncontrollability. Now, it’s been shown that a disordered two-dimensional photonic crystal can bring control over random lasing modes. The approach using an InP-based multiple-quantum-well epilayer enables precision control over the laser properties.
See Jeon et al.
Image: Heonsu Jeon, Seoul National University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/13_6.txt,clip,13_6.txt,"Artistic impression of an all-optical modulator that exploits plasmonics.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Letter by Pacifici  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"The nonlinear interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with a medium can generate trains of attosecond pulses. Here, ultrafast photonic streaking launches successive individual attosecond pulses in different directions, enabling direct experimental access to these pulses, which carry information on the ultrafast dynamics of the medium.Article p651IMAGE: KIM ET AL.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/7_5.txt,vith,7_5.txt,"Magneto-optic exceptional points
An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength.
See Ruan et al.
Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/19_2.txt,groundtruth,19_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_11.png,B,"Cardiovascular risk stratification for spaceflight, inspired by the Review on p667.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.txt,ave_1,21_3.txt,"High altitude physiology, inspired by the Review on p75.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"Cardiovascular involvement in long COVID, inspired by the Review on p314.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_8.txt,vitg,19_8.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,11_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/11_2.png,A,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_2.txt,groundtruth,11_2.txt,"We invite readers to explore the newest addition to the Trends collection Trends in Cancer, which aims to cover a range of topics in cancer research including the latest developments
in basic, translational and clinical sciences, pharma R&D, technology, ethics, and
policy. The inaugural issue of Trends in Cancer tackles the big questions in cancer research today by leading researchers in the
field. The cover depicts an image of a crab or cancer in Latin. The name cancer comes from early observations by Greek physician Hippocrates
of finger-like projections emanating from the diseased mass, calling to mind the shape
of a crab (carcinos in Greek, and later, cancer in Latin). The concept was developed by Danielle Loughlin and Kip Lyall, and the
image was designed by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"Science benefits from embracing diversity and inclusion. The scientific
community is beginning to bring more attention to this issue, but more work is needed.
As Trends in Cancer celebrates its fifth anniversary, we pledge to amplify the diversity of
voices in our pages – showcasing scientists with diverse gender, geography, ethnicities,
and career-stage perspectives. Cover design by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_5.txt,vith,6_5.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_4.png,A,"Cover Credit: Methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) has been widely illustrated in inducing persistent alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome during hepatitis. Given the close interaction between gut and liver disorders, this study further highlights that intake of MCD predisposes to experimental colitis and enhances its pathogenesis via modulating gut microbes and macrophages. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01291-y). See the article in pages 1912-1925.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,ave_2,45_2.txt,Challenges and opportunities for network pharmacology-based research on traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19. See the article in pages 845–847.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_7.txt,clip,42_7.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_5.png,D,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: As Cancer Cell celebrates 10 years of publishing groundbreaking cancer
research, we reflect on the dramatic progress that has been made. The previous decade
has witnessed leaps forward in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic
alterations in cancer cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the importance of the host in
tumor progression and therapy response. Experimental approaches such as RNA interference,
animal models, DNA sequencing, “omics,” and rational drug design have advanced tremendously
and greatly facilitated discovery. Several exciting new cancer therapeutics were approved
in the last decade. Encouraged by the achievements of the past decade, we look ahead
with excitement to the next 10 years of progress. Cover image by Scott Armstrong and
Eric D. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: Sun et al. characterize the mechanistic significance and diagnostic potential of plasma and
fecal metabolites in colorectal cancer (CRC). The cover artwork depicts the journey
of sailboats, symbolizing CRC progression. The dolphins (representing inhibitory metabolites
like allocholic acid) swim alongside a boat veering away from a storm, while sharks
(representing promoting metabolites like oleic acid) follow a boat heading into the
storm. A buoy at the diverging paths signifies early tumor diagnosis based on metabolite
analysis. Image credit: Jun Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,val
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_9.png,D,"Enhanced drought frequency and magnitude have impacted tree mortality, leading to multiple examples of regional-scale dieback. This Review outlines the mechanisms leading to mortality, including carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. See McDowell et al.
Image: Ashley Cooper/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_8.txt,clip,3_8.txt,"Estimates of global dryland changes are often conflicting. This Review discusses and quantifies observed and projected aridity changes, revealing divergent responses between atmospheric and ecohydrological metrics owing to plant physiological responses to elevated CO2. See Lian et al.
Image: Felix Cesare / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_9.txt,ave_2,2_9.txt,"Vegetation fires are integral to some ecosystems, but can be economically and environmentally destructive. This Review discusses contemporary and future fire regimes, adaptation to fire in the Anthropocene and the need for increased transdisciplinary research to achieve better fire management. See Bowman et al.
Image: USDA Photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Grapes produced for winemaking are highly susceptible to change in climate, particularly extreme heat and drought. This Review examines the changing geography of existing and emerging winegrowing regions, and recommends adaptation measure to increasing heat and modified drought, pest and disease pressure.
Image credit: Bloomberg creative/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,val
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.png,B,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"A prototype smartphone-based device for flow cytometry has been developed, and its operation is facilitated by the use of brightly photoluminescent supra-nanoparticle assemblies of colloidal quantum dots. Cells are immunolabeled with different colors of these assemblies to be classified and enumerated. Cover art by W. Russ Algar.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.txt,groundtruth,2022_6.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,ave_2,2022_3.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_7.png,A,"On the cover: The image is a graphical representation of the Drosophila Protein Interaction Network 2 that was generated by expressing thousands of individual
tagged proteins and assessing their interacting partners by affinity purification
and mass spectrometry, covering more than half of the proteome. Functionally related
proteins often physically interact with each other and organize into clusters, shown
by the distinct colors. To learn more about how such network maps are a valuable resource
for predicting protein associations and assigning function for poorly studied proteins,
see Bhat et al. Image credit: Guruharsha Bhat.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_7.txt,groundtruth,59_7.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_1,57_15.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_7.png,C,"The cover of this issue illustrates a Viewpoint article on the visibility challenges faced by Asian scientists. See Hanasoge et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_9.txt,vith,2_9.txt,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,clip,6_4.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea of controlling the orbital angular momentum of light. See Forbes et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,vitg,5_10.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_5.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Poovathingal et al. present Nova-ST, an open-source sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics workflow.
The cover illustrates a spatial imprint of captured transcripts by Nova-ST from the
mouse brain. The illustration below the brain section represents an electron micrograph
of the repurposed Illumina Novaseq sequencing chip. Cover design by Duygu Koldere
Vilain (designosome.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_20.png,D,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,vith,2025_4.txt,"Nanoparticles act as warriors in combating pathogens from entering the brain or provide therapeutic approaches to the pathogen-infected CNS. Nanoparticles cover a wide range of Au, CeO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_8.txt,vitg,2020_8.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,clip,2020_3.txt,"The artwork depicts how gut bacteria-derived SCFAs establish crosstalk with the brain and influence proteins and key neurotransmitters associated with treatment-resistant depression. SCFAs also positively modulate neuroplasticity, tryptophan metabolism, and inflammatory cascades in the brain that are involved in the management of anxiety and depression.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.png,A,"Storm, inspired by the Perspective on p912.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,"Geographical variation in vaccine responses, inspired by the Review on p250.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_9.txt,ave_3,24_9.txt,"‘Coronavirus Storm’, inspired by the Review on p363.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_7.txt,clip,20_7.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,ave_2,22_5.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_12.png,A,"Passing on protection
Developing embryos are supplied with maternally produced compounds, including glucosinolate defence compounds. To cross the four intervening cellular barriers requires plasma membrane-located exporters (such as UMAMIT29, labelled in green) and importers in maternal and embryonic tissues.
See Sanden et al.
Image: Niels Christian Holm Sanden, University of Copenhagen. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_12.txt,groundtruth,10_12.txt,"Wall planner
Xa4 is a widely exploited and lasting disease resistance gene in rice breeding. It encodes a cell wall-associated kinase that slightly reduces plant height by partially preventing culm cell elongation.
See Nature Plants 3, 17009 (2017).
Image: S. Wang            Cover Design: L. Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/3_10.txt,ave_1,3_10.txt,"Fast-forward food
Rapid development of crop varieties is hampered by the slow breeding times of crop plants. Manipulating the light regime within controlled environment rooms can at least halve generation times of a range of crops and their wild relatives.
See Watson et al.
Image: H. Hardy. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_12.txt,vitg,4_12.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,val
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_7.png,A,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"This cover picture depicts electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia by a novel hybrid material, Ag-TAM. Tellurium macrocycles were interlinked via silver–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_6.txt,clip,2025_6.txt,Our findings highlight the importance of an oxo bridged diiron core and an appended thiazolinium group in proton shuttling to the catalytic active center during the hydrogen evolution reaction. Our study aims to shed light on the pivotal role of the redox active ligand coupled with proton shuttle toward designing an efficient molecular catalyst. The cover art was designed by Bharath M using Microsoft PowerPoint.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_18.txt,ave_3,2024_18.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_2.png,D,"This special issue “Bioinspired Macromolecular Materials” serves to highlight the many ways in which biology inspires the creation of new functional materials. The broad themes covered in this issue are modification or creation of synthetic analogues of native biopolymeric materials; design of bioinspired macromolecules from functional polymers composed of amino acid building blocks; engineering of nanoscale materials toward recreating the structures and functions of natural materials; recreating the three-dimensional network architecture of native matrices, often through the creation of hydrogels; and efforts to recreate the encapsulating properties of biological compartments and membranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,"The cover art design incorporates three key elements: metal ions, bone defect tissue, and hydrogel. The layout comprises an upper and lower structure. The upper part showcases multiple molecular formulas of hydrogel components and metal ions, while the lower part depicts a bone defect tissue filled with a metal ion-containing hybrid hydrogel, featuring the release of multiple metal ions from the hybrid hydrogel between bone trabeculae. The overall background is a dark blue with elements resembling a starry sky, evoking a sense of technology, artistry, and professionalism, closely aligning with the theme of the paper.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_7.txt,clip,2024_7.txt,"Precision and personalized medical treatments require biomaterials that are able to specifically interface and interact with their biological surroundings. This requires stimuli-sensitive and responsive materials that can sense and actuate specific biological signals and are able to trigger a therapeutic action appropriate to local pathological or physiological environments. This Special Issue in collaboration with the Materials Research Society of Singapore (MRS-S) on “Stimuli-sensitive and -responsive polymer biomaterials” includes 9 papers, which were presented at the 2017 International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT) symposium held in Singapore. Together these wide range of contributions provide an excellent overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field, but also point out exciting challenges and opportunities for future work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_8.txt,vith,2018_8.txt,"In this work, endothelium-mimicking surfaces were constructed by integrating the antifouling properties, glycosaminoglycan analogs, and nitric oxide generation capabilities characteristic of a healthy endothelium. By regulating different functional components, an elegant balance between antifouling properties and endothelial cell selectivity was achieved on the silicone surface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,test
Nature Photonics,18_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_8.png,B,"Laser-driven spinning vaterite particles can create microfluidic flows for controlling the growth direction of nerve fibres.
Article by Tao Wu et al.
IMAGE: TAO WU et al.
COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/6_12.txt,vitg,6_12.txt,"Implantable biophotonics
Artistic image of an implantable wireless optoelectronic probe for monitoring tissue oxygenation levels within the brain. The microscale implant integrates an LED with a photodetector and is coated with a phosphorescent film which is sensitive to oxygen.
See Cai et al.
Image: Xing Sheng at Tsinghua University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_8.txt,groundtruth,18_8.txt,"Artistic illustration of coherent nonlinear optical interactions taking place between a single molecule of dibenzanthanthrene and pump and probe beams containing just a few photons.
Letter p450; News & Views p438
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY VAHID SANDOGHDAR",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_6.txt,clip,10_6.txt,"Optoelectronic tweezers manipulate an array of nanorods.
Cover design by Ming Wu (University of California, Berkeley, California) and Tom Wilson
Article by Jamshidi  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_11.txt,vith,2_11.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_4.png,D,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: In celebration of the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe, this issue features “Voices” from 10 leading experts in their field as they reflect
on the journal's journey over the past decade. We also bring to you 10 Reviews and
Perspectives from leading authors that highlight broad themes in host-microbe biology.
The cover image illustrates the many microbes and hosts that are highlighted in these
Reviews and Perspectives and in fields that the journal has been proud to publish
in over the past 10 years. The cover image was generated by Sean Kilian and contributed
by Julia Vorholt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/22_5.txt,clip,22_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,"On the cover: Probiotics are potential treatments for ulcerative colitis, but their
efficacy is frequently compromised by gastrointestinal conditions that limit adhesion
and activity. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Guo et al. engineered Lactobacillus casei to contain selenium dots embedded in the pericellular film (represented by the cloak
decorated with red dots). Upon oral administration, engineered Lactobacillus casei efficiently enhanced gastric acid resistance and intestinal mucoadhesion, which potentiated
the synergistic restoration of gut microbiota and redox homeostasis (represented by
the engineered Lactobacillus casei waving the wand to cast spells).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_2.png,A,"Best practices in microbiology
Best practices in microbiology range from learning sterile techniques or streaking your bacterial strain of choice, to defining frameworks to facilitate data sharing. These practices guide us towards more robust, reproducible, ethical and sustainable science and facilitate major advances. This month’s focus issue features a set of Perspectives that discuss best practices for microbiome research, specifically synthetic communities and the design of clinical trials for probiotics and prebiotics. To accompany the issue, we present a Series hosting an evolving collection of articles that will expand over time to highlight tools, frameworks and resources that push us towards better microbiology research.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Macroecology patterns in microbiomes
Using a macroecological approach and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors show that these complex microbial communities display similar quantitative relationships to those observed in other systems, including the identification of specific taxa that are impacted by environmental change.
See Vitkup, D. et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio and Dennis Vitkup. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_8.txt,vitg,5_8.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Deconstructing rapid growth
A genome-wide CRISPR interference screen of the fast-growing Vibrio natriegens bacterium elucidates the make-up of minimal genomes and the metabolic pathways enabling rapid bacterial replication.
See Lee, H. H. et al.
Image: Bryan Schiavone. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,test
Joule,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_1.png,D,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents putting the “pieces” together of renewable
building blocks from biomass with reclaimed PET (rPET) to synthesize fiberglass-reinforced
plastics (FRPs) that can be used in high-value materials applications such as in wind
turbine blades. In this issue of Joule, Rorrer et al. (1006–1027) demonstrate that rPET can be deconstructed and subsequently
combined with monomers obtainable from biomass. The resulting FRPs exhibit superior
mechanical properties compared to the petroleum-based incumbent while using significantly
less energy in their manufacture on a per dollar basis when compared to typical-FRP
manufacture and chemical bottle-to-bottle recycling. Cover art by Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_9.txt,ave_3,3_9.txt,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts AI as becoming critical to overcome the rapidly
widening gap between the existing computational capabilities and the evolving needs
of the electric power industry to cope with the massively increasing complexity and
uncertainty in the electric grid amidst the transition to a low-carbon energy future.
In this issue of Joule, Hamann et al. show how emerging AI foundation models are an ideal technology platform to collaborate
across the sector in a moonshot to harness emerging AI capabilities, which will enable
much more computationally efficient models, by orders of magnitude, for planning,
managing, and controlling the electric grid while providing high performance, adaptability,
and scalability. Artist/source: Lara Karadogan, IBM Research (lara.karadogan@ibm.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_8.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p258
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Key advances in rheumatology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p69
Cover design: S.Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,"In our June issue: articles on PAD enzymes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and on the history and development of IL-6-targeted therapies.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_7.txt,vith,16_7.txt,"In our May issue: articles on lupus nephritis, epigenetics in osteoarthritis and pharmacomicrobiomics in inflammatory arthritis.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_8.txt,ave_1,16_8.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_1.png,C,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Pesticides and bird diversity
Neonicotinoid pesticides are used widely, raising concerns about effects on organisms besides pests. Khanna and colleagues find that increased neonicotinoid use in the continental United States has reduced bird diversity, especially that of grassland and insectivorous birds.
See Li et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Wenfei Tong. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"Cropland abandonment and biodiversity
Amidst continued cropland expansion in recent decades, substantial amounts of cropland area have been abandoned owing to various socioeconomic, demographic and technological factors. Crawford and colleagues examine how such cropland abandonment affects bird and mammal species at the landscape scale across four continents.
See Crawford et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Optimal cropland use
Rising food demand and the rising land use and environmental ills of agriculture are clashing. Folberth and colleagues find that locating crops and applying fertilizers optimally could reduce required cropland globally by about half.
See Folberth et al.
Image: Frans lemmens / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_9.txt,ave_3,3_9.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_4.png,D,"Early cancer diagnosis
This focus issue highlights advances in the isolation of cancer biomarkers in blood and in diagnostic or imaging probes for the early detection of cancer.
The cover illustrates a lipid-based nanoprobe for the isolation of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (Article; News & Views).
Image by Xin Zou, Yuan Wan and Si-Yang Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"Long-lasting implanted biomaterials
This focus issue highlights strategies for increasing the functional durability of implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates a subcutaneously-implanted scaffold for the study and modulation of a pre-metastatic niche (Review Article).
Image by Katie Aguado.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_7.txt,vith,1_7.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Bacteria and neutrophil extracellular traps drive dental calculi
This issue highlights a near-infrared dye for fluorescence-guided tumour resection and the assessment of wound healing, an inexpensive light-sheet fluorescence microscope for the high-resolution imaging of cleared and living samples at scale, transient pacing in pigs with complete heart block via myocardial injection of mRNA coding for a transcription factor, an analysis of neuroimaging data across mental health, neurodegenerative, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnostic categories, that blocking the mechanical sensor PIEZO1 in cytotoxic T lymphocytes augments their cytotoxicity against tumour cells, and that bacteria-mediated resistance of neutrophil extracellular traps to enzymatic degradation drives the formation of dental calculi.
The cover illustrates that the development of dental calculi involves bacteria in local mature biofilms converting the DNA in neutrophil extracellular traps from being degradable by the enzyme DNase I to being degradation-resistant.
See Wan et al.
Image: Mei-chen Wan, The Fourth Military Medical University. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,48_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_1.png,A,"The amygdala is a multi-nuclear limbic system structure that functions
as a primary processing center for social and emotional behaviors in the vertebrate
brain. The term ‘amygdala’ comes from the Greek word for ‘almond’ due to its
characteristic ovoid shape. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Joshua Corbin
and colleagues review how one of the key nuclei of the amygdala, the medial
amygdala, is formed from embryonic development and how these developmental
programs may drive the emergences of innate social behaviors. The cover image
shows an almond tree at two stages of its lifecycle; during springtime when flowers
are blooming and during summer when it has reached its mature state. The arrows
in the young tree invoke the formation of different lineages of amygdala neurons
that form different branches of the tree, which then differentiate into populations
of neurons that control different aspects of medial amygdala regulated behaviors.
Cover image credits: Benjamin Toth/Getty Images; cover design by Joshua Corbin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_1.txt,groundtruth,48_1.txt,"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, adopt diverse roles that
span development, adulthood, and aging. Once thought to be a relatively homogeneous
population, there is a growing recognition that microglia are highly specialized to
suit
their specific brain region, with the cerebellum being one such area of specialization.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Mark Stoessel and Ania Majewska discuss
the roles cerebellar microglia play as they interact with the cerebellar environment,
and
how these roles contrast with those of microglial populations in other brain regions.
The
cover features an artistic representation of cerebellar microglia interacting with
a lone
Purkinje cell, the primary output cell of the cerebellum. Cover image by Rianne Stowell.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_6.txt,vith,44_6.txt,"Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the
neocortex. On pages 141–151, Matthew Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the
cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting
a powerful operating principle of the cortex. The cover image shows layer 5 neocortical
pyramidal cells from different regions of the cortex coding for orientation, color
and form (of a tiger) while receiving feedback input (context) to the dendrites. An
artist's impression of a dendritic spike is shown in one of the pyramidal cells. Cover
design: Thomas Splettstoesser. Credit for the cloud image: Chris Schwarz (Shutterstock.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_10.txt,clip,36_10.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_8.png,B,"Gastroenterology and the environment, inspired by the Editorial on p339, the Perspective on p399 and the Comment on p340.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_7.txt,clip,20_7.txt,"Dietary fibre, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,"Monitoring coeliac disease, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guidelines on p198.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.txt,vith,21_10.txt,"Food insecurity, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_9.png,D,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"Mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay, featuring one-dimensional rod morphology and two-dimensional lamellar morphology, are utilized for stabilizing Pickering foam and fabricating porous adsorbent materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
JACS Au,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2025_2.png,B,"A PdZn/ZrO2/SAPO-34 multifunctional catalyst for the direct conversion of CO2 to propane yields >50% total propane selectivity at close to 40% CO2 conversion at 350 ⁰C, 50 bar, and 1500 mL g−1 h−1. Extensive characterization and kinetic–thermodynamic modeling revealed details of a highly integrated reaction scheme between the catalyst components.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_3.txt,vitg,2021_3.txt,"The same, but different? Acyl hydrolases and acyl transferases in polyketide synthases possess the same fold. One catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyl groups, the other transfers malonyl groups to carrier proteins. The first structure of an acyl hydrolase is reported, providing insights into the catalytic mechanism, substrate tolerance, and the carrier protein interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.png,D,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,vith,2_6.txt,"Nanoparticles can be systemically injected into the body for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active transport mechanisms may enable nanoparticles to enter the tumour through active endothelial transport processes, retain in the tumour owing to interactions with tumour components, and exit the tumour through lymphatic vessels. See Luan N.M. Nguyen et al.
Cover image: Matthew Nguyen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.txt,vitg,2_10.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of bioengineering, with a particular focus on translation, inclusivity and accessibility. See Editorial
Cover design: Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.txt,groundtruth,2_11.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_9.png,A,"Disentangling channel-gating mechanisms
Kalienkova et al. report high-resolution structures of an FMRFamide-gated sodium channel in several functional states. This disentangles the molecular basis by which different invertebrate receptors recognize similar neuropeptides and paves the way for studies of channel gating and ion conduction among the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel superfamily.
See Kalienkova et al.
IMAGE CREDIT: Alexandre Jan, University of Bergen. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_9.txt,groundtruth,31_9.txt,"CNG channel gating
Cryo-EM structures and electrophysiology analyses of the cGMP-activated CNG channel TAX-4 provide insights into channel gating and regulation.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_6.txt,ave_0,27_6.txt,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_780,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_780.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Against All Odds. The cover image shows an engineered HIV immunogen, 10.17GS (red and orange) in complex with an inferred unmutated common ancestor of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody, DH270 (gray and white). Glycans are shown in tan. HIV vaccines are designed to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. However, development of these antibodies requires accumulation of rare somatic mutations. Here, Swanson et al. engineered 10.17GS to specifically elicit these unlikely, but essential mutations, finding that it did so in three humanized immunoglobulin mouse models. This immunogen, and others like it, may increase the odds of a successful HIV vaccine. Credit: Swanson et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_780.txt,groundtruth,17_780.txt,"ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_757.txt,clip,16_757.txt,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Architecture of a Vaccine Adjuvant. Sometimes the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules that activate the immune system. However, ODNs with different structures induce different immunological responses. In this week's issue of Science Translational Medicine, Gungor and colleagues describe a nanoring made of ODNs that enhance immune function and may serve as a vaccine adjuvant. [CREDIT: TOMOGRAF/ISTOCKPHOTO]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/6_235.txt,vith,6_235.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_1.png,C,"The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,vith,2024_6.txt,"Stem cell-embedded hydrogel nanocomposites, tailored with varying stiffness, growth factors, and nanoparticles, effectively guide stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes or osteocytes, facilitating cartilage or bone regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,test
ACS Energy Letters,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_3.png,A,Lithium tetrafluoroborate as a supplemental salt is systematically investigated in low-ethylene carbonate-content electrolytes. Electrolytes with a trace amount of lithium tetrafluoroborate (0.05 M),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"In this Perspective, surface- and solution-mediated growth mechanisms of discharge products in alkali metal",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_11.txt,vith,2021_11.txt,"Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) > 25%, but they are yet to overcome the instabilities surrounding heat, light, and moisture. Comparatively, all-inorganic PSCs have fewer stability issues and are emerging with PCE >18%, approaching commercialization standards. This Review",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_12.txt,vitg,2020_12.txt,A redox-mediated zinc-air fuel cell,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2022_5.txt,clip,2022_5.txt,train
Nature Food,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_8.png,C,"Focus on cellular agriculture
There are many viewpoints on how cellular agriculture technologies can benefit or hinder sustainable food system transformations.
This focus issue takes stock of the field from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our contributors comment on sustainability, food justice, corporate power and potential for greenwashing, virtue ethics, scaling for impact and antimicrobial resistance, and examine tensions and opportunities for moving forward.
See Editorial, Comments by Tuomisto, Ellis et al., Broad and Chiles, Howard, Bomkamp, Holmes et al. and Alvaro, World View by Friedrich, and Feature by Gruber
Image: Monty Rakusen/Getty Images. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_3.txt,vith,3_3.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Food-borne pathogens and the pig industry
Salmonella enterica is a pathogen that can cause serious food-borne illnesses in humans. As many cases go unreported, the prevalence of infections might be largely underestimated, underscoring the importance of understanding the reasons for the rise of S. enterica. Human activities contribute to the global spread of this pathogen, much of which comes from modernized livestock production systems. Over the past century, the pig industry has contributed to the spread of S. enterica through intensive farming, overuse of antimicrobials leading to the acquisition of resistance genes, and the global pork trade. Pigs are now the main source of transmission of the pathogen to other hosts. Greater emphasis on the surveillance of S. enterica infections in humans and animals is key to prevent future disease outbreaks.
See Li et al.
Image: WLADIMIR BULGAR/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/ Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"Form and function
Food gels and oleogels feature 3D percolating biopolymers or colloids designed to span water or oil in food, thereby providing viscoelastic properties to an otherwise purely viscous fluid. The cover image is an artistic view of food gel droplets, drawn against the typical cellular background of protein-templated oleogels.
See Cao et al.
Image: Sonia Monti. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_11.txt,ave_1,1_11.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_44,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_44.png,D,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,"effective acid site density (a proposed parameter that correlates acid strength, density, and micropore volume) allows linking the impacts of different treatments (thermal, acid, alkaline, and agglomeration with bentonite and alumina) with their properties and reaction performance (conversion, yield, and deactivation by coke).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_44.txt,groundtruth,2024_44.txt,train
Nature Food,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_6.png,B,"One Health aquaculture
Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic animals and plants, is one of the fastest developing food sectors globally, and in recent years has become the main source of fish available for human consumption. Applying the principles of One Health — the interconnectedness of human, animal and planetary health — could well support enhanced sustainable production in aquaculture; facilitating food and nutrition security, poverty alleviation, economic development and the protection of natural resources.
See Stentiford et al.
Image: Sami Sarkis/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Marine aquaculture’s carbon footprint
Demand for seafood is projected to rise in the coming decades. While catches from wild fisheries have stagnated, several types of aquaculture production systems have emerged to meet this demand. Marine aquaculture, or mariculture, forms a small part of the aquaculture sector with potential for growth. Climate-friendly farm designs, species selection, low-density operational practices and careful site selection can mitigate potential damage to marine ecosystems and avoid carbon loss. Mariculture’s carbon footprints could be ~40% lower than those of freshwater aquaculture based on fish feed, energy use and the aquatic environment emissions — offering an opportunity for environmentally sustainable seafood production.
See Shen et al.
Image: Abstract Aerial Art/DigitalVision/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Marine resources for aquaculture
Salmon aquaculture is projected to grow by 2–3% per year to meet the increasing demand for aquatic foods. Wild-caught, marine-derived resources in the form of fish meal and fish oil are key sources of protein and lipids in salmon aquafeed formulations, but with wild fish stocks stagnating, this resource presents a limiting factor for future sector growth. Global salmon production potential was modelled, incorporating a 1–3% growth rate and exploring a variety of fish oil and fish meal utilization scenarios. Incorporating 3% fish oil and 3% fish meal in aquafeed could permit 2% per year production growth until 2100 — independent of novel aquaculture feeds that are currently being utilized.
Aquatic foods, such as salmon, form an important dietary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Based on these findings, 300 grams of salmon per week would provide almost all the recommended weekly intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid — demonstrating that finite marine resources, when used judiciously, can contribute to salmon aquaculture sector growth and healthy diets.
See Rocker et al.
Image: Marc Guitard/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_5.txt,ave_1,3_5.txt,test
Cell Chemical Biology,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_3.png,B,"On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry
mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic
process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et
al., 658–671.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_7.txt,clip,30_7.txt,"On the cover: Tang et al. uncover the interaction site and binding determinants for engagement of the IP3 receptor
(IP3R) by the alpha-helical BH4 domain of BCL-w. BCL-w BH4 targeting of IP3R modulates
calcium flux and protects neuronal axons from chemotherapy-induced degeneration. Lead
stapled BCL-w BH4 peptides are shown as shielding axons from the incoming threat,
thereby preventing peripheral neuropathy. Image credit: Eric Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,ave_1,31_4.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,train
Science,387_6733,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6733.png,B,"COVER Science, like the rest of society, has been swept up in the storms caused by social media. This special news section looks at how scientists study and fight mis- and disinformation, how harassment and intimidation have spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how researchers use Twitter to inform the public and share their findings with colleagues. See page 1332. 
Illustration: Davide Bonazzi/Salzmanart",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/375_6587.txt,clip,375_6587.txt,"COVER Cultural reverence toward tigers (Panthera tigris) has fostered tolerance and permitted coexistence with humans in India. Ecological restoration, socioeconomic policies, and political stability have facilitated the recovery of tigers within their historical range, despite high human densities. This tigress has reclaimed the ancient fort within Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and made it her home. See page 505.
Photo: Yashpal Rathore",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6733.txt,groundtruth,387_6733.txt,"COVER A leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) walking through an alley in Mumbai, India. In human-modified landscapes, mammals move distances that are, on average, one-half to one-third the length of their movements in the wild. Reduced travel distances may have far-reaching consequences for species survival and ecosystem functioning. See page 466.
 Photo: Nayan Khanolkar/Minden Pictures",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/359_6374.txt,vitg,359_6374.txt,"COVER A summer scene in India captures how Earth’s warming climate is pushing the limits of human endurance. Besides straining the body’s ability to cool itself, global warming is fostering the spread of vector- and waterborne diseases and is perhaps bringing other pathogens out of hiding. This special issue examines the threats to human health and how they can be mitigated. See page 1386.
Photo: Raj K. Raj/Hindustan Times via Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/381_6665.txt,ave_2,381_6665.txt,val
ACS Materials Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.png,B,"Electric-field-induced Joule heating has been employed to transform porous hard carbons into a free-standing monolith consisting of interconnected onion-like carbons. Such macroscopic self-supporting yet porous structures exhibit highly efficient capture of volatile organic compounds, such as toluene, in atmospheric conditions, besides providing a new route for achieving structural interconversions among nanocarbons.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,"The modern semiconductor industry highly demands efficient photoresists suitable to EUV nanolithography. Yoon and colleagues synthesized a novel macrocyclic multinuclear tin complex and conducted an in-depth investigation into its photochemical behavior. The photoresist exhibited small line-edge roughness in EUV lithography, underscoring its potential as an efficient EUV photoresist. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Novel therapeutic strategies using gold nanoparticles as gene therapy vectors for the controlled and efficient silence of endogenous microRNAs or messenger RNAs involved in cancer. A universal gene silencing tool based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that effectively silences the specific target (siRNA, miRNA, or gene-specific mRNA) while simultaneously signaling its action via fluorescence emission in cancer cells is of utmost importance for the development of more selective cancer therapies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_1.txt,clip,2022_1.txt,This front cover represents the idea that science should be inclusive. We created a collage in which a face is composed and enriched by incorporating features of various women's faces worldwide. This work is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_14.png,B,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"Representation of the X-ray diffraction experiment for a truncated nanocube. The colors of the atom represent the zones with high (red) and low (blue) atomic vibration correlation in the nanocrystal. The white graph is the total scattering pattern, and the red line corresponds to the thermal diffuse scattering contribution to the pattern, where the information of atomic correlation is present.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,"An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_5.txt,vith,2019_5.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_5.png,B,The use of Voronoi domain decomposition for the analysis of classical molecular dynamics trajectories permits one to predict the formation of deep eutectic solvents in a series of choline chloride–phenol mixtures. This sentence has been also used as a prompt command by the AI Dall-E 3 to generate the cover. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2024_7.txt,clip,2024_7.txt,"Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making ""fishing"" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Cover shows an illustration of collecting targeted information extracted from manuscripts including chemicals, experimental sentences, nanomaterial compositions and morphologies. The statistics of collected information is displayed using a computer visualization tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2020_7.txt,vith,2020_7.txt,"Graphic from this issue of J. Chem. Inf. Model. The cover presents a collection of images from our special issue on the results from the 2014 Community Structure–Activity Resource (CSAR) benchmark exercises. The CSAR exercise is a blind challenge that affords a prospective test for modern structure-based drug design (SBDD) tools. Using the knowledge gained from CSAR, researchers can refine their modeling protocols to improve the reliability of SBDD to identify active compounds or drug candidates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2016_7.txt,vitg,2016_7.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_3.png,B,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. It is our vision that, over the next 25 years, innovators around the world will use foundational and methodological advances in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to transform major sectors of the global economy, ranging from fuels and chemicals, to transportation, agriculture, and water purification and delivery. The next generations of chemists, engineers, and other innovators will use new sets of tools and principles. These tools and principles will need to be integrated into chemistry and engineering education. Building on 25 Years of Green Chemistry and Engineering for a Sustainable Future touches on these topics (DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02484).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2016_2.txt,vith,2016_2.txt,"Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_12.png,C,"Nanotubes under wraps.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Nish  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,"When nanotechnology focuses on COVID-19
Nanotechnology expertise and tools provide valuable contributions to the development of therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for COVID-19. In this Focus issue, nanotechnologists depict the key roles that nanotechnology plays in preclinical and clinical SARS-CoV-2 research. In COVID-19 vaccine development, nanoparticles enable the delivery of antigens, in particular nucleic acids, which are important vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials. Moreover, researchers can build on long-standing expertise in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to improve the treatment efficacy of drugs currently repurposed for COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based sensors can be rapidly adapted for the sensitive early diagnosis of COVID-19, and expertise in immunoengineering and cancer vaccine development provides important insight into immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19, as illustrated on the cover, which shows some of the crucial players of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The time is ripe for nanotechnology to make a real clinical impact.
See Florindo et al.
Image: Rita Acúrcio, University of Lisbon. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/15_5.txt,vitg,15_5.txt,"Counting protein subunits in native membrane nanodiscs
The cover image depicts the capturing of cellular membranes together with their native environment in the form of nanodiscs using amphipathic copolymers. Imaged by a single-molecule technique, the nanodiscs reveal the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins.
See Walker et al.
Credit line: Hannah Wang, Yale University; Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_12.txt,groundtruth,19_12.txt,"Chitosan membrane for hydroxide exchange
The image depicts a membrane with 1 nm nanochannels made by crosslinking chitosan molecules with copper ions. The membrane exhibits promising performance for hydroxide exchange applications.
See Hu
IMAGE: Jiaqi Dai. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_7.txt,clip,17_7.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_7.png,B,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,vith,3_11.txt,"Cyclodextrins through the looking glass
The syntheses of mirror-image versions of three naturally occurring cyclodextrins from simple monosaccharide building blocks are reported. The synthetic strategy involves 1,2-cis-L-glucosylation, one-pot glycosylation, and diastereoselective cyclization, providing the cyclo-oligosaccharides in up to half-gram quantities.
See Wu et al.
Image: Kaili Chien at SHO SHO Design Ltd. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_7.txt,groundtruth,3_7.txt,"MOFs made to order
The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents.
See Barsukova et al.
Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Conjugated aromatic systems
This Focus issue overviews the synthesis and computational study of various conjugated aromatic molecules and polymers as well as their electronic and chemical properties. The incorporation of these molecules and materials in devices or in catalysis is discussed.
The cover image depicts the synthesis of polyacene inside the channels of a metal−organic framework.
See Kitao et al.
Image: Takashi Kitao, Takumi Miura and Takashi Uemura, The University of Tokyo. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_10.png,D,This cover is part of ACS's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. Read more in the accompanying Editorial entitled “Ladies Are So Essential in Research (LASER).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_12.txt,clip,2023_12.txt,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,vith,2023_3.txt,"Featured on this cover is a novel doping strategy, photoexcitation-assisted molecular doping (PE-MD), which is built upon the familiar mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. The application of PE-MD to the PDPP4T polymer significantly amplifies its doping level, facilitating efficient thermoelectric conversion for clean energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,val
Joule,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_2.png,B,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,vitg,5_3.txt,"On the cover: The rising global population is driving increased demand for food production
while farmers around the world confront unprecedented challenges due to changing climate
conditions. The cover image showcases a prototype electro-agriculture system, which
produces food using CO2 as the raw material. As presented by Crandall et al., this approach combines CO2 electrolysis with biological systems to boost food production efficiency. By utilizing
acetate generated from CO2 through renewable electricity, electro-agriculture enables the heterotrophic growth
of crops, bypassing the efficiency constraints of photosynthesis. Artist/image source:
Feng Jiao (Washington University in St. Louis in the United States).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"On the Cover: Hydrogen split from water provides fuel for long-duration energy storage.
In this issue of Joule, Dowling et al. find that long-duration energy storage (e.g., power-to-gas-to-power
with hydrogen) can make reliable wind-solar-battery electricity systems more affordable.
Photograph courtesy of Durk Gardenier.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,train
BDJ Student,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/31_3.png,B,"Vol 30 | Issue 1
New Year, new goals, new challenges. BDJ Student helps you meet whatever your goals are with its usual high-quality mix of professional development, careers advice and clinical insight
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_3.txt,clip,30_3.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 1
In this January edition of BDJ Student, our lead article asks - and answers - how to be an ally
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 3
As the new semester gets underway, BDJ Student leads on a question many of you have been asking: what does artificial intelligence mean to me as a student?
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_1.txt,vith,31_1.txt,"Vol 30 | Issue 2
Stress is a buzz topic around the profession, and not just for the fully-qualified. This issue's feature article considers how best to reflect and de-stress
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_2.txt,vitg,30_2.txt,val
Molecular Cell,85_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_2.png,A,"On the cover: This special issue explores emerging ideas about patterns in molecular
biology, highlighting connections across different molecular processes and their collective
contribution to the function of the cell. The cover shows the patterned organization
of DNA and chromatin into higher-order structures superimposed on the fractal architecture
of the fiddlehead fern, with chromosome territories enlarging from spores originating
in the fern’s leaves. Cover artwork by Sonhita Chakraborty (artbysonhita.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_2.txt,groundtruth,85_2.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Molecular Cell revisits a core topic: genome stability. The reviews and original research articles
provide new insights while also highlighting broader implications and intersections
with other cellular mechanisms. In a Voices, we learn about several different perspectives
on the connection of DNA repair to immune responses. We hope that you will find inspiration
to approach the topic with an open mind and willingness to venture beyond the canonical
ways we think about these pathways and mechanisms.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_5.txt,vith,83_5.txt,"On the cover: In this Special Issue, we celebrate the 20th Anniversary of Molecular Cell with a collection of Reviews, Perspectives, and Technology Reviews. An underlying
theme is the role the journal has played in shaping the direction of molecular biology
research and its community. The collection of articles highlights fields that have
taken shape over the past 20 years inside the pages of Molecular Cell, as well as fields that are just emerging. These articles are written by researchers
who have chosen Molecular Cell as the home for some of their most important advances on these topics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/71_4.txt,vitg,71_4.txt,"On the cover: The artwork, designed by Gianluca Matera and Imma Matera (Tipstudio)
and realized by Imma Matera, represents the main findings of the research article
from Matera et al. (pp. 629–644) in this issue of Molecular Cell. The central part of the graphic shows an actual porous sponge (OppX RNA in the article)
in the process of absorbing RNA molecules (sRNAs such as MicF). The sponging events
lead to optimized nutrient transport, artistically realized with pearl chains (oligopeptides)
passing through holes (porins). The choice of the background colors were purely based
on aesthetic reasons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/82_22.txt,clip,82_22.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_4.png,A,"On the cover: Watson et al. integrate multi-omics approaches to investigate how the glioblastoma microenvironment
responds to different treatment interventions and discover how treatment-associated
fibrosis can protect surviving tumor cells and promote eventual recurrence. This four-part
image depicts a mouse glioblastoma with renderings of high-dimensional imaging, single-cell
RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, and spatial transcriptomics,
respectively in clockwise sequence. Credit: Spencer Watson, Anoek Zomer, and Johanna
Joyce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,"On the cover: To holistically describe and comprehensively characterize cancer cells
and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, Bagaev et al. (pp. 845–865) analyzed transcriptomes
of over 10,000 cancer patients. This led to the identification of four distinct subtypes
of tumor microenvironment that are conserved across 20 different cancers. These four
subtypes, depicted in the cover, are strongly associated with prognosis and response
to immunotherapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_7.txt,vitg,39_7.txt,"On the cover: The transdifferentiation paths of erythroid precursor cells (EPCs) under
the influence of tumor is delineated from Palantir algorithm‐based single-cell transcriptomic
trajectory analysis (Long et al., 674–693), and embedded into artwork inspired by
Wassily Kandinsky's “Composition 8.” As acquired “organs,” tumors exert a self-beneficial
influence on the immune system by hijacking of erythropoiesis for myelopoiesis. Besides
exacerbating anemia, CD45+ EPCs transdifferentiation generates myeloid cells that
robustly curtail anti‐tumor immunity. Clinically, the abundance of these converted
cells predicts immune tolerance in many human tumor types and resistance to immune
checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Design and painting by Yijie Hou. Conceptual visualization
by Qi-Jing Li and Bo Zhu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_7.txt,vith,40_7.txt,"On the cover: A variety of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes have been reported
in the tumor microenvironment, but their exact function has yet to be determined.
Here, Nicolas et al. (168–184) show that, in rectal cancer, inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs)
are a major determinant of response to chemoradiotherapy, as they are prone to becoming
senescent upon treatment, thereby resulting in increased extracellular matrix (ECM)
production and therapy resistance. Consistently, preventing iCAFs polarization results
in better response to therapy. The cover summarizes how iCAF-enhanced ECM production
forms a shield around the tumor to protect it from irradiation (lightning). Cover
illustration was designed by Dirk Stähling.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_11.txt,clip,40_11.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_4.png,A,"Late-stage halogenation has gained prominence for its role in diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules, including natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Recent strategies, characterized by mild conditions, accessible and stable catalysts, and broad functional group tolerance, provide streamlined approaches for the synthesis of halogenated drugs, natural products, and peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,Artificial and hybrid micro- and nanomachines of various shapes and sizes can be employed as active drug delivery vehicles and as active microcleaners in environmental applications. See article by Samuel Sánchez and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00386). Cover art design by Alejandro Posada.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,This cover shows the detailed stacking conformation of two triarylamine molecules and their subsequent growth in functional supramolecular polymers featuring exceptional electronic and photonic transport properties. See article by Nicolas Giuseppone and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00536). Cover art by Mathieu Le Jeune.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_9.txt,vith,2019_9.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/32_1.png,C,"Piwi-directed heterochromatin
Panoramix SUMOylation on chromatin connects the piRNA pathway to heterochromatin formation in Drosophila.
See Article by Andreev, Yu, et al.
Image: Melica73 / Alamy Stock Photo Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/29_11.txt,clip,29_11.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,"A chromatin loop in plant immunity
Mencia, Arce et al. show that, in Arabidopsis, an inverted-repeat transposon next to the gene that encodes the pathogen receptor EFR forms a rollercoaster-like loop to control chromatin organization, Mencia, Arce et al. show that, in Arabidopsis, an inverted-repeat transposon next to the gene that encodes the pathogen receptor EFR forms a rollercoaster-like loop to control chromatin organization, EFR expression and the plant immune response.EFR expression and the plant immune response.
See Mencia, Arce et al.
Image credit: Yangang Li / TAO Images Limited / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"Structures of human APOBEC3A and an APOBEC3A/3B chimera bound to ssDNA reveal a U-shaped binding mode and provide insight into target selectivity. Cover shows the Moselschleife bei Bremm. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, image from studioworxx / iStock / Getty Images Plus. (p 131, News and Views p 97)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_11.txt,vith,24_11.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_7.png,D,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,A metal-free layered organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries intercalates Li+ and stores more energy in a shorter charging time than inorganic incumbents.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_10.txt,ave_2,2024_10.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_5.png,A,"Due to their astonishing phenotypic diversity and amenability to
genetic analysis and functional experimentation, monkeyflowers provide an excellent
platform to probe the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic evolution. In this issue,
Yao-Wu Yuan and colleagues discuss various ""unusual suspects"" for the molecular
basis of phenotypic variation, revealed by recent studies in a wide range of organisms
including monkeyflowers. Illustration by Bianca T. Ferreira.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_5.txt,groundtruth,40_5.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_2,29_3.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,val
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_16.png,D,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,The presently introduced HFLD method quantifies noncovalent interactions accurately irrespective of the spin state of the system while providing at the same time important physical insights into their nature. The cover art features a solvated carbene in its triplet state. The solute,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,"for clinical decision support. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13,  210–222.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2017_9.txt,ave_1,2017_9.txt,"The viscosity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) holds significant influence across diverse research applications. Understanding and predicting DES viscosity is crucial for advancing various scientific projects. We developed different machine learning models for the prediction of DESs viscosity using the physics-informed input features, and these models help to accelerate the development of novel DESs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_11.png,D,"In this Review, we shed light onto the fundamental understanding of the origin of phase instability for both the intrinsic structure and extrinsic factors. We highlight the methodologies used to suppress the undesired phase transitions of formamidinium- and cesium-based halide perovskites with an emphasis on structure–property relationships. The cover image reflects on the delicate nature of these structures under environmental conditions (weak tree, left) and highlights their robustness in their pristine conditions (leafy tree, right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_8.txt,ave_2,2021_8.txt,Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in both photovoltaic and light-emission applications. The cover art shows the perovskite crystal structure capable of strongly absorbing light to generate electrical power as a solar cell or efficiently generating light emission from electrical power as a light-emitting device. There are still a number of losses in these materials that particularly limit the light-emission processes. Eliminating these loss pathways will lead to photovoltaic and light-emission devices approaching their efficiency limits. Credit: Dr. Matthew T. Klug.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_6.txt,clip,2017_6.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,concomitantly formed back-surface electrical-field and reduced surface potential fluctuations reinforce the built-in electric-field and minimize the electron extraction barrier. This work represents a promising strategy to energy-level optimization at the heterojunction interface.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
innovation,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_3.png,C,"On the cover: The pace of science and technology is accelerating, and the future is
arriving quickly. During the great process of reaching the future, the now highly
comprehensive and interdisciplinary network of science, so-called “ScienceX” by The
Innovation, plays a more important role than ever before. We believe the development of interdisciplinary
science and technology concerns our destiny in the coming future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Extremophiles are invaluable biological resources, pivotal for unraveling
the mysteries of life, revealing the origins and evolution of life on Earth, and exploring
extraterrestrial planets. Syntrichia caninervis, a desert moss, exemplifies life's remarkable adaptability to extreme environments.
It demonstrates extraordinary desiccation tolerance, capable of losing over 98% of
its cellular water content, and can endure −196°C ultra-low temperatures. Additionally,
it exhibits exceptional radiation resistance, withstanding doses of more than 5,000
Gy of gamma irradiation. This moss can survive and maintain vitality under simulated
Mars conditions. S. caninervis is one of the toughest plants on Earth, offering promising potential as a pioneer
species for future Mars colonization and terraforming efforts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral.
Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent
global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated
by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today,
in order to explore the future of science.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_3.txt,vith,1_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.png,D,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,vitg,2018_1.txt,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,vith,2019_12.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,This cover art describes an antibacterial hydrogel material covering wounds on the skin. The hydrogel hosts extracellular vesicles derived from mint leaves. These extracellular vesicles kill the bacteria in the wound site and promote wound healing. The cover art is made with Adobe Firefly.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_14.png,C,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,clip,24_10.txt,"The crop selection process has created a genetic bottleneck ultimately restricting
breeding output. On pages 42–52 Abdelhafid Bendahmane and colleagues discuss how wild
relatives of major crops as well as the so-called “neglected plant” species represent
a reservoir of genetic diversity that remains underutilized. Those species could be
used as a tool to discover new alleles of agronomical interest or as a target of breeding
programs to translate in neglected crops what was discovered in major crops and reciprocally.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,"David G. Robinson and colleagues discuss growing doubts about the
true role of the common mycorrhizal networks (CMN) connecting the roots of trees
in forests. The authors discuss recent work that questions the claim of a substantial
carbon transfer from ‘mother trees’ to their offspring and nearby seedlings through
the
CMN. Current evidence for the ‘mother tree concept’ is inconclusive or absent. The
origin of this concept seems to stem from a desire to humanize plant life but can
lead to
misunderstandings and false interpretations and may eventually harm rather than help
the commendable cause of preserving forests. Image credit: Susanne C. Brink (image:
abstract metal tree sculpture, highlighting trees as engineering masterpieces of nature;
Eisenbaum, https://www.regionalpark-rheinmain.de/portfolio-item/der-eisenbaum/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_14.txt,groundtruth,29_14.txt,"Plants are as adept as animals and humans in reacting effectively to their ever-changing
environment. Their ability to learn from experience and to memorize previous experiences
in order to optimize fitness allows effective acclimation to environmental stresses
and can be considered a form of intelligence. On pages 286–294 Leendert C. van Loon
reviews this ‘intelligent behaviour’, the exceptional versatility of plants to deal
with their environment. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Cover image shows La Primavera
by Giuseppe Arcimboldo, 1563, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid
(reproduced with permission).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/21_9.txt,ave_0,21_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_10.png,C,"Neutrophil NETs, inspired by the Review on p274.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_8.txt,clip,23_8.txt,"COVER: SARS-CoV-2 ignites the inflammasome, inspired by the Progress on p694.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"Membrane organisers, inspired by the Review on p193.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_10.txt,groundtruth,24_10.txt,"‘Deciphering TCR signalling’, inspired by the Review on p485
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/18_5.txt,vith,18_5.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_3.png,C,"Early cancer diagnosis
This focus issue highlights advances in the isolation of cancer biomarkers in blood and in diagnostic or imaging probes for the early detection of cancer.
The cover illustrates a lipid-based nanoprobe for the isolation of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (Article; News & Views).
Image by Xin Zou, Yuan Wan and Si-Yang Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"Patient-specific 3D-printed cardiac plugs
This issue highlights a personalized cardiovascular occluder made via 3D printing, a cloud-based machine-learning software for the prediction of CRISPR–Cas9 off-target effects, a stem-cell-based approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and engineered microbes for cancer chemoprevention.
The cover illustrates a 3D-printed personalized occluder for closing the heart’s left atrial appendage so as to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
See Robinson et al.
Image: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"An immunosuppressive subcutaneous niche for treating ulcerative colitis
This issue highlights an injectable zwitterionic gel that can be applied to the tip of insulin-infusion catheters, week-long normoglycaemia in diabetic mice and minipigs via glucose-responsive insulin, subcutaneous biodegradable scaffolds for restimulating the antitumour activity of pre-administered CAR T cells, an injectable subcutaneous colon-specific immune niche for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, subcutaneous neovascularization for the long-term survival of encapsulated islets without immunosuppression, prevention of peri-implant fibrosis by functionally inhibiting skeletal cells expressing the leptin receptor, and the discovery of immunometabolic cues reprogramming the microenvironment around implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates an injectable subcutaneous colon-specific niche consisting of colon epithelial cells, decellularized colon extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive nanofibres.
See Au et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly
This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions.
The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly.
See Gong et al.
Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.txt,vith,8_8.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_16.png,A,Anionization artificially modulated to increase electron cloud density and enhance intermolecular forces between amine with carbon dioxide.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,vitg,2018_17.txt,": Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: T. Sun et al., “Syngas Conversion to Aromatics over the Co2C‑Based Catalyst and HZSM‑5 via a Tandem System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00237); W. Peng et al., “Guanidine-Functionalized Amphiphilic Silica Nanoparticles as a Pickering Interfacial Catalyst for Biodiesel Production” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06097); and H. Yang et al., “Highly Efficient Production of 5‑Methoxymethylfurfural from Fructose in Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Amberlyst-15 Catalytic System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06392).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_42.txt,clip,2020_42.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Li et al., “Porous Metallosalen Hypercrosslinked Ionic Polymers for Cooperative CO2 Cycloaddition Conversion” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05304); A. Ateka et al., “Strategies for the Intensification of CO2 Valorization in the One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05749); and Y. Zhang et al., “Efficient SO2 Removal Using a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework with Molecular Sieving Effect” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06040).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_51.txt,vith,2020_51.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_7.png,A,"Ozone and health
In this issue, Achebak et al. quantify the contributions of both national ozone and imported ozone to the ozone-related mortality burden in 35 European countries, showing that most deaths are attributable to imported ozone. The cover highlights the link between high ozone levels and adverse respiratory health outcomes, and depicts examples of primary ozone sources and transboundary transported ozone.
See Achebak et al.
Image: Mario Ejarque and Albert López, Barcelona Supercomputing Center. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_7.txt,groundtruth,30_7.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,ave_1,10_12.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_14.png,A,"On the cover: Rana et al. develop the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) Versortrexate (VSTX), shown in
the foreground, as a composite molecule of the antifolate methotrexate (red) and the
E3 ligase-targeting small-molecule thalidomide (blue). Once VSTX engages dihydrofolate
reductase (DHFR) (foreground), it catalyzes DHFR’s proteasome-dependent degradation,
depicted as disintegrating images of DHFR. Artwork designed by Darryl Leja and James
Inglese.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_14.txt,groundtruth,31_14.txt,"On the cover: Exploration of the CUL3KEAP1 E3 ligase for PROTAC-mediated degradation.
KEAP1-based PROTACs show activity against human BRD4 and result in species-specific
degradation of mouse Fak protein, but not the human FAK. The cover depicts a model
of the dimeric CUL3KEAP1 E3 ligase with Ubiquitin charged E2 D1 conjugating enzyme
forming ternary complex with BRD4BD2. BRD4BD2 and mFak are about to engage with the
ligase, while polyubiquitinated mFak product in the background is ready to be processed
by the proteasome resulting in protein degradation. The complex of full-length KEAP1,
CUL3, RBX1, E2 D1, and Ubiquitin was assembled by alignment of sub-complexes generated
by ColabFold.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_3.txt,clip,29_3.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_3.png,C,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,vith,3_1.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"In this Review, Fawcett et al. describe intentional and unintentional forgetting in laboratory and real-world settings.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_3.txt,groundtruth,3_3.txt,"In this Review, Gagné et al. describe how self-determination theory can help researchers and practitioners shape the future of work to ensure it meets workers’ psychological needs.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.png,C,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,clip,6_2.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers,
published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration
with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied
research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_12.png,D,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,ave_2,2023_7.txt,"A proline-catalyzed aldol condensation of a glycine Schiff base was developed for the synthesis of α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives. The synthesized α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives could be incorporated into peptides not only at the C-terminal but also at the N-terminal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_11.png,D,"Our understanding of how the brain works depends on how brain functions like perception,
attention, memory, and emotion are conceptualized and defined. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nicole Rust and Joseph LeDoux highlight the unease that has persisted about these
issues in psychology and neuroscience for over a century. Rust and LeDoux also discuss
why this underappreciated issue is so challenging. Because getting it right is so
crucial, they call for more attention to be drawn to the topic. Cover image by Julia
Kuhl, depicting the sleuthing of brain functions by a neuroscientist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_12.txt,ave_0,46_12.txt,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vitg,46_1.txt,"The retrosplenial cortex contains neurons such as head direction cells and border
cells. It supports diverse functions such as head direction, boundary and landmark
encoding, as well as position representation, all of which serve as a basis for navigation.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Martin Stacho and Denise Manahan-Vaughan discuss evidence from rodent and human
studies that supports a role for the retrosplenial cortex in spatial navigation, spatial
memory, and spatial cognition. The cover features an artistic representation of how,
in rodents, the retrosplenial cortex integrates egocentric, allocentric, and path
integration information to select salient sensory cues for spatial navigation. This
in turn can support place field representations by the hippocampus and the choice
of navigation strategy depending on ambient environmental conditions. Cover artwork
was created by Denise Manahan-Vaughan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_9.txt,clip,45_9.txt,"The locus coeruleus is a small brainstem nucleus that sends
neuromodulatory projections to much of the mammalian brain. As discussed in an
Opinion article by Rebecca Jordan in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, the locus
coeruleus has recently been shown to report many types of prediction error, making
it
a likely site for reporting global model failures: incidences where the brain’s predictions
about the environment are strongly violated. The cover image shows a mouse locus
coeruleus inside a pupil (an indicator of locus coeruleus activity) monitoring neurons
of the brain (represented as triangles, or stars in the sky) for prediction errors.
Cover
design by Rebecca Jordan; photo credits for the iris image: John M Lund Photography
Inc/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_11.txt,groundtruth,47_11.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_5.png,D,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_1,2016_6.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,"Plasmonic hydrogen sensors are enhanced by using algorithms of phase space reconstruction and convolutional neural networks, achieving high accuracies, and significantly improving response speed, sensitivity, and the limit of detection. This work introduces safe, nonelectronic remote sensing, achieving 0.98 accuracy, with implications for advancing spectrum-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,val
Nature Plants,10_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_5.png,D,"Wall planner
Xa4 is a widely exploited and lasting disease resistance gene in rice breeding. It encodes a cell wall-associated kinase that slightly reduces plant height by partially preventing culm cell elongation.
See Nature Plants 3, 17009 (2017).
Image: S. Wang            Cover Design: L. Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,"Shape Shifting
How do essentially flat leaves develop their complex curves? Polarity signals produce changes in mechanical properties – related to the methyl-esterification of cell-wall pectins – of cell walls on opposite sides of the leaf. This mechanical heterogeneity is sufficient to create the leaves' asymmetry.
See  Nature Plants   3,  724–733 (2017).
Image: Jiyan Qi. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/3_4.txt,ave_0,3_4.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Beating the bounds
Membranes host, modulate and coordinate a multitude of cellular activities. Different proteins are localized to different cell membranes, and domains within them, such as RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 4, which is found at cell edges and particularly at corners.
See Jaillais et al.
Image: Liam Elliot, ENS de Lyon. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_5.txt,groundtruth,10_5.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_4.png,B,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,vitg,36_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments
caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which,
in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the
boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere
suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption.
Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_4.txt,groundtruth,36_4.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,clip,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,vith,21_6.txt,test
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_2.png,D,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,vitg,40_10.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Development of protective immune responses relies on a balance
between proinflammatory CD4 T helper (Th) cell populations such as Th17 cells and
regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) that keep immune activation in check. In this issue,
Kaul
and Schwartzberg discuss the role of interleukin-2–inducible T cell kinase (Itk),
which
controls the activation of phospholipase C gamma, Ca2+ influx and the activity of the
NFAT transcription factor, in regulating the balance between Th17 and Tregs. They
also explore the potential of inhibiting Itk as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune
diseases. Dark pink/orange cells are Th17 cells with greater Itk activity and Ca2+ flux.
Light pink cell represents a Treg cell with decreased Itk activity and Ca2+ flux. Cover
art designed by Alexander Stewart, NIAID using Maxon Cinema4D Software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_2.txt,groundtruth,45_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.png,B,"Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,groundtruth,2_6.txt,"The motions of the heart are regulated by electrophysiological signals, which can be monitored and altered by bioelectronic devices for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, soft bioelectronic devices, composed of deformable and conductive materials, can be implanted or designed as wearable devices to enable conformal contact with heart tissue or the skin for real-time and precise diagnosis and treatment. See Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,train
Biophysical Reports,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_3.png,D,"On the cover: Single-photon arrivals are the rawest form of data available. One by one, these
arrivals update our knowledge as to the state and dynamics of a single-molecule system
labeled with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. This cartoon highlights
the essence of a three-part manuscript appearing in Biophysical Reports (single-photon, single-molecule (sm)FRET I-III) on a single-photon smFRET framework
leveraging Bayesian nonparametrics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_4.txt,vitg,3_4.txt,"On the cover: We used a pressure vessel model to investigate the relationship between
virus shape and critical stress and found that filament formation is a way of increasing
individual virus volume without particle rupture. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100181.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user
interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule
spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_2.txt,clip,4_2.txt,"On the cover: Tetraspanin proteins (TSPANs) are found in all cell types and are involved in functions
like cell adhesion, membrane fusion, and cancer metastasis, mainly through their ability
to form higher-order structures. Their assembly depends on membrane concentration,
which can increase in curved membranes for some tetraspanins because of their sensitivity
to membrane curvature. To understand how different parts of the protein contribute
to its assembly and curvature sensitivity, micropipette aspiration combined with confocal
microscopy and optical tweezers was used. The illustration depicts a vesicle containing
TSPAN4 proteins held in a micropippete, with a membrane tube pulled from it by using
an optically trapped bead. Upon tube formation, the proteins partition into the tube.
By using this assay, it was demonstrated that the protein's extracellular loop 2 contributes
to the curvature sensitivity and curvature-induced interactions of TSPAN4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100149",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,train
iScience,27_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_2.png,D,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,vith,27_4.txt,"On the cover: The findings of Libbrecht et al. indicate that histone acetylation regulates
daily circadian activity in colonies of the ant Temnothorax longispinosus. The cover represents Temnothorax ants following a circadian rhythm in the form of DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
Illustration by Jenny Fuchs. See Libbrecht et al, vol. 23, 2020.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_10.txt,clip,23_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the interconnectedness of the elements affected
during urban ecosystem rehabilitation plans: the health of the environment and all
living beings, urban architecture, and human psychological perception. In the foreground,
the head symbolizes a “green city” built upon scientific foundations, with intertwined
natural and architectural elements, idealizing a balanced system where micro- and
macrobiomes healthily coexist. In the mirror reflection, invasive species, pathogens,
and pests highlight the challenges that need to be scientifically monitored to prevent
them from becoming negative aspects of the green transition toward the cities of tomorrow.
This vision is the core of the perspective by Bruno et al., providing an evidence-based urban rehabilitation framework. Image credit: Giulia
Ghisleni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_2.txt,groundtruth,27_2.txt,train
Biophysical Journal,124_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_4.png,C,"Cover picture: Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations reveal the lipid organization and dynamics
of biologically complex idealized brain plasma membranes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/113_3.txt,vith,113_3.txt,"Cover picture: Inspired by molecular mechanisms that cells exploit to sense mechanical forces and
convert them into biochemical signals, chemists dream of designing mechano-chemical
switches integrated into materials. Using the adhesion protein fibronectin, where
essentially each of its multiple repeats displays another molecular recognition motif,
a computational model was derived asking how minimalistic designs of repeats translate
into mechanical characteristics of their fibrillar assemblies. Artwork prepared by
the coauthor Thierry Savin. See the article by Peleg et al. on page 1909.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/103_4.txt,vitg,103_4.txt,"Cover picture: This image shows a snapshot of our computational model of the nuclear pore complex
(NPC). The NPC is a large protein complex embedded in the nuclear membrane, and it
is responsible for all transport into and out of the nucleus. This is mediated by
numerous intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs; the filaments in the image). To
control transport, the NPC is highly selective: only very specific proteins and nucleic
acids are allowed to pass through by binding to specialized transporter proteins.
To shed light on this process, we developed a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model
that allowed us to study the transport of these proteins (blue spheres in the image) through the IDP meshwork. The image shows a cut-open view of the NPC
with IDPs (the different bead colors correspond to different amino acids) anchored
to the inner walls of the scaffold, with blue transport proteins transporting through
the NPC. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3313.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_4.txt,groundtruth,124_4.txt,"Cover picture: The structure of baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), widely used as a bioinsecticide and a protein
expression vector, was determined to near-atomic resolutions by using single-particle
electron cryomicroscopy. By developing a structural discovery approach with AlphaFold,
more than 100 previously unidentified protein subunits in the head and base domains
of the AcMNPV nucleocapsid were modeled. These models help to describe a mechanism
of nucleocapsid assembly and how it can package exogenous genomic material. Corum
et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.021.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/123_21.txt,clip,123_21.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_4.png,C,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,ave_0,11_3.txt,"A new method, hopping probe ion conductance microscopy, can be used to discern topological features like stereocilia on live mouse auditory hair cells. Cover by Erin Boyle, based on images provided by Pavel Novak. Brief Communication, p279",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/6_9.txt,clip,6_9.txt,"Enhancing lamella preparation for cryo-ET with serial lift-out
Artistic representation of the sectioning step in a focused ion beam-based sample preparation technique, Serial Lift-Out. A block of vitreously frozen biological material (here, a C. elegans L1 larva embedded in buffer) is attached to a micromanipulator needle and transferred to a rectangular-mesh copper electron microscopy grid to be serially sectioned.
See Article
Image: Jürgen M. Plitzko. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.png,B,Cryo-EM reconstructions of the small subunit processome provide essentially complete snapshots of the ribosome in construction. Cover image by Jonas Barandun. (pp 944 and 954),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_2.txt,ave_3,24_2.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,"NSMB 25
To mark NSMB’s 25th year, we have commissioned a special anniversary Series that celebrates the exciting research that we are proud to feature in NSMB. The Series begins with two Reviews in this issue, from Kobilka and colleagues and from Rossmann and colleagues.
See Editorial  25 , 1 (2018)
Image: Alfred Pasieka. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/25_12.txt,clip,25_12.txt,"Architecture of the ciliary radial spoke
Structural work reveals the architecture of the radial spoke in unprecedented detail and provides insights into the mechanoregulation of motile cilia.
See Article by Grossman-Haham et al. and Article by Gui et al.
Image: Adam Beedle / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_12.txt,ave_2,28_12.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_1.png,B,"In our November issue: articles on fibromyalgia, precision medicine in psoriatic arthritis and sex hormones in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_2.txt,ave_1,16_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p747.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"In our July issue: articles on prevention of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis, pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease and epidemiology of gout.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_6.txt,ave_2,16_6.txt,"Key advances in rheumatology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p69
Cover design: S.Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_7.png,B,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812), (Top center) Accurate Prediction of Bond Dissociation Energies and Barrier Heights for High-Energy Caged Nitro and Nitroamino Compounds Using a Coupled Cluster Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (23), 4883–4890. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01506), (Top right) Ionic Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Gas Phase Association of Acetonitrile and Acetone with Halogenated Benzene Cations (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (7), 1363–1371. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09094), (Bottom left) Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Growth and Structural Stability of ZIF-8 Layers Probed by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (5), 1100–1109. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09610, (Bottom center) Stereodynamic Imaging of Bromine Atomic Photofragments Eliminated from 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane Oriented via Hexapole State Selector (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (31), 6635–6644. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04048) , (Bottom right) New Developments in Semiclassical Transition-State Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (22), 4639–4657. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01987).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2020_42.txt,ave_1,2020_42.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2020_19.txt,ave_2,2020_19.txt,test
Molecular Therapy,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_5.png,A,On the cover: Schematic representation of mRNA translation to protein by a ribosome from Tkaczyk et al. Image credit: Astra Zeneca.,MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,ave_1,26_4.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_407,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_407.png,B,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_579.txt,clip,12_579.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Cell Signaling, features 7 new or updated pathways in the Database of Cell Signaling, which are also briefly highlighted in the associated Editorial Guide. The image depicts an ""insider's view"" of cell signaling. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_407.txt,groundtruth,2007_407.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Research Article  that describes a pathway, which the authors call the ""Phoenix Rising"" pathway, by which dying cells promote tissue regeneration. The image is an illustration of a phoenix rising from a site of tissue injury, representing the process by which the dying cells stimulate cell proliferation. [Image concept: Chuan-Yuan Li, University of Colorado School of Medicine; illustration by Stan Coffman, medmediasolutions]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_110.txt,vith,3_110.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that suggests that factors secreted by tumor cells inhibit the differentiation of dendritic cell progenitors, thus inhibiting the antitumor immune response. The image is an artist's depiction of the effect of tumor-derived factors (red haze) on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. [Image: Val Altounian, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_313.txt,vitg,7_313.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.png,A,"Persistence through adversity, inspired by the Roadmap on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.txt,groundtruth,24_3.txt,"'The building blocks of cancer' by Lara Crow, inspired by this Focus issue.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/16_3.txt,vith,16_3.txt,"COVER: CRISPR in cancer, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_8.txt,clip,22_8.txt,"Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_9.png,D,"Lasing from bulk nanocrystals
The image depicts surface-emitting lasers consisting of a bulk nanocrystal layer covered by a 2D photonic crystal grating.
See Geiregat
Image: Ivo Tanghe, Ghent University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_1.txt,clip,18_1.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,"Machine learning for enhancing nanomedicine permeability
The cover shows a confocal fluorescence microscopy image of a tumour tissue section in the presence of genetically recombinant human ferritin nanocages. Ferritin nanocage particles permeate the tissue through the tumour vasculatures, here visible at individual blood vessels level.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Mingsheng Zhu, Nankai University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_7.txt,vitg,18_7.txt,"Nanobots for radionuclide bladder cancer therapy
The cover image shows a three-dimensional reconstruction of a mouse bladder affected by a prominent tumour, with urease-powered nanobots targeting the tumour.
See Simó et al.
Image: Julien Colombelli, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_9.txt,groundtruth,19_9.txt,val
Current Biology,34_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_23.png,C,"On the cover: This image is a maximum-intensity projection of a z series from female
Indian muntjac fibroblast in anaphase, highlighting microtubules (cyan), kinetochores
(magenta), and chromosomes (white). Microtubules and kinetochores were acquired in
super-resolution STED mode and are shown as raw data. Chromosomes were acquired in
confocal mode, and the respective contours were highlighted using the “find edges”
tool in FIJI. Note the presence of a lagging chromatid containing a large kinetochore
with merotelic attachments (i.e., a single kinetochore attached to microtubules oriented
to both spindle poles). The Indian muntjac is a small deer with the lowest known chromosome
number in mammals (2n = 6 ♀ or 2n = 7 ♂) and discernible kinetochore size variability.
In this issue, Drpic et al. (pages 1344–1356) show that chromosome bi-orientation,
congression to the metaphase plate, error formation, and chromosome segregation are
biased by kinetochore size. Image provided by Danica Drpic and Helder Maiato.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/28_16.txt,vitg,28_16.txt,"On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia
called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for
walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell.
Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane
potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate
the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently.
SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_21.txt,vith,34_21.txt,"On the cover: Bundles of in vitro reconstituted, oriented actin filaments (in magenta) formed in the presence of an
abundant microtubule polymerase CKAP5 (also known as chTOG, or XMAP215 from X. laevis; in cyan). In this issue, Sabo et al. describe novel functions of CKAP5 using a combination of in vitro reconstitution and neuronal explant experiments. The authors show that CKAP5 autonomously
bundles actin filaments (seen here on the cover), crosslinks actin filaments to microtubules
regardless of their polarity, and enables the formation of persistent actin bundles
templated by dynamically unstable microtubules. Cover image by Jan Sabo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_23.txt,groundtruth,34_23.txt,"On the cover: The cover image shows microtubule networks in enucleated cells plated
on adhesive micropatterns of various geometries. Microtubules radiate from the centrosome,
which acts as the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell. It is known that
the centrosome-microtubule network has self-centering properties, but the mechanism
ensuring this positioning is unclear. In this issue, Jimenez et al. (pages 1206–1220)
demonstrate that, contrary to the classical belief, the centrosome-microtubule network
does not position at the cell geometrical center but at a position defined by the
architecture of the actin network. When the adhesion pattern is homogeneous and the
cell contour is regular, this position can correspond to the cell geometrical center.
But in asymmetric conditions (corresponding here to the “moon-shaped” or the “arm-chair-shaped”
geometries at the bottom of the image) where the contraction and protrusion activities
of the actin network are polarized, the centrosome position is shifted away from the
contractile region toward an inner region devoid of contractile acto-myosin bundles
and rich in dynein motors exerting pulling forces on microtubules. Image by Manuel
Théry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_19.txt,clip,31_19.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_10.png,A,"Lysosomes degrade macromolecules through about 70 soluble
hydrolytic enzymes that are transported from the Golgi to lysosomes in a mannose
6-phosphate-dependent process. On pages 198–210 in this issue, Braulke et al. review
lysosomal enzyme trafficking pathways and their significance for human diseases.
The cover image shows a 3D reconstruction of electron microscopy sections from
LYSET-deficient cells, which lack the mannose 6-phosphate pathway and accumulate
undigested storage material in lysosomes (digitally colored). Cover image from
Michaela Schweizer and Rudolph Reimer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_10.txt,groundtruth,34_10.txt,"On The Cover: Mammalian cell culture remains an essential tool across virtually all areas of biological
and pharmacological research, whereby tissue-derived cells are placed in an artificial
environment of controlled conditions. Despite what has become a clear recognition
that environmental factors contribute to cell physiology and drug efficacy, the biochemical
conditions of such systems remain largely dictated by classic cell culture media that
poorly recapitulate the metabolic composition of human blood. In this issue, Cantor
(pp. 855–862) discusses the recent arrival and future potential of systematically
designed physiologic media, which is balanced by a careful examination of considerations
that will be key to the design, use, and continued development of such reagents and
of model systems more broadly. Cover illustration by Huston Design, www.hustondesign.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,"Cell biological research is becoming increasingly three dimensional, taking into account
spatial dynamics when studying biological questions. In this special issue of Trends
in Cell Biology, researchers from across various fields discuss how the inner architecture
of the cell, and the external environment that surrounds it, impacts upon cell function.
The cover image, Z-stack projections of a mouse mammary organoid grown in Matrigel
3D cultures, provides a striking example of how considering three-dimensional structure
can offer insight into behaviour. Cover image courtesy of Ian Macara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_1.txt,vitg,21_1.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,ave_0,26_8.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_3.png,D,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,vith,37_4.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,clip,33_7.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"Parasitoid wasps are a highly diverse group of insects known for their
parasitic lifestyle. These species have become important models for multiple scientific
fields, including evolutionary biology and biological control. Advances in genomic
resources and research have greatly enhanced our understanding of parasitoid wasp
biology. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Ye and co-authors provide a comprehensive
overview of the current state of genome sequencing in parasitoid wasps, highlighting
how these genomic studies have led to significant breakthroughs in understanding the
evolution of parasitoid wasps and the genetic basis of key traits. Image credit: Xinhai
Ye.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_3.txt,groundtruth,40_3.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_8.png,D,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,clip,2010_11.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_1.txt,vith,2025_1.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,vitg,2012_7.txt,"Isotactic polybutene-1 possesses superior mechanical properties, but exhibits a peculiar amorphous phase dragged to a slow crystalline phase transition after melt processing. A surprising fast transition is observed in full deuterated polybutene-1, attributing to the much lower vibrational entropy in the D polymer, resulting in a much reduced energy barrier for the transition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_12.png,D,"The cover of this issue is based on a network of ferroelectric domain walls in ErMnO3. See Everschor-Sitte et al.
Image: Dennis Meier, Jakob Schaab, amb design & illustrations. Cover design: Susanne Harris. [Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.txt,vitg,6_6.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,vith,6_5.txt,"The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al.
Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,"The cover of this issue shows an artistic representation of the equations of state of the periodic table elements, calculated using two all-electron codes in each of the 10 crystal structure configurations shown on the table. See Bosoni et al.
Image: Giovanni Pizzi, EPFL, Switzerland. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_2.png,A,"Mice in motion
Animal behavior is built from basic units of movement, analogous to syllables in human language. In mice, these ‘syllables’ have subsecond duration and include rears, turns, darts and more. Pose trajectories for several example syllables are shown here. To help with visualization, consecutive frames have been shifted horizontally before superimposing them. See Lin et al
Image: Caleb Weinreb, Harvard Medical School. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_2.txt,groundtruth,19_2.txt,"Human neurons in culture
Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.
See Miura et al.
Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,vitg,17_12.txt,"Targeted photostimulation of functionally defined ensembles of neurons
The cover shows a strategy for ‘all-optical’ interrogation of neural circuits in vivo. Neuronal responses measured using two-photon calcium imaging were elicited by sequential, targeted two-photon photostimulation of 76 spatially clustered groups of neurons in mouse visual cortex in vivo. This large-scale but targeted activation is used to map the functional responses of neurons in the field of view for subsequent experiments. Responses are color-coded by the neurons targeted in a single group.
See Russell et al.
Image : Lloyd Russell, Michael Hausser Lab, University College London. Cover design: S. Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_6.txt,vith,17_6.txt,"The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies.
See Walton et al.
Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,test
Nature Human Behaviour,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_10.png,D,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,ave_3,6_12.txt,"Travel balances sleep
Leveraging a global dataset of wearable device data for approximately 20,000 individuals, Jonasdottir and colleagues show how sleep away from home depends on the sleep needs of the individual: when travelling, underslept people tend to sleep more, whereas well-rested individuals tend to sleep less.
See Jonasdottir et al.
Cover image: Sune Lehmann, Technical University of Denmark and James P Bagrow, University of Vermont. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_8.txt,clip,6_8.txt,"Individual sleep needs
How much sleep is necessary for optimal cognitive function and brain health? Human sleep deprivation experiments in the laboratory, observational studies and the behavioural ecology and evolution literature provide different answers to this question. Fjell and Walhovd adopt a transdisciplinary view of the evidence and argue that individual sleep need is highly flexible and affected by environmental factors, individual needs and motivation. This flexibility and broader context are frequently overlooked in laboratory-based sleep restriction studies and in sleep recommendations, but are important to take into account for a more ecologically valid view of human sleep needs.
See Fjell and Walhovd
Cover image: Viktoriia Patapova/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.png,B,"Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,groundtruth,1_11.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_6.png,D,"Method of the Year 2023: methods for modeling development
Methods for modeling development are our pick for the Method of the Year 2023. The cover shows mouse blastocysts stained for trophectoderm (cyan), epiblast (yellow) and primitive endoderm (magenta).
See Editorial
Image: Berna Sozen, Zernicka-Goetz Lab. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"Versatile multiscale imaging of cleared tissues
On the cover, an optically cleared mouse brain imaged with a hybrid open-top light-sheet microscope.
See Glaser et al.
Image: Adam Glaser, University of Washington. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_8.txt,ave_1,19_8.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Tissue histology in 3D
c-Fos+ neuronal mapping of whole mouse brains using DELiVR reveals cancer-induced brain activity changes.
See Kaltenecker et al.
Image: Ali Maximilian Ertürk, Luciano Jan Höher, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_3.png,B,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,vitg,2020_7.txt,"In celebration of the ACS National Chemistry Week 2021 theme ""Fast or Slow?Chemistry Makes It Go!"", the cover features snapshots of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a reaction that oscillates in both time and space. The complex chemical system shown involves bromate, bromide, malonic acid, sulfuric acid, ferroin indicator, and oxygen from the air. The oscillations in this reaction start with the formation of small pale blue dots in a rusty red solution, with each dot expanding in ever-widening concentric rings. By swirling the solution, the reaction can be repeated. Each time the reaction occurs, the oscillation pattern is different. (Images from the Journal of Chemical Education?s Chemistry Comes Alive! video collection.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_3.txt,groundtruth,2021_3.txt,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,vith,2014_12.txt,"Reactions in gels help make a chemical process visual by slowing down the reaction rate, which allows students to observe a reaction process in detail. In the article ""Experimenting with a Visible Copper–Aluminum Displacement Reaction in Agar Gel and Observing Copper Crystal Growth Patterns To Engage Student Interest and Inquiry"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00207), Xinhua Xu, Meifen Wu, Xiaogang Wang, Yangyiwei Yang, Xiang Shi, and Guoping Wang describe an experiment in which the reaction process of copper–aluminum displacement in agar gel was observed at the microscopic level with a stereomicroscope. As shown on the cover, pine-like branches of copper crystals growing from aluminum surface into gel at a constant rate were observed. Students were asked to make hypotheses about the pattern formation and to design new research approaches to prove their hypotheses. Using this method, students carry out an experiment based on a specific chemical equation while also encountering the concepts of crystal growth and microcells through dramatic images of real-time change and visible crystal growth.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_4.txt,clip,2016_4.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_10.png,D,"Ediacaran community complexity
Enigmatic Ediacaran organisms - Tribrachidium (top) and Ivovicia (bottom) - formed complex benthic communities ~15 million years before the Cambrian Explosion of animals.
See Darroch et al.
Image: Marc Laflamme. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"200 years of dinosaurs
2024 marks 200 years since William Buckland presented Megalosaurus, arguably the first dinosaur to have been named by science. Depictions have changed since Mary Morland Buckland’s sketches of the Megalosaurus jaw accompanied her husband’s work, and a wealth of palaeontological and palaeoecological discoveries in the interim two centuries lie behind Mark Witton’s 21st-century take on a megalosaur attacking its sauropod prey in a lush Jurassic forest landscape.
See Editorial
Image: Mark P. Witton. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_1.png,B,https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,Data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics analysis conducted on children’s saliva identified characteristic proteins in caries-susceptible children prior to caries development. Keratin 3 (KRT3) and mucin 21 (MUC21) were established and further validated as a protein panel for predicting early childhood caries.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"2023 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Accelerating Research With New and Evolving Open Source Software (Hoopmann, M.R.; Schwämmle, V.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2023, 22(2), 285",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_11.txt,clip,2023_11.txt,"2021 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Finding the Right Tools for the Job (Weintraub, S.T.; Hoopmann, M.R.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2021, 20(4), 1819–1820.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2021_9.txt,ave_1,2021_9.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_15.png,D,"The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.txt,vitg,2024_3.txt,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,clip,2025_4.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,vith,2020_3.txt,"Cryo-section of one hemisphere from 18-month-old Alzheimer's disease pathology mouse model APP23 stained with two conformation-sensitive amyloid dyes, qFTAA and hFTAA: The dyes are used to visualize structural differences in amyloid depositions in several mouse models. The inset shows single plaques (artistic rendering of confocal fluorescence micrographs).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,test
Molecular Therapy,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_1.png,A,"On the cover: Damodar et al. demonstrated that RLBP1 encodes two CRALBP isoforms that are differentially expressed in human and murine
retinal tissues: two isoforms in retinal pigment epithelium and one isoform in Müller
glial cells. The image shows 3D isosurface rendering (Imaris) of a 250-day-old retinal
organoid labeled for CRALBP (multicolor object ID) in Müller glial cells. The Müller
cells span the outer nuclear layer (in blue), with their end feet forming the outer
limiting membrane that surrounds the organoid. Image credit: Hassan Boukhaddaoui and
Nejla Erkilic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,vith,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: Myelin was significantly preserved in sciatic nerves of long-term surviving twitcher
mice after receiving neonatal global gene therapy with an AAV9-based vector expressing
the gene encoding galactosylceramidase, coupled with bone marrow transplantation (Marshall
et al., pp. 874–889).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_12.txt,clip,26_12.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_11.png,D,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,"Light exposure and mental health
The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention.
See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,ave_3,1_8.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,groundtruth,2_11.txt,train
BDJ,237_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_2.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vith,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on mental health, oral cancer inequalities, and autism spectrum condition

Cover image: From 2023. For this issue, we celebrate the cover series from last year which aimed to consider the UNs’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the relevance they have to dentistry, our patients and their oral health. Although there are 17 SDGs, we only have 12 covers in a volume so we had to select the dozen that we felt were most appropriate for this purpose but not necessarily the most important overall – as depicted in the future-gazing professional on this cover’s revisit (Volume 235 Issue 1, 14 July 2023).
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_2.txt,groundtruth,237_2.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smoking cessation, MIOC, and cocaine-induced destruction of the palate.

Cover image: From 2016. To celebrate the birth of the Portfolio and mark the first anniversary of the launch of its newest member, the open access online-only journal BDJ Open, we designed a cover series highlighting the letters B, D and J in collaboration with long-time editorial board member, Professor Damien Walmsley. The BDJ element represented in the cover of this issue is, perhaps somewhat controversially, composed of cake crafted in the letters by editorial team member at the time Ruth Doherty. Although appearing as Volume 221 Issue 7 (7 October 2016), it was actually baked and consumed in July of that year at a delicious editorial board meeting!
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_7.txt,vitg,237_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,clip,228_1.txt,test
BDJ In Practice,37_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_5.png,A,"In this issue...
Welcome to the second equality, diversity and inclusion themed issue of BDJ In Practice.

Society is changing. Are we more tolerant and accepting than ever before, or have we gone the other way? In this issue we dive into dentistry and all things EDI
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_5.txt,groundtruth,37_5.txt,"In this issue...
In March's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at the workforce and recruitment sector - the very foundations of the dental profession
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_10.txt,clip,35_10.txt,"In this issue...
Having discussions about and around taboo topics isn't the easiest, but with HPV-related head and neck cancers, is it necessary?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_1.txt,vith,35_1.txt,"In this diversity themed issue
Diversity matters, but is dentistry leading the way or lagging behind? In this themed edition, we unpick all aspects of equality, diversity and inclusion
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_4.png,C,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,"Tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, and its main in vivo metabolite, NNAL, are potent human lung carcinogens, and their enhanced clearance through glucuronidation will reduce the human lung cancer risk. Kava was demonstrated to enhance both O- and N-glucuronidation of NNAL among pilot trial participants, with N-glucuronidation predictive from UGT2B10 SNPs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_2.png,D,Mid-infrared thin-film waveguides are promising key components for next-generation label-free chem/bio sensors in environmental analysis and medical diagnostics. Cover art created by Markus Sieger.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2016_14.txt,vitg,2016_14.txt,This cover is part of Analytical Chemistry's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. The art was created by Cornell University Ph.D. Student Xu Liu and depicts her journey to pursuing a higher degree in renewable energy research.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_34.txt,vith,2022_34.txt,Depicted on the cover is an original piece by Science Artist Dr. Semarhy Quiñones-Soto entitled “See a Scientist. Be a Scientist.” The digital illustration celebrates the presence of underrepresented faces in chemistry to serve as inspiration for the young women who seek to pursue careers in STEM. This cover is a part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series aimed to promote the creative work of chemists in BIPOC communities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2021_41.txt,clip,2021_41.txt,"3D-printed dual-channel flow-through miniaturized devices (3Dd) with dual electrochemical detection (EDd) integrating two working electrodes each in an in-channel configuration (3Dd–EDd), are combined with the rich PB-based electrochemistry to obtain reliable, stable, and ready-to-use devices with excellent analytical performance toward hydrogen peroxide detection in cultivar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,test
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_1.png,B,"The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,Real polarized optical microscopy of a mixture of reactive thermotropic liquid crystal mesogens phase separating from a mixture of reactive monomers of a hydrogel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,vith,2024_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_1.png,C,"‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.txt,vitg,25_7.txt,"‘Support bubbles’, inspired by the Review on p474.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_5.txt,clip,24_5.txt,"‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,ave_0,24_9.txt,train
Med,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_7.png,C,"On the cover: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in biomedical
research, showcasing its transformative potential in driving innovation within drug
development. In this issue of Med, Zhang et al. review the significant advancements in AI-assisted drug development, focusing on
small molecules, RNA, and antibodies. The review highlights the challenge in obtaining
approval for AI-conceived drugs and proposes leveraging large language models and
diffusion models as solutions. The cover image captures two AI robots analyzing AI-generated
drugs in a clinical environment, symbolizing AI's transformative impact on drug discovery,
development, and clinical trials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_4.txt,vith,5_4.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/33_1.png,C,"On the cover: In celebration of the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe, this issue features “Voices” from 10 leading experts in their field as they reflect
on the journal's journey over the past decade. We also bring to you 10 Reviews and
Perspectives from leading authors that highlight broad themes in host-microbe biology.
The cover image illustrates the many microbes and hosts that are highlighted in these
Reviews and Perspectives and in fields that the journal has been proud to publish
in over the past 10 years. The cover image was generated by Sean Kilian and contributed
by Julia Vorholt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/22_5.txt,clip,22_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,ave_2,32_5.txt,train
Joule,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/9_1.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module
(f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability
of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL
effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property,
greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables
a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit
: Da Seul Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_8.txt,vitg,8_8.txt,"On the Cover: An artistic depiction of an array of solar-powered lithium extraction
devices floating upon the sea. Described in a Future Energy article in this issue
of Joule, Zhou, He, et al. (pp. 1648–1651) conceive and demonstrate an electrolysis
method that extracts lithium metal directly from seawater and is faster and more controllable
than adsorption and dialysis-based methods. Cover art by Sixie Yang and Ping He.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_4.txt,ave_1,2_4.txt,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.png,A,"Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.txt,groundtruth,1_3.txt,"High-resolution satellite sensors and artificial intelligence enable detailed tree monitoring at national and continental levels. The illustration depicts the results of the image processing of the data collected through tree mapping. See Brandt et al.
Image: Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure. Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,val
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/43_1.png,B,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,ave_1,34_10.txt,"Citizen science improves microbial phylogeny
To crowdsource the alignment of 1 million RNA sequences from the human microbiome, Sarrazin-Gendron et al. created a minigame integrated within a popular commercial video game. More than 4 million participants contributed to improving a multiple sequence alignment for microbial phylogeny estimations and association.
See Sarrazin-Gendron et al.
Image: The Gearbox Entertainment Company. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,clip,29_10.txt,"Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 25th anniversary
Nature Biotechnology celebrates 25 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business.
See Editorial
Image: Peter Crowther. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_10.txt,vitg,39_10.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_8.png,A,"Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer
therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies
is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards
eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different
parts
of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights
of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination
strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in
   Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in
the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit:
Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_8.txt,groundtruth,45_8.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,vitg,40_10.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_12.png,D,"Spin–orbit coupling can be leveraged to enable new functional properties in oxide materials, in particular for spintronics applications. The cover image is an artistic impression of spin-charge conversion in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas. See Felix Trier et al.
Image: Diogo C. Vaz. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_9.txt,ave_2,7_9.txt,"2D materials exhibit diverse properties and can be integrated in heterostructures: this makes them ideal platforms for quantum information science. This Review surveys recent progress and identifies future opportunities for 2D materials as quantum-dot qubits, single-photon emitters, superconducting qubits and topological quantum computing elements. See Liu & Hersam.
Cover Image: Xiaolong Liu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_3.txt,vitg,4_3.txt,"Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is highly sought after for mid-IR nanophotonics, nonlinear and quantum optics, and as an efficient UV emitter. This Review surveys the synthesis, physical properties and applications of hBN.
Cover Design: Trong Toan Tran",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_5.txt,clip,4_5.txt,"Broken symmetries at the nanoscale can greatly modify the emergent nanophotonic responses enabled by phonon polaritons, and lowering the degree of symmetry in natural and artificial materials gives rise to a wide spectrum of low-loss, directional, confined light–matter quasiparticles. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of extreme light confinement in low-symmetry crystals. See Galiffi E. et al.
Cover image: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_12.txt,groundtruth,9_12.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_40,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_40.png,D,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,"In a whimsical journey through microchannel landscapes, our study delves into electroosmotic micromixing adventures. Navigating serpentine twists, we discover that strategically placed chemical patches induce counter-rotating vortices, enhancing mixing efficiency. Positive and negative ζ-potentials choreograph flow, offering a vibrant canvas for controlled microfluidic exploration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_40.txt,groundtruth,2024_40.txt,test
Nature Cell Biology,26_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.png,C,"Stem cells
Generating human knock-in organoids
See Artegiani et al. and News & Views by Liberali.
Image: Benedetta Artegiani and Delilah Hendriks, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,"Organelles
Isolating intact mitochondria from specific cells shows that the Caenorhabditis elegans germline propagates deleterious mitochondrial genomes.
See Ahier et al.
Image: Nick Valmas and Steven Zuryn, University of Queensland. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_10.txt,clip,20_10.txt,"Multi-organelle units
OrgaPlexing — an imaging pipeline to map metabolic organelles and their interactions — reveals changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and lipid droplet dynamics that affect macrophage inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis.
See Zimmermann et al. and News & Views by Kleele
Image: Julia Zimmermann and Angelika Rambold, ""Organelle-Networks Immunology” Lab, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.txt,groundtruth,26_5.txt,"Organelles
ER–mitochondrial contacts sustain bioenergetics
See Carreras-Sureda et al. and News & Views by Graier
Image: Felipe G. Serrano, scientific designer (www.illustrative-science.com). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/21_7.txt,vitg,21_7.txt,val
Current Biology,35_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_3.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Roelants et al. (pages 125–130) use transcriptome data
and phylogenetic analyses to demonstrate that caerulein, a clinically important peptide
secreted by the skins of various frogs, evolved at least twice independently, and
from different ancestral hormones. Parallel evolution of identical gene products in
anciently duplicated genes represents a novel evolutionary mechanism through which
recurrent functional innovations are attained across large phylogenetic distances.
The cover shows the tree frog Litoria caerulea, the species in which caerulein was discovered, and after which the peptide was named.
Photo by Bert Willaert.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_23.txt,clip,20_23.txt,"On the cover: Fischer, Roland et al. (pages 4145–4151) demonstrate that the convergent
evolution of maternal care in South American and Malagasy poison frogs facilitates
toxin provisioning and relies on similar brain regions but different neuronal mechanisms.
The cover image shows the Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica). In this species, mothers provide their altricial tadpoles with unfertilized eggs
for nutrition and chemical defense. Image by Elicio E. Tapia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_2.txt,vitg,29_2.txt,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_1.txt,vith,35_1.txt,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_3.txt,groundtruth,35_3.txt,train
Joule,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_10.png,D,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents putting the “pieces” together of renewable
building blocks from biomass with reclaimed PET (rPET) to synthesize fiberglass-reinforced
plastics (FRPs) that can be used in high-value materials applications such as in wind
turbine blades. In this issue of Joule, Rorrer et al. (1006–1027) demonstrate that rPET can be deconstructed and subsequently
combined with monomers obtainable from biomass. The resulting FRPs exhibit superior
mechanical properties compared to the petroleum-based incumbent while using significantly
less energy in their manufacture on a per dollar basis when compared to typical-FRP
manufacture and chemical bottle-to-bottle recycling. Cover art by Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_9.txt,ave_2,3_9.txt,"On the cover: This graphic illustrates the advantages of luminescent solar concentrators,
particularly their flexibility and ability to alter the solar spectrum. The work by
Baikie et al. outlines their real-world potential and identifies the niches in which they may outperform
conventional solar cells. Cover credit: Tomi K. Baikie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_1.png,C,"Clonal heterogeneity in multiple myeloma requires effective therapies, a topic discussed in the Review on p71.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_11.txt,clip,18_11.txt,"Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"Protein degraders enter the clinic, inspired by the Review on p265.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_9.txt,vitg,20_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.png,D,"Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,vith,1_5.txt,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_8.png,B,"On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry
mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic
process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et
al., 658–671.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_7.txt,clip,30_7.txt,"On the cover: Chen et al. identified a small molecule, C646, that directly targets the nuclear export factor,
Exportin-1 (XPO1), and induces its degradation. Furthermore, the chromatin localization
of histone methyltransferase p300 is also abrogated, explaining why C646 previously
showed phenotypes expected of p300 inhibition. Covalently targeting XPO1 represents
a unique approach to disrupting the chromatin localization of numerous factors (multi-colored
complex on top right), including XPO1 and p300. Image credit: Ella Maru Studios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_8.txt,groundtruth,31_8.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_1,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_13.png,A,"Inspired by the movie Interstellar, we illustrate the spatially resolved adsorption loading surface of carbon dioxide in a porous material as the projection of a five-dimensional space (x, y, z, T, p) with infinite cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"The cover art features a snapshot of trifold hydrogen-bonded supramolecular fibers modeled by a coarse-grained force-field. Although they are stable experimentally, during simulation, they rearrange into unordered aggregates. In their article, Piskorz et al. investigate how the choice of the force-field affects the stability and self-assembly process of these fibers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_12.txt,ave_1,2022_12.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,vith,2020_8.txt,val
Nature Chemistry,16_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_8.png,B,"A squaraine rotaxane that can undergo reversible photochemical oxidation acts as a light 'store' and can be used for optical imaging (shown conceptually on the cover). Smith and co-workers show that irradiation of the parent rotaxane with red light in the presence of oxygen generates an endoperoxide that is stable at low temperature. When warmed to body temperature, the reverse reaction occurs spontaneously, producing singlet oxygen and a photon of near-infrared light.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry, based on an original image by Aleksandr Bosoy (Northwestern University).
Article p1025",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"Monitoring the structural dynamics of MOF crystals
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is a powerful technique for monitoring structural transformations in crystalline samples, but its use has so far been limited to the study of biological systems. Now, Ihee and co-workers have shown that this technique can be applied to synthetic materials. Specifically, they collected time-resolved SFX data to visualize light-initiated structural dynamics in metal–organic framework single crystals at the atomic level. The cover shows an artistic representation of the metal–organic framework being irradiated by the laser during a serial crystallography measurement.
See Ihee et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_8.txt,groundtruth,16_8.txt,"The cover image shows an artistic impression of large single crystals comprising covalent organic networks. A team led by James Wuest made these materials through the reversible polymerization of organic monomers bearing four tetrahedrally oriented nitroso groups and characterized them using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Such a modular construction is typically used to build monocrystalline materials held together by non-covalentbonding interactions, but is now also shown to work for covalently bonded analogues.
Article p830; News & Views p810
IMAGE: SOPHIE DUBOIS ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE LAB (ORIGINAL PAINTING: ACRYLIC ON CANVAS, 2012).
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"The cover image shows an artistic impression of the flow of energy in the wake of the solution-phase bimolecular reaction between cyclohexane and the cyano radical. This reaction was studied by David Glowacki, Jeremy Harvey and co-workers using molecular dynamics simulations to model the vibrational relaxation of the products. The more intense colours indicate fast energy exchange within the radical co-product solvent shell, whereas less intense colours indicate slower energy flow once the products have diffused away from one another within the solvent.Article p850IMAGE: BECCA ROSE AND DAVID GLOWACKICOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/3_2.txt,vitg,3_2.txt,val
Nature Microbiology,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/10_1.png,B,"Making an entrance
Toxoplasma gondii infection and lysis of endothelial cells in the brain vasculature is a new route of access to the central nervous system.
See Konradt et al. 1, 16001 (2016)
Image: Christoph Konradt  Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"Shigella invades via host filopodia
: Human enteric defensin 5 (HD5), by interacting with colonic epithelial receptor P2Y11, induces rapid formation of filopodial extensions that capture Shigella, a major human enteroinvasive pathogen that is able to exploit these filopodia for invasion, revealing a mechanism for HD5-facilitated bacterial invasion. GFP-expressing Shigella are cyan, actin filaments are red and nuclei are blue (DAPI).
See Xu et al.
Image: Dan Xu, Xi'an Jiaotong University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,"Going straight
Growth of Escherichia coli in curved micro-channels that forced them to grow to a deformed shape, followed by release to allow a return to native form suggests that E. coli utilize mechanical stresses as cues for shape recovery.
See Wong, F, et al. 2, 17115 (2017)
Image: Equinox Graphics,Cover Design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/2_4.txt,clip,2_4.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_6.png,B,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"Emulating natural photosynthesis, artificial leaves constructed with semiconductor photoelectrodes harness solar energy to convert water, carbon dioxide, etc. into valuable fuels/chemicals. This Account describes recent advancements in silicon-based photoelectrodes, emphasizing innovative design and integration solutions for practical artificial photosynthesis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,test
Science Translational Medicine,17_784,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_784.png,D,"ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_757.txt,clip,16_757.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Breath of Fresh Air. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of pulmonary blood vessels from a mouse after surgical lung resection. A potential consequence of lung transplantation or injury is impaired regeneration of lung vasculature and intussusceptive angiogenesis, or split blood vessels. To promote regeneration over fibrotic injury, Ma et al. used a pneumonectomy mouse model of lung injury where a portion of the lung was removed. The authors found that genetically silencing Ras homolog family member J (Rhoj), which is expressed by a subset of endothelial cells, could improve lung function and decrease the number of split blood vessels. They linked the improvement to mRNA modification of the Forkhead box protein O1 gene transcript in endothelial cells. This approach also improved lung function in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis model. These data suggest that targeting endothelial Rhoj could be a new avenue for treating lung injury. Credit: Ma et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_762.txt,vitg,16_762.txt,"ONLINE COVER Animation of human lungs breathing in a 37� chamber. Lungs removed from donors for transplantation are often damaged but can be treated in the controlled environment of this transparent dome to improve their health. Gene therapy with interleukin-10 increases the chances that the lungs can be successfully transplanted into a recipient. See Cypel et al. in this issue. [Credit: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/1_4.txt,vith,1_4.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Bacteria Behind Lung Rejection. The cover illustration shows two transplanted lungs, one healthy and tolerated by the recipient (left), the other infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (light orange), leading to formation of donor-specific antibodies (blue) and antibody-mediated rejection (right), ultimately resulting in lung allograft failure. Liao et al. showed that P. aeruginosa infection was associated with increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection in a small retrospective study of lung transplant recipients and elucidated the mechanism by which P. aeruginosa induced antibody-mediated rejection in mouse orthotopic lung transplant models. A Focus by Guerrero-Fonseca and Yipp explains how this work challenges the conventional view of the development of antibody-mediated rejection and highlights further implications for the clinic. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_784.txt,groundtruth,17_784.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/7_1.png,A,"Multifaceted myokines
Two concurrent studies highlight the dual role of feimin, a feeding-induced myokine, in regulating glucose homeostasis as well as physical performance during exercise. The image depicts staining of fibre types in the soleus muscle.
See Shi, X., Hu, X., Fang, X. et al. and Peng, Y., Jia, L. et al.
Image: Ying Peng. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Vascular nutrient acquisition signals
Ong et al. demonstrate how YAP/TAZ and mTORC1 signalling intersect in endothelial cells to regulate nutrient acquisition and vascular growth. The cover depicts a mouse retina, labelled for PECAM (cyan), VE-cadherin (grey) and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (red), indicating high mTORC1 signalling in angiogenic endothelial cells of the growing vascular network.
See Ong et al.
Image: Dr. Marco Castro, Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"Roles of muscle phospholipids in systemic metabolism
Here, the authors show that phospholipids influence whole-body metabolic rate and counteract obesity by altering calcium signalling and inducing energy expenditure in muscle.
See Verkerke et al.
Image: Katsuhiko Funai, University of Utah. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_4.txt,vith,1_4.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_2.png,B,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,"The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,ave_1,2018_12.txt,"The cover depicts a flexible and versatile DNA assembly strategy. Combining the automation friendly ligase cycling reaction method and the high fidelity in vivo yeast-based DNA assembly method, DNA assembler, allows for rapid, modular and massive construction of biological pathways and circuits from basic genetic parts. Artwork by Yongbo Yuan based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00117.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_12.txt,ave_2,2016_12.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/8_1.png,C,"Tropical forest carbon loss
Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss.
See Feng et al.
Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_8.txt,clip,5_8.txt,"Land use for net zero
A rethinking of the agricultural sector is now critical for many countries to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. In Ireland, Duffy et al. find that a reduction in meat and dairy production alongside smart land management can pave the way to achieving this goal. However, maintaining carbon neutrality beyond 2050 may prove more challenging.
See Duffy et al.
Image: adrian davies / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_2.txt,vith,5_2.txt,"Sustainable rice farming in South Asia
The overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of rice can have detrimental environmental effects. With a large dataset from more than 31,000 farmer fields in South Asia, Coggins and colleagues identify pathways optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in rice cropping systems across the region.
See Coggins et al.
Image: Arunabh Bhattacharjee / Alamy Stock. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Food and energy co-production
Scaling up use of renewable energy technologies can be limited by alternative land uses. Agrawal and colleagues propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming, pictured, and show with modelling how agricultural land can be shared sustainably for food and energy co-production.
See Miskin et al.
Image: Rakesh Agrawal. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_16.png,D,"Cannabis alleviates pain by potentiating glycine receptors at a lipid-facing binding site. The cover depicts one of the screened FDA-approved drugs producing even greater potentiation at the same site. (Wells, M. M.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 2958–2966) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2015_15.txt,clip,2015_15.txt,"Chemically modified RNA molecules as potential therapeutics for various human diseases. Cover image designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2022_7.txt,vith,2022_7.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,ave_1,2018_2.txt,"Semaglutide is a highly effective drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity. A hydrophobic fatty acid side chain in semaglutide makes the peptide sparingly soluble and its handling, multi-step synthesis, and purification difficult. Here, we replaced the fatty acid with an oligosaccharide, and the resulting glycosylated analogue is soluble, high-yielding, and biologically active. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_3.png,A,"The musicians of Bremen, by unifying their forces through teamwork,
were able to accomplish something that none of them could have done alone: they
performed a strange concert to counteract the attack of bandits. In this issue, Costanzo
et al. show that the same is true for CSA and CSB, which, by cooperating with other
proteins in a ubiquitination complex, can accomplish and orchestrate functions
pivotal for various molecular mechanisms, such as DNA repair, gene expression, and
cell division. Cover design by Elena Paccosi & Luca Proietti De Santis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_3.txt,groundtruth,34_3.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_7.txt,ave_1,26_7.txt,"The cell cycle is a tightly regulated set of events that culminates in cell growth
and division into two daughter cells. This special issue highlights recent findings
that are revealing new regulatory mechanisms controlling the cell cycle as well as
its links to development and disease, spindle and chromosome dynamics, and specialized
cell cycle states such as quiescence. The cover depicts the emerging relationship
between cell cycle state and cell invasion as highlighted in this issue by Kohrman
and Matus (pages 12–25). Image designed by Travis Hill.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_3.png,D,"An elemental nonlinear Hall effect
Thin films of the element bismuth — an environmentally friendly and scalable material — can exhibit a tunable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect, which could be of use in the development of optoelectronic devices. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a bismuth Hall cross device, which is used to explore magnetotransport and the nonlinear Hall effect in the polycrystalline thin films.
See Makushko et al. and News & Views by Belosevich et al.
Image: © HZDR. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_10.txt,vith,7_10.txt,"Nanotube transistors get up to speed
High-speed transistors that are based on arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes could potentially be scaled for operation in millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a six-finger nanotube transistor that is fabricated on a silicon wafer and can be used to build a radiofrequency amplifier.
See Shi et al.
Image: Lian-Mao Peng, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_7.txt,ave_1,4_7.txt,"Two-dimensional materials go analogue
Operational amplifiers can be fabricated from two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors and used to create analogue feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a chip containing these operational amplifiers (each with a footprint of around 0.04 mm2), as well as test transistors.
See Polyushkin et al.
Image: Thomas Mueller. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_5.txt,clip,3_5.txt,"Two-dimensional devices stack up
Graphene chemisensors and molybdenum disulfide memtransistors can be vertically stacked using a monolithic integration process to create near-sensor computing chips. The false-colour scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a two-tier cell containing two graphene chemitransistors located above two molybdenum disulfide memtransistors.
See Ghosh et al. and News & Views by Han et al.
Image: Saptarshi Das, Subir Ghosh, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_7.png,C,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,"Visualization of functional connectivity in the human cerebral cortex based on magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain image by Joachim Böttger and Daniel Margulies (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany) with compositing by Tobias S. Hoffmann. Cover composition by Erin Dewalt. Focus p479",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/10_7.txt,vith,10_7.txt,"Mapping white matter in chimpanzee
Transverse view of a whole-brain tract-density reconstruction of white matter pathways in the chimpanzee brain. Color indicates tissue orientation and brightness encodes density of reconstructed fiber streamlines.
See Eichner et al.
Image: Cornelius Eichner, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,"High-speed two-photon microscopy
Reverberation microscopy image of in vivo mouse brain vasculature. Multiple independent planes at different depths are imaged simultaneously.
See Beaulieu et al.
Image: Devin R. Beaulieu. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/17_10.txt,clip,17_10.txt,val
Current Biology,34_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_17.png,D,"On the cover: Images of Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin), Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt), and Urechis caupo (innkeeper worm) meiotic and mitotic embryos stained for tubulin (orange) and DNA
(cyan). Cell size and shape vary across species and within multicellular organisms,
which correlates with changes in spindle size and shape to accomplish accurate division.
In their “spindle zoo” paper, Crowder et al. (pages 1542–1550) analyze mitotic and
meiotic spindles from a variety of animal species. They report that mitotic spindle
length scaling to cell size is conserved during early embryogenesis across metazoans
within a shared range of cell sizes, which is not observed for female meiotic spindles
across species. These findings highlight the similarities and differences between
spindle types within an organism and across animal species. Images by Marina E. Crowder.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_14.txt,clip,25_14.txt,"On the cover: In the life cycle of a moon jelly (Aurelia aurita), a polyp transforms into a cone-like stack of tiny jellyfishes that later on detach
from each other and start an independent planktonic life. In this issue, Fuchs, Wang,
and colleagues (pages 263–273) describe the molecular machinery that controls this
seasonal polyp-to-jellyfish transition. Image by Friederike Anton-Erxleben.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/24_22.txt,ave_3,24_22.txt,"On the cover: A young colony of the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. This animal, a close relative of jellyfish and corals, starts its post-embryonic
life as a motile larva. During metamorphosis, it transforms into a sessile individual
that grows clonally forming colonies. Members of the colony are genetically identical,
sharing a gastrovascular space and a nervous system. Hydractinia is highly regenerative. It does not display age-related deterioration, nor does it
develop cancer. Using single-cell transplantation, Varley et al. (pages 1883–1892)
show that Hydractinia adult stem cells—known as i-cells—are pluripotent. A single i-cell can generate all
somatic lineages and gametes. Image credit: Patricia Calcagno.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_15.txt,vitg,33_15.txt,"On the cover: Corynactis californica is a corallimorph—which are the closest living relatives of stony corals—that lives
in the cold waters of the Northeast Pacific. In this issue, Trznadel et al. show that Corynactis and many other anthozoans from this cold environment harbor
corallicolids, apicomplexan parasites that commonly infect corals and were previously
thought to be restricted to tropical coral reef ecosystems. Image by Patrick Keeling.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_17.txt,groundtruth,34_17.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.png,A,"Peanut global phenotypic variation
Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of Arachis accessions sheds light on peanut evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Nastasic/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.txt,groundtruth,56_4.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,ave_3,56_7.txt,"Genome of Mendel’s peas
The genome sequence of the pea Pisum sativum, the original model used by Johan Gregor Mendel to determine his law of inheritance, links the dawn of the genetics field to the modern sequencing era.
See Kreplak et al.
Image: Artwork by Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/51_4.txt,clip,51_4.txt,val
BDJ In Practice,37_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_12.png,D,"In this issue...
In March's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at the workforce and recruitment sector - the very foundations of the dental profession
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_10.txt,vith,35_10.txt,"In this issue...
Skill mix. What is it? How do we define it? What does success look like? How can you achieve success? Is it possible within the framework of the dental profession as we find it today?

This month's cover feature asks those questions - and more
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_5.txt,vitg,36_5.txt,"In this issue...
There's increasing chatter about the wider and fully integrated role of digital within the profession, and that includes the use of AI. So our cover feature looks at how it can be incorporated into everyday practice
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_6.txt,clip,35_6.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 1 | January
In this issue we forecast developments in four areas of dentistry, take a closer look at how a life coach is relevant to dentistry and delve into the detail of England's Long Term Workforce Plan
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_12.txt,groundtruth,37_12.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_6.png,C,"The cover figure depicts the bifunctional nature of a cyclodextrin-based neoglycoconjugate (compound 56 in the review), designed to be a forerunner of an ""intelligent"" drug delivery vehicle. The cyclodextrin torus (colored green) is capable of complexing drug molecules, which can be directed to a specific biological target by its carbohydrate antenna (colored purple). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2001_2.txt,ave_2,2001_2.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,"A norbornene-containing analogue of farnesyl diphosphate increases the utility of prenyltransferase-catalyzed protein labeling. In one application, a unique subset of prenylated proteins was observed via proteomics. In another",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_7.png,B,"Nature Immunology was launched 10 years ago this month. To commemorate our 10th anniversary, we asked several prominent scientists to imagine what the next decade of research might bring in particular areas of immunology (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/tenthbirthday/index.html). Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/11_6.txt,ave_2,11_6.txt,"Bridging the affinity gap in the germinal center
In this issue, Ray et al. preclinically validate new immunogens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitope on the HIV envelope protein, and demonstrate that germinal center kinetics are driven by affinity gaps between bnAb precursors and competing B cells over time. On the cover, using a retro National Parks postcard style, the affinity gap is portrayed as a canyon, with sturdier or more treacherous bridges for B cells to ‘cross’ via affinity maturation from high-to-high or low-to-high affinity.
See Ray et al.
Image: Christina Corbaci and Lars Hangartner. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_1,6_6.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,val
Caner Cell,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/43_2.png,B,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_1.png,D,"Pinniped population genomics
A mixed breeding colony of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on San Miguel Island, California.
See Peart et al.
Image: Fritz Trillmich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_5.txt,ave_2,4_5.txt,"One-way flow
Polar bears diverged from brown bears roughly 500,000 years ago. However, analyses of a >100,000-year-old polar bear palaeogenome reveal that, as habitats shifted during the ice ages, the two species interbred. Today, although all brown bears exhibit ancestry from admixture with polar bears during the last interglacial period, polar bears do not retain brown bear ancestry.
See Wang, M.-S. et al
Image: Jenny E. Ross. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/6_6.txt,clip,6_6.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"Extreme bottlenecks
In the 19th century, commercial hunters nearly drove the northern elephant seal to extinction. A combination of population genetics, veterinary pathology data, demographic modelling, whole-genome resequencing and genetic simulations suggests that this extreme population bottleneck probably purged much of this species’ genetic load, affecting post-bottleneck population dynamics and contemporary fitness variation.
See Joseph I. Hoffman et al.
Image: Martin Stoffel, Turing Institute, UK. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_6.png,D,98,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/1987_13.txt,vitg,1987_13.txt,ptamer,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_37.txt,clip,2024_37.txt,", wherein we substitute the target-specific antibody with designer DNA nanostructure-based molecular probes for recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus via multivalent, pattern-matching interactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_45.txt,vith,2024_45.txt,"The inclusive droplet digital ELISA (iddELISA) expands the boundaries of digital immunoassays by incorporating all types of bead encapsulations into the analysis, enhancing assay efficiency, and simplifying operations. This innovative approach holds great promise for the early detection of low-abundance biomarkers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2025_2.png,B,"The cover depicts magnetic couplings between redox-active transition metal centers in typical intercalation-type battery electrodes, which lead to characteristic electron spin and magnetic properties. Such properties can be probed as the battery operates using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetometry and provide insight into the crystal and electronic structure, composition, defect chemistry, and working principles of rechargeable batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_1.txt,clip,2020_1.txt,in situ,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in both photovoltaic and light-emission applications. The cover art shows the perovskite crystal structure capable of strongly absorbing light to generate electrical power as a solar cell or efficiently generating light emission from electrical power as a light-emitting device. There are still a number of losses in these materials that particularly limit the light-emission processes. Eliminating these loss pathways will lead to photovoltaic and light-emission devices approaching their efficiency limits. Credit: Dr. Matthew T. Klug.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_6.txt,ave_2,2017_6.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_7.png,D,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_12.txt,vith,40_12.txt,"On the cover: Liu et al. reveal the evolutionary dynamics and tumor-immune interplay in acral melanoma (AM).
The cover metaphorically represents the progression from AM in situ (AMis) to invasive AM (iAM). AMis tumors (grapes near vines) are homogeneous (green),
and iAM close to them are also green, indicating monoclonal dissemination. During
vertical invasion, some grapes change in shape and color, representing increased heterogeneity.
These abnormal tumors (purple grapes) are more invasive, and APOE+CD163+ macrophages
(birds) are attracted to promote tumor invasion. Image credit: Hengkang Liu and Ruidong
Xue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.png,D,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Peanut global phenotypic variation
Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of Arachis accessions sheds light on peanut evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Nastasic/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.txt,clip,56_4.txt,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,ave_2,55_7.txt,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,groundtruth,56_7.txt,val
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_11.png,C,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,"Ordered water molecules in respiratory complex I
A cryo-EM structure of Y. lipolitica mitochondrial complex I reveals ordered water molecules involved in proton relay and catalysis.
See Article by Grba and Hirst
Cover Image: Laszlo Podor / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_3.txt,ave_1,27_3.txt,"Understanding writers and readers of ubiquitylation
In this issue, we feature seven studies that progress our understanding of writers and readers of ubiquitylation, in addition to a Historical Perspective and several Comment pieces reflecting on the ever-expanding roles of this critical modification.
See Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Linda Marie Caldwell / iStock / Getty Images Plus. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"Targeting a SARS-CoV-2 pseudoknot
A cryo-EM structure of the pseudoknot-forming SARS-CoV-2 frameshift stimulation element guides development of antisense oligonucleotides that impair virus replication.
SeeZhang et al.
Image:Filip Obr / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_4.txt,clip,28_4.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,41_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/41_3.png,C,"Transposable elements comprise a large part of the genome in most organisms. At first
thought to serve no beneficial purpose to the host and considered “junk” DNA, recent
work has shown these elements to be important players in shaping the genome, often
providing benefit to the host. This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics is composed of several articles highlighting the progress that has been made in recent
years in the study of these mobile genetic elements. The cover image shows a cartoon
depicting the rise of transposable elements from their original “junk” status. Image
courtesy of Alper Uzun, PhD, www.biocomicals.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/33_3.txt,ave_2,33_3.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_3.txt,groundtruth,41_3.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,train
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.png,A,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,vith,2017_9.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,clip,2017_4.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_33,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_33.png,C,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,The cover sketches the challenge of integrating multiple scales into a process model and how this can be performed with compartment models. These compartment models are applied to an industrial rotary dryer shown in the figures and the background.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_33.txt,groundtruth,2024_33.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_13.png,B,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,clip,2010_11.txt,"Schematic representation of a four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy experiment, where the electron beam (in green) scans across a block copolymer sample (in black/white) recording diffraction patterns (below) that reveal the orientation (rainbow colors) of the semicrystalline crystalline structure (shown top left as the atomic structure).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,ave_2,2012_7.txt,test
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_8.txt,clip,17_8.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,"In our January issue: articles on myofibroblasts in fibrotic diseases, drug repurposing in patients with rheumatic diseases, and behavioural economics in rheumatology.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_12.txt,vith,16_12.txt,train
Science,387_6732,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6732.png,A,"COVER A breeding ruff male (Calidris pugnax) in alert posture scans the breeding area for mating opportunities at Liminka Bay, Finland. Ruff males deploy one of three mating tactics that differ in aggressive and courtship behaviors. Differences in aggression between tactics are tied to concentrations of circulating androgens, which are modulated by the actions of a single gene. See pages 358 and 406.
Photo: Jari Peltomäki/Finnature",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6732.txt,groundtruth,387_6732.txt,"COVER Whiskers at the snout are instrumental for the rat to explore the external world. During development, sensory information provided by the whiskers is critical for the formation of their representation in the brain. Minlebaev et al. show how this process is controlled by gamma oscillations in developing neuronal networks. See P. 226. Image: Henrik Sorensen/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/334_6053.txt,vitg,334_6053.txt,"COVER Science, like the rest of society, has been swept up in the storms caused by social media. This special news section looks at how scientists study and fight mis- and disinformation, how harassment and intimidation have spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how researchers use Twitter to inform the public and share their findings with colleagues. See page 1332. 
Illustration: Davide Bonazzi/Salzmanart",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/375_6587.txt,clip,375_6587.txt,"COVER In early 2020, governments worldwide introduced lockdowns to curb the spread of COVID-19. These lockdowns severely altered human mobility, with many people confined to their homes. In response, animals such as the coyote (Canis latrans) traveled longer distances and occurred closer to roads. These changes suggest that animals can modify their behavior in response to rapid changes in human mobility. See pages 1008 and 1059.
Photo: Shannon Stapleton/Reuters",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/380_6649.txt,vith,380_6649.txt,train
Med,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_9.png,B,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 immunotherapy drug, shows promise in treating
a range of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,
and Hodgkin lymphoma. In a phase 2 clinical trial, Pan et al. demonstrated the safety and feasibility of pre-operative camrelizumab with microwave
ablation for treating early breast cancer. The combined therapy enhanced the cytotoxic
and effector memory functions of peripheral CD8+ T cells. The treatment also activated MHC class I and interferon signaling pathways
in monocytes, suggesting their contribution to the improved CD8+ T cell activity. Cover credit: JUAN GARTNER/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,ave_1,4_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wu et al. investigate the role of dendritic cells (DCs)
within the tumor immune microenvironment and their impact on immunotherapy outcomes
in patients. Using data from clinical trials and mouse models, they identify a specific
functional DC state characterized by CCL19 expression that can augment the antitumor
activity of CD8+ T cells and is associated with favorable immunotherapy responses.
Intratumoral and circulating CCL19 levels may be used as a marker to predict immunotherapy
efficacy. On the cover, DCs (in pink) within the tumor microenvironment produce CCL19,
which acts on CD8+ T cells (in blue) to enhance their antitumor effectiveness. Cover
art: Sonhita Chakrabarty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_7.txt,clip,4_7.txt,train
Current Biology,34_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_2.png,A,"On the cover: A group of yellow-billed long-tailed finches (Poephila acuticauda) perch on a tree branch. In this issue, Hooper et al. demonstrate the role of selection in the evolution of bill coloration, a carotenoid-based
color trait that distinguishes a pair of hybridizing subspecies. Yellow alleles, like
the ones carried by the birds in this image, regulate the oxidative ketolation reaction
required by vertebrates to metabolize red carotenoid pigments from dietary precursors.
Adaptive introgression of these derived and largely recessive yellow alleles is ongoing
and suggests that the frequent evolutionary transitions between carotenoid color states
observed in nature may have a simple genetic basis. Photograph © Col Roberts; used
with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_2.txt,groundtruth,34_2.txt,"On the cover: Red factor and yellow canaries. Many species of birds in nature can
biochemically modify yellow dietary carotenoids to red ketocarotenoids to produce
red coloration of bills and feathers. In this issue, Lopes et al. (pages 1427–1434)
and Mundy et al. (pages 1435–1440) independently dissect the genetic basis of red
coloration in the canary and zebra finch, respectively. Both groups identified a gene
encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYPJ19) that mediates this yellow-to-red conversion in birds. Lopes et al. further identified
a second genomic region that is required for the production of red coloration in feathers
and that localizes to a cluster of genes involved in development of the integument.
These findings have important implications for studies of sexual selection, speciation,
and social signaling in birds. Photo credit: Rebecca Koch; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_14.txt,clip,26_14.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Drury et al. deploy a new modeling approach and show that the availability of open niches influences
the pace of phenotypic evolution across all birds. This image shows a little bee-eater
(Merops pusillus), an African invertivore (one of the groups with a particularly strong response to
changing niche availability). Photo by Jonathan Drury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_22.txt,vith,34_22.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_6.png,D,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"Blood pressure variability, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_3.txt,vith,19_3.txt,"Cardiovascular involvement in long COVID, inspired by the Review on p314.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_8.txt,vitg,19_8.txt,"Immune checkpoints, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_3.png,B,"Scanning near-field optical microscopy reveals the structure of plasmon sheet and edge modes in graphene disk and rectangular nanoresonators.
Letter p239
IMAGE: ELLA MARUSHCHENKO
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_9.txt,ave_1,10_9.txt,"Fluorescence-lifetime image scanning microscopy
Integrating a single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) array into a confocal laser scanning microscope yields a twofold increase in the localization accuracy for single-molecule localization microscopy. The cover shows an artistic impression of the SPAD array detector with microlenses, where the two disks/shaded Gaussians depict the emission of two different fluorescent molecules hitting the detector array.
See Radmacher et al.
Image: Alexey Chizhik. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_3.txt,groundtruth,18_3.txt,"The onset of turbulence and coherence loss in fibre laser radiation is studied and found to originate from the clustering of solitons.Letter p783News & Views p767Interview p840IMAGE: ARTEM OVCHARENKO, TURITSYNA ET AL.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/7_3.txt,clip,7_3.txt,"The advent of super-resolution imaging schemes that allow optical imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light is revolutionizing sample analysis in the biological and physical sciences. This issue features a special focus on the topic.
Cover design by Stefan Hell.
Progress article by Stefan W. Hell  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/3_6.txt,vitg,3_6.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_377,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_377.png,D,"ONLINE COVERThis week, Caratti et al. report that, in the absence of activating ligands, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) associates with complexes containing RAS and inhibits RAS activation. The image shows HEK293T cells expressing mCherry-tagged KRAS (red) and EGFP-tagged GR (green). Nuclei are stained blue. Image: Caratti et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_726.txt,ave_1,15_726.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes a method for identifying active signaling pathways in cancer tissue samples and shows that this information may enable more effective treatment. The image shows the signal produced by proximity ligation assay for the interaction of EGFR and GRB2 (red), cytokeratin (green), and nuclei (blue). [Image: Matthew A. Smith, Moffitt Cancer Center]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_359.txt,vitg,8_359.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Tóth et al. show that when the endocytosis of a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) is prevented, even partial agonists of the β-arrestin pathway become full agonists, suggesting that receptor localization plays a role in determining biased GPCR signaling. The image shows the fluorescent signal of β-arrestin2 in control (left) and stimulated (right) HEK 293A cells in which a GPCR was activated by two different agonists (top and bottom) with different efficacies in activating β-arrestin signaling.  Credit: Tóth et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_842.txt,clip,17_842.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on focal adhesions, protein complexes that link the cell interior to the extracellular matrix. The image illustrates a model of focal adhesion proteins functioning as a molecular clutch. [Image: Yu-Li Wang, University of Massachusetts Medical School]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_377.txt,groundtruth,2007_377.txt,train
Science Immunology,10_104,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/10_104.png,D,ONLINE COVER Boosting Locally Buffs Up Vaccine-Induced Immunity. This month’s cover shows an immunofluorescence image of a germinal center in a mouse lymph node 5 weeks after a priming immunization with influenza hemagglutinin. Primed B cells fate-mapped for AID expression (green) are present in the central area of a follicle of IgD-expressing B cells (red) near CD21/35-expressing follicular dendritic cells (blue). Kuraoka et al. observed more fate-mapped memory B cells in lymph node germinal centers when booster immunizations were given at the same tissue site as the original immunization rather than on the opposite side. Credit: Masayuki Kuraoka and Ryutaro Kotaki/Duke University,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_71.txt,vitg,7_71.txt,"ONLINE COVER Chemical Confinement of Germinal Center B Cells. This month's cover is an immunofluorescence image showing the spleen of a preimmunized mouse injected one day earlier with B cells (in green) expressing the human P2RY8 receptor. Gallman et al. observed that retention of the transferred B cells in germinal centers, defined by a network of follicular dendritic cells (in red), was maintained by a repulsive gradient of S-geranylgeranyl-ʟ-glutathione (GGG), a P2RY8 ligand exported from B cells in the outer follicle via the Abcc1 transporter protein. A Focus commentary by Stoler-Barak and Shulman explores how GGG gradients are established and maintained to enable germinal centers to support the affinity maturation of B cell–encoded immunoglobulins. [CREDIT: GALLMAN ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_60.txt,ave_1,6_60.txt,"ONLINE COVER Teaming Up to Defend. Depicted here are CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs, green), which resist infection by enveloped viruses (yellow spheres), and CD1c+ DCs (orange), which are susceptible to infection. Silvin et al. report that CD141+ DCs acquire viral antigen from infected CD1c+ DCs and prime antiviral T cell responses. [CREDIT: RENAUD CHABRIER, WWW.RENAUDCHABRIR.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_13.txt,clip,2_13.txt,"ONLINE COVER Immune Hotspots in Multiple Myeloma. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that develops in the bone marrow but can expand as breakout lesions into neighboring soft tissues as the disease progresses. Using single-cell and spatial multiomics, Lutz et al. compared the cellular composition of bone marrow–confined MM and breakout lesions in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Within breakout lesions, “immune islands” containing focal accumulation of immune cells served as sites for T cell clonal expansion and tumor genomic diversification. This month’s cover image, obtained using multiplexed imaging, shows an immune island within a breakout lesion from a patient with MM. Myeloid cells (yellow), NK cells (orange), and T cells (pink) surround vascular cells (green) and diffusely infiltrate areas dominated by plasma cells (blue). Credit: Johanna Wagner/German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and Niels Weinhold/Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/10_104.txt,groundtruth,10_104.txt,train
Current Biology,34_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_5.png,C,"On the cover: The early evolution of Cyanobacteria and oxygenic photosynthesis has
been difficult to retrace, partly because very few extant representatives are available
from Gloeobacteria, an isolated lineage that is sister to the rest of Cyanobacteria.
In this issue, Rahmatpour et al. (pages 2857–2867) isolate and describe a new and
deeply diverged species of Gloeobacteria, namedAnthocerotibacter panamensis, in pure culture. This new species exhibits a suite of unique morphological, physiological,
and genomic features, and thus holds the key to piecing together the major transitions
in Cyanobacteria evolution. The cover image shows a rendering of a group ofAnthocerotibacter rod-shaped cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_12.txt,ave_0,31_12.txt,"On the cover: Old oak branches laden with epiphytes in the coastal region of South
Carolina, USA. As primary producers, plants are the backbone of nearly all of Earth’s
ecosystems, forming a complex web of interactions with microbes, fungi, and animals—as
well as other plants. Because of their limited mobility, plants interact with other
organisms in peculiar ways. This special issue presents a wide-ranging set of reviews,
primers, quick guides, and essays that highlight the many ways in which plants interact
with those around them—from microbial symbionts to animal herbivores to human societies.
Image credit: Daniela Duncan/Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_14.txt,clip,33_14.txt,"On the cover: Common pond skaters (Gerris lacustris) on the surface of a river in the Lake District, UK. These predatory insects exploit
the high surface tension of water to skate across the water's surface, a process facilitated
by their long, hydrophobic legs and the distribution of their weight over a large
surface area, providing a clear example of how physical principles impact biology.
Our special issue on the collaboration between physics and biology brings together
reviews, essays, primers, and other formats to showcase the various ways in which
physical concepts and approaches have enhanced our understanding of the living world.
Photo: Ashley Cooper/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_5.txt,groundtruth,34_5.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_786,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_786.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Transforming Lung Cancer. The cover illustrates a lung adenocarcinoma cell (pink) transitioning to an intermediate state (purple) that can then transdifferentiate into a lung squamous cell carcinoma cell (red) or small cell lung carcinoma cell (blue). This issue of Science Translational Medicine features a Focus article by Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, the winner of the 2024 AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, which is given each year to a young scientist who has made important contributions to the field of cancer research. Credit: Fathema Z. Uddin",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_760.txt,ave_0,16_760.txt,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,"ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_757.txt,clip,16_757.txt,"ONLINE COVER Identity Crisis. The cover shows YFP (green), insulin (red, overlap with YFP in yellow), and a DNA counterstain (blue) in the pancreas of a 3-week-old mouse model of Wolfram syndrome (WS) lacking the Wfs1 gene. WS is an inherited disorder that results in multiple systemic symptoms including pancreatic β cell loss. Amo-Shiinoki et al. found that although WS mice were born with substantial insulin-producing β cells, as pictured, progressive dedifferentiation of β cells occurred after weaning, resulting in a mixed population of insulin- and glucagon-producing cells. The β cell lineage loss was attributable to impaired oxidative glycolysis and lowered adenosine triphosphate content, and was targetable by deletion of the endoplasmic reticulum stress–response protein Txnip. This study increases our understanding of mechanisms of β cell loss and highlights a potential therapeutic strategy for WS. Credit: Amo-Shiinoki et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_786.txt,groundtruth,17_786.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.png,C,"An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_5.txt,vith,2019_5.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_10.png,B,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,ave_1,2024_3.txt,A label-free 3D tomogram of COVID-19 microclots was recorded using a digital holotomographic microscope.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,test
Nature Neuroscience,27_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_1.png,A,"Focus on single-cell genomics in neuroscience
Single-cell and single-nucleus genomics pave the way for a comprehensive understanding of the nervous system and its diverse cell populations. Realizing this potential depends on meticulous planning, execution, and analysis. In this Focus Issue, three reviews from leaders in the field summarize best practices. The cover illustration symbolizes this effort with two hands pulling on a string, unraveling the complexity of the nervous system.
See Gokce et al. , Nowakowski et al. and Liddelow et al.
Image: Tyas Widayati. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_1.txt,groundtruth,27_1.txt,"Focus on neuroscience methods
In this focus issue on neuroscience methods we present a series of reviews, perspectives and commentaries that highlight advances in methods and analytical approaches and provide guidelines and best practices in various areas of neuroscience.
Image: Jennie Vallis. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/23_1.txt,vith,23_1.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Shu and colleagues show that two sodium channel subtypes, a high-threshold Nav1.2 and a low-threshold Nav1.6, are asymmetrically distributed in the axon initial segment (AIS). This asymmetrical distribution explains many of the unique properties of the AIS, including its generation of backpropagating action potentials. Cover design by Jiafeng Zhao.959996",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/12_5.txt,clip,12_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_5.png,C,"Single-cell technologies and brain disease, inspired by the Review on p346.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_7.txt,ave_2,19_7.txt,"Microglia in the tumour microenvironment, inspired by the Review on p243.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_9.txt,vitg,17_9.txt,"Neurology in the midnight sun, inspired by the Q&A on p453.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p19.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_10.png,C,"'Building a big brain project' by Jennie Vallis, inspired by the Viewpoint on p659.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/14_4.txt,clip,14_4.txt,"‘Neuroconnectionism’, inspired by the Perspective on p431
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_6.txt,ave_1,24_6.txt,"‘Light and cognition’, inspired by the Review on p159.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,"‘Brain activity on the move’, inspired by the Perspective on p347.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_7.txt,vitg,24_7.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.png,B,The,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"Solvent effects on the conformational dynamics and response to light excitation of multinuclear mixed valence metal complexes can be unveiled by mixed quantum classical approaches, based on molecular dynamics simulations carried out with quantum mechanically derived force-fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"for clinical decision support. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13,  210–222.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2017_9.txt,vith,2017_9.txt,"A machine learning approach LINES is used to accelerate sampling of binding sites around TIM3 and P26. The strongest binding site is targeted and found to support stable binding in a pose that we hypothesize blocks TIM3-GAL9 binding, a reaction that is known to suppress immune responses.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_7.txt,clip,2023_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_1.png,B,"The planetary boundaries framework outlines a safe operating space for humanity according to key Earth System dynamics. This Perspective proposes the addition of a green water planetary boundary based on root-zone soil moisture, and demonstrates that widespread green water modifications now present increasing risks to Earth System resilience. See Wang-Erlandsson et al.
Image: kakub1n/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_7.txt,vitg,3_7.txt,"Land-use and climate changes can reduce the resilience of river deltas to regime shifts in channel morphodynamics, estuarine turbidity and the state of coastal wetlands. This Review discusses how these regime shifts can be triggered, monitored and prevented.
Universal Images Group North America LLC / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows have historically been lost or degraded, threatening their ability to store carbon and provide ecosystem services. This Review details the global potential of blue carbon ecosystem protection and restoration in climate change mitigation, through carbon sequestration and co-benefit production. See Macreadie et al. [link to ‘Macreadie et al’ 10.1038/s43017-021-00224-1]
Image: Marie Hickman/Getty Images. Cover design: Denis Mallet.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Non-perennial segments of rivers undergo cycles of flowing, non-flowing and dry phases, influencing ecosystem dynamics and services across the river network. This Review describes the occurrence, ecology and future of these intermittent and ephemeral flows and highlights the importance of protecting these segments.
Image credit: Anton Petrus / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_1.txt,vith,4_1.txt,train
Med,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_6.png,B,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Chemotherapies are currently dosed based on a patient's height and weight,
using an equation from 1916 to estimate their body surface area. This method leads
to variability in pharmacokinetics, potentially causing increased toxicities and decreased
efficacy. Personalized dosing could improve the patient's experience by providing
a more accurate dose, reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy. In this
issue of Med, DeRidder et al. develop a closed-loop automated drug infusion regulator (CLAUDIA) system to address
this challenge by ensuring the drug reaches the target concentration regardless of
other factors. This illustration depicts a positive treatment experience, with patients
walking unbothered by their personalized chemotherapy dose represented by colorful
IV bags floating like balloons. Recovery is gentler, and daily life is less impacted
by chemotherapy. Cover credit: Virginia E. Fulford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the Cover: While monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have received emergency
approval for treatment, they do not persist in serum for extended periods and must
be administered intravenously, which affects their use. In this issue, Cobb et al.
(pp. 188–203) report the development of ADM03820, a neutralizing antibody cocktail
engineered for increased stability and decreased interaction with immune cells. Intramuscular
administration of ADM03820 in rhesus macaques protects them against SARS-CoV-2 challenge
in the lungs and nasopharynx in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that
the neutralizing capacity of ADM03820 alone is capable of protection against infection,
even when potentially beneficial immune cell interactions are eliminated. The data
can also be used to estimate neutralizing antibody titers capable of preventing infection
in non-human primate models. The extended half-life of the neutralizing Ab cocktail
in serum makes it a promising candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk
and immunocompromised individuals. Cover designed and created by Salvatore Fabbiano.
Cover art adapted from mrsim/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images and Elena Fomina/iStock/Getty
Images Plus via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.png,A,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,groundtruth,45_3.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,ave_2,45_12.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,clip,45_2.txt,val
NATURE ENERGY,9_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_9.png,D,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"The power to respond
Energy is used in the delivery of many functions of humanitarian aid, from shelter, lighting and transport, to clean water, sanitation, and medical assistance. This Focus issue explores how thinking around energy is changing as the need for sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps intensifies and as humanitarian crises become more protracted.
Image: Practical Action/David Nkurunziza. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"Fuel for the future
Our energy systems are undergoing large-scale changes as we try to overcome many societal and environmental challenges. Doing this successfully requires the efforts of many different researchers across a range of technologies and systems, each of which faces their own issues and concerns for the future.
See Armstrong et al. 1, 15020 (2016).
IMAGE:  poliki/iStock/ThinkstockCOVER DESIGN: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"Clean cooking transition experiences
Adapting to cleaner cooking fuels from more polluting options may be experienced differently by different groups across various stages of the energy transition. Kar et al. analyse survey data on household-level energy use in Ghana as the country shifts towards cleaner cooking fuels. Given wide heterogeneity, they propose a stage-based framework to support policy interventions.
See Kar et al.
Image: Kypros / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_9.txt,groundtruth,9_9.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_10.png,D,"We invite readers to explore the newest addition to the Trends collection Trends in Cancer, which aims to cover a range of topics in cancer research including the latest developments
in basic, translational and clinical sciences, pharma R&D, technology, ethics, and
policy. The inaugural issue of Trends in Cancer tackles the big questions in cancer research today by leading researchers in the
field. The cover depicts an image of a crab or cancer in Latin. The name cancer comes from early observations by Greek physician Hippocrates
of finger-like projections emanating from the diseased mass, calling to mind the shape
of a crab (carcinos in Greek, and later, cancer in Latin). The concept was developed by Danielle Loughlin and Kip Lyall, and the
image was designed by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"Aging is a strong predictor of cancer, which is often viewed as a senescence-related
disease. On pages 169–172 in this issue, Thomas et al. reflect on cancer from an evolutionary biology perspective, and argue for reassessing
the “senescence view” considering that cancer is a strong selective force early on
in the lifespan of organisms. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_11.txt,vith,4_11.txt,"Many therapeutic strategies that are positive in preclinical mice
experiments fail in human clinical trials due to biological differences between mice
and humans. In this issue, Joshi et al. propose using pigs as alternative animals for
preclinical testing due to their many similarities shared with humans. In particular,
the
Oncopig model is likely to play a key role in developing novel cancer therapeutics.
Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/Danielle D. Hughson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_10.txt,groundtruth,10_10.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_4.png,C,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vitg,2018_16.txt,L-Glutamic acid acts as molecular glue connecting αlanine units to produce fluorescent poly-Glu-Ala. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,vith,2010_11.txt,test
Trends in Microbiology,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/33_2.png,D,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the
emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban
review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell
cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological
processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements
and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of
a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt,vith,26_9.txt,"In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding
role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall
components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover
shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system,
containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR
family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate
immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly
or
indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively).
Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer.
BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.png,D,"The cover features the kinetics of tetracyanoethylene on a copper surface at two different temperatures. For increasing dosages, the system undergoes a thermodynamically driven phase transition from lying to standing. As this transition notably changes the physical properties of the interface, we study how to kinetically inhibit this change. Based on first principles, we predict that molecules can be trapped in a lying orientation in the temperature range of 110",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,"This front cover depicts the artwork created by Tianruo Shen, the first chemist from a family of medical professionals. This cover and accompanying Editorial are part of the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,ave_2,2021_1.txt,"Amino acids will be observed remotely, the diffuse interstellar bands will be linked to molecular carriers, and direct spectral observations of exoplanetary atmospheres will produce clear chemical signals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,val
Nano Letters,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_8.png,B,The cover art shows a STM image of bilayer FeSb films epitaxially grown on a SrTiO3(001) substrate with a well-ordered Kagome lattice clearly revealed (inset). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2024_51.txt,ave_2,2024_51.txt,"The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"This cover shows a three-dimensionally rendered ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope image of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecular chains on an epitaxial graphene surface. PCDA is used as a template for growing sub-10 nm oxide nanostructures on graphene via atomic layer deposition. Justice M. P. Alaboson, Chun-Hong Sham, Sumit Kewalramani, Jonathan D. Emery, James E. Johns, Aparna Deshpande, TeYu Chien, Michael J. Bedzyk, Jeffrey W. Elam, Michael J. Pellin, and Mark C. Hersam, pp 5763.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2013_1.txt,clip,2013_1.txt,"This  cover shows the friction between a pair of silicon anvils in the non-Amontons  (high pressure) and non-Coulomb (low sliding speed) regime. The nanometer-scale silicon crystalline anvils are brought into contact and form a decrystalized  junction due to high pressure. The lower anvil moves laterally at low sliding  speed, resulting in superplastic shear deformation of the junction. The results are expected to lead to a better understanding of quasi-static friction under  high pressure and open a new window onto geoscience, materials science, and nanotechnology. Tadashi Ishida, Takaaki Sato, Takahiro Ishikawa, Masatsugu  Oguma, Noriaki Itamura, Keisuke Goda, Naruo Sasaki, and Hiroyuki Fujita, p 1476.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2015_10.txt,vitg,2015_10.txt,train
Immunity,57_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_3.png,D,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: The generation of affinity matured antibodies to T cell-dependent (TD)
antigens occurs in dynamic structures called germinal centers (GCs). TD antibody formation
in GCs requires both a specialized set of T cells referred to as T follicular helper
(Tfh) cells in addition to cognate B cells. In this issue of Immunity, three papers (Choi et al. [pages 932–946], Kerfoot et al. [pages 947–960], and Kitano
et al. [pages 961–972]) characterize Tfh cell and B cell dynamics within the GC reaction.
Tfh cells are thought to provide “help” to B cells leading to the differentiation
of B cells within the GC. A common message among the papers is that this relationship
between B and T cells in the GC has a reciprocal nature, with B cells in turn providing
“help” in the maintenance of Tfh cells. This reciprocity is represented on the cover
by a handshake. © iStockphoto.com/caracterdesign]",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/34_1.txt,ave_2,34_1.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: The thymus involutes as we age, leading to reduced numbers of recent
thymic emigrant (RTE) naive T cells in circulation. Bohacova, Terekhova et al. examine human RTEs in a cohort of 158 individuals, providing insight into the impact
of age on RTE profile and functional potential and defining CD38 expression as a marker
of RTEs. RTEs—newly generated naive T cells—are depicted as a flock of migrating birds
emerging from a cloud (thymus). Having completed maturation, RTEs transition into
the bloodstream and eventually into the tissues, as evoked by migrating birds in search
of favorable environments. Image credit: Fishy Frog.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_3.txt,groundtruth,57_3.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_785,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_785.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Expanding Liver Gene Editing. The cover shows gene-targeted and expanded adult mouse hepatocytes (red) and a counterstain for DNA (blue). Homology-directed repair (HDR)-based techniques show promise for gene editing of liver diseases, but they do not always achieve sufficient editing of adult cells. To improve HDR-based hepatocyte editing, De Giorgi et al. created a system that conditions the liver by transiently knocking down the essential gene fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah), and then inserts a therapeutic transgene of choice alongside a non-targetable version of Fah into the highly expressed Apolipoprotein A1 (Apoa1) locus, to protect the hepatocytes from further injury. A high-protein diet in these mice increased expansion of edited hepatocytes and corrected of about a quarter of all hepatocytes in the liver, and increased the expression of therapeutic transgene human factor IX (FIX) by five-fold. This increased expansion of targeted hepatocytes may expand the number of liver diseases targetable by gene therapy. Credit: Marco De Giorgi",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_785.txt,groundtruth,17_785.txt,"ONLINE COVER Transforming Lung Cancer. The cover illustrates a lung adenocarcinoma cell (pink) transitioning to an intermediate state (purple) that can then transdifferentiate into a lung squamous cell carcinoma cell (red) or small cell lung carcinoma cell (blue). This issue of Science Translational Medicine features a Focus article by Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, the winner of the 2024 AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, which is given each year to a young scientist who has made important contributions to the field of cancer research. Credit: Fathema Z. Uddin",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_760.txt,clip,16_760.txt,"ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_757.txt,vith,16_757.txt,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_7.png,C,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,vith,31_7.txt,"The neuronal methylome is distinct from other cell types. While the classical form
of methylation at CG residues is present across all cell types, neurons are uniquely
enriched for methylation outside of this context at CA, CT, and CC (CH) residues.
The illustration on the cover highlights the differences in patterns of methylation,
with methylated CG sites represented as grey circles distributed throughout the body
and methylated CH sites specifically enriched within the brain. On pages 816–832,
Clemens and Gabel discuss the importance of CH methylation in the brain in connection
with MeCP2, a methylated-DNA binding protein, also enriched in neurons. They highlight
the dose-sensitive nature of these two components and their mechanistic roles in gene
regulation and neurodevelopmental diseases. Cover art: Richa Rathore.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/36_2.txt,clip,36_2.txt,"The neuronal composition that makes up our brains is relatively stable
from shortly after birth to adulthood. However, these post-mitotic neurons continue
to
undergo property changes throughout the lifespan. In this issue, Gabrielle Prince,
Molly
Reynolds, Verdion Martina, and HaoSheng Sun describe recent characterizations of the
functional and molecular changes that neurons undergo across postnatal development
and discuss cell-intrinsic versus cell-extrinsic mechanisms in the regulation of neuronal
maturation. Illustration by Dalton Patterson, Sharrell Greene, and Gabrielle Prince.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_7.txt,groundtruth,40_7.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,test
Nature Reviews Materials,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.png,A,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"Metamaterials provide a platform to leverage optical signals for performing specific-purpose computational tasks with ultra-fast speeds. This Review surveys the basic principles, recent advances and promising future directions for wave-based-metamaterial analogue computing systems. See Zangeneh-Nejad et al.
Image: Romain Fleury. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_10.txt,vitg,6_10.txt,"Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al.
Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt,ave_0,4_10.txt,"The field of molecular magnetism has expanded from the chemical design and study of single-molecule magnets and magnetic materials, to more physics- and nanotechnology-driven areas. In this Review, this change in focus is discussed and molecular magnetism in combination with either molecular spintronics, quantum technologies, metal—organic frameworks or 2D materials is outlined. See Eugenio Coronado
Cover Image: Eugenio Coronado, Universitat de Valencia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_11.txt,clip,5_11.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_12.png,A,"The antibacterial properties of nanosheet-shaped crystalline assemblies of enzymatically synthesized aminated cellulose oligomers (namely, surface-aminated synthetic nanocelluloses) and their synergy with a metal-chelating antibacterial agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, were demonstrated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The cover image depicts a supramolecular switching surface that can be easily switched between bactericidal and antifouling states by host−guest interaction. As the negatively charged macrocyclic host S6-corona[3]arene[3]pyridazine (S6-CAP) are incorporated to the bactericidal surface, the bactericidal ability of the surface is switched off, and the surface is transformed to an antifouling state. After being switched on by simply washing off much of S6-CAP, the bactericidal activity is even better than the original contact-killing surfaces. With this method, we can create a switchable contact-killing surface that may be helpful for tackling the problems of drug-resistance-induction and adhesion-to-invalidation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_11.txt,ave_2,2019_11.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,vitg,2019_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.png,A,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by a Review on quantum programming languages. See Bettina Heim et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"The cover shows a tiled microscopy image of a monolayer MoS2 sample, contacted with metal contacts. See Wang & Chhowalla
Image: Yan Wang, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"The cover of this issue shows a photograph of a spontaneous parametric down-conversion Type I beam and is inspired by a Review on imaging with quantum states of light. See Moreau et al.
Image: Paul-Antoine Moreau, University of Glasgow. Cover Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/24_1.png,D,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_2.txt,clip,24_2.txt,"Nanoscale environments created by topological defects in liquid crystals can serve as a template for the self-assembly of molecular amphiphiles within the defects.
Article p106; News & Views p10
IMAGE: NICHOLAS ABBOTT GROUP
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_12.txt,ave_2,15_12.txt,"Complex element coupling expands materials capabilities
Increasing compositional complexity expands the space of manipulating materials properties, bringing both opportunities and challenges to design and processing.
See Xue et al. & Editorial
Image: background, Yuichiro Chino / Moment / Getty; structure, Hang Xue & Chong Yang, Xi’an Jiaotong University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/22_9.txt,vith,22_9.txt,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_5.png,D,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"CRISPR/Cas and other genome editing approaches have quickly become centrally important
biotechnological techniques in synthetic biology. This month, we focus on emerging
aspects of genome editing ranging from generating high-value chemicals in prokaryotes
to designing synthetic gene circuits. In pages 535–547 of this issue, Jusiak, Cleto,
and colleagues discuss the applications of CRISPR to transcriptional regulation and
envision a paradigm of highly efficient transcription factor design using genome editing.
Cover image from Sara Cleto, Timothy Lu, and the Elsevier Webshop, and cover design
by Matthew Pavlovich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_7.txt,vith,34_7.txt,"Systems and synthetic biology control 'knobs' can design and reprogram
bacterial phenotypes, illustrated as light bulbs. However, inherent genomic redundancies
and the presence of unknown factors make genome manipulation difficult and undermine
the performance of desired functionalities. In pages 1048–1063 of this issue, Kim
and
colleagues discuss integrative top-down and bottom-up genome reduction schemes.
These schemes make it possible to design 'optimal genomes' that are more amenable
to genetic reprogramming and can execute targeted functions in a more effective and
orthogonal fashion. Cover image from Kangsan Kim, Donghui Choe, and Byung-Kwan Cho.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_22.png,C,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"Unraveling the interplay between dopamine, carbon monoxide, and heme oxygenase: suggesting an axis that likely plays important roles in neuromodulation and cognition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,test
Nature Reviews Physics,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_3.png,C,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,vitg,5_10.txt,"The cover of this issue shows the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. In a Focus on future particle accelerators we explore the proposed projects and underlying technologies that would make the next big particle collider possible. See Editorial
Image: The Large Hadron Collider, CERN.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on the CERN accelerator complex. See the Editorial.
Image: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,"The cover of this issue shows a network of similar products for the Egyptian economy. See César Hidalgo
Image: César Hidalgo, ANITI, University of Toulouse, France. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_11.txt,vith,3_11.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_34,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_34.png,D,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,Tuning acid/base electrochemistry via hydrophobicity and electric fields.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_34.txt,groundtruth,2024_34.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.png,B,"Microglia in the tumour microenvironment, inspired by the Review on p243.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_9.txt,vitg,17_9.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"Modelling Alzheimer disease in a dish, inspired by the Review on p25.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_12.txt,clip,18_12.txt,"Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p19.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_12.txt,ave_0,19_12.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_10.png,B,"Berberine chloride and four aliphatic dicarboxylic acids form novel cocrystals with higher melting point, improved dissolution, and lower hygroscopicity. The melting points and intrinsic dissolution rates of these cocrystals exhibit an",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,This image represents a painting of a monolayer of lymphatic endothelial cells stained with VE-cadherin and DAPI containing fluorescent nanoparticles. The original painting was created by Shae Shortt. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,γ,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_7.txt,vitg,2020_7.txt,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,vith,2023_5.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_2.png,C,"When networks get real
Combining concepts from knot theory and statistical mechanics leads to a method for distinguishing between physical networks with identical wiring but different layouts.
See Barabási et al.
IMAGE: Alice Grishchenko. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,"Charge on the bouncing barrier
In our understanding of planetary formation, it is still unclear how millimetre-sized dust grains grow into centimetre-sized aggregates. Microgravity experiments now show that electrical charging of the grains leads to the formation of larger clumps.
See Steinpilz et al.
Image: Tobias Steinpilz. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_11.txt,vith,16_11.txt,"Cellular energy budget
How cells manage the internal energetic budget to drive mechanical and chemical dynamics is still an open question. Sheng Chen and collaborators show that the allocation of energy depends on how far the cell is from thermodynamic equilibrium.
See Sheng Chen et al.
Image: William Bement (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Sheng Chen (Yale University), Michael Murrell (Yale University). Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"The formation of a shell
Molluscs are capable of assembling layers of material in the shells around them with exquisite control. Synchrotron-based nanotomographic imaging of the structural evolution of this layer formation has now prompted a model that draws analogy with topological defect dynamics in liquid crystals
Article → N&V
IMAGE: Igor Zlotnikov. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_10.txt,vitg,17_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.png,A,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,clip,21_1.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_2.txt,vitg,22_2.txt,"Gut cell atlas, inspired by the Roadmap on p597.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_4.txt,ave_3,20_4.txt,train
Organometallics,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_4.png,B,"Modifying the steric properties of ligands enables tuning the reactivity of organometallic complexes. Although various methods have been developed to quantify the steric parameters of mononuclear complexes, these had not been validated for dinuclear complexes. The cover shows two copper atoms window shopping for dinucleating ligands. In the window, they see three 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligands with different substituents. Each carries price tags with calculated steric parameters using our validated methodology. This enables the copper atoms to find the right fit for their needs. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Emily Monkcom for designing the cover art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2023_24.txt,ave_2,2023_24.txt,"s reactivity trend in activating C(spn)–X bonds mirrors that of a palladium catalyst. Reactivity increases by two distinct mechanisms: i) as the C(spn)–X bond becomes progressively weaker from X = F to Cl to Br to I, resulting in a more facile bond rupture, and ii) as the steric shielding at the pertinent carbon atom diminishes from C(sp3)–X to C(sp2)–X to C(sp)–X, leading to less steric clash and therefore a more stabilizing catalyst–substrate interaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,The future is shining bright for organometallics. This special issue shines light on photo-active organometallic complexes and their applications as photoredox catalysts.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,What is the application? Consider how organometallic expertise can be extended to determine and realize new translational research opportunities. The diverse applications of organometallic chemistry featured in this Special Issue continue to inspire creative directions and novel approaches within the discipline.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_5.txt,ave_1,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_7.png,D,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Intelligent collaboration within reach
As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics.
See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg
Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"Neural architecture search for computational genomics
Applying deep learning models requires the tuning of network architectures for optimum performance, which can require substantial machine learning expertise. In this issue, Zijun Zhang et al. present a fully automated framework, AMBER, to design and apply convolutional neural networks for genomic sequences using neural architecture search. In an accompanying News & Views, Yi Zhang, Yang Liu and X. Shirley Liu discuss the AMBER technique and its potential to improve deep learning models in genomics.
See Zhang et al. and Zhang, Liu and Liu
Image: Simons Foundation. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,"Self-motion estimation with neuromorphic resonator networks
Estimating position and movement relative to objects with vision is a challenging computational problem in robotics. Renner et al. propose a neuromorphic solution, aiming at low-power, brain-inspired machine vision for mobile robots. In this approach, event-based neuromorphic vision sensors convert luminance changes during movement into spikes, illustrated in the cover image, with colour representing time. A neural architecture then analyses scene structure and the sensor’s pose, building a working memory of the environment.
See Renner et al. and Renner et al.
Image: Alpha Renner and Lazar Supic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_6.png,A,"Miniaturized in vitro bone models, known as ""mini-bones,"" have emerged as
powerful tools for studying physiology, disease mechanisms, and regenerative processes
of
bone, and for designing new bone-related therapies. In pages 910–928 of this issue,
Fois
and colleagues discuss how the mini-bones require small amounts of cells and materials,
are compatible with high-throughput production and screening methods and high-content
imaging, and offer good bone mimicry. This image highlights the concept of mini-bones
that
are made from cellular and matrix-mimicking building blocks in a bottom-up manner.
Cover
image designed by Daniela Velasco Lozano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,"LEGO® bricks are toys for kids that can be used to assemble mindblowing
creations. In pages 1073–1087 of this issue, Boulter et al. discuss an alternative
use of LEGO® bricks to design and assemble open-access scientific tools and systems
for biotechnology and other fields of science. The LEGO® brick road depicted on the
cover, as inspired by the yellow brick road from the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, is a
metaphor for a sinuous road that leads towards a reachable, yet distant, world of
open
science. The road is sprinkled with LEGO® creations that symbolize life science and
concepts addressed in the article. Cover image designed by Julien Colombelli. LEGO®
is a trademark of The LEGO Group, which did not sponsor, authorize or endorse this
artwork.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt,ave_1,31_10.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_6.png,C,"Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,The CO2 tree highlights the breadth of chemical compounds currently accessible from CO2 to illustrate its potential to serve as a carbon source for the future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"The cover art illustrates the innovative method of synthesizing spherical lignin-based 3D porous carbons (LSPCs). These ecofriendly spheres depict high surface areas and customizable micro/mesopores. With their impressive performance in supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries, these materials significantly advance in creating ecofriendly energy storage solutions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2024_47.txt,vith,2024_47.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_5.png,B,"A gold-star-coated aluminum substrate-based SERS immunoassay platform for the selective detection of blood-based biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, p-Tau, and t-Tau of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SERS spectral data augmented by the machine learning technique yielded high sensitivity of the order of an attomolar concentration of the biomarkers and successfully differentiated between controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. The image was generated with the assistance of ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,Interpreting immune cell behavior and signaling is critical to understanding Alzheimer's neuroinflammation. Preventing neurodegeneration is the goal of reorienting attention from Aβ synthesis to immune-mediated clearance. Successfully addressing obstacles such as negative immune reactions might result in notable progress in the field of immunotherapy by enhancing the accuracy of treatment.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_1,2023_6.txt,val
BDJ Student,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/32_1.png,A,"BDJ Student - King's College London takeover
Welcome to this very special edition of BDJ Student!

In 2025, three dental schools will be taking over each of our issues. In this January edition, I'm delighted to introduce the King's College London takeover, packed full of interesting and insightful articles from one of the country's leading dental schools",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 3
How can we integrate oral health with global health? The cover feature in this edition's BDJ Student asks - and answers - that very question
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_1.txt,clip,28_1.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 2
In this spring issue of BDJ Student, our lead feature takes a closer look at four dental professionals who have taken their clinical knowledge and applied it outside the practice
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 1
In this issue we hear from new BDA President Russ Ladwa, detail the career options for dentists in the UK and delve into oral medicine conditions you need to know about
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_3.txt,vith,28_3.txt,train
Science Robotics,10_99,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/10_99.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Biohybrid Robots—Controlling Robotic Hand Movement with Muscle Tissue. Biohybrid robots provide the advantage of combining muscle tissue derived from cells as well as synthetic components. These muscle tissues can be controlled to generate contractile forces necessary to provide linear movement of joints. Ren et al. have developed a multifingered robotic hand that was powered by bundles of muscle tissue. The muscles were connected to tendons and ultimately to the individual fingers, which could be controlled independently to generate flexion when exposed to electrical stimulation. This month’s cover is an image of the biohybrid robotic hand showing the fingers in flexion. Credit: : Shoji Takeuchi research group/University of Tokyo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/10_99.txt,groundtruth,10_99.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,vitg,7_68.txt,"ONLINE COVER Soft Robotics Across Scales. Extensive research, from materials engineering to whole systems, is expanding the boundaries of robotics to create stretchy, flexible, touch-feedback electronics; advanced microelectromechanical systems; and shape-morphing and self-propelling devices. Umrao et al. designed Ti3C2Tx electrodes ionically cross-linked with PEDOT:PSS for high-performance air-working ionic soft actuators. The resulting actuators tolerated high bending strains, responded rapidly to electric signals, and remained durable after hours of use. They were used as artificial muscles in kinetic structures, such as this butterfly (mass of 310 grams). [CREDIT: Umrao et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/4_33.txt,vith,4_33.txt,"ONLINE COVER Piano Forte. Human hands are complex and agile, but most robotic end effectors are simple and bulky. Hughes et al. used 3D-printing technology to create robotic devices that mimic human hands, with stiff skeletal frames surrounded by flexible ""ligaments"" controlling movement at joints. They varied ligament stiffness and the force applied to strike a piano key; the resulting data led to models predicting the range of motion for a specific set of conditions. The validity of the approach and the design was demonstrated with a system able to play excerpts of three different pieces of music, representing a range of styles, in a manner close to that of a human. [CREDIT: J. HUGHES & N. CHORNAY/UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_25.txt,clip,3_25.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_22.png,B,"On the cover: This image shows a developing human forebrain organoid at day 60, which
has a “tree-like” structure. Neural progenitor cells are marked by SOX2 (green), lysosomes
are marked by LAMP1 (white), and nuclei are marked by DAPI (blue). During the development
of embryonic neocortex, there are abundant endolysosomes in the neural progenitor
cells near the ventricle. Using our analogy to a tree, they function like roots, absorbing
nutrients from the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle to maintain the proliferative
capacity of the neural progenitor cells. As differentiated intermediate progenitor
cells and neurons migrate upward along the “trunk,” the cortical plate is formed.
To learn more about how lysosomal dynamics regulate neurogenesis, see Zou et al. Image credit: Yuqing Lv and Wenzheng Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_24.txt,clip,59_24.txt,"On the cover: Confocal microscopy image of a mouse embryonic pancreatic explant showing
pancreatic epithelial branches (green) and acinar progenitor cells (purple). At this
stage, pancreatic duct cells are marked by Prox1 (green) and form secondary branches,
which end with acinar structures positive for Integrin alpha6 (purple). To learn more
about how embryonic pancreatic tissue undergoes branching morphogenesis, see Darrigrand et al. Image credit: Jean-Francois Darrigrand.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_22.txt,groundtruth,59_22.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,test
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_1.png,B,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,"Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) protect the proteome against
deleterious effects of protein unfolding, catching non-native proteins before they
aggregate and precipitate. On pages 1063–1078 in this issue, Johannes Buchner
and colleagues describe the structural and functional principles of sHsp oligomers
and what makes them versatile and adaptive for trapping a large range of non-native
proteins. Cover art, colors inspired by “The Catcher in the Rye”, by Carsten Peters.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_1.txt,groundtruth,49_1.txt,"On The Cover: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to visualize fluctuations of biological
macromolecules at high resolution, though are often only represented as static figures
in published literature. On pages 902–913 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Peter Hildebrand, Alexander Rose, and Johanna Tiemann highlight how advances
in browser technology may enable scientists to interactively share and visualize simulations
on the web. Cover image source: iStock/AlisaRut.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_2.txt,vith,44_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,clip,47_14.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_4.png,B,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,"Synucleinopathies are characterized by neuronal loss accompanied by
α-synuclein accumulation in the brain. While research conventionally focused on brain
pathology, there is growing evidence for peripheral alterations in synucleinopathies,
including in erythrocytes, which are rich in α-synuclein. Erythrocyte-derived extracellular
vesicles, containing pathological α-synuclein species, can traverse the blood–brain
barrier under certain conditions, as well as the gastrointestinal tract, where α-synuclein
and gut microbiota interact extensively. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Ying
Yang and colleagues explore the accumulating evidence of erythrocyte involvement in
synucleinopathies, as well as their potential in disease pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Image credits: Science Photo Library – SCIEPRO / Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_4.txt,groundtruth,47_4.txt,"Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the
neocortex. On pages 141–151, Matthew Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the
cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting
a powerful operating principle of the cortex. The cover image shows layer 5 neocortical
pyramidal cells from different regions of the cortex coding for orientation, color
and form (of a tiger) while receiving feedback input (context) to the dendrites. An
artist's impression of a dendritic spike is shown in one of the pyramidal cells. Cover
design: Thomas Splettstoesser. Credit for the cloud image: Chris Schwarz (Shutterstock.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_10.txt,clip,36_10.txt,"Normal development and functioning of the nervous system is critically dependent upon
interaction with the immune system. Recent research at the interface of neuroscience
and immunology has revealed the ways in which reciprocal neuroimmune interactions
are important for many brain-behavior relationships. This Special Issue of Trends
in Neurosciences is devoted to cutting edge research at the intersection of the nervous
and immune systems. Topics covered include the molecular logic of the blood-brain
barrier, the role of myeloid cells in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease,
and depression, and similarities between psychological and immunological memory formation.
Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/38_4.txt,vith,38_4.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_11.png,C,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,clip,17_9.txt,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"Precise communication between the pollen tube and the synergid
cells within the ovule is essential to coordinate pollen tube rupture, followed by
delivery and reception of the sperm cells. Alice Baillie and colleagues provide insight
into the complicated interaction between the receptor-like kinases involved, and their
co-receptors and ligands. The cover image represents the detail of an arabidopsis
flower,
with male pollen tubes travelling down the transmitting tract towards the ovule micropyles
where the tubes interact with the female synergid cells. Image credit: Jen Sloan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_11.txt,groundtruth,29_11.txt,"Two papers by Christoph-Martin Geilfus and colleagues and Muzammil Hussain, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and colleagues discuss the recent breakthrough discovery that stressed
plants emit various informative ultrasonic sound signals, which can be categorized
according to plant species, stress type, and stress severity. This unlocks a new path
into research of plant—environment interactions with multiple possibilities for future
applications. Image credit: Daniela Leitner (design) and Christoph-Martin Geilfus
(concept).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_4.txt,vith,28_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_9.png,D,"This month, we celebrate the fifth anniversary of Nature Reviews Materials. In our editorial, we look back over this time and contemplate the future. See Editorial.
Cover: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_1.txt,clip,5_1.txt,"CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize by converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range, which involves challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks. The cover shows an artistic representation of the implementation of CO2 electrolysis to scale and its materials needs. See Belsa B. et al.
Cover image: Francisco Pelayo García de Arquer. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_5.txt,vith,9_5.txt,"Microscale robots' unique active motion enables their precise navigation in different aqueous biological or environmental media. The image shows an artist’s impression of microrobots using photocatalysis to degrade chemical and biological warfare agents for environmental remediation. See Chen C. et al
Cover image: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_10.txt,vitg,9_10.txt,"Crystallization of soft materials often follows pathways not envisioned in classical theories of crystallization, instead passing through disordered, amorphous, or dense liquid precursors. The recent emergence of techniques to probe these pathways with minimal damage has led to a growing knowledge about these pathways. The image illustrates crystallization via a dense liquid precursor as the free energy of the system decreases, as well as the in-situ observation of this process. See Du J.S. et al
Cover image: Cortland Johnson. Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_9.txt,groundtruth,9_9.txt,train
Current Biology,34_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_10.png,B,"On the cover: A large number of gray reef sharks fight over a grouper. Pristine marine
locations are rare and usually host a large number of sharks, raising the question
of how such a high predator density can be supported by local food. In this issue,
Mourier et al. (pages 2011–2016) report extremely high shark biomass in pristine Fakarava
pass, French Polynesia. This study presents a new mechanism in which food subsidies
directly come to predators in the form of spawning aggregations, allowing them to
stay inside the reef pass. Also see the Dispatch by Simpfendorfer and Heupel (pages
R708–R710). Photo credit: Laurent Ballesta.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_10.txt,clip,26_10.txt,"On the cover: White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) swimming in the clear waters around Guadalupe Island (Mexico). In this issue, Wagner et al. use genome-wide sequencing to show global white shark populations are divided into
three distinct genetic lineages: Atlantic/Mediterranean, North Pacific, and Indo-Pacific.
These lineages diverged 100,000–200,000 years ago and rarely interbreed. Image credit:
Getty/Cultura Exclusive/Rodrigo Friscione.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_10.txt,groundtruth,34_10.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Skomal et al. (pages 1019–1022) use satellite archival
tags and a novel geolocation technique to demonstrate that the world's second largest
fish, the basking shark, makes ocean basin-scale movements in the western Atlantic
over a much broader geographic range than previously thought. The authors found that
basking sharks migrate seasonally from temperate shelf waters off the coast of New
England to deep subtropical and tropical waters of the Bahamas and the Caribbean Sea
to the coast of South America and into the Southern Hemisphere. These results significantly
alter the known distribution and habitat of this species and highlight the need for
global conservation efforts throughout its range. Photograph © Nick Caloyianis | www.nickcaloyianis.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_13.txt,ave_1,19_13.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_9.png,D,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"Barcoding technologies are enabling the quantification of heterogeneous populations
as well as changes in phenotypic states of cancer cells. In this issue, Howland and
Brock discuss various barcoding technologies that are providing unique opportunities
to understand tumor evolution in the context of selective pressures, such as tissue
and environmental interactions or drug treatments. The cover depicts sailboats (cancer
cells) that can be identified by their unique sails (barcodes) during a voyage (tumor
evolution). Cover image modified with permission from gettyimages/diane555.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_6.txt,clip,9_6.txt,"Fast-paced advances in single-cell sequencing technologies allow unprecedent ways
to probe tumor development, evolution, and response to therapies. On pages 13–19,
González-Silva et al. discuss the opportunities and roadblocks to use these technologies to unravel the
complexities of tumor heterogeneity, and translation into patient care. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_13.txt,vith,6_13.txt,"In the evolving era of cancer immunotherapy, combination strategies
are becoming ever more effective in overcoming challenges associated with PD-1
monotherapy. In this issue, Hashimoto et al. discuss the potential of PD-1/IL-2
combination regimen in enhancing anti-cancer therapy efficacy through shaping the
differentiation trajectory of CD8 T cells, thereby impacting their exhaustion program.
The cover depicts an effector CD8 T cell (upper right), generated by PD-1 blockade
and
IL-2 therapy, effectively finding and killing malignant cells (lower left). The cover
image
was created by Mie Yoshimura.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_9.txt,groundtruth,10_9.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_6.png,C,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,"Cover Credit: In this cover article, Zhou et al. constructed a novel mechanistic quantitative systems pharmacology model describing the underlying pathophysiological processes of HER2+BC, from ligand-receptor binding to downstream signaling and finally to tumor growth, while incorporating the distinct modalities and mechanisms of various state-of-the-art therapeutics. A large variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental data was used during model calibration and validation, achieving a quantitative and accurate description of cellular signaling, time-response, dose-response, and tumor growth kinetics. In a high-throughput manner, this multiscale QSP model platform enabled researchers to probe into the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies at the preclinical level, generate new hypothesis regarding best treatment combinations to overcome resistance, and suggested important directions for future translational drug research and model-informed drug development. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01232-9. See the article in pages 1287–1304",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_7.txt,vith,45_7.txt,"Cover Credit: Suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) contributes to tumor progression and immunotherapy failure. Noninvasive radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure reshapes TIME into an antitumor phenotype by altering the transcription profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in pulmonary metastatic melanoma, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity signature of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK cell subsets. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01260-5. See the article in pages 1492–1505",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_6.txt,groundtruth,45_6.txt,"Cover Credit: Reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles for tumor-targeted protein degradation and anticancer therapy. The reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by self-assembly of the PROTAC-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymer and further functionalized with a CRGDK ligand. The resulting PROTAC prodrug NPs can specifically target tumor cells and be efficiently internalized by recognizing neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Remarkably, the PROTAC prodrug NPs efficiently degraded the protein targets BRD4 and CDK9 for inhibiting tumor growth in an mouse model of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer. More importantly, the PROTAC prodrug NP can serve as a platform for co-delivering chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) to perform combinatory cancer therapy. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01266-z). See the article in pages 1740–1751.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.txt,vitg,45_5.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_5.png,D,"We invite readers to explore the newest addition to the Trends collection Trends in Cancer, which aims to cover a range of topics in cancer research including the latest developments
in basic, translational and clinical sciences, pharma R&D, technology, ethics, and
policy. The inaugural issue of Trends in Cancer tackles the big questions in cancer research today by leading researchers in the
field. The cover depicts an image of a crab or cancer in Latin. The name cancer comes from early observations by Greek physician Hippocrates
of finger-like projections emanating from the diseased mass, calling to mind the shape
of a crab (carcinos in Greek, and later, cancer in Latin). The concept was developed by Danielle Loughlin and Kip Lyall, and the
image was designed by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,clip,4_10.txt,"The cover image depicts a masked face harbouring an intricately woven
web of connections, signifying the virtual global network that helps cultivate a feeling
of ‘togetherness’ in the backdrop of a pandemic threatening to keep us apart. The
theme, ‘Apart, Together’ symbolises the many experiences of members of the scientific
community, who continue to bravely serve and survive a deadly pandemic. This
statement resonates strongly with many, including the Trends team, managing their own
commitments and responsibilities from disparate geographical locations, while being
part of a collective. For our Editorial describing this important idea, please turn
to pages
1047–1049. Cover Image Credit: Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_1.txt,vith,7_1.txt,"Traditional approaches to understand mental health in cancer survivors
often involve the classification of psychopathology into discrete disorders. However,
this approach has faced mounting criticism. In this issue, Haywood et al. propose that
the hierarchical dimensional approach (HiTOP model) diminishes stigma, considers
the individual holistically, and offers a more reliable clinical assessment. The cover
depicts the artist’s mother, a cancer survivor who struggled with mental health post-treatment.
The setting is dark, but in white, an outline of her brain emerges, and from
there, an array of neurons which symbolizes the mind. The image of the neurons
slowly unravels to demonstrate the complexity of the mind as well as the unique
confusion and pain that cancer survivors struggle with. Cover design by Caroline Cha,
VI4 Artist-in-Residence Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_5.txt,groundtruth,10_5.txt,test
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_7.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,clip,47_14.txt,"On The Cover: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to visualize fluctuations of biological
macromolecules at high resolution, though are often only represented as static figures
in published literature. On pages 902–913 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Peter Hildebrand, Alexander Rose, and Johanna Tiemann highlight how advances
in browser technology may enable scientists to interactively share and visualize simulations
on the web. Cover image source: iStock/AlisaRut.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_2.txt,vitg,44_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,ave_1,48_6.txt,"Osmotic stress conditions cause changes in the physicochemical
properties of the cellular environment, including macromolecular crowding. Recent
progress has shed light on how cells sense such environmental perturbations (e.g.
temperature, pH, and crowding). On pages 480–493 in this issue, Meneses-Reyes et al.
discuss how intrinsically disordered regions in proteins can sense macromolecular
crowding in plants and provide a tool guide for tracking macromolecular crowding in
living cells. Cover image by Cesar Cuevas-Velazquez, inspired by Mexican seed art.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_7.txt,groundtruth,49_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_379,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_379.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes a calcium-accumulating region in Orai channels that is important for ion flux at low concentrations of extracellular calcium. The image shows a snapshot of a molecular dynamics simulation of this region of the channel. The yellow balls are calcium ions. [Image: Vasilina Zayats/Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_408.txt,vitg,8_408.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on nonconventional functions of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX2). The image depicts a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), formation of which depends on reactive oxygen species generated through NOX2 activity. [Image: Volker Brinkmann, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_379.txt,groundtruth,2007_379.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Santi et al. report that cancer-associated fibroblasts release matrix-bound vesicles that transfer proteins to endothelial cells, resulting in enhanced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. The image shows a three-dimensional reconstruction of endothelial cells co-cultured with cancer-associated fibroblasts. The yellow, green, red, and purple structures are vesicular structures containing proteins transferred to the endothelial cells; the blue oblong structures are nuclei; and the white lattice shows actin filaments.  Image: Santi et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_827.txt,clip,17_827.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows how neuronal activity is coordinated by a network formed by gap junction–linked astrocytes. The image shows bursting activity in a hippocampal slice from a wild-type mouse. [Image: Elena Dossi (Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France)]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_410.txt,ave_2,9_410.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_3.png,B,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,vith,16_4.txt,"Electronic motion up close
Charge density waves are wave-like patterns in a material’s electron density that can behave collectively. Shaoxiang Sheng et al. show a direct real-space observation of these collective dynamics at the atomic scale in the transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-NbSe2. Their technique utilizes a terahertz pulse that is enhanced at the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope to excite oscillations of the charge density wave that vary in magnitude and frequency on the scale of individual atomic impurities. Measuring the current through the tip reveals overlapping phase excitations originating from randomly distributed atomic defects in the surface and creates a spatially structured response of the charge density wave.
See Shaoxiang Sheng et al.
Image: Kurt Lichtenberg, University of Stuttgart. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"Odd viscosity
A chiral fluid comprising spinning colloidal magnets exhibits macroscopic dynamics reminiscent of the free surface flows of Newtonian fluids, together with unique features suggestive of Hall—or odd—viscosity.
See Irvine et al.
Image: Vishal Soni, Ephraim Bililign, Sofia Magkiriadou, University of Chicago. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_2.txt,vitg,15_2.txt,"Controlled turbulence
Turbulence is generated using vortex rings as building blocks in a quiescent environment.
See Matsuzawa et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Takumi Matsuzawa, IrvineLab, University of Chicago. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/19_5.txt,clip,19_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_9.png,D,"Our April issue includes articles on circadian rhythms and exercise, innervation of adipose tissue, enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones and the function of motilin.
Pancreatic islet image supplied by Shih-Jung Peng and Shiue-Cheng Tang at Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/15_9.txt,vitg,15_9.txt,"The ageing thyroid, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.txt,clip,20_12.txt,"COVER: Modelling endometrial diseases, inspired by the Review on p727.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_1.txt,vith,18_1.txt,"How to manage iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency, inspired by the Review on p209.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_7.png,A,"On the cover: Illustration showing simulations of tumor growth arranged as the two
strands of a DNA helix, shattered by the emblematic double strand break induced by
PARP inhibitors. The simulations (strands) compare two adaptive strategies: as the
tumor responds and regrows under treatment (blue lines), doses are either modulated
or skipped (shading and bars, with some artistic liberties). In this issue of Cell Systems, Strobl et al. integrate real-time microscopy and mathematical modeling to investigate whether adaptive
therapy, which dynamically tailors treatment to the tumor dynamics, could help to
reduce cumulative PARP inhibitor use to reduce toxicity. Image credit: Kit Gallagher
and the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_7.txt,groundtruth,15_7.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,vith,10_3.txt,"On the cover: The two-dimensional representation of protein sequence space learned
by a recurrent geometric network, a deep learning model that predicts protein structure
directly from sequence. Contours correspond to different protein folds as they are
organized inside the model's internal representation. In this issue of Cell Systems, Mohammed AlQuraishi (292–301) introduces and benchmarks this approach to machine
learning protein structure.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_3.txt,ave_1,8_3.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_5.png,A,"Pinpoint doping for polymers
The cover shows an atomic force microscopy image of nanoscale doped plastic polymers achieved through precise electrochemical ion implantation.
See Lanyi Xiang et al.
Image: Chong-an Di, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_5.txt,groundtruth,19_5.txt,"Superlubricity occurs when friction between two sliding surfaces almost vanishes. This phenomenon has been observed so far only for small specimens that are a few micrometres wide at most. Yingying Zhang and colleagues have now observed superlubricity between centimetre-long concentric carbon nanotubes (schematically shown on the cover), which was made possible by a synthesis method that allows the production of pure carbon nanotubes that are several centimetres long.
Letter p912; News & Views p893
IMAGE: FEI WEI
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"Lasing from bulk nanocrystals
The image depicts surface-emitting lasers consisting of a bulk nanocrystal layer covered by a 2D photonic crystal grating.
See Geiregat
Image: Ivo Tanghe, Ghent University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_1.txt,vitg,18_1.txt,"Plasmonics with nanocrystals.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Tao  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_6.txt,ave_1,2_6.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_9.png,D,"Barbara McClintock once said “With the tools and the knowledge, I could turn a developing
snail's egg into an elephant. It is not so much a matter of chemicals because snails
and elephants do not differ that much; it is a matter of timing the action of genes.”
This Focus issue of Trends in Genetics delves into studies aimed at understanding
gene regulation from a network perspective and looks at how regulatory mechanisms
emerge and evolve over time. The goal of this work is to develop a deeper understanding
of the gene circuits that govern all cellular processes. Cover image from iStock/aleksandarvelasevic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/30_8.txt,vith,30_8.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,"In this issue: Genomic resources and profound ecological knowledge
make Littorina snails useful models for speciation studies. Ecotypes and closely related
species adapted to different rocky-shore environments form hybrid zones where
reproductive isolation can be investigated. In this issue, Kerstin Johannesson and
co-authors
show that evolution of reproductive isolation can take different paths and is best
analysed using multi-dimensional frameworks. Contrary to expectations they suggest
that ecotype formation rarely leads to new species and that chromosomal inversions
play a greater role in local adaptation than in completion of reproductive isolation.
Illustration by Patrik Larsson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_9.txt,groundtruth,40_9.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_10.png,D,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,clip,2020_7.txt,"Modern chemistry programs must include the skills and techniques that enable their graduates to perform experiments safely. In response to a call for papers, scientists and educators from around the world have contributed articles to the Journal of Chemical Education's Special Issue on Chemical Safety Education: Methods, Culture, and Green Chemistry. The articles in the issue are broadly distributed among topics covering resources, green chemistry, safety culture, and pedagogy. This issue is a resource for ideas and discussion to encourage ""a new way to look at safety"", with a focus on assessing hazards, minimizing risk, and valuing a strong chemical safety culture. (Cover image courtesy of Jane E. Wissinger.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_12.txt,ave_2,2021_12.txt,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,ave_3,2014_12.txt,"With resurgent lunar exploration and expansion of the commercial space sector, serious scholarship, planning, and resources have focused on extracting and using lunar materials to sustain activity in space. In ""Lunar Resource Harvesting and Manufacturing: Rich Content for the Chemistry Classroom"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01381), Joshua D. Kittle, Michael W. Duff, and John M. Engesser use this engaging, interdisciplinary, space-oriented topic to excite and inspire chemistry students, while reinforcing general chemistry concepts. (Image of moon courtesy of NASA. Image from NASA Moon Mineralogy Mapper showing water detected at high latitudes courtesy of ISRO/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Brown Univ./USGS.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_10.txt,groundtruth,2021_10.txt,test
Nature Mental Health,2_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_5.png,D,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,groundtruth,2_5.txt,val
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_4.png,B,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this month’s issue of Cell Reports Physical Science summarizes the research of Li et al. on the preparation of multiscale hydrogels. The background represents a hydrogel’s
macroporous structure, which provides space for cells. The hydrogel (upper left) affects
mesenchymal stem-cell fate with local stiffness-enhancing structures (lower left)
and promotes bone regeneration (bottom right). This research has promising applications,
such as the possibility to be used as a 3D printing ink (upper right). The cover was
produced by Zhibao Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_12.png,C,"On the cover: To holistically describe and comprehensively characterize cancer cells
and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, Bagaev et al. (pp. 845–865) analyzed transcriptomes
of over 10,000 cancer patients. This led to the identification of four distinct subtypes
of tumor microenvironment that are conserved across 20 different cancers. These four
subtypes, depicted in the cover, are strongly associated with prognosis and response
to immunotherapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_7.txt,vitg,39_7.txt,"On the cover: Cancers sharing the same clinical diagnosis often harbor striking differences
at the molecular level. Such is the case for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
A careful examination of different DLBCL molecular subsets reveals distinct metabolic
signatures. Depicted here is a close-up of an “OxPhos” cancer cell with pink mitochondria
visible below the plasma membrane. Callouts in gray highlight the integrated approach
used to reveal differences in carbon utilization, mitochondrial proteome, fatty acid
oxidation, and glutathione levels in this DLBCL subtype. See Caro et al., pp. 547–560.
Cover credit: Benjamin Szlyk and Illana Stanley.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/22_3.txt,vith,22_3.txt,"On the cover: Routy et al. review the microbiota research in the context of melanoma. The cover image demonstrates
the interplay between melanoma cancer cells and microbiota visually. An intricate
network of lines creates connections that symbolize the link between intestinal bacteria
and melanoma, highlighting the recent research included in the content, visually showcasing
the intricate relationship between the two. Image credit: Simon Rohlen, known as KEF!.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"On the cover: From Dangaj and Coukos et al. (pp. 885–900), cold tumors (ice floe side)
are characterized by low chemokine CCL5 expression and are immune desert. By contrast,
hot tumors (tropical side) express high levels of CCL5 and CXCL9, which cooperate
to recruit tumor-reactive T cells rendering the tumor microenvironment immunologically
fertile.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/35_1.txt,clip,35_1.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.png,A,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,clip,10_12.txt,"This month Nature Medicine features a collection of articles focusing on regenerative medicine (pp 814–880). Cover image: ""My Life as a Hill"" by Pamela Goode",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_5.txt,ave_3,20_5.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vitg,25_12.txt,test
Structure,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_3.png,A,"On the cover: Synaptotagmin-1 C2A and C2B domains bind to model lipid bilayers mimicking
the synaptic plasma membrane (C2B) and the synaptic vesicle membrane (C2A). A native
mass spectrum of Synaptotagmin-1 binding to DOPS at different stoichiometries is shown
below the plasma membrane plane. Bender et al. combined native mass spectrometry and protein-lipid binding assays with molecular
dynamics simulations to investigate the lipid preferences of the two Synaptotagmin-1
C2 domains. Image credit: Julian Bender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure’s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Huo et al. (pp. 1270–1279) combined X-ray crystallography
and electron microscopy to get the complete high-resolution open structure of group
II chaperonin from Acidianus tengchongensis strain S5 and elucidated the detailed
conformational changes from open to closed state. The cover shows two electron microscopy
(EM) maps positioned at the corner, with wall and floor covered in an image of the
projection-matching figure of single particle analysis. Crystal structures of group
II chaperonins subunits are fitted into the negative-stained EM map (yellow, close
state) and the cryoEM map (green, open state), respectively. The conformational changes
of domain rotation and subunit movement from open to closed state are depicted by
the intermediate conformational states of subunits from green, cyan, blue, magenta,
and red to yellow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_99,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_99.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Sugarcoated Vaccine. This month's cover illustration depicts the trimeric pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) found in an engineered nanoparticle vaccine construct. Swanson et al. describe the synthesis and preclinical testing of an RSV vaccine candidate consisting of eight of these pre-F spikes attached to a ferritin core. The magenta-colored branched glycans engineered onto the protein surface shield poorly neutralizing epitopes on pre-F, allowing antibody responses to focus instead on the known neutralizing epitopes indicated by red patches. [CREDIT: K. SWANSON ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_47.txt,vitg,5_47.txt,"ONLINE COVER Turning Anti–PD-1 on Its Head. This month's cover illustration is a 3D rendition of pembrolizumab, one of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against human PD-1 being used for cancer immunotherapy. Based on results with a new conditional allele of the Pdcd1 gene in mice, Strauss et al. report that PD-1 expression on both myeloid and T cells is relevant to the immune stimulatory effects of anti–PD-1. A Focus commentary by Rudd  discusses the findings of Strauss et al. The illustration was created with NGL Viewer using x-ray crystallography data deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank. [CREDIT: PDB 5DK3]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_43.txt,vith,5_43.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER IgE Plasma Cells Are Cut from a Different Cloth. Immunoglobulin E–producing plasma cells (IgE PCs) are key players in allergic reactions and are an attractive target for the treatment of allergic diseases. A deeper understanding of IgE PC phenotypic and transcriptional profiles is needed, however. Vecchione et al. characterized IgE PCs from mice exposed to house dust mite allergen. IgE PCs were transcriptionally and phenotypically different from PCs producing other immunoglobulin isotypes, with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress due to higher levels of antibody production. IgE PCs in the lung-draining lymph node (dLN) and bone marrow (BM) showed distinct transcriptional profiles: The relatively short-lived IgE dLN PCs expressed genes indicative of recent class switching, whereas BM PCs were enriched for genes involved in survival and BM homing. This month’s cover illustration depicts plasma cells secreting a profusion of allergy-driving IgE antibodies. Credit: Noelle Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_99.txt,groundtruth,9_99.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.png,C,"Targeting neutrophils, inspired by the Review on p253.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_9.txt,vitg,19_9.txt,"Immune targets for antidepressants, inspired by the Review on p224.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_10.txt,clip,21_10.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"Deuterium in drug discovery, inspired by the Review onp562.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_6.txt,vith,22_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.png,A,"Alternatives for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens, inspired by the Review on p262.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.txt,groundtruth,22_8.txt,"Machine learning for microbiologists, inspired by the Review on p191.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_9.txt,vith,22_9.txt,"Bacterial biofilms, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_3.txt,vitg,20_3.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology.
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_88,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_88.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots in the Wild. Robots have been successfully deployed in a wide range of domains–including land, sea, air, and space–for a variety of applications such as search and rescue, oceanography, wildlife surveys, and space exploration. In this issue, Zhou et al. have developed a trajectory planner for swarms of micro drones that can be implemented using only an onboard computer. Their planner computes trajectories based on limited information from the drone's onboard sensors to enable collision-free flight in cluttered environments in the wild. This month's cover is a photo illustration of a swarm of micro-drones flying through a forest (see also the Focus by Soria).  Credit: Zhou et al./Zhejiang University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_66.txt,ave_3,7_66.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER From the Tip Leveraging the flexibility that is possible when using soft materials, Hawkes et al. used pneumatics to extend the tip of a robot over an extended distance. They inflated chambers on only one side of the robot to make it turn. An onboard camera connected to a feedback loop allowed the robot to track toward a distant light source. [CREDIT: LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/2_8.txt,vitg,2_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER Snake-Like Robot—A Robot for Autonomous Navigation and Exploration of Icy Terrain. Vaquero et al. report on a snake-like robot, Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor (EELS), that was developed to autonomously explore icy moons such as Enceladus. EELS has a perception head containing sensors and cameras for detection of its surroundings, as well as screw-like segments that generate forward and backward motion horizontally on icy surfaces and vertically within ice vents. The robot was capable of autonomous motion planning and risk awareness. This month’s cover is an image of EELS being tested on Athabasca Glacier in Alberta, Canada. Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_88.txt,groundtruth,9_88.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_21.png,C,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,This research utilizes phytochemical nanoparticles loaded on 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for the treatment of critical bone defects.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,train
Matter,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_4.png,C,"On the cover: As reported by Y.S. Zhang and colleagues in this issue of Matter, a cryobioprinting method is optimized for fabricating freeform storable tissue constructs
with shelf availability by taking advantage of the designed cryoprotective bioinks
to maintain the functionality of embedded cells during the cryobioprinting and cryostorage
processes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_11.txt,clip,5_11.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover from Hsu and colleagues depicts a red-colored biomaterials film wrapped in a spiral pattern to look like
a rose, sitting in a menstrual cup. The work describes the development of an eco-friendly,
blood-absorbent biomaterial that improves the performance of menstrual products by
minimizing blood leakage and spilling while also helping to prevent infection. The
stark cover counters the stigma of thinking or studying menstruation, using advanced
functional materials for innovative solutions. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a
special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers.
We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting
rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake,
decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt,ave_1,3_5.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_4.png,A,"Dispersion control
In their work, L. Robert Baker and colleagues investigate the effects of molecular dispersion of a heterogenized cobalt phthalocyanine on the rate and product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Elad Gross and Hadar Shema, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Deactivation into single atoms
By controlling the loading of metal nanoparticles in supported catalysts using colloidal nanocrystals, Cargnello and co-workers report a deactivation mechanism in combustion catalysts that occurs by particle decomposition into inactive single atoms rather than by particle growth. This deactivation process is fast, but is mitigated by the use of higher metal loadings, showing that, for certain reactions, higher particle densities lead to more stable catalysts.
See Goodman et al.
Image: Greg Stewart (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_4.txt,vith,2_4.txt,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,vitg,2_2.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_26,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_26.png,D,"This cover image demonstrates the critical role of the solvent in the ion motion of intrinsically anionic metal–organic framework (MOF)-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs). Using hybrid theoretical and experimental approaches, we have identified solvent-assisted hopping as the dominant pathway for Li+ conduction in such materials, exemplified by MOF-688.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_22.txt,vitg,2022_22.txt,"The cover illustrates a rationally designed and synthesized stable, nickel foam-supported, {–210} high-index facet-rich Ni3S2 nanosheet array, dubbed Ni3S2/NF, in action as a highly active, binder-free, bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the hydrogen evolution and the oxygen evolution reactions. See Asefa and co-workers, p 14023. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_8.txt,vith,2015_8.txt,Light promotes electrons in certain positions of a three-dimensional covalent organic framework into collective excited states. Cover art by Alfy Benny.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_16.txt,clip,2022_16.txt,"A dataset of high-quality band gaps for perovskite materials is first generated through an advanced electronic structure method and then used to develop a simple but accurate band-gap model through artificial intelligence. This enables a search across large databases, leading to the identification of promising halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_26.txt,groundtruth,2024_26.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_3.png,D,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,vitg,11_1.txt,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,vith,26_4.txt,"Organelles
Isolating intact mitochondria from specific cells shows that the Caenorhabditis elegans germline propagates deleterious mitochondrial genomes.
See Ahier et al.
Image: Nick Valmas and Steven Zuryn, University of Queensland. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_10.txt,clip,20_10.txt,"Heritable amyloids
Protein amyloid structures are stably inherited across generations and transmit epigenetic memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of MSTR, a regulator of the amyloid-like structures, results in a transgenerational feminization phenotype.
See Eroglu et al.
Image: Matthew Eroglu, SickKids Hospital & University of Toronto. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_3.txt,groundtruth,26_3.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_5.png,D,"Electrons in a fractal
Electrons are confined to an artificial Sierpiński triangle. Microscopy measurements show that their wavefunctions become self-similar and their quantum properties inherit a non-integer dimension between 1 and 2.
See Morais-Smith et al.
Image: Marlou Slot, Utrecht University. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_11.txt,clip,15_11.txt,"Two-state cell migration
Two-state micropatterns offer a unique platform to study cell migration. An equation of motion is inferred from a large ensemble of trajectories, revealing key differences in the nonlinear dynamics of healthy and cancerous cells.
See Broedersz et al.
Image: Christoph Hohman, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM). Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_7.txt,vitg,15_7.txt,"Charge on the bouncing barrier
In our understanding of planetary formation, it is still unclear how millimetre-sized dust grains grow into centimetre-sized aggregates. Microgravity experiments now show that electrical charging of the grains leads to the formation of larger clumps.
See Steinpilz et al.
Image: Tobias Steinpilz. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_11.txt,vith,16_11.txt,"Active holes break multicellular bridges
The formation of holes in epithelial tissue is important for development but can also lead to problems, including cancer, if the process does not work smoothly. Jian-Qing Lv and collaborators have tracked the nucleation, coalescence, and eventual formation of a network of holes in monolayer epithelioid tissues. In particular, they found a fracture–slip mechanism that takes place during hole coalescence and enables the breaking of multicellular bridges without deforming cells too strongly. These results show that the mechanics of living tissues are coordinated across multiple length scales so that holes can form with minimal risk of mechanical damage.
See Jian-Qing Lv et al.
Image: Jian-Qing Lv, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,val
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.png,C,"Reaching out
The cover image of our first issue is a wool artwork entitled ‘Reach’, created by contemporary British artist Sarah Vaci. Reflecting the originality and courage of the artwork, Nature Cardiovascular Research aims to bring together the cardiovascular and blood community, and promote, champion and disseminate inspiring, thought-provoking and original research.
Image: Sarah Vaci. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,groundtruth,3_7.txt,"Collateral arteries of the heart
The figure adapted from Anbazhakan et al. represents imaging (black and white), hemodynamic forces (magenta), and collateral artery tracing (cyan) in a cohesive collage. The use of a collage symbolizes the interdisciplinary nature of this work.
See Anbazhakan et al. and News & Views by Mayerich and Wythe
Image: Suhaas Anbazhakan and Pamela E. Rios Coronado. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_10.png,A,"Point-of-care monitoring
A miniaturized ultrasonic system can provide full-body monitoring and diagnosis. Lin et al. engineer a soft, wireless ultrasound device to measure deep body signals in moving subjects, offering a hands-free solution for continuous, comprehensive health tracking at the point of care.
See Lin et al.
Image: Muyang Lin, University of California San Diego. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,"Focus on wearable sensors
Wearable sensors are evolving to provide accurate, continuous and wireless monitoring of our health and disease states. Using designs and materials that interface seamlessly with skin, accessing a range of bodily fluids with minimally invasive systems, and measuring analytes that inform on human physiology, wearable devices are poised to provide data resources for research and clinical applications.
See In this issue
Image: J. Rogers, Northwestern University. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/37_9.txt,vitg,37_9.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,clip,34_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,ave_0,29_10.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.png,C,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,ave_3,4_3.txt,val
Organometallics,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_2.png,D,What is the application? Consider how organometallic expertise can be extended to determine and realize new translational research opportunities. The diverse applications of organometallic chemistry featured in this Special Issue continue to inspire creative directions and novel approaches within the discipline.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_5.txt,ave_1,2024_5.txt,"Sustainable Organometallic Chemistry is important to develop new processes that are less dependent on finite natural resources. This Special Issue focuses on various approaches to replace nonsustainable chemical reagents with more sustainable alternatives. The cover art depicts some of the ingredients that are needed to make a fully sustainable organometallic reaction: earth-abundant metals, green ligands, sustainable solvents, and abundant starting materials. The molecules shown originate from the work featured in this Special Issue. The cover art was designed by Kathrin H. Hopmann and Jennifer V. Obligacion, with technical assistance from Jeff H. Ward.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2022_11.txt,vith,2022_11.txt,The future is shining bright for organometallics. This special issue shines light on photo-active organometallic complexes and their applications as photoredox catalysts.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,"This cover art is a concise and retro-artistic representation of our research, a synthesis using high-pressure nitrogen. In this work, we have succeeded for the first time in analyzing the single crystal structure of a dinitrogen complex, [Cr(PCy3)2(CO)3(N2)], which has been known for a long time. We also revealed the very interesting property of disorder of the nitrogen and carbonyl ligands in the crystal by polarized infrared spectroscopy. The cover art was designed by Shinya Takaishi and created by using Open AI DALL-E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.png,C,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.txt,ave_3,23_2.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,vitg,22_1.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,"Microbial food spoilage, inspired by the Review on p528.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_4.txt,clip,22_4.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/7_1.png,D,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Over the past decade, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been employed extensively
to speed up the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of molecules and materials.
This Special Issue highlights key areas where machine learning has made, and will
continue to make, a positive impact on molecular and materials research. One prime
example is the application of MLAs in homogeneous catalysis. On pages 96-110 of this
Special Issue, Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues unveil their vision for the future of machine
learning in homogeneous catalyst design by highlighting emerging technologies and
methods that are likely to have a lasting impact on the field. By closing the loop
of machine learning guided experiment design and autonomous experimentation, new catalysts
can be designed at an unprecedented pace. Image credit: the Aspuru-Guzik group (University
of Toronto). Created by: Gabriel dos Passos Gomes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_12.txt,vith,3_12.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.png,A,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,groundtruth,23_7.txt,"Evolution of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_7.txt,vitg,22_7.txt,"Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors, inspired by the Review on p175.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_10.txt,vith,23_10.txt,"Delivering genome editors, inspired by the Review on p875.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_2.txt,clip,22_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_7.png,A,"Kidney-targeted nanomedicines, inspired by the Review on p354.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"Unlocking tissue-specific T cell responses, inspired by the Review on p209.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_9.txt,clip,18_9.txt,"Endothelial cell metabolism, inspired by the Review on p441.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_6.txt,vith,17_6.txt,"COVER: The intracellular complement system, inspired by the Review on p426.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_12.png,A,ᴅ-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging. [18F]FDG PET offers a quantitative and translational neuroimaging method to explore the CNS effects of candidate drugs for smoking cessation therapy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2025_2.png,B,Read the recent Collection on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,"This Special Issue entitled “3D Printing Technologies for Environmental and Water Applications” highlights the diverse applications of 3D printing technologies in environmental sectors. Owing to their exceptional efficiency, flexible structures, and ease of recovery, 3D-printed catalysts hold significant potential for addressing practical challenges in real-world water environments. The cover artwork was created using OpenAI.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,vith,2021_12.txt,Predicting daily discharge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using a machine learning model supported by meteorological and population migration big data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_1.png,A,"Human Cell Atlas
In this issue, multiple studies from the Human Cell Atlas report findings from human single-cell and spatial genomics datasets of vascular cells, healthy female breast tissues, placentas, and lung tissues from people with fatal COVID-19. The cover depicts these data projected onto a multifaceted lantern. The shapes and colors indicate the myriad cell states in the human body in different organs and tissues, and the diversity of the human population, with unfinished areas representing data still yet to be explored.
See Barnett et al., Bhat-Nakshatri et al., Ounadjela et al. and Nyirenda et al.
Image: Dinithi Sumanaweera, University of Cambridge, and Su Min Suh, SciStories. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_1.txt,groundtruth,30_1.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,ave_1,10_12.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_3.png,C,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,The superior sensitivity and specificity of qPCR allow for the quantification of algal genera and the discovery of algae response to reservoir characteristics that traditional microscopy methods could not easily detect.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_9.png,B,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vitg,6_1.txt,"Piecing together the puzzle of breast cancer
Multi-omics analyses of breast tumor samples from Chinese patients add more pieces to the puzzle of breast cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Qin-Xin Wang. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"Multiomics of metastatic breast cancer from the AURORA US Network
The AURORA US Metastasis Project presents a multiplatform resource of paired primary and metastatic breast cancers, to deepen insights into the molecular underpinnings of metastasis.
See Garcia-Recio et al.
Image: Sara Winter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_12.txt,ave_3,4_12.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_2.png,A,"Sculpting the brain during pregnancy
In this issue, Pritschet and colleagues offer a detailed map of a female human brain across gestation. Pronounced changes in gray and white matter demonstrate the brain’s capacity for extensive remodeling well into adulthood, paralleling the steep rise in hormone production. Reminiscent of sculpting marble, pregnancy is a transformative period of honing and refinement within the brain.
See Pritschet et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio . Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_2.txt,groundtruth,27_2.txt,"Mothers’ neuroplasticity at peripartum and childbirth.
During gestation, childbirth, and the postpartum period, dynamic cortical plasticity occurs in mothers’ brains. Paternina-Die, Martínez-García et al. show decreased cortical thickness during pregnancy, which attenuates after birth. In the cover image, the mantle enveloping the mother with child symbolizes the cortical mantle, and the shape of the woman’s brain resembles a baby, serving as a metaphor for the maternal brain. The pixelation overlaying the baby and the background recreates the MRI voxels. The central figure in the image portrays Dr Paternina-Die, who herself became a first-time mother during the completion of this study.
See Paternina-Die, Martínez-García, et al.
Image and cover design: Susana Carmona. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_11.txt,clip,27_11.txt,"The cover art illustrates the human brain, with magma erupting from its core to represent a computational tool, H-MAGMA, that identifies molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders by leveraging chromatin architecture in the brain.
Image credit: Erika Deoudes Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/23_9.txt,ave_3,23_9.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_9.png,C,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,vitg,11_1.txt,"Organelles
Isolating intact mitochondria from specific cells shows that the Caenorhabditis elegans germline propagates deleterious mitochondrial genomes.
See Ahier et al.
Image: Nick Valmas and Steven Zuryn, University of Queensland. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_10.txt,clip,20_10.txt,"Hydrostatic pressure in development
Hydrostatic pressure regulates embryonic competence in the developing neural crest.
See Alasaadi et al.
Image: Julien Marcetteau. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_9.txt,groundtruth,26_9.txt,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,vith,26_4.txt,val
Nature Cities,1_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_11.png,B,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,ave_3,1_10.txt,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,groundtruth,1_11.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_1.png,D,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"Climate change and CVD, inspired by the Review on p798.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_1.txt,ave_2,19_1.txt,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,"Cardiac health and disease in Latin America and Africa, inspired by the Review on p849.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,train
Med,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_4.png,C,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the cover: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in biomedical
research, showcasing its transformative potential in driving innovation within drug
development. In this issue of Med, Zhang et al. review the significant advancements in AI-assisted drug development, focusing on
small molecules, RNA, and antibodies. The review highlights the challenge in obtaining
approval for AI-conceived drugs and proposes leveraging large language models and
diffusion models as solutions. The cover image captures two AI robots analyzing AI-generated
drugs in a clinical environment, symbolizing AI's transformative impact on drug discovery,
development, and clinical trials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_8.png,B,"‘Taking discussion online’ inspired by the Comment on p1.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_12.txt,clip,22_12.txt,"‘The language network’, inspired by the Review on p289.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,"‘Social signalling’, inspired by the Review on p761
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_1.txt,vith,24_1.txt,"‘Decoding speech’, inspired by the Review on p473.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_7.png,A,"Reconstructing the origins of Chinese dialects
The relative contribution of demographic versus cultural diffusion to the evolution of Han Chinese dialects has been unclear. By digitizing a large lexical dataset of Chinese dialects and comparing it to genetic profiles, Yang et al. reveal a hybrid model of language diffusion that consists of both population migrations and social learning across different regions of China.
See Yang et al. See also News & Views by Xu & Wang
Image: Menghan Zhang and Chengkun Yang from Fudan University, Kai Li and Valentine He from Kehuitang Art studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Genes, geography and social class
There are large regional inequalities in wealth and educational attainment within Great Britain. New research shows that these regional inequalities have a genetic component that is becoming stronger over time.
See Abdellaoui et al.
Cover image: Chris Luigjes, University of Amsterdam. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/3_1.txt,vith,3_1.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,ave_1,4_8.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.png,C,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This research shows the high efficacy of wet ball milling for modifying rice starch structure and pasting behavior, which is insightful for designing cost-effective mechanical processes for rice starch-based foods.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_8.txt,vith,2021_8.txt,"The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Optimizing brewing conditions to enhance probiotic viability in beer: Twenty-one lactic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic properties were tested for resilience against ethanol and hops, with certain strains thriving in Gueuze-style sour beer. Findings indicate that alternative methods are required to support probiotic viability in hopped beers. This cover image was created using Canva AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.png,D,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"Springing into action
Preventing freezing droplet accretion on surfaces is of practical importance, yet challenging. Now, Zuankai Wang and co-workers report a rationally designed structured elastic surface with spring-like pillars and wetting contrast, which can leverage the water volume expansion during the freezing process to drive the spontaneous ejection of freezing water droplets, irrespective of their impacting locations. The cover image shows a render of two ice droplets on the structured elastic surface, one of which has been ejected from a spring that was compressed temporarily due to freezing.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Ltd. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,groundtruth,1_4.txt,test
Nature Chemical Biology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.png,D,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,"Metabolic mixology
Using cell-free protein synthesis and combinatorial pathway assembly in vitro, the iPROBE approach enables rapid generation and screening of engineered biosynthetic pathway ‘cocktails’ to identify and optimize high-performing combinations.
See Karim et al.
IMAGE: Justin Muir. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_5.txt,vitg,16_5.txt,"The development of model organisms such as zebrafish and worms progresses from a single cell to the formation of defined tissues and organs. A collection of Commentary, Perspective and Review articles in this issue describe new advances in exploiting the intersection between developmental processes and chemical biology. The cover image depicts the fate mapping of cellular lineages using different fluorescent dyes in a zebrafish embryo (top, colored in red), a Caenorhabditis elegans embryo (middle, colored in brown) and a mouse embryo (bottom, colored in green) at four distinct stages. The stem cells isolated from the mouse blastocyst are cultured and differentiated into neurons. Cover art by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_7.txt,ave_0,13_7.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_7.png,C,Zhao-Wu Tian Festschrift Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2024_50.txt,clip,2024_50.txt,),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 5919–5926. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,Women Scientists in China Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2024_29.txt,vith,2024_29.txt,val
ACS Photonics,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_12.png,C,"In the work highlighted on the cover, Gong and Leite demonstrate how alloying of Ag, Au, and Cu can lead to a material with an optical response not achievable by the corresponding pure metals. This approach paves the way to implement metallic materials with on-demand optical responses for nanophotonic devices, overcoming the current limitation of the predetermined dielectric functions of noble metals. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00586. Image courtesy of Marina Leite and Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_9.txt,vith,2016_9.txt,. The cover is a collage of artwork associated with publications in this special issue. Top left: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01375,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,"A pump pulse is used to drive lattice vibration, and a probe pulse accompanied by a reference pulse is used to probe the vibration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The cover illustrates thin, mechanically flexible opto-fluidic fluorescence sensors based on heterogeneously integrated microscale vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (micro-VCSELs) and silicon photodiodes (Si-PDs) on plastics. Lithographically defined optical isolation trenches and multilayer-based wavelength- and angle-selective spectral filters effectively blocked the excitation light to the Si-PD to significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and detection limit. The large-area, optoelectronic fluorescence sensors with monolithically integrated elastomeric fluidic channels on a flexible substrate enabled multiplexed sensing of fluorescent analytes in a real-time, continuous manner. See DOI:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00080. Image courtesy of Jongseung Yoon and Dongseok Kang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_7.txt,vitg,2016_7.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_11.png,C,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,vith,2020_8.txt,"for clinical decision support. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13,  210–222.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2017_9.txt,ave_2,2017_9.txt,"In ionic conductors, a temperature gradient can induce a charge flow. This effect is of paramount importance in energy storage and conversion. We propose a new numerical method for the evaluation of the thermo-electric transport coefficient via Bayesian regression. The image was generated using the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_384,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_384.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week, Baumgartner et al. show that genetic activation of the cytokine receptor subunit gp130 in T cells generates a new mouse model of multisystem autoimmunity driven by STAT3 signaling. The image shows inflammation in a skin sample from the mice.  Image: Baumgartner et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_824.txt,vith,17_824.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a technique by which cells can be engineered to bind to apoptotic cells and then internalize them, thus making nonphagocytic cells become phagocytic. The image depicts the engulfment of apoptotic cells (pink) by an engineered phagocytic cell (blue). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_334.txt,vitg,7_334.txt,COVER This week features a Protocol that describes software used to explore how polarization in membrane lipids occurs in response to chemotactic stimuli. The image depicts the simulated PIP3 concentration when a cell is experiencing chemotactic stimuli from two point sources at opposing poles.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_378.txt,clip,2007_378.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue contains an Editorial Guide on modulation of the immune response, as well as four Perspectives. The image depicts resolution of an inflammatory response. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_384.txt,groundtruth,2007_384.txt,val
Nature Plants,10_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_3.png,D,"Braving the light
Plants prioritize growth over defence when faced with strong competition from neighbours. Far-red radiation, a signal of neighbour proximity, triggers the transcription of a sulfotransferase gene that inactivates jasmonate signalling and promotes shade avoidance at the expense of defence.
See Fernández-Milmanda, G. L. et al.
Image: Miriam M. Izaguirre. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_10.txt,vitg,6_10.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Retaining network resilience through evolution
Plant regulatory networks adapt to abiotic stresses such as salt conditions. Comparing the gene regulatory networks in Arabidopsis and Marchantia shows what is kept and what is lost over the evolutionary history of land plants.
SeeWu, T.-Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_7.txt,vith,7_7.txt,"Rubisco as a pyruvate source
The Arabidopsis cue1-1 mutant lacks the main phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) translocator and consequently displays a reticulated phenotype due to a deficiency in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. It was instrumental in demonstrating that chloroplast terpenoid biosynthesis obtains its pyruvate from rubisco rather than PEP import.
See Evans, S. E. et al.
Image: Michael A. Phillips, University of Toronto – Mississauga, Canada.Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_3.txt,groundtruth,10_3.txt,train
Joule,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_9.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module
(f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability
of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL
effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property,
greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables
a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit
: Da Seul Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_8.txt,vitg,8_8.txt,"On the Cover: The prevailing perovskite solar cells employ Pb-based organic-inorganic
halide perovskites as light absorbers, raising concerns regarding their inevitable
toxicity and instability. In this issue of Joule, Chen, Zhou, Padture, et al. (pp. 558–570) utilize the nontoxic and earth-abundant
element Ti to replace Pb in making planar-heterojunction solar cells with Cs2TiBr6 perovskite. In the cover image, the green Ti atoms flow into the crystal structures
to replace toxic Pb atoms, creating vacancy-ordered double perovskites. Such solar
cells show stable efficiency and high open-circuit voltage (>1 V), which can be used
to generate electricity from sunlight. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_10.txt,ave_1,2_10.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. introduce a multifunctional cross-linkable elastomer into perovskite films, revolutionizing
the development of highly efficient and mechanically resilient flexible perovskite
solar cells (f-PSCs). The zwitterionic fusion within the cross-linked elastomers,
residing on grain boundaries, endows the flexible perovskite films with an instantaneous
self-curing ability under mild treatment conditions. This proposed method is expected
to promote the progress of f-PSCs toward industrialization. Designed by Yaohua Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_3.png,D,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,"Focus on reproductive aging
Reproductive aging is an important determinant of fertility span and overall health and wellbeing in older age. In this issue, Nature Aging presents a series of reviews and opinion pieces on recent advances and future directions in reproductive aging research. The cover image shows seasonally colored trees — a springtime tree in green, and autumn trees in brilliant yellow and red — that represent different stages of reproductive physiology in aging.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_1.txt,vith,4_1.txt,"Plant-based dietary patterns and mortality in China
In this issue, an epidemiological study by Chen and colleagues looked at associations between plant-based dietary patterns and mortality risk in a large sample of older adults, aged 65 and above, in China. They found that not all categories of plant foods were associated with a decreased risk of mortality. Our cover image depicting wooden chopsticks holding a leafy green makes reference to East Asian culinary culture.
See Chen et al. and the accompanying Research Briefing
Cover image: ViewStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_10.txt,vitg,2_10.txt,"Better diets for planetary and cognitive health
In this issue, Gonçalves et al use longitudinal data from the ELSA-Brasil study to explore how adherence to the planetary health diet is linked to protection against cognitive decline, but with income as a modifier. The cover image shows a selection of fresh food that reflects the sustainable, plant-forward diet guidelines.
See Gonçalves et al.
Image: Adehoidar/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_8.png,B,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,"Microvascular obstruction in the coronary tree, inspired by the Review on p283.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,"Use of AI for imaging of coronary atherosclerosis, inspired by the Roadmap on p51.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"Cardiovascular involvement in long COVID, inspired by the Review on p314.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_8.txt,vith,19_8.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_1.png,C,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,"The gas separation (CO2 and methane) by a polymeric membrane with xanthene units and phenyl functional groups is shown. The circle shows the application of the modified membranes in electrochemical devices (fuel cells). The image background  was created with Canvas, and the combustion cell was created with Gemini (Google).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"A critical component in fuel cells, anion conductive membrane (AEM), determines their efficiency and working lifespan. Hyperbranched AEMs, bearing clustered positively charged functional groups, have superior self-assembly behavior and possess the tendency to form well-interconnected anion transport channels. However, the weak chain entanglement in hyperbranched polymer makes it hard to form free-standing membranes. To address this challenge, we implemented flexible segments to strengthen the chain entanglement and fabricated a free-standing polystyrene based hyperbranched membrane. After quaternization, a robust, chemically stable, and highly conductive AEM was acquired. The results may open up a new avenue for improving anion conductivity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2019_12.txt,vith,2019_12.txt,test
Precision Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.png,B,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,ave_2,2023_7.txt,"Unlocking new frontiers in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring, AI-integrated single-molecule bioelectronic sensors, including nanogapped electrodes and nanopores, deliver unprecedented precision, efficiency, and profound insights into complex biological processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.png,C,"Geographical variation in vaccine responses, inspired by the Review on p250.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_9.txt,ave_3,24_9.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,ave_2,22_5.txt,"Flu vaccines, inspired by the Review on p736.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.txt,groundtruth,24_3.txt,"Immunology of the lung, inspired by the Review on p347.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_7.txt,clip,21_7.txt,val
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_10.png,C,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,ave_1,2022_6.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,This backscattered electron image shows the replacement of CuO of Cu2O via a coupled dissolution and precipitation mechanism. The three embedded images depict the reaction scheme of cuprite dissolution in acetate solution: (a) cuprite dissolution reaction; (b) Cu(I) disproportionation to Cu(II) and native Cu; and (c) tenorite precipitation and acetate decarboxylation reaction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_2,2023_12.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_11.png,C,"3D printing of glass
Photopolymerization-induced phase separation of resins enables the high-resolution 3D printing of glass oxides with intricate shapes and distinct chemical composition.
See Moore et al. and Rapp N&Vs
IMAGE: Kunal Masania and Lorenzo Barbera, ETH Zürich. COVER DESIGN: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/19_11.txt,vith,19_11.txt,"Polythiophene (centre) is melted into a polyethylene film, increasing the spherulite size on recrystallisation.
Cover design by David Shand
Letter by Shalom Goffri  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/5_1.txt,clip,5_1.txt,"Precise control of gas transport in metal–organic framework glasses
Porosity of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks can be preserved beyond the glass transition and melt processing. Here centimetre-scale porous glasses are demonstrated, while liquid processing enables fine-tuning of the size of the gas-transporting channels for molecular sieving.
See Smirnova et al.
Image: Oksana Smirnova, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_11.txt,groundtruth,23_11.txt,"Robust superhydrophobicity
Coatings made of flexible, organic layered nanocomposites achieve high water repellence under harsh mechanical and chemical environments.
See Peng et al. and News & Views by Girard et al.
Image: Manish K. Tiwari. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_9.txt,vitg,17_9.txt,val
ACS Synthetic Biology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_1.png,D,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,The cover depicts a complex machine that generates new hues from combinations of primary colors. This process is analogous to the combinatorial engineering of biosynthetic genes to generate new molecules. Artwork by Marcela Vargas based on DOI: 10.1021/sb5003218.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_7.txt,clip,2015_7.txt,"The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt,vith,2016_8.txt,"The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_12.png,A,"A spotlight on sex differences, inspired by this Focus issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Pride in nephrology, inspired by the Comment articles starting on p353.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_7.txt,ave_2,19_7.txt,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,vitg,20_6.txt,"Key advances in nephrology, inspired by the Year in Reviews on pp79–90.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_2.png,B,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,ave_3,3_12.txt,"Underwater alliances
Individuals of the day octopus (Octopus cyanea) sometimes team up with various fish species such as the blue goldsaddle goatfish (Parupeneus cyclostomus) to engage in collective hunting. Three-dimensional field-based tracking and field experiments unravel the complex social influences that drive decision-making, and reveal shared leadership across these distantly related species.
See Eduardo Sampaio et al.
Image: Eduardo Sampaio. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Ediacaran community complexity
Enigmatic Ediacaran organisms - Tribrachidium (top) and Ivovicia (bottom) - formed complex benthic communities ~15 million years before the Cambrian Explosion of animals.
See Darroch et al.
Image: Marc Laflamme. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"Biodiversity under stress
A school of fish on a remote coral reef in the Indian Ocean. Biodiversity was found to be the primary driver of ecosystem functioning of coral-reef fishes. The positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships were robust to two human-caused stressors: climate change and invasive species.
See Benkwitt et al
Image: Kristina Tietjen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_6.txt,vitg,4_6.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_8.png,B,"The cover picture shows graphical artwork of a chimeric molecule peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO), which consists of a helix-stabilized cell-penetrating peptide and an antisense PMO, in efficient cellular uptake and antisense activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,"A super-hydrophilic zwitterionic material, EKP polypeptide, was employed to cloak yeast cells via genetic engineering. This polypeptide serves to shield yeast cells from interactions with yeast-specific antibodies and macrophage cells. This approach endows these cloaked yeast cells with the potential to circumvent the immune system.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_7.png,C,"Lines of communication, inspired by the Review on p481 and Perspective on p526.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_5.txt,vitg,21_5.txt,"‘Locking down oestrogen receptors’ inspired by the Perspective on p377
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/18_7.txt,vith,18_7.txt,"Antibody libraries, inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_7.txt,groundtruth,24_7.txt,"'Under construction' by Lara Crow, inspired by the Reviews on p321 and p361, which discuss microRNA biogenesis and building better therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, respectively.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/15_7.txt,clip,15_7.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_1.png,C,"Cells soften into migration
Cells from embryonic tissues dynamically decrease their stiffness to initiate collective cell migration, a process that traditionally is associated with stiffer environments and cellular states.
See Marchant et al.
Image: Julien Marcetteau. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"20 years on
We celebrate our twentieth anniversary by looking back at how materials research has evolved and consider future directions.
Image: background, Karuntana Chaiwatcharanun / Getty Images. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_4.txt,clip,21_4.txt,"Sustainable aviation fuels
Lignin is an abundant source of renewable aromatic carbon and is of interest as a feedstock for sustainable fuels. This Review provides an overview of production technologies, jet fuel requirements, effects of lignin chemistry, depolymerization techniques, upgrading of bio-oils and challenges for catalysis using real biomass feedstocks.
See Webber et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_1.txt,groundtruth,23_1.txt,"Increasing the operating temperature of jet engines requires materials that are stable against degradation. Towards this goal, growth of TiAl alloys with high strength and ductility, as well as superior creep resistance, is reported.
Article p876; News & Views p823
IMAGE: GUANG CHEN, C. T. LIU AND ZHIXIANG QI
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_5.txt,vith,15_5.txt,val
Cell Systems,15_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_11.png,C,"On the cover: Live-cell imaging snapshots of an HL60 cell expressing a light-sensitive
receptor and a Cdc42 biosensor migrating inside a bifurcating microfluidic channel.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Hadjitheodorou et al. (p. 196–209) use optogenetic experiments to determine how
receptor inputs interact with cell polarity and mechanical constraints to guide cell
movement in complex environments. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_10.txt,ave_1,14_10.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Lung cancer cells expressing the CluMPS reporter (magenta) show large
puncta that indicate the presence of small, hard-to-see clusters of its target (EML4-ALK,
green). In this issue of Cell Systems, Mumford et al. introduce CluMPS (clusters magnified by phase separation), a fluorescent reporter
for detecting small protein clusters in living cells. The combined multivalency of
CluMPS and a multimerized target produces large condensates that are detectable with
standard microscopy. CluMPS can detect and track clusters of both endogenous and exogenous
proteins. Image credit: Thomas Mumford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_11.txt,groundtruth,15_11.txt,"On the cover: Immunofluorescence micrograph of an iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte stained
for α-actinin (antibody staining in green) and for the nucleus (DAPI staining in blue),
imaged using DeltaVision Elite microscope—brightness and contrast of the image have
been altered for artistic effect. In this issue of Cell Systems, Peter Sorger and colleagues (412–426) interrogate cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase
inhibitors that are commonly used to combat cancer. They phenotypically profile iPSC-derived
cardiomyocytes using transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional assays to measure
glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, and they find that cardiac metabolism is
sensitive to these inhibitors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_2.txt,vith,8_2.txt,test
Nature Sustainability,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_11.png,D,"Assessing water scarcity for decision making
Effective water interventions rely on robust projections of water availability. Greve et al. identify changes in the uncertainty range of anticipated water scarcity conditions that can improve decision making for water management.
See Greve et al.
Image: Robert Burtscher. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,ave_1,7_9.txt,"Cumulative impacts of shale gas
Shale gas as fuel for electricity generation boomed in the Appalachian basin, United States. Mayfield and colleagues estimated the different temporal and geographical patterns of shale gas impacts on jobs, air quality and climate change in the basin.
See Mayfield et al.
Image: Philip Scalia / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Recovering and resourcing from manure wastewater
Recovering ammonia from manure wastewater has multiple sustainability benefits. Qin and colleagues develop an electrochemical process that allows such removal efficiently and enables the production of decentralized fertilizers and chemicals.
See Wang et al.
Credit: Matauw, Getty Images. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,val
Nature Metabolism,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_4.png,A,"Spatial lipid fluxes
13C-SpaceM combines stable isotope tracing with imaging mass spectrometry thus enabling spatial analysis of lipid dynamics with near single-cell resolution in tissues. The illustration is a photo of a cross-stitch embroidery with a part of the imaging mass spectrometry heatmap used as a scheme. Loose threads outside of the hoop symbolize the metabolic fluxes studied in this manuscript.
See Buglakova et al.
Image: Elena Buglakova, EMBL (embroidery); Massimo Del Prete, EMBL (photo). Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,"Focus on exercise metabolism and health
Our September issue includes a Focus on exercise metabolism and health, consisting of Reviews, Comments and research Articles revisiting foundational topics and highlighting new paradigms in exercise and muscle metabolism, as well as their broader implications for organismal health.
Visit our web collection
Image: mustafahacalaki. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Embryonic metabolism
The metabolic landscape of early murine embryo development is reconstructed, which provides insight into the metabolic processes associated with the transition of cells from totipotency to pluripotency.
See Zhao, Yao, Yu, Zhang, Xu et al.
Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_3.txt,ave_1,3_3.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_7.png,B,ptamer,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_37.txt,clip,2024_37.txt,"The inclusive droplet digital ELISA (iddELISA) expands the boundaries of digital immunoassays by incorporating all types of bead encapsulations into the analysis, enhancing assay efficiency, and simplifying operations. This innovative approach holds great promise for the early detection of low-abundance biomarkers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,", wherein we substitute the target-specific antibody with designer DNA nanostructure-based molecular probes for recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus via multivalent, pattern-matching interactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_45.txt,vith,2024_45.txt,98,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/1987_13.txt,vitg,1987_13.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_7.png,A,"On the cover: Liu et al. reveal the evolutionary dynamics and tumor-immune interplay in acral melanoma (AM).
The cover metaphorically represents the progression from AM in situ (AMis) to invasive AM (iAM). AMis tumors (grapes near vines) are homogeneous (green),
and iAM close to them are also green, indicating monoclonal dissemination. During
vertical invasion, some grapes change in shape and color, representing increased heterogeneity.
These abnormal tumors (purple grapes) are more invasive, and APOE+CD163+ macrophages
(birds) are attracted to promote tumor invasion. Image credit: Hengkang Liu and Ruidong
Xue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_12.txt,vith,40_12.txt,test
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_13.png,B,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,The crosstalks between multiple post-translational modifications in the first 17 residues of huntingtin protein differentially modulate its conformation and interaction with various lipid membranes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_6.png,A,"Drying out without dying out
Tolerance to desiccation has evolved many times in different plant groups in response to arid environments. Despite multiple evolutionary origins within the grass family, the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance have converged on a small number of common genes and metabolic pathways.
See Marks et al.
Image: Dr Rose Marks. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_6.txt,groundtruth,10_6.txt,"Shades of nitrate uptake
Each molecule of nitrate imported into roots by the transporter NRT2.1 is accompanied by a proton. The consequent increase in soil pH can be used to follow its dephosphorylation-dependent activation using a pH-sensitive dye such as bromocresol purple.
See Ohkubo, Y. et al.
Image: Yuri Ohkubo and Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_10.txt,ave_3,7_10.txt,"Lightening the genetic load
Parasitism has evolved independently in plants many times. Plants of the genus Balanophora are obligate parasites of roots and show a consistent pattern of gene loss and genome modification similar to that of other unrelated holoparasites.
See Chen et al.
Image: Ze Wei, Plant Photo Bank of China. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_3.txt,vitg,9_3.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_401,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_401.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how transcriptional and hormonal signaling pathways interact to control flower development. The image shows flowers of the mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana. [Image: Wuxing Li, California Institute of Technology]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_270.txt,vitg,6_270.txt,COVER This week features a Review on PB1 domains. The image depicts the structures making up the p40phox and p67phox PB1 complex. [Image: PDB entry 1OEY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_401.txt,groundtruth,2007_401.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective that discusses how the activity of SOS is regulated by the binding of an allosteric Ras molecule. The image shows SOS and two molecules of Ras based on PDB 1nvu.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_414.txt,clip,2007_414.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that discusses recent advances in our knowledge of pseudoenzymes and how to accelerate their identification and functional discovery. The image shows an artist's design of a ""pseudoenzyme parade."" [Image: Jeroen Claus, Phospho Biomedical Animation]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_594.txt,vith,12_594.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_8.png,C,Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in both photovoltaic and light-emission applications. The cover art shows the perovskite crystal structure capable of strongly absorbing light to generate electrical power as a solar cell or efficiently generating light emission from electrical power as a light-emitting device. There are still a number of losses in these materials that particularly limit the light-emission processes. Eliminating these loss pathways will lead to photovoltaic and light-emission devices approaching their efficiency limits. Credit: Dr. Matthew T. Klug.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_6.txt,clip,2017_6.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,Rotations of MA cations with large dipole moments significantly reduce the thermal conductivity by scattering acoustic phonons,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"In this Review, we shed light onto the fundamental understanding of the origin of phase instability for both the intrinsic structure and extrinsic factors. We highlight the methodologies used to suppress the undesired phase transitions of formamidinium- and cesium-based halide perovskites with an emphasis on structure–property relationships. The cover image reflects on the delicate nature of these structures under environmental conditions (weak tree, left) and highlights their robustness in their pristine conditions (leafy tree, right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_8.txt,vith,2021_8.txt,train
Science Advances,11_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_5.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of a universal prion-based mechanism for ionic strength sensing (represented by gauge) inside animal cells. An ever-expanding fraction of the global population faces rising temperatures and water scarcity, conditions that place excessive ionic stress on cells and tissues. Khandwala et al. show that increasing ionic strength inside cells activates a mitigative transcriptional program controlled by the protein NFAT5. This discovery links climate medicine and cell biology, providing a foundation for developing therapies against climate change-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease. Credit: Kate Zvorykina and Ella Marushchenko (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_8.txt,ave_3,11_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER Polar bear swimming in Arctic waters. This apex predator of the Arctic is a crucial species for understanding the impact of environmental variability on Arctic marine ecosystems. Westbury et al. looked at the genomic, morphological, and ecological relationships between polar bears along the eastern and western coasts of Greenland. Their results offer insights into the susceptibility of polar bears to environmental changes, such as increased sea-surface temperature, emphasizing the critical role played by the Arctic marine ecosystem in shaping the evolutionary and ecological pathways of its inhabitants. Credit: Andrea Cabrera",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_45.txt,clip,9_45.txt,"ONLINE COVER A polar bear rolling in snow. Polar bears are the only Arctic land mammal that dives into water to hunt, but their fur is typically free of ice. Carolan et al. investigated the anti-icing properties of polar bear fur and found that the low ice accumulation is a consequence of fur sebum, or hair grease. These findings could have potential applications in developing anti-icing surface coatings. Credit: Konrad Wothe / Minden",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_5.txt,groundtruth,11_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER Emiliania huxleyi, a single-celled marine phytoplankton. Storing excess atmospheric CO2 in the ocean may help mitigate climate change, but the potential biological effects have yet to be explored. Gately et al. investigate the effect of ocean alkalinity enhancement, a process that sequesters carbon by increasing ocean alkalinity through limestone-inspired mineral addition. The growth rate and elemental ratios of two important types of phytoplankton, Emiliania huxleyi and Chaetoceros sp., show a neutral response to both moderate- and high-alkalinity additions, but the high-alkalinity additions exhibited mineral precipitation that removed nutrients from the system and reduced the overall effectiveness at carbon removal. Credit: The Natural History Museum, London / Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_24.txt,ave_2,9_24.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_8.png,D,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Preventing pathological expansion of tandem repeats
Analysis of the FGF14-SCA27B repeat locus identifies a common 5'-flanking insertion that is present exclusively in non-pathogenic alleles and enhances repeat stability.
See Pellerin et al.
Image: Marie Stargala and Matthew Rosen. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_6.txt,clip,56_6.txt,"This issue features epigenetic analysis of cell commitment at many levels in mammalian genomes: during early embryonic development, in stem cells, and in cancer cells. These studies provide fundamental insight into the functional consequences of genome variation. On the cover: Red-tailed black cockatoo feathers (tonysartandnature.com).
See Editorial.
Image: Tony Cunningham. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/50_12.txt,vith,50_12.txt,"Liver spatiotemporal transcriptomics
Two studies characterize spatiotemporal transcriptional dynamics during liver homeostasis, cholestatic injury and regeneration in mice.
See Wu et al. and Xu et al.
Image: Shijie Hao. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_8.txt,groundtruth,56_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_18.png,B,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"On the cover: The image is a graphical representation for the information that can
be obtained from the human liver by a spatial single-cell multi-omic approach. Data
(in blue, water gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry [(H2O)n-GCIB-SIMS] imaging; in red, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
imaging [DESI-MSI]; and in green, C60-SIMS imaging) identify the metabolic and cellular organization of the liver. To learn
more about how spatial multi-omics provides insight into cell types in the mammalian
liver, see Tian et al. Image credit: Hua Tian and Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_18.txt,groundtruth,59_18.txt,"On the cover: Cards from a memory game. The card backs are illustrated with images
of the small and large intestine, while the front sides show various immune populations.
A large number of different immune cells are present in the fetal and infant intestinal
tissue, but most strikingly, memory T cells dominate the landscape. To find out more
about the development and composition of fetal and infant intestinal immunity, see
Stras et al. on pp. 357–373.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/51_4.txt,vith,51_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_1.png,B,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"Phages have evolved anti-defence systems (ADSs) to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms, forming complex antagonistic interactions with bacterial
defence systems. This cover image uses a chessboard as a visual metaphor for
how phage populations evolve layers of anti-defence strategies to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms. The floating elements next to the bacterial and phage pieces
symbolise “the moves” they can make to combat one and other – molecular
mechanisms they utilise. The cover illustrates some examples of those molecular
mechanisms (phage pieces and machinery are in grey, bacterial are in orange). For
instance, bacterial restriction-modification system (enzymes with cloud-like shape)
cleaves unmodified phage DNA, but phages evade the recognition by modifying
DNA; bacterial retron Ec78 cleaves endogenous tRNA-Tyr (yellow), preventing phage
protein translation, but phages overcome translation shutdown by encoding their
tRNA-Tyr, enabling their replication. In this issue, Murtazalieva and colleagues discuss
these and many other ADSs and their interplay with bacterial defence systems.
Image courtesy: Khalimat Murtazalieva, Aleksandra Petrovskaya, Abhishek Rawat,
Robert Finn.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the
emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban
review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell
cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological
processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements
and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of
a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt,vith,26_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_31,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_31.png,C,-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2009_49.txt,vitg,2009_49.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,"The strikingly different photosensitization mechanisms of two nanohybrids based on CsPbBr3 nanocrystals functionalized with two BODIPY dyes have been thoroughly investigated by using a battery of spectroscopic techniques combined with theoretical calculations, which together provide a whole vision of the nanohybrid to be used in light-driven applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_31.txt,groundtruth,2024_31.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_7.png,A,The cover shows how integrating the 12 Green Chemistry principles into the pharmaceutical,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,ave_2,2022_10.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_1.png,A,Mouse liver tissue stained with DAPI to visualize nuclei and Nile red to visualize lipids and lipid droplets.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The cover artwork is a colorized micrograph of the biofilm formed by a hypervirulent capsular serotype V strain of Streptococcus agalactiae, which was isolated from a case of neonatal sepsis. The biofilm was imaged at a magnification of 4000x by field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy. S. agalactiae, commonly referred to as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), causes invasive infections of the reproductive tract during pregnancy, which can lead to adverse outcomes such as preterm birth and sepsis. Biofilm formation is one of the important processes in virulence that facilitates bacterial adherence to host tissues and evasion of the host immune response and antimicrobial onslaught. This work demonstrates that putative glycosyltransferase encoded by cpsE is critical for serotype V GBS to form biofilms, to evade phagocytosis by placental macrophages, and to cause ascending infection of the reproductive tract in a pregnant host. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2021_4.txt,ave_0,2021_4.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_15.png,C,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"This cover art illustrates the molecular-level H2S scavenging process, assisted by water, using simple aldehydes and glyoxal. Effective H2S removal is crucial to the oil and gas industry due to its environmental hazards, occupational health risks and potential damage to industrial facilities. Cover art created using StockCake.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_2.png,C,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,ave_2,38_4.txt,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_12.txt,ave_1,40_12.txt,"On the cover: In their review, Galluzzi and colleagues examine the mechanisms by which malignant cells evade immune elimination through
a novel “three Cs” framework. Camouflage refers to cancer cells’ ability to disguise themselves from the immune system,
preventing recognition as a threat. Coercion involves the direct or indirect inhibition of immune functions by neoplastic
cells, while cytoprotection describes the capacity of malignant cells to withstand cytotoxic agents.
Together, these strategies contribute to immunoevasion and resistance to (immuno)therapy
across various oncological contexts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/27_3.txt,clip,27_3.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_1.png,A,An indispensable synergy was found between C=C and C=O sites in biochar for peroxomonosulfate activation and sulfamethoxazole degradation. The,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.  Congratulations to all!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_2.txt,ave_1,2023_2.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_11.png,A,"A discussion of pituitary stem cells, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Lipid droplet biogenesis and function, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_5.txt,vith,19_5.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,ave_1,21_2.txt,"COVER: Modelling endometrial diseases, inspired by the Review on p727.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_1.txt,clip,18_1.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.png,C,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_10.png,C,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,groundtruth,1_10.txt,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,ave_2,1_11.txt,val
NATURE MATERIALS,23_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_10.png,B,"2D material-wrapped Janus particles
Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles.
See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang.
Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt,vith,17_2.txt,"Growing tunable moirés
Two-dimensional structures with tunable moiré patterns, which display tunable interlayer excitons and moiré intralayer excitons, are achieved by epitaxial bottom-up growth.
See Fortin-Deschênes et al.
Image: Yihao Song and Matthieu Fortin-Deschênes, Yale University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_10.txt,groundtruth,23_10.txt,"Despite having many similarities with graphene, single-layer boron nitride has a very large bandgap. Now, single-layer hybrids consisting of a blend of domains of boron nitride and graphene have been synthesized. By varying the percentage of boron nitride it is possible to tune the electronic properties, which is a very promising development for potential devices.
Cover design by David Shand.
Article by Ci  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/9_8.txt,clip,9_8.txt,"Moiré superlattices in twisted perovskites
Moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional halide perovskites are realized, revealing the emergence of localized bright excitons with enhanced emissions and trapped charge carriers.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Shuchen Zhang, Purdue University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.txt,vitg,23_4.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_2.png,B,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,ave_1,2025_1.txt,"Three simple Schiff bases were designed to investigate their structure–function correlations. Detailed optical studies and interesting emission switching and tuning was observed through base fume exposures, leading to discovery of a wearable fluorochromic ammonia sensor with potential for development of ammonia protective masks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_7.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,vith,4_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huang et al. explore characteristic gut microbiota associated with phenotypes of the Chinese population
from 17 ethnic groups in China by metagenomics sequencing of 3,234 fecal samples.
The complexity and diversity of gut microbiota, akin to a veil of fog, were revealed.
The patterns within the 17 circles are symbolic patterns from 17 ethnic groups distributed
across various regions of China. The microbiota and genes at the center of the circles
reveal the species and genetic diversity of gut microbiota in the Chinese population.
Image credit: Qixiao Zhai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.png,D,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,ave_2,17_12.txt,"COVER: Confronting race and racism to advance health equity, inspired by the Review on p84.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_11.txt,ave_3,18_11.txt,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,clip,20_6.txt,"Advancing equitable access to care, inspired by the Comment articles for World Kidney Day starting on p147.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_7.png,A,"Hydrogels share similarities with the soft tissues of the human body, having great application prospects in tissue engineering and medical implants. Developing strong and tough hydrogels is crucial for their biomedical applications, but traditional hydrogels typically exhibit weak and brittle mechanical properties due to the inhomogeneity of their network and rubber-like elasticity, which lacks energy dissipation mechanisms. The cover art depicts a typical strategy for improving network uniformity to enhance hydrogel strength. See Li X. and Gong J. P.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_7.txt,groundtruth,9_7.txt,"Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al.
Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt,ave_1,4_10.txt,"Quantum bits (qubits) hold promise for the realization of quantum computers, which will surpass classical computers for specific tasks, such as searching large databases or performing quantum chemical computations. Moving forward, materials optimization will be instrumental to improve the performance and scalability of qubits and enable the realization of practical quantum computers. In this focus issue, our collection of articles explores the materials-related challenges and opportunities for different types of qubits, including superconducting, trapped-ion, spin, germanium and topological qubits. See Qubits meet materials science.
Image: Peter Allen. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_3.txt,clip,6_3.txt,"Metamaterials provide a platform to leverage optical signals for performing specific-purpose computational tasks with ultra-fast speeds. This Review surveys the basic principles, recent advances and promising future directions for wave-based-metamaterial analogue computing systems. See Zangeneh-Nejad et al.
Image: Romain Fleury. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_10.txt,vitg,6_10.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_22.png,B,"This cover shows electrochemical gating of the molecular conductance of a redox-active osmium-containing molecular bridge, which is attached to the gold surface by direct gold—carbon bonding. Electrochemically gated electron transfer in an STM nanogap configuration is achieved for this metal—carbon contacted molecule. See Calvo and co-workers, p 2494.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_44.txt,clip,2010_44.txt,"A heterophase intermetallic as an efficient electrocatalyst is developed for the first time. The enhanced electron transfer between two components and the formed phase boundaries in Ru2Ge3/RuGe lead to enhanced water adsorption, fast water dissociation kinetics,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,Light promotes electrons in certain positions of a three-dimensional covalent organic framework into collective excited states. Cover art by Alfy Benny.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_16.txt,ave_1,2022_16.txt,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,test
Cell Reports Methods,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.png,D,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_3,5_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,val
Immunity,57_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_12.png,D,"On the cover: The protagonist of the special feature in this issue of Immunity is the regulatory T cell (played by the policeman on the cover). Regulatory T (Treg)
cells have been under intense scrutiny because of their potent ability to suppress
(depicted by the action of the policeman and the red stop symbol) the activity of
other cells and hence regulate immune responses such as those that could promote autoimmunity.
Recent advances and outstanding issues include an understanding of the molecular regulation
of Foxp3, which is the key transcription factor for the Treg cell lineage (Josefowicz
and Rudensky, pages 616–625), the developmental and functional differences between
thymic-derived and periphery-induced Treg cells (Curotto de Lafaille and Lafaille,
pages 626–635), the mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo (Shevach, pages 636–645),
the plasticity of these cells and hence the stability of this lineage (Zhou et al.,
pages 646–655), and finally, their therapeutic potential in the clinic (Riley et al.,
page 656–665). Waldmann and Cobbold (pages 613–615) provide an overview by relating
these challenging subjects to transplantation tolerance. Artwork by Paul Gilligan.
Printed with permission from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/30_2.txt,ave_2,30_2.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: As a component of personalized medicine, precision nutrition offers
the opportunity to transform our understanding and treatment of immune-mediated chronic
inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Tailoring specific dietary
interventions to an individual's unique genetic makeup, microbiota composition, metabolism,
health status, and lifestyle has the potential to alter management of human health
and disease. In this issue, Arifuzzaman et al. review how diets rich in fiber, sugar, or fat influence the composition of the microbiota
and microbiota-derived metabolites and their impact on the balance of proinflammatory,
immune-regulatory, and tissue-protective innate and adaptive immune responses. The
authors highlight the impact of diet-microbiota communications on immunity to infection,
chronic inflammation, and cancer and outline important challenges in mechanistic understanding
that currently limit progress toward the goal of precision nutrition as a strategic
component of therapeutic interventions. Image by Mohammad Arifuzzaman and David Artis,
created with Biorender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_12.txt,groundtruth,57_12.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_1.png,B,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: Kotagiri et al. identified a potent and highly selective PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera),
YD23, that degrades SMARCA2 (dark green) in the SWI/SNF complex through proteosomes.
SMARCA2 degradation inactivates the SWI/SNF complex in the nucleus leading to reduced
chromatin accessibility at enhancers of genes involved in cell-cycle progression and
inhibits the growth of SMARCA4-mutant cancer cells. Image credit: Sasi Kotagiri, Nicholas
Blazanin, and Yonathan Lissanu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry
mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic
process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et
al., 658–671.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_7.txt,clip,30_7.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_396,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_396.png,A,"COVER This week features a Perspective on Dictyostelium chemotaxis. The image shows the various ways that movement can be controlled during Dictyostelium migration. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_396.txt,groundtruth,2007_396.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that describes how two atypical PKC isoforms, PKMζ and PKCι/λ, can compensate for each other during short- and long-term memory. Memory formation requires a persistent strengthening of excitatory transmission at specific synapses. The image shows an artist's rendering of synaptic transmission. [Image: Rost9/shutterstock]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/10_505.txt,vitg,10_505.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_579.txt,clip,12_579.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how activation of cannabinoid 1 receptors prevents insulin receptors from promoting β-cell survival in the pancreas. The image shows a medical illustration of the human body with the pancreas highlighted. [Image: Fotosearch],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_216.txt,vith,5_216.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_1.png,C,"A PdZn/ZrO2/SAPO-34 multifunctional catalyst for the direct conversion of CO2 to propane yields >50% total propane selectivity at close to 40% CO2 conversion at 350 ⁰C, 50 bar, and 1500 mL g−1 h−1. Extensive characterization and kinetic–thermodynamic modeling revealed details of a highly integrated reaction scheme between the catalyst components.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_3.txt,vitg,2021_3.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"Enzymes are thought to possess thermal tolerance and promiscuous activities that are useful for modern biocatalysis. Through ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR), researchers can revive ancient enzymes to catalyze diverse reactions with a robust scaffold. This perspective summarizes the ASR’s workflow and highlights its implications for enzyme design and exploration of catalytic mechanisms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_8.png,A,"Warm water cycle reprocesses interstellar matter
The JWST detection of highly excited rotational lines from the hydroxyl radical in an irradiated planet-forming disk indicates an active water cycle in the disk upper layers. This cycle could process the Earth’s oceans’ worth of material in weeks, resetting diagnostic isotope ratios, for instance.
See Zannese et al.
Image: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb), the PDRs4All ERS Team . Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"The long and the short of turbulence
The formation of stars through the collapse of molecular clouds is strongly influenced by turbulence. New high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations reveal the turbulent properties of the interstellar medium from subsonic to supersonic scales, in the process providing quantitative constraints for models of turbulent star formation.
See Federrath et al.
Image: Christoph Federrath, Australian National University Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_9.txt,ave_2,5_9.txt,"Dwarf galaxies punching above their weight
Despite their diminutive size (the Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte galaxy, pictured on the cover, is one tenth the size of the Milky Way), dwarf galaxies have emerged as key laboratories for studying open questions in several areas of astrophysics. This issue launches a Collection of short articles on dwarf galaxies, to which we will add both short and long pieces over time.
See the Collection on dwarf galaxies
Image: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/CTIO/Local Group Survey Team. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_1.txt,ave_1,5_1.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.png,D,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,vith,2024_2.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Med,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_8.png,B,"On the cover: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in biomedical
research, showcasing its transformative potential in driving innovation within drug
development. In this issue of Med, Zhang et al. review the significant advancements in AI-assisted drug development, focusing on
small molecules, RNA, and antibodies. The review highlights the challenge in obtaining
approval for AI-conceived drugs and proposes leveraging large language models and
diffusion models as solutions. The cover image captures two AI robots analyzing AI-generated
drugs in a clinical environment, symbolizing AI's transformative impact on drug discovery,
development, and clinical trials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_4.txt,vith,5_4.txt,"On the cover: Traditional risk factors used to estimate the risk of developing coronary
artery disease (CAD) may still miss some individuals. CAD has a strong genetic component,
and a combination of genetic and clinical factors can yield a CAD polygenic risk score
(CAD PRS). In this issue of Med, Truong et al. develop a genome-wide CAD PRS and then explore its impact on the relationship between
clinical risk factors and CAD. In individuals with a high CAD PRS, the effect of some
known risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, is mitigated, whereas it is enhanced
for other risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol levels. These findings underscore
the complex interplay between genetics and lifestyle factors in CAD risk, highlighting
the need for personalized prevention strategies. Cover credit: Westend61/Westend61
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_11.png,A,"Spider web structures shift
How behavioural plasticity can allow species to adapt to global warming remains poorly documented. Writing in this issue, Sun and colleagues find that spiders alter the mesh size of their webs to adjust to changes in prey size spectra following experimental warming.
See Hu et al. and News & Views by Vandegehuchte
Image: Sonal Kulkarni / 500px/500px/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_11.txt,groundtruth,14_11.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Decadal variability linked to climate sensitivity
Climate change assessments often focus on maximum warming levels, with less attention paid to rate of change or variability about the trend. An investigation of the CMIP5 model ensemble shows that models with higher equilibrium climate sensitivity have greater temperature variability and also have a greater chance of super warming and hiatus periods
See Nijsse et al.
Image: Femke Nijsse using CMIP5 data. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/9_5.txt,clip,9_5.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,vith,12_1.txt,test
Nature Synthesis,3_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_8.png,B,"MOFs made to order
The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents.
See Barsukova et al.
Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,groundtruth,3_8.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,ave_1,3_11.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,clip,2_6.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_5.png,D,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"On the cover: Stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are represented as two vinyl
records on a mixing table. Increases or decreases to DDX6 levels, which can be modulated
by the knobs on the mixing table, lead to an increase or decrease in the number of
p-bodies, illustrated as control lights on the table. Changes in p-body number eventually
impact stem cell fate via changes to chromatin modifications, shown as cables connecting
the mixing table to the record station. For more information, see Di Stefano et al.
(622–638). Cover artwork by Dr. Anna Hupalowska.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/25_2.txt,vith,25_2.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,vitg,28_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Landau, Zhao, et al. demonstrate that incorporating pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages restores
cell-circuit interactions, enabling enhanced contractility and stable vascularization
of engineered cardiac tissues. Through single-cell sequencing, the authors demonstrate
that primitive macrophages act on stromal cells to enhance their angiogenic potential
in cardiac tissues. Shown in the image as construction workers, macrophages contribute
through both direct physical interactions and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
This results in the development of functional, perfusable vasculature, as evidenced
by the flowing blue beads in the vessel network. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_5.txt,groundtruth,31_5.txt,train
BDJ Student,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/31_2.png,B,"Volume 29 | Issue 1
Welcome to your new-look BDJ Student, featuring the same clinical insight, career options and professional development as before.

Be sure to check out our handy 'how to' guides, covering a wide range of topics
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/29_3.txt,clip,29_3.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 2
In this spring issue of BDJ Student, our lead feature takes a closer look at four dental professionals who have taken their clinical knowledge and applied it outside the practice
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 1
In this issue we hear from new BDA President Russ Ladwa, detail the career options for dentists in the UK and delve into oral medicine conditions you need to know about
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_3.txt,ave_2,28_3.txt,"Vol 30 | Issue 1
New Year, new goals, new challenges. BDJ Student helps you meet whatever your goals are with its usual high-quality mix of professional development, careers advice and clinical insight
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_3.txt,vitg,30_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.png,C,dye complex as a gain medium in a mirror cavity used for lasing. The study revealed that the DNA structure significantly influences the dye's optical properties that were used for optimizing lasing parameters. This approach offers a pathway to design advanced optical materials for more efficient solid-state lasers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,clip,2023_7.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/33_1.png,A,"On the cover: Chen et al. demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) exacerbates renal inflammation in diabetic
kidney disease via a Smad3-NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway. The image depicts
CRP binding to its receptor and triggering signaling to activate Smad3 in the cytoplasm.
Phosphorylated Smad3 translocates into the nucleus with other Smads. Following this,
Smad3 interacts with the promoter region of NLRP3, initiating NLRP3 expression. Image
credit: Haiyong Chen and Yifan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"On the Cover: To mark the 20th anniversary of ASGCT and to celebrate the 20th annual meeting, society founder and gene therapy pioneer George Stamatoyannopoulus
recruited a group of leaders who have contributed to landmark developments and clinical
translation of the field to author a series of review articles highlighting these
advances; these reviews are featured in this issue of Molecular Therapy. Although it is impossible to encompass every advance or every subfield falling under
the ASGCT and Molecular Therapy umbrella, we hope this set of reviews will set the benchmark for where we are now
and set the stage for an even brighter future, serving as an inspiration for new investigators
entering our field. Cover credit: iStock.com/cosmin4000.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_8.txt,clip,25_8.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,vitg,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,ave_2,26_4.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_9.png,A,"The combination of experimental techniques and computational simulations presents a powerful approach to study polymer vesicles at multiple scales, which enables us to explore the interplay between phenomena and mechanisms in the emerging field of polymersome-based drug delivery systems.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,vith,2024_6.txt,"A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,"This “Biomacromolecules Asian Special Issue” highlights some of the most exciting work being carried out in Asian countries including China, India, Japan, Korea, and Singapore and provides a glimpse into the latest in research and development of polymers “from nature” and “for nature” in Asia. Research in polymer science “from nature” includes, for example, conceptual advances in the study and characterization or novel applications of natural polymers as well as novel biosynthesis of monomers and polymers. Polymers “for nature” encompass innovative synthetic approaches for biomedical and environmental polymers as well as the design and development of new polymers for biological, medical, or environmental applications. The compilation of works presented here nicely reflects the hot research topics in the field of biomacromolecules. We envision that polymers “from nature” and “for nature” will attract continuously growing interest in the next decade.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_7.txt,vitg,2018_7.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_10.png,A,"Vectors of the cadaver decomposition microbiome
Decomposing remains, whether human or other animal, are attractive to organisms across the tree of life because they are concentrated sources of nutrients and moisture. Blow flies (likely to be Chrysomya rufifacies in this photo), for which larval stages are obligate flesh feeders, are key vectors of a specialist carrion decomposer microbial network that appears universal across terrestrial environments.
See Burcham et al.
Credit: David O. Carter, Chaminade University of Honolulu. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_10.txt,groundtruth,9_10.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,vitg,9_5.txt,"Eating on the fly
Under nutritional limitation, modification of the Lactobacillus plantarum cell wall by D-alanylation of teichoic acids is important for host intestinal peptidase expression, and consequently growth of the Drosophila host.
See Matos et al.  2 , 1635–1647 (2017)
Image: vincent moncorge / IGFL. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,40_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_9.png,A,"Non-self-produced compounds from the environment can be consumed
or applied as prophylactic or therapeutic agents to avoid infections or cure diseased
individuals. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Erler et al. provide a new view on
animal medication, broadening the current concept of (self-)medication by including
inclusive fi tness, innate immunity and the microbiome. Studying insects (from solitary
to
social communities) offers unique advantages to better understanding the mechanisms
and evolution of animal medication. This cover image shows a bumble bee (Bombus
   hypnorum) foraging for food on a thistle. Bumble bees, as many other insect species,
forage and feed on different plant material and products. Plant secondary metabolites
(found in nectar and pollen) are known to enhance bee health and/or to reduce parasite
loads in infected individuals. Image credit: Silvio Erler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_9.txt,groundtruth,40_9.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,clip,33_7.txt,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,ave_1,37_4.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.png,A,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.txt,groundtruth,29_9.txt,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,vitg,17_9.txt,"On The Cover: There has been a long-standing question in seed research why cyanide, a respiration
inhibitor, breaks seed dormancy. While the alternative respiratory pathway and reactive
oxygen species have been suggested to be part of the mechanism, the cell biological
and mechanistic significance of this paradox remains unclear. On pages 989–998 Hiroyuki
Nonogaki presents a coherent model for ABA signaling in seeds, which could also address
the old paradox in seed research. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_8.txt,clip,29_8.txt,val
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.png,C,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,vitg,2023_2.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.png,D,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"On the cover: Week after week, technology companies unveil new AI tools that increasingly
resemble humans. The activity of humans and scientists is becoming more and more influenced
by AI. Fazio et al. propose a multiscale data-driven strategy for hierarchical physical phenomena that
keeps scientists as main players. Explicit analytical relationships to be easily interpreted
are deduced, enabling a continuous interaction between data modelling and scientific
knowledge. Spider silk is considered as an explicit proof of concept. The cover graphic
was designed by Federica Fazio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,40_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_12.png,B,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,vith,37_4.txt,"In communities where soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are endemic, the
parasite burden is aggregated in a heterogeneous manner whereby many people have a
low
worm burden, and a few people have a very high burden. Decades of STH control globally
has led to considerable gains in reducing this burden. However, as STH infection decreases,
the degree of aggregation of infection within individuals in a population increases.
Identifying
these remaining pockets of infection requires fine scale monitoring and evaluation
programmes that are rarely implemented within current national neglected tropical
disease
(NTD) control. In this issue of Trends of Parasitology, Maddren and Anderson review the
current WHO guidelines, using data from the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination
of NTDs (ESPEN) to suggest and discuss appropriate spatial scales for the validation
of
elimination as a public health problem of STH infection. Image credit: GettyImages/oxygen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_12.txt,groundtruth,40_12.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"Throughout intraerythrocytic growth, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum consumes up to 80% of the host cell cytoplasm. Hemoglobin degradation and heme detoxification
are essential parasite adaptations that occur in an acidified compartment called digestive
vacuole. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Matz discusses the current knowledge about the properties and functions of the digestive
vacuole and highlights the parasite’s acidic gut as a therapeutic target for drug
discovery. The cover image shows a pseudo-colorized transmission electron micrograph
of a P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte. The lumen of the digestive vacuole (red) harbors hemozoin (yellow),
which is the crystalline end product of heme detoxification. Cover credit: Matthew
R. G. Russell (The Francis Crick Institute and King’s College London, UK).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_6.txt,clip,38_6.txt,train
Structure,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_12.png,A,"On the cover: The cover figure depicts the complex structure of the bacteriophage
HRP29 virion. A novel tail adapter protein is utilized to create a hybrid tail that
has unique receptor binding properties. Subramanian et al. utilized cryo-electron microscopy to deduce how all of the structural proteins come
together to form this phage. They used a variety of biological assays such as temperature
sensitivity assays and CRISPR-Cas knockdowns to determine essential protein building
blocks that help stabilize this phage and are critical for infection. Image credit:
Júlio Arvellos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure’s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows four images of different structures formed by the retromer
protein complex, together with a schematic model of how one retromer structure may
orient itself with respect to endosomal membranes. Kendall et al. (393–405) used single-particle
cryo-EM studies to visualize these structures, which suggest that the retromer may
function as a plastic and adaptable scaffold in cells. Cover art by Amy Kendall and
Lauren Jackson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_9.txt,ave_2,28_9.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_10.png,A,"Anthropogenic climate change is leading to the rapid decline of coral
ecosystems such as those of the Great Barrier Reef (shown here). This decline has
sparked efforts to use genomics to predict and mitigate the impacts of climate change
on reefs. In this issue, Oliver Selmoni and colleagues summarize recent advances in
the
understanding of the genes and pathways controlling coral adaptation to stress and
discuss how combining genomic scans with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can be used to
characterize the variants under selection. Image credit: Amanda Tinoco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_10.txt,groundtruth,40_10.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_2,29_3.txt,"Given its ecological, cultural and economic importance, coral conservation in the
face of ongoing coral bleaching is of great priority. On pages 93–104 in this issue,
Cleves and colleagues provide a framework for annotating unknown “dark” coral genes
within established networks to improve our fundamental knowledge of coral biology.
They further discuss the use of reverse genetic tools in corals for rigorous functional
testing of such genes, which would inform future strategies for coral protection.
Image credit: Stephen Frink (Getty Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/36_11.txt,clip,36_11.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_1.png,D,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,"-A2B-corroles for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer. The lead photosensitizers showed remarkable properties, with IC50 values below 100 nM and no cytotoxicity per se, properties resulting from a synergy between the macrocyclic system and the hydrazone moiety.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_8.png,C,"Sepsis, ageing and the brain, inspired by the Review on p444.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_6.txt,vitg,22_6.txt,"‘Neuroimmune connections’, inspired by the Review on p217.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_9.txt,clip,20_9.txt,"Regulatory T cells in the Brain, inspired by the Review on p326.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_8.txt,groundtruth,24_8.txt,"Myelin sheath repair, inspired by the Review on p49.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_12.txt,ave_3,24_12.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_8.png,C,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,Reporting high-entropy two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (HE-LDH) nanoplatforms with versatile physicochemical advantages that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provide antitumor treatment via cascaded nanoenzyme-initiated chemodynamic and immune synergistic therapy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_12.png,A,"On the cover: Hazawa et al. demonstrate that the formation of biomolecular condensate droplets (transparent bubble)
is promoted by protein-protein interactions between NUP153 (blue protein within bubble)
and the coactivator BRD4 (green protein within bubble). These interactions bring phase-separated
super-enhancer-containing DNA close to mRNA exporters like TPR (green and yellow pores),
promoting mRNA export (purple spirals) and TP63 oncogene expression. Image courtesy
of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry
mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic
process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et
al., 658–671.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_7.txt,clip,30_7.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,ave_1,31_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_5.png,B,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"‘Targeting genes for treatment’, inspired by the Review on p553.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,"‘SARS-CoV-2 and the brain’, inspired by the Review on p30.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.txt,ave_3,25_12.txt,"‘Viral tools’ inspired by the Review on p669.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_1.txt,ave_1,21_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_11.png,D,"COVER: Slaying the senescent dragon, inspired by the Review on p340.
Cover design: David Johnston; cover concept: Liqin Wang.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_7.txt,vith,22_7.txt,"Aquatic diversity, inspired by the Reviews on p485 and p516.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_4.txt,vitg,20_4.txt,"Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Jumping genes, inspired by the Review on p123.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_11.txt,groundtruth,24_11.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_4.png,C,"RNA-silencing oligonucleotides in metabolic disease, inspired by the Review on p417.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_7.txt,vitg,21_7.txt,"Peptide therapeutics targeting GPCRs, inspired by the Review on p389.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_7.txt,vith,19_7.txt,"Targeting chromatin remodellers, inspired by the Review on p661.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_4.txt,groundtruth,23_4.txt,"Targeting tumour cell plasticity, inspired by the Review on p39.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_13.png,A,"A calcite, CaCO3, crystal with extensive hopper morphology was synthesized under confinement in the absence of precipitation-modifying additives using an electrochemically assisted deposition at a low negative applied potential in the surface force apparatus. In this process, pH is directly increased inside the confined pore, leading to abundant calcite precipitation in small pore volumes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_5.txt,vith,2019_5.txt,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_8.txt,vitg,17_8.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p315.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_7.txt,ave_1,17_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p200.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.png,D,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Li et al., “Porous Metallosalen Hypercrosslinked Ionic Polymers for Cooperative CO2 Cycloaddition Conversion” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05304); A. Ateka et al., “Strategies for the Intensification of CO2 Valorization in the One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05749); and Y. Zhang et al., “Efficient SO2 Removal Using a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework with Molecular Sieving Effect” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06040).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_51.txt,vith,2020_51.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,"This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_8.png,B,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"On the cover: By developing and applying their Senescence Cell Identification (SenCID)
program to single-cell RNA-seq data, Tao et al. find the stable states of different cell types can erode under persistent stresses
and form trajectories converging toward six senescence endpoints, like a continuum
on the Waddington landscape. They further identified hierarchical modules regulating
the senescence processes through applying SenCID to perturb-seq data. Image by Jing-Dong
J. Han.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_8.txt,groundtruth,36_8.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,vith,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,test
BDJ,237_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_1.png,A,"Farewell Stephen Hancocks!
This issue features articles on clinical audit, non-healing extraction socket, and the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale.

Cover image: From 2022. For this issue, the cover celebrated is one of Stephen Hancocks’ favourites, a pop art style cover published in Volume 233 Issue 10 (25 November 2022). It was part of a series of covers celebrating 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. To mark Stephen’s 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief, the editorial team and cover artist decided to create a commemorative final cover featuring Stephen himself in pop art style. He smiles from behind a small mountain of journals while humbly accepting applause for his years of leadership.

Thank you Stephen for your 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief of the BDJ, and congratulations on your retirement. We will all miss Stephen, as a colleague, editor, advisor and friend – team meetings will never be the same!
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_1.txt,groundtruth,237_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental radiography, provisional restorations, and person-centred care.

Cover image: Teachers are buying pupils toothbrushes and toothpaste in the cost-of-living crisis. Toothbrushes should not be a ‘luxury item’.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_12.txt,clip,235_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,ave_1,228_1.txt,val
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_12.png,C,"Neural architecture search for computational genomics
Applying deep learning models requires the tuning of network architectures for optimum performance, which can require substantial machine learning expertise. In this issue, Zijun Zhang et al. present a fully automated framework, AMBER, to design and apply convolutional neural networks for genomic sequences using neural architecture search. In an accompanying News & Views, Yi Zhang, Yang Liu and X. Shirley Liu discuss the AMBER technique and its potential to improve deep learning models in genomics.
See Zhang et al. and Zhang, Liu and Liu
Image: Simons Foundation. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_8.txt,ave_1,3_8.txt,"Auditable autonomy on the road
Neural networks will have limited utility in high-risk environments unless their outputs can be reliably explained. In the cover image, Hasani et al. show how a compact controller inspired by the neural architecture of a roundworm may provide more robust and explainable outputs in a lane-following task. Also in this issue, Jiménez-Luna et al. review how explainable artificial intelligence approaches could aid in drug discovery.
See Lechner et al.
Image: Alexander Amini, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"A detour for neural representations
Training a neural network, which involves optimizing its parameters to reduce a loss function, can be thought of as moving through a landscape with hills of high error and valleys of low error. In the cover image, the red line shows such a trajectory, moving along the gradient towards lower loss. In this issue, Ciceri et al. describe that in successfully learning classification tasks, this training trajectory does not follow a direct route. Instead, the path takes a detour, shown here in brighter red, in which the representation of the data separates in training before later rejoining.
See Ciceri et al.
Image: Marco Gherardi, Università degli Studi di Milano. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_8.png,C,"On the cover: In vertebrates, a single hair bundle permanently crowns each hair cell,
the cellular receptor for sound. The external human ear, depicted on the cover, collects
sound stimuli to be delivered to hair bundles within the cochlea. The morphology of
the hair bundle, which is comprised of numerous stereocilia, is similar among vertebrates.
Hwang et al. use transgenic zebrafish and optical techniques to demonstrate that cytoskeletal
proteins within the stereocilium are dynamic, yielding insight into this cellular
protrusion’s permanency and unique function. Illustration designed by scientist and
artist Nilay Gupta.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/13_6.txt,clip,13_6.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,"On the cover: An artificially colored scanning electron micrograph of a butterfly
wing demonstrating the diversity of scale cell types, including paddle-shaped scales
and long, pronged scales at the margin. In this issue, Prakash et al. generate a single-cell atlas of Bicyclus anynana butterfly pupal forewings and identify markers of different cell types, including
scale cells. Photo credit: Anupama Prakash.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_8.txt,groundtruth,43_8.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Ressurreição et al. use tools to rapidly disrupt the activity of the core planar
polarity protein Dishevelled, combined with quantitative measurements and mosaic analysis,
to investigate Dishevelled function in maintenance of planar polarity. The image depicts
an adult Drosophila wing mutant for a planar polarity allele with mis-polarized hairs on the surface.
Fly wing image by David Strutt, and montage designed by Samantha Warrington.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_8.txt,vith,25_8.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_11.png,C,"The balancing act of tissue repair and cancer
Tissue regenerative programs triggered by radiation are orchestrated by infiltrating neutrophils and enhance metastatic growth.
See Nolan et al.See also related News & Views article byGranot & Heinberg
Image: Ilaria Malanchi, the Francis Crick Institute. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_11.txt,ave_1,3_11.txt,"Stromal heterogeneity unraveled
Unravelling the dynamic changes in cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations during breast cancer progression.
See Friedman et al..
Image: Genia Brodsky & Scherz-Shouval lab, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy
A cell-therapy platform based on dendritic cell progenitors that express immunostimulatory cytokines has shown anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma and liver cancer models in an antigen-agnostic manner.
See Ghasemi et al.
Image: Amaia Martinez-Usatorre/Michele De Palma/EPFL. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vith,6_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_8.png,A,"Peptide stapling provides control over conformation leading to improved stability and enhanced binding affinity. Non-symmetric stapling is more broadly applicable but introduces a requirement for high chemo-selectivity and site-selectivity. The image shows one such unsymmetrically stapled peptide binding to its target — image generated from Baeriswyl, S., Stocker, A., Reymond, J.-L., Fucosylated bicyclic peptide bp71 bound to the fucose binding lectin LecB PA-IIL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1.7 Angstrom resolution (2020) https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6y0v/pdb (PDB ID 6Y0V). The past 5 years have witnessed several significant breakthroughs in addressing these challenges and are the subject of a review by Chen et al.
Cover image: Fajie Chen; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Heteroaryl azos are a readily tunable and functionalizable class of molecular switches. Responsive to light and/or heat, these switches find applications in chemistry, materials science, biology and photopharmacology. See Crespi et al.
Image: Stefano Crespi, University of Regensburg. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,"Strong non-covalent interactions enable the formation of rotaxanes that seek out cellular targets and fluoresce on binding them. See Schreiber & Smith [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570-019-0095-1]
Concept: Bradley D. Smith / Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_7.txt,clip,3_7.txt,"In cells, enzymes (that are themselves proteins) catalyse the process of peptide ligation. On the cover of this issue this is envisaged as a factory line in which proteins work to assemble new proteins from various building blocks. Drawing upon nature’s manufacturing processes, researchers have repurposed these enzymatic methods to build a toolbox of chemical protein ligation strategies. This has enabled the development of improved polypeptide-based therapeutics and provided access to new protein structures that help us to better understand the inner workings of the cell. See Pihl et al.
Image: Eliot Fuks. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_9.txt,vith,7_9.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_9.png,B,"A highly conformable elastomer holds an array of ultrathin silicon beams
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letter by Meitl  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,"Deep-blue OLEDs shine
Suppressed Dexter transfer is needed to achieve efficient and stable hyperfluorescence, but complex matrices must be involved. A molecular design strategy has been proposed where Dexter transfer can be substantially reduced by an encapsulated terminal emitter, leading to ‘matrix-free’ hyperfluorescence.
See Cho et al.
Image: Pierangelo Pirak, Pomona Pictures. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_9.txt,groundtruth,23_9.txt,"Chemically tunable optical response of photonic gels made from block-copolymers
Cover design by David Shand
Letter by Kang, Walish, Gorishnyy and Thomas",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/6_1.txt,ave_1,6_1.txt,"A blue-emitting phosphor without thermal quenching is reported. The emission losses at high temperatures are compensated by a counter mechanism, originating in energy transfer between electron-hole pairs and thermally activated defect levels.
Article p543; News & Views p500
IMAGE: YOON HWA KIM AND WON BIN IM
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_8.txt,vitg,16_8.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.png,A,"The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"This special issue “Bioinspired Macromolecular Materials” serves to highlight the many ways in which biology inspires the creation of new functional materials. The broad themes covered in this issue are modification or creation of synthetic analogues of native biopolymeric materials; design of bioinspired macromolecules from functional polymers composed of amino acid building blocks; engineering of nanoscale materials toward recreating the structures and functions of natural materials; recreating the three-dimensional network architecture of native matrices, often through the creation of hydrogels; and efforts to recreate the encapsulating properties of biological compartments and membranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,"The cover represents a special issue on Renewable Molecules & Materials and the Anselme Payen Award Symposium in honor of Ann-Christine Albertsson, the founding Editor-in-Chief of Biomacromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_8.txt,clip,2020_8.txt,The special issue titled “The Future of Biomacromolecules at a Crossroads of Polymer Science and Biology” presents contributions from world-wide experts invited to speak at the symposium designed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Biomacromolecules to recognize and celebrate the achievements and impact of the most exciting research being conducted to converge the scientific fields of macromolecular and biological sciences because this has been the mission of Biomacromolecules since its inception. These contributions are organized into four subsections on the main topics of (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,train
Science Advances,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_1.png,A,"ONLINE COVER The crescent Earth rises above the lunar horizon in this photograph taken from the Apollo 17 spacecraft in lunar orbit during the final lunar landing mission in the Apollo program. The evolution of the lunar magnetic field helps explain the Moon’s interior structure, thermal history, and surface environment. Using mare basalt samples from the Moon’s Oceanus Procellarum at midlatitude, gathered from the Chang’e-5 mission, Cai et al. describe the existence of a weak lunar dynamo 2 billion years ago. Their findings also suggest an alternative mechanism for the origin of the young lunar volcanism. These details will help shape studies of lunar space weathering and volatile materials. Credit: NASA/JSC",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,"ONLINE COVER Emiliania huxleyi, a single-celled marine phytoplankton. Storing excess atmospheric CO2 in the ocean may help mitigate climate change, but the potential biological effects have yet to be explored. Gately et al. investigate the effect of ocean alkalinity enhancement, a process that sequesters carbon by increasing ocean alkalinity through limestone-inspired mineral addition. The growth rate and elemental ratios of two important types of phytoplankton, Emiliania huxleyi and Chaetoceros sp., show a neutral response to both moderate- and high-alkalinity additions, but the high-alkalinity additions exhibited mineral precipitation that removed nutrients from the system and reduced the overall effectiveness at carbon removal. Credit: The Natural History Museum, London / Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_24.txt,ave_1,9_24.txt,"ONLINE COVER The rising sun taken from the International Space Station as the station flew along a path between Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Using a variety of models, Wu et al. analyzed the history of the composition of Earth’s atmosphere and temperature, as well as the relationship between the solar thermal tide and the length of the solar day. Their findings suggest that the 24-hour day results from the transfer of angular momentum from Earth’s orbit to the spin of the Earth, via the thermal tidal torque. In the absence of the resonant lock, the current length of day would be in excess of 65 hours. Credit: NASA",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_27.txt,clip,9_27.txt,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_11.png,D,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,vith,4_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Xu et al. present their findings that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-host genetic interaction predisposes
susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This EBV-related cancer, though
rare in most parts of the world, is highly endemic in southern China. Illustrated
on the cover, the red virus and double-stranded DNA symbols capture the strong interaction
between the high-risk subtype of EBV and susceptible HLA alleles. This interaction
is the major determinant of NPC risk among southern Chinese populations. The cover
art was created by the artist Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_11.png,D,"Stem cells
Generating human knock-in organoids
See Artegiani et al. and News & Views by Liberali.
Image: Benedetta Artegiani and Delilah Hendriks, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,"ELL3 in naive pluripotency
ELL3 binds a subset of young LINE-1 elements, which activate Akt3 and ERK signalling to regulate naive pluripotency.
See Meng et al.
Image: Chengqi Lin and Shiqi Zhu, Southeast University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/25_4.txt,clip,25_4.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,vitg,22_3.txt,"Human embryonic arrest
Single-cell multi-omics of arrested human embryos reveal that cytoskeletal defects cause embryonic arrest characterized by zygotic genome activation.
See Li et al.
Image: Lin Li and Teng Wang, Southern Medical University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_11.txt,groundtruth,26_11.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_16.png,C,"On the Cover: The scaffold-mediated, non-viral delivery of miR-219 and miR-338 cocktail promotes
remyelination in a spinal cord injury model. This image was taken at the host implant
interface and depicts remyelinated axons in the miR-219/miR-338 treatment group. See
Milbreta et al., pp. 411–423. Cover credit: image by Junquan Lin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_13.txt,vith,27_13.txt,"On the Cover: The cover features muscle cells of myotonic dystrophy patients with increased myogenic
differentiation capacity after removal of the expanded DMPK-(CTG⋅CAG)n repeat by dual
CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage. A culture of gene-edited mononuclear myoblasts that start producing
myosin heavy chain (MHC; stained with green fluorescent antibodies) and fuse into
multinuclear myotubes (DAPI-stained nuclei in magenta) are shown at low density. See
the article by Wieringa et al. (pages 24–43).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_14.txt,clip,25_14.txt,"On the cover: The image displays GALC enzyme (red) in Purkinje cells of a dog affected with Krabbe
disease after receiving combination HSCT and systemic AAV-cGALC gene therapy as detailed
in Bradbury et al. Image credit: Allison Bradbury and Gary Swain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_16.txt,groundtruth,32_16.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,val
NATURE MATERIALS,23_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.png,D,"This novel mixed-valence manganite is a promising 'playground' for studying the physics of spin, charge and orbital ordering
Cover design by Elena Manferdini",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Recently explored layered materials, from transition metal dichalcogenides to Xenes, and their combination with other 2D and non-2D materials in van der Waals heterostructures, exhibit intriguing fundamental properties and expand the spectrum of applications at reach for the family of 2D materials.
Editorial p155; Perspective p163; Review Articles p170, 182
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY DEEP JARIWALA AND MARK HERSAM AT NORTHWESTERN UNIV.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_11.txt,vitg,16_11.txt,"2D material-wrapped Janus particles
Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles.
See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang.
Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt,vith,17_2.txt,"Moiré superlattices in twisted perovskites
Moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional halide perovskites are realized, revealing the emergence of localized bright excitons with enhanced emissions and trapped charge carriers.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Shuchen Zhang, Purdue University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.txt,groundtruth,23_4.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_11.png,C,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,ave_3,4_2.txt,"Causality-enriched epigenetic clocks
In this issue, Kejun Ying et al. identify CpGs that may be causally linked to aging-related traits using epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization. They develop the epigenetic clocks DamAge and AdaptAge, which track adverse and adaptive outcomes, respectively. The cover image conceptualizes the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process as a cascade of dominoes that links the youthful individual with the old one. Each domino represents a key CpG site with a causal influence on aging undergoing methylation (denoted by the letter ‘M’). The falling of the dominoes embodies causal effects of these methylation events, suggesting a sequential impact on the progression of aging.
See Ying et al.
Image: Ying Fang, Independent Artist, and Kejun Ying, Harvard University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_12.png,A,"The Swiss cheese model was originally proposed to show how hazards
can pass through system defense failures or ‘holes within the cheese.’ In this issue,
Teran et al. use the Swiss cheese model to frame how tumor-promoting mechanisms
promote the development, maintenance, and progression of glioblastoma by finding
‘holes’ in multilayered homeostatic defenses. Image designed by Ashley Durand and
reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_12.txt,groundtruth,10_12.txt,"Cancer is personal. It touches the lives of many and changes them forever. As a scientist,
it is easy to forget the bigger reason for cancer research as we dive ever so deeper
into mechanisms. In this issue, Danielle Loughlin, the new Editor of Trends in Cancer, outlines her vision for the journal going forward. She hopes that Trends in Cancer can prove as a reminder that the ultimate purpose of cancer research is to cure more
patients, and that the content published sparks new ideas that will provide leads
to better treatment systems. Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/Hiroshi Watanabe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_10.txt,vitg,6_10.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"Metronomic therapy has been seen for long as the continuous administration of low
doses of chemotherapy multi-targeting the tumor microenvironment. On pages 319–325
in this issue, André et al. challenge this conventional notion and discuss the clinical
implications of direct cancer-cell toxicity effects. Cover image by iStock/Panptys.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_8.txt,clip,3_8.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.png,D,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Adaptive locomotion for neural walking machines
Learning walking gaits in unstructured environments is a challenging task for multi-legged robots such as the hexapods in the cover image. A modular approach for neural control by Thor et al . in this issue combines multiple primitive closed-loop controllers to allow rapid learning and adaptive behaviour, including pipe and wall climbing, as well as gaits to pass through high, low or narrow gaps.
See Thor et al.
Image: Mathias Thor. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_11.txt,vith,4_11.txt,"Intelligent collaboration within reach
As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics.
See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg
Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"Pre-trained knowledge for lifelike movements
Utilizing pre-training holds great promise in legged robotics to produce effective movements. Han et al. propose a hierarchical framework that reuses pre-trained knowledge across various levels of task and perception. The cover image shows their quadrupedal robot MAX, developed by Tencent Robotics X, which demonstrates lifelike agility and strategic game-playing abilities.
See Han et al.
Image: Robotics X, Tencent Holdings Ltd. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,train
Current Biology,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_2.png,B,"On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia
called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for
walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell.
Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane
potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate
the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently.
SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_21.txt,ave_0,34_21.txt,"On the cover: The microscopic fossil ostracod crustacean shown is used as a time machine
to reconstruct past deep-sea ecosystem changes. In this issue, Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, and their colleagues revealed the 500,000-year history of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem. The researchers
found that the present-day Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem was established at a
major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago. After that, both deep-water temperature
and food supply (via surface plankton production related to iron fertilization that
eventually sinks to the deep-sea floor) substantially affected their deep-sea ecosystem
in different ways. The team highlights the importance of the Southern Ocean deep-sea
ecosystem as a “canary in the coal mine” for future anthropogenic climatic changes
on our planet, and especially highlights the need to carefully think about how we
proceed with ocean-based climate interventions as they mitigate temperature rise but
also affect surface production. Cover image: Jingwen Zhang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, Huai-Hsuan
May Huang, and Moriaki Yasuhara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: The image is a representation of a barrier between the cytoplasm of
a Tetrahymena cell and its cilia, which appears to be part of the mechanism that regulates the
passage of material into and out of the cilia. The barrier contains nine pores through
which pass microtubule doublets that continue out into the axoneme of the cilia. The
size of the outer region of the pore is appropriate for passage of complexes, called
“intraflagellar transport particles,” which travel along the microtubules and carry
components for assembly of the cilia. Proper control of the flow of this material
is essential for formation of fully functional cilia. A report by Ounjai et al. (pages
339–344) in this issue provides insights on the structure and composition of this
regulatory system. Image prepared by Puey Ounjai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_21.txt,clip,23_21.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_8.png,A,"On the cover: As we age—particularly with Alzheimer’s—various processes centered on
our DNA become gradually “broken.” Collectively, these changes, reviewed by Gouveia Roque et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, act as drivers of disease progression and cognitive decline. The cover highlights
this relationship, drawing inspiration from the genetic mosaicism now known to characterize
the Alzheimer’s brain. Image credit: Cláudio Gouveia Roque.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,vith,4_2.txt,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Tong et al. reveal that combining a serine and glycine-free (-SG) diet with PD-1 inhibitors enhances
antitumor immunity synergistically. The cover, inspired by Greek mythology, depicts
Athena battling a giant tumor cell. Wielding a shield empowered by the -SG diet, she
makes tumor eye (MHC-I) more prominent for CD8+ T cells, while her owl (PD-1 inhibitor)
targets PD-L1 to weaken tumor defenses, symbolizing synergistic therapy. Cover art
by Xuelei Ma and Yuhao Wei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_1.txt,groundtruth,36_1.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,ave_2,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,clip,31_6.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.png,D,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,vitg,10_12.txt,"Series on Women’s Health
In this issue, Nature Medicine launches a Series on Women’s Health throughout the life course. Women’s health remains underserved by the medical research community, and the impacts of sex differences and sociocultural factors on the health and wellbeing of women are rarely considered. The first installment of this Series presents a Perspective calling for a life-course approach to the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases in women.
See Series
Image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.txt,groundtruth,30_12.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.png,D,"January 2023 marks the start of a year-long Special series that focuses on scientific
figure development. Through a combination of TrendsTalk interview-style and Technology
of the Month articles, authors, nearly all of whom have contributed to TIBS in the last year or two, share their philosophies on how they develop attractive
and informative scientific figures. The cover art depicts a descriptive workflow of
a Cell Press artist first generating a hand-drawn sketch and subsequently creating
a digital figure. Cover image from Julie Sung, Cell Press Art Team.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_12.txt,vitg,48_12.txt,"On The Cover: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to visualize fluctuations of biological
macromolecules at high resolution, though are often only represented as static figures
in published literature. On pages 902–913 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Peter Hildebrand, Alexander Rose, and Johanna Tiemann highlight how advances
in browser technology may enable scientists to interactively share and visualize simulations
on the web. Cover image source: iStock/AlisaRut.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_2.txt,vith,44_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,clip,47_14.txt,"While certain levels of cellular oxidants can be beneficial for a cell and
activate various arms of the proteostasis network (symbolized by ‘life’ on the right
side of the cover), they can also be harmful, causing oxidative damage to both the
network and the cell (depicted as ‘destruction’ on the left side of the cover). On
pages
761–774, Drs. Agnes Ulfig and Ursula Jakob explore how the roles of cellular oxidants
are balanced within the proteostasis network. Cover image by Dr. Agnes Ulfig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.txt,groundtruth,49_4.txt,train
ACS Nanoscience Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_5.png,A,"The cover is a depiction of a newer variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus engaging with a mammalian cell via the ACE-2 receptor, while antibodies neutralize previous variants in the background to differing extents. In the ongoing battle against COVID-19, the intricate dance between virus mutation and host defenses continues, with immunity yet to be guaranteed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Featured on this cover is a composite confocal fluorescence image of a representative matrix stone section. The image vividly illustrates the extensive organic filamentous networks, abundant with immune response-related proteins such as calprotectin (displayed in red), myeloperoxidase (in yellow), and DNA molecules (in blue). Originating from intricate host-microbe interplay, these organic networks promote the heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of inorganic particulates, culminating in the formation of macroscale aggregates known as ""matrix stones"". This process embodies a unique 'double-edged sword' effect of the host immune response to pathogens in pathological renal biomineralization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_3.txt,ave_3,2023_3.txt,A different ligand ratio was employed in the design of hybrid drug delivery systems based on monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters for targeted cancer therapy and studied via MD simulations. This cover shows a representative case when the most convenient features are exhibited after favoring the targeting ligand (peptide) over the chemo drug. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,"Many metal nanoparticles adopt a face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, as shown on the cover. The surfaces of four facets of this fcc nanoparticle are highlighted on the nanoparticle. Enlarged regions of the atomic arrangements of the surfaces of these facets are shown, along with the subsurface atoms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.png,B,"In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the
emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban
review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell
cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological
processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements
and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of
a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt,vith,26_9.txt,"In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding
role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall
components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover
shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system,
containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR
family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate
immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly
or
indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively).
Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer.
BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,test
Matter,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_6.png,B,"On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a
special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers.
We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting
rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake,
decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,vith,4_1.txt,"On the Cover: For the inaugural issue of Matter, we wanted to reflect the vast scope of materials science without focusing on a particularmaterial,molecular
system, ormanuscript. Here, we explicitly depict the “launching” of Matter via an assembly of representative scale-free building blocks—theoretical components
of all materials systems—from nano to macro and fundamentals to application. Cover
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_4.png,B,"Compatible by design
Building batteries with energy-dense metallic anodes requires compatible electrolytes. Yu et al. develop electrolytes with single-solvent and single-salt components through molecular design, offering promise for high-energy and long-cycle-life lithium metal batteries.
See Yu et al.
Image: Yuchi Tsao, Stanford University Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_6.txt,vith,5_6.txt,"Entangled materials
Molecules with a non-fused ring structure are relatively cheap electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells. Yet, these molecules have poor crystallinity and do not blend well with electron donor materials. Zeng et al. use a binary solvent system to address these issues and demonstrate devices with over 19% power conversion efficiency.
See Zeng et al.
Cover Design: Thomas Phillips. Image: Lei Zhu and Feng Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_4.txt,groundtruth,9_4.txt,"Social dynamics of energy behaviour
Energy use occurs in homes, workplaces and communities in which complex webs of social relations already exist, and social interactions routinely occur. This Focus issue explores how these social relations and interactions shape and are shaped by energy behaviour across a range of contexts.
Image: Steve Proehl / exxorian Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_10.txt,ave_1,5_10.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.png,B,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,ave_1,2024_8.txt,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,clip,2024_7.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.png,D,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,ave_2,10_12.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,"Functional precision medicine
In this issue, Azzam and colleagues show that functional precision medicine — a combination of genomic profiling and drug-sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor cells — can be used to provide personalized treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with relapsed or treatment-refractory cancers. The maze on the cover depicts the challenge of determining the most effective treatment option for pediatric cancers once standard-of-care therapies are no longer an option, and the brain represents functional precision medicine, which could indicate an effective path forward for doctors and their patients.
See De La Rocha et al.
Image: Oscar Negret, Florida International University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.txt,groundtruth,30_9.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_10.png,D,"Watershed nitrate removal by interacting wetlands
Depending on their connectivity to the river network, wetlands can be much more efficient at removing nitrate in a watershed than common nitrogen mitigation strategies according to an analysis of the Minnesota River basin. The image looks down through the vegetation in one of the many wetlands in the Minnesota River basin.
See Hansen et al.
Image: Amy Hansen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/11_11.txt,vitg,11_11.txt,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,clip,13_2.txt,"Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012.
Letter p122
IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt,ave_1,8_11.txt,"Ancient human influence on wildfires
A shift towards more frequent, less intense fires in Australia began about 11,000 years ago due to management by indigenous societies, according to charcoal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon records from cored lake sediments extending back 150,000 years. The image shows a raft-mounted hydraulic coring rig on Girraween Lagoon, northern Australia, looking over to Eucalypt savanna woodland. Middle right is the raft-mounted hydraulic coring rig used to take 18 metres of sediment from the bottom of the lake.
See Bird et al.
Image: Chris Wurster, James Cook University. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_10.txt,groundtruth,17_10.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_6.png,D,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vith,2020_11.txt,The cover depicts a microbiome wherein E. coli (blue) responds to quorum sensing signaling molecules produced by other bacteria. This issue features an article by Styles et al. who report new chemical modulators of an E. coli quorum sensing receptor and the characterization of the mode-of-action of a covalent inhibitor using top-down mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_1.txt,ave_2,2020_1.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,"ELQ-596, a new 3-biaryl endochin-like quinolone, has enhanced potency in vitro against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites.  ELQ-598, a prodrug of ELQ-596, is more effective vs murine malaria than its progenitor ELQ-331 by 4- to 10-fold, suggesting that lower doses could be used to protect humans against malaria",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_8.png,D,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,vitg,9_5.txt,"Range expansion promotes cheaters
Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies develop spatial patterns through cooperative swarming. During experimental evolution experiments, cheaters emerged, leading to the disruption of the spatial patterns and a decline in population fitness. The authors found that populations were more vulnerable to invading cheaters in a spatially extended system due to a higher level of cooperation. This collapse of cooperation during microbial range expansion is shown to be tied to its spatial dynamics: spatial structure promoted the invasion of cheaters, while in well-mixed cultures cheaters remained at low frequencies.
See Luo et al.
Credit line: Nan Luo. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.png,C,"Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al.
Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt,clip,7_11.txt,"Silk is synonymous with luxury, but silk-chemistry extends beyond textiles. This cover image details the structure of silk fibroin polymer chains, which are extracted from silkworm cocoons, and consists of neatly folded crystalline domains connected by amorphous coils. Silk fibroin can be functionalised by carboxylation and coupling reactions to fine-tune its physicochemical properties. Crosslinking reactions facilitate network formation in composite biomaterials. The applications of silk fibroin are legion ranging from tissue adhesives to thermoplastics, for use from biosensing to 3D printing. See Sahoo et al.
Image: Yu-Ting Dingle. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_8.txt,vitg,7_8.txt,"Inserting atoms, ions or molecules between the pristine molecular layers of a 2D material can have a remarkable effect on its properties. Such fine tuning can be exploited to optimize the properties of these materials for applications in thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. The intercalation process can be studied in real-time by in situ imaging and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The cover image illustrates a typical intercalation process of foreign species moving into the gaps between a layered material. See Yang et al.
Cover Image: Ruijie Yang, Zhiyuan Zeng. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"Triboelectric charging is one of the oldest reported scientific observations. But until recently, our understanding of this process has been limited. New approaches, both experimental and theoretical, have begun to address the phenomenon from the perspective of quantum mechanics, surface chemistry and statistical physics and enable us to understand the competing and dynamic processes taking place. See Lacks & Shinbrot
Image and Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_5.txt,vith,3_5.txt,train
Cancer Cell,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/43_1.png,D,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,test
Joule,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_12.png,B,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Ge et al. show that the insulating quartz networks embedded into the natural chalcocite can
block the long-range migration of Cu ions and construct a voltage divider circuit
for realizing excellent electrical stability and thermoelectric performance in the
natural mixed mineral. The cover art shows the natural mineral that can directly convert
temperature gradient to the electricity; the highlighted network structures in the
minerals are the keys to realizing the excellent thermoelectric performance. Image
credit: Dr. Prof. Zhen-Hua Ge.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts AI as becoming critical to overcome the rapidly
widening gap between the existing computational capabilities and the evolving needs
of the electric power industry to cope with the massively increasing complexity and
uncertainty in the electric grid amidst the transition to a low-carbon energy future.
In this issue of Joule, Hamann et al. show how emerging AI foundation models are an ideal technology platform to collaborate
across the sector in a moonshot to harness emerging AI capabilities, which will enable
much more computationally efficient models, by orders of magnitude, for planning,
managing, and controlling the electric grid while providing high performance, adaptability,
and scalability. Artist/source: Lara Karadogan, IBM Research (lara.karadogan@ibm.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_1.txt,ave_1,8_1.txt,"On the Cover: The prevailing perovskite solar cells employ Pb-based organic-inorganic
halide perovskites as light absorbers, raising concerns regarding their inevitable
toxicity and instability. In this issue of Joule, Chen, Zhou, Padture, et al. (pp. 558–570) utilize the nontoxic and earth-abundant
element Ti to replace Pb in making planar-heterojunction solar cells with Cs2TiBr6 perovskite. In the cover image, the green Ti atoms flow into the crystal structures
to replace toxic Pb atoms, creating vacancy-ordered double perovskites. Such solar
cells show stable efficiency and high open-circuit voltage (>1 V), which can be used
to generate electricity from sunlight. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_10.txt,ave_2,2_10.txt,test
Science Robotics,9_93,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_93.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Robust robots. The ability of robots to endure severe damage, as well as offer the possibility for repair, can enable their deployment in challenging settings. Kim et al. have developed aerial robots that can endure several punctures while sustaining controlled flight. The dielectric elastomer actuators on the robots were also designed to be repairable by using laser ablation to isolate the defects and recover their performance. This month’s cover is a photograph of the aerial robot showing one dielectric elastomer actuator pierced with fiberglass needles. Credit: Yi-Husan Hsiao and Sampson Wilcox",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_76.txt,vith,8_76.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Variable-Stiffness Deformable Wheel. Wheels have a low cost of transport over flat ground but struggle to overcome large obstacles. Inspired by the surface tension of a water droplet, Lee et al. developed a morphing wheel that rolls over flat ground in the circular high-modulus state and deforms over obstacles in the low-modulus state. The modulus of the wheel is changed in real time by adjusting the tension in the spoke structure. This month’s cover depicts a two-wheeled mobile platform with variable-stiffness wheels in the low-modulus state rolling over an irregularly shaped rock outdoors. Credit: Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, photo by Sinabro Studio",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_93.txt,groundtruth,9_93.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Opening Doors. Robot swarms are designed to achieve complex global behaviors through simple local interactions between robots with very rudimentary sensing and locomotive abilities. Boudet et al. demonstrate that a swarm of primitive, centimeter-scale, vibrating robots bound by a deformable metal scaffold can give rise to directional motion. The mechanically coupled motion of the simple robots and the scaffold enable nontrivial space exploration in specifically configured environments. This month's cover is a photograph of a swarm of simple robots in a flexible membrane passing through a door. [CREDIT: HAMID KELLAY, JEAN FRANÇOIS BOUDET, BENJAMIN GORIN/UNIVERSITY OFBORDEAUX]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_56.txt,vitg,6_56.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.png,C,"The ultimate resolution for printing colour images is dictated by the diffraction limit of visible light. To achieve this limit, Joel K. W. Yang and co-workers from IMRE, A*STAR in Singapore use a nanopatterned surface composed of silver–gold nanoposts and a backreflector over a silicon substrate. The metallic nanostructures interact with the incident light of a bright-field microscope through surface plasmon resonances and reflect a wide range of colours depending on the diameter and spacing of the nanoposts. The cover shows a false colour close-up of this nanopatterned surface coding for a portion of the left eye in the famous Lena image. The colours of the nanoposts correspond to the actual reflected wavelength, as seen through a bright-field microscope.
Letters p557; News & Views p550
IMAGE: KARTHIK KUMAR, HUIGAO DUAN, RAVI S. HEGDE, SAMUEL C. W. KOH, JENNIFER N. WEI AND JOEL K. W. YANG
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_4.txt,vitg,7_4.txt,"The brightest colours in nature arise from the interaction of light with surfaces that exhibit periodic structure on the micro and nanoscales. In the wings of butterflies, for example, a combination of multilayer interference, optical gratings, photonic crystals and other optical structures gives rise to complex colour mixing, but it remains a challenge to create artificial replicas of natural photonic structures. Now Ulrich Steiner, Jeremy Baumberg and co-workers have used a combination of growth processes — including self-assembly, sputtering and atomic-layer deposition — to fabricate photonic structures that mimic the colour-mixing effect found on the wings of the Papilio blumei butterfly, and to make new structures that display enhanced optical properties. The background image is an optical micrograph of a scale taken from a butterfly wing.
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letter p511",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/5_6.txt,clip,5_6.txt,"Complete photonic bandgap in the visible
The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light.
See Yang et al.
Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt,groundtruth,19_1.txt,"Research into public perceptions of nanotechnology is becoming more rigorous with social scientists developing and testing increasingly complex theoretical models, as demonstrated by three papers in this issue. Dan Kahan and coworkers investigated the influence of cultural factors - in particular, whether individuals were pro- or anti-commerce - on attitudes towards the risks and benefits associated with nanotechnology; Dietram Scheufele and colleagues combined the results of public surveys in the US and Europe to explore the influence of religious beliefs on public perceptions of nanotechnology. In the third study Nick Pidgeon and co-workers found that energy applications of nanotechnology were viewed more positively than health applications in workshops organized in the UK and the US. (Image credit: Dariusz Miszkiel/123RF.)
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letters p87, 91 and 95; News & Views p79; Editorial p71",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/4_11.txt,ave_3,4_11.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_12.png,A,"A novel Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-based fluorescent sensor for imaging the spatial organization of HER2 receptors on the membrane of HER2 overexpressing cancer cells. When the receptors are clustered, the molecules undergo a reversible “turn-on” process. The clusters are disrupted upon exposure to an immunotherapy (Trastuzumab), reducing the emission.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_1,2016_6.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,val
Nano Letters,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_9.png,C,"We report a novel, red-detuned, swing-up excitation of a quantum emitter (represented as the Bloch sphere) to produce high-purity single photons without the need for polarization filtering. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2022_9.txt,vitg,2022_9.txt,"The cover image was made by using Adobe Photoshop, and parts of the image such as the human body, viruses, and drug capsules were edited from Microsoft Bing Image Creator (with AI prompt), Midjourney Inc, and Shutter Stock, respectively.]",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,This work demonstrates a novel strategy to kinetically control enzyme-instructed self-assembly of the peptides in living cells by using host,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2022_7.txt,vith,2022_7.txt,train
Matter,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_8.png,A,"On the cover: This month's cover pays homage to the art nouveau style of vintage alcohol
ads during the early 20th century, specifically the famous “Woman Tips Giant Martini
Glass” ad for Balsam Aperitif by F.X. de Beukelaer distillers, highlighting the hydrophobic
drops of the beverage. In this issue, Jiang and colleagues demonstrate that the contact angles of alcoholic beverages follow a step-like behavior
at critical points, which also correlates to the alcohol content and temperature preference
of popular beverages such as beer, wine, whisky, or Chinese baijiu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a
special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers.
We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting
rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake,
decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt,vith,3_5.txt,"On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to
reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed
to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress
and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary
of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across
48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors
(Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped
us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new
contributions to the materials community.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt,clip,6_6.txt,val
iScience,27_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_10.png,D,"On the cover: The image represents that industrial production, mining, and the use
of metals and related compounds have led to escalated and intensified environmental
pollutions with heavy metals on our planet. High sensitivity to toxic heavy metal
ions mediated by ionotropic receptors helps Drosophilidae to avoid such a polluted environment. Image credit: Fanchen Kong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_7.txt,ave_3,26_7.txt,"On the cover: The image represents a giant clam Tridacna crocea that displays a mantle where photosynthetic symbiotic algae harbor. Giant clams thrive
in oligotrophic tropical waters and rely on the symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae
called zooxanthellae. An algal betaine lipid, from a class of phosphorus-free membrane
lipids, is incorporated and utilized by the clam tissues and cells. This “smart utilization”
of algal lipids may help clams survive in poorly nourished coral reef waters. Image
credit: Ryuichi Sakai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_5.txt,clip,26_5.txt,"On the cover: Colonization of the plant root by beneficial microbes contributes to
plant resiliency and keeps away pathogens. Nordgaard et al. (2022) exploit the rapid
migration of the plant probiotic Bacillus subtilis from one root to another, thereby understanding the traits involved in the life cycle
of this bacterium in the laboratory and experimentally evolving enhanced colonization.
Cover art by Dr. Lizah van der Aart.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_6.txt,ave_2,25_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover image, related to the article by Li et al., vividly depicts the unique microbial ecosystem during the Cambrian “explosion.”
Here, increased microbially induced erosion, particularly by boring cyanobacteria
Endoconchia, significantly influenced the shell calcification process, resulting in the evolution
of complex and densely packed tubule systems in shells of Nomgoliella, one of earliest mineralized mollusks recovered from western Mongolia. Image credit:
Xi Liu and Luoyang Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_10.txt,groundtruth,27_10.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_7.png,D,"Neutrinos from a blazar flare
Blazars, powered by an accreting supermassive black hole, launch collimated relativistic outflows (pictured) that are among the brightest persistent radiation sources in the Universe. The recent IceCube detection of a very-high-energy neutrino from the blazar TXS0506 + 056 in coincidence with a multi-wavelength flare implies that blazars can accelerate cosmic rays beyond petaelectronvolt energies, challenging conventional theoretical models.
See Gao et al. and News & Views by Pian
Image: DESY, Science Communication Lab. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,"Black hole’s stellar fury
The discovery of quasi-periodic eruptions, caused by the repeated and partial tidal disruption of a star around a supermassive black hole, may explain both the hours-long quasi-periodicity in active galactic nuclei and the days-long nuclear transient periodicity observed in compact binary systems.
See Evans et al.
Image: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith (USRA/GESTAR). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_2.txt,ave_3,7_2.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,"The bated bang behind the burst
The brightest gamma-ray burst of all time, GRB 221009A, has a fairly modest supernova behind it, according to JWST observations. This finding demonstrates that the GRB and supernova mechanisms are decoupled, and suggests that other factors must be responsible for the extreme energetics involved.
See Blanchard et al.
Image: Aaron M. Geller, Northwestern, CIERA & IT Research Computing and Data Services. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,test
Cell Reports,43_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_3.png,B,"On the cover: The cover depicts confocal microscopy of Iceberg (CARD18) inserted into
an artistically modified cross-section of a human macrophage. Homotypic CARD-CARD
interactions facilitate the formation of CARD protein filaments, which may eventually
collapse into punctate structures and have been observed for many of the inflammasome-associated
proteins. Stehlik et al. demonstrate that CARD18 inhibits inflammasome-mediated caspase-1
activation. Cover design by Elisabeth Jäger and Christian Stehlik.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/42_10.txt,vith,42_10.txt,"On the cover: Navigating crevasses at night is aided by spatial learning and memory,
which requires forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP).
In this issue of Cell Reports, Rumian et al. describe how the different phases of LTP are mediated by distinct CaMKII functions.
The picture was taken on the slopes of Cotopaxi, an active stratovolcano in Ecuador,
by Ulli Bayer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_3.txt,groundtruth,43_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,clip,25_1.txt,"On the cover: Human pluripotent stem cell lines that contain additional copies of
the WNT3 and WNT9B genes, at 17q21.31, undergo rapid dopaminergic differentiation. The image shows BG03
cells, which contain duplications of WNT3 and WNT9B, in the upper left and BG01V2 cells, with trisomy 17, in the background. After 16
days, colonies of both cell lines contain numerous cells positive for the neuronal
marker TUJ1 (green) and the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (red).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/10_9.txt,ave_1,10_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_3.png,A,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_14.png,A,"Automation in chemical research fosters innovation and efficiency but
introduces a critical dilemma—selecting the appropriate development approach for
automated platforms. This decision involves choosing between fixed automation,
known for specialized setups, and flexible automation, valued for its adaptability.
In their
Forum article, Hein et al. offer an introductory guide to the decision-making process in
adopting automation platforms. The article conducts a comparative analysis of fixed
and flexible automation, providing insights for researchers navigating the intricate
landscape of deploying automated platforms. Image Credit: Tyler R. Donnelly and Rama
El-khawaldeh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_14.txt,groundtruth,6_14.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,ave_1,1_9.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,train
iScience,27_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_9.png,A,"On the cover: People's vision for a future electricity system is decentralized, willing
to accept trade-offs, as shown in Mey et al. The picture captures this future vision with a person walking toward a small-scale
wind farm (six turbines) in the vicinity of several villages and settlements in central
Germany. Image credit: Lech Aleksandrowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_9.txt,groundtruth,27_9.txt,"On the cover: The image represents that industrial production, mining, and the use
of metals and related compounds have led to escalated and intensified environmental
pollutions with heavy metals on our planet. High sensitivity to toxic heavy metal
ions mediated by ionotropic receptors helps Drosophilidae to avoid such a polluted environment. Image credit: Fanchen Kong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_7.txt,vitg,26_7.txt,"On the cover: The image represents an oniric virtual reality environment that shows
how a physical activity, like cycling, improves spatial memory and could benefit both
fitness and cognition. Image credit: Nadia de la Cruz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_9.txt,clip,26_9.txt,"On the cover: The waves and water balloons represent transfected neoblasts in vitro expressing exogenous NanoLuc mRNA. The dark sky is full of black holes, indicating
unknown mysteries in the planarian research field. The tree with fresh leaves in the
river stands for the tremendous efforts and strides in the field. The black holes
remaining to be filled indicate requirements for new tools to study the unknown mysteries
in planarians. Image credit: Kai Lei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_10.txt,vith,26_10.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_9.png,C,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,ave_2,11_3.txt,"Mass spectrometry–based targeted proteomics, our choice for Method of the Year 2012, is allowing biologists to follow sets of proteins with high sensitivity, reliability and quantitative accuracy. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Special feature starts on p19.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/10_12.txt,vith,10_12.txt,"Advanced nanopore-based peptide sequencing
Peptide sequencing by nanopore: a crow drops grapes into a pitcher with a narrow neck, representing the cleavage of a peptide into amino acids and their subsequent detection by a modified nanopore.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Li Zhao, Sichuan University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,test
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_5.png,A,. Co-utilization of type I and type II PTSs facilitates the relocation of the nine-gene limonene biosynthesis pathway by using just three expression cassettes. Dual-regulation in peroxisome and cytoplasm is achieved and employed for enhancing,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,This cover describes a method of metabolic engineering for the production of ectoine based on the heterologous expression of ectoine synthesis-related genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum to increase ectoine production.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"This cover describes an engineered metabolic  negative feedback circuit that regulates fatty acid production in response to  the cellular concentration of a key intermediate, malonyl-CoA, in Escherichia coli. Artwork by Yu Xia and  Di Liu based on DOI: 10.1021/sb400158w.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_11.txt,clip,2015_11.txt,"The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt,ave_1,2016_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_9.png,B,"The availability of synthetic DNA is outstripped by its growing number of uses. With applications in engineering biology, therapy, data storage and nanotechnology, the demand for synthetic DNA is increasing. New technologies have been developed and commercialised to meet this need. By analogy to the advances in word processing, this cover image represents how technological advances can improve the efficiency and scale of DNA syntheses. See Hoose et al.
Image: Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_10.txt,clip,7_10.txt,"Upconversion enables the energy of two long wavelength photons to be combined, resulting in photoexcitation that would otherwise require a single short wavelength photon. Longer wavelength photons penetrate more deeply and so upconversion is especially useful for phototherapy and applications of photochemical reactions on a large scale. This process is shown on the cover where a green target absorbs two red incident rays and emits a single blue ray. See Huang et al.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al.
Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt,vitg,7_11.txt,"Discovery and design of new therapeutics require understanding of processes across different spatiotemporal scales. The development of multiscale simulation techniques enables us to simultaneously study drug mechanism of action at both atomic and cellular level. The cover image is a representative example of a quantum mechanics–molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model of an enzyme–drug complex (data from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (21), pp 8001–8015).
Image: Adrian Mulholland, Pek IeongDesign: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_9.txt,vith,2_9.txt,val
Trends in Biotechnology,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.png,A,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,vith,31_11.txt,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.txt,clip,43_1.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.png,D,"This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis.  Image credit: Benyin Zhang",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt,ave_3,2017_6.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,"A harmonious collection of glycans and glycoconjugates, called the glycocalyx, encases many cells to orchestrate interactions with the extracellular environment. Cover image by Cristina Corbaci, Meg Critcher, Timothy O",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,"screening of 41716 compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identifies pre-clinical anticancer mycotoxins chaetocin and chetomin as potent inducers of novel nuclear metal homeostasis protein NUMR-1/2 in the alimentary canal.  Chaetomiaceae fungi and C. elegans inhabit similar environments, raising the possibility that NUMR-1/2 functions as a resistance mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_4.png,C,"The cover illustrates the general classification of allosteric modulators. This issue features an Article by Gado et al. in which the identification of the first synthetic PAM of the CB2 receptors is disclosed. (Gado, F.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00368) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_24.txt,vith,2019_24.txt,"A single-dose oral administration of a natural-product-derived candidate 5 (3 mg/kg) can inhibit >80% of DPP-4 activity for over 7 days in vivo and present long-term antidiabetic efficacies. (Li, S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01491)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_20.txt,vitg,2019_20.txt,"1,2,4-Triazole-3-thione derivative HD2 is a highly potent and selective DCN1 inhibitor with favorable PK properties and low toxicity. Additionally, HD2 effectively relieved Ang II/TGFβ-induced cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro and reduced ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis as well as remodeling in vivo",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,clip,2018_2.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_6.png,A,"Blue butterflies (reagents) try to access to the flowers (catalytic sites) either arranged randomly on the surface of the left tree (dendrimer) or precisely on the surface of the right tree (dendrimer). After reaching the flowers, blue butterflies are transformed to orange butterflies (products).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"The cover art demonstrates the helix-forming thin films, which have the ability to emit strong circularly polarized luminescence (indicating iCPL behavior) and to absorb specific circularly polarized light (also indicating iCPL behavior).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,This study reports the self-excited fluorescence of a microscale-damaged microchannel inside a nanocomposite under the influence of an electric field. The imaging results present the spatial development morphology of electrical trees inside the polymer. This work aids in the precision imaging-guided structural design of nano dielectrics and has practical application potential in extreme environments.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_2.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Liao et al. reveal amino acid as a major carbon supplier for fatty acid synthesis in the liver.
The landscape painting metaphorically illustrates the distinct metabolic fates of
amino acid and carbohydrate: (1) the blue waterfall representing amino acid flux pours
directly into the liver-shaped yellow pool symbolizing hepatic lipid deposition; (2)
the red river depicting glucose flux first drains into a lake portraying glycogen
synthesis, and the remaining branch winds through indirect pathways for conversion
to lactate/acetate before reaching the downstream pool. Illustration by Yilie Liao
and Yun Gu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_2.txt,groundtruth,36_2.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,ave_1,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments
caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which,
in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the
boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere
suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption.
Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_4.txt,clip,36_4.txt,val
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_1.png,D,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Intelligent collaboration within reach
As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics.
See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg
Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"Pre-trained knowledge for lifelike movements
Utilizing pre-training holds great promise in legged robotics to produce effective movements. Han et al. propose a hierarchical framework that reuses pre-trained knowledge across various levels of task and perception. The cover image shows their quadrupedal robot MAX, developed by Tencent Robotics X, which demonstrates lifelike agility and strategic game-playing abilities.
See Han et al.
Image: Robotics X, Tencent Holdings Ltd. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.txt,ave_2,6_6.txt,"Learned social interaction patterns
Biomimetic robots can be used to study animal social behaviour. Jia et al. designed an interactive robot and use imitation learning to provide it with subtle templates of social behaviour. Through long-term and repetitive interactions, the robot can modulate the emotional state of rats. The image shows a rat-like robot interacting with a freely behaving rat by expressing complex postures.
See Jia et al.
Image: Qing Shi, Beijing Institute of Technology. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,train
Science Immunology,10_103,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/10_103.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Reversing the Hands of Time. Inflammaging is the age-associated increase in systemic inflammation, which can have negative effects on blood cell production and the immune system. Using a mouse model of premature hematopoietic aging, Ramalingam et al. identified thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as a driver of age-associated changes to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Deletion of Thbs1 prevented HSC myeloid bias, loss of HSC self-renewal, and systemic signs of inflammaging in aged mice. This month’s cover illustration depicts the process of HSC inflammaging as a pocket watch. Thbs1 gene deletion causes the watch hands to move backwards, which reverses aging-associated HSC defects and turns back the clock on inflammaging. Credit: Rioka Hayama",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/10_103.txt,groundtruth,10_103.txt,ONLINE COVER Double Feature. This month's cover illustration is an artist's depiction of changes in intratumoral CD8+ T cell function elicited by combination cancer immunotherapy. Wang et al. report that treatment with both agonist anti-GITR and blocking anti-PD-1 antibodies (only affecting the right half of the T cell) triggers transcriptional pathways that lead to enhanced cellular activation (orange cell membrane) and increased cytokine production (dark blue ovals emerging from cell surface). Synergistic activation of the in vivo CD8+ T cell response is associated with robust tumor elimination (with tan cancer cells infiltrating only alongside the untreated left half of the T cell). [CREDIT: RACHEL URKOWITZ],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/3_29.txt,vith,3_29.txt,"ONLINE COVER On the Clock. During pregnancy, the mother's organ systems, including her immune system, adapt to the growing fetus. By carrying out high-dimensional analyses of immune responses in pregnant women, Aghaeepour et al. have charted immune system adaptations during the course of a human pregnancy. This immunological time line is critical for healthy mothers and babies. [CREDIT: JONYA/ISTOCKPHOTO]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_15.txt,ave_2,2_15.txt,"ONLINE COVER Clock-Watching Intestinal ILC3s. On this month's cover is a sundial, one of the earliest methods to keep track of time. Teng et al. and Wang et al. found that expression of several key genes in murine intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) exhibited circadian oscillation. Deletion of key circadian clock genes in mice compromised intestinal ILC3 development and function. The roles that clock genes play in ILC3 biology are discussed by Burrows and Mortha in a related Focus. [CREDIT: ISTOCK.COM/DBENCEK]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_40.txt,clip,4_40.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_3.png,A,"Ripe pears can undergo alcoholic fermentation. They release ethanol. Our system, based on enzymatic reactions, can image the distribution of ethanol released from pears. In other words, it is a conversion of odor information into visual information. It is expected that intelligent olfactory sensor systems will be used in agriculture, for example, to locate and sort ripe fruit based on odor-visual information.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_1,2024_1.txt,"The cover shows a configuration of a resistive-type gas sensor based on Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers. A facile solvothermal approach for Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers with well-defined morphologies is demonstrated. The incorporation of Al ions into NiO nanocrystals contributes to a remarkable difference in changes of the carrier concentration and distribution of oxygen component, offering excellent sensing characteristics in detecting and recognizing ethanol gas molecules. Image created by Chen Wang. See DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00123.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_11.txt,ave_2,2016_11.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.png,A,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"On the journal cover a degraded perovskite photovoltaic device is depicted in the back. The recent work of Bogachuk et al. demonstrates an effective end-of-life strategy to reuse part of the device and remanufacture such solar cells and modules via a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach, which strongly reduces their carbon footprint.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.txt,ave_2,2024_10.txt,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_9.png,D,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,ave_2,2011_9.txt,The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,ave_1,2014_5.txt,"Cancer cells showed an incredible adaptive tumor response to the inhibition of the sequentially mutated EGFR, triggering the need of designing novel mutant-selective TKIs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.png,B,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"COVER: ‘Fluid motion’, inspired by the Review on p326.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_7.txt,vitg,22_7.txt,"‘On the same wavelength’, inspired by the Perspective on p181.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,train
Molecular Cell,85_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_3.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Newton et al. (pp. 3533–3545) reveal how DNA topology regulates Cas9 off-target
activity. Using single-molecule microscopy, NGS, and live-cell editing, they show
that negative DNA supercoiling increases Cas9 off-target activity across the human
genome. In the same way that they were able to manipulate and unwind individual DNA
molecules, the artwork depicts two hands untwisting the DNA, exposing a Cas9 off-target
site. This beautiful illustration is brought to life by the Dotted Leafs art team
with Matt Newton's and David Rueda's assistance.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_6.txt,vith,83_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wong et al. (pp. 3–16) use fluorescence microscopy to track the processing of DNA
lesions during DNA replication in a time- and space-resolved manner in budding yeast.
The image shows individual cells of one of the strains used in this study, where key
factors localized in and around the nucleus are visualized by means of fluorescent
protein tags: the single-stranded DNA-binding RPA complex, shown here in green, serves
as a reporter for sites of damaged DNA; the nuclear periphery is decorated in red,
and nuclear pores are in blue. The study shows how—in response to polymerase-blocking
lesions—local clusters of single-stranded DNA emerge in the wake of replication forks
and are resolved far away from sites of ongoing genome replication in dedicated subnuclear
compartments, so-called postreplicative repair territories (PORTs).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/77_6.txt,vitg,77_6.txt,"On the cover: The artwork, designed by Gianluca Matera and Imma Matera (Tipstudio)
and realized by Imma Matera, represents the main findings of the research article
from Matera et al. (pp. 629–644) in this issue of Molecular Cell. The central part of the graphic shows an actual porous sponge (OppX RNA in the article)
in the process of absorbing RNA molecules (sRNAs such as MicF). The sponging events
lead to optimized nutrient transport, artistically realized with pearl chains (oligopeptides)
passing through holes (porins). The choice of the background colors were purely based
on aesthetic reasons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/82_22.txt,clip,82_22.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_3.txt,groundtruth,85_3.txt,val
Trends in Cancer,10_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_7.png,C,"To celebrate the 1st anniversary of Trends in Cancer, we reflect with excitement on the new frontiers shaping the cancer field landscape.
On pages 534–548 in this issue, we welcome José Baselga, Jennifer Doudna, Suzanne
Cory, Mel Greaves, Barbara Dunn and Paul Workman to hear their vision of the leading
priorities for advancing cancer research and clinical care and “ending cancer as we
know it”. Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"Fast-paced advances in single-cell sequencing technologies allow unprecedent ways
to probe tumor development, evolution, and response to therapies. On pages 13–19,
González-Silva et al. discuss the opportunities and roadblocks to use these technologies to unravel the
complexities of tumor heterogeneity, and translation into patient care. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_13.txt,vith,6_13.txt,"An immune rich microenvironment correlates with improved outcomes
for patients with breast cancer and response to chemotherapies, forming the rationale
for T cell-based immunotherapies in the treatment of some forms of breast cancer.
In this issue, Rayson et al. review the composition of the immune infiltrates in breast
cancer and discuss its pertinent role in identifying biomarkers for immune checkpoint
blockade and for effective combination therapy strategies. The cover represents a
tumor microenvironment (garden) filled with a variety of immune cell types (flower
variety) that contribute to the tumor’s growth or suppression. Image courtesy of
gettyimages/Pobytov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_7.txt,groundtruth,10_7.txt,"Tumor cell dormancy has been linked to late cancer relapse. On pages 66–78 in this
issue, Prunier et al. examine recent evidence pointing to a central role for TGF-β signaling in regulating
mechanisms of cellular dormancy, and discuss therapeutic approaches. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.png,C,"The role of the gut microbiota in body weight homeostasis, inspired by the Review on p258.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_8.txt,clip,19_8.txt,"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cells, inspired by the Review on p455.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"COVER: Emerging complications of diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_4.txt,vith,18_4.txt,val
Cell Stem Cell,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Shen and Zaballa et al. report on using Yamanaka factors (YF) for partial reprogramming in the mouse brain.
During development, YF induction results in increased neural proliferation, cortex
expansion, and improved behavior. Similar induction at adult stages improves neuron
plasticity and prevents the development of several Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks.
The cover image depicts a white, leafless winter tree that represents the aging neuron.
A segment of a branch, drawn in green with pink flowers, symbolizes the effects of
partial reprogramming in the brain, suggesting new neuron growth and rejuvenation.
Cover composed by Julia Kuhl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,clip,28_1.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,vith,8_1.txt,train
Science Advances,11_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_6.png,B,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,ONLINE COVER The reaction of Arabidopsis seedling skin when simultaneously exposed to a stomata-increasing small molecule and a peptide that triggers immune response. Green represents the nucleus of a cell that has the potential to become a stoma; magenta indicates the cell periphery. Herrmann and Sepuru et al. discovered that the activation of immune signaling can cross-regulate the otherwise highly specific stomatal development signaling if the availability of the shared downstream components becomes suboptimal. Images were taken with a confocal microscope. Credit: Arvid Herrmann,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_6.txt,groundtruth,11_6.txt,"ONLINE COVER Co-expression of optix (cyan) and frizzled2 (green) mRNA in a pupal hindwing of Bicyclus anynana, the squinting bush brown butterfly. Wnt signaling genes play an integral role in the communications of multicellular biological systems. To show how Wnt signaling influences eyespot and band butterfly wing patterns, Banerjee et al. demonstrate that different members of the Wnt signaling pathways are spatially and temporally regulated during different stages of wing development. This work gives insight into how interaction between different Wnt signaling pathways influences complex biological color patterns, as well as the differentiation of other biological tissues. Credit: Image by Dr. Tirtha Das Banerjee (Antónia Monteiro Lab)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_30.txt,vith,9_30.txt,"ONLINE COVER Tears reveal more than just emotion. Tears' extracellular vesicles (EVs) allow us to see molecular-level signs of different diseases or actions of other organs inside our bodies. Hu et al. found that tear EVs act as immune effectors, maintain retinal homeostasis, and regulate inflammation. The rich bioinformation that tears carry offer value beyond the ocular system. Credit: Hu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_11.txt,clip,9_11.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_11.png,B,"Sticking together
Direct interaction of influenza virus with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract results in increased bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelial cells in culture and in higher bacterial burdens in vivo.
See Rowe, H. M. et al.
Image: Jason Rosch, Hannah Rowe and Aaron Pitre. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_5.txt,ave_0,4_5.txt,"Visualizing Tc toxin release
This image shows type 10 secretion system (T10SS)-mediated Tc toxin release by Yersinia entomophaga, as captured by cryo-electron tomography. Spanin-mediated membrane fusion triggers bacterial lysis and the explosive discharge of pre-assembled toxins by a subset of the bacterial population.
See Sitsel et al.
Credit: Oleg Sitsel and Stefan Raunser, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_11.txt,groundtruth,9_11.txt,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_10.png,B,"In this issue
This month we reflect on the lack of improvement in child dental health in recent years and the current impact of the cost-of-living crisis.
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_10.txt,vitg,36_10.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 3 | March
When PHE was abolished, Dental Public Health found itself in a tricky position. This month's cover feature asks where the Parvus sed potens specialty is today",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_10.txt,groundtruth,37_10.txt,"In this issue...
In April's edition of BDJ In Practice we take a look at how the public perceives dentistry - and why
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_9.txt,vith,35_9.txt,"In this issue
This April edition of BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into social media - is it a risky activity or a beneficial commodity for a dental professional?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_9.txt,clip,36_9.txt,train
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.png,C,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,groundtruth,2022_3.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_10.png,A,"Cover Credit: PANoptosis is a new type of cell death featured with pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis as a result of PANoptosome formation. The core components of PANoptosome are CASP8 and RIPK3. The picture is a fluorescence microscopic visualization of the PANoptosome formed in macrophages which can be inhibited by inhibitors of reverse electron transport. Doi: 10.1038/s41401-023-01182-8. See the article in pages 594–608",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_10.txt,groundtruth,45_10.txt,"Cover Credit: Reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles for tumor-targeted protein degradation and anticancer therapy. The reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by self-assembly of the PROTAC-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymer and further functionalized with a CRGDK ligand. The resulting PROTAC prodrug NPs can specifically target tumor cells and be efficiently internalized by recognizing neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Remarkably, the PROTAC prodrug NPs efficiently degraded the protein targets BRD4 and CDK9 for inhibiting tumor growth in an mouse model of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer. More importantly, the PROTAC prodrug NP can serve as a platform for co-delivering chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) to perform combinatory cancer therapy. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01266-z). See the article in pages 1740–1751.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.txt,ave_2,45_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_3.png,D,"AAV-based gene therapy for neurological disorders, inspired by the Review on p789.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_3.txt,clip,22_3.txt,"Artificial intelligence in drug design, inspired by the Perspective on p353.
Cover design: Susanne Harris. Original structure image from Kheng Ho Toh/Alamy Stock Photo.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_8.txt,ave_2,19_8.txt,"Immune targets for antidepressants, inspired by the Review on p224.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_10.txt,vitg,21_10.txt,"A golden age for muscarinic receptors as targets for neurological diseases, inspired by the Review on p743.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_3.txt,groundtruth,23_3.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_8.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Benayahu Elbaz and Brian Popko review the molecular pathways that govern the development
of oligodendrocytes, the specialized glial cells responsible for myelinating the central
nervous system (CNS). The cover image shows a newborn foal, along with its dam. Foals
are born well myelinated, which correlates with their ability to stand and walk immediately
following birth. In contrast, mouse pups are born helpless and without mature oligodendrocytes
or myelin, making them ideal model organisms to study developmental myelination and
factors that disrupt this critical process. People are born with some myelin, but
the process of human CNS myelination is not complete until adulthood. Cover image
by iStock/janpla01.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_9.txt,clip,42_9.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Neurosciences is focused on providing an overview
of the latest research findings related to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia,
depression and bipolar disorder. The cover art for this issue is a digital art design,
entitled All of us, by Yulonda Rios. Ms Rios is an artist whose work is centered on
depicting stories of the human condition; this design conceptually depicts multiple
personalities and/or voices that are associated with a number of mental illnesses,
including schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder. More information on Ms
Rios’ artwork can be found at http://www.yulondarios.com/",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/35_12.txt,vitg,35_12.txt,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vith,46_1.txt,"Human infants undergo rapid and profound changes in behavior and
cognition, yet the underlying brain mechanisms are poorly understood. New methods
for data acquisition and analysis are beginning to reveal the functional development
of the infant brain. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nick Turk-Browne and
Dick Aslin review these recent advances and provide a road map for the future of infant
brain imaging in humans. The cover image captures several features that characterize
this future, including awake and attentive state, large field of view of naturalistic
stimuli,
and head-mounted sensors. Cover art by Casey Roonan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_8.txt,groundtruth,47_8.txt,test
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.png,A,"Regenerative senescence in cardiac repair
Zhang et al. show that the transcription factor Egr1 regulates transient senescence in cardiac fibroblasts during neonatal heart regeneration and upon agrin-mediated cardiac repair in adult mice, acting downstream of the integrin–FAK–ERK1/2–Akt1 axis.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Genia Brodsky, Design Section, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.txt,groundtruth,3_5.txt,"Breakdown of T cell tolerance checkpoints in atherosclerosis
Wang, Zhang, Lu et al. (this issue) and Depuydt, Schaftenaar et al. (previous issue) show that atherosclerosis is a bona fide T cell autoimmune disease.
See Wang et al.
Image: Xinger Wu; cover concept: Z. Wang, X. Zhang and C. Yin. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,ave_1,3_6.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,val
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.png,C,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"High-quality semiconductor fibers were developed by a thermal drawing technique with selected pairs of semiconductor materials and synthetic materials, including silicon and germanium, glassy semiconductors, and two-dimensional semiconductors. The semiconductor fibers may find multiple applications in the field of wearable electronics, such as on-cloth sensors and wearable energy harvesting and storage devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,ave_1,2023_8.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_9.png,A,"Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced carcinogenic effects on mammalian skin. Many sunscreens harness the UVR absorbing properties of ZnO and TiO2, which results in a white film left on the skin. Factors contributing to white cast include particle size, polymeric dispersion, and surface treatment of the ZnO and TiO2 used in sunscreens. This Viewpoint provides a physicochemical framework for best practices in standardizing the white cast potential of sunscreen formulations with metal oxide UVR filters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt,vith,2024_10.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.png,B,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_3,6_6.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_6.png,D,"Super CO2
In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
See Qi et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt,ave_2,6_9.txt,"Plasmonic hydrodefluorination
Photocatalysis with plasmonic metal nanostructures is an enabling technology for more sustainable chemical transformations. This cover illustration depicts plasmonic hydrodefluorination based on aluminium nanocrystal-supported palladium islands for the effective activation of unsaturated carbon–fluorine bonds in fluoromethane in the presence of deuterium gas. The contribution of photogenerated hot carriers to regenerating the palladium active sites via deuterium desorption leads to enhanced reactivity under visible light.
See Halas et al.
Image: Hossein Robatjazi, University of California, Santa Barbara. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_6.txt,vitg,3_6.txt,"Light oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic H2O2 production is coupled with heterogeneous propylene epoxidation in an integrated proof-of-concept device. This approach allows for direct production of propylene oxide using O2 and light without external bias or sacrificial reagents.
See Ko et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic/Younghee Lee. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_4.png,A,"Electric gold nugget formation in quartz
Quartz emits a piezoelectric charge during deformation that may promote the formation of gold nuggets within veins in orogenic settings that experience earthquakes, according to a study using quartz deformation experiments and piezoelectric modelling. This image presents a false-coloured X-ray tomography reconstruction of gold in quartz from the Discovery orogenic gold deposit located northeast of Yellow Knife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
See Voisey et al.
Image: Chris Voisey, Monash University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_4.txt,groundtruth,17_4.txt,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,clip,13_2.txt,"The composition, structure and evolution of the Moon's mantle is poorly constrained. A global survey of the Moon's surface, using the spectral profiler onboard the Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (Kaguya), identifies a number of exposures of olivine in concentric regions around lunar craters, with a possible mantle origin. The cover is a composite image of the region around Mare Orientale on the Moon, obtained with SELENE, and improved in resolution by a Clementine UVVIS 750-nm image. Colours are assigned to the principal components of the spectral data. Credit: JAXA/SELENE, NASA.
Letter p533; News & Views p517",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/3_5.txt,ave_3,3_5.txt,"The role of static versus dynamic stresses in earthquake clusters is unclear. Analysis of earthquakes triggered by a dyke intrusion at an Icelandic volcano unambiguously demonstrates that static stresses are important for earthquake clustering. The image shows the Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland on 2 September 2014.
Letter p629
IMAGE: BOB WHITE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_5.txt,vitg,8_5.txt,test
NATURE MEDICINE,30_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_2.png,C,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vitg,25_12.txt,"Tracking Patient Journeys
In this issue, Heumos and colleagues present ehrapy, an open-source framework which combines electronic healthcare records allowing for analysis of a patient’s journey through the healthcare system. On the cover, patients' journeys are visualized as taking place over a landscape, constructed of electronic healthcare records, and patients can travel across this landscape in many ways finishing in different places - for instance recovered or with chronic disease.
See Heumos et al.
Image: Su Suh, SciStories LLC. Cover design: Marina Spencer",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_2.txt,groundtruth,30_2.txt,"Functional precision medicine
In this issue, Azzam and colleagues show that functional precision medicine — a combination of genomic profiling and drug-sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor cells — can be used to provide personalized treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with relapsed or treatment-refractory cancers. The maze on the cover depicts the challenge of determining the most effective treatment option for pediatric cancers once standard-of-care therapies are no longer an option, and the brain represents functional precision medicine, which could indicate an effective path forward for doctors and their patients.
See De La Rocha et al.
Image: Oscar Negret, Florida International University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.txt,ave_3,30_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_2.png,D,"In our January issue: articles on myofibroblasts in fibrotic diseases, drug repurposing in patients with rheumatic diseases, and behavioural economics in rheumatology.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_12.txt,ave_2,16_12.txt,"In our November issue: articles on fibromyalgia, precision medicine in psoriatic arthritis and sex hormones in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_2.txt,clip,16_2.txt,"In our December issue: articles on osteoarthritis therapies, IgG4-related disease, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and antinuclear antibody testing.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_1.txt,ave_1,16_1.txt,"Cover inspired by the Review on p671
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,train
iScience,27_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_1.png,D,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,vith,27_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"On the cover: Movable scattered units engraved with different types of cells gradually
assemble into a human shape. The accumulation of single-cell data provides growing
resources for constructing atlases for all cells of a human organ or the whole body.
Chen et al. (2022) developed a unified informatics framework that enables seamless
cell-centric assembly of scRNA-seq data from diverse sources and built the first human
ensemble cell atlas (hECA). hECA enables “in-data” exploration of the atlas as a virtual
human body with customizable logic expressions on all recorded features of the assembled
cells, provides quantitative portraitures of biological entities (organs, cell types,
and genes), and facilitates cell-type annotations with customizable references. Artwork
by Yuankui Lyu and Ruoqi Li, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_7.txt,clip,25_7.txt,"On the cover: Can artificial intelligence (AI), renowned for its powerful learning
abilities, learn the rich emotional meanings embedded in the lines of Shakespeare's
plays through mere exposure to language? This image representing Ming et al.'s exploration shows an exciting prospect: an AI stepping up the linguistic ladder,
from the void of the senses to the theater of human emotional understanding. The ladder
and void represent the fact that the AI can only access language experience, but this
is sufficient to form a representation of emotion knowledge. Relying on language-based
knowledge representations, the AI has taken its own path to developing emotional competence,
and perhaps one day, it will actually walk into a theater to enjoy Shakespeare's plays.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_1.txt,groundtruth,27_1.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.png,B,The special issue titled “The Future of Biomacromolecules at a Crossroads of Polymer Science and Biology” presents contributions from world-wide experts invited to speak at the symposium designed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Biomacromolecules to recognize and celebrate the achievements and impact of the most exciting research being conducted to converge the scientific fields of macromolecular and biological sciences because this has been the mission of Biomacromolecules since its inception. These contributions are organized into four subsections on the main topics of (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,"The hierarchical evolution of the development of one-component multifunctional sequence-defined ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (IAJDs) co-assembling with mRNA into dendrimersome nanoparticles (DNPs) targeting in vivo delivery to various organs is illustrated. This process started with the discovery of the self-assembly of helical rodlike and spherical helices virus-like supramolecular assemblies self-organizing periodic and quasiperiodic arrays including Frank–Kasper and quasicrystals and biological membrane mimics, and continued with elucidation of mechanisms, to unravel a one-component viral-like programmed synthetic vector for nanomedicine.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The cover represents a special issue on Renewable Molecules & Materials and the Anselme Payen Award Symposium in honor of Ann-Christine Albertsson, the founding Editor-in-Chief of Biomacromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_8.txt,ave_1,2020_8.txt,"The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.png,A,"BOLD troubles
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a key tool for understanding brain function. Korponay et al. show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal — which fMRI uses to measure brain activity — is susceptible to artefacts from low-frequency blood flow signals (sLFOs), which can produce false positives in functional connectivity. These artefacts, linked to changes in respiration and heart rate during scanning, distort connectivity measures. The authors develop a specialized sLFO denoising method, which improves the accuracy and reliability of functional connectivity findings.
See Korponay et al.
Image: Marc Raley. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Why much of our charitable giving is ineffective
People donate billions each year, yet giving is often ineffective. Over five experiments, Burum and colleagues tested an explanation for inefficient giving based on evolutionary game theory, ruling out alternative accounts based on cognitive or emotional limitations.
See Burum et al.
Cover image: CatLane / E+ / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.png,C,The cover depicts N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) betaines as efficient organocatalysts for β-BL polymerization to produce light poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with well-defined Flory–Schulz molecular weight distributions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_21.txt,vith,2024_21.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.png,A,"The image depicts a novel small molecule, PPA24, entering a cancerous cell and binding to the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A to induce its activation and subsequently kill the colon cancer cell through apoptosis. The graphic was created with the assistance of Leonardo.AI. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_4.png,C,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,ave_2,31_5.txt,"Even though cultivated meat has been approved for sale and consumption
in multiple countries, its consumer appeal remains low, in part because of poor perceptions
of palatability. In pages 1112–1127 of this issue, Lambert and colleagues discuss
scientific
and engineering approaches to improving palatability in cultivated meat. The cover
image
was inspired by the bright watercolor qualities of vintage food advertisements, displaying
the delicious appeal and palatability of this cell/ham hybrid which any housewife
would want
to serve on her table. Cover image from Marissa Sirois, VI4 Artist-in-Residence Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt,ave_1,31_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.png,A,"‘Neuroscience in natural contexts’, inspired by the Perspective on p809
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"‘Curious cats’ inspired by the Review on p758
Cover Design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/19_1.txt,clip,19_1.txt,"‘A mouse’s-eye view’ inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_12.txt,ave_2,21_12.txt,"‘Making forecasts’ inspired by the Perspective on p231.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_9.txt,ave_1,21_9.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_7.png,B,"In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on
human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects
of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems
balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the
occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images
Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt,clip,43_11.txt,"The effect of COVID-19 on the high number of immunocompromised
people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), particularly in Africa, remains a global and significant
concern. On pages 511–522, Moore and colleagues discuss antibody responses to
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in PLWH vs. non-infected individuals. They also
provide insight into the effects of persistent SARS-CoV2 infection in PLWH, including
intra-host diversity, viral shedding, and variant evolution. The illustration depicts
the Fab
of a cross-reactive neutralizing antibody targeting the CD4 binding site of HIV-1
gp120.
Image credit: Mehau Kulyk, SPL/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_7.txt,groundtruth,45_7.txt,"Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated
with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies,
autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705,
Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity
and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms
of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image
credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt,vith,42_5.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,test
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_4.png,C,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,ave_0,30_2.txt,"On pp. 527–534 of this issue, Cleo Bertelsmeier and Laurent Keller discuss the “bridgehead
effect” in invasive populations, examining whether there is conclusive evidence for
it and offering alternative explanations. The cover shows the glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), one of the species they discuss. Photo: Cody Hough via Wikimedia Commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/33_6.txt,clip,33_6.txt,"As CO2 levels increase, plants produce more biomass. However, the
concentration of essential elements is reduced. This means herbivores such as the
pipevine swallowtail caterpillar (Battus philenor) pictured, are feeding on lower quality
plant tissue – a phenomenon referred to as “nutrient dilution”. On pages 809–820,
Michael Kaspari and Ellen Welti argue that nutrient dilution could be a key driver
in global
herbivore declines. Image credit: David Rintoul.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_4.txt,groundtruth,39_4.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_7.png,B,"Exploring the cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in mice
The effects of anesthetics on an animal are important considerations for both animal welfare and scientific research, with consequences for how researchers interpret results with their subjects. Isoflurane, for example, has long been thought to cause cardiovascular depression in mice. A new research article revisits this anesthetic, exploring a variety of different measures in search of the effects of isoflurane on cardiovascular function.
See Poon et al.
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_11.txt,vitg,50_11.txt,"Effect of housing temperature on gut motility
A growing body of evidence suggests that housing mice at 22°C induces chronic cold stress in the animals. In a new Article, Han et al. show that mice raised at 22°C display faster gut transit than mice raised at 30°C, due to increased stress signals. These results further highlight the influence of environmental factors on mouse biology, which can affect experimental reproducibility.
See Monack et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_7.txt,groundtruth,53_7.txt,"The case for including more female mice in research
Male mice have been the default in scientific experiments for decades, based on the assumption that hormonal fluctuations across the estrous cycle make females more variable than males. In a News & Views this month, Bronwyn Graham discusses recent findings showing that the estrous phase had little effect on the exploratory behavior of female mice, and that female mice were actually less variable than males.
See Graham
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_8.txt,clip,52_8.txt,"Making the COVID-19 model
When considering what animal to use to model a particular disease, mice are a frequent first choice. Mice will no doubt be important as researchers rush to understand the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus and find ways to prevent and to treat the resulting disease. Mice though likely won’t stand alone—before all is said and done, hamsters, ferrets, different species of nonhuman primates, and more may find themselves with roles to play in infectious disease labs around the world searching for a cure to COVID-19.
See Eisenstein
Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_6.txt,vith,49_6.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_14.png,A,"Tröger's base-derived benzoxazine was synthesized using a continuous three-step approach from 2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5] diazocine-3,9-diamine with no intermediates isolation or purification. Ring-opening polymerization transformed it into a polymer with intrinsic microporosity. The obtained polymer was fluorescent only in the solid state. When the curing temperature rose, the polymer emission maximum shifted red.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,clip,2010_11.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,vitg,2012_7.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,ave_2,2018_16.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_2.png,B,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,vith,2012_7.txt,"2D semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted huge interest in extending Moore’s law beyond silicon. This account briefly reviews recent research advances and presents the authors’ own insights into the mechanisms of controllable growth, defect repairing and Ohmic contact of MoS2 as well as the standing challenges.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Cycloparaphenylene, a carbon nanoring consisting solely of benzene rings, can now be synthesized in a size-selective fashion by connecting linear and bent building blocks in a programmable manner. Cover design by Miho Toyoshima and Haruka Omachi. Layout by Amy Meyer Phifer",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_5.txt,clip,2012_5.txt,This cover shows the detailed stacking conformation of two triarylamine molecules and their subsequent growth in functional supramolecular polymers featuring exceptional electronic and photonic transport properties. See article by Nicolas Giuseppone and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00536). Cover art by Mathieu Le Jeune.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,test
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_5.png,A,"Brittle star genome
Amphiura filiformis is a brittle star species that lives in burrows in the seabed. It extends its serpent-like arms to suspension-feed on plankton, which leaves the arms vulnerable to a wide range of predators. As an adaptation to this lifestyle, this species has evolved impressive arm regeneration abilities. The brittle star genome sheds light on the molecular basis of this efficient regeneration process.
See Parey et al
Image: Fredrik Pleijel. Cover Design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Jellyfish genomes
Genome sequencing of a scyphozoan and a cubozoan jellyfish sheds light on the evolution of medusa-specific structures. Adult moon jelly (Aurelia aurita) is depicted.
See Khalturin et al.
Image: Konstantin Khalturin. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_8.txt,clip,3_8.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,val
Trends in Cancer,10_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_4.png,B,"Host microbiota influence both cancer incidence and therapeutic responsiveness, challenging
the view that tumors depend on intrinsic properties. In this issue, Sholl et al. evaluate the utility of cancer-associated microbiota in patient diagnosis, prognosis,
and treatment by discussing its role in cancer development and its use as a biomarker
and therapeutic. Cover image represents the complexity of the microbial ecosystem.
Cover image designed by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from Gettyimages/KajaNi,
Gettyimages/DivVector, Gettyimages/MariyaII.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_12.txt,vith,8_12.txt,"Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are highly heterogeneous. In this issue,
de Back et al. discuss how advances in transcriptomic subtyping can help inform
on new GI cancer taxonomies and approaches for clinical implementation. The
cover depicts a vibrant abstract representation of the lower gastrointestinal system,
featuring splashes of reds, deep purples, and a variety of colorful hues that symbolize
the complex nature of tumor heterogeneity within this region. The magnifying glass
highlights the intricate details of the cellular composition and emphasizes the
importance of molecular profiling in uncovering complexities through methods of
transcriptomic subtyping. Cover image designed by Ananya Tirumala, VI4 Artist-in-Residence
Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_4.txt,groundtruth,10_4.txt,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"KRAS mutations are prevalent in cancer but, to date, the oncoprotein is directly “undruggable”.
On pages 686–697 in this issue, Kevin Haigis discusses the biological differences
of KRAS alleles that might be exploitable for allele-specific cancer therapy. Cover design
by Kevin Haigis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_3.txt,clip,3_3.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_12.png,A,The combination of Suzuki-Catalyst-Transfer-Polymerization and preparative size-exclusion chromatography enables automated fractionation into a narrow-disperse polymer and true monodisperse oligomer batches using cost-effective low-pressure LC equipment!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_1.txt,vith,2025_1.txt,Targeted induction of right- or left-handed double-stranded helical sense in chiral polyelectrolytes through selective choice of configuration in the chiral pendant and with an appropriate counteranion. Authors used Freepik for the cover design.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_18.txt,clip,2024_18.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,vitg,2017_21.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_11.png,B,"Developing vaccines for glioblastoma remains challenging owing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumour and the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Nanomaterials can be tailored to address the limitations of glioblastoma vaccination, potentially paving the way for important advancements. The cover illustrates these efforts through a brain outline superimposed on nanoparticles. See Hameedat F. et al.
Cover image: Flavia Cristina Moreira de Sousa. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_4.txt,clip,9_4.txt,"Bioinspired electronics made of soft electrochemical matter based on organic mixed conductors can enable the integration of diverse forms of intelligence into everyday life. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of synapses communicating with an electronic device. See >Gkoupidenis P. et al
Cover image: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_11.txt,groundtruth,9_11.txt,"Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al.
Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"Understanding the protein corona can advance nanomedicinal developments and elucidate how nanomaterials impact the environment. The cover image shows biomolecular coronas on the surface of nanoparticles. See Morteza Mahmoudi et al.
Image: Morteza Mahmoudi. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_6.txt,vitg,8_6.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_19.png,A,"On the cover: Lineage motifs, symbolized here as ink stamps, are recurring patterns
of cell fates on lineage trees. They represent developmental modules that produce
cell types in predefined ratios during processes like retina development. Furthermore,
they could facilitate adaptive variation in cell type frequencies between species
such as rat, monkey, and chicken, as shown in the pages depicting slices of retina
generated through lineage motif stamps. To learn more about how lineage motifs act
as developmental modules for control of cell type proportions, see Tran et al. Image credit: Adara Koivula.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_19.txt,groundtruth,59_19.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_1,57_15.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_2,56_2.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.png,C,"The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,"In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt,ave_1,2023_1.txt,Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.png,D,"The cover features the use of layered silicate as a 2D hard template for synthesizing exfoliated, porous, and high-nitrogen-content graphitic carbon. The likely nitrogen configuration is identified to be graphitic, as pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were less stable. The authors acknowledge the Scivisional illustration team for designing the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_4.txt,vith,2023_4.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,This front cover represents the idea that science should be inclusive. We created a collage in which a face is composed and enriched by incorporating features of various women's faces worldwide. This work is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Biophysical Journal,124_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_1.png,B,"Cover picture: Artistic view by Verena Grieder (Photolab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel,
Basel, Switzerland) and Martin Stolz (nCATS (National Centre for Advanced Tribology
at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK)) of collagen meshworks
as can be found in diverse parts of the body. Collagen from tendon and various types
of cartilage were imaged at different magnifications by atomic force microscopy. The
image in the middle shows two cartilage cells (chondrocytes) that are expressing the
surrounding extracellular matrix. Closer view demonstrates the typical 67 nm D-periodicity
of cartilage collagen fibrils. Cartoon of the skeleton by permission, copyright of
Medical Multimedia Group, Missoula, MT. See the article by Loparic et al. on page
2731.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/98_2.txt,vith,98_2.txt,"Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing
Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending
cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population
of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein
transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_1.txt,groundtruth,124_1.txt,"Cover picture: The physical attributes of the extracellular environment can inform internal cell
processes and responses to external stimuli. The basement membrane of many tissues,
including vascular tissues, displays a complex topographic mixture of ridges and grooves,
bumps and pores, with dimensions that range from nanometer to micrometer. To better
understand how the combination of multiple topographic features influences vascular
endothelial cells, McKee et al. have generated highly porous polyelectrolyte multilayer
films that closely mimic the architectural features and stochastic nature of in vivo
vascular basement membrane. The front cover artwork combines an AFM topographic height
image of the surface we have created, with an artist's interpretation of cells interacting
with the surface (artwork by John H. Doval, University of California, Davis). See
the article by McKee et al. on page 1224.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/102_8.txt,vitg,102_8.txt,"Cover picture: Shown is the distribution of water droplets formed during simulation of skin lipid
lamellae (white density) with a section of the corresponding lipid structure overlaid
(bottom right corner).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/118_6.txt,clip,118_6.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_8.png,D,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,"The propensities and health implications of coronavirus adhering onto and releasing from representative indoor contact surfaces, including plastic, glass, stainless steel, and wood, in simulated human body fluids are studied using quartz crystal microbalance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.png,C,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sakamoto et al. develop a semi-automated platform for synthesis of fluorogenic probes that can detect
enzyme activities in the blood at a single-molecule level. The activity-based screening
identifies candidate biomarkers for pancreatic tumors at early stages. In the cover
image, the bloodstream and the enzymes are depicted by the river and the fireflies,
respectively. The background shows the images of synthesized probes and the enzyme
activity assay. Cover art: Dr. Ryo Tachibana, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
The University of Tokyo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_8.png,C,"Nanoscale diffusion dynamics using STED–FCS
Seeing nanoscale organization through a STED doughnut. Nanoscale membrane heterogeneity is investigated using a combination of super-resolution STED microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
See Sezgin et al.
Image: Erdinc Sezgin. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_9.txt,vith,14_9.txt,"The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt,vitg,13_8.txt,"Illuminating digital cells on a microscopic stage.
A detailed digital reconstruction of an animal cell receiving light cast from afar. This represents the transformation of cells from microscopy images into a form suitable for accurate optical modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation.
Image: John Ball, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Adapted from Lauri Purhonen, Sketchfab, under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_8.txt,groundtruth,19_8.txt,"3D confocal image of a human colon organoid.
Image of a human colon organoid immunolabeled for F-actin and E-cadherin and captured in 3D using the easy-to-use and fast protocol provided by Dekkers et al. in this issue of Nature Protocols.
See Dekkers et al.
Image: Johanna F. Dekkers and Anne C. Rios. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_7.txt,clip,14_7.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.png,A,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt,vitg,2025_1.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.png,C,"Single-cell technologies and brain disease, inspired by the Review on p346.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,"Cerebellar circuitry, inspired by the Review on p645.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_2.txt,ave_1,19_2.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"AI and epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p319.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.txt,clip,20_7.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_3.png,C,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated
in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest
of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field.
Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt,vitg,4_9.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Gu et al. report their observation of a sandwich-like ternary electron donor-acceptor complex
between electron-deficient aryl halides, a guanidine base, and tetrahydrofuran. The
cover image highlights the visible light absorption characteristics of this intriguing
donor-acceptor complex and its structural resemblance to a mouth-watering sandwich.
The strategy reported provides facile conditions for access to various alkyl aryl
ethers toward applications in fine chemical synthesis. The cover design was created
by Jiayi Gu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_402,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_402.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how antipsychotics stimulate the synthesis of a distinct set of proteins to increase neuronal complexity. The image shows the dendrites of a neuron exposed to haloperidol. [Image: Heather Bowling, New York University School of Medicine]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_308.txt,vith,7_308.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective about signals that specify axons and dendrites. The image shows that active Rit (a GTPase) is more abundant in the axon, where it contributes to the growth of this neuronal process. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_416.txt,clip,2007_416.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on roles for Toll-like receptors in development of the central nervous system and in the response to neuronal injury. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_402.txt,groundtruth,2007_402.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article describing how the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is also an autocrine signal, allowing the hypothalamic neurons that produce it to maintain their volume during hypotonic stress. The image shows the AVP neurons, which have their cell bodies in the hypothalamus and nerve terminals in the pituitary. [Image: Yana Hammond, Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_157.txt,vitg,4_157.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_1.png,A,"Boosting CO2 conversion with Mo oxycarbides
Molybdenum carbides are promising heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 conversion chemistry, but they typically require harsh preparation conditions and suffer from poor stability. Now, Jiafeng Yu, Jian Sun and colleagues have shown that molybdenum oxide, produced by flame spray pyrolysis synthesis, is stable at 600 °C for 2,000 hours during the reverse water–gas shift reaction. Extensive characterization revealed the in situ formation of a cubic α-molybdenum carbide with unsaturated surface oxycarbides (depicted on the cover) that serve as active sites for CO2 conversion.
See Yu, Sun et al.
Image: Xingtao Sun, Jiafeng Yu, and Jian Sun, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_1.txt,groundtruth,16_1.txt,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely investigated for their potential to selectively separate and store environmentally harmful gases. The cover image of this issue shows the structure of a MOF — described by Martin Schröder and co-workers — whose promising capture capabilities rely on hydroxyl groups rather than the traditionally used amine ones. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the host framework and CO2 and SO2 gases were directly visualized by in situ static and dynamic characterization methods, and the results supported by modelling studies.Article p887IMAGE: SIHAI YANGCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_2.txt,vith,4_2.txt,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"The cover image shows the gold electrode used by Rodriguez, Kwon and Koper in their study of gold-catalysed alcohol oxidation. The electrode is in the 'hanging-meniscus configuration' and is immersed in an aqueous solution. When modified with carbon monoxide, the gold surface catalyses the oxidation of certain alcohols in alkaline media. Remarkably, the carbon monoxide acts as a reaction promoter, in contrast to its usual role as a poison.Article p177IMAGE: MARC DE HAAN, PARAMACONI RODRIGUEZ, MARC KOPERCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_10.txt,clip,4_10.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_8.png,D,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt,ave_2,2022_3.txt,"A high potential and long-time Ca(OH)2-modified rice straw biochar (BCC) composite amendment was successfully prepared, which is a cost-effective sorbent for the removal of Pb(II) in a river ecosystem (water and sediment). This provides a strategy for exploring",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_3.txt,ave_3,2023_3.txt,"This cover art suggests whether Surat city's soil is dominated by microplastics? The diamond symbol represents Surat's identity as the ""Diamond City"", while the thread symbolizes its thriving textile industry in Gujarat, India. The representation of garbage and plastic waste dumping reflects the daily disposal of such waste from both industrial and household sources. The lower portion of the artwork illustrates the pollution of soil by single-use plastic products within the city. The presence of the sun signifies the breakdown of large plastics into smaller microplastics, driven by UV degradation and other environmental factors. This transformation is further depicted through a magnifying lens, showcasing various shapes, such as fragments, fibers, films, and spheres, highlighting the biological and physical degradation of plastics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_7.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Changeux presents a framework for connecting levels of brain organization to foster
the integration of neuroscientific findings from individual genes to consciousness.
Cover image from iStockphoto/grandeduc. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_10.txt,ave_2,21_10.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,vith,21_11.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Shaun Gallagher and
colleagues propose a ‘pattern theory of compassion’ that clarifies distinctions between
empathy, sympathy, and compassion. The pattern theory identifies a set of diverse
components that form a dynamic Gestalt constitutive of compassion. A review of
neuroscientific studies of compassion provides evidence to support the pattern theory,
and the processes and factors that make up the pattern can contribute to guide
compassion training. The anthropomorphic cartoon on the cover depicts some of the
differences between empathy, sympathy, and compassion. From left to right: empathy
(quasi-isomorphic) is signified by the quasi-same color for empathizer-empathized;
sympathy (related but not isomorphic) is signified by similar band colors; compassion
(non-isomorphic) is signified by different colors. Image by Junio Aglioti Colombini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_7.txt,groundtruth,28_7.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.png,B,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,groundtruth,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt,vith,45_11.txt,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,vitg,45_3.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_8.png,D,"There is a growing appreciation of the functions of tissue-resident immune cells and
their importance in immune surveillance and throughout the immune response. Recent
findings are providing new insights into the mechanisms targeting these cells to specific
tissues, and how these populations are maintained in homeostasis and respond in times
of immune challenge. Trends in Immunology is excited to announce a special year-long series of articles devoted to examining
tissue-resident immune cells and their diverse functions. In the inaugural article
of this series, on pages 30–39, Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang discuss the dynamic
mechanisms that govern lymph node stromal cells during homeostasis and active immunity.
The cover depicts, by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the close association
of dendritic cells (red) with an extensive and interconnected fibroblastic reticular
cell (FRC) network (cyan) populating lymphoid tissue. Through the dynamic production
of various chemotactic and survival cues, FRCs and other stromal cell subsets coordinate
the migration, positioning, and homeostatic maintenance of immune cells. Cover image
courtesy of Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_13.txt,vitg,36_13.txt,"Since the age of Hippocrates, the crab has been used to represent cancer. In this
Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores the complex relationship between the immune system and cancer, discussing
how some immune processes are co-opted by cancer for its own benefit, and highlighting
how in some instances, immunity can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. We also
discuss how the immune system is impacted by anti-cancer therapies, and how in turn
this affects the outcome of the treatment. This battle is illustrated here: the crab
puts up its own defense against anti-cancer therapy and cytotoxic immune cells, but
it is also shielded from attack by pro-tumorigenic immune cells. Cover concept by
Seth B. Coffelt and Karin E. de Visser. Cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_10.txt,clip,36_10.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vith,36_3.txt,"Sarcoidosis is an immunological disease characterized by the presence
of coalescing, tightly clustered, non-necrotizing granulomas. On pages 406–418, Robert
and colleagues discuss the dysregulated immune responses that may lead to granuloma
formation and maintenance; they propose the novel hypothesis that maladaptive innate
immune training may help drive sarcoidosis pathogenesis. Inspired by Mayan calendar
stones, the image alludes to different immune cells and elements present in a granuloma,
which is a key pathophysiological feature of sarcoidosis. Image credit: Bertsy Goic
drawinscience.fr.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_8.txt,groundtruth,45_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_12.png,D,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vith,21_6.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,vitg,57_15.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: These confocal images of Drosophila larval salivary gland nuclei show the distinctive banding pattern of the large, highly
polytene chromosomes (stained with Hoechst in magenta and orange). Chromatin status
is visualised using antibodies for Histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (cyan). The
large size of these nuclei makes them ideal for studying transcription factor behavior.
To learn more about the biophysical behaviour of transcription effectors of the Hippo
pathway, see Manning et al. Image credit: Samuel Manning.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_12.txt,groundtruth,59_12.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_5.png,D,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,clip,40_5.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences is devoted to the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in celebration of
the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recently awarded to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka
for their pioneering work in the field. Both researchers are long-time esteemed contributors
to TiPS, and Brian Kobilka serves on our Editorial Board. Thus, we are especially
pleased to take this opportunity to congratulate them on their great science and to
highlight some of the exciting ongoing developments in GPCR research. Image courtesy
of Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_12.txt,vitg,34_12.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_6.txt,ave_1,40_6.txt,"Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors play a pivotal role in the
treatment of many B cell lymphomas. In this issue, Cool et al. provide a comprehensive
review presenting the past, present, and future of BTK inhibitors transforming the
treatment landscape of these diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The
cover illustrates this relentless innovation, with both translational laboratory and
clinical
research that led to the development of several novel BTK inhibitors, with subsequent
agents addressing the safety and resistance mechanisms of previous therapies. The
cover image was designed by Aila Jiang, and hand-drawn using Paint Tool Sai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_5.txt,groundtruth,45_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_22.png,C,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"The top right is hexagons representing the benzene ring, which is an important part of the TPU. The central part of the cover is a three-dimensional diagram of the sandwich structure. The left side is a microscopic diagram of particle-filled TPU film and nonwovens.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"An all-organic nanocomposite of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with uniformly dispersed cellulose nanocrystals is prepared via in situ polymerization. The composite films are processed facilely through a blown extrusion process that is suitable for mass production, and a 22% improvement in tear toughness was achieved in relation to that of neat PBAT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_12.txt,vitg,2023_12.txt,train
Nature Water,2_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_4.png,C,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"The state of women in the water domain
While women are underrepresented in the formal water workforce, especially in low- and middle-income countries, they are highly overrepresented in the unpaid work of managing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources at the household level. The study by Caruso et al. examines whether women’s central role in household WASH has been exploited by WASH research and intervention activities. Reviewing previous WASH studies, they found the majority of interventions to be either gender-unequal or gender-unaware, and that many had relied entirely on participation by female household members for programme success. The authors discuss the risk of taking women’s time and work for granted and how it risks cementing gender inequalities in the water domain.
See Caruso, B. A. et al.
Image: Hugh Sitton / Photodisc / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_4.txt,groundtruth,2_4.txt,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,ave_1,2_12.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_4.png,A,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – II’ presents current research
in this discipline, highlighting the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems
(central or peripheral). The micrograph on the cover shows an optical section through
a
dorsal root ganglion (green) taken from an MHC-II I–Abβ-eGFP reporter mouse at steady
state. The neurons (red) are stained with anti-β3-tubulin antibody (AF568) and the
nuclei
(blue) with DAPI. The image was acquired using a laser-scanning confocal microscope
at 20x magnification, and digitally upscaled using Topaz Gigapixel AI software. Image
credit: Pavel Hanc and Ulrich von Andrian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,ave_1,45_9.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,clip,45_10.txt,test
ACS Catalysis,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_23.png,A,"Diverse single-atom metal catalysts emerge and stimulate a new pulse in the coal-based PVC industry, which is heavily relying on the prohibited mercury chloride analogues. The synthetic strategies, structure–performance relationships, and reaction mechanisms of these frontiers are reviewed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles.  Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_17.txt,vith,2023_17.txt,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,test
Nature Computational Science,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_11.png,A,"Inferring algorithms from data
Data-driven discovery of algorithms is an important task for uncovering the underlying logic and rules behind experimental data and can be potentially used by researchers for generating new insights hidden in high-dimensional data. In this issue, Milo M. Lin et al. introduce an approach that makes use of a neurobiologically inspired deep learning algorithm for writing interpretable and executable computer code from data. The method is able to discover algorithms that perform very similarly to or that outperform human-designed ones. The cover image depicts source code that was transformed into an image featuring bands and gaps, similar to a DNA autoradiogram.
See Milo M. Lin et al. and Joseph Bakarji
Image: WEB2DNA-BAEKDAL.COM / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Machine learning with nonlinear optical neural networks
Photonic computing offers many advantages over traditional digital computing, such as high parallelism and low energy consumption, yet current development has been mostly limited to linear operations. In this issue, Hao Wang et al. introduce a large-scale nonlinear photonic neural system based on disordered polycrystalline materials. The system generates both linear and nonlinear optical speckle features, forming a complex neural network that can be used for computing tasks. The authors demonstrate that this nonlinear system provides advantages over linear optical systems for various machine learning tasks, including image classification, regression, and graph classification. The cover image depicts the neural network formed by light scattering through a disordered medium.
See Hao Wang et al. and Tianyu Wang
Image: Hao Wang, Ecole Normale Supérieure and Tsinghua University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"High information density for DNA data storage
DNA is a promising medium for data storage. Yet, designing a transcoding algorithm that can achieve high information density (meaning, high number of bytes per gram of DNA) while providing robust error tolerance is still a challenge. In this issue, Ping et al. introduce a codec that achieves an in vivo physical information density that is close to the theoretical maximum, while being robust to various types of errors.
See Ping et al. and Manish K. Gupta
Image: lvcandy / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_9.txt,vith,2_9.txt,val
ACS ES&T Water,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_12.png,B,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,vith,2021_12.txt,"A household sand filter is used in Vietnam for the removal of iron, manganese, and arsenic from groundwater.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,Predicting daily discharge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using a machine learning model supported by meteorological and population migration big data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,Read the recent Collection on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.png,C,"Peptide-boosted uptake of CRISPR enzymes
This issue highlights that prime editing can efficiently correct the sickle-cell allele in patient haematopoietic stem cells, a Cas9-based gene therapy for Huntington’s disease tested in pigs, the efficient peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes, a method for the knock-in and stable expression of large payloads in primary human cells, that adding cytosine stretches to the 5′ end of single-guide RNAs constrains the activity of Cas9, and a library of cytosine base editors for the precise ablation of every mtDNA protein-coding gene in the mouse mitochondrial genome.
The cover illustrates that a peptide identified via screening aids the delivery of CRISPR ribonucleoprotein into cells, increasing the yield of edited primary human lymphocytes.
See Foss et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_8.txt,clip,7_8.txt,"Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly
This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions.
The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly.
See Gong et al.
Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.txt,vith,8_8.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells
This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.
The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.
See Stranford et al.
Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"Early cancer diagnosis
This focus issue highlights advances in the isolation of cancer biomarkers in blood and in diagnostic or imaging probes for the early detection of cancer.
The cover illustrates a lipid-based nanoprobe for the isolation of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (Article; News & Views).
Image by Xin Zou, Yuan Wan and Si-Yang Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,val
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_9.png,B,"The cover graphic is a photograph of the Great Wall of China taken on April 17, 2015, immediately after the ACS AMI China Symposium, which was held at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on April 13 and 14. The Chinese text printed at the top of the graphic translates to, “2015 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Symposium”. This issue of the journal features a Forum including contributions from that symposium, and more broadly recognizes that much of the success of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is due to our supporters in China.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2016_46.txt,clip,2016_46.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,"The ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces family is proud to present a forum focused on the work accomplished by young researchers and their research groups. This is a joint forum between ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials that demonstrates the variety of topics, techniques, materials, and applications that are highlighted across the family.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,"As a remedy to overcome the limitation of Ag nanoclusters (NCs) in light energy conversion applications, aggregation-induced emission-type Ag NCs are synthesized by pH-driven aggregation of Ag(I)–thiolate complexes on the surface of Ag NCs. The interface of a photoelectrode composed of the Ag NCs and TiO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2019_38.txt,ave_1,2019_38.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_4.png,B,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,ave_1,3_6.txt,"Understanding fibromuscular dysplasia
By integrating DNA genotype and RNA-sequencing data from human samples, d’Escamard et al. identified a gene regulatory co-expression supernetwork that has an important role in fibromuscular dysplasia, a poorly understood disease affecting 3–5% of adult women, and generated a mouse model of the disease.
See d’Escamard et al.
Image: Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"Reaching out
The cover image of our first issue is a wool artwork entitled ‘Reach’, created by contemporary British artist Sarah Vaci. Reflecting the originality and courage of the artwork, Nature Cardiovascular Research aims to bring together the cardiovascular and blood community, and promote, champion and disseminate inspiring, thought-provoking and original research.
Image: Sarah Vaci. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"The Lands and Seas of the Planet Heart
Koenig et al. present a comprehensive cellular atlas of healthy and failing human hearts, based on single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cardiac biopsies from 45 individuals.
See Koenig et al.
Image: Andrew Koenig. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.png,A,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,ave_1,2024_3.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_7.png,D,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"Phenological mismatch
Pied flycatcher with caterpillar prey to feed young. Trends in spatial and temporal mismatch between trees, caterpillars and birds in the UK show delayed phenology of all species with increasing latitude, and little spatial variation in the magnitude of mismatch between caterpillars and birds.
See Burgess et al.
Image: Tom Wallis. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,"Evolution of maturity
Age at maturity in Atlantic salmon is associated with a single locus, vgll3, with sex-specific effects. During sea migration of a large salmon population, rapid evolution towards early maturity is only observed in males.
See Czorlich et al.
Image: Pekka Tuuri. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_2.txt,clip,2_2.txt,"Urban mutations
Ring-billed Gull in Hamilton Harbour, Hamilton, Canada, with steel-plant smokestacks in the background. The smokestacks emit polycyclic hydrocarbons that have been shown to induce heritable mutations in herring gulls and mammals. A Perspective by Johnson et al. highlights how such mutations may be important for the ecology, evolution and health of diverse organisms.
See Johnson et al.
Image: Marc Johnson. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,test
NATURE MATERIALS,23_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_8.png,A,"Strain-induced electrocaloric
Electrocaloric effects are large in a limited set of materials that display hysteretic first-order phase transitions. Here epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films are strain engineered to achieve anhysteretic second-order phase transitions, with electrocaloric effects enhanced by one order of magnitude over bulk.
See Zhang et al.
Image: BOTUHUI. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_8.txt,groundtruth,23_8.txt,"A highly conformable elastomer holds an array of ultrathin silicon beams
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letter by Meitl  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,"2D material-wrapped Janus particles
Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles.
See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang.
Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt,vith,17_2.txt,"Organic molecules encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes tune the electronic conduction properties.
Cover design by Nicky Perry.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_8.png,A,"What has carbamazepine taught crystal engineers? Crystal engineers acknowledge and appreciate the rich solid form landscape that carbamazepine has to offer and the fundamental questions that it answers, thanks to the time, money, and dedication of numerous pharmaceutical researchers worldwide. The image was partly generated by AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/7_1.png,B,"The cover of this issue shows a network of similar products for the Egyptian economy. See César Hidalgo
Image: César Hidalgo, ANITI, University of Toulouse, France. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,clip,6_4.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,vith,6_11.txt,test
Science Advances,11_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_2.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of rosette colonies and solitary cells of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta undergoing signaling events. Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals. Colgren et al. identified communication amongst the cells of S. rosetta colonies. This communication regulates shape and ciliary beating across the rosette. Understanding how information flows between cells in choanoflagellate colonies provides key insights into early animal evolution. Credit: Davis Laundon, Ella Maru Studio and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_2.txt,groundtruth,11_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Tears reveal more than just emotion. Tears' extracellular vesicles (EVs) allow us to see molecular-level signs of different diseases or actions of other organs inside our bodies. Hu et al. found that tear EVs act as immune effectors, maintain retinal homeostasis, and regulate inflammation. The rich bioinformation that tears carry offer value beyond the ocular system. Credit: Hu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_11.txt,clip,9_11.txt,"ONLINE COVER Foraminifera shells. These single-celled marine protozoa construct and inhabit a calcium carbonate shell composed of several chambers. Most live on the sea bottom, feeding using amoeba-like pseudopodia that extrude through pores. Analyzing a new dataset, Feng et al. propose that body size was a consistent selectivity predictor in past extinction events – larger foraminifera preferentially went extinct when the proportion of large organisms exceeded 50%. Their research indicates that under low oxygen and sulfide conditions, oxygen fails to diffuse into the shell center of large foraminifera. These insights clarify future extinction risk as ocean deoxygenation rates increase. Credit: FRANK FOX / Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_32.txt,ave_0,10_32.txt,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p315.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_7.txt,ave_1,17_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p200.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_8.txt,vitg,17_8.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_6.png,C,"The oceans are becoming more acidic as they absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide — this may limit the ability of marine organisms to secrete carbonate. A sediment-trap study shows that in the Southern Ocean the shell weights of a surface-dwelling single-celled organism with a calcite shell are lower than pre-industrial values, probably as a result of increasing ocean acidity. The image, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, shows a modern Globigerina bulloides shell recovered from a sediment trap in the Southern Ocean. Image courtesy of Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.
Letter p276; Backstory p308",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/2_9.txt,clip,2_9.txt,"Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012.
Letter p122
IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt,vitg,8_11.txt,"Water frost on Martian mountaintops
High-resolution spacecraft imagery has revealed transient deposits that appear in the early mornings of cold seasons at high altitudes on Mars, consistent with water frost of atmospheric origin. The image shows bluish water frost deposited on the caldera of Olympus Mons — the tallest known volcano in the Solar System — on a cold winter morning. The observations highlight the dynamic microclimate of the Tharsis volcanic province and its role in the broader Martian water cycle.
See Valantinas et al.
Image: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/A. Valantinas. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_6.txt,groundtruth,17_6.txt,"Oxygen solubility under Martian conditions
The image shows a region in Acidalia Planitia near the equator, where dioxygen solubilities meet large dioxygen solubility gradients.
See Stamenković et al.
Image: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/11_1.txt,vith,11_1.txt,val
Nature Cancer,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_4.png,C,"Defining the phenogenomic landscape of breast cancer
Bodenmiller and colleagues pair imaging mass cytometry with multiplatform genomics to define single-cell phenotypic and genomic features of breast cancer with spatial context, finding associations with breast cancer subtypes and prognosis.
See Ali et al. and Angelo
Image: H R Ali, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_11.txt,vith,1_11.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vitg,6_1.txt,"Multiomics profiling of immunotherapy-induced toxicities
Multiomics profiling identifies a targetable role for type III-associated immune responses in the development of immunotherapy-induced toxicities in melanoma.
See Dimitriou et al.
Image: Phil F. Cheng and Federica Sella, University Hospital of Zurich. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"Linking EMT and the microbiome to colorectal cancer development
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition synergizes with the intestinal microbiome to boost the development of colorectal cancer.
See Slowicka et al.
Image: David Nittner, VIB-KU Leuven. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_7.txt,clip,1_7.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_8.png,D,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,vitg,17_9.txt,"On The Cover: There has been a long-standing question in seed research why cyanide, a respiration
inhibitor, breaks seed dormancy. While the alternative respiratory pathway and reactive
oxygen species have been suggested to be part of the mechanism, the cell biological
and mechanistic significance of this paradox remains unclear. On pages 989–998 Hiroyuki
Nonogaki presents a coherent model for ABA signaling in seeds, which could also address
the old paradox in seed research. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.txt,clip,29_9.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_8.txt,groundtruth,29_8.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_24.png,B,"halogen bonds, a series of acetylacetonates of divalent cations were cocrystalized with p-dihalotetrafluorobenzenes. Throughout the series of formed cocrystals, the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_11.txt,clip,2019_11.txt,"liquid interfacial tension γeff, which suppresses the formation of crystal nuclei and leads to an increase in the nucleation energy barriers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,This Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,a,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2011_5.txt,ave_1,2011_5.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_14.png,C,-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2009_49.txt,vitg,2009_49.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,"The Pd/Cu bimetallic catalytic system demonstrates precise synergistic interaction, akin to interlocking gears, enabling enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,val
ACS Materials Letters,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_4.png,D,Atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials serve as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena and provide practical solutions for various applications. Featured,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,ave_1,2020_12.txt,Density functional theory + machine learning-based approaches are used to screen out suitable cathode hosts from a large number of MXenes for the optimum adsorption of possible intermediates in aluminum–sulfur batteries. AI was used partially in the creation of this cover graphic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"A novel synthetic strategy to epitaxially grow unconventional-phase Pt with well-defined 2H facets via B doping of a nanoseed is illustrated, enabling the study of the crystal phase dependent catalytic property of a Pt nanocatalyst.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,val
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_11.png,B,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,clip,34_10.txt,"Focus on protein engineering
Artistic impression of the three data types key to machine learning for functional protein design: structure, sequence and labels. The structure of carbonic anhydrase is shown in front of a background composed of amino acid letters representing sequence data. The hue overlay represents a fitness landscape that experimentally acquired labels help to map.
See Notin et al.
Image: Nathan Rollins, Pascal Notin. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,vith,29_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_6.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image depicts the expression of multiple cell fate determinants
and the PLT2 transcription factor gradient in growing root tips. In this issue, Durgaprasad
et al. report that dosage of PLT2, expressed in a gradient, orchestrates regeneration
competence at the root tip. Image by Kavya Durgaprasad and artwork by Anju P S.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/29_12.txt,vith,29_12.txt,"Some wild Mimulus verbenaceus plants in Sedona, AZ, USA display a distinct anthocyanin
stripe across their leaves. In this issue, LaFountain et al. identify three regulatory genes that pre-pattern the foliar stripe and are associated
with leaf development. These findings suggest that the stripe phenotype was potentiated
by the incorporation of an anthocyanin regulatory gene into a pre-existing genetic
regulatory network and provide insights into how phenotypic novelties emerge. Concept
and Artwork: Bianca T. Ferreira.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_6.txt,groundtruth,43_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,clip,25_1.txt,"On the cover: Adult three-banded panther worms (Hofstenia miamia) crawl across the cover of Cell Reports. In this issue, Ramirez et al. used the regenerative capacity of Hofstenia to determine genetic inputs for initiating Wnt re-expression in the new posterior.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/32_5.txt,ave_0,32_5.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_2.png,B,"'Barriers to communication' by Vicky Summersby, inspired by the Review on p564.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/17_4.txt,vith,17_4.txt,"‘Gates and channels’, inspired by the Reviews on p904 and p886
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"‘Cell death in the Iron Age’ (ferroptosis), inspired by the Review on p266
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_9.txt,vitg,22_9.txt,"'Joining non-matching ends' by Caio Bracey, inspired by the Review on p495.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/18_5.txt,clip,18_5.txt,test
ACS ES&T Air,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.png,D,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,"An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_5.png,A,"Highlighting the strong tradition of research excellence in pharmaceutics from the island of Ireland, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Small and Large Molecule Pharmaceutics Research across Ireland.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlight the breadth of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial  by the Guest Editors provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Highlighting the broad range of high-quality work led by early career scientists (≤ 10 years from PhD) in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery publishing in the journal, Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled “Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Delivery Research from Early Career Scientists”. Within this VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlight the breadth of research by young researchers.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editors provides context and commentary to accompany the VSI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,vitg,2023_5.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/2_1.png,D,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"Nanoisland nests for cluster catalysis
Stabilizing noble metal cluster catalysts presents a formidable roadblock to harnessing their high atom efficiency and size-dependent properties for industrial reactions. Now, Bruce Gates, Jingyue Liu, Xu Li, Jie Zeng and co-workers report on a strategy for confining few-atom platinum clusters on cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoislands that are stably dispersed on a commercial high-area porous silica support. These ensembles work as nanoreactors, wherein the platinum clusters remain confined even under harsh hydrogenation reaction conditions. The cover image shows an illustrative render of these nanoreactors, with the platinum clusters confined to isolated nanoisland nests.
See Chen et al.
Image: Yizhen Chen, University of California, Davis, and Xu Li, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_2.png,C,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00182). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00277). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_21.txt,ave_1,2020_21.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00182). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00277). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_20.txt,clip,2020_20.txt,"Aggregation leads to a considerable reduction in the medicinal effectiveness of drugs. This study investigates how structurally similar polyphenolic compounds self-aggregate, rendering them ineffective against cancer. Notably, due to dissimilarities in their backbone, the co-assembly prevents them from constructing a supramolecular architecture and disintegrates under physiological conditions, ultimately enhancing their effectiveness against cancer cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Advances and New Challenges to Bimolecular Reaction Dynamics Theory (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2020, 11 (20), pp 8844–8860). Top Right: Self-Healing Dyes–Keeping the Promise? (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2020, 11 (11), pp 4462–4480). Middle: High-Fidelity Potential Energy Surfaces for Gas-Phase and Gas–Surface Scattering Processes from Machine Learning (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2020, 11 (13), pp 5120–5131). Bottom Left: Synergism of Iron and Platinum Species for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation: From Two-Dimensional Surface to Nanoparticle and Single-Atom Catalysts (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2020, 11 (6), pp 2219–2229). Bottom Right: Sustainable Internal Electric Field for Enhanced Photocatalysis: From Material Design to Energy Utilization (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2020, 11 (17), pp 7407–7416).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2021_47.txt,vith,2021_47.txt,train
Current Biology,34_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_13.png,D,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: A black-throated huet-huet wandering in its territory. Black-throated
huet-huets are territorial and ground-foraging birds in the family Rhinocryptidae
that inhabit the temperate forests of Patagonia. In this issue, using a combination
of molecular and microscopy methods, Caiafa et al. (pages 5558–5570) explore the role
of Patagonian birds in the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi. Analyses of fecal samples
show that birds consume a wide diversity of truffles and other mycorrhizal fungi,
and a high proportion of spores remain viable after the passage through the birds’
digestive systems. Photograph taken by Bastián Vásquez Godoy; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_1.txt,ave_1,31_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Pei et al. (pages 4033–4046) use an updated phylogeny
of early birds and their closest relatives to reconstruct powered flight potential,
showing it evolved at least three times. They also demonstrate that many ancestors
of the closest bird relatives neared thresholds of powered flight potential, suggesting
broad experimentation with wing-assisted locomotion before theropod flight evolved.
In this artwork by Julius T. Csotonyi entitled The origins of powered flight in theropod dinosaurs, a selection of paravian theropod dinosaurs represents flightless forms and those
that neared and passed thresholds of powered flight potential.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_5.txt,clip,30_5.txt,"On the cover: A juvenile male rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) midflight in Vancouver, British Columbia. In this issue, Gaede et al. describe neural responses to tactile stimuli, including gusts of air, that may contribute
to the remarkable aerial abilities of hummingbirds. Using in vivo physiology in hummingbirds and finches, the authors reveal two distinct three-dimensional
maps in the avian forebrain that process touch, including areas corresponding to the
wings. Photograph by Duncan Leitch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_13.txt,groundtruth,34_13.txt,test
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_5.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p515. The online representation of the cover has been updated to correct an error in the background map image.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_4.txt,clip,17_4.txt,"In our July issue: articles on pregnancy and rheumatic diseases, new therapies for SLE, mouse models of hyperuricaemia, the immunobiology of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and outcome measures in early OA.
Image of skin from a patient with dermatomyositis. Image supplied by Majid Zeidi, Kristen Chen and Victoria P. Werth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/15_6.txt,vitg,15_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p459.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"In our July issue: articles on prevention of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis, pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease and epidemiology of gout.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_6.txt,vith,16_6.txt,train
ACS Nanoscience Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2025_1.png,D,"A Ce(III), Bi(III)-co-doping strategy was applied to lead-free Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite nanocrystals for improved photoluminescence quantum yield and structural stability because of well-passivated surface defects and restrained uncoordinated chlorine ions that promoted the localization of self-trapped excitons and thus prevented emission quenching. The progressive red-shift in the emission of light is depicted in this cover as a change in color of the wavy ribbon and a lengthening of the undulations of the surface as doping proceeds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_5.txt,ave_2,2022_5.txt,"Many metal nanoparticles adopt a face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, as shown on the cover. The surfaces of four facets of this fcc nanoparticle are highlighted on the nanoparticle. Enlarged regions of the atomic arrangements of the surfaces of these facets are shown, along with the subsurface atoms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,A different ligand ratio was employed in the design of hybrid drug delivery systems based on monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters for targeted cancer therapy and studied via MD simulations. This cover shows a representative case when the most convenient features are exhibited after favoring the targeting ligand (peptide) over the chemo drug. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2021_1.txt,ave_1,2021_1.txt,"This work presents an oil-in-water nanoemulsion incorporating essential oils or hexane extract from Boesenbergia rotunda and betamethasone dipropionate (BD). The inclusion of B. rotunda hexane extract, which is rich in pinostrobin, significantly enhances the bioactivities of the BD nanoemulsion for managing atopic dermatitis. These improvements include antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with enhanced in vitro skin barrier repair, all while maintaining nontoxicity to skin cells. This cover art features an AI-generated element, further refined with design software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_11.png,A,"Looking back on 2023, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p72.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"Intersection between ALD and NAFLD/MASLD, inspired by the Review on p764.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,vitg,18_6.txt,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,clip,21_1.txt,test
Nature Computational Science,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_5.png,A,"Computational design of metamaterials
Metamaterials have garnered substantial research interest due to their ability to engineer materials properties not found in nature — which typically arise from specially designed structures — thus presenting unique opportunities across various fields. In order to facilitate the rational design of these metamaterials’ structures, computational methods have been widely employed, but numerous challenges remain to be addressed. This issue includes a Focus that consolidates the state-of-the-art computational algorithms for metamaterials design, highlighting current advancements, existing challenges, and future opportunities. In addition, the Focus explores challenges in manufacturing design and the potential applications of advanced metamaterials, such as optical and mechanical computing.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: OsakaWayne Studios / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Computational design for complex element coupling
Complex materials with multiple elements have enabled various novel materials properties and applications. Insights from computational models can promote the effective exploration of vast chemical spaces resulting from such element coupling. In collaboration with Nature Materials, this issue features a Focus on complex element coupling, in which we at Nature Computational Science present a collection of expert opinions on the challenges and opportunities in model development that can further accelerate the rational design of such complex systems.
See Editorial
Image:: Yuichiro Chino / Moment / Getty (background); Hang Xue and Chong Yang, Xi’an Jiaotong University (structure). Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_10.txt,vith,3_10.txt,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_10.png,C,"The cover implies that the human coronavirus family consists of some evil members like the Hydra in Greek myth, while the entry inhibitor (EK1C4) like an arrow shoots the heart of the viruses, the conservative HR1-trimer, to block six-helical bundle (6-HB) formation and inhibit viral infection. See page 343-355 by Shuai Xia et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_9.txt,vith,30_9.txt,"Ca2+-induced (fallen leaves) and phosphatase-checked (shrimps) shuttling of CaMKII (lotuses) enlarges postsynaptic density assembly (larger cluster of fish) and induces structural long-term potentiation.
Cover art is contributed by Jia Xu.See page 37-51 by Qixu Cai et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_12.txt,clip,31_12.txt,"The Chinese legend “The Butterfly Lovers”, also known as “Liang Zhu”, depicts two lovers transformed to butterflies. The butterflies symbolize the gray matter of the human spinal cord with well-organized cells in the dorsal and ventral horns. This imagery beautifully conveys the idea of transformation from embryonic to adult spinal cord. See page 193–213 by Yingchao Shi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_10.txt,groundtruth,34_10.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,vitg,29_9.txt,val
Nature Aging,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_8.png,A,"The aging lipidome
In this issue, two studies comprehensively describe the lipidome during aging in mice. Janssens et al. report that bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) accumulates during mouse aging, and that this lipid also accumulates in muscle in older humans and reduces upon a short bout of exercise. Tsugawa et al. profile the lipidome in 13 tissues and 4 ages of mice, taking into account sex and microbiome dependencies. Among many findings, they report that polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing BMP increases in various organs during aging. The cover shows a pocket watch being pushed by two older people. The numbers on the face of the clock are BMP molecules, which become larger in size to reflect their increased abundance with age. Pushing the clock denotes that BMP levels can be modified by exercise.
See Janssens et al. & Tsugawa et al.
Image: Joana C. Carvalho. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,"Stochasticity in epigenetic clocks
In this issue, three studies examine the contribution of stochastic epigenetic changes to DNA methylation clocks. Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. and Tong et al. take different approaches to addressing this question, and concur that stochasticity is involved in epigenetic aging. The cover, from Meyer et al., shows a Galton board, which is a device used to illustrate concepts of probability and stochasticity. At the top, a series of small balls are released, which follow a random path before landing in bins at the bottom. Over many trials, this stochastic process leads to the formation of a normal distributed shape. A clock is depicted within this shape to illustrate that a completely stochastic process can be used to construct aging clocks, consistent with a role of age-dependent increases in stochastic variation in epigenetic processes.
See Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. & Tong et al.
Image: Maayan Visuals. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,30_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/30_1.png,A,"To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune
system with cell-surface immune receptors acting as the first line of the defense
machinery. These receptors are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like
proteins (RLPs). RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream immune
signalling, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing RLPs constitutively associate
with
the RLK SOBIR1. The RLP/SOBIR1 complex was proposed to be the bimolecular
equivalent of genuine RLK receptors, but it appears that their molecular mechanisms
of
immunity show some striking differences. Wen R.H. Huang and Matthieu H.A.J. Joosten
summarize these differences, focussing on how these receptors recruit the BAK1 co-receptor
and elaborating on the negative crosstalk occurring between the two signalling
networks. The mirror symbolizes the complex relationship between RLPs and RLKs,
illustrating their structural similarities yet functional differences in immune responses.
Image credit: Alison Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/30_1.txt,groundtruth,30_1.txt,"A key plant response to drought is the accumulation of specific sets of metabolites,
which act as osmoprotectants, osmolytes, antioxidants and/or stress signals. An emerging
question is: How do plants regulate metabolism to balance the ‘competing interests’
between metabolites during stress? Recent research connects primary sulfur metabolism,
e.g. sulfate transport in the vasculature, its assimilation in leaves and the recycling
of sulfur containing compounds, with the drought stress response. On pages 18–29 Barry
J. Pogson and colleagues highlight key steps in sulfur metabolism that play significant
roles in drought stress signaling and responses. The authors propose that a complex
balancing act is required to coordinate primary and secondary sulfur metabolism during
the drought stress response in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/18_12.txt,clip,18_12.txt,"Light signals regulate a plethora of plant responses throughout their life cycle,
especially the red and far-red regions of the light spectrum perceived by the phytochrome
family of photoreceptors. However, the mechanisms by which phytochromes regulate gene
expression and downstream responses remain elusive. Shown on the cover are three recent
key discoveries about the role of phytochrome-mediated pathway regulators in the dark
and light reviewed on pages 641–650 by Enamul Huq and colleagues. (1) In the dark,
the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), which are located in the nucleus (here
represented by the house), function together with COP1–SPA complexes as repressors
for photomorphogenesis by degrading (‘attacking’) the positive regulator HY5. In the
light, (2) CUL4-COP1–SPA and CUL3-LRB-PHY both initiate rapid light-induced degradation
of PIFs to promote photomorphogenesis and (3) phytochromes directly interact with
SPA1 and reorganize the COP1–SPA interaction to inhibit COP1 activity (represented
by PHY holding hands with SPA and saying goodbye to COP1). Drawings for cover image
provided by Xiaosa Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_3.txt,vith,20_3.txt,"Two papers by Christoph-Martin Geilfus and colleagues and Muzammil Hussain, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and colleagues discuss the recent breakthrough discovery that stressed
plants emit various informative ultrasonic sound signals, which can be categorized
according to plant species, stress type, and stress severity. This unlocks a new path
into research of plant—environment interactions with multiple possibilities for future
applications. Image credit: Daniela Leitner (design) and Christoph-Martin Geilfus
(concept).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_4.txt,vitg,28_4.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_6.png,B,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,ave_1,4_8.txt,"Making sense of goal persistence
To attain goals, we frequently need to persevere. However, people sometimes show too much commitment to a goal, despite better alternatives — especially if they have invested a lot of time or money. Holton et al. use fMRI, lesion data and computational modelling to show that over-persistence with a chosen goal is driven by selective attention (mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex ), which prioritizes information related to the current goal and reduces sensitivity to attractive alternatives.
See Holton et al.
Image: Magdalena Adomeit. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Exploring vast problem spaces
How do humans search for rewards in unfamiliar environments, where not all options can be exhaustively explored? Wu et al. show how a combination of generalization and optimistic sampling guides efficient human exploration in complex environments.
See Wu et al.
Image: Mike Ellis, The New Yorker © Conde Nast. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_1.txt,vitg,2_1.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_7.png,A,"Plants are modular organisms built by three key processes: growth,
branching, and duplication of branching systems. Plant architectural traits reflect
key
functional responses to abiotic and biotic conditions. On pages 524–536, Marilyne
Laurans and colleagues argue that plant architecture can offer a dynamic view of the
whole-plant phenotype and a framework for characterizing integrated plant phenotype
and structuring plant trait networks. The cover shows a developing shoot of wild cherry,
Prunus avium. Photo credit: Patrick Heuret.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_7.txt,groundtruth,39_7.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,ave_1,30_2.txt,"Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in
heterogeneous environments, as shown on the cover. There is a bi-dimensionality in
root traits, the root economics spectrum, and an orthogonal dimension describing how
nutrients are obtained. On pages 78−88, Yue Zhang, Deliang Kong and colleagues
propose that this bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots,
the
allometric relationship of root anatomical structures, and the independence between
root cell wall thickness and cell number. Cover credit: Beijing MyScimage Multimedia
Technology Center.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_12.txt,clip,39_12.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_13.png,B,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"The upcoming micro-optics revolution has been set to transform how we
create optical devices for various industries. To date, scientists mostly focus on
organic/
inorganic photoresins for 3D printing, allowing us to print structures whose scale
lies
beyond our eyesight. In their Forum article, Winczewski and co-authors highlight the
need to develop cutting-edge photoresins for 3D printing that transform into functional
glass/ceramics upon heat exposure. Innovation at the forefront is crucial to paving
the way for crafting unique multi-material optical components with spatially dissimilar
compositions. Cover Image Credit: Ella Maruschenko - Ella Maru Studio",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_13.txt,groundtruth,6_13.txt,"In this themed issue of Trends in Chemistry, we focus on perovskite materials because they are an emerging focal point in optoelectronics
research. The cover provides an abstract representation of an important shift towards
the development of lead-free perovskite materials due to potential instability and
toxicity. On pages 368–379 of this issue, Yang and colleagues highlight opportunities
and challenges of lead-free perovskite devices, and assess the current status of tin-based
perovksites and double perovskites.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_7.txt,vith,1_7.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,ave_1,1_9.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_8.png,B,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,"Crystal structure solution methods powered by recent advancements in machine learning reveal the structures of compounds that were previously unsolved. Crystalyze, a model for solving structures from powder X-ray diffraction, has discovered several materials and promises to serve as a generalizable tool for materials discovery under a wide range of conditions. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,val
Nature Climate Change,14_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_1.png,C,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,ave_3,12_1.txt,"Frogs in a drying world
The risk of drying to animal species remains an understudied element of climate change, which is particularly important for water-sensitive groups such as anurans (frogs and toads). Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Wu and colleagues map the global impacts of warming on anurans, demonstrating how drought will amplify the negative impacts of warming on anurans.
See Wu et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Jasmine Vink. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_1.txt,groundtruth,14_1.txt,"The ability of species to shift their range as a result of climate change is significantly threatened by habitat fragmentation. Distribution modelling of 3 taxonomic groups, including grasshoppers as shown on the cover, now suggests that habitatbased conservation strategies will be insufficient to save species from regional extinction under twenty-first-century climate change.
Letter p823
IMAGE: DIRK HEUER/MOMENT/GETTY
COVER DESIGN: LAUREN HESLOP",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_2.txt,clip,7_2.txt,test
Current Biology,34_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_19.png,A,"On the cover: There is more than meets the eye in this female Phalangium opilio, an arachnid commonly known as daddy-longlegs. Daddy-longlegs were always thought
to have just two eyes, which sit on top of a periscope-like projection of the head.
In this issue, Gainett et al. provide neuroanatomic and genetic evidence that extant daddy-longlegs have additional
vestigial eyes, which correspond to those previously described in four-eyed fossils
from the Carboniferous. This discovery impacts the phylogenetic position of these
fossils and age estimates for the origin of the group and underscores the importance
of vestigial organs for understanding evolution. Photograph © Roman Willi; used with
permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_19.txt,groundtruth,34_19.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a scanning electron micrograph of the head of a sunburst
diving beetle larva. The two prominent eyes on each side of the head enable these
larvae to be highly efficient visually guided predators. In this issue, Stowasser
et al. (1482–1486) demonstrate that the more ventral eye has a bifocal lens that separates
images dorsoventrally in addition to in depth. Because this eye also has two anatomically
separated retinas, the two images that result from the bifocal lens can each be projected
onto their own retina.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_9.txt,vith,20_9.txt,"On the cover: A shore crab, Carcinus maenas, showing colors and patterns used in camouflage against predators. In this issue,
Carter et al. (pages R211–R212) demonstrate that juvenile shore crabs no longer change
color effectively when exposed to ship noise, reducing the effectiveness of their
camouflage match to the background. Image by Martin Stevens.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_20.txt,clip,30_20.txt,"On the cover: A young colony of the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. This animal, a close relative of jellyfish and corals, starts its post-embryonic
life as a motile larva. During metamorphosis, it transforms into a sessile individual
that grows clonally forming colonies. Members of the colony are genetically identical,
sharing a gastrovascular space and a nervous system. Hydractinia is highly regenerative. It does not display age-related deterioration, nor does it
develop cancer. Using single-cell transplantation, Varley et al. (pages 1883–1892)
show that Hydractinia adult stem cells—known as i-cells—are pluripotent. A single i-cell can generate all
somatic lineages and gametes. Image credit: Patricia Calcagno.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_15.txt,vitg,33_15.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_10.png,C,"On the cover: Since its identification in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has circulated
the globe and continues to adapt to its human host. In response, our immune system
presents an arsenal of defense strategies, which can be bolstered by vaccine (re-)enforcements.
In this Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe, we present a series of articles that highlight this host-virus interplay, depicted
on the cover as an abstract portrayal of how the host (magenta) and virus (blue) continuously
interact. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is reviewed by Lowery et al. (1052–1062),
while the adaptive responses are addressed by Röltgen and Boyd (1063–1075) and Grifoni
et al. (1076–1092), with Tauzin et al. (1137–1150) and Motozono et al. (1124–1136)
reporting how a single vaccine dose and key residue changes in emerging variants impact
adaptive immunity, respectively. Wang and colleagues (1043–1047) discuss how overactive
immune responses can have lasting consequences, and Bogunovic and Merad (1040–1042)
comment on SARS-CoV-2 in children; Montefiori and Acharya (1162) provide a SnapShot
of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of therapeutic interest, and Case et al. (1151–1161) report
on the therapeutic efficacy of miniproteins. Decades of work in HIV have been critical
for our rapid response to SARS-CoV-2, as discussed by Fischer et al. (1093–1110),
who compare these two pandemic viruses. Strategies that enabled the rapid development
and distribution of vaccines along with challenges ahead are reviewed by Subbarao
(1111–1123), while Schaeffer et al. (1048–1051) discuss the prospect of herd immunity
and Bhadelia (1036–1039) highlights the need to curb global inequalities in vaccine
distribution. Cover illustration by Julie Ho Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_6.txt,clip,29_6.txt,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates bacteriophage modulatation of bacterial functions.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Carasso and colleagues examine metagenomic samples from IBD patients, which demonstrated that invertible
regions associate with disease severity and are modulated by bacteriophages. The bacteriophages
are more prominent during gut inflammation, and when encountering their associated
bacteria, they alter their functions by modulating inversion states, represented by
change in the bacterial color from yellow to green. Artwork by Tomm Blum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_8.png,D,"COVER: inspired by the Perspective on p447.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_6.txt,vitg,23_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_6.txt,ave_0,24_6.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p309
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_1.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p203
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_9.txt,clip,22_9.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Inspired by the Perspective on p175.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_10.txt,vith,19_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,test
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_10.png,D,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,ave_2,2015_2.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,"The cover depicts a flexible and versatile DNA assembly strategy. Combining the automation friendly ligase cycling reaction method and the high fidelity in vivo yeast-based DNA assembly method, DNA assembler, allows for rapid, modular and massive construction of biological pathways and circuits from basic genetic parts. Artwork by Yongbo Yuan based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00117.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_12.txt,ave_1,2016_12.txt,"Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) can deliver medicines and biosensors on-demand, even in low-resource settings. Kocalar et al. prove that CFPS works in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station, paving the way for portable health tools and environmental monitors for space travelers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,test
Matter,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_3.png,B,"On the Cover: For the inaugural issue of Matter, we wanted to reflect the vast scope of materials science without focusing on a particularmaterial,molecular
system, ormanuscript. Here, we explicitly depict the “launching” of Matter via an assembly of representative scale-free building blocks—theoretical components
of all materials systems—from nano to macro and fundamentals to application. Cover
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_6.txt,vith,1_6.txt,"On the cover: Morphology of the one-dimensional titania-based material when its aqueous
colloidal suspension is mixed with a water-miscible organic solvent. The one-dimensional
nature of the material is manifest here, as described in the work of Li and colleagues. Such tunable liquid crystalline phases could open new opportunities to realize 1DL
in multiple applications. Scanning electron microscope micrograph taken by G. Schwenk
and artistically rendered by Patricia Lyons of Moorestown NJ.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,"On the cover: The editorial team at Matter has selected 2D layered heterostructures as our second annual materials system to
highlight in our 2022 Pieces of Matter Collection. From a combinatorial perspective,
a deck of cards makes a great analogy when talking about layered 2D materials. As
depicted on the cover of this issue, we can consider a set of 2D layers like a poker
hand. Unlike poker, where it is known that a flush beats a pair, for example, in materials
science, the emergent behavior of the combination—i.e., what is useful/desirable—changes
according to many variables. It would be like comparing a poker hand to a hand in
blackjack: it all depends on the context. The resulting “winning” hands are therefore
nearly limitless—it just depends on the application. Cover illustration by SciFig
(Mitra, Aram, and Farzan; https://sci-fig.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_3.png,C,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,"In this issue (p 159), Benjamin Marsland and his colleagues show that the gut microbiota can influence allergic airway disease through the metabolism of dietary fiber. Cover image: Tim Gainey / Alamy.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_11.txt,clip,20_11.txt,"Unidirectional risk effects of clonal hematopoiesis on atherosclerosis
In this issue, Fuster and colleagues find that clonal hematopoiesis confers an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The cover highlights the finding that atherosclerosis, in turn, does not affect the risk of clonal hematopoiesis, indicative of a unidirectional effect.
See Fuster et al.
Image: Rosa Moro, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_3.txt,groundtruth,30_3.txt,"This month Nature Medicine features a collection of articles focusing on regenerative medicine (pp 814–880). Cover image: ""My Life as a Hill"" by Pamela Goode",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_5.txt,vitg,20_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.png,D,"Our February issue includes articles on circadian clocks and insulin resistance, combination pharmacotherapies for metabolic diseases and the role of melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. This issue also features four Year in Review articles covering advances in endocrinology from the past year.
Image: Pancreatic islet image supplied by Shih-Jung Peng and Shiue-Cheng Tang at Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/15_11.txt,vitg,15_11.txt,"Epigenetic inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome, inspired by the Review on p521.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_4.txt,clip,17_4.txt,"COVER: Management and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, inspired by the Review on p337.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_7.txt,vith,18_7.txt,"Exploring links between obesity and the kidney, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_2.png,A,"The cover art shows the top-down transformation of S-poisoned Pd nanoparticles to form high-performance Pd single atom sites, which represents a novel way to recycle wasted catalysts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.png,B,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"A tetrahedral chiral-at-nickel(II) complex has been synthesized using an achiral unsymmetric tridentate ligand, and its structural characteristics have been clarified in detail. Under a low-temperature condition, molecules with the same absolute configuration of the stereogenic nickel(II) center preferentially grow into conglomerate crystals due to the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded helical structure formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.txt,groundtruth,2023_1.txt,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,vitg,2023_2.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_101,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_101.png,D,ONLINE COVER Amoeboid Prowling by Lung ILC2s. Featured on the cover is a confocal image of a precision-cut mouse lung slice showing green group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in close proximity to peribronchial collagen fibers (in blue and magenta). Puttur et al. used intravital microscopy techniques to track the migration of ILC2s during IL-33–induced lung inflammation. These studies identify type I collagen and chemokines as key influences on the shape and locomotor activity of ILC2s during lung inflammation. [CREDIT: FRANZ PUTTUR ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_36.txt,clip,4_36.txt,"ONLINE COVER Splenic DCs Sticking to the DC-SCRIPT. This month's cover captures the expression of the transcriptional regulator DC-SCRIPT in the mouse spleen using a dtTomato reporter allele. This confocal microscopy image highlights DC-SCRIPT expression in dendritic cells (DCs, red) that are embedded in the T cell zone (CD3, blue), surrounded by B cells (IgM, green) and the marginal zone (CD169, yellow). DC-SCRIPT is also expressed in DCs and macrophages in the red pulp. Zhang et al. found that DC-SCRIPT controls the development and function of type 1 conventional DCs. [CREDIT: WANG CAO AND SHENGBO ZHANG]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_58.txt,vith,6_58.txt,ONLINE COVER Boosting Locally Buffs Up Vaccine-Induced Immunity. This month’s cover shows an immunofluorescence image of a germinal center in a mouse lymph node 5 weeks after a priming immunization with influenza hemagglutinin. Primed B cells fate-mapped for AID expression (green) are present in the central area of a follicle of IgD-expressing B cells (red) near CD21/35-expressing follicular dendritic cells (blue). Kuraoka et al. observed more fate-mapped memory B cells in lymph node germinal centers when booster immunizations were given at the same tissue site as the original immunization rather than on the opposite side. Credit: Masayuki Kuraoka and Ryutaro Kotaki/Duke University,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_71.txt,vitg,7_71.txt,"ONLINE COVER Delayed Deployment of Liver Macrophage Defenses. Newborns are particularly vulnerable to bloodstream bacterial infections that can lead to meningitis, but the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are not fully understood. Araujo David et al. found that Kupffer cells (KCs)—specialized liver macrophages responsible for bacterial clearance from the bloodstream—relocate from the liver parenchyma to the sinusoids during the first week of life. The relocalization of KCs conferred mice with improved ability to clear bloodborne bacteria and prevent their dissemination to other organs. This month’s cover image, obtained using intravital microscopy, is a maximum-intensity Z-projection of an adult mouse liver after bloodstream bacterial infection. KCs expressing TIM4 (red) are positioned within CD31+ liver sinusoids (blue), where they can effectively capture fluorescent Escherichia coli (yellow) from the bloodstream. Credit: Bruna Araujo David/University of Calgary",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_101.txt,groundtruth,9_101.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_12.png,B,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, two articles tackle the topic of mind-wandering using different approaches. A Review
article by Seli, Risko, Smilek, and Schacter surveys behavioral evidence for a conceptual
and mechanistic distinction between intentional and unintentional mind-wandering.
An Opinion article by Mittner, Hawkins, Boekel, and Forstmann proposes a neural model
of mind-wandering that incorporates evidence of involvement of the default-mode network
and the locus coeruleus. Interestingly, the two papers independently highlight the
importance of parcellating the phenomenon of mind-wandering into subconstructs that
may have different neural mechanisms and properties. Cover image from Shutterstock/portishead1.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_5.txt,ave_2,20_5.txt,"Research on human navigation has largely been limited to Western
environments and participants, but anthropological accounts reveal diverse cultural
adaptations to navigation. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Pablo Fernandez-
Velasco and Hugo Spiers connect these anthropological studies with cognitive
science research, emphasizing the diverse, multimodal environmental cues used by
indigenous communities. They further show how environmental cues are integrated with
systematized knowledge, visualization techniques, and cognitive artifacts to produce
a
rich and varied array of navigation systems across different cultures. Cover image
from
Justin Lewis/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_12.txt,groundtruth,28_12.txt,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,ave_1,21_11.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_10.png,C,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"Plants have always been a crucial resource for humans. This relationship between humans
and plants is addressed in ethnobotany, a discipline, located at the interface of
natural and social sciences. On pages 187–191 Teresa Garnatje, Josep Peñuelas, and
Joan Vallès propose a new term, ethnobotanical convergence, to refer to the similar
uses for plants included in the same node of a phylogeny. This phylogenetic approach
together with the ‘omics’ revolution holds promise for combining modern technologies
with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to identify new potential applications of
plants. Image credit: Á. Fernández-Llamazares, S. Garcia, T. Garnatje, A. Gras, N.
Gras, M. Parada, J. Peñuelas, V. Reyes-García, J. Vallès.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,"An in-depth analysis of the mechanistic processes underlying the evolution and ecophysiology
of typical invasive plants such as Carpobrotus spp., Acacia spp., Agave spp. and Opuntia spp. (shown on the cover) in Mediterranean-type ecosystems shows very sophisticated,
complex, and efficient strategies for invasion success, particularly in fragmented
habitats. Sergi Munné-Bosch proposes a two-pronged strategy based on long-term prevention
and eradication for the management of Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Image credit:
Sergi Munné-Bosch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_10.txt,groundtruth,29_10.txt,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,clip,17_9.txt,val
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_10.png,C,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,ave_2,26_1.txt,"A tug-of-war between bacteria and immune cells for certain metabolites
gives the winning side the chance to survive. In recent years, it has become apparent
that metabolism is crucial for immune cell function; it is now also clear that pathogens
have adapted to utilise cellular metabolism for their own survival. This month, Almeida
et al. (pp. 235—248) detail how macrophage metabolism can accumulate intermediate
metabolites to interfere with bacterial metabolism. In retaliation, certain bacteria
have
adapted macrophage metabolism to confer fitness advantages. The cover represents
this constant battle between macrophages (in blue) and bacteria (in purple) over
metabolites for survival. Cover credit: concept design from Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
and Luís Almeida; illustration/colourisation from Ying Pung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_10.txt,groundtruth,35_10.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.png,B,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,Thio ligand-modified Au nanoparticles as an extraordinary electrocatalyst enhanced the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia due to the regulated electronic structure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,ave_1,2024_6.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_9.png,D,"The role of static versus dynamic stresses in earthquake clusters is unclear. Analysis of earthquakes triggered by a dyke intrusion at an Icelandic volcano unambiguously demonstrates that static stresses are important for earthquake clustering. The image shows the Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland on 2 September 2014.
Letter p629
IMAGE: BOB WHITE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_5.txt,clip,8_5.txt,"The persistence of dendritic drainage patterns implies that rivers reorganize after a tectonic perturbation, preserving no long-term record of that tectonic event. Numerical simulations of the evolution of drainage patterns in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, however, reveal rivers that resist reorganization and thus preserve a record of plate tectonic strain over tens of millions of years. The image shows a shaded digital elevation model of the Alpine Fault in the Southern Alps of New Zealand.
Article p744; News & Views p688
COVER IMAGE: SéBASTIEN CASTELLTORT, UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/5_3.txt,ave_2,5_3.txt,"Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012.
Letter p122
IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt,ave_1,8_11.txt,"Mud glorious mud
Human activities have altered the production, transport, and fate of mud and associated organic carbon, with important implications for global carbon cycling. The image shows a mudflat under the bridge to the island Oléron in Charente-Maritime, France.
See Bianchi et al.
Image: Amar and Isabelle Guillen—Guillen Photo LLC/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_9.txt,groundtruth,17_9.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_11.png,B,Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is likely to revolutionize our understanding of cellular biology and is Nature Methods' pick for Method of the Year 2008. Cover design by Erin Boyle. Special feature starts on p15.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/6_12.txt,vitg,6_12.txt,"Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy
Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy captures rare cellular events. The image shows immune synapses formed between cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cyan) and tumor cells (magenta) within a population of cultured cells. Cytotoxic granules are shown in yellow.
See Shi et al.
Image: Yu Shi and Wesley Legant, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is our choice for Method of the Year 2014 for its ability to image three dimensional biological samples at high speed and with low toxicity. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Light-sheet image from Nik962/iStock/Thinkstock. Special feature begins on p19.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/12_12.txt,vith,12_12.txt,"Artist's rendition of three-dimensional line-scan technology for two-photon microscopic imaging of in vivo cellular networks, based on images provided by Fritjof Helmchen. Cover by Erin Boyle. Article p73.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,train
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_3.png,C,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,ave_2,25_4.txt,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,vitg,24_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue evaluates the evidence of effectiveness of some of the major dental public health initiatives and policy decisions. It also explores whether new approaches to prevention and treatment might prove effective against the most common dental diseases.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"In this issue:
This themed issue of Evidence Based Dentistry explores the evidence underpinning our attempts to help people quit smoking. In particular it examines the role of vaping and its effects on both dental treatment and on the oral cavity.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_1.txt,clip,24_1.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_18.png,C,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,"organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have emerged as a class of graphene-like materials with fully π-conjugated aromatic structures. Designing novel ligands is essential for the construction of new 2D c-MOFs with high crystallinity, excellent conductivity, and tailor-made functions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,val
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_9.png,B,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"Physical activity plays a significant role in various aspects of brain health
across the lifespan. However, the consequences of sedentary behavior (SB) are not
well understood. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Liye Zou and colleagues
summarize and discuss the evidence regarding SB's impact on brain health, including
its effects on cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and
the
risk of dementia across different age groups. They critically evaluate different methods
for assessing SB and suggest new opportunities for using digital technology in these
assessments. The cover illustration features an anthropomorphic cartoon depicting
two
types of sedentary behavior (passive and active sedentary behaviors). Cover image
from Liye Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_9.txt,groundtruth,28_9.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Windt, Nielsen, and Thompson examine the widespread assumption that consciousness
is absent during deep, dreamless sleep. They present evidence suggesting that conscious
experience may persist in dreamless sleep and lay out key questions for future empirical
inquiry. Cover image from iStockphoto/Natalia Moroz. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,ave_1,21_11.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_21.png,C,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,vith,2023_22.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"The PARCH scale is a tool for calculating the hydropathy of amino acid residues as a function of a protein’s nanoscale topography, such as bumps, crevices, cavities, clefts, pockets, and channels. This computationally inexpensive method can compare hydropathies of the different protein surfaces and quantify the effect of point mutations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"This work presents a novel automatic machine learning-based manifold learning approach to discover essential transition components with kinetic properties. The circuit in the cover story represents neurons transmitting kinetic information from high-dimensional space into the protein structure of interest. The conformational space of the peptide (shown as sticks) is explored comprehensively in the protein pocket with shape complementarity considered. The lower curves with starring points indicate the long-lasting conformations, which can be used to guide subsequent drug design and lead optimization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.txt,vitg,2024_14.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_8.png,D,"The composition, structure and evolution of the Moon's mantle is poorly constrained. A global survey of the Moon's surface, using the spectral profiler onboard the Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (Kaguya), identifies a number of exposures of olivine in concentric regions around lunar craters, with a possible mantle origin. The cover is a composite image of the region around Mare Orientale on the Moon, obtained with SELENE, and improved in resolution by a Clementine UVVIS 750-nm image. Colours are assigned to the principal components of the spectral data. Credit: JAXA/SELENE, NASA.
Letter p533; News & Views p517",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/3_5.txt,clip,3_5.txt,"Interactions between narrow frontal currents and topography in the Drake Passage enhance bottom mixing, according to ocean glider observations. Such interactions between frontal currents and topography could help close Southern Ocean overturning. This image shows Neumayer Channel near the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Article p840; News & Views p806
IMAGE: XIAOZHOU RUAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"Clouds stabilize climate through Earth’s history
Reduced planetary albedo due to fewer low clouds on early Earth could explain some 40% of the required forcing to offset the faint young Sun, according to global climate model experiments.
See Goldblatt et al.
Image: Dmytro Aliokhin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/14_10.txt,vith,14_10.txt,"Clouds and climate sensitivity
Clouds are the leading source of uncertainty in predicting climate change because they strongly influence Earth’s energy balance, yet how they interact with the climate system is not well understood. Tropical anvil clouds produced by thunderstorms are particularly important because they reflect sunlight and trap thermal radiation, but their fate in a warming world is unclear. The image shows anvil clouds casting shadows over the Amazon rainforest.
See McKim et al.
Image: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_8.txt,groundtruth,17_8.txt,train
BDJ,237_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_9.png,C,"In this issue
This issue includes articles on gluten-free foods, matrix transfer techniques and digital readiness in dentistry.

Cover image: The illustration makes historical reference to the time period. Quill and ink mark the signing of the Dentists’ Act. Guy’s character echoes within the parliamentary setting, giving a sense of professional pride. His emphasis on the need to work together reminds us that attitude will in part determine our profession’s success altitude. (Graphite and watercolour on paper.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_11.txt,clip,233_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on teething, diabetes mellitus, and NHS patient dental charges.

Cover image: From 2011. By the end of the first decade of this century, the financial crisis of 2008 and the clearly accelerating move towards digital communications coalesced as we sat down to decide on the cover series for the first half of 2011. The surge away from physical mail to email was a trigger for us to select postage stamps as a cover series. We were helped hugely in this by Stuart Geddes. The one featured centrally on the cover of this issue was originally used on Volume 210 Issue 3 (12 February 2011) and here is a representative of the series as well as our sense of how electronic media were posed to, and have indeed become the dominant feature of, our present world.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating stamps originally provided by Stuart Geddes",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_9.txt,groundtruth,237_9.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, virtual clinics, and polishing systems.

Cover image: From 2019. The BDA Museum series which inspired the cover on this current issue was a direct lookback and comparison with modern practice and was published in the second half of 2019. One item was an operating face mask from the 1920s, complete with its stylish box (from Vol 227 Issue 8, 25 October 2019). As the series drew to a close at the end of that year, no one had any notion whatsoever of the pandemic that was about to engulf us in 2020 when the use of personal protective equipment became such a crucial element of enabling continuing health care.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_5.txt,ave_2,237_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_1.png,B,The cover art features noncovalent modification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using thermally cleavable polythiophene. The conjugated polymer contains a carbonate group as a thermally cleavable unit and a solubilizing group as a flexible unit in a terminal group. A well-dispersed solution of a polythiophene/SWCNTs composite is obtained by adsorption of the polymer at the SWCNTs surface. The solution-processed,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2019_48.txt,vitg,2019_48.txt,Hexagonal boron nitride spontaneously formed at the interface between a molten nickel–boron solution and dinitrogen gas in a ReaxFF simulation at 1800 K.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover art depicts highly exothermic intermetallic formation reactions proceeding from Ni/Al nanocomposites. Our research investigates reaction rates and dynamics of differing nanocomposite structures, using a molecular dynamics approach. These simulations reveal that structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces can substantially exceed singly periodic Ni/Al nanolaminates of comparable scale in reactivity. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2023_34.txt,clip,2023_34.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,vith,2015_41.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_7.png,B,"Hundreds of regions across the genome have now been implicated in disorders of the brain, but navigating this data deluge and translating it into biological and mechanistic insights remains a challenge. In this special issue on neurogenomics, we present a series of Perspectives and Reviews by leading experts on the latest genomic methods, their recent discoveries in psychiatry and neurology, and their implication for and application to neuroscience. Cover image by Alexander Arguello. (p 745, pp 756-800)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_7.txt,ave_2,17_7.txt,"Brain genomics in Black Americans
Racial health disparities are shaped by complex interactions among genetics and the environment . Benjamin et al. investigate differential brain gene expression and epigenetic modifications linked to ancestry variation among Black Americans, and how these relate to risks for various brain illnesses and traits.
See Benjamin et al.
Image: Tall Glass Media courtesy of the Lieber Institute for Brain Development. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_7.txt,groundtruth,27_7.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,clip,20_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates the human brain, with magma erupting from its core to represent a computational tool, H-MAGMA, that identifies molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders by leveraging chromatin architecture in the brain.
Image credit: Erika Deoudes Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/23_9.txt,ave_3,23_9.txt,val
Cell Host&Microbe,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_12.png,A,"On the cover: In this Cell Host & Microbe issue, Yu et al. report that oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum during the perioperative phase of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment significantly
enhances postoperative liver function, extends survival, and reduces hospitalization.
This effect is mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites, including
5-hydroxytryptamine, secondary bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids. These factors
collectively promote hepatocyte growth while inhibiting liver fibrosis and inflammation.
Also in this issue Lehmann and colleagues demonstrate that fecal metabolite profiling
can identify liver transplant patients with heightened risk for post-operative infections.
These studies collectively illustrate how the gut-liver axis can impact disease/treatment
outcome. The cover image illustrates this therapeutic intervention's impact on the
liver's healing process, with Bifidobacterium longum playing a central role.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vith,32_9.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,"On the cover: Since its identification in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has circulated
the globe and continues to adapt to its human host. In response, our immune system
presents an arsenal of defense strategies, which can be bolstered by vaccine (re-)enforcements.
In this Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe, we present a series of articles that highlight this host-virus interplay, depicted
on the cover as an abstract portrayal of how the host (magenta) and virus (blue) continuously
interact. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is reviewed by Lowery et al. (1052–1062),
while the adaptive responses are addressed by Röltgen and Boyd (1063–1075) and Grifoni
et al. (1076–1092), with Tauzin et al. (1137–1150) and Motozono et al. (1124–1136)
reporting how a single vaccine dose and key residue changes in emerging variants impact
adaptive immunity, respectively. Wang and colleagues (1043–1047) discuss how overactive
immune responses can have lasting consequences, and Bogunovic and Merad (1040–1042)
comment on SARS-CoV-2 in children; Montefiori and Acharya (1162) provide a SnapShot
of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of therapeutic interest, and Case et al. (1151–1161) report
on the therapeutic efficacy of miniproteins. Decades of work in HIV have been critical
for our rapid response to SARS-CoV-2, as discussed by Fischer et al. (1093–1110),
who compare these two pandemic viruses. Strategies that enabled the rapid development
and distribution of vaccines along with challenges ahead are reviewed by Subbarao
(1111–1123), while Schaeffer et al. (1048–1051) discuss the prospect of herd immunity
and Bhadelia (1036–1039) highlights the need to curb global inequalities in vaccine
distribution. Cover illustration by Julie Ho Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_6.txt,clip,29_6.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_6.png,D,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,ave_2,56_7.txt,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,clip,55_7.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Preventing pathological expansion of tandem repeats
Analysis of the FGF14-SCA27B repeat locus identifies a common 5'-flanking insertion that is present exclusively in non-pathogenic alleles and enhances repeat stability.
See Pellerin et al.
Image: Marie Stargala and Matthew Rosen. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_6.txt,groundtruth,56_6.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2025_1.png,C,"The cover shows a configuration of a resistive-type gas sensor based on Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers. A facile solvothermal approach for Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers with well-defined morphologies is demonstrated. The incorporation of Al ions into NiO nanocrystals contributes to a remarkable difference in changes of the carrier concentration and distribution of oxygen component, offering excellent sensing characteristics in detecting and recognizing ethanol gas molecules. Image created by Chen Wang. See DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00123.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_11.txt,vith,2016_11.txt,"Plasmonic hydrogen sensors are enhanced by using algorithms of phase space reconstruction and convolutional neural networks, achieving high accuracies, and significantly improving response speed, sensitivity, and the limit of detection. This work introduces safe, nonelectronic remote sensing, achieving 0.98 accuracy, with implications for advancing spectrum-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,test
ACS Engineering Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.png,C,"Driven by readily available renewable energy, the direct electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes via Joule heating provides a promising route for decarbonization, shows potential to overcome heat transfer limitations, and enables process intensification by the design of compact reactors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.txt,ave_1,2024_6.txt,"This work presents the sustainable green solvent engineering for the synthesis of REWO (RE = Ce, Sm, Gd) nanoparticles, which are modified disposable screenprinted carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene in real-time analysis of water samples.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.txt,vith,2024_1.txt,"Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) has been extensively applied for NOx emission control, where the formation of the greenhouse gas N2O is an issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Selective catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) exhibit low ethane and ethylene (C2) productivity due to their limited activity. More active catalysts, on the other hand, often suffer from a low selectivity, resulting in pronounced carbon oxide formation. In this work, we try to combine the best of both worlds in adiabatic layered packed-bed reactors, with an active catalyst upstream of a more selective one, as an optimal solution to enhance the C2 productivity in the OCM process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2021_2.txt,clip,2021_2.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_2.png,A,"Enzymatic addition of phosphates at different positions on the inositol
ring, symbolized by a factory conveyor belt with robotic arms, generates a diverse
pool
of inositol phosphates (InsPs) in eukaryotic cells. InsPs can regulate protein function
by
several modes of action, represented by branches emerging from the central belt. On
pages 969–985, Kim et al explore the biochemical principles underlying the metabolism
of InsPs and their biological functions in mammals. Cover art by Jayraj Sen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_2.txt,groundtruth,49_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,"Biological entities, such as enzymes, use complex multistep working mechanisms. Pathway
selection mechanisms are crucial in controlling parallel reaction fluxes to result
in biologically effective processes. On pages 684–690 of this issue, Málnási-Csizmadia
and Kovács discuss how such decisions factor into actomyosin function. Cover design
by Zoltán Simon and András Málnási-Csizmadia, based on the original painting ""Ribbon-spinning""
by Krisztina Lehoczky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/35_1.txt,vith,35_1.txt,"On pages 472–483 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Goodsell, Olson, and Forli provide an update, almost thirty years in the making,
of how structural information can be integrated with light microscopy and -omics data,
among others, to depict the cellular mesoscale. This is the level at where one can
observe how individual molecular components come together and interact in living systems.
For example, on the cover, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is illustrated.
Cover image designed by Dr. Goodsell, in collaboration with Daniel Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_7.txt,clip,45_7.txt,train
innovation,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_2.png,B,"On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral.
Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent
global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated
by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today,
in order to explore the future of science.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,"On the cover: In the Mozi Gongshu from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods of ancient China, the principle
of “Shu attacks and Mo defends” is recorded, which means that for every attack strategy,
there is inevitably a corresponding method of defense. This wisdom is vividly reflected
in crop protection of modern agricultural practices. To prevent agricultural pests
from damaging crops, people extensively adopt Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based bioinsecticides and insect-resistant crops. However, the global notorious
pest, Plutella xylostella, utilizes its strong immune system to form a midgut transcriptional regulatory loop
as a “defensive shield” to resist Bt toxicity. The arms race between insect pests
and Bt perfectly exemplifies the ancient “Shu attacks and Mo defends” principle. In
the future, deciphering the “Bt resistance shield” of insect pests can be utilized
to design specific methods to break the evolutionary balance of pest resistance, which
could be conducive to developing novel pest management strategies. This will advance
global crop protection level to new horizons and make a significant contribution to
ensuring food security.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"On the cover: Human civilization has been boosted by the development of chemistry,
from fire-using to artificial fuels and chemicals. The advancement of chemistry brings
us closer than ever to the nature of microscopic universe. Now, chemists are playing
a critical role to develop green energy and intelligent materials. For a bright future
of humanity, more and more breakthroughs in chemical technology are needed.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/2_4.txt,ave_1,2_4.txt,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_413,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_413.png,D,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes the chemical cues involved in altering the Ca2+ signals that lead to arrhythmias in heart cells exposed to mechanical stress. The image shows an artist's depiction of a mechanical heart. [Image: ADDRicky/iStockphoto],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_317.txt,clip,7_317.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that reveals the mechanisms that generate pacemaking activity in human sinoatrial nodal cells. The image shows an artist's depiction of a human heart. [Image: martan/shutterstock.com],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_534.txt,vith,11_534.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that reducing Akt activity might alleviate cardiovascular complications and mortality associated with atherosclerosis. The image shows an artist's depiction of an atherosclerotic plaque. [Image: Valerie Altounian/Science Signaling],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_287.txt,ave_2,6_287.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on the effects of adenylyl cyclase 5 signaling on cardiac hypertrophy and other disorders associated with aging. [Image: David M. Allen, Purdue University]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_413.txt,groundtruth,2007_413.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_4.png,D,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"The cover art depicts an imaginative scenario wherein various microbes
are seen attending a class on the different types of genetic mechanisms that they
could
employ in order to survive various stresses, in turn enhancing their ability to infect
different
hosts. This illustration captures the essence of this Joint Special Issue and forms
a unifying
basis for the different article themes featured within. Image courtesy: Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/29_14.txt,vith,29_14.txt,"Stressful environments provide unique ecological niches for microbial
evolution. The cover schematic depicts multiple strategies that bacteriophages
(phages) can adopt to cope with various physicochemical stressors, such as
extreme temperatures, radiation, and toxic pollutants. In this issue, Dan Huang and
colleagues review the impact of various environmental stressors on the physiological
state and community dynamics of phages and explore the adaptive strategies
employed by phages in response to these stressors. They also discuss the ecological
consequences of phage-host interactions within stressful environments. Image
courtesy: Dan Huang",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_2.png,A,"The image shows Khasi mandarin oranges inside a container, connected to sensors measuring their ripeness and respiration rate. This study uses AI to predict how long the fruit will stay fresh, helping to make better decisions for storage, pricing, and reducing waste.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,Agri-food-based applications of different essential-oil-based nanocarriers. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,ave_2,2022_2.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt,ave_3,2022_3.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2025_1.png,D,"High-precision printing using gold nanoparticle ink, characterized by its low-temperature sintering capacity, presents a promising frontier for advancing flexible printed and wearable electronic technologies. The cover features the investigation and optimization of a water-based gold nanoparticle ink formulation tailored for utilization in aerosol jet and inkjet printers, specifically for applications within printed electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,ave_3,2023_6.txt,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,"Due to its unique properties, microneedles are a potential game-changer in advanced healthcare with a focus on drug delivery and diagnosis. Recently, the focus has been on developing new technologies for fabricating microneedles with improved performance. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_37,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_37.png,B,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"The high concentration of oxygen vacancies on Ni/CeO2-NS facilitates the activation of water and oxygen molecules during methanol oxidative steam reforming, leading to enhanced conversion of methanol to hydrogen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_37.txt,groundtruth,2024_37.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,val
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_6.png,B,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,ave_2,2024_5.txt,"shell structure may be a clever choice to achieve effective capture and storage of radioactive iodine. The core acts as the active site in the reaction with iodine, and the shell acts as a radioactive barrier, trapping captured iodine firmly on the core of the sorbent.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,clip,2024_7.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,46_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_2.png,A,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of the potential mechanisms underlying mitophagy against hypoxia-ischemia-induced neuronal ferroptosis. In neonatal rat HIBD, mitophagy is activated as a protective response to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. BNIP3-dependent mitophagy mediated by Tat-SPK2 peptide maintains iron and redox homeostasis by facilitating P62-KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid peroxidation and neuronal ferroptosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01365-x). See the article in pages 33–51",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_2.txt,groundtruth,46_2.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,vitg,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt,vith,45_11.txt,test
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_5.png,B,"Tropical peatlands hold ~105 Gt of carbon but are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic activities. This Review describes the biogeochemistry of these systems and how disturbances such as deforestation, fire, drainage and agriculture are affecting them. See Page et al.
Image: Muslianshah Masrie / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_6.txt,ave_3,3_6.txt,"The future of the land carbon sink depends on the temperature response of ecosystem respiration. This Review explores observational and experimental evidence for a unimodal temperature response of respiration and the implications for carbon sequestration predictions.
Image credit: Amith Nag Photography/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"The Tibetan Plateau is being irreparably altered by anthropogenic forcings. This Focus Issue explores the geological, surface and climatic processes interacting across timescales, and highlights the need for collaboration to protect this fragile environment.
Image credit: Liu Xiaodong/VCG via Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_3.txt,vitg,3_3.txt,"The terrestrial biosphere stores carbon in a land carbon sink, offsetting emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. This Review demonstrates that the magnitude of the land carbon sink has increased over time, but that its stability in the future is less clear and depends on effective implementation of nature-based solutions.
Image credit: Surasak Suwanmake/ Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_5.txt,clip,4_5.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_6.png,A,"Nuclear moonlighting
The urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) translocates to the nucleus upon DNA damage, thus restraining cytosolic pyrimidine synthesis and producing nuclear fumarate to drive cell cycle arrest and subsequent genome repair. The image depicts the moonlighting function of ASS1.
See Lim et al.
Image: Grant Faint/Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,"Shedding light on carbon fixation
Cyanobacteria are subjected to fast light–dark cycles in large bodies of water as they circulate from illuminated to dark areas in short periods of time. In this issue of Nature Metabolism, Lu, Chang, et al. provide insight into the mechanisms through which cyanobacteria adapt their metabolic networks to switch from carbon fixation to carbon oxidation in these rapid oscillations. The image depicts lighter and darker areas in a large body of water.
See Lu, Chang et al.
Image: George Pachantouris / Getty Images. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_6.txt,clip,5_6.txt,"Focus on exercise metabolism and health
Our September issue includes a Focus on exercise metabolism and health, consisting of Reviews, Comments and research Articles revisiting foundational topics and highlighting new paradigms in exercise and muscle metabolism, as well as their broader implications for organismal health.
Visit our web collection
Image: mustafahacalaki. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,ave_1,1_11.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_6.png,C,"Chitosan membrane for hydroxide exchange
The image depicts a membrane with 1 nm nanochannels made by crosslinking chitosan molecules with copper ions. The membrane exhibits promising performance for hydroxide exchange applications.
See Hu
IMAGE: Jiaqi Dai. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_7.txt,vitg,17_7.txt,"Superlubricity occurs when friction between two sliding surfaces almost vanishes. This phenomenon has been observed so far only for small specimens that are a few micrometres wide at most. Yingying Zhang and colleagues have now observed superlubricity between centimetre-long concentric carbon nanotubes (schematically shown on the cover), which was made possible by a synthesis method that allows the production of pure carbon nanotubes that are several centimetres long.
Letter p912; News & Views p893
IMAGE: FEI WEI
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"Switchable non-volatile topological devices
The cover image illustrates the ferroelectric hysteresis loop in doubly aligned magic-angle bilayer graphene. Applying an electric field to this heterostructure injects electrons into the ferroelectric graphene system non-volatilely, enabling quasi-continuous switchable ferroelectric states. This ferroelectricity coexists with the Chern insulator effect, enabling the selective switching of topologically protected quantum edge states, which can support noise-immune neuromorphic computing applications.
See Cheng et al.
Image: Chaoyang Zhao, independent artist; and Moyu Chen, Nanjing University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_6.txt,groundtruth,19_6.txt,"When nanotechnology focuses on COVID-19
Nanotechnology expertise and tools provide valuable contributions to the development of therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for COVID-19. In this Focus issue, nanotechnologists depict the key roles that nanotechnology plays in preclinical and clinical SARS-CoV-2 research. In COVID-19 vaccine development, nanoparticles enable the delivery of antigens, in particular nucleic acids, which are important vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials. Moreover, researchers can build on long-standing expertise in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to improve the treatment efficacy of drugs currently repurposed for COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based sensors can be rapidly adapted for the sensitive early diagnosis of COVID-19, and expertise in immunoengineering and cancer vaccine development provides important insight into immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19, as illustrated on the cover, which shows some of the crucial players of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The time is ripe for nanotechnology to make a real clinical impact.
See Florindo et al.
Image: Rita Acúrcio, University of Lisbon. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/15_5.txt,vith,15_5.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_94,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_94.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Piano Forte. Human hands are complex and agile, but most robotic end effectors are simple and bulky. Hughes et al. used 3D-printing technology to create robotic devices that mimic human hands, with stiff skeletal frames surrounded by flexible ""ligaments"" controlling movement at joints. They varied ligament stiffness and the force applied to strike a piano key; the resulting data led to models predicting the range of motion for a specific set of conditions. The validity of the approach and the design was demonstrated with a system able to play excerpts of three different pieces of music, representing a range of styles, in a manner close to that of a human. [CREDIT: J. HUGHES & N. CHORNAY/UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_25.txt,clip,3_25.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Human-Robot Interaction. Prosthetic systems that provide a strong sense of agency and ownership between the user and the prosthesis will improve performance and reduce the rate of device abandonment. Marasco et al. have developed a neural-machine interface for a bionic prosthetic arm that leverages the sense of touch to enhance physical ownership and provides grip kinesthesia to enhance agency. This month's cover is a photograph of the inside socket of a bionic prosthetic arm (see also Focus by Ortiz-Catalan). Credit: Courtney Shell, Dylan Beckler, Zachary Thumser, and Paul Marasco/Laboratory for Bionic Integration, Cleveland Clinic",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_58.txt,vitg,6_58.txt,"ONLINE COVER Grasping Objects with Prosthetics. Amputation of a limb can affect the ability of an amputee to carry out simple tasks, such as grasping an object. Several prosthetic devices rely on the use of electrical signals from nerves and muscles to control their motion. Gherardini et al. have developed an approach that uses implanted magnets that harness muscle deformation to control a myokinetic prosthetic hand. A participant with a transradial amputation recruited for the study showed the ability to carry out functional tests to demonstrate dexterous motor skills. This month’s cover is an image of the participant’s prosthetic hand grasping a clothespin. Credit: OneFrame Creative Science Communication",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_94.txt,groundtruth,9_94.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Soft Touch. Measuring and distinguishing in real time normal and shear forces are crucial for slip detection and interaction with fragile bodies. Boutry et al. developed a multilayer electronic skin that distinguished subtle differences in force direction with microstructures inspired by human skin and sunflower floret spirals. They covered the hand of a robotic arm with the e-skin and programmed a controller to stop the automatic downward movement of the arm when a certain amount of force was detected. The resulting sensory feedback allowed the system to respond quickly enough to avoid damaging lightweight objects. [CREDIT: A. FOUDEH, C. BOUTRY, M. NEGRE, M. JORDA, O. VARDOULIS, Z. BAO/STANFORD UNIVERSITY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_24.txt,vith,3_24.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.png,C,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,Yellow cross-linked polymer monoliths with hierarchical porosities and,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,Water-soluble spiropyran copolymers retain a photoresponsive feature in response to UV and visible light in pure water. The introduction of a methoxy functional group provides additional binding sites for metal ion complexation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,test
Biophysical Journal,124_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_3.png,D,"Cover picture: The physical attributes of the extracellular environment can inform internal cell
processes and responses to external stimuli. The basement membrane of many tissues,
including vascular tissues, displays a complex topographic mixture of ridges and grooves,
bumps and pores, with dimensions that range from nanometer to micrometer. To better
understand how the combination of multiple topographic features influences vascular
endothelial cells, McKee et al. have generated highly porous polyelectrolyte multilayer
films that closely mimic the architectural features and stochastic nature of in vivo
vascular basement membrane. The front cover artwork combines an AFM topographic height
image of the surface we have created, with an artist's interpretation of cells interacting
with the surface (artwork by John H. Doval, University of California, Davis). See
the article by McKee et al. on page 1224.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/102_8.txt,vitg,102_8.txt,"Cover picture: Shown is a Lifeact-EGFP-expressing bovine aortic endothelial cell scanned simultaneously
with a confocal microscope (Leica TCS SP8) and an atomic-force microscope (JPK Nanowizard
III). Quantification of cortical actin dynamics by atomic-force microscopy opens a
new perspective for structure-function analysis of cytoskeletal organization right
beneath the apical plasma membrane. For more information, see the article by Kronlage
et al. on pages 687–698.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/109_9.txt,clip,109_9.txt,"Cover picture: Artistic view by Verena Grieder (Photolab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel,
Basel, Switzerland) and Martin Stolz (nCATS (National Centre for Advanced Tribology
at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK)) of collagen meshworks
as can be found in diverse parts of the body. Collagen from tendon and various types
of cartilage were imaged at different magnifications by atomic force microscopy. The
image in the middle shows two cartilage cells (chondrocytes) that are expressing the
surrounding extracellular matrix. Closer view demonstrates the typical 67 nm D-periodicity
of cartilage collagen fibrils. Cartoon of the skeleton by permission, copyright of
Medical Multimedia Group, Missoula, MT. See the article by Loparic et al. on page
2731.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/98_2.txt,vith,98_2.txt,"Cover picture: Inhibition of the Brahma-related gene (BRG1) motor in the Brg/Brm-associated factor
chromatin remodeling complex stiffens the nucleus, preventing its transition from
an oblate shape in substrate-attached cells to a spherical shape in plasma-membrane-enclosed
karyoplasts upon isolation. When fibroblasts with active BRG1 are exposed to gentle
centrifugal forces, they lose most of their nuclei, leaving behind nucleus-free cytoplasts.
In contrast, when the BRG1 motor is inhibited (as shown in this image), the same centrifugal
force leaves behind mostly intact cells and fewer cytoplasts (actin cytoskeleton stained
in green), with their nuclei (blue) unable to emerge from the cell during the centrifugation process. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3322.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_3.txt,groundtruth,124_3.txt,train
ACS Omega,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_2.png,B,The cover art represents the accurate delivery of penicillin-based sulfones into the periplasmic space via bacterial iron uptake pathways. The applied siderophore conjugation strategy allowed for the efficient inhibition of relevant,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_29.txt,vitg,2024_29.txt,"Flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenases like AbeH show great potential as synthetic tools for regioselective green aryl halide production, despite suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Crystallography and ITC have determined that negative coupling between flavin and substrate binding limits turnover by preventing tryptophan from binding to AbeH as long as flavin remains bound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"This cover art illustrates the eco-friendly synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from plant-based precursors and their dual applications. Gold nanoparticles synthesized from CQDs are depicted, facilitating a transformative catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, alongside their use in vivid bacterial imaging. This visual encapsulation celebrates the fusion of green chemistry and nanotechnology, showcasing a novel stride toward environmental sustainability and biomedical advancement.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_31.txt,clip,2024_31.txt,"The cover art provided is a synthesis of the work developed. The Cry10Aa protein is shown with the 20 amino acid sequence of α-helix 3 in blue, which was used as a model sequence for the present project. From these sequences, six variants of antimicrobial peptides were generated, with emphasis on variant 5, which was demonstrated to be potent against Staphylococcus aureus",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_26.txt,vith,2024_26.txt,val
Nature Chemical Biology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/21_1.png,A,"A blueprint for saponin synthesis
Saponarioside B, a saponin triterpenoid glycoside, is a potential precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceutical adjuvants. Jo et al. have now reported its complete biosynthetic pathway. The cover image is a botanical illustration of a Saponaria plant taken from a book in the rare book collection at the John Innes Centre.
See Jo et al.
Image: John Innes Historical Collections, courtesy of the John Innes Foundation. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"The cover depicts infection of an Arabidopsis plant by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Jasmonylisoleucine is a phytohormone that regulates plant defense against fungal pathogens and whose synthesis was thought to be dependent on OPDA reductase 3 (OPR3) activity. An OPR3-indendent pathway was identified that produces 4,5-didehydrojasmonate as a precursor for jasmonyl-isoleucine. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image taken by Andrea Chini. Article, p171; News & Views, p109",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/14_11.txt,clip,14_11.txt,"Terpenoids on the move
Before petunia flowers open, terpenoids are produced in the tube and emitted into the bud’s headspace. These volatile compounds then diffuse into the pistil, where they affect growth, seed yield, and the pistil microbiome in the developing flower.
See Boachon et al.
Image: Joseph Lynch. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/15_7.txt,ave_2,15_7.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_1.png,A,"This visualization highlights the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for advanced material characterization. The image depicts AI-assisted processing of diffraction data, where machine-learning models facilitate full atomic structure characterization from experimental observations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00182). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00277). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_20.txt,clip,2020_20.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_24.txt,vith,2020_24.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00182). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00277). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_21.txt,ave_1,2020_21.txt,train
Current Biology,34_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_3.png,C,"On the cover: Images of Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin), Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt), and Urechis caupo (innkeeper worm) meiotic and mitotic embryos stained for tubulin (orange) and DNA
(cyan). Cell size and shape vary across species and within multicellular organisms,
which correlates with changes in spindle size and shape to accomplish accurate division.
In their “spindle zoo” paper, Crowder et al. (pages 1542–1550) analyze mitotic and
meiotic spindles from a variety of animal species. They report that mitotic spindle
length scaling to cell size is conserved during early embryogenesis across metazoans
within a shared range of cell sizes, which is not observed for female meiotic spindles
across species. These findings highlight the similarities and differences between
spindle types within an organism and across animal species. Images by Marina E. Crowder.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_14.txt,clip,25_14.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Dagenais et al. demonstrate that the characteristic polygonal pattern of grooves on the noses of
dogs, ferrets, and cows develops in the embryo via the mechanical coupling between
epidermal folding and stiff blood vessels. Homogeneous growth of the epidermis makes
it buckle into sharp creases exactly facing an underlying network of blood vessels
because the latter form rigid base points—akin to stiff pillars supporting rising
arches. These results suggest a new concept of “mechanical positional information”
by which material properties of anatomical elements impose local constraints on an
otherwise globally self-organized mechanical process. The resulting skin grooves retain
physiological fluid, thereby keeping the nose wet and, among other effects, facilitating
the collection of chemosensory molecules. Image by Paule Dagenais, Fabrice Berger,
and Michel C. Milinkovitch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_3.txt,groundtruth,34_3.txt,"On the cover: A three-dimensional reconstruction of all cells in a subunit of the
Drosophila melanogaster lamina—the first stage of visual processing in the fly. Rivera-Alba et al. (pages
2000–2005) use this reconstruction to demonstrate that the placement of neurons in
the cartridge is consistent with minimizing the total length of synaptic branches
under the constraint of a given wiring diagram and the volume exclusion. Image by
Marta Rivera-Alba.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,val
Precision Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.png,B,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,ave_1,2024_5.txt,Cover illustrates nanometer-thick collector films of lithium batteries relying on a closely packed crossed-lamellar structure for excellent damage resistance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,ave_2,2023_7.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_12.png,B,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"The adsorbent materials act as guardians, adeptly capturing and containing the released iodine. The porous structure serves as a trap, preventing iodine from spreading further and mitigating its impact on the environment and human health. This symbiotic relationship between industry and technology showcases a promising avenue for sustainable and responsible management of hazardous substances.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,Yellow cross-linked polymer monoliths with hierarchical porosities and,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,val
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_1.png,A,"On the cover: This artistic representation showcases a 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V screw
designed for spinal procedures. Karavasili et al. show that its fenestrated, microstructured geometry enables precise antibiotic release
via an injectable hydrogel composite, promoting osteoblast activity and inhibiting
bacterial growth. A fusion of engineering and biomedicine, this innovation potentially
offers a safer, patient-specific alternative to traditional bone cement. Image by
ScienceBrush Design.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers,
published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration
with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied
research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_23.png,D,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,fibrous structure were prepared by modulating the ratio of binary polymers and exhibit excellent mechanical properties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_10.png,A,"On the cover: The image depicts the mitochondrial network as the tree of life. When
our cells are young, mitophagy constantly works to prune its branches and keep the
tree healthy. In this abstraction, mitophagy events are depicted as spheres emanating
from the tree on the left. With age, mitophagy stops working, leaving behind the old
fruitless deadwood which can no longer support cellular functions (as visualized by
the tree on the right). To learn more about how loss of mitochondrial quality control
drives aging, see Kelly et al. Image credit: Hanna Salmonowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_10.txt,groundtruth,59_10.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,clip,58_23.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,vith,56_2.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,40_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_1.png,C,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,vith,37_4.txt,"The cover shows the circumsporozoite protein (CSP, cyan) and nuclei
(magenta) during the final stage of Plasmodium sporozoite formation within oocysts at the
Anopheles mosquito midgut. The image is a projection over five layers acquired from
a
4x expanded midgut with a Zeiss Airyscan 2 LSM900 microscope. In this issue of Trends
   in Parasitology, Singer et al. discuss the many roles of CSP, from sporozoite formation
within the mosquito to infection of the mammalian host. Image credit: Maren Gehringer
and Kevin Walz, Heidelberg University Medical Faculty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_1.txt,groundtruth,40_1.txt,"Throughout intraerythrocytic growth, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum consumes up to 80% of the host cell cytoplasm. Hemoglobin degradation and heme detoxification
are essential parasite adaptations that occur in an acidified compartment called digestive
vacuole. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Matz discusses the current knowledge about the properties and functions of the digestive
vacuole and highlights the parasite’s acidic gut as a therapeutic target for drug
discovery. The cover image shows a pseudo-colorized transmission electron micrograph
of a P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte. The lumen of the digestive vacuole (red) harbors hemozoin (yellow),
which is the crystalline end product of heme detoxification. Cover credit: Matthew
R. G. Russell (The Francis Crick Institute and King’s College London, UK).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_6.txt,clip,38_6.txt,train
Matter,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_2.png,A,"On the cover: This cover features luminous 3D networks and swirling color trails against
a matrix of elliptical forms, symbolizing the innovative exploration of materials'
properties through computational modeling. In this issue, Prof. Simon Billinge from Columbia University explore the concept of a genome as applied to materials. The image symbolizes how
different ways of thinking about genomic codings of material structure can lead to
new insights in materials discovery. Image courtesy of the author.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to
reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed
to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress
and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary
of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across
48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors
(Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped
us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new
contributions to the materials community.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,"On the cover: The editorial team at Matter has selected 2D layered heterostructures as our second annual materials system to
highlight in our 2022 Pieces of Matter Collection. From a combinatorial perspective,
a deck of cards makes a great analogy when talking about layered 2D materials. As
depicted on the cover of this issue, we can consider a set of 2D layers like a poker
hand. Unlike poker, where it is known that a flush beats a pair, for example, in materials
science, the emergent behavior of the combination—i.e., what is useful/desirable—changes
according to many variables. It would be like comparing a poker hand to a hand in
blackjack: it all depends on the context. The resulting “winning” hands are therefore
nearly limitless—it just depends on the application. Cover illustration by SciFig
(Mitra, Aram, and Farzan; https://sci-fig.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,test
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.png,A,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,vith,3_2.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"In this Review, Cheryan et al. discuss four factors that might explain women’s underrepresentation in some STEM fields and interventions that might help reduce these disparities.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_5.png,A,"A translational gene essentiality map to guide treatment in cancer
Using machine learning to build translational gene essentiality maps of patients’ tumors and normal tissue biopsies identifies oncogenes and synthetic lethalities that are predictive of drug responses and patient outcomes.
See Shi et al.
Image: Nobi Prizue / iStock / Getty Images Plus; image concept: Damian Falkowski, AbbVie BSG Creative Services. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vith,6_1.txt,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"The balancing act of tissue repair and cancer
Tissue regenerative programs triggered by radiation are orchestrated by infiltrating neutrophils and enhance metastatic growth.
See Nolan et al.See also related News & Views article byGranot & Heinberg
Image: Ilaria Malanchi, the Francis Crick Institute. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_3.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,vith,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The different colored shapes depict the SA-induced NPR1, as a dimer, fused to TurboID
with the labeling radius highlighted in green and to GFP that is recognized by the
GFP nanobody-MNase used in greenCUT&RUN. When bound to NPR1-GFP, the GFP nanobody-MNase
cleaves the genomic loci bound by NPR1-GFP through its association with the TGA transcription
factor (TGA). The cover image illustrates, on the one side, the identification of
the nuclear partners of NPR1, while on the other side, the identification of genomic
targets of NPR1. Image by Jordan Powers.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_3.txt,groundtruth,17_3.txt,"On The Cover The IMMUTANS locus of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX, a versatile terminal (plastoquinol)
oxidase in plastid membranes. It plays a central role in regulating the redox state
of membranes in chloroplasts and non-green plastids. The immutans variegation mutant (shown) has green- and white-sectored leaves due to the absence
of PTOX, and over the years it has served as a model system to understand the function
of this protein in plastid metabolism and processes of photosynthesis and plastid
differentiation. In this paper, studies of immutans reveal that PTOX mediates carotenogenesis, as well as novel pathways of electron
transport, in membranes in etioplasts of dark grown seedlings. These paths likely
define one or more processes of “etiorespiration” in which molecular oxygen is consumed
to form water at the expense of electrons from NAD(P)H. Image by: Sekhar Kambakam.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_4.txt,clip,9_4.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_7.png,A,"Laser patterning of liquid-crystal elastomers
Lack of local phase patterning in liquid-crystal elastomers has hindered their broad implementation. The authors report a laser-induced dynamic crosslinking approach with allyl sulfide groups to achieve reconfigurable high-resolution patterning of multiple liquid crystalline phases in a single film.
See Choi et al.
Image: Seok Hwan Choi, Seoul National University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_7.txt,groundtruth,23_7.txt,"Robust superhydrophobicity
Coatings made of flexible, organic layered nanocomposites achieve high water repellence under harsh mechanical and chemical environments.
See Peng et al. and News & Views by Girard et al.
Image: Manish K. Tiwari. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_9.txt,ave_1,17_9.txt,"Shape-morphing elastomers
Elastomer sheets with programmable air channel organization swiftly shape into complex three-dimensional structures upon the application of pressure.
See Roman et al. and Efrati News & Views
Image: Emmanuel Siefert, PMMH, CNRS/EPSCI-PSL/SorbonneU./U.Diderot. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_12.txt,vith,18_12.txt,"The scales of a fish are its first level of defence. Now, the four-layered structure of fish scales has been analysed according to its mechanical properties and penetration resistance. This study of the different layers provides a mechanistic understanding of evolutionary design as well as inspiration for new materials for protective armour.
Cover design by David Shand
Article by Bruet  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/7_4.txt,clip,7_4.txt,test
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.png,C,"Ordered water molecules in respiratory complex I
A cryo-EM structure of Y. lipolitica mitochondrial complex I reveals ordered water molecules involved in proton relay and catalysis.
See Article by Grba and Hirst
Cover Image: Laszlo Podor / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_3.txt,vith,27_3.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,"A proteomics atlas of citrullination
Rebak et al. use proteomics to establish an expansive atlas of protein citrullination and implicate certain citrullinated sites as potentially clinically relevant in rheumatoid arthritis. Citrulline was initially discovered in watermelons.
See Rebak et al.
Image: THEPALMER / E+ / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_9.png,C,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Clockwise from lower left: Charge-Transfer-Induced Magic Cluster Formation of Azaborine Heterocycles on Noble Metal Surfaces (J. Phys. Chem C 2016, 120 (11), pp 6020–6030), Soft Landing of Complex Ions for Studies in Catalysis and Energy Storage (J. Phys. Chem C 2016, 120 (41), pp 23305–23322), Richard P. Van Duyne Festschrift (J. Phys. Chem C 2016, 120 (37), pp 20483–20485), An Unexpected Pathway: 6Li-Exchange NMR Spectroscopy Points to Vacancy-Driven Out-of-Plane Li-Ion Hopping in Crystalline Li2SnO3 (J. Phys. Chem C 2016, 120 (6), pp 3130–3138), Elucidating the Role of the Electric Field at the Ni/YSZ Electrode: A DFT Study (J. Phys. Chem C 2016, 120 (27), pp 14608–14620). Center: Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards Interlaboratory Study on Measuring the Thickness and Chemistry of Nanoparticle Coatings Using XPS and LEIS (J. Phys. Chem C 2016, 120 (42), pp 24070–24079).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2017_17.txt,vith,2017_17.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Mechanistic Study of the Effect of Epoxy Groups on Ethylene Carbonate Decomposition Reaction on Carbon Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (15), 8031–8044. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10702). Clockwise from top left: Type-I CdSe/ZnS Heteronanoplatelets Exhibit Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Interfacial Trap-Mediated Hole Transfer (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (43), 23945–23951. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07390); Tuning the Sheet Resistance, Ferromagnetism, and H2O2 Sensitivity of ITO Film by Introducing Tunable Pores (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (18), 10159–10164. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02583); Tunable and Well-Defined Bimodal Porous Model Electrodes for Revealing Multiscale Structural Effects in the Nonaqueous Li–O2 Electrode Process (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (2), 1403–1413. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10446); Determination of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield of a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (13), 7392–7400. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00310).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2022_51.txt,clip,2022_51.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 5919–5926. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00559). Clockwise from top left: Effects of Pore Arrangement of TiO2-Coated Porous Alumina Membranes on Photocatalytic Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (15), 6478–6486. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01029); Quantum Dot Fluorescent Imaging: Using Atomic Structure Correlation Studies to Improve Photophysical Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (9), 3632–3640. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07367); Ultrafast Energy Funneling in Two-Dimensional Mixed-Halide Perovskites Caused by Intrinsic Halide Immiscibility (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (1), 279–286. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07170). In Situ Tracked Hybridization Phenomenon of Gold Nanorods in Monolayer Systems (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 6065–6071. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08164); Tailoring the Reaction Pathway for Control of Size and Composition of Silver–Gold Alloy Nanoparticles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (21), 8660–8671. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00321).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Role of Molecular Simulations in the Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas-Phase Thermocatalysis: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (14), 6111–6118. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10778). Counter-clockwise from middle left: Molecularly Designed Cluster–Surface Interaction for Halogen-like and Alkali-like Metal-Encapsulating Silicon Cage Superatoms on n- and p-Type Organic Substrates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (26), 10889–10899. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02196), image by Takashi Tsujino; Ligand-Structure-Dependent Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt(II) Dimers (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (28), 11487–11497. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02256); Understanding the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Metal Nanoclusters: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (40), 16928–16942. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05301); Understanding the Phase Equilibrium and Kinetics of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transition in CoOxHy during Electrocatalytic Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (43), 18198–18207. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04813).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_4.txt,ave_1,2023_4.txt,test
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_9.png,B,"Ediacaran community complexity
Enigmatic Ediacaran organisms - Tribrachidium (top) and Ivovicia (bottom) - formed complex benthic communities ~15 million years before the Cambrian Explosion of animals.
See Darroch et al.
Image: Marc Laflamme. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"Herbivory in warming oceans
A green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) feeding in a seagrass meadow. As the oceans warm, some large herbivores are migrating poleward, with potential consequences for their primary source of food. When exposed to excessive grazing, seagrasses across the subtropics are less resilient than their more tropical counterparts, which places them at risk for degradation and eventual habitat collapse.
See Campbell et al
Image: Shane Gross. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"Biodiversity under stress
A school of fish on a remote coral reef in the Indian Ocean. Biodiversity was found to be the primary driver of ecosystem functioning of coral-reef fishes. The positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships were robust to two human-caused stressors: climate change and invasive species.
See Benkwitt et al
Image: Kristina Tietjen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_6.txt,vitg,4_6.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_1.png,D,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Hebbian Learning on Small Data Enables Experimental Discovery of High Tg Polyimides (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (31), 6829–6835. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02959). Clockwise from top left: Evaluation of Electron Density Shifts in Noncovalent Interactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (22), 4741–4749. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00830); An Aromatic Universe–A Physical Chemistry Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (18), 3826–3840. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00606), image components from NASA and iStock and compiled by Andrew Turner; Tribute to Alexander I. Boldyrev (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (42), 9261–9263. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08112), image by Marina Popova; Theoretical Engineering of Singlet Fission Kinetics in Perylene Bisimide Dimer with Chromophore Rotation (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (3), 875–884. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08706). Center: DFT Analysis of Organotin Catalytic Mechanisms in Dehydration Esterification Reactions for Terephthalic Acid and 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (23), 4943–4956. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00850).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_1.txt,ave_1,2022_1.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 4125–4136. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00306). Clockwise from top left: Glycine Peptide Chain Formation in the Gas Phase via Unimolecular Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (3), 775–780. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248); Significance of Nonadiabatic Effects on Efficient Triplet Generation in Lumazines (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (37), 7739–7746. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04121); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 3925–3939. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454); Autonomous Single-Molecule Manipulation Based on Reinforcement Learning (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (8), 2041–2050. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08696).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2024_47.txt,ave_2,2024_47.txt,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,Electron transfer through a single molecule: electron tunneling through a molecule on the edge of decoupling layers on metal surfaces is subject to coulomb blockage due to the interaction with the electrons in the molecule.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Current Biology,34_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_16.png,B,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"On the cover: A cushion of Saponaria sicula (Sicilian soapwort) and Cerastium tormentosum is growing in lava on Mount Etna in Sicily. Resilient, pioneer plants such as these
form the bedrock of ecosystem restoration approaches. The natural ecosystems on which
our survival and that of the biosphere depend are being destroyed by human activities
on a global scale—a crisis exacerbated by human-made climate change. Restoring functional
ecosystems is the objective of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and a worldwide
priority. Our special issue assembles reviews, essays, primers, and other formats
to showcase the scientific underpinnings of restoration and its implementation in
various biomes and with various objectives. Image by Florian Maderspacher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_16.txt,groundtruth,34_16.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Carella et al. (pages 2282–2294) explore the response
of an early divergent non-vascular plant, the liverwort, to infection with an oomycete
pathogen. Comparison to an evolutionarily young flowering plant reveals conserved
features indicative of an ancestral pathogen deterrence strategy centered on phenylpropanoid-mediated
biochemical defenses. The image shows sporophytes of the umbrella liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) hanging upside down beneath the archegoniophore. Image by David Hoey.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_11.txt,clip,29_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Harrison et al. (pages 461–471) examine the development
of body plan variants in moss and demonstrate that bushy shoots and secondary filaments
originate in close proximity to one another and from the same filamentous parent cell.
Depicted in this image is a bushy shoot, which initiates a single-cell-layered leaf.
One of the implications of the study is that local cues play an important role in
the development of the different moss body plans. Photo by Jill Harrison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_19.txt,ave_0,19_19.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_5.png,A,This work proposes a machine-learning-assisted solid-state nanopore for automated electrical sensing of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and its phosphorylated derivatives with high accuracy. The study introduces a novel strategy for rapid and precise micronutrient detection with a transverse quantum transport approach.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_34.txt,ave_1,2022_34.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_22.txt,clip,2022_22.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_5.png,D,"As an increasing proportion of the Earth’s land surface becomes used for agriculture,
it is ever more important to assess the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation
efforts directed at farmland. Focusing on European farmland species, the article by
David Kleijn and colleagues on pages 474–481 of this issue finds some general principles
for assessing farmland biodiversity conservation and reveals that worryingly little
is known about the effectiveness of European agri-environment schemes in reducing
biodiversity loss. The cover shows terracing, conservation tillage and a riparian
buffer, all aimed at improving soil and water quality and therefore enhancing biodiversity.
Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, via Wikimedia Commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/26_4.txt,ave_2,26_4.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,clip,30_2.txt,"On pages 20–28, Joern Fischer and colleagues discuss the opportunities that the UN
Decade on Ecosystem Restoration will give to restoration ecologists and argue that
ecosystem restoration will be most effective if it is approached from a social-ecological
perspective. The cover depicts a transdisciplinary project involving traditional orchard
restoration in an old horse paddock near Leuphana University in northern Germany,
where sequential cohorts of students are learning and measuring how biodiversity returns
in the orchard over time, in collaboration with a local traditional orchard club.
Photo credit: Johanna Hofmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/36_12.txt,vith,36_12.txt,"Agriculture is a primary cause of the biodiversity crisis. On pages 726–733,
Teja Tscharntke and colleagues argue that a mix of on- and off-field measures is needed
to conserve biodiversity, overcoming the false dichotomy of the land sharing-sparing
debate. The cover image shows wheat—oilseed rape intercropping (near Göttingen,
Germany) to reduce field sizes, increase landscape heterogeneity, and to enhance
biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological control. Photo credit: Uwe
Holst.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_5.txt,groundtruth,39_5.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_13.png,D,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the Cover: An adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV9) Cre vector was injected into the muscle
of an Ai14 mouse, a strain that expresses tdTomato upon Cre-mediated removal of a
floxed stop codon. Two weeks after AAV9 injection, the muscle was removed from the
Ai14 mouse and grafted to the tibialis anterior compartment of an immune-deficient
NSG mouse. The grafted muscle underwent complete necrosis before regeneration from
the donor muscle satellite cells (muscle stem cells). The image on the cover shows
a cross-section of the grafted muscle at 7 days post-transplantation. Newly regenerated
muscle cells are marked by Pax7 positive nuclei (green). The nascent myofibers that
showed cytoplasmic tdTomato expression (red and pink) came from satellite cells that
had been transduced by AAV9 prior to grafting. Gene delivery to muscle stem cells
provides an opportunity for life-long genome editing in muscle. See Nance et al.,
pp. 1568–1585.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,vith,27_14.txt,"On the cover:Clarke et al. showed multi-organ antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) distribution in a mouse embryo
section after a single in utero amniotic fluid injection. Notably high ASO density is seen in the brain of this embryo,
as well as in the liver, lung, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. This whole mouse
embryo, gestational day e18.5, sagittal section was stained by mi-RNA in-situ hybridization, showing detection of an ASO, with regional ASO density displayed as
a heat map (purple = low, red = high). Image credit: David Young, Maria T. Clarke,
and Danielle J. Tan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_13.txt,groundtruth,32_13.txt,test
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_2.png,C,of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vitg,2023_7.txt,"Soluble aggregates of chicken breast myofibrillar protein formed by gallic acid showed a retarded digestive behavior, which can foster the engineering advances of modulating protein structure−digestion for the tailored manufacture of muscle protein-based beverages.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_39.txt,clip,2022_39.txt,"This cover highlights the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in crops, emphasizing that, through genetic modification, these bacteria can provide crops with an increased source of nitrogen. It depicts a scene of a green wheat field adjacent to a patch of yellow soil. Within the wheat field, a plant is illustrated with red lines extending from its roots into the soil, symbolizing the process of nutrient absorption. The text ""NH4+"" on the image further underscores the focus on nitrogen, emphasizing the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in enhancing crop nutrition through genetic engineering. Additionally, it is worth noting that the partial elements of this cover were created using an Artificial Intelligence-based image generation tool named ""Doubao"".",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The lotus-seed-resistant starch-promoted lactic acid conversion to butyric acid mainly by the (Butyryl-CoA:acetate) CoA transferase pathway in intestinal microbiota, especially including Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Ralstonia, is presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_47.txt,vith,2022_47.txt,test
Biophysical Journal,124_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_5.png,C,"Cover picture: Artistic view by Verena Grieder (Photolab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel,
Basel, Switzerland) and Martin Stolz (nCATS (National Centre for Advanced Tribology
at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK)) of collagen meshworks
as can be found in diverse parts of the body. Collagen from tendon and various types
of cartilage were imaged at different magnifications by atomic force microscopy. The
image in the middle shows two cartilage cells (chondrocytes) that are expressing the
surrounding extracellular matrix. Closer view demonstrates the typical 67 nm D-periodicity
of cartilage collagen fibrils. Cartoon of the skeleton by permission, copyright of
Medical Multimedia Group, Missoula, MT. See the article by Loparic et al. on page
2731.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/98_2.txt,vith,98_2.txt,"Cover picture: The physical attributes of the extracellular environment can inform internal cell
processes and responses to external stimuli. The basement membrane of many tissues,
including vascular tissues, displays a complex topographic mixture of ridges and grooves,
bumps and pores, with dimensions that range from nanometer to micrometer. To better
understand how the combination of multiple topographic features influences vascular
endothelial cells, McKee et al. have generated highly porous polyelectrolyte multilayer
films that closely mimic the architectural features and stochastic nature of in vivo
vascular basement membrane. The front cover artwork combines an AFM topographic height
image of the surface we have created, with an artist's interpretation of cells interacting
with the surface (artwork by John H. Doval, University of California, Davis). See
the article by McKee et al. on page 1224.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/102_8.txt,vitg,102_8.txt,"Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing
Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending
cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population
of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein
transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_5.txt,groundtruth,124_5.txt,"Cover picture: Shown is the distribution of water droplets formed during simulation of skin lipid
lamellae (white density) with a section of the corresponding lipid structure overlaid
(bottom right corner).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/118_6.txt,clip,118_6.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_7.png,A,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a satellite in orbit over agricultural landscapes, symbolizing
the integration of satellite-enabled enviromics to enhance crop improvement. The satellite-enabled
enviromics leverage high-throughput remote sensing to achieve detailed genotype-by-environment
objectives, transforming predictive breeding and enabling targeted genotype selection
for maximum productivity under varying environmental conditions. Image by Rafael T.
Resende with the assistance of AI: Bing images and chatgpt4/DALL⋅E.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_7.txt,groundtruth,17_7.txt,"On The Cover A cell wall-localized NLR recognizes Soybean mosaic virus and induces cell death. Soybean mosaic virus infection leads to the accumulation of viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion protein
(CI) in the primary-infected leaf tissue. Cell wall-localized CC-NBS-LRR type NLR
protein Rsc4-3 recognizes CI in the apoplast, induces cell death in the infected and
adjacent cells, and inhibits viral infection in plants. The interaction between Rsc4-3
and Soybean mosaic virus demonstrates an emerging role of apoplast in NLR-triggered plant immune responses.
Image by: Jinlong Yin and Yapei Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_2.txt,vith,14_2.txt,"On The Cover The image shows early leaf development in Arabidopsis. Leaf primordia with different ages are arranged regularly around the shoot apical
meristem following the rule of phyllotaxis, in which the cells are outlined by cell
wall specific dye. Image by: Fei Du.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/11_4.txt,clip,11_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2022_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2022_9.png,D,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,clip,2020_7.txt,"Modern chemistry programs must include the skills and techniques that enable their graduates to perform experiments safely. In response to a call for papers, scientists and educators from around the world have contributed articles to the Journal of Chemical Education's Special Issue on Chemical Safety Education: Methods, Culture, and Green Chemistry. The articles in the issue are broadly distributed among topics covering resources, green chemistry, safety culture, and pedagogy. This issue is a resource for ideas and discussion to encourage ""a new way to look at safety"", with a focus on assessing hazards, minimizing risk, and valuing a strong chemical safety culture. (Cover image courtesy of Jane E. Wissinger.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_12.txt,ave_2,2021_12.txt,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,vith,2014_12.txt,"This work presents an immersive molecular simulation tool (Manta) based on VR technology, which enables students to explore the “real” molecular structures and chemical reactions on-the-fly. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2022_9.txt,groundtruth,2022_9.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_8.png,C,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,"Young human glial progenitors replace older counterparts
An illustration of transplanted human glial progenitor cells (red) killing resident human glia (pink) in the adult mouse brain. Vieira et al. show that transplanted young glial progenitors outcompete older or diseased glia, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and myelin diseases.
See Vieira et al.
Image: Nadia Alzoubi. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,clip,29_10.txt,train
Molecular Cell,85_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_4.png,D,"On the cover: The artwork, designed by Gianluca Matera and Imma Matera (Tipstudio)
and realized by Imma Matera, represents the main findings of the research article
from Matera et al. (pp. 629–644) in this issue of Molecular Cell. The central part of the graphic shows an actual porous sponge (OppX RNA in the article)
in the process of absorbing RNA molecules (sRNAs such as MicF). The sponging events
lead to optimized nutrient transport, artistically realized with pearl chains (oligopeptides)
passing through holes (porins). The choice of the background colors were purely based
on aesthetic reasons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/82_22.txt,clip,82_22.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wong et al. (pp. 3–16) use fluorescence microscopy to track the processing of DNA
lesions during DNA replication in a time- and space-resolved manner in budding yeast.
The image shows individual cells of one of the strains used in this study, where key
factors localized in and around the nucleus are visualized by means of fluorescent
protein tags: the single-stranded DNA-binding RPA complex, shown here in green, serves
as a reporter for sites of damaged DNA; the nuclear periphery is decorated in red,
and nuclear pores are in blue. The study shows how—in response to polymerase-blocking
lesions—local clusters of single-stranded DNA emerge in the wake of replication forks
and are resolved far away from sites of ongoing genome replication in dedicated subnuclear
compartments, so-called postreplicative repair territories (PORTs).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/77_6.txt,vitg,77_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Newton et al. (pp. 3533–3545) reveal how DNA topology regulates Cas9 off-target
activity. Using single-molecule microscopy, NGS, and live-cell editing, they show
that negative DNA supercoiling increases Cas9 off-target activity across the human
genome. In the same way that they were able to manipulate and unwind individual DNA
molecules, the artwork depicts two hands untwisting the DNA, exposing a Cas9 off-target
site. This beautiful illustration is brought to life by the Dotted Leafs art team
with Matt Newton's and David Rueda's assistance.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_6.txt,vith,83_6.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_4.txt,groundtruth,85_4.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_6.png,D,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_1,2016_6.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,The cover is a visualization of advancing nucleic acid quantification technology based one-pot CRISPR and RPA reaction systems. The dynamic reaction balance between the two systems can be tuned to unlock quantification capacities of nucleic acid targets from various microbes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/32_2.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Voit et al. report on the development of a unified gene therapy approach applicable to all patients
with the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Mutations
in one of more than 30 genes cause erythroid maturation arrest in DBA, but regulated
lentiviral expression of the transcription factor GATA1 exclusively in developing
erythroid progenitors overcomes the erythroid maturation arrest irrespective of causative
gene mutation and improves erythroid output in DBA. The cover image depicts a blood
factory, representative of the bone marrow, with hematopoietic stem cells undergoing
differentiation. Some developing cells commit to erythroid differentiation but are
blocked by a pile of rubble with diamonds and black fans, representing DBA. To overcome
this, factory workers labeled GATA1 are running to help carry the progenitors around
the obstacle, leading to increased production of mature red blood cells. Cover illustrated
by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,clip,28_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,ave_2,16_1.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_5.png,C,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,ave_1,2024_3.txt,"A targeted MRI contrast agent (MT218) that binds to an oncoprotein in the tumor extracellular matrix (extradomain-B fibronectin) enables noninvasive characterization of the aggressiveness, progression, and therapy resistance of prostate cancer with MRI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_3.png,D,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.  Congratulations to all!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_2.txt,vith,2023_2.txt,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,vitg,2023_5.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,Deciphering biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere is a challenging task. Single particle analysis of morphology and chemical composition of particles combined with advanced supervised machine learning techniques can improve detection of primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_1.png,D,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,vitg,25_9.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,vith,26_1.txt,"'Fates and translational potential of pluripotent stem cells' by Vicky Summersby, inspired by this Focus issue.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/17_10.txt,clip,17_10.txt,"‘Growing old’, inspired by this Focus issue on cell senescence. Cell senescence — a state of irreversible cell-growth arrest — has important physiological functions and is a key driver of ageing. The articles in this issue explore the molecular mechanisms that induce cell senescence, functional consequences for surrounding tissues, emerging therapies to counteract senescent-associated diseases, and recommendations for identifying senescent cells.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,train
Nature Water,2_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_7.png,A,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,groundtruth,2_7.txt,"How cellulose fibres grab lithium from seawater
Most of the global lithium is produced from brine using large evaporation ponds, which negatively impacts ecosystems and limits production. Chen and colleagues report an interfacial evaporation method for swift and selective extraction of lithium from saline water using twisted cellulose fibre crystallizers. The cover image depicts the mineral crystals formed on the fibres.
See Chen et al.
IMAGE: Bumper DeJesus, Princeton University. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_4.txt,ave_2,1_4.txt,"Cyanobacterial scum from a harmful algal bloom
Cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystin produced by these blooms threaten water resources around the globe. Regions with the highest risk for elevated microcystin concentrations are expected to shift to higher latitudes under global warming. The image on the cover shows cyanobacterial scum from a harmful algal bloom in Milford Lake, located in Kansas, USA.
See Merder et al.
Image: Ted D. Harris, Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,"Solid water
Water in solid form, including glaciers, snow, ice caps and permafrost, plays a crucial role in both the water and climate systems. The cover shows a stream flowing through the ice landscape on top of the Greenland ice sheet not far from the town of Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. Each summer, a huge number of surface streams form on the Greenland ice sheet, transporting meltwater that influences the ice sheet's movement and eventually reaches the ocean, where it contributes to global sea level rise.
Credit: Image courtesy of Åsa Rennermalm. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_6.txt,vith,2_6.txt,val
Nature Mental Health,2_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_10.png,B,"Restoring mental health safety nets
In our April issue, we feature several pieces that speak to the need for robust and comprehensive social safety nets. Mental health safety nets take this notion a step further to include specific provisions for access to mental and behavioral healthcare and medications in addition to assistance for people who are vulnerable or experiencing poverty. The cover image was designed to prompt the idea that restoring mental health safety nets is a means to allow individuals and communities to have basic needs met but that will allow them to flourish in unexpectedly vibrant ways.
See our Editorial for more on the importance and value of restoring mental health safety nets.
Image credit: layritten + Ann_and_Pen / Istock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"Loneliness and social isolation
The cover of the March issue focuses on the issue of the experience of loneliness and social isolation that can occur even when one is surrounded by others. Research investigating these constructs considers the nuances of the subjective and objective dimensions — where loneliness refers to the distress that arises from feeling one does not have enough fulfilling social contact, and social isolation refers to the limited number and quality of social contacts. Notably, both are associated with poor physical and mental health. Finding ways to disrupt the feeling of loneliness and experiencing social isolation is crucial for protecting vulnerable people, such as adolescents and older adults.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Benedyk et al. on the effects of physical activity on loneliness and social isolation.
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_10.txt,groundtruth,2_10.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,vith,2_5.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.png,D,"Strides forward, inspired by the Year in Review articles starting on p75.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_11.txt,vith,19_11.txt,"Innovations in dialysis, inspired by the Review on p481.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_5.txt,vitg,19_5.txt,"COVER: Multi-omics integration, inspired by the Review on p710.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_2.txt,clip,17_2.txt,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_45,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_45.png,A,"Lasso peptides are a promising scaffold for small therapeutics with thermal and proteolytic stability. Simulations reveal that de novo folding is possible and can be stabilized through sequence and chemical modifications, opening the door to the chemical synthesis of lasso structures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_45.txt,groundtruth,2024_45.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,p,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_40.txt,vitg,2012_40.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_3.png,A,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,groundtruth,2_3.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,vith,2_5.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,test
Nature Human Behaviour,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/9_1.png,B,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,"Pupil literacy in LMICs
Although school enrolment has expanded rapidly around the world since the 1950s, enrolment does not necessarily translate to meaningful increases in literacy. Crawford et al. report data from over half a million pupils from 48 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that show that pupils across the first three instructional years are failing to acquire the most basic skills that underpin reading comprehension. The authors suggest that systematic phonics programmes are needed to reach literacy goals.
See Crawford et al. See also News & Views by Kaffenberger
Image: Malte Mueller/fStop/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,"Heritability estimates derived from genome-wide association studies are substantially lower than so-called SNP- or chip-based heritability estimates, raising questions about ‘hidden heritability’. A mega-analysis of whole-genome data from seven populations demonstrates substantial ‘hidden heritability’ for educational attainment and reproductive behaviour, which most likely reflects heterogeneity in phenotypic measurements or gene–environment interactions rather than genetic heterogeneity
See Tropf et al.  1 , 757-765 (2017).
Image: DNA helix: from2015 / iStock / Getty Images Plus / Getty; Magnifying glass: Michael Burrell / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_3.png,A,"Targeting immune evasion in ovarian cancer
Jerby and colleagues present a spatial transcriptomics analysis of ovarian cancer. The image depicts the tumor microenvironment; T cells are in red, tumor cells are in gray, and each dot depicts a single RNA molecule.
See Yeh et al.
Image: Christine Yeh, Stanford University. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"Fetal intestinal memory CD4+ T cells
Koning and colleagues used mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-seq and high-throughput TCR sequencing to characterize the CD4+ T cell compartment in the human fetal intestine.
See Koning et al.
IMAGE: Na Li COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/20_10.txt,clip,20_10.txt,"Cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Nature Immunology has commissioned a series of Reviews to make sense of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, highlighting the value of spatial and other omic technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more.
See:
Image credit: Haiming Wei, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,vitg,24_1.txt,"Focus on Women in Immunology
March is Women’s History Month. This month’s issue celebrates the contributions of women in immunology by presenting specially commissioned content, including World Views, from women across the globe.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/women-in-immunology
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_10.txt,vith,21_10.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_51,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_51.png,B,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,Unveiling hydrotransport dynamics: Enhanced bitumen recovery through advanced computational fluid dynamics and population balance modeling. Investigating the influence of slurry velocities and bubble size on bitumen distribution in the pipeline transport of oil sand ores.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_51.txt,groundtruth,2024_51.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Q. Lin et al., “Targeting and Design of Work and Heat Exchange Networks” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00308); B. Lü et al., “Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis: ZIF-8@ZIF-67-Derived Cobalt Nanoparticle-Embedded Nanocage Catalysts” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00971); and S. Yin et al., “Polymer−Metal Hybrid Material with an Ultra-High Interface Strength Based on Mechanical Interlocking via Nanopores Produced by Electrochemistry” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01304).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_26.txt,vith,2020_26.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_6.png,D,"The cover implies that when the translation of the proteins en route to the ER (symbolized by the high speed train going through a tunnel) is stopped by a poly-A stalling sequence, this scenario will trigger ribosome UFMylation in the cell to lauch a translocation-associated protein quality control. See page 5-20 by Lihui Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_12.txt,vitg,30_12.txt,"Ca2+-induced (fallen leaves) and phosphatase-checked (shrimps) shuttling of CaMKII (lotuses) enlarges postsynaptic density assembly (larger cluster of fish) and induces structural long-term potentiation.
Cover art is contributed by Jia Xu.See page 37-51 by Qixu Cai et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_12.txt,clip,31_12.txt,"The cover image illustrates the Lugou Bridge, which is one of the most famous scenic spots and the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. The stone lions carved above the stone guardrail are in different shapes, just like the heterogeneous fate choices of hemogenic endothelial cells on the way to become hematopoietic stem cells. See page 448–463 by Jun Xia et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_7.txt,vith,33_7.txt,"The SCN is the central biological clock with thousands of twinking neurons as the time-keeping elements. At the system level, bilaterally symmetrical ripple-like patterns emerge from the functional organization of these neurons, aesthetically pleasing like that of a butterfly.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_6.txt,groundtruth,34_6.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_3.png,D,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,"Deconstructing rapid growth
A genome-wide CRISPR interference screen of the fast-growing Vibrio natriegens bacterium elucidates the make-up of minimal genomes and the metabolic pathways enabling rapid bacterial replication.
See Lee, H. H. et al.
Image: Bryan Schiavone. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,vith,3_10.txt,"RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes
The parasitic nematode Brugia malayi (blue) is the causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. In this issue, Quek et al. show that parasitic nematodes harbour a diverse virome that is associated with seropositivity in vertebrate hosts. In the case of B. malayi, the RNA virus BMRV1 (red) is distributed throughout the reproductive tissues, whereas the bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia (green), is abundant within the nematode’s chord cells.
See Quek et al.
Image: Shannon Quek. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_3.txt,groundtruth,9_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.png,D,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"Deep eutectic solvent/surfactant functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated graphene oxide (GO) can be a sensitive, ultrafast (within 3 min), and sustainable adsorbent for the complete removal of hazardous textile dye from industrial effluent.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,vith,2023_4.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_16.png,D,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,"Heterogeneous nanocrystal formation with metals controlled by electrostatic force, ion enrichment, and interfacial energy through metal",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,41_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/41_1.png,B,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_1.txt,groundtruth,41_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,"Transposable elements comprise a large part of the genome in most organisms. At first
thought to serve no beneficial purpose to the host and considered “junk” DNA, recent
work has shown these elements to be important players in shaping the genome, often
providing benefit to the host. This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics is composed of several articles highlighting the progress that has been made in recent
years in the study of these mobile genetic elements. The cover image shows a cartoon
depicting the rise of transposable elements from their original “junk” status. Image
courtesy of Alper Uzun, PhD, www.biocomicals.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/33_3.txt,ave_2,33_3.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.png,B,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,groundtruth,1_8.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_1.png,C,"The cover art highlights the carbon–carbon condensation of furans, nonedible hemicellulose biomass-derived platform molecules, using a shape-controlled Nb2O5 nanorod catalyst to produce biofuel precursors, which can be further processed by the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation route to obtain renewable diesel-grade hydrocarbons towards achieving carbon neutrality.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2024_10.txt,vith,2024_10.txt,"Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,"The cover feature shows a metal-free, phosphorous-doped (P-doped) graphene-based electrocatalyst for the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The 3D graphene sheet represents the P-doped graphene surface of the electrode that participates as an electrocatalyst in the OER converting water into dioxygen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_17.png,B,"Armed with a toolbox of host and guests, along with some Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonds, molecular frameworks can be assembled in a variety of ways. See Adachi and Ward, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00360. Molecules adapted and reproduced from: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (9), 3386−3392. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (9), 3018−3031. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10 (12), 4159−4168. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society. Image of toolbox: Macrovector/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_1.txt,vitg,2016_1.txt,"Buckminster Fuller's innovative concept, face-rotating polyhedra (FRP), involves individual faces rotating around central axes, creating distinctive facial patterns while preserving the polyhedral core. Drawing from this mathematical inspiration, our group has constructed numerous chiral molecular cages resembling the FRP structure, utilizing building blocks that showcase C/A and P/M rotational patterns.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"The cover shows a metal−organic framework (MOF), one member of a class of hybrid materials composed of organic struts (red X and blue rods) and inorganic nodes (yellow spheres). The blue crystal structure is made from a 2D sheet within the xy-plane defined by 1,4-dibromo-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene which is pillared by a dipyridyl strut (N,N′-di-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide). Cover design by Amy Meyer Phifer (see pp 1166-1175).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2010_5.txt,vith,2010_5.txt,"Cycloparaphenylene, a carbon nanoring consisting solely of benzene rings, can now be synthesized in a size-selective fashion by connecting linear and bent building blocks in a programmable manner. Cover design by Miho Toyoshima and Haruka Omachi. Layout by Amy Meyer Phifer",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_5.txt,clip,2012_5.txt,val
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.png,B,"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors as a double-edged sword, inspired by the Review on p254.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Improving anticancer activity of antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p203.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,"COVER: Spotlight on tumour-associated macrophages, inspired by the Review on p402.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_7.txt,ave_1,19_7.txt,"Dendritic cells as orchestrators of immune responses, inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_9.txt,vith,21_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.png,A,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,groundtruth,1_2.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,vith,1_8.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.png,A,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,vith,2023_9.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.png,A,"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults, inspired by the Review on p261.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Anabolic therapies for osteoporosis, inspired by the Review on p31
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,"Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p447.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_5.txt,clip,20_5.txt,"The latest understanding on exerkines, inspired by the Review on p273.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_8.txt,vitg,18_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_7.png,A,"Going deep with NIR-II light, inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,"COVER: Delivering FLASH radiotherapy to tumours, inspired by the Review on p791.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_1.txt,vith,19_1.txt,"COVER: Spotlight on tumour-associated macrophages, inspired by the Review on p402.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_7.txt,vitg,19_7.txt,"Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Review on p401.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_6.txt,clip,18_6.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_7.png,D,"High-throughput imaging of single-cell secretions
This issue highlights a caller of genomic variants that leverages machine learning to reduce read-mapping costs, a method for the in vivo screening of hydrogels for antifibrotic properties, collagen-replacement therapy via mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles delivered intradermally via microneedles, the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of nanoparticle formulations for the delivery of mRNA to the liver, an investigation of the effects of the spatial distribution and placement of antigens in nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines, a subcutaneous Zika vaccine consisting of a hydrogel electrostatically entrapping the live virus, and a microwell array for the image-based spatiotemporal profiling of single-cell secretions.
The cover illustrates a plasmonic microwell array for the spatiotemporal monitoring of secreted proteins from hundreds of single cells.
See Ansaryan et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_6.txt,vitg,7_6.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Rapid and slide-free histology
This issue highlights a slide-free histology approach, and advances in local drug delivery to the heart, in nanoparticles for imaging metastases in multiple organs, in imaging probes for prostate cancer, and a cryptography-inspired approach for decoding movement from neural activity.
The cover illustrates a histology image obtained by a slide-free microscopy technique that is rapid, inexpensive and can be applied to fresh tissue (Levenson and co-authors).
Image from Richard Levenson, University of California Davis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_1.txt,vith,1_1.txt,"Microscopic localization of fluorescence during glioma-resection surgery
The cover illustrates that paired stimulated Raman histology and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy improves the detection of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX during glioma-resection surgery.
See Nasir-Moin et al.
Image: Dieter Henrik Heiland. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.png,B,"Tectonic processes can lead to the formation of semi-enclosed seas and the deposition of extensive salt deposits. This Review explores the drivers and impacts of the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis, including previously unconsidered impacts on the global carbon cycle.
Image credit: Nick Brundle Photography/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_8.txt,vith,5_8.txt,"Degradation and loss of blue carbon ecosystems contributes to climate change, weakens coastal protection and threatens biodiversity. This Perspective outlines the actions required to achieve goals to restore and protect these ecosystems.
Image credit: Vincent Pommeyrol/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows have historically been lost or degraded, threatening their ability to store carbon and provide ecosystem services. This Review details the global potential of blue carbon ecosystem protection and restoration in climate change mitigation, through carbon sequestration and co-benefit production. See Macreadie et al. [link to ‘Macreadie et al’ 10.1038/s43017-021-00224-1]
Image: Marie Hickman/Getty Images. Cover design: Denis Mallet.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Anthropogenic climate change and environmental deterioration are driving global degradation of coral reefs. This Review examines how the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts can be harnessed and expanded to counter ongoing coral loss. See Voolstra et al.
Image: David Fleetham/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,val
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_6.png,B,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,Insights from toxicology. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_13.png,C,"Unveiling the innovative electrospray fusion of monomers and exfoliated Montmorillonite nanoclay fillers, we present the creation of an ultrathin, chlorine-resistant polyamide thin-film nanocomposite membrane. This meticulously controlled thickness and morphology serves as a conduit for an impressive enhancement of desalination performance. Its potential is vast, poised to transform water treatment applications, painting a promising picture for the future of sustainable water resources. Art by the team of Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_1.txt,vitg,2023_1.txt,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,"Here a dual-network hydrogel flexible sensor produced from polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin offers exceptional ductility, self-adhesion, anti-bacteria, and high sensitivity for strain detection. The potential of this flexible sensor to detect body movements with transmitting underwater Morse code signals indicates a significant advancement for various monitoring applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,train
iScience,28_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/28_2.png,C,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_3.txt,clip,28_3.txt,"On the cover: This issue features the first article (Manzano et al., 2020) from a
special collection on “The Biology of Spaceflight” soon to be published in iScience and across other Cell Press journals. The image depicts Earth's atmosphere below
the International Space Station, featuring the aurora borealis and the stars. Photograph
by Scott Kelly.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_2.txt,ave_2,23_2.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_2.txt,groundtruth,28_2.txt,"On the cover: The image represents that industrial production, mining, and the use
of metals and related compounds have led to escalated and intensified environmental
pollutions with heavy metals on our planet. High sensitivity to toxic heavy metal
ions mediated by ionotropic receptors helps Drosophilidae to avoid such a polluted environment. Image credit: Fanchen Kong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_7.txt,ave_3,26_7.txt,val
NATURE MEDICINE,30_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_5.png,C,"Expanding the liquid-biopsy toolbox in cancer
The cover illustration represents the artist’s impression of a tumor microenvironment releasing fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the bloodstream. Nassiri, Chakravarthy, Feng et al. report that DNA-methylation profiling of these cfDNA fragments allows non-invasive detection and classification of common primary intracranial tumors. Similarly, Nuzzo, Berchuck et al. report that methylation profiling of cfDNA from plasma and urine allows accurate classification of patients with renal-cell carcinoma.
See Nassiri et al. and Nuzzo et al.
Image credit: Ankur Chakravarthy. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/26_6.txt,clip,26_6.txt,"This month Nature Medicine features a collection of articles focusing on regenerative medicine (pp 814–880). Cover image: ""My Life as a Hill"" by Pamela Goode",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_5.txt,vitg,20_5.txt,"Epigenetics for predicting cancer
In this issue, Widschwendter and colleagues establish that screening of cervical cancer using a DNA methylation-based triage showed better performance than cytology in the detection of prevalent disease and prediction of incident disease. The cover highlights the link between cancer development over time and increasing DNA methylation, which is already present in the absence of visibly abnormal cells.
See Widschwendter et al.
Image: Martin Widschwendter, University of Innsbruck; created by Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, scientific graphic designer. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_5.txt,groundtruth,30_5.txt,"Epigenomics and precision health
Epigenomics regulates gene expression and is as important as genomics in precision personal health, as it is heavily influenced by environment and lifestyle. In this issue of Nature Medicine, Michael Snyder and colleagues report that changes in different types of ‘omics’ data associate with different physiological aspects of a human volunteer studied over a period of 36 months: DNA methylation with chronic conditions and transcriptome with acute events.
See Snyder and colleagues
Image credit: Lin Xia (concept), Zhenran Li (designer), Zhirui Zhao (painter). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/24_1.txt,vith,24_1.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_10.png,A,"Hydrogen goes underground
Hydrogen could be introduced into subsurface environments for seasonal energy storage, but technical feasibility is unclear as large-scale demonstrations are scarce. Hellerschmied, Schritter et al. perform field tests in a depleted underground hydrocarbon reservoir in Austria (similar to that shown here), demonstrating that hydrogen can be stored and microbially converted to methane.
See Hellerschmied et al. and News and Views by Strous
Image: RAG Austria AG / USS 2030. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_10.txt,groundtruth,9_10.txt,"Fuel for the future
Our energy systems are undergoing large-scale changes as we try to overcome many societal and environmental challenges. Doing this successfully requires the efforts of many different researchers across a range of technologies and systems, each of which faces their own issues and concerns for the future.
See Armstrong et al. 1, 15020 (2016).
IMAGE:  poliki/iStock/ThinkstockCOVER DESIGN: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Algorithms for all
Neighbourhood-scale batteries can help regulate supply and demand in renewable-heavy electricity systems, but their control algorithms tend to focus on techno-economic needs. A new interdisciplinary study shows how incorporating stakeholder perceptions into algorithm design can lead to diverse outcomes in the allocation of benefit and risk from the battery.
See Ransan-Cooper et al.
Image:fStop Images GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_5.txt,vitg,6_5.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_2.png,B,"On the cover: Our ability to understand mammalian physiology and disease has long
been limited by the availability of tools for high-throughput genetic dissection of
phenomena directly within the living organism. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Keys and Knouse establish genome-scale CRISPR screening in a single mouse liver.
This accessible and adaptable platform offers a powerful foundation for uncovering
the complete genetic regulation of diverse phenotypes within a living mammal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_8.png,B,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"The image illustrates a Chinese historical story, depicting Taigong Jiang fishing with his hook, reminiscent of the innovative proximity labeling tool, PhastID. PhastID identifies ATP6AP1, an unconventional GEF of Rheb. The C-tail at the end of ATP6AP1 can be used as a switch for Rheb to regulate the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Just as the two different states of the fish in the image, activating Rheb or not has distinct impacts on cellular functions. See page 355–369 by Ran Feng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_8.txt,groundtruth,34_8.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,vitg,29_9.txt,"The cover image illustrates the Lugou Bridge, which is one of the most famous scenic spots and the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. The stone lions carved above the stone guardrail are in different shapes, just like the heterogeneous fate choices of hemogenic endothelial cells on the way to become hematopoietic stem cells. See page 448–463 by Jun Xia et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_7.txt,vith,33_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_2.png,A,"‘A transforming view’, inspired by the Review on p726
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"‘SARS-CoV-2 and the brain’, inspired by the Review on p30.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.txt,ave_1,25_12.txt,"‘Astrocytes and neurodegeneration’, inspired by the Review on p23.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_12.txt,ave_2,24_12.txt,"‘A mouse’s-eye view’ inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_11.png,B,"Dwarf galaxies punching above their weight
Despite their diminutive size (the Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte galaxy, pictured on the cover, is one tenth the size of the Milky Way), dwarf galaxies have emerged as key laboratories for studying open questions in several areas of astrophysics. This issue launches a Collection of short articles on dwarf galaxies, to which we will add both short and long pieces over time.
See the Collection on dwarf galaxies
Image: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/CTIO/Local Group Survey Team. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_1.txt,clip,5_1.txt,"Gazing at galaxies from the edge of space
SuperBIT is a wide-field, diffraction-limited optical and near-UV imager of the sky that was designed to travel via the seasonal winds at an altitude of 33 km. Suspended from a scientific balloon rather than a crane, its April 2023 mission took in views of merging galaxy clusters, galaxies, and massive star winds from the stratosphere.
See Massey et al.
Image: Barth Netterfield (University of Toronto). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"Decoding a galaxy’s past with AI
Constraining the intrinsic and extrinsic stellar mass in a galaxy unlocks its merger history. Here, using the power of artificial intelligence, the authors do this for 10,000 galaxies, finding traits that can be used to characterize even larger samples.
See Angeloudi et al.
Image: Gabriel Pérez Díaz (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), image background: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_3.txt,vitg,8_3.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_13.png,B,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,"Falling from the heavens, C60 fullerene and its derivatives have continued to bring surprises to humans in a variety of fields. This Account discussed the multifaceted properties and applications of fullerene–metal complexes and clusters, ranging from fundamental structural chemistry to the forefront of single atom catalysis and to astrophysics and astrochemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"Sonoluminescence from a cloud of bubbles in sulfuric acid containing fluorescein sulfonic acid. The light emission is created during acoustic cavitation, i.e., formation, growth and collapse of bubbles in liquids irradiated with",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_4.txt,vitg,2018_4.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,train
iScience,27_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_11.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates fruit flies, bacteria, and a knot in hexagons
in traditional Japanese taste. These Kikko patterns (turtle shell) are typical signatures
of health and longevity in Japan. The study by Yamauchi et al. (2020) shows a hidden
host-microbe interaction involved in age-related pathology of the animals via purine
metabolites. Artwork by Yoriko A-. Tokita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_3.txt,vitg,23_3.txt,"On the cover: Ukiyo-e’s “ukiyo” means “impermanence of life” or “transience and difficulty
of existence” in Japanese. The image of a heart engulfed in the turbulent waves of
ukiyo-e symbolizes the purpose of this research, sounding an alarm about the emergence
of a “heart failure pandemic” rooted in the persistent infections of SARS-CoV-2 discussed
by Murata et al. We earnestly hope that the model established in this study will prove valuable for
future research on the persistent infection of SARS-CoV-2 and overcome the turbulent
waves. Image credit: Hayanon Science Manga Studio (2024).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_11.txt,groundtruth,27_11.txt,"On the cover: The waves and water balloons represent transfected neoblasts in vitro expressing exogenous NanoLuc mRNA. The dark sky is full of black holes, indicating
unknown mysteries in the planarian research field. The tree with fresh leaves in the
river stands for the tremendous efforts and strides in the field. The black holes
remaining to be filled indicate requirements for new tools to study the unknown mysteries
in planarians. Image credit: Kai Lei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_10.txt,clip,26_10.txt,"On the cover: Can artificial intelligence (AI), renowned for its powerful learning
abilities, learn the rich emotional meanings embedded in the lines of Shakespeare's
plays through mere exposure to language? This image representing Ming et al.'s exploration shows an exciting prospect: an AI stepping up the linguistic ladder,
from the void of the senses to the theater of human emotional understanding. The ladder
and void represent the fact that the AI can only access language experience, but this
is sufficient to form a representation of emotion knowledge. Relying on language-based
knowledge representations, the AI has taken its own path to developing emotional competence,
and perhaps one day, it will actually walk into a theater to enjoy Shakespeare's plays.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_1.txt,vith,27_1.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_7.png,B,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,"Nitrosamines are potent human carcinogens that require metabolic activation to a diazonium reactive intermediate, which subsequently reacts with DNA. However, not all nitrosamines are equally potent and/or carcinogenic, and quantum mechanical assessment of the pathways involved with activation can help elucidate and predict reactivity and nitrosamine potency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_6.png,D,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"A silver-metallized gold nanorods multicolorimetric sensor array, designed to detect and discriminate dopaminergic agents for assessing nervous system disorders, yielded significant results in simultaneous detection and discrimination of benserazide (Benz), levodopa (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,val
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_7.png,B,"The future of the land carbon sink depends on the temperature response of ecosystem respiration. This Review explores observational and experimental evidence for a unimodal temperature response of respiration and the implications for carbon sequestration predictions.
Image credit: Amith Nag Photography/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_5.txt,vitg,5_5.txt,"Increasing light emissions threaten human and ecological health. This Review outlines existing measurements and projections of light pollution trends and impacts, as well as developments in ground-based and remote sensing techniques that are needed to improve them.
Image credit: Dneutral Han/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"Detection, monitoring, and prediction are essential to managing landslide risk. This Technical Review examines the use of remote sensing technology in tracking landslides and mitigating disaster.
Image credit: Pulsar Imagens/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,"Though lessons learned from Earth are frequently applied to other planets, there is much to learn about our own planet from the Solar System and beyond. This Perspective highlights examples from geological and atmospheric sciences in which other planetary bodies have acted as analogues, experiments, and archives for the Earth sciences. See Lapôtre et al.
Image: Getty Images/Grant Faint. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_6.png,B,"All-2D electronics for AI
Monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integration of all-2D-materials-based electronics is demonstrated, producing device structures that can perform artificial intelligence (AI) tasks.
See Kang et al.
Image: Min-Kyu Song, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Jong-Hyun Ahn, Yonsei University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"Reprogrammable on-chip topological photonics
By harnessing the large-scale integration of rapidly reprogrammable silicon photonic nanocircuits and microresonators, diverse topological photonic multifunctionalities are implemented and dynamically transformed on-chip.
See Dai et al.
Image: Tianxiang Dai and Jianwei Wang, Peking University Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_6.txt,groundtruth,23_6.txt,"Magnetoelectric metamaterials for neurostimulation
Self-rectifying magnetoelectric metamaterials with nonlinear responses generate electrical pulse sequences that enable precisely timed remote neural stimulation and restoration of sensory motor responses in vivo.
See Chen et al.
Image: Maayan Harel. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_12.txt,vitg,23_12.txt,"2D material-wrapped Janus particles
Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles.
See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang.
Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt,vith,17_2.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_2.png,B,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,clip,55_7.txt,"Genomic analysis of brain volumes
A genome-wide association analysis of intracranial and subcortical brain volumes identifies 254 loci and yields polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.
See García-Marín et al.
Image: Mauricio Guzman Araiza, Altamira Studio. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_2.txt,groundtruth,56_2.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"This issue features epigenetic analysis of cell commitment at many levels in mammalian genomes: during early embryonic development, in stem cells, and in cancer cells. These studies provide fundamental insight into the functional consequences of genome variation. On the cover: Red-tailed black cockatoo feathers (tonysartandnature.com).
See Editorial.
Image: Tony Cunningham. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/50_12.txt,vith,50_12.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_23.png,A,"The imbibition of star-shaped polyisoprenes within nanoporous alumina are explored using in situ nano-dielectric spectroscopy. Polymer topology strongly affects the adsorption and imbibition kinetics. The adsorption of stars is substantially longer from linear chains. Depending on molar mass and pore size, adsorption times can exceed 12 days.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_1.png,C,"Efficient protein model refinement with deep learning
Protein refinement methods, which are used to improve the quality of protein structural models, commonly rely on extensive conformational sampling, and therefore, are very time-consuming. In this issue, Xiaoyang Jing and Jinbo Xu propose a method that uses graph neural networks to substantially reduce the time taken to refine protein models, from hours to minutes on a single CPU, while having comparable accuracy with the leading approaches in the field.
SeeXiaoyang Jing and Jinbo XuandPhilip Kim
Image: Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Anomalous diffusion via deep learning
The diffusion of particles in real-world settings and complex environments often exhibits nonlinear and unstable properties, also known as anomalous diffusion. While mathematical models have been proposed to describe the different features that give rise to anomalous diffusion, characterizing anomalous diffusions with unknown features remains challenging. In this issue, Yongbing Zhang, Xiangyang Ji and colleagues introduce a deep learning approach for anomalous diffusion recognition that is robust for observed trajectories that are in-distribution samples (meaning, covered by the training distribution), as well as out-of-distribution samples (meaning, not originally found in the training dataset). The cover image depicts a diffusion phenomenon within a black-box medium.
See Xiaochen Feng et al. and Adrian Pacheco-Pozo and Diego Krapf
Image: Courtesy of Yongbing Zhang, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_3.txt,vitg,4_3.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_1.png,B,"Tools and guidelines for multiplexed tissue imaging
IBEX (iterative bleaching extends multiplexity) imaging of cell–cell interactions in a human lymph node evokes a stained glass window in a cathedral.
See Hickey et al.
Image: Stefan Uderhardt (University Erlangen-Nürnberg) and Andrea Radtke (NIH). Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_10.txt,vith,19_10.txt,"Method of the Year 2024: spatial proteomics
Spatial proteomics is our pick for Method of the Year 2024. The cover illustrates cellular neighborhoods within tumors, revealing the diverse and complex microenvironments that shape tumor biology.
See Editorial
Image: Elham Karimi and Simon Milette, Walsh and Quail Labs, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,clip,11_3.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_95,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_95.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots in the Wild. Robots have been successfully deployed in a wide range of domains–including land, sea, air, and space–for a variety of applications such as search and rescue, oceanography, wildlife surveys, and space exploration. In this issue, Zhou et al. have developed a trajectory planner for swarms of micro drones that can be implemented using only an onboard computer. Their planner computes trajectories based on limited information from the drone's onboard sensors to enable collision-free flight in cluttered environments in the wild. This month's cover is a photo illustration of a swarm of micro-drones flying through a forest (see also the Focus by Soria).  Credit: Zhou et al./Zhejiang University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_66.txt,ave_2,7_66.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Opening Doors. Robot swarms are designed to achieve complex global behaviors through simple local interactions between robots with very rudimentary sensing and locomotive abilities. Boudet et al. demonstrate that a swarm of primitive, centimeter-scale, vibrating robots bound by a deformable metal scaffold can give rise to directional motion. The mechanically coupled motion of the simple robots and the scaffold enable nontrivial space exploration in specifically configured environments. This month's cover is a photograph of a swarm of simple robots in a flexible membrane passing through a door. [CREDIT: HAMID KELLAY, JEAN FRANÇOIS BOUDET, BENJAMIN GORIN/UNIVERSITY OFBORDEAUX]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_56.txt,vitg,6_56.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots for Scientific Discovery. Studying honey bees in their native environment is challenging because of their sensitivity to external disturbances. Ulrich et al. developed a robotic system for automated observation of the behavior of honey bees in a comb continuously for a month-long period. The system uses computer vision to intelligently track the queen bee, worker bees, and the brood in nesting cells of the comb. It detected key behavioral metrics at the individual and social level within the colony. This month’s cover is an image of the camera of the robotic system tracking the honey bees on the comb. Credit: Martin Stefanec",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_95.txt,groundtruth,9_95.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.png,A,"Biomaterials can be engineered to allow their minimally-invasive delivery by injection. Such injectable biomaterials face distinct design considerations, taking into account means of injection, geometry of the injection device, injection target, duration and force, and viscosity of the material. See Michael Nguyen et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.txt,groundtruth,2_3.txt,"This focus issue on the future of food highlights technological progress in engineered food, featuring genome-edited food, cultured (cell-based) meat, engineered microorganisms for food additive production, cellular agriculture for milk production, sustainable food packaging and robotics in food preparation, including a critical perspective of new food technologies in the context of costs, climate change, and the political and economic forces that shape agriculture and food production. See the future of food.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_2.txt,vitg,1_2.txt,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of bioengineering, with a particular focus on translation, inclusivity and accessibility. See Editorial
Cover design: Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,val
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_5.png,B,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,"Post-translational modifications, inspired by the Review on p495.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"The balancing act of regulatory T cells, inspired by the Review on p544.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_4.txt,vitg,19_4.txt,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,clip,17_12.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_17.png,C,"The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.txt,vitg,2024_3.txt,"Vincristine (VCR) is a highly neurotoxic chemotherapy drug. Our study showed that VCR can lead to axonal and neuronal degeneration in the spinal cord of old rats. The histopathological image of the scan that demonstrated the degenerative process in the spinal cord of old rats was used as the cover background. The neurodegeneration demonstrated in the histopathological image shows spherical vacuoles containing macrophages, indicating the phagocytic and neuroinflammatory processes induced by VCR in the spinal cord of aged rats. This unprecedented result may be a key indicator of how VCR may be more neurotoxic to old compared to young individuals, also demonstrating a mechanism that potentially triggers peripheral neuropathy in the elderly. The cover image was generated using Image Creator from Microsoft Designer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,The picture shows the serotonergic system highlighted by the GFP reporter on a horizontal brain section of the Tph2GFP knockin mouse line,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,vith,2024_18.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Takahashi et al. assemble differentiated hindgut and mesodermal cells to generate organoids that recapitulate
tubular macromorphology of the human intestine in vitro. The cover image depicts the assembled intestinal tubules, with hindgut and mesodermal
cells labeled in green and red, respectively. Image credit: Junichi Takahashi and
Tomohiro Mizutani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,test
ACS Macro Letters,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_3.png,D,"Multiple hierarchical morphologies were identified in a supramolecular double-comb triblock terpolymer complex by starting from a triple lamellae-forming copolymer, followed by simple adjustment of the surfactant concentration. Besides being fundamentally interesting, such supramolecular structures may be promising for nanopatterning applications and the design of hierarchically porous materials. Image courtesy of Anton H. Hofman and Katja Loos.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_3.txt,ave_2,2018_3.txt,Numerical simulations of block copolymer membrane formation via self-assembly and nonsolvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) reveal a striking dependence of membrane morphology on the solvent and nonsolvent block selectivities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_12.txt,vitg,2023_12.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,"Immiscible linear polymers (yellow vs blue) with diblock ring polymers at the interface under large shear deformation. A diblock ring threaded by two linear polymers from opposite sides is highlighted, demonstrating an adhesion mechanism analogous to the hook-and-loop process in Velcro tapes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
Nature Water,2_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_3.png,A,"Towards net zero in the wastewater sector
Wastewater treatment is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Accounting for all those emissions is complex because emissions originate from several parts of the process, but it is the first, essential step towards a more sustainable wastewater industry. The Review by Ren and co-authors examines these complexities and provides guidance for the direction to take to eventually achieve net zero emissions. The cover shows a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.
See Song et al.
Image: dragon for real / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_3.txt,groundtruth,2_3.txt,"All you can find in wastewater
Despite having been around for several decades, wastewater-based epidemiology only came to prominence only during the COVID-19 pandemic, during which it has been used across the globe to monitor the spread of the infection. The approach could potentially be extended to study the spread of other pathogens but also the lifestyle of entire populations, including drug use or dietary habits. The image on the cover shows the amount of viruses and chemicals that can be found in wastewater.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Kandella/Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,vitg,1_10.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,val
Nature Cancer,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_12.png,A,"Lymphatic endothelial-like cells promote glioblastoma
In glioblastoma, lymphatic endothelial-like cells coexist with blood endothelial cells in the brain parenchyma and promote cancer stem cell growth via altered metabolism, providing a therapeutic vulnerability for this deadly disease.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Xinyue Hu, August Fireflies Technology. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"The balancing act of tissue repair and cancer
Tissue regenerative programs triggered by radiation are orchestrated by infiltrating neutrophils and enhance metastatic growth.
See Nolan et al.See also related News & Views article byGranot & Heinberg
Image: Ilaria Malanchi, the Francis Crick Institute. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,"Targeting tumor vascularization
De Palma and Hanahan outline the latest advances in understanding tumor angiogenesis and discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting tumor vascularization.
See De Palma and Hanahan
Image: Mohammed Elamine ALIOUI / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_7.txt,vith,5_7.txt,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_3.png,A,"Solid-state superionic conductivity
All-solid-state batteries offer a safer alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, but the solid electrolytes necessary to transport lithium ions between electrodes display poor room-temperature conductivities. Now, Jue Liu, Yifei Mo, and Hailong Chen show how a family of electrolyte solids undergo a temperature-triggered transition from low to high conductivities due to collective anion motion. Using the uncovered structure–property relationships, they develop new electrolytes with lower transition temperatures to achieve superionic conductivities at room temperature. The cover shows an artistic representation of lithium-ion movement through the solid-state electrolyte.
See Chen et al.
Image: Phoenix Pleasant / ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_3.txt,groundtruth,16_3.txt,"The cover image shows an artistic impression of large single crystals comprising covalent organic networks. A team led by James Wuest made these materials through the reversible polymerization of organic monomers bearing four tetrahedrally oriented nitroso groups and characterized them using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Such a modular construction is typically used to build monocrystalline materials held together by non-covalentbonding interactions, but is now also shown to work for covalently bonded analogues.
Article p830; News & Views p810
IMAGE: SOPHIE DUBOIS ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE LAB (ORIGINAL PAINTING: ACRYLIC ON CANVAS, 2012).
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"The porous domains and host structures of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated for potential applications in gas storage and catalysis, but their guest-induced properties have been much less studied. Shown on the cover of this issue is the structure of a MOF assembled from sodium ions and sulfonated ligands by Shimizu and co-workers. With a specific amount of triazole molecules in its pores, the material becomes both proton conducting and gas tight, showing promise for hydrogen fuel-cell membranes.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p705; News & Views p689",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/1_1.txt,vith,1_1.txt,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely investigated for their potential to selectively separate and store environmentally harmful gases. The cover image of this issue shows the structure of a MOF — described by Martin Schröder and co-workers — whose promising capture capabilities rely on hydroxyl groups rather than the traditionally used amine ones. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the host framework and CO2 and SO2 gases were directly visualized by in situ static and dynamic characterization methods, and the results supported by modelling studies.Article p887IMAGE: SIHAI YANGCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_10.png,A,"On the cover: Du et al. propose a staging model for EBV-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on a
large multicenter cohort in China, demonstrating its superiority over the currently
used AJCC staging system. The cover image features traditional Chinese embroidery
art. The embroidered Great Wall symbolizes the resolve to conquer NPC, while the nine
beacon towers, arranged from afar to close by, represent the continuous evolution
and improvement of each edition of the staging system, from the first to the ninth
edition of AJCC Stage. The presence of pines and cranes symbolizes the safeguarding
of health. Bathed in sunlight, the emblematic representation encapsulates the journey
toward precision medicine and radiates a message of optimism for the future of NPC
treatment. Image credit: Jun Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: As Cancer Cell celebrates 10 years of publishing groundbreaking cancer
research, we reflect on the dramatic progress that has been made. The previous decade
has witnessed leaps forward in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic
alterations in cancer cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the importance of the host in
tumor progression and therapy response. Experimental approaches such as RNA interference,
animal models, DNA sequencing, “omics,” and rational drug design have advanced tremendously
and greatly facilitated discovery. Several exciting new cancer therapeutics were approved
in the last decade. Encouraged by the achievements of the past decade, we look ahead
with excitement to the next 10 years of progress. Cover image by Scott Armstrong and
Eric D. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: The presentation of the CD44 variant (CD44v) licenses cancer cell (car)
to receive a supply of Cysteine (Cys) through the xCT cystine transporter (salesclerk).
CD44v stabilizes xCT at cell surface and thereby increases the intracellular amounts
of Cys for the synthesis of major antioxidant glutathione. Such CD44v-mediated antioxidative
action protects cancer cells from high levels of ROS in the tumor microenvironment.
See Ishimoto et al., 387–400. Artwork by Emi Kosano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_23.png,C,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"Solvent effects on the conformational dynamics and response to light excitation of multinuclear mixed valence metal complexes can be unveiled by mixed quantum classical approaches, based on molecular dynamics simulations carried out with quantum mechanically derived force-fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.txt,ave_3,2024_22.txt,"The singlet-triplet (ST) inversion observed in several triangle-shaped organic molecules containing conjugated carbon and nitrogen atoms is an astonishing result. Here we demonstrate that the ST inversion does not require triangle-shaped molecules nor any specific molecular symmetry, but rather a small HOMO-LUMO gap and a small exchange integral between frontier orbitals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,The presently introduced HFLD method quantifies noncovalent interactions accurately irrespective of the spin state of the system while providing at the same time important physical insights into their nature. The cover art features a solvated carbene in its triplet state. The solute,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_9.txt,vith,2022_9.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.png,B,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,vitg,2024_12.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_11.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Hamard et al. report that PRMT5 regulates DNA repair
by controlling the alternative splicing of TIP60, a multifunctional epigenetic and
DNA repair factor. PRMT5 depletion or inhibition leads to a less efficient DNA repair
pathway choice, which may be exploited therapeutically by combining PRMT5 inhibitors
and PARP inhibitors to target acute myeloid leukemia cells. The image represents how
the isoforms of TIP60 shift the balance between high-fidelity repair by homologous
recombination when PRMT5 is active and low-fidelity NHEJ repair, with insertions and
deletions, in the absence of PRMT5, leading to cell sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
Artwork by Luciana Giono.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/24_4.txt,clip,24_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Jiang et al. show high plasticity of ribosomal DNA organization using a synthetic rDNA array in
budding yeast. The cover image depicts a yeast cell, with tandemly repeated rDNA sequences
forming a nucleolar organizing region (shown in blue). The magnified rDNA sequences
contain recognition sites for the Cre enzyme (in red) that upon recognition are cleaved,
leading to simplification of the rDNA region. Image credit to Shuangying Jiang and
Zelin Cai, with input from Cheng Zeng and Yun Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_11.txt,groundtruth,43_11.txt,"On the cover: Rapid protein destruction in human cells. Natsume et al. use CRISPR-based
tagging to add an auxin-inducible degron tag to essential proteins in human cells,
thus allowing rapid and targeted protein depletion. The shattering glass on the cover
conveys this precise and rapid degradation. Image from iStock by AlinaMD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/15_12.txt,ave_0,15_12.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_5.png,B,"In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the
emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban
review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell
cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological
processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements
and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of
a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt,vith,26_9.txt,"The study of the microbiota residing in various tumors (represented in the
cover schematic as planets) has fast become an integral part of oncological research.
However, the low microbial biomass of intratumoral microbiota poses significant
challenges for functional characterization. In this issue, Lu and colleagues propose
a methodological framework integrating multi-modal approaches for intratumoral
microbiota research. These include 16S rRNA gene sequencing (and decontamination
pipelines), single-cell sequencing and culturomics, among others. Image courtesy:
Dr. Liu",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"On pages 522–531, Stephanie Jones and Marie Elliot discuss the newly discovered explorer
cells in Streptomyces. Exploration in Streptomyces allows for rapid movement over a surface and occurs when there is a low level of
glucose. Cover image from iStock/hh5800.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/25_6.txt,clip,25_6.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_5.png,A,"On the cover: Th17 cells are essential for protecting the gut from infections and
maintaining mucosal immunity. Bonetti et al. demonstrate that glutathione (GSH)-mediated control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species (mROS) is critical for Th17 cell function. Accumulation of ROS in Th17 cells
disrupts mitochondrial transcription and energy production, which is linked to the
translation of IL-22. Unlike IL-17, GSH-regulated IL-22 prevents the spread of bacteria
to peripheral organs. On the cover, the complex interplay between GSH and ROS in Th17
cells within the intestine is depicted as a crossword puzzle. While IL-17 initially
appears to be the correct answer, it is crossed out and replaced by IL-22, which is
important for the maintenance of functional intestinal homeostasis. Picture by Lynn
Bonetti.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_5.txt,groundtruth,36_5.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,clip,31_6.txt,"On the cover: This Special Issue of Cell Metabolism is on the topic of cancer metabolism, featuring research articles and previews looking
at the complex metabolic interactions between tumors and their hosts. On pp. 672–684
of this issue, Flint and Janowitz et al. describe how, under conditions of calorie
deficiency—as happens, for example, in cancer-associated cachexia—tumor-derived IL-6
reprograms the host’s hepatic metabolism, causing metabolic stress and glucocorticoid
release, which reduces anti-tumor immunity and leads to failure of cancer immunotherapy.
The cover image by Pauline Connell captures the concept of the tumor as a hacker reprogramming
the host’s metabolism to escape immune defense.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,vitg,36_6.txt,test
Current Biology,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_9.png,A,"On the cover: With over 30,000 species worldwide, darkling beetles have diversified
into a variety of ecological niches. They are masters of shape shifting, ranging from
cylindrical, wood-boring forms to hemispherical, surface-grazing forms. In this issue,
Li et al. show that this extraordinary diversity is driven by ancient rapid radiations, frequent
ecological transitions, and rapid bursts of morphological evolution. The cover image
is designed to tell this story, with darkling beetles of various shapes arranged in
a ring to showcase a “big bang” evolution into a spectacular array of ecomorphs that
we see today. In the center is an arboreal pie-dish beetle, part of a large Gondwanan
clade that underwent adaptive radiation. The evolutionary history of darkling beetles
demonstrates a critical role of ecology as a driver of morphological evolution and
is essential to improving our understanding of the general processes that have shaped
the spectacular biological diversity on Earth. Image by Yun “Living” Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: A collection of early Drosophila melanogaster embryos (most around cell cycle 14) revealing expression patterns of developmental
genes or expression of reporter genes driven by specific enhancers. The complexity
and diversity of the patterns underscores the notion that changes in gene expression
can produce morphological changes in animal evolution. This concept is discussed in
the review by M. Levine (R754–R763), which is part of our special review issue on
the evolution of gene regulation. Images by Mike Perry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_8.txt,vith,20_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Schoppmeier et al. (pages 1811–1815) show that the transcription
factor Caudal in the early flour beetle embryo is translationally regulated by MEX-3
(which has a similar function in C. elegans) and by ZEN-2 (a protein related to the anterior morphogen Bicoid in Drosophila). The image shows a ventroanterior aspect of the head of a Tribolium first-instar larva (cuticle autofluorescence was detected with a Zeiss ApoTome microscope).
In contrast to fly maggots, beetle larvae develop all typical insect head appendages,
i.e., labrum (top), antennae, mandibles, maxillae, and labial palps (bottom), which
makes Tribolium an ideal system for the study of insect head development. Image by Christian Schmitt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_3.png,B,"Neuronal signaling and plasticity require tight control over protein levels
near synapses. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Stefano Giandomenico, Beatriz
Alvarez-Castelao, and Erin Schuman discuss our present knowledge of neuronal
proteostatic regulation and highlight outstanding questions in the field. The cover
features an artistic depiction of the Lake of the Ozarks’ jagged shoreline to symbolize
the complex morphology of a neuron. Similar to a lake-based ecosystem, where every
creek and inlet can form a ‘microenvironment’ with characteristics different from
the main
basin, dendrites, spines and synaptic boutons form ‘proteostatic microenvironments’
that enable neurons to respond to and integrate external inputs differently. These
differences in the local proteome are achieved through protein transport from somata,
but also by the coordinated action of the protein synthesis and degradation machinery
in remote dendritic and axonal locations. Cover design by Stefano L. Giandomenico.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_12.txt,vitg,45_12.txt,"Left-right asymmetry in brain function and neuronal circuits is a conserved
feature among bilaterians, playing crucial roles in perception, cognition, and behavior.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, François Lapraz, Cloé Fixary-Schuster, and
Stéphane Noselli explore recent findings in nematode, zebrafish, and Drosophila
models, highlighting the relationship between body and brain asymmetries and the
evolutionary conservation of laterality mechanisms and function. The cover image
showcases asymmetrical Drosophila H-neurons overlayed onto a reference brain
(fruitfly.tefor.net). It features a composite of single neuron clones, with one left
(magenta) and one right (cyan) H-neuron sending projections specifically into the
right
asymmetrical body, with no projection to the left one. Cover image acquired by Céline
Boutres and designed by François Lapraz, Cloé Fixary-Schuster, and Stéphane Noselli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_3.txt,groundtruth,47_3.txt,"Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the
neocortex. On pages 141–151, Matthew Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the
cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting
a powerful operating principle of the cortex. The cover image shows layer 5 neocortical
pyramidal cells from different regions of the cortex coding for orientation, color
and form (of a tiger) while receiving feedback input (context) to the dendrites. An
artist's impression of a dendritic spike is shown in one of the pyramidal cells. Cover
design: Thomas Splettstoesser. Credit for the cloud image: Chris Schwarz (Shutterstock.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_10.txt,clip,36_10.txt,"The retrosplenial cortex contains neurons such as head direction cells and border
cells. It supports diverse functions such as head direction, boundary and landmark
encoding, as well as position representation, all of which serve as a basis for navigation.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Martin Stacho and Denise Manahan-Vaughan discuss evidence from rodent and human
studies that supports a role for the retrosplenial cortex in spatial navigation, spatial
memory, and spatial cognition. The cover features an artistic representation of how,
in rodents, the retrosplenial cortex integrates egocentric, allocentric, and path
integration information to select salient sensory cues for spatial navigation. This
in turn can support place field representations by the hippocampus and the choice
of navigation strategy depending on ambient environmental conditions. Cover artwork
was created by Denise Manahan-Vaughan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_9.txt,vith,45_9.txt,test
iScience,27_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_7.png,C,"On the cover: The image depicts the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
(hiPSCs; circular structures) from fibroblasts (elongated multipolar shapes). The
“phoenix bird” has been used as a symbol of regeneration, reflecting the unique self-renewal
and differentiation ability of hiPSCs, which makes them attractive tools in the field
of regenerative medicine. The hexagonal patterning resembles the imidazopyridines'
backbone, which have been shown in the present study to increase reprogramming efficiency,
as well as maintenance and generation of human iPSCs when combined with four main
transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. Image by Maryam Dabiri. For more,
see Dabiri et al. (volume 12, 2019).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/13_1.txt,clip,13_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"On the cover: Music and social interactions are fundamental sources of pleasure in
our lives. But does sharing music enhance this pleasure? In three online experiments,
Curzel et al. simulated shared music experiences: individuals on an online platform believed they
were listening to music alone or with others, visually represented as pins on a map.
Consistently, the authors found that the social context significantly increased participants’
enjoyment of music, with greater pleasure reported as social sharing increased. Moreover,
this heightened pleasure fostered prosocial behavior and improved memory of the music
itself. Hence, the cover is a graphical illustration representing the heightened pleasure
experienced when listening to music with others connected worldwide simultaneously.
Image credit: Grazia Fino.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_7.txt,groundtruth,27_7.txt,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,vith,27_8.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_10.png,C,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,ave_1,2020_3.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_2,2020_4.txt,"Induction of acetylation mediated by a CBP/p300-specific KAT activator, TTK21, conjugated to carbon nanosphere (CSP), administrated orally, promotes regeneration and functional recovery of spinal cord (green) injury (red) (partially created with BioRender.com).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,clip,2025_4.txt,train
Med,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/6_2.png,D,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"On the cover: Chemotherapies are currently dosed based on a patient's height and weight,
using an equation from 1916 to estimate their body surface area. This method leads
to variability in pharmacokinetics, potentially causing increased toxicities and decreased
efficacy. Personalized dosing could improve the patient's experience by providing
a more accurate dose, reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy. In this
issue of Med, DeRidder et al. develop a closed-loop automated drug infusion regulator (CLAUDIA) system to address
this challenge by ensuring the drug reaches the target concentration regardless of
other factors. This illustration depicts a positive treatment experience, with patients
walking unbothered by their personalized chemotherapy dose represented by colorful
IV bags floating like balloons. Recovery is gentler, and daily life is less impacted
by chemotherapy. Cover credit: Virginia E. Fulford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_6.txt,clip,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_45,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_45.png,A,Superacid-catalyzed polymers with fully ladder backbones and well-defined micropores demonstrate outstanding performance for advanced membrane gas separations. The micropore architecture and gas separation are regulated through the steric hindrance imposed by the different side groups on chain packing density and rigidity.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_45.txt,groundtruth,2024_45.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_2.png,A,"Rheumatic disease, inspired by the Review on p781.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,clip,22_5.txt,"‘Rounding up tumour cells’, inspired by the Review on p483.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_5.txt,ave_1,20_5.txt,"Neutrophil NETs, inspired by the Review on p274.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_8.txt,vitg,23_8.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_10.png,D,"Copper lifts itself up
Electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells often consist of precious elements, e.g. platinum, which are expensive or not readily available. Now, Kunze-Liebhäuser et al. demonstrate the ability of Earth-abundant Cu to efficiently electro-oxidize CO, a central fuel cell intermediate, through continuous surface structure changes. Cu clusters reversibly form and show optimum binding to reaction intermediates, resembling the harpooning-type mechanism in gas–solid catalysis and drawing parallels between heterogeneous thermal catalysis and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
See Kunze-Liebhäuser et al.
Image: Andrea Auer, University of Innsbruck.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_3.txt,clip,3_3.txt,"Capture and conversion
The global race to reduce carbon emissions was given a legal framework five years ago with the enactment of the Paris Agreement. This Focus issue provides an overview of CO2-to-fuels catalysis as a means of contributing towards net-zero.
The cover image comes from a Perspective Article by Chengxiang Xiang, David Vermaas, Harry Atwater and colleagues. It outlines strategies for the synergistic coupling of CO2 capture and electrocatalytic conversion processes.
Image: Darius Siwek. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,"Crafting clusters
Exploring structure sensitivity for sub-nanometre metal catalysts poses remarkable challenges. Here, Yang-Gang Wang, Hongyang Liu, Wu Zhou, Ding Ma and colleagues tackle this challenge for supported palladium clusters as catalyst for the dehydrogenation of dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole, a representative liquid organic hydrogen carrier.
See Dong et al.
Image credit: Ding Ma. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_7.txt,vith,5_7.txt,"Durable manganese oxides
In their work, Ryuhei Nakamura, Jianping Xiao, Ailong Li and colleagues report a strategy to achieve high stability of MnO2 in acidic water oxidation under relevant proton exchange membrane electrolyser conditions by tuning the oxide structure and increasing the strength of Mn–O bonds, which suppresses Mn dissolution.
See Kong et al.
Image: Tomoyuki Wakashima, RIKEN. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_11.png,A,"Neural connectome mapping describes how different types of neurons connect with each other and organs in the body. This cartoon (illustrated by Evelyn Xiaoya Zhao) shows a densely-stacked neuron network linked by dendrites and axons, together with nonneuronal cells including glial cells, endothelium, pericytes and many others. A new tissue clearing pipeline, TESOS, is designed to image a complete projection course of individual sensory neurons from mouse digits to the spinal cord. See page 124–139 by Yating Yi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_11.txt,groundtruth,34_11.txt,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,ave_0,29_4.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,vitg,29_9.txt,"The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details.
Designed by Yipin Wu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_8.txt,clip,31_8.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_4.png,A,"With the advantage of the design flexibly in the substitution pattern of triptycene, at both the 1,8,13 and opposite tripodal 4,5,16 positions or the bridgehead 10 position, it is possible to create a wide variety of building blocks for the fabrication of highly organized, functional multi- and monolayer films on solid supports. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"From simple glycosyl iodide building blocks, complex glycan structures emerge in step economy synthetic processes. See Account by Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00357). Cover art design by Simon Park and Steven Oerding. Image of torus used under license from Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_12.txt,vitg,2016_12.txt,Emergence of distinct crystalline aromatic motifs from a plethora of crystalline architectures awaiting to be explored. Cover art by Shebin George. See article by Mahesh Hariharan and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00320).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_2.txt,clip,2019_2.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,vith,2012_7.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_6.png,C,"A 3Rs approach for the generation of genetically modified rodents
Generating genetically modified rodents for research projects requires a large number of animals and involves procedures that can cause distress and pain to the animals. In a new Review, Zevnik, Jerchow and Buch provide key recommendations for implementing the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) in all steps and procedures for the generation of genetically modified rodents.
See Zevnik et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_6.txt,clip,51_6.txt,"Touching on the 3Rs
Behavioral neuroscience requires subjects that can, well, behave. Animals will remain important in this discipline, but that doesn’t mean there aren’t ways to improve their welfare while they are being studied. Touchscreen technologies are one way researchers interested in the behavior of their animals can also implement the 3Rs – at least on a relative basis. A new Review this month touches on the Relative Replacement-, Refinement-, and Reduction-related benefits that touchscreens can offer those working with nonhuman primates and rodents.
SeeLopez-Cruz et al.
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_5.txt,ave_2,50_5.txt,"3Rs around the world
The past decades have seen an increase in the interest for the 3Rs – the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement in preclinical research. Several 3R centers and platforms have been established worldwide to promote the 3Rs by sharing scientific evidence, resources and training. However, many challenges remain.
See Harrison
Cover image: PCH-Vector/Getty, Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_6.txt,groundtruth,53_6.txt,"50 years of Lab Animal
We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years!
See Editorial
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_2.txt,vitg,50_2.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_5.png,D,"DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00546), Yu-Chun Chiu, Matthew A. Jenks, Michelle Richards-Babb, Betsy B. Ratcliff, John A. Juvik, and Kang-Mo Ku discuss an inexpensive and engaging laboratory-based activity to help students learn about the scientific method as well as the role of plant epicuticular waxes and surfactant function on waxy plant leaves. As part of the experiment (and shown on the cover), nontreated collard leaves (Brassica oleraceae L. Acephala group; left image) and brushed collard leaves (in which the epicuticular wax has been removed; center image) were sprayed with water to demonstrate hydrophobicity of epicuticular waxes. In addition, nontreated collard leaves were sprayed with Tween 20 containing water (right image) to demonstrate the function of a surfactant. This lab can also be used to further students? understanding of more advanced chemical concepts (such as intermolecular forces, hydrophobicity, surface tension, and the dual polarity of surfactants) and as a practical example of issues faced by the agricultural industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2017_11.txt,vitg,2017_11.txt,"In celebration of the ACS National Chemistry Week 2021 theme ""Fast or Slow?Chemistry Makes It Go!"", the cover features snapshots of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a reaction that oscillates in both time and space. The complex chemical system shown involves bromate, bromide, malonic acid, sulfuric acid, ferroin indicator, and oxygen from the air. The oscillations in this reaction start with the formation of small pale blue dots in a rusty red solution, with each dot expanding in ever-widening concentric rings. By swirling the solution, the reaction can be repeated. Each time the reaction occurs, the oscillation pattern is different. (Images from the Journal of Chemical Education?s Chemistry Comes Alive! video collection.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_3.txt,clip,2021_3.txt,"In ""Synthesizing Substituted 2-Amino-2-chromenes Catalyzed by Tertiaryamine-Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Fiber for Students To Investigate Multicomponent Reactions and Heterogeneous Catalysis"" (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_1.txt,ave_1,2016_1.txt,"In ""Chiroptical Smart Paints: Polymerization of Helical Structures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Films"" (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_5.txt,groundtruth,2021_5.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_8.png,A,"An efflux pump inhibitor, IITR08367, disrupts bacterial energetics that lead to reduced fosfomycin efflux and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,The cover depicts a microbiome wherein E. coli (blue) responds to quorum sensing signaling molecules produced by other bacteria. This issue features an article by Styles et al. who report new chemical modulators of an E. coli quorum sensing receptor and the characterization of the mode-of-action of a covalent inhibitor using top-down mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_1.txt,ave_2,2020_1.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,train
One Earth,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_9.png,C,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Climate change is reshaping insect abundances and ecosystems, sometimes
with severe consequences for humanity, but it remains difficult to predict how and
why insects move. In this month's thematic issue on insect movement, a new review
by Terblanche and colleagues identifies key traits that facilitate insect movement in response to warming climate.
Here, a cloud of locusts, a species possessing all the traits, is spread across a
once verdant field, a gloomy prediction for the future. The cover image was designed
by Casey Williams (https://caseylynnwilliams.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_3,5_7.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_9.png,C,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,vitg,2025_2.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"Chitosan-grafted pomegranate extract hydrogel, as a cost-effective and bio-based approach, effectively absorbs moisture and provides antibacterial and antioxidant properties, demonstrating a promising alternative as a food packaging material.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_11.png,C,"‘A sustainable lab’ inspired by the Comment on p347.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_6.txt,vith,21_6.txt,"‘Constructing spatial schemas’, inspired by the Review on p63.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_11.txt,vitg,24_11.txt,"‘Synaptic engineering’, inspired by the Perspective on p131.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_10.png,D,"Ordered water molecules in respiratory complex I
A cryo-EM structure of Y. lipolitica mitochondrial complex I reveals ordered water molecules involved in proton relay and catalysis.
See Article by Grba and Hirst
Cover Image: Laszlo Podor / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_3.txt,ave_0,27_3.txt,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,"Insights into mitochondrial DNA packaging
A study by Isaac et al. presents mtFiber-seq, a method that measures individual mitochondrial genome packaging at nucleotide resolution, providing insight into the architecture of mitochondrial DNA packaging.
See Isaac et al.
IMAGE CREDIT: © Leidy Churchman, Courtesy Matthew Marks Gallery. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_10.txt,groundtruth,31_10.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_10.png,D,"Apoptotic cell death promotes metastasis of surviving neighbors
Dying tumor cells promote pro-metastatic signaling in surviving neighbor cells by releasing extracellular DNA–protein complexes enriched in RAGE ligands.
See Park et al.
Image: Li Yang, National Cancer Institute. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"Piecing together the puzzle of breast cancer
Multi-omics analyses of breast tumor samples from Chinese patients add more pieces to the puzzle of breast cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Qin-Xin Wang. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_9.txt,clip,5_9.txt,"The balancing act of tissue repair and cancer
Tissue regenerative programs triggered by radiation are orchestrated by infiltrating neutrophils and enhance metastatic growth.
See Nolan et al.See also related News & Views article byGranot & Heinberg
Image: Ilaria Malanchi, the Francis Crick Institute. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,"γδ T cells as a target of checkpoint inhibition
Intratumoral PD-1+Vγ1+ cells display an exhaustion program similar to that of αβ T cells, can be derepressed by checkpoint inhibitors and are predictive of the response to anti-PD-1 in patients with melanoma, specifically those with low levels of neoantigens.
See Davies et al.
Image credit: Joe Brock, Research Illustration Manager, The Francis Crick Institute Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,test
Molecular Plant,18_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/18_2.png,A,"On the cover: Crop research and breeding are crucial for ensuring global food security. To provide
adequate food for a growing global population, multiple challenges must be tackled
by innovative fundamental research and new technologies/strategies for breeding climate-resilient
and high-quality crops with optimal yields. In this issue, a series of authoritative
Perspectives on “Crop2035” are published to provide holistic and strategic visions
and solutions on next decadal research and breeding of some staple crops. The cover
image illustrates the landscape of the globe and major cultivated crops that will
be studied and engineered with advanced technologies in the coming years.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_2.txt,groundtruth,18_2.txt,"On The Cover A soaring phoenix from the paddy fields, showing the genetically engineered rice
germplasms, from Golden Rice, Canthaxanthin Rice, to Astaxanthin Rice (also called
“Chijingmi” in Chinese). Image by: Yaoguang Liu and Yuanling Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/11_1.txt,clip,11_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_14.txt,ave_1,16_14.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,vitg,16_13.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_2.png,B,"Doubling down on flower evolution
Flowers are the defining invention of the angiosperm lineage. Their diversity arises from the control of development of the shoot apical meristem, whose systems appear to have arisen from an ancient gene duplication.
See Hirakawa, Y.
Image: Y. Hirakawa. Cover Design: E. Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_7.txt,ave_2,8_7.txt,"Genomic history of the modern rose
For more than five thousand years, roses have delighted us as ornamental and medicinal plants and as a source of natural scent. The genome assembly of a modern tetraploid rose and a genome variation map of more than two hundred accessions helps to untangle their genetic origin and domestication.
See Zhang, Z. et al.
Image: Ruihong Zeng, China Agricultural University. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,"Cold calling
Many plants time their flowering by measuring the presence and duration of winter. The mechanism of this vernalisation is quite well established, but comparisons with diverse plants inform how this is tailored to specific lifestyles.
See Xu, S. & Chong, K.
Image: Rolf Nussbaumer Photography/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_1.txt,ave_3,4_1.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_4.png,B,"Current microencapsulation methodologies show great promise to facilitate targeted delivery of active ingredients. However, encapsulation and retention of small, volatile actives is still a challenge because of their associated rapid diffusion through current polymer shells. The work highlighted on the cover demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of microcapsules with a continuous impermeable metal shell that prevents the release of encapsulated small aromatic oils. The cover graphic, created by Kirsty Stark, is an optical micrograph showing microcapsules (synthesized to be purposefully large, ~100 μm) with a continuous gold film observed under reflected light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_24.txt,vitg,2015_24.txt,"One novel nanoplatform integrating fluorescence/photothermal/magnetic resonance multimodal imaging with chemodynamic/photothermal/gas synergistic therapy has been successfully prepared, which exhibits an excellent colon cancer targeting and inhibiting effect.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,clip,2015_41.txt,"The cover highlights a supramolecular modular self-assembly approach for constructing and multifunctionalizing stimuli-responsive “smart” nanoDDSs. The red antitumor-drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as the parental nanocore are wrapped by poly(β-cyclodextrin) (PCD) as a gatekeeper to confer pH/redox dual responsiveness and as an  approach to realize multifunctionalization. Meanwhile, various types of adamantyl (Ad-) terminated daughter modules are rushing up from the lower right corner toward the free cyclodextrin units of PCD on the nanoparticles via host–guest interactions. The flying modules are like treasures, endowing the nanoDDS with cell-targeting capability, gene co-delivery property, imaging function, and so forth.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_20.txt,vith,2018_20.txt,val
Nature Reviews Materials,9_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_5.png,D,"Plastics shape the modern world, but between their reliance on fossil fuels and their massive accumulation as waste, plastics are also at the heart of a dual environmental crisis. In this month’s Focus Issue, our collection of articles explores plastics from many perspectives, including biopolymers for a circular economy, the design of polymers with end-of-life management in mind and the issue of microplastics. See Plastics give and plastics take.
Image: Vânia Zuin and Klaus Kümmerer, University Lüneburg, and Rafael Meireles Barroso, Cia. Peculiar. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_11.txt,vith,7_11.txt,"This month, we celebrate the fifth anniversary of Nature Reviews Materials. In our editorial, we look back over this time and contemplate the future. See Editorial.
Cover: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_1.txt,clip,5_1.txt,"Nanotheranostics — nanoparticle-based systems combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions — hold great promise, but their implementation in the clinic requires overcoming technical, manufacturing, regulatory and economical challenges for their safe and effective clinical translation. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of the Valley of Death that needs to be crossed to reach real-life therapies: the snake made out of different nanomedicines wraps around the rod of Asclepius, symbolizing healing, medicine and pharmacy to help scientists, doctors and patients to climb up the slope. See Peter J. Gawne et al.
Cover image: Jan Grimm. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_1.txt,vitg,8_1.txt,"CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize by converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range, which involves challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks. The cover shows an artistic representation of the implementation of CO2 electrolysis to scale and its materials needs. See Belsa B. et al.
Cover image: Francisco Pelayo García de Arquer. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_5.txt,groundtruth,9_5.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_4.png,D,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812), (Top center) Accurate Prediction of Bond Dissociation Energies and Barrier Heights for High-Energy Caged Nitro and Nitroamino Compounds Using a Coupled Cluster Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (23), 4883–4890. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01506), (Top right) Ionic Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Gas Phase Association of Acetonitrile and Acetone with Halogenated Benzene Cations (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (7), 1363–1371. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09094), (Bottom left) Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Growth and Structural Stability of ZIF-8 Layers Probed by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (5), 1100–1109. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09610, (Bottom center) Stereodynamic Imaging of Bromine Atomic Photofragments Eliminated from 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane Oriented via Hexapole State Selector (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (31), 6635–6644. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04048) , (Bottom right) New Developments in Semiclassical Transition-State Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (22), 4639–4657. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01987).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2020_42.txt,ave_1,2020_42.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 4125–4136. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00306). Clockwise from top left: Glycine Peptide Chain Formation in the Gas Phase via Unimolecular Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (3), 775–780. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248); Significance of Nonadiabatic Effects on Efficient Triplet Generation in Lumazines (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (37), 7739–7746. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04121); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 3925–3939. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454); Autonomous Single-Molecule Manipulation Based on Reinforcement Learning (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (8), 2041–2050. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08696).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2024_47.txt,ave_2,2024_47.txt,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,Kinetics of the thermal isomerization of cyclopropane to propene: evaluation of the biradical and carbene reaction channels across wide temperature and pressure ranges.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_11.png,D,"Life experiences affect behavior, in part by altering DNA via epigenetic modifications. We present a special focus on the growing field of neural epigenetics with articles highlighting the latest advances in our understanding of these epigenetic mechanisms, their regulation and their role in the nervous system. The cover image is a painting by J. David Sweatt which portrays an abstract representation of the dynamic regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and the resulting downstream effects.12991319",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/13_2.txt,ave_3,13_2.txt,"This focus issue on neuroimmune communication highlights recent advances on how the immune and nervous system are connected, communicate and reciprocally influence physiology in the context of development, health and disease. Artwork by Lewis Long. (p 127)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_11.txt,clip,20_11.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Mothers’ neuroplasticity at peripartum and childbirth.
During gestation, childbirth, and the postpartum period, dynamic cortical plasticity occurs in mothers’ brains. Paternina-Die, Martínez-García et al. show decreased cortical thickness during pregnancy, which attenuates after birth. In the cover image, the mantle enveloping the mother with child symbolizes the cortical mantle, and the shape of the woman’s brain resembles a baby, serving as a metaphor for the maternal brain. The pixelation overlaying the baby and the background recreates the MRI voxels. The central figure in the image portrays Dr Paternina-Die, who herself became a first-time mother during the completion of this study.
See Paternina-Die, Martínez-García, et al.
Image and cover design: Susana Carmona. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_11.txt,groundtruth,27_11.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_387,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_387.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that metabolic changes occur early in hypertension-induced kidney disease, as revealed by metabolomics, phosphoproteomics, and proteomics analyses, suggesting that metabolic interventions could be potentially useful in treating this disease. The image shows a kidney section from a hypertensive rat. [Image: Rinschen et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_611.txt,vith,12_611.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that reveals a mechanism that compensates for the inhibition of steady-state erythropoiesis by proinflammatory cytokines. The image is a colored scanning electron micrograph of human erythrocytes (red blood cells). [Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_598.txt,vitg,12_598.txt,"COVER This week features a Book Review of Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants: The Role of Transcript Structure and Processing, edited by Carole L. Bassett. The image depicts maize with stripes resulting from the movement of transposons. [Image: Alan Rose, University of California, Davis]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_387.txt,groundtruth,2007_387.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a XXXXX that describes XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. The image shows XXXXXXXXX. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_155.txt,clip,4_155.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_11.png,B,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,"Unlocking the potential of broccoli in thrombolysis treatment: Our research shows that sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate in broccoli, significantly enhances the efficacy of clot-busting therapies in treating carotid artery occlusions. This finding paves a new way for incorporating nutritional elements into thrombolysis treatments, potentially revolutionizing stroke care and management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_2.png,D,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: The structure of the human cell cycle. In this issue of Cell Systems, Stallaert et al. (p. 230–240) combine single-cell, highly multiplexed imaging and
manifold learning to reconstruct a map of the human cell cycle. Here, individual cells
are colored by cell-cycle phase (magenta, G0; blue, G1; orange, S; green, G2; red,
M).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_10.txt,vith,13_10.txt,"On the cover: Cells occupy a diverse range of single cell states. In this issue of
Cell Systems, a team from the Allen Institute for Cell Science (Gerbin et al., 670–687) classified
thousands of single cells to quantify the relationship between cell organization and
gene expression. Here, the diversity of cell organization and gene expression is shown
in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, where the sarcomere is labeled with alpha-actinin-2-mEGFP
(white). Cells are colored by the combined organizational score. Image credit: Thao
Do and the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/12_7.txt,ave_1,12_7.txt,"On the cover: Four predicted ligand-receptor interactions using AlphaFold2, demonstrating
accuracy and structural resolution in identifying binding interfaces. In this issue
of Cell Systems, Danneskiold-Samsøe et al. introduce an approach leveraging AlphaFold2 for predicting ligand-receptor pairs.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_2.txt,groundtruth,15_2.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_8.png,D,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_38.txt,ave_2,2020_38.txt,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_50.txt,clip,2020_50.txt,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_43.txt,ave_1,2020_43.txt,Illustration of the importance of substitution at the C(9) position of doubly locked GFP chromophore derivatives to modulate two-photon absorption efficiency. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,train
Science Advances,11_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_3.png,C,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Geological formations known as karst pinnacles in Nambung National Park, Australia. Thousands of pinnacles up to 5 meters high dot the landscape and are formed by karstification, where acidic water weathers limestone leaving behind resistant rock columns exposed by erosion. Lipar et al. used (U-Th)/He dating on the iron-rich ferricrete nodules to determine when heavy weathering and erosion shaped the rocks. Their ages corresponded to the wettest interglacial period in the region over the last 500,000 years. This dating method provides direct evidence for the time of karstification, highlighting the method’s potential to reconstruct past climate conditions across the globe. Credit: Matej Lipar",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_40.txt,ave_1,10_40.txt,"ONLINE COVER Two researchers exploring Herbstlabyrinth Cave, Germany. Located 70 km from the Laacher See volcano, Herbstlabyrinth Cave sits within the main fallout area of the Laacher See Eruption (LSE) event that occurred around 13,000 years ago. Using mineral deposits from the cave, Warken et al. developed a precise chronology of volcanic sulfur spikes and were able to link the LSE to a previously unidentified sulphate spike in the Greenland ice core record. This synchronized calendar shows the LSE was not a cause of the Younger Dryas (YD) climate cooling event that occurred 150 years later. Credit: Georg Taffet and SAH (Speläologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Hessen e.V.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_3.txt,groundtruth,11_3.txt,"ONLINE COVER NASA’s SeaWiFS satellite captures a Saharan dust storm blowing 1000 miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Tropical cyclone rainfall significantly impacts coastal communities, primarily through inland flooding. Leveraging 19 years of hourly satellite observations of precipitation and other meteorological variables, Zhu et al. developed a machine-learning model to predict tropical cyclone rainfall of individual storms. They found that dust optical depth is a key predictor of rainfall and also improves model performance. The influence of dust optical depth on rainfall is complex and nonlinear and improving modeling tools will extend our understanding of this process. Credit: Norman Kuring, SeaWiFS, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_30.txt,clip,10_30.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_6.png,C,"Periodontal immunology, inspired by the Review on p426.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,ave_1,22_5.txt,"Sex differences in Immunity, inspired by the Review on p487.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_6.txt,groundtruth,24_6.txt,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.txt,clip,25_2.txt,val
Macromolecules,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_10.png,C,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Upon specific stimuli, breaking and reforming of the chemical bonds in associative covalent adaptable networks (CANs) allow the rearrangement of network topology, offering the potential to address the challenge of recycling thermosets. A kinetic Monte Carlo model involving both cross-linking and exchange reactions is constructed to provide an in-depth understanding of the reaction kinetics for the synthesis of CANs. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_1.png,A,"Highlighting the broad range of high-quality work led by early career scientists (≤ 10 years from PhD) in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery publishing in the journal, Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled “Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Delivery Research from Early Career Scientists”. Within this VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlight the breadth of research by young researchers.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editors provides context and commentary to accompany the VSI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,vith,2023_9.txt,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,vitg,2023_5.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_3.png,D,"Urea solidified
In their work, Xiaolin Zheng and colleagues couple hydrogen peroxide-selective oxygen electroreduction with precipitation of urea from urine resulting in wastewater purification and co-production of the solid nitrogen source percarbamide.
See Shi et al.
Image: Xinjian Shi, Henan University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/8_1.txt,vith,8_1.txt,"Artificial biocatalytic systems
Biocatalysis is an enabling technology for a more sustainable future. This Insight provides an overview of engineering enzymes and microbes, as well as methods for interfacing them with abiological materials to improve their performance and range of applications.
The cover comes from an Article by Julia Sanz-Aparicio, Víctor Guallar, Manuel Ferrer and co-workers on engineering enzyme scaffolds with two active sites to synergistically combine biological and new-to-nature chemical transformations.
See Alonso et al.
Image: Julia Sanz-Aparicio (CSIC). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,"Redesigned biocatalyst
Simultaneously expanding the scope of electrophiles and nucleophiles for hydroamination reactions catalysed by ammonia lyases is a formidable challenge that requires a thorough reconstruction of the protein’s active site. Here, Cui et al. use a mechanism-based computational strategy to redesign the enzyme, generating a versatile hydroamination biocatalyst for C–N bond formation and demonstrating its synthetic value in the preparation of a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic and charged non-natural amino acids.
See Cui et al.
Image: Bian Wu. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"Engineering nitrogen fixation
The generation of metallocentre-containing nitrogenase for N2 fixation in a non-diazotrophic host has proven to be an intricate task. Now, Markus W. Ribbe, Yilin Hu and colleagues successfully expressed and isolated active Mo-nitrogenase with complete metallocentres in Escherichia coli by integrating genes from Azotobacter vinelandii and Methanosarcina acetivorans. The engineered E. coli strain can fix nitrogen during growth and produces ammonia.
See Solomon et al.
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_1.png,D,"Batteries at the crossroads
Post lithium-ion battery strategies have long been proposed to achieve higher energy output and longer lifespans than lithium-ion batteries. Despite tremendous research efforts and improvements, questions remain as to whether they will realise their full market potential. In this issue, we highlight important advances in key aspects of fundamental processes in four representative post lithium-ion batteries, which lay foundations for their future development.
See Nature Energy 1, 16147 (2016).
Image: Monty Rakusen/Cultura/Getty.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_4.txt,vith,1_4.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Fuel for the future
Our energy systems are undergoing large-scale changes as we try to overcome many societal and environmental challenges. Doing this successfully requires the efforts of many different researchers across a range of technologies and systems, each of which faces their own issues and concerns for the future.
See Armstrong et al. 1, 15020 (2016).
IMAGE:  poliki/iStock/ThinkstockCOVER DESIGN: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_12.txt,ave_1,1_12.txt,"Harnessing the strengths of both worlds
High-energy positive electrodes in batteries often face challenges related to low stability and energy efficiency. Huang et al. demonstrate that combining polyanion and rocksalt structures — integrating the characteristics of two primary families of positive electrodes — enhances capacity retention during cycling at high energy densities.
See Huang et al.
Image: Zhongke Yunyan (Shandong) Information Technology Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_9.png,C,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_1,23_12.txt,"On the cover: The cover image shows the attack of small-molecule inhibitor spaceships
on the GPX4 space station in an attempt to trigger ferroptosis, a type of regulated
cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, indicated by the orange flames. See the paper
by Liu et al., 1680–1693; image courtesy of Nicoletta Barolini, Columbia University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_1.txt,clip,29_1.txt,"On the cover: Two pathways (umbrellas) are responsible for NAD+ production in mammalian
cells: the NAPRT-mediated biosynthesis pathway and the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway.
Zhu et al. develop and assess a second generation PROTAC (rain drops) that degrades and functionally
inactivates NAMPT, leading to the death of NAMPT-positive tumor cells exclusively
relying on the salvage pathway (right fire). In contrast, cells expressing NAPRT are
capable of using nicotinic acid to synthesize NAD+ and are resistant to the effects
of the NAMPT-targeting PROTAC (left fire).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_9.txt,groundtruth,31_9.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_12.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Beumer and Clevers put forth a set of six complementary hallmarks that are key enabling features of
stemness in adult mammalian tissues. The review headlines a broader series of articles
appearing throughout the year that applies the hallmarks framework to define distinct aspects of stem cell biology as shown on the cover,
spanning from stem cell aging, metabolism, and potency to cancer stem cells and tissue
regeneration. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,vith,28_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,clip,16_1.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,test
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_4.png,D,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,ave_3,2023_10.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,"Nitrate salts are found in both the hyper-arid Atacama Desert in Chile and the Martian regolith. Fernanders et al. measure nitrate salt deliquescence and apply the data to sites in the Atacama, one pictured here, as well as to Gale Crater, Mars. Photo by Diana Boy. Mars image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,train
Caner Cell,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/43_1.png,D,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,test
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,29_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_2.png,A,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_2.txt,groundtruth,29_2.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Decety and Yoder describe emerging findings on the cognitive and neuroscientific
underpinnings of justice motivation. Cover image from iStockphoto/tomloel. Cover design
by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Rosenberg, Finn, Scheinost, Constable, and Chun discuss advances in connectivity-based
predictive modeling, how these methods inform our understanding of attention, and
how they can be applied to other cognitive domains. Cover image from iStockphoto/SomkiatFakmee.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_9.txt,vith,21_9.txt,val
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.png,A,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,val
ACS Engineering Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_2.png,C,"This work gives an overview of air pollutant removal using the biofiltration technique. There are two aspects of this cover art, the drawbacks of air pollutants on the environment (left side) and the role of the biofiltration techniques in improving the air quality, including impacts on human health and the environment (right side).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,"Driven by readily available renewable energy, the direct electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes via Joule heating provides a promising route for decarbonization, shows potential to overcome heat transfer limitations, and enables process intensification by the design of compact reactors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"rinciple describes reversible processes, whereas the depolymerization of step-growth polymers involves driving the equilibrium toward the monomer side. Interpreting",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This work presents the sustainable green solvent engineering for the synthesis of REWO (RE = Ce, Sm, Gd) nanoparticles, which are modified disposable screenprinted carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene in real-time analysis of water samples.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,test
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_8.png,C,"Neural architecture search for computational genomics
Applying deep learning models requires the tuning of network architectures for optimum performance, which can require substantial machine learning expertise. In this issue, Zijun Zhang et al. present a fully automated framework, AMBER, to design and apply convolutional neural networks for genomic sequences using neural architecture search. In an accompanying News & Views, Yi Zhang, Yang Liu and X. Shirley Liu discuss the AMBER technique and its potential to improve deep learning models in genomics.
See Zhang et al. and Zhang, Liu and Liu
Image: Simons Foundation. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_8.txt,vitg,3_8.txt,"Intelligent collaboration within reach
As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics.
See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg
Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Generating quantum circuits
Quantum computing promises to be a transformative technology, but there are several challenges in realizing quantum computing hardware. One is the generation of quantum circuits that perform desired operations. Denoising diffusion models excel at this task, providing a powerful and flexible method to create circuits in a variety of scenarios. Given a text prompt that describes a quantum operation, they rely on iteratively denoising an initially noisy canvas until the desired quantum circuit is reached.
See Fürrutter et al.
Image: Harald Ritsch. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,train
Structure,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_1.png,A,"On the cover: The illustration shows an artistic representation of chains of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, highlighting the inner membrane-embedded FtsABCD system responsible for
the capture of siderophores. Several hydroxamate siderophores with different structures
are shown surrounding the transporter in the periplasmic space. This illustration
symbolizes the ability of the membrane-anchored periplasmic binding protein, FtsB,
to recognize ligands with different structures as demonstrated in this issue by Fernández-Pérez et al. The conserved binding pocket of FtsB is depicted in red and reproduces the capture
of a molecule of Ferrichrome. Illustration by Jorge Fernández Pérez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Huo et al. (pp. 1270–1279) combined X-ray crystallography
and electron microscopy to get the complete high-resolution open structure of group
II chaperonin from Acidianus tengchongensis strain S5 and elucidated the detailed
conformational changes from open to closed state. The cover shows two electron microscopy
(EM) maps positioned at the corner, with wall and floor covered in an image of the
projection-matching figure of single particle analysis. Crystal structures of group
II chaperonins subunits are fitted into the negative-stained EM map (yellow, close
state) and the cryoEM map (green, open state), respectively. The conformational changes
of domain rotation and subunit movement from open to closed state are depicted by
the intermediate conformational states of subunits from green, cyan, blue, magenta,
and red to yellow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure’s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_12.png,D,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,clip,2014_12.txt,"National Chemistry Week, a community-based annual event uniting ACS local sections, businesses, schools, and individuals in communicating the value of chemistry in our everyday life, is being celebrated October 20–26, 2019 with the theme ""Marvelous Metals"". Articles featuring metals in this and past issues of the Journal of Chemical Education can help you make the most of this ACS annual celebration, including ""Electroless Deposition on Three Substrates: Brass Washers, Cicada Exoskeletons, and Beetles"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00055). In this laboratory experiment, Craig J. Donahue, Amina Marini, Codruta Savu, and Hanan Yehya showcase electroless deposition, an autocatalytic reduction process performed in aqueous solution containing a metal ion in the presence of a reducing agent, yielding a coherent metal film. The cover shows a nickel-plated cicada exoskeleton being held by a neodymium magnet.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2019_3.txt,ave_3,2019_3.txt,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,vitg,2020_7.txt,"Modern chemistry programs must include the skills and techniques that enable their graduates to perform experiments safely. In response to a call for papers, scientists and educators from around the world have contributed articles to the Journal of Chemical Education's Special Issue on Chemical Safety Education: Methods, Culture, and Green Chemistry. The articles in the issue are broadly distributed among topics covering resources, green chemistry, safety culture, and pedagogy. This issue is a resource for ideas and discussion to encourage ""a new way to look at safety"", with a focus on assessing hazards, minimizing risk, and valuing a strong chemical safety culture. (Cover image courtesy of Jane E. Wissinger.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_12.txt,groundtruth,2021_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_32,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_32.png,A,"With the assistance of the voltage, the rejection of the optimal membrane for acid fuchsin increased from 36.37% to 99% and the permeance was almost unchanged",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_32.txt,groundtruth,2024_32.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.txt,clip,2024_13.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_1.png,B,"3D visualization of a Peregrine soliton, which can occur in nonlinear fibre optics. This and other curious freak wave phenomena are a topic of this month's review.
Review Article p755
IMAGE: GOËRY GENTY
COVER DESIGN: SAMANTHA WHITHAM",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/8_3.txt,clip,8_3.txt,"Femtosecond fieldoscopy
An artistic impression of ‘femtosecond fieldoscopy’, whereby a femtosecond near-infrared light pulse interacts with an ethanol molecule in the liquid phase. A signature of the interaction is imparted on the pulse’s light field, allowing one to retrieve valuable information about the molecular excitation dynamics.
See Srivastava et al.
Image: Soledad Cook-Ordonez, Freelance scientific visual communicator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_1.txt,groundtruth,18_1.txt,"Ultrafast terahertz nanoscopy
Artistic impression of near-field terahertz nanoscopy probing the femtosecond dynamics of interlayer excitons (red-blue bubble structures) in van der Waals heterobilayers (grey spheres).
See Huber et al.
IMAGE: Markus Plankl, University of Regensburg. COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/15_5.txt,vith,15_5.txt,"Fast, dynamical focusing promotes the potential of liquid lenses.
Cover design by Tom Wilson.
Letter by Hirsa  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,val
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_5.png,D,"With prosperous development over the past decade, visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for organic chemistry. This approach offers the advantage of activating and transforming organic substrates with broad functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. With this latest JOC Special Issue, the Editorial Team is pleased to showcase the latest research trends in photocatalysis. The cover was designed by Associate Editor Géraldine Masson and Guest Editors Munetaka Akita, Paola Ceroni, and Corey Stephenson.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2023_15.txt,vitg,2023_15.txt,"Advances in industrial organic synthesis are essential for the successful commercialization of novel, efficient, and reliable chemical processes. Through application of new technologies and collaboration across disciplines, as noted on the cover of this joint Special Issue from JOC and OPR&D, organic chemists are accelerating the conversion of molecules to many useful products that improve human health and quality of life.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_21.txt,clip,2022_21.txt,The cover art shows carboxylic acid functionalization using sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene source in the presence of [VO(acac)2]. The cover art was created by Fathima Koothradan and Chinnappan Sivasankar.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_9.txt,ave_1,2022_9.txt,Advancements in loop cyclization approaches for enhanced peptide therapeutics for targeting protein,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_3.png,A,M(ImPhen)3,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"In the 50th year of publishing Accounts at the forefront of chemistry and related disciplines, we look toward the future of molecular sciences with this special issue on “Holy Grails in Chemistry”.  The grand challenges in chemistry include solar energy conversion, catalysis, the chemistry of materials and biopolymers, and insight into the makings of the universe and the origins of life.  We thank Steven Benner (FfAME) and Younan Xia (Georgia Institute of Technology) for concepts and components of this cover image. Cover art design by Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_10.txt,ave_1,2017_10.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"Armed with a toolbox of host and guests, along with some Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonds, molecular frameworks can be assembled in a variety of ways. See Adachi and Ward, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00360. Molecules adapted and reproduced from: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (9), 3386−3392. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (9), 3018−3031. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10 (12), 4159−4168. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society. Image of toolbox: Macrovector/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_1.txt,vitg,2016_1.txt,test
Journal of Proteome Research,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.png,C,", 11 (9), 4643",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2012_4.txt,ave_1,2012_4.txt,https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,Proteomic analysis of human urinary exosome was successfully achieved with chemical affinity enrichment toward the phosphatidylserine exposure on the exosomal surface by molecular imprinting. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"2023 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Accelerating Research With New and Evolving Open Source Software (Hoopmann, M.R.; Schwämmle, V.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2023, 22(2), 285",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_11.txt,clip,2023_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_2.png,A,"Endocrine and metabolic effects of heat stress, inspired by the Perspective on p673.
Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Health equity in endocrinology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p130.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_10.txt,vith,20_10.txt,"The WHO global targets for diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Viewpoint on p194.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,ave_1,21_2.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.png,A,"Cover Credit: Diagram of the proposed mechanisms by which CEMIP reduces the chemotherapy sensitivity of SCLC cells. CEMIP, an adaptor protein, interacts with SRC and YAP. CEMIP binds to SRC, allowing autophosphorylation of Y416 and activation of SRC, which facilitates the interaction between YAP and activated SRC, resulting in increased phosphorylation of Y357, protein stability, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP,thus reducing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SCLC cells. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin display synergistic antitumor effects on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01342-4). See the article in pages 2657–2671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.txt,groundtruth,45_1.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,ave_0,45_3.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,train
iScience,27_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_8.png,A,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,groundtruth,27_8.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"On the cover: Movable scattered units engraved with different types of cells gradually
assemble into a human shape. The accumulation of single-cell data provides growing
resources for constructing atlases for all cells of a human organ or the whole body.
Chen et al. (2022) developed a unified informatics framework that enables seamless
cell-centric assembly of scRNA-seq data from diverse sources and built the first human
ensemble cell atlas (hECA). hECA enables “in-data” exploration of the atlas as a virtual
human body with customizable logic expressions on all recorded features of the assembled
cells, provides quantitative portraitures of biological entities (organs, cell types,
and genes), and facilitates cell-type annotations with customizable references. Artwork
by Yuankui Lyu and Ruoqi Li, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_7.txt,ave_2,25_7.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_11.png,C,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,vith,2024_10.txt,"This image shows that two routes (IVI and INI) of silica nanoparticle exposure resulted in different outcomes of brain damage. The Baidu Wenxin Yige platform was used to improve the cover image, drawn using SAI software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,test
Nature Metabolism,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_7.png,B,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,"Time to exercise
Exposing mice to physical activity during their early active phase favours bone growth. The image depicts a rodent on a running wheel, which also alludes to the importance of the timing of exercise in achieving metabolic improvements.
See Yu, Tang et al.
Image: Will & Deni McIntyre/Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,"Focus: Neural control of energy homeostasis
Different brain regions coordinate metabolic processes that range from dictating feeding behavior to shaping energy storage and expenditure. At the cellular level, metabolic networks influence neural function and survival. A better understanding of these processes has advanced our knowledge in how the brain regulates whole-body energy homeostasis.
See Cheng et al., Alcántara, Miranda-Tapia et al., Nampoothiri et al., Busquets-García et al. and Pekkurnaz and Wang
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_6.txt,vitg,4_6.txt,test
ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.png,D,The class of czcD riboswitches showed conserved selectivity for FeII over other biologically relevant metals at their approximated physiological concentrations. czcD riboswitches are hypothesized to combat iron toxicity in bacteria by binding FeII selectively to turn on the transcription and promote the translation of the downstream putative FeII-exporter protein. Cover artwork created with BioRender.com.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2022_3.txt,clip,2022_3.txt,"Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the first antibiotic from Penicillium species, inspires a researcher to explore its potential. By incorporating silicon into MPA,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2025_1.txt,ave_1,2025_1.txt,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,ave_3,2024_3.txt,"The field-flow fractionation technique enables robust in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona at the surface of nanomedicine, which, in turn, can substantially improve our ability to accurately predict the biological fate of nanomedicine and, therefore, enable development of more effective, safe, and precisely targeted nanomedicine. The image was created by DALL·E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,val
Neuron,113_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_3.png,C,"On the cover: An artistic rendering of artificial neuronal networks, viral vectors,
and dendritic trees, all topics covered in the first of three special issues on neurotechnology.
In this issue of Neuron, we focus on building networks with organoids and computational models and mapping
circuits with viral tracers. Artwork by Marjan Alan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/107_1.txt,clip,107_1.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Neuron presents a collection of Perspectives, Primers, and Review articles on cell biology.
These articles discuss recent key advances in the field and outline open questions
and possible directions of where the field is moving. Each article represents a powerful
example of how important cell biology is to understand the architecture of the brain
at the cellular and molecular level. The cover is an artistic depiction of a neuron
to highlight its intracellular machinery and specialized structural features.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/96_4.txt,vith,96_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. show an immune-neural circuit at the meningeal-brain interface, where neutrophils
act as sensors of social threats, attenuating threat-related neuronal and behavioral
reactivity by orchestrating T cell-derived interferon signaling. The cover depicts
a lively outer space of the brain. A beige background symbolizes the meninges, while
immune cells are depicted in a variety of colors, such as vibrant yellow polymorphonuclear
neutrophils. These heterogeneous “cells” are interconnected, constituting an immune
network. The homeostatic brain exists beneath this immunologically active environment,
with its originally grayish-white regions being infused with a calming blue, symbolizing
an immune signal that mediates neuronal inhibition and behavioral adaptation. Artwork
Bin Wu and Ling Meng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_3.txt,groundtruth,113_3.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Neuron features a collection of essays and perspectives on the future of global neuroscience.
Common themes that emerged in many of these pieces are the importance of collaboration
and the need to look for new approaches that break down barriers (whether they be
scientific or organizational) in our quest to understand the brain. In recognition
of the truly international nature of the neuroscience community and this challenge,
we have commissioned two covers, featuring views from both sides of the globe. (We
apologize in advance to our loyal readers in the southern hemisphere for not finding
an artistic design solution that would allow us to show a fully 3D perspective on
our “brain globe.”) Like the long-range neuron connections that facilitate communication
across the brain, long-range and local “connections” around the globe are inspiring
and catalyzing new discoveries and new ways of doing science. Artwork by Jessica Mahoney.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/92_4.txt,vitg,92_4.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_27,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_27.png,A,A novel carbene-assisted strategy for arene ring-opening is demonstrated. Experiments and DFT calculations have validated that both diazo and non-diazo carbene precursors could effectively initiate the reactions to afford value-added extended conjugated molecules. This chemistry expands the horizons of carbene chemistry and provides a novel pathway for arene ring-opening.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_27.txt,groundtruth,2024_27.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,p,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_40.txt,vitg,2012_40.txt,train
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_1.png,C,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,artwork by Mariana Avila and Diana Mancera entitled “Reach for the Stars – inspiring Latin American women in STEM”.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_1.txt,groundtruth,2022_1.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,46_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/46_1.png,B,"Since the age of Hippocrates, the crab has been used to represent cancer. In this
Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores the complex relationship between the immune system and cancer, discussing
how some immune processes are co-opted by cancer for its own benefit, and highlighting
how in some instances, immunity can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. We also
discuss how the immune system is impacted by anti-cancer therapies, and how in turn
this affects the outcome of the treatment. This battle is illustrated here: the crab
puts up its own defense against anti-cancer therapy and cytotoxic immune cells, but
it is also shielded from attack by pro-tumorigenic immune cells. Cover concept by
Seth B. Coffelt and Karin E. de Visser. Cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_10.txt,vith,36_10.txt,"Experiments with particular specific pathogen-free (SPF)-inbred mouse
strains from different laboratories often yield conflicting data due to microbiota
variations
due to housing conditions. On pages 17–28, Rosshart, Bruno, and Schueler present
the option of using natural microbiota from wild mice to outcompete and replace
conventional laboratory SPF murine gut microbiota via co-housing (wildlings). They
propose that this may yield more robust, reproducible, and generalizable mouse data
in biomedical research than other models. Image credit: Ethan Tyler, NIH Division
of
Medical Arts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/46_1.txt,groundtruth,46_1.txt,"The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against infection and
tissue injury. New imaging techniques and genetic tools are allowing researchers to
more precisely define how innate immune cells navigate their way to the appropriate
site during tissue perturbation. The articles in this themed issue of Trends in Immunology
examine the mechanisms that underlie innate immune cell trafficking in health and
disease. Cover illustration: Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_3.txt,vitg,32_3.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_10.png,B,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,ave_1,2012_7.txt,"-cleaning ability can be motivated through meticulous optimization (pruning, fertilizing, and watering), thereby boosting the cycle life and vitality (capacity) of the tree of the Li–S battery. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Metal nanoparticle electrocatalysts display durability in highly corrosive environments by building their surfaces on top of ordered intermetallic seeds. Otherwise, dissolution is common. Cover art by Ella Marushchenko. See article by Sara Skrabalak and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00655). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,Artificial and hybrid micro- and nanomachines of various shapes and sizes can be employed as active drug delivery vehicles and as active microcleaners in environmental applications. See article by Samuel Sánchez and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00386). Cover art design by Alejandro Posada.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.png,A,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,groundtruth,1_6.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_4.png,A,"Specificity for cathepsin S
The structure of non-natural peptide inhibitors can be rapidly optimized to specifically block the activity of protease targets. The cover image depicts different non-natural peptides bound to the molecular structure of cathepsin S, representing a few possible outcomes of site saturation mutagenesis screening.
See Petruzzella et al.
Image: Aaron Petruzzella, EPFL. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,"The cover depicts structures of dynamic and native conformational exchanger (DANCER) proteins, which were computationally designed to switch between predicted conformational states. DANCERs are based on the global fold of streptococcal protein Gβ1 and contain an engineered Trp43 residue that spontaneously exchanges between sequestered and solvent-exposed states on the millisecond timescale. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image from Adam Damry. Article, p1280",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_1.txt,ave_0,13_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.png,A,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.
Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"C–N bonds are ubiquitous in societally important commodity and fine chemicals, but the thermochemical routes used to manufacture these compounds are a major contributor to global carbon emissions. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis could potentially drive the formation of these important products using renewable electricity and abundant starting materials, thus reducing the carbon footprint of their production. The cover image shows CO2 and NH3 reactants coupling on the surface of a copper nanoparticle catalyst to form amide products. See Li, Zhang, Kuruvinashetti and Kornienko
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Montreal. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_8.txt,clip,6_8.txt,"Chemical looping processes can be mediated by redox-active metal oxides. This cover image depicts a doped metal oxide surface at which conversions of substrates such as methane, water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can occur. See Gong et al
Image: Chuanye Xiong, Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_2.txt,ave_2,2_2.txt,"Autocatalytic lipids — that form assemblies capable of catalysing their own formation — are fascinating chemicals that display a variety of extraordinary behaviour up to and including the emulation of processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis, that are associated with living systems. The cover illustrates this with the gradual appearance from top left of ever more complex assemblies eventually leading to larger assemblies that are beginning to divide. See Howlett & Fletcher
Image: Carl Conway & Philip Patenall Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_3.txt,vitg,7_3.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_4.png,A,"Sustainable microfabrication
Microfabrication has a crucial role in device fabrication but has an unfavourable environmental footprint. Yang and colleagues present a bioinspired permeable junction approach for sustainable microfabrication, using no hazardous chemicals and substantially reduced energy consumption.
See Yang et al.
Image: Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"Sustainable sea urchin aquaculture
The process of obtaining sea urchin gonads, a high-demand culinary delicacy, involves the killing of the organism. Rakaj and colleagues present a sustainable no-kill sea urchin aquaculture method to produce an alternative market product of ‘caviar’ made of eggs produced by female batches.
See Rakaj et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_5.txt,vith,7_5.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,clip,7_9.txt,"Shaping sustainable cooling
Cooling demand is expected to increase. A new framework of socio-economic, technological, environmental and geopolitical factors allows researchers to identify sustainable cooling solutions, which go beyond improving technology.
See Khosla et al.
Image: ballyscanlon / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_10.txt,vitg,4_10.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_11.png,C,"Storing carbon in the understory
Forgotten tree tags in African forests show that small trees can outlive large canopy trees. The understory thus contributes disproportionately to long-term carbon storage and needs appropriate conservation management.
See Hubau, W. et al.
Image: Joris Van de Vyver, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/5_11.txt,ave_2,5_11.txt,"From the ashes of ancient disaster
Fossil flowers preserved in amber show that members of the genus Phylica have been blooming for over 99 million years. Closely related flowers of Eophylica priscastellata exhibit fire-adaption traits identical to those of modern taxa in fire-prone ecosystems.
See Chao Shi et al.
Image: Shuo Wang. Cover Design: E. Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_12.txt,ave_3,8_12.txt,"Tending to fire
Fire has been an ecological driving force on Earth as long as there have been plants to burn. But human activity has altered fire regimes in unprecedented ways, with profound global consequences for carbon storage, ecosystem services and biodiversity.
See Editorial
Image: imageBROKER.com GmbH & Co. KG/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_11.txt,groundtruth,10_11.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_5.png,C,"‘Iron-dependent cell death’, inspired by the Review on p424
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_7.txt,vitg,25_7.txt,"DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily via two pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination. Defective repair-pathway choice in mammalian cells can lead to genomic instability and disease. See Scully et al. and the series on DNA damage.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/20_2.txt,clip,20_2.txt,"‘Healing injured tissues’, inspired by the Reviews on p599 and p617
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,"‘Removing and eliminating misfolded proteins’, inspired by the Review on p777.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_2.txt,vith,24_2.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.png,D,"On the cover: Prevotella copri is a common, but not ubiquitous, inhabitant of the human microbiome. In this issue
of Cell Host & Microbe, Tett et al. (666–679) and Fehlner-Peach et al. (680–690) explore the genomic diversity
of P. copri across discrete populations, finding that this species is not monotopic but encompasses
four distinct clades, likely in response to multi-generational dietary modifications,
that constitute the P. copri complex. In demonstrating the importance of this commensal, Rolhion et al. (691–701)
report on a bacteriocin encoded by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, which targets P. copri to enable pathogen colonization. The cover image represents the human diet (the orchestra
director) that is “orchestrating” the presence and abundance of these four distinct
clades (the four P. copri opera singers in red, blue, green, and yellow). Cover art by Eleonora Nigro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/26_2.txt,clip,26_2.txt,"On the cover: In celebration of the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe, this issue features “Voices” from 10 leading experts in their field as they reflect
on the journal's journey over the past decade. We also bring to you 10 Reviews and
Perspectives from leading authors that highlight broad themes in host-microbe biology.
The cover image illustrates the many microbes and hosts that are highlighted in these
Reviews and Perspectives and in fields that the journal has been proud to publish
in over the past 10 years. The cover image was generated by Sean Kilian and contributed
by Julia Vorholt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/22_5.txt,vith,22_5.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,groundtruth,32_9.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_9.png,A,"In-detail experimental and theoretical analysis derived that crown ethers are impressive for surface passivation and a guardian layer against moisture owing to their unique acid-base passivation and hydrophobicity, and crown ethers with appropriate molecular design at the perovskite/electron transfer layer interface inhibit the nonradiative recombination and voltage losses in p-i-n perovskite solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"In this Review, we shed light onto the fundamental understanding of the origin of phase instability for both the intrinsic structure and extrinsic factors. We highlight the methodologies used to suppress the undesired phase transitions of formamidinium- and cesium-based halide perovskites with an emphasis on structure–property relationships. The cover image reflects on the delicate nature of these structures under environmental conditions (weak tree, left) and highlights their robustness in their pristine conditions (leafy tree, right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_8.txt,ave_2,2021_8.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in both photovoltaic and light-emission applications. The cover art shows the perovskite crystal structure capable of strongly absorbing light to generate electrical power as a solar cell or efficiently generating light emission from electrical power as a light-emitting device. There are still a number of losses in these materials that particularly limit the light-emission processes. Eliminating these loss pathways will lead to photovoltaic and light-emission devices approaching their efficiency limits. Credit: Dr. Matthew T. Klug.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_6.txt,clip,2017_6.txt,test
Trends in Parasitology,41_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/41_2.png,B,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"The cover is the official logo of the 32nd National Congress of Parasitology
(NCP), Pune. The conference logo is inspired by Warli folk art, a tribal art originating
from
the Sahyadri range in Maharashtra, India. The logo is the visual representation of
the
theme of the conference, the impact of parasitic infections and vectors on both humans
and animals, with a One Health emphasis, and the need to take a holistic approach
to eliminate the burden of parasitic infections. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Purkayastha et al. highlight the proceedings from the conference, which brought together
eminent parasitologists from India and also Africa to present and discuss their exciting
research from the field. Image credit: originally designed by Sindhuri Upadrasta and
further developed and digitally rendered by D.V. Mamatharani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/41_2.txt,groundtruth,41_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,ave_1,33_7.txt,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,clip,37_4.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_1.png,C,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_7.txt,ave_1,26_7.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"Integrins mediate mechanical forces crucial for neuronal adaptation.
On pages 1029–1043 in this issue, Jaudon et al. discuss the dynamic role of integrins
in processes ranging from ion channel regulation to synaptic plasticity. Their review
emphasizes the importance of these forces in shaping neuronal interactions,
integrating classical cell biology perspectives with emerging mechanobiology
concepts. The authors highlight mechanosensitivity as critical in advancing our
understanding of brain function. Cover design by Giuseppe Di Scipio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_1.txt,groundtruth,34_1.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.png,B,"Understanding tumour mutational burden, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Understanding chromosomal instability in cancer, inspired by the Review on p645.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"Using computational tools to predict response to immunotherapies, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.txt,vitg,21_12.txt,"Using AI to predict clinical outcomes, inspired by the Perspective on p132.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_11.txt,vith,19_11.txt,train
Neuron,113_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_4.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue of Neuron, Safaiyan et al. (pages 1100–1117) identify white-matter-associated microglia (WAMs),
which form in a TREM2-dependent but APOE-independent manner in aging white matter,
where they form nodules that are engaged in phagocytosing damaged myelin. Inside WAMs,
these damaged myelin visualized as membranous whorls. Istanbul-based artist Garip
Ay created the image using a paper marbling technique—or more specifically, the Turkish
method called “ebru” recreated these membranous whorls on water.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/109_18.txt,ave_2,109_18.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_1.txt,vitg,113_1.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_4.txt,groundtruth,113_4.txt,"On the cover: A depiction of interneurons as gears in a watch movement—brass wheels
representing their dendrites, and nickel their axons. On the left is a bistratified
cell, and in the center is an O-LM cell. The bridge running left to right represents
stratum pyramidale. A pyramidal neuron takes the role of pallet lever (brass, top
right), receiving oscillatory input from the impulse pin to its apical tuft. Instead
of a balance wheel, this oscillatory input comes from the movement of the interneuron
gears. The output of the pyramidal neuron is the accurate timing of the movement of
the pallet wheel (nickel, bottom right corner), representing the cell’s axon. In this
issue, Katona et al. (pages 872–886) describe the temporal specialization of distinct
hippocampal GABAergic interneurons (in the neuronal machine).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/82_3.txt,clip,82_3.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_7.png,B,"This Focus examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic and adverse effects of various commonly used non-biologic drugs in rheumatology, as well as future prospects in this field.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p323.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"In our February issue: articles on the pathogenesis of ANCA-association vasculitis, therapy for knee osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc progenitor cells and psoriatic dactylitis. Also featured are key advances in rheumatology in 2018.
Image of skin from a patient with dermatomyositis. Image supplied by Majid Zeidi, Kristen Chen and Victoria P. Werth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/15_11.txt,vitg,15_11.txt,"In our July issue: articles on prevention of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis, pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease and epidemiology of gout.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_6.txt,vith,16_6.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_5.png,C,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,"Fasting proteome
Seven days of complete caloric restriction in humans leads to profound adaptations of the plasma proteome. The illustration is an artistic representation of changes in the proteome after prolonged fasting in humans.
See Pietzner et al.
Image: Saskia Beuchel. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_9.txt,ave_3,6_9.txt,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,"Focus on exercise metabolism and health
Our September issue includes a Focus on exercise metabolism and health, consisting of Reviews, Comments and research Articles revisiting foundational topics and highlighting new paradigms in exercise and muscle metabolism, as well as their broader implications for organismal health.
Visit our web collection
Image: mustafahacalaki. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_20.png,A,"The cover art showcases the intricate molecular interaction where DD-2 (PROTAC) facilitates a ternary complex formation with E3 ubiquitin ligase (UBR) and the polo-box domain (PBD) of the PLK1 protein. This binding event initiates a cascade of ubiquitination leading to the targeted degradation of PLK1, a key regulator in cell cycle progression, thereby showcasing the potential of DD-2 in triggering antitumor activity through a ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,18_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/18_1.png,C,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,ave_0,13_2.txt,"The oceans are becoming more acidic as they absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide — this may limit the ability of marine organisms to secrete carbonate. A sediment-trap study shows that in the Southern Ocean the shell weights of a surface-dwelling single-celled organism with a calcite shell are lower than pre-industrial values, probably as a result of increasing ocean acidity. The image, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, shows a modern Globigerina bulloides shell recovered from a sediment trap in the Southern Ocean. Image courtesy of Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.
Letter p276; Backstory p308",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/2_9.txt,clip,2_9.txt,"High mountain hazard cascade
Perched at 3,600 m elevation in the Himalayan mountains of Nepal, massive glacial sediment deposits were incised by nearly 100 m in a geological instant during monsoonal flooding in 2021. The sediment unleashed by this event set in motion an erosional chain reaction with devastating consequences downstream, exemplifying the cascading hazard posed by sediment-laden floods in high mountains.
See Chen et al.
Image: Chan-Mao Chen, University of Southern California. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/18_1.txt,groundtruth,18_1.txt,"Vulnerable mountain infrastructure
Climate change is exacerbating geohazards in High Mountain Asia that pose a growing risk to hydropower and water infrastructure across the region. Improved monitoring and forecasting of cascading hazards and sustainable sediment management solutions are needed to inform climate change-resilient hydropower. The image shows an expanding moraine-dammed glacial lake in the Himalaya.
See Li et al.
Image: Ting Zhang. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/15_6.txt,vitg,15_6.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_6.png,A,This cover art illustrates that when,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Zooming in on diverse, informative substrates:  Over time, reports on new synthetic methods in Organic Letters have included an increasingly large number of substrates. Often, these substrates are redundant and offer little to no mechanistic insight. This cover, accompanying an editorial from the Organic Letters Editor-in-Chief, highlights the desire to focus on substrates that are diverse and add significant understanding. Credit to Matthew C. Carson, University of Pennsylvania, for the cover artwork.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_12.txt,vith,2022_12.txt,"The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2019_18.txt,clip,2019_18.txt,"The cover focuses on a type of biologically relevant substances, i.e., selenoamino acids, which can be easily obtained with complete stereocontrol by conjugate addition to a chiral dehydroalanine. The cover was designed, conceived, and created by Ella Maru Studio, Inc. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2021_19.txt,ave_1,2021_19.txt,train
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_5.png,A,"The image depicts a lanthanum hydride cluster nanoconfined within the porous structure of functionalized carbon hosts, highlighting local interactions between the hydride cluster and the carbon material.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"The strategically engineered N,O-codoped carbon spheres using molecularly designed polybenzoxazine particles are explored using a template-free colloidal technique. Evaluated in supercapacitor applications, the carbon material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, highlighting its potential for energy storage devices. The cover art has been prepared in part using an AI tool at https://copilot.microsoft.com/.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,"The cover depicts a solid ion-exchange and diffusion method developed to achieve a metal–organic framework derived sulfidation strategy for carbon-encapsulated metal sulfides. This architectural design makes these nanohybrid electrodes display outstanding capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life for Li-ion batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_2.txt,ave_1,2018_2.txt,"Cover art portrays the multifunctional membrane design comprising graphene (Gr) nanosheet and garnet solid-state electrolyte (SSE) that effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttling effect and adeptly promotes the Li-ion diffusion in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Due to the synergistic contributions of Gr and SSE, Purdue University's experimental battery research group and University of Calgary's solid-state materials research group successfully demonstrated ultrastable and high-rate Li–S batteries. The incorporation of SSE into the conductive Gr concept provides an innovative strategy to improve the electrochemical kinetics and reactions, opening a new method to advance the development of next generation Li–S batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_5.txt,ave_2,2018_5.txt,train
Nature Water,2_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_12.png,C,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,vitg,1_10.txt,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,groundtruth,2_12.txt,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,clip,2_7.txt,train
Nature Food,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_5.png,B,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Irrigation in post-invasion Ukraine
In 2022, Ukraine was the world’s fifth-largest wheat exporter, fourth-largest maize exporter and third-largest rapeseed exporter. The country’s invasion by Russia caused damage to Ukrainian crop production lands and irrigation systems, resulting in shocks to global grain markets and threatening food security in regions dependent on grain imports. As Ukraine rebuilds its agricultural sector, it will need to move away from rainfed agricultural practices and incorporate climate change adaptation measures. Irrigation systems will need to expand and be modernized, particularly in southern, eastern and central Ukraine. Local surface and groundwater resources can supply sustainable irrigation options for millions of hectares of cropland even with a projected 3°C warming.
See Rosa et al.
Image: Slavica/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"Disruptive vision
Anthocyanin accumulation in ‘rainbow rice’, created through conventional breeding, confers a purple hue in the leaves and grains. In this issue, Steinwand and Ronald describe how genomic analyses and new plant breeding technologies can be leveraged to generate the next generation of food crops with enhanced agronomic and nutritional traits, and Herrero and colleagues assess the readiness of disruptive technologies in the transition to a more sustainable food system.
See Steinwand et al. and Herrero et al.
Image: Anat Sukeewong, Rice Science Center and Rice Gene Discovery, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_8.txt,ave_1,1_8.txt,"Agricultural by-products for feed
Global consumption of animal-sourced foods must decrease if more sustainable food systems are to be achieved. Yet, projections suggest that the demand for livestock products will continue to grow over the next half-century. Strategies to curb the demand for crop-based feed are therefore key to reduce environmental impacts and free up land and water resources for agricultural production for human consumption. The replacement of some substitutable feed crops with available agricultural by-products, such as cereal bran, sugar beet pulp, molasses, distiller’s grains and citrus pulp, is one of these strategies. Replacing 11–16% of energy-rich feed crops (that is, cereals and cassava) with agricultural by-products is estimated to save approximately 15–27 Mha of land, as well as 3–19 km3 and 74–137 km3 of blue and green water, respectively.
See Govoni et al.
Image: Design Pics Inc / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_6.png,B,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,"–organic frameworks, the electronic and electrochemical properties of the constituting components are conserved. Charge is transported by electron hopping between electronically isolated, redox-active components of different oxidation states, a process that is coupled to the diffusion migration of charge balancing counter ions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.png,D,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_1,1_5.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,vith,6_5.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_1.png,B,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,"This study determined the efficacy of  carotenes in modulating molecular targets in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AMD in vitro model. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a panel of 17 human cancer cells and non-cancerous human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were treated with carotenes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carotenes in modulating oxidative stress, and its underlying molecular targets were also studied using bioinformatic analyses through reactome pathway analysis and targeted cell-based reporter assays.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,val
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_9.png,D,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,"elevated radiodensity, enabling real-time tracking of material development in living organisms through radioimaging. These hydrogels stand as a versatile and adjustable platform, allowing for the tunability of mechanical properties, swelling, and rates of biodegradation. Noteworthy for their cell-interactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, these materials signify a leap forward in bioengineering innovation, specifically within the field of tissue engineering. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_13.png,B,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,ave_1,16_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_13.txt,groundtruth,17_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,clip,16_8.txt,"On The Cover The serene scene depicts a beautiful lake surrounded by green bioluminescent trees
representing Arabidopsis roots in a moonlight night. The bright moon projects the silhouette of FERONIA, the
goddess of love, fertility, and wild woods. After FERONIA perceives RALF1 peptides
released by the glittery stars escorting her, the birds (eIF4E1) transduce her prosperity
and lovely cues to deliver branches (RH gene) to the trees. Love is the spring of
everything. Image by: Feng Yu, Sirui Zhu and José Manuel Estévez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_9.txt,vith,13_9.txt,test
NATURE GENETICS,56_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_3.png,B,"Building TADs in leukemia
The cover image depicts the creation of a 3D chromosomal landscape in a leukemia cell, described in Kloetgen et al. This study identifies a TAD fusion and separation events responsible for activation of oncogenes and silencing of tumor suppressors.
See Kloetgen et al.
Image: Molly Ferguson. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/52_9.txt,vith,52_9.txt,"Custom microfluidics for spatial transcriptomics
MAGIC-seq is a spatial transcriptomics method that combines multiple-grid microfluidic design and prefabricated DNA arrays.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Junjie Zhu, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_3.txt,groundtruth,56_3.txt,"Human genetics and the microbiome
Analysis of how human genetic variation associates with gut microbiome traits, including microbial composition and species abundance, can provide insights into the relationship between host and microbial genetics.
See Lopera-Maya et al.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_11.txt,vitg,54_11.txt,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,clip,55_7.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_10.png,D,Predicting daily discharge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using a machine learning model supported by meteorological and population migration big data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,Read the recent Collection on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,vith,2021_12.txt,"‘Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Analytics in Water Environments’ showcases the many diverse applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics in addressing environmental issues within the broad context of water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,test
Nature Food,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_9.png,C,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Smart food labelling
Food labels carry information about a product’s identity, ingredients, and allergenic and nutritional properties, as well as how it should be handled, stored and consumed safely. Front-of-package labels are therefore important for consumer protection and should be clear and trustworthy. Technologies such as 3D printing and smart labelling are revolutionizing food labels and packaging to meet evolving demands from consumers and the industry. A newly developed food label based on a water-soluble nanocomposite ink with a high refractive index meets quality standards and protects against counterfeiting, while also reducing waste.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"Form and function
Food gels and oleogels feature 3D percolating biopolymers or colloids designed to span water or oil in food, thereby providing viscoelastic properties to an otherwise purely viscous fluid. The cover image is an artistic view of food gel droplets, drawn against the typical cellular background of protein-templated oleogels.
See Cao et al.
Image: Sonia Monti. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_11.txt,ave_2,1_11.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_6.png,B,-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2009_49.txt,vitg,2009_49.txt,"This paper describes the synthesis of atomically isolated Pd sites onto Cu nanoflakes to regulate the protonation of key intermediates. The Pd sites with moderate water activation capability are found to enhance the protonation of *CO at the neighboring Cu site to *COH, which is confirmed to be the rate-determining step through kinetic isotope effect studies. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,train
Organometallics,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_3.png,C,The future is shining bright for organometallics. This special issue shines light on photo-active organometallic complexes and their applications as photoredox catalysts.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,"On the cover is a decamethylsilicocene, a classic organometallic compound that extends the concept of sandwich compounds to the main-group elements.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2021_10.txt,clip,2021_10.txt,"A display of ingenuity: A modular synthesis of rigid chelating naphthyridine-based bis(carbene) ligands, coined the ""NBC"" scaffold, has been unlocked. With the cashing in on this new ligand scaffold, the bulkiest version supports a rare collection of diverse structures of the coinage metal series, consisting of mononuclear trigonal planar species with Cu(I) and Ag(I) and a dinuclear complex with Au(I). The cover art was designed and created by lead author Evan Patrick.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,What is the application? Consider how organometallic expertise can be extended to determine and realize new translational research opportunities. The diverse applications of organometallic chemistry featured in this Special Issue continue to inspire creative directions and novel approaches within the discipline.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_5.txt,vith,2024_5.txt,train
Structure,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/33_1.png,D,"On the cover: Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling regulate numerous physiological functions. Overloaded Ca2+ stores promote cell death and dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leading to diseases including cancers. Guo et al. (pp. 1013–1021) present
crystal structures of a prokaryotic TMBIM Ca2+ channel (ribbons) in which a pH- and ion-sensitive aspartyl dyad forms H-bonds with
an arginine residue on TM2 (cyan) and regulates the opening and closing of a transmembrane
pore for Ca2+ translocation across bilayer membranes (spheres).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_7.txt,clip,27_7.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure’s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: β-Arrestins (βarrs) critically regulate GPCR signaling and trafficking.
Min et al. (pp. 1014–1023) present a 2.3 Å crystal structure of βarr2 in complex with
a phosphopeptide (C7pp) derived from the carboxyl terminus of a chemokine receptor
CXCR7, showing that C7pp-bound βarr2 has small inter-domain rotation. The cover image
shows the crystal structure of βarr2 (blue) in complex with C7pp (orange). HEK-293
cells expressing CXCR7 are also shown (green) when stimulated with a saturating concentration
of agonist, followed by live cell imaging. Cover art by Kyungjin Min, Ka Young Chung,
Arun K. Shukla, and Hyung Ho Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_4.txt,vith,28_4.txt,"On the cover: Alternative complex III from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation
with transmembrane proton translocation in respiratory and photosynthetic electron
transport chains. This image shows CaACIII structures determined by X-ray crystallography
and cryoelectron microscopy. The CaACIII crystal structure presented in this issue
by Wu et al. highlights the conformational stability of its core functional modules and reveals
local flexibility in regions with low sequence conservation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.png,B,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,38_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/38_1.png,D,"Mind the gap
The integration of teams and utilisation of skill mix are buzz themes in dentistry today. In this month’s issue we're connecting the dots and looking at whether there exists a generation gap in the profession
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_7.txt,ave_3,32_7.txt,"In this issue...
Do you think you take fewer risks due to the environment you work in? That’s the question posed in this month’s issue. Is there an over-bearing, disjointed regulator providing a hostile environment so practitioners play it safe? Read on to find out.
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_5.txt,clip,32_5.txt,"In this issue...
Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic stewardship. Two issues that throughout the last decade have seen major progress. And so, in a post-pandemic world, do we find ourselves back to square one?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_2.txt,ave_1,35_2.txt,"In this issue...
BDJ In Practice is 10! To celebrate, we assess how far the regulator and regulation has come in that time - for better or for worse",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/38_1.txt,groundtruth,38_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.png,B,"In this Review, Luhmann et al. summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across time and space and consider macro-level factors that might account for these differences.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,"In this Review, Orben et al. describe the mechanisms by which social media could amplify the developmental changes that increase adolescents’ mental health vulnerability.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.txt,groundtruth,3_7.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"In this Review, Jost et al. provide a conceptual framework that integrates scientific knowledge about cognitive-motivational mechanisms that influence political polarization and the social-communicative contexts in which they are enacted.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,train
ACS Polymers Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_2.png,D,There is no algorithm that can unambiguously identify the topology of any closed curve. In our paper we discover there are some geometric properties of topologically complex curves that act as local readout for their underlying topological entanglements.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,"AI for polymers. A combination of polymer fingerprinting, machine learning, rapid computational characterization of polymers, and availability of large open-sourced homogeneous data can accelerate the design and development of polymeric materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_6.txt,ave_2,2022_6.txt,By the chemoenzymatic polymerization of L-serine ethyl ester,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,"The cover illustrates various topographical features in nanoconfined polymer thin films, arising from mechano-rheological responses, such as wrinkles, capillary leveling, particle tracking, dewetting hole growth, bubble inflation, and wetting ridges. Due to the extremely low thickness of polymer films, such unconventional characterization methods are imperative, and their efficacy has been demonstrated successfully.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_1.png,D,"Improving anticancer activity of antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p203.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.txt,ave_1,21_10.txt,"Single-cell analysis of tumour immunology, inspired by the Perspective on p244.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_9.txt,vitg,18_9.txt,"Targeting tumours with antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p327.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_7.txt,clip,18_7.txt,"Treating colorectal cancer with or without high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency, inspired by the Review on p839.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_18.png,C,p,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_40.txt,vitg,2012_40.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,This work reveals an epitaxy-like conversion reaction mechanism through electrochemical intercalation chemistry. This illustration depicts the self-evolved robust layer-interlaced nanostructure of an R3m-type bismuth electrode for hosting chlorine.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_12.png,B,"On the cover: From Dangaj and Coukos et al. (pp. 885–900), cold tumors (ice floe side)
are characterized by low chemokine CCL5 expression and are immune desert. By contrast,
hot tumors (tropical side) express high levels of CCL5 and CXCL9, which cooperate
to recruit tumor-reactive T cells rendering the tumor microenvironment immunologically
fertile.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/35_1.txt,clip,35_1.txt,"On the cover: Routy et al. review the microbiota research in the context of melanoma. The cover image demonstrates
the interplay between melanoma cancer cells and microbiota visually. An intricate
network of lines creates connections that symbolize the link between intestinal bacteria
and melanoma, highlighting the recent research included in the content, visually showcasing
the intricate relationship between the two. Image credit: Simon Rohlen, known as KEF!.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"On the cover: Cancers sharing the same clinical diagnosis often harbor striking differences
at the molecular level. Such is the case for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
A careful examination of different DLBCL molecular subsets reveals distinct metabolic
signatures. Depicted here is a close-up of an “OxPhos” cancer cell with pink mitochondria
visible below the plasma membrane. Callouts in gray highlight the integrated approach
used to reveal differences in carbon utilization, mitochondrial proteome, fatty acid
oxidation, and glutathione levels in this DLBCL subtype. See Caro et al., pp. 547–560.
Cover credit: Benjamin Szlyk and Illana Stanley.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/22_3.txt,vith,22_3.txt,"On the cover: To holistically describe and comprehensively characterize cancer cells
and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, Bagaev et al. (pp. 845–865) analyzed transcriptomes
of over 10,000 cancer patients. This led to the identification of four distinct subtypes
of tumor microenvironment that are conserved across 20 different cancers. These four
subtypes, depicted in the cover, are strongly associated with prognosis and response
to immunotherapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_7.txt,vitg,39_7.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_2.png,B,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,Molecular dynamics simulations of crazes in glassy polymers under cyclic loading reveal the quasi-stress-free motion of craze fibril folding during unloading. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,clip,2010_11.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,ave_0,2012_7.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_7.png,B,"In the 50th year of publishing Accounts at the forefront of chemistry and related disciplines, we look toward the future of molecular sciences with this special issue on “Holy Grails in Chemistry”.  The grand challenges in chemistry include solar energy conversion, catalysis, the chemistry of materials and biopolymers, and insight into the makings of the universe and the origins of life.  We thank Steven Benner (FfAME) and Younan Xia (Georgia Institute of Technology) for concepts and components of this cover image. Cover art design by Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_10.txt,vitg,2017_10.txt,The use of traditional chemical tools together with the molecules and machinery of the cell have opened a new frontier in our ability to synthesize complex molecules and molecular systems with new properties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,vith,2012_7.txt,"The cover is a composite of potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals under black light. The background shows a crystal in which a luminescent additive, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, highlights growth-active hillocks. (Crystal and image by Dr. Theresa Bullard. Bullard et al. Faraday Discuss. 2007, 136, 231. Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.) The cycle is composed of successive slices of an as-grown crystal (center) containing 3,6-diaminoacridine. (Crystal and image by Dr. Jason Benedict. Bellinazzi et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 379. Reproduced by permission of the PCCP Owner Societies.) Cover design by Amy Meyer Phifer (see pp 684-692).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2010_8.txt,clip,2010_8.txt,val
Molecular Therapy,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_3.png,A,"On the cover:Pitner et al. demonstrated that non-differentiating B cells act as “decoys” that blunt the generation
of factor VIII inhibitors in a murine model of hemophilia A. The image displays a
coronal spleen section from a CD45.1 mouse after intravenous delivery of Blimp1-knockout
decoy MD4 B cells and intraperitoneal immunization with HEL-OVA. Decoy B cells (CD45.2,
magenta) dominate the light zones of germinal centers (GL7, green) within B cell follicles
(IgD, blue). CD4 T cells (CD4, red) and marginal zone macrophages (CD169, gray) are
also pictured. Image credit: Jaime L. Chao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the Cover: An H1650 tumor cell line labeled with GFP forms 3D tumor spheroids on ultra-low attachment
tissue culture plates. Spheroids were treated with either mesenchymal stromal cells
(MSCs) infected with a red fluorescent protein expressing oncolytic adenovirus and
helper-dependent virus expressing interleukin-12 and anti-PD-L1 or HER.2-specific
chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells labeled with efluor 670 only in the first
two images, respectively. The third image shows a combination of combinatorial adenovirus
vector MSCs and HER.2 CAR-T cells that result in robust tumor spheroid destruction.
Images were acquired on a Nikon A1 R-s confocal microscope, 20×. See McKenna et al.,
1808–1820.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_9.txt,ave_1,29_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_10.png,D,"Subglacial lakes modify glacial conditions and flow. This Review provides a global inventory of subglacial lakes, as well as outlining their settings, impacts and potential changes with a warming climate. See Livingstone et al.
Image: ARCTIC IMAGES/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_11.txt,vith,3_11.txt,"The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) underwent dramatic changes over the Holocene, impacting global sea levels. This Review discusses these pre-industrial Holocene changes and their drivers, as well as their relevance for current and future perturbations to the AIS. See Jones et al.
Image: Richard. S. Jones. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"Permafrost is warming and thawing at accelerating rates. This Focus issue and an accompanying online collection examines how permafrost is changing and the consequences for Earth and human systems. See Collection.
Image: peace portal photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"With continued anthropogenic warming, an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2) is inevitable. This Review outlines the various characteristics of an ice-free Arctic, highlighting that future emission trajectories will determine where, how frequently, and for how long the Arctic will be ice-free each year.
Image credit: Vicki Beaver / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,test
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_11.png,B,"The special issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism explores the mechanisms that regulate our appetite. Articles focus on central circuits
that control processes such as feeding, energy expenditure, and body weight, as well
as the brain-gut axis and the effect of gut derived peptides on appetite and satiety.
We are excited to bring to our readers the latest findings that underline important
unanswered questions, and present novel emerging areas requiring more exploration,
and might help create more effective therapeutic approaches. Image created by Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/24_11.txt,clip,24_11.txt,"Intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets have been gathering popularity
for their broad range of potential health benefits. In this issue, Paoli et al. (pp. 125–141)
discuss the similarities and differences in the mechanisms behind the effects of these
two interventions, whereas Ruppert and Kersten (pp. 107–124) focus on the impact of
fasting on hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. The cover depicts ketogenic
diet and fasting as complementary nutritional approaches. Cover credit: adapted from
lacaosa (ketogenic half) and Peter Dazeley (fasting half)/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_11.txt,groundtruth,35_11.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,ave_2,27_4.txt,"The special issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism explores the mechanisms that regulate our appetite. Articles focus on central circuits
that control processes such as feeding, energy expenditure, and body weight, as well
as the brain-gut axis and the effect of gut derived peptides on appetite and satiety.
We are excited to bring to our readers the latest findings that underline important
unanswered questions, and present novel emerging areas requiring more exploration,
and might help create more effective therapeutic approaches. Image created by Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/24_12.txt,ave_1,24_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.png,B,"‘Brain activity on the move’, inspired by the Perspective on p347.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_7.txt,vitg,24_7.txt,"‘Decoding speech’, inspired by the Review on p473.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"‘Neuroscience in natural contexts’, inspired by the Perspective on p809
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.txt,vith,25_1.txt,"COVER: ‘Hippocampal hieroglyphs’ inspired by the Review on p193
Credit: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_9.txt,clip,20_9.txt,val
Nature Protocols,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/20_1.png,B,"Plasma cell-free DNA methylomes
Artist’s impression of cancer cells releasing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the bloodstream. In this issue, Shen et al. provide the cfMeDIP-seq protocol for methylome profiling of plasma cfDNA.
See Shen et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_3.txt,vith,14_3.txt,"A bioswitchable delivery system for miRNA therapeutics
This image illustrates a bioswitchable delivery system designed to achieve controlled loading and release of miRNA regulators. A ribonuclease H-sensitive sequence functions as the bioswitchable apparatus, enabling release of the miRNA regulator upon ribonuclease H binding (green). See Li et al.
Image: Yunfeng Lin and Songhang Li, Sichuan University. Cover design: S. Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Probing the molecular context of proteins
This cover illustrates the applicability of the MAC (Multiple Approaches Combined)-tag system to probe the interactome and molecular context of the protein of interest. In this issue, Liu et al. describe a streamlined AP-MS and BioID protocol and a data analysis web tool that, together, provide an easy to way to interpret the subcellular distribution of any protein of interest.
See Liu et al.
Image: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio). Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_3.txt,ave_2,15_3.txt,"The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies.
See Walton et al.
Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_3.png,A,"Unveiling gut architecture using high-dimensional immunofluorescence
To visualize the niche of murine intestinal mononuclear phagocytes and their association with other immune and stromal cells, a ‘Swiss roll’ section of the distal portion of the small intestine was stained for CODEX-PhenoCycler multiplexed imaging. This method, in conjunction with the tissue-rolling technique, allows the gut architecture to be dissected at single-cell resolution. See Monasterio et al.
Image: David A. Bejarano & Andreas Schlitzer, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_3.txt,groundtruth,19_3.txt,"Intestinal organoid
Mouse intestinal organoid immunostained for proliferating cells (Ki67 in yellow), cell adhesion (p120 in pink) and nuclei (Hoechst in blue).
See Horvath et al.
Mindy Engevik, Baylor College of Medicine. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_11.txt,vith,18_11.txt,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,clip,20_2.txt,"3D confocal image of a human colon organoid.
Image of a human colon organoid immunolabeled for F-actin and E-cadherin and captured in 3D using the easy-to-use and fast protocol provided by Dekkers et al. in this issue of Nature Protocols.
See Dekkers et al.
Image: Johanna F. Dekkers and Anne C. Rios. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_7.txt,vitg,14_7.txt,train
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_3.png,B,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The strategically engineered N,O-codoped carbon spheres using molecularly designed polybenzoxazine particles are explored using a template-free colloidal technique. Evaluated in supercapacitor applications, the carbon material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, highlighting its potential for energy storage devices. The cover art has been prepared in part using an AI tool at https://copilot.microsoft.com/.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,"Cover art portrays the multifunctional membrane design comprising graphene (Gr) nanosheet and garnet solid-state electrolyte (SSE) that effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttling effect and adeptly promotes the Li-ion diffusion in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Due to the synergistic contributions of Gr and SSE, Purdue University's experimental battery research group and University of Calgary's solid-state materials research group successfully demonstrated ultrastable and high-rate Li–S batteries. The incorporation of SSE into the conductive Gr concept provides an innovative strategy to improve the electrochemical kinetics and reactions, opening a new method to advance the development of next generation Li–S batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_5.txt,clip,2018_5.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_4.png,D,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This study determined the efficacy of  carotenes in modulating molecular targets in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AMD in vitro model. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a panel of 17 human cancer cells and non-cancerous human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were treated with carotenes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carotenes in modulating oxidative stress, and its underlying molecular targets were also studied using bioinformatic analyses through reactome pathway analysis and targeted cell-based reporter assays.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,"The functional exploitation of wild medicinal plants by local stakeholders requires an in-depth quali–quantitative knowledge of their specialized metabolites. This is mandatory for pursuing sustainable and innovative value chains. In this context, field marigold from five neighboring Cilento coast locations represents our study case.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_403,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_403.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a technique by which cells can be engineered to bind to apoptotic cells and then internalize them, thus making nonphagocytic cells become phagocytic. The image depicts the engulfment of apoptotic cells (pink) by an engineered phagocytic cell (blue). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_334.txt,vitg,7_334.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on hedgehog signaling. The image shows cells close to and more distant from a source of the morphogen Sonic hedgehog. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_403.txt,groundtruth,2007_403.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Luo et al. show that the suppression of GIRK ion channels in the hippocampus is a driver of early amyloid-induced pathology in male mice but that enhancing GIRK activity is therapeutic at later stages in both male and female mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. The findings may have implications for understanding sex-dependent disease progression and devising treatment strategies in patients. The image shows a brain slice from a male mouse, indicating the presence of an injected expression vector in the hippocampus.   Image: Luo et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_856.txt,vith,17_856.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_579.txt,clip,12_579.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_1.png,A,"Small fragment molecules are vital for exploring receptor pharmacology and serve as building blocks for drug development. Advanced NMR techniques enable in situ identification of small-molecule ligands targeting receptors within native cell membranes, expanding drug discovery strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,vitg,2014_5.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,"This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis.  Image credit: Benyin Zhang",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt,vith,2017_6.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_21.png,C,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vith,2021_20.txt,The cover depicts N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) betaines as efficient organocatalysts for β-BL polymerization to produce light poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with well-defined Flory–Schulz molecular weight distributions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles.  Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_17.txt,clip,2023_17.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_6.png,B,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vith,46_1.txt,"Intrinsically generated bursts of neural activity induce maturation of
auditory neurons and shape the organization of future sound processing circuits during
an early developmental period, before acoustic information is transmitted to the inner
ear. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Calvin Kersbergen and Dwight Bergles
discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for spontaneous activity generation
within the developing cochlea and the functional roles of the resulting highly patterned
neural activity in promoting auditory circuit refinement and maturation. The cover
image
reflects the distinct spatial pattern of neural activation to varying sound pitch,
as shown
by distinct colors, within the auditory cortex of a mouse following ear canal opening
and
hearing onset. Image credit: Calvin Kersbergen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_6.txt,groundtruth,47_6.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,"Interoception, broadly speaking, refers to sensing and processing of signals that
emanate from within the body. The Trends in Neurosciences Special Issue “The Neuroscience of Interoception” includes a collection of Review
articles that examine the topic from different angles. The articles build upon a 2019
workshop on the same topic convened by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Blueprint
for Neuroscience Research. The first article in the collection, authored by the NIH
team, proposes a research framework for interoception research and highlights some
of the key challenges facing the field. The follow-up articles take a closer look
at interoception from the viewpoints of neural-circuits, function/physiology, disorders
of interoception, interventions, and computational modeling. Each of the articles
also presents venues for future progress in this growing and exciting area of research.
Cover image by the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_13.txt,clip,44_13.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_1.png,B,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,"In this Account, we summarize our ongoing research contributions, including (i) the design of flip-flop ligands and FDCs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.png,C,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,ave_1,2024_8.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,val
Caner Cell,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_11.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,"On the cover: Zhou et al. report the results of a phase 3 trial that demonstrates the efficacy and safety of
serplulimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced squamous
non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). The cover shows a collage of pathology slices
and lively colors that represent the complexity of the disease but also symbolize
how the results of this ASTRUM-004 study have invigorated research and innovation
in sqNSCLC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_9.png,B,"On the cover: This Special Issue of Cell Metabolism highlights six emerging themes in immunometabolism: similarities and differences
between cancer and immune metabolism, inflammasomes at the crossroads of immunity
and metabolism, gut microbial metabolites and immunity, metabolic regulation of T
cells and tumor immunotherapy, peripheral metabolic pathways regulating immune cell
functions, and myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming during innate immune responses.
The cover art by Ayaka Sugiura and submitted by Jeffrey Rathmell (pp. 49–70) highlights
the complex balance between metabolism and immunity in homeostasis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/26_6.txt,ave_2,26_6.txt,"On the cover: “Variability is the law of life, and as no two faces are the same, so
no two bodies are alike.”—Sir William Osler, 1903. Noone and Mucinski et al. outline the numerous factors contributing to individual response variation to exercise.
As the foundation of individual differences, intrinsic in sync with extrinsic factors
strongly impact health and response to exercise or treatment programs. Ultimately,
these factors must be synergistically considered for effective personalized preventative
medicine and greatest health outcomes. Image credit: Julia Saxton (julia.saxton@adventhealth.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_9.txt,groundtruth,36_9.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,clip,36_6.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,ave_1,31_6.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_28,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_28.png,C,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: C. Chen and G. M. Bollas, “Design and Scheduling of Semibatch Chemical-Looping Reactors” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05693); S. F. Cannone et al., “Solar-Powered Rankine Cycle Assisted by an Innovative Calcium Looping Process as an Energy Storage System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05605); and D. Bahamon et al., “Performance of Activated Carbons Derived from Date Seeds in CO2 Swing Adsorption Determined by Combining Experimental and Molecular Simulation Data” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05542).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_38.txt,vith,2020_38.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,Tertiary water effluents from wastewater treatment plants have the potential to provide the water that will be required to power a hydrogen economy. This cover image was created with the aid of OpenAI.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_28.txt,groundtruth,2024_28.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,train
Chemistry of Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_2.png,D,"oxychalcogenide (Cu2S2)(Sr3Sc2O5), a promising p",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2010_20.txt,clip,2010_20.txt,",",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2013_12.txt,vitg,2013_12.txt,"anion that perplexed the chemistry community for more than a hundred years. By combining high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis with comprehensive characterization methods guided by first-principles theory, cesium pentazolate salt containing N5",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2017_23.txt,vith,2017_23.txt,"Anthracene decomposes in a lanthanum-rich melt, providing a source of carbon and interstitial hydrogen for the metal flux synthesis of new compounds. This enabled the crystal growth of La3BC2H1.7, a new superconductor. Part of the image was generated using ImageFX.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_2.png,D,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"On the cover: Baker and Alvarez investigated local pH modification for urea electro-oxidation in bulk-neutral media.
The image shows co-located electrodes with gas bubbles generated on the surface. It
is reminiscent of hydrogen evolution during the urea electro-oxidation reaction on
interdigitated electrodes. The color gradient is a reference to the simulation results
depicting pH variation along the surface. The image was created by Mr. Eric Proctor,
Visual Information Specialist at DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_10.png,C,"The testing search for technosignatures
Artist's impression of artificial lights on a hypothetical Earth-like planet in the Proxima Centauri system. Breakthrough Listen's search for technosignatures (signs of technology developed by extraterrestrial intelligence) scanned the Proxima Centauri system for artificial radio signals using the Parkes Telescope in Australia. Two papers in this issue of Nature Astronomy report the analysis of ""BLC1"", a candidate technosignature found in the data.
See Price et al.
Image: Breakthrough Listen / Danielle Futselaar Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_2.txt,vitg,5_2.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,"Four eyes see better than one
Two thousand hours of observations split between four 25–32 m telescopes have produced a comprehensive overview of the high-energy radio emission from repeating fast radio burst source FRB 20201124A. The burst characteristics resemble those of non-repeating burst sources, suggesting a link.
See Kirsten et al.
Image: D. Futselaar/ASTRON/Chalmers/IA NCU/Astropeiler e.V/CC BY 2.0. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/9_1.png,A,"Potent and safer editing via nanoparticle-delivered ribonucleoprotein
This issue highlights advances in genome editing, including the enhancement of the efficiency and precision of base editing and prime editing, the optimization of the delivery of genome editors and the reduction of off-target effects.
The cover illustrates lipid nanoparticles optimized for enhancing the stability, delivery efficiency and editing potency of ribonucleoproteins for base editing and prime editing.
See Hołubowicz et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Samuel W. Du, University of California, Irvine and Yekaterina Kadyzhevskaya, University of Southern California. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells
This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.
The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.
See Stranford et al.
Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,ave_1,8_9.txt,"Patient-specific 3D-printed cardiac plugs
This issue highlights a personalized cardiovascular occluder made via 3D printing, a cloud-based machine-learning software for the prediction of CRISPR–Cas9 off-target effects, a stem-cell-based approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and engineered microbes for cancer chemoprevention.
The cover illustrates a 3D-printed personalized occluder for closing the heart’s left atrial appendage so as to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
See Robinson et al.
Image: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"Early cancer diagnosis
This focus issue highlights advances in the isolation of cancer biomarkers in blood and in diagnostic or imaging probes for the early detection of cancer.
The cover illustrates a lipid-based nanoprobe for the isolation of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (Article; News &amp; Views).
Image by Xin Zou, Yuan Wan and Si-Yang Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_7.png,A,"An overview of chemical reactions activated by plasma, including oxidation, reduction, copolymerization and polymerization, elimination, addition, isomerization, and rearrangement reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,val
ACS Nano,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_7.png,A,"Optical forces are utilized to enable the rapid and controllable transport of subcellular structures, such as organelles, within the natural tunneling nanotube structures between cells, which serve as biological conveyor belts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"Protein structure and function can be compromised by mechanical stress. However, covalent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2016_11.txt,clip,2016_11.txt,"The cover article describes the fabrication of large-area homogeneous amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with vivid, noniridescent structural colors by atomization deposition of colloidal nanoparticles. Owing to the fine thickness-controlled capability, heterogeneous APSs and additive mixing of noniridescent structural colors were realized. Furthermore, three-dimensional conformal coating on flexible substrates with curved surfaces, such as textiles, is obtained in one step due to omnidirectional coating.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2018_9.txt,vith,2018_9.txt,http://vaults.arc2.ucla.edu/MovieS2.htm,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2014_2.txt,vitg,2014_2.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_6.png,A,"To germinate in nature, orchid seeds strictly rely on seed germination-promoting
orchid mycorrhizal fungi (sgOMF) for provision of carbon nutrients. The
pathway for delivering these nutrients, however, remains elusive. Da-Ke Zhao, Zong-Min
Mou, and Yong-Ling Ruan present a model that explains how sugar is transported from
sgOMF to orchid embryonic cells to fuel germination. The proposed model serves as
a
launch pad for further research to better understand and improve orchid seed germination
and conservation. Image credit (public domain, National Gallery of Art): Painting
by Martin
Johnson Heade, Cattleya Orchid and Three Hummingbirds, 1871 (detail).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_6.txt,groundtruth,29_6.txt,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"On The Cover: There has been a long-standing question in seed research why cyanide, a respiration
inhibitor, breaks seed dormancy. While the alternative respiratory pathway and reactive
oxygen species have been suggested to be part of the mechanism, the cell biological
and mechanistic significance of this paradox remains unclear. On pages 989–998 Hiroyuki
Nonogaki presents a coherent model for ABA signaling in seeds, which could also address
the old paradox in seed research. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_2.txt,clip,24_2.txt,"Plants have always been a crucial resource for humans. This relationship between humans
and plants is addressed in ethnobotany, a discipline, located at the interface of
natural and social sciences. On pages 187–191 Teresa Garnatje, Josep Peñuelas, and
Joan Vallès propose a new term, ethnobotanical convergence, to refer to the similar
uses for plants included in the same node of a phylogeny. This phylogenetic approach
together with the ‘omics’ revolution holds promise for combining modern technologies
with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to identify new potential applications of
plants. Image credit: Á. Fernández-Llamazares, S. Garcia, T. Garnatje, A. Gras, N.
Gras, M. Parada, J. Peñuelas, V. Reyes-García, J. Vallès.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_1.png,C,"The bispecific antibody landscape, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.txt,clip,23_9.txt,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"Targeting the TNF and TNFR superfamilies, inspired by the Review on p939.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_1.txt,groundtruth,23_1.txt,"Antibody–drug conjugates in cancer, inspired by the Review on p641.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_5.txt,vith,22_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_9.png,A,"Sounds are generated by interactions between objects in the world. In this Review, Winkler & Denham describe how representations of sources and actions enable humans to segment complex auditory experience into meaningful units.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_9.txt,groundtruth,3_9.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,ave_2,3_2.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Hearing voices has long been associated with severe mental illness, but also occurs in the general population. This Review describes the cognitive, neural, personal, and sociocultural processes that contribute to voice-hearing in clinical, non-clinical, and everyday experience, with an emphasis on linking mechanism to phenomenology. See Toh et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_11.txt,vitg,1_11.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_3.png,C,"The illustration on the cover shows intracellular lipid droplets (LDs), which are key organelles regulating lipid and energy homeostasis. Based on a thiophene-containing ladder-type polycyclic scaffold, the authors have developed a fluorescent chemical probe for detecting LDs in living cells. The high LD selectivity and the outstandingly high photostability of the probe enables the visualization of ultra-small LDs by STED nanoscopy as well as long-term imaging of individual LD dynamics during biologically important lipid metabolic processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_12.txt,vith,2021_12.txt,"In the article featured on the cover, the authors report the synthesis of an ionic liquid consisting of a polymerizable methacrylate with a thermally-labile Diels−Alder linkage between the ion-containing side chain and the polymer backbone. The cover illustration shows how, under UV light, the ionic liquid can be polymerized, and can then be induced to release ions in response to a thermal trigger. This ion release results in a clear increase in mobile ion content at the retro-Diels−Alder temperature which is retained after the material is returned to room temperature. This type of ""triggerable"" polymerizable ionic liquid has promise in next-generation responsive electronic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_9.txt,vitg,2020_9.txt,This work introduces a biohybrid system for in situ synthesis of CdS by Shewanella putrefaciens under photo-assisted enhancement for the purification of uranium mine wastewater. This study deepens the understanding of electron transfer pathways and physiological metabolic activities in a biohybrid system and provides an important reference for the purification of uranium mine wastewater.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,train
Immunity,57_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_2.png,B,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: Innate immune memory is a phenomenon whereby past inflammatory responses
lead to establishment of epigenetic memory that affects secondary immune responses.
In this issue, Lercher et al. demonstrate that past SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) infection facilitates antiviral innate immune
memory in alveolar macrophages (AMs), which is necessary and sufficient to ameliorate
disease caused by the unrelated respiratory virus influenza A virus (IAV). This is
illustrated by initial infection with SARS2 (top left; teal virus), leading to epigenetic
remodeling of naive AMs (purple) and formation of memory AMs (teal) that are better
equipped to limit disease caused by secondary IAV (bottom right; pink virus). Image
credit: Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_2.txt,groundtruth,57_2.txt,"On the cover: It has become clear that tissue-resident immune cells not only impact
immunity within that tissue, but also have roles in organ function and tissue homeostasis.
In turn, non-immune cells within tissues play important roles in immune responses
and impact the nature and identity of resident immune cells. In this issue of Immunity, we present three review articles that discuss the interactions of immune and non-immune
cells within tissues. Guilliams and colleagues (434–451) discuss the organizing principles
of the macrophage niche, including mutually beneficial cell-cell circuits between
tissue-resident macrophages and stromal niche cells. Diefenbach and colleagues (452–463)
propose a conceptual framework positing that the various types of tissue-resident
innate lymphoid cells act in distinct modules with intestinal epithelial cells, promoting
homeostasis and collectively safeguarding organ function. Artis and colleagues (464–474)
review the complex interactions between the immune and the nervous systems and argue
for the importance of integrating neuro-immune circuits, local and systemic, into
our thinking of an immune response. The cover depicts macrophage niches as individual
houses in a village, wherein macrophages (in red) live long and happy lives. A fibroblast
(in green) helps a circulating monocyte (on grey buoys) access an empty niche. Monocytes
that do not get access to a macrophage niche will continue to drift in the circulation
and will not become tissue resident macrophages. Image courtesy of Martin Guilliams.
Artwork by Sigrid Knemeyer and Matt Crotts from SciStories, LLC (www.scistories.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/52_4.txt,ave_2,52_4.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_102,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_102.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Waves of IgA Regulate the Intestinal Microbiota. This month’s cover depicts the dynamic interplay between immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the commensal microbiota in the intestinal lumen. Penny and Domingues et al. report that secretory IgA exhibits daily rhythms in its release from lamina propria plasma cells into the intestinal tract, which are controlled by signals provided by food and the circadian clock. These “waves” of IgA regulate the daily oscillations in the relative abundance of commensal gut microbes to help maintain gut homeostasis. Credit: Helena Pinheiro",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_75.txt,vitg,7_75.txt,"ONLINE COVER Teaming Up to Defend. Depicted here are CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs, green), which resist infection by enveloped viruses (yellow spheres), and CD1c+ DCs (orange), which are susceptible to infection. Silvin et al. report that CD141+ DCs acquire viral antigen from infected CD1c+ DCs and prime antiviral T cell responses. [CREDIT: RENAUD CHABRIER, WWW.RENAUDCHABRIR.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_13.txt,clip,2_13.txt,"ONLINE COVER How Helminths Evade the Immune System. Approximately one-third of humans are infected by worm-like parasites called helminths, which have developed multiple strategies to evade immune-mediated destruction. Bohnacker et al. studied mice infected with the murine intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) to define parasite-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion. They report that helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (heGDH) targets macrophages by inducing production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other immunomodulatory molecules. heGDH also suppresses leukotriene synthesis, which prevents alternative macrophage and T helper 2 (TH2) cell activation. This is yet another strategy devised by helminths to suppress antiparasite immune responses and thereby facilitate the establishment of chronic infections. This month’s cover features an adult female Hpb in the center, flanked by adult Hpb males with their characteristic caudal bursae on the left and right sides, crescent-shaped Hpb larvae from various stages surrounding the adults, and Hpb eggs in the four corners of the image. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_102.txt,groundtruth,9_102.txt,"ONLINE COVER Treating a Primary Immunodeficiency with CRISPR. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a range of inherited, sometimes fatal, inflammatory diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cytotoxic machinery of immune cells. Li et al. developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)–based CRISPR–Cas9 system combined with nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibition to repair memory T cells from perforin (Prf1)-deficient mice as well as from pediatric patients with FHL2 (PRF1 deficiency) or FHL3 (Munc13-4/UNC13D deficiency). Repaired mouse T cells could then prevent or cure FHL2-like disease in Prf1-knockout mice triggered by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–driven B cell hyperproliferation. This month’s cover illustration depicts CRISPR–Cas9–mediated repair of a cytotoxic T cell (red), which allows it to secrete normal cytotoxic granules (pink) and effectively kill virally infected B cells (blue). Credit: A. Fisher/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_92.txt,ave_0,9_92.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_15.png,C,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"On the cover: The image shows examples of 3D epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), which model
the early gastrulating mouse epiblast, arranged artistically. The general structure
of the 3D EpiSCs is depicted by F-actin staining (sepia) and a nuclear DAPI staining
(cyan). Cells that express the primitive streak marker Brachyury are shown in magenta.
To learn more about how these cells emerge in homogenous culture conditions and provide
insight into early mouse development, see Sato et al. Image credit: Marta Shahbazi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_15.txt,groundtruth,59_15.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_1,57_15.txt,val
ACS Materials Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.png,C,"High-precision printing using gold nanoparticle ink, characterized by its low-temperature sintering capacity, presents a promising frontier for advancing flexible printed and wearable electronic technologies. The cover features the investigation and optimization of a water-based gold nanoparticle ink formulation tailored for utilization in aerosol jet and inkjet printers, specifically for applications within printed electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,This cover features Co-substituted polyoxotungstate anions attached to the surface of TiO2 via aminopropyltriethoxysilane linkers that enable robust covalent binding. The heterogenized clusters serve as an O2 evolution co-catalyst and promote stable light-driven water oxidation catalysis photosensitized by the semiconducting support.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_3.txt,ave_2,2022_3.txt,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_3.png,D,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_1,29_3.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,"For decades, the field of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo)
has connected mechanisms driving variation in embryonic development with the
evolution of biodiversity. In this issue, Leslie Babonis argues that extending the
Evo-Devo
framework to single cells using new technologies makes it possible to understand the
origin and diversification of cells. Image credit: mikroman6/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_3.txt,groundtruth,40_3.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_27,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_27.png,D,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Z. Bao et al., “Selective Hydrogenation of the C8 Aromatic Fraction of Pyrolysis Gasoline over NiZn3/α-Al2O3: Experimental and Modeling Studies” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06476); J. R. Shah et al., “Ammonia Synthesis via Atmospheric Plasma Catalysis: Zeolite 5A, a Case of Study” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05220); and R. G. Keller et al., “Hydrotropic Solutions Enable Homogeneous Fenton Treatment of Lignin” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06607).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_43.txt,vith,2020_43.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Sarkar and Bhowmick, “Terpene-Based Sustainable Elastomers: Vulcanization and Reinforcement Characteristics” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00163); Park et al., “Low Temperature Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Ce-Modified NiNb Catalysts” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00531); Shi et al., “Investigating Agglomeration Behaviors in High Temperature Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds with Liquid Injection” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00311); and Paduszyński, “Thermodynamic Modeling of Multicomponent Liquid–Liquid Equilibria in Ionic Liquid Systems with PC-SAFT Equation of State” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00175)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_37.txt,clip,2018_37.txt,A visible light photocatalyst-triggered Click reaction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_27.txt,groundtruth,2024_27.txt,test
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_5.png,D,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,ave_1,2025_1.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"The authors develop a nonlinear optical imaging technique, which can rapidly visualize hidden interfacial defects in on-chip integrated microdevices. This technique provides a noninvasive means to boost the yield rate of on-chip integrations when being deployed in the production line for in-situ monitoring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_10.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p4
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_12.txt,vith,24_12.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"COVER: inspired by the Perspective on p447.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_6.txt,vitg,23_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on 165.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_2.png,C,"This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_9.txt,clip,2020_9.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,ave_1,2024_2.txt,"Environmental stability determines the degradation of metal–organic frameworks. The unstable Zn-BDC released Zn2+ and induced cytotoxicity to nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii. Zn-BDC directly disturbed the ribosome pathway, and lowered the expression level of nitrogen fixation nif cluster genes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,Using Cultured Cells To Predict Chemical Toxicity in Humans. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_2.txt,ave_2,2016_2.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_34,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_34.png,B,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,This work presents grafting of a CuCo alloy bimetallic nanoparticle over g-C3N4 for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical contaminant ibuprofen and H2 gas evolution by water splitting.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_34.txt,groundtruth,2024_34.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,test
Trends in Genetics,40_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_6.png,C,"Although Mendelian inheritance describes much of heredity, there is an increasing
awareness that epigenetics can contribute to short-term inheritance. On pages 176–186
of this issue of Trends in Genetics, Jana Lim and Anne Brunet review evidence for
transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms
for this phenomenon. They highlight instances where parental and grandparental metabolic
and environmental stress as well as exposure to viruses can alter later generations
through changes to histone modifications and small non-coding RNAs. Cover image by
©iStockphoto.com/dblight.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_11.txt,vith,29_11.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"Wild grape (Vitis) species (e.g., Vitis berlandieri, photo) thrive in diverse climates and soils across the Northern Hemisphere. Wild
Vitis spp. have proven crucial
for their resilience to environmental and biological challenges faced by grape production
worldwide. Incorporating adaptive traits from Vitis spp. will be essential for viticulture's
future survival and adaptability. Cantu et al. describe how phased diploid genomes and
graph-based pangenomes of wild Vitis spp. have led to breakthroughs in understanding
grape evolution and the genetic bases of adaptive traits. Photo by Dario Cantù.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_6.txt,groundtruth,40_6.txt,"The recent sequencing of a number of crop genomes provides unprecedented opportunities
for genomic studies in natural populations of related species. The wild relatives
of maize, collectively known as teosinte, comprise a varied study system that can
be used to investigate a number of longstanding ecological and population genetic
questions. On pages 606–615, Matthew Hufford, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra and colleagues describe
recent and ongoing genome-scale research on domestication, introgression, and local
adaptation in teosinte. The cover shows teosinte seeds enclosed in their tough outer
fruitcase that, through the process of domestication, became the cob of maize. Cover
image by Matthew Hufford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/28_1.txt,vitg,28_1.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.png,C,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,ave_1,2024_8.txt,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,val
ACS Macro Letters,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.png,C,"The introduction of crown ether at the terminus marks a novel and effective strategy to not only elevate message readability, but also to increase the information storage capacity of digital polymers, leveraging a simple and classical property of crown ether since its discovery by a great chemist, Charles Pedersen, in 1967.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_5.txt,vith,2024_5.txt,See page 206.  Image courtesy of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2013_10.txt,clip,2013_10.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Protein coronas influence the specific targeting of functionalized polymer particles. See page 1259. Image courtesy of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2015_2.txt,ave_1,2015_2.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.png,C,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,vitg,2023_2.txt,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,groundtruth,2023_4.txt,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_5.png,A,"A composite film composed of liquid crystal polymer networks and polyvinylidene fluoride doped with carbon nanopowders exhibits a roll angle change of 235° under the midday sun during summer. It demonstrates phototactic and light-avoiding rolling behavior, indicating",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Graphics collage collected from the articles published in the Forum on AIE Materials: (top to bottom) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (15), pp 12217",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_36.txt,ave_1,2018_36.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,clip,2015_41.txt,"is enabled by Ag–N dynamic bonding between AgNWs and the bipyridyl-modified PDMS substrate, which provides insights on future designs of electronic skin integrating mechanical and electrical self-healing capability in wearable optoelectronic devices. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2020_51.txt,vitg,2020_51.txt,test
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_5.png,D,"Structures of human APOBEC3A and an APOBEC3A/3B chimera bound to ssDNA reveal a U-shaped binding mode and provide insight into target selectivity. Cover shows the Moselschleife bei Bremm. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, image from studioworxx / iStock / Getty Images Plus. (p 131, News and Views p 97)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_11.txt,vitg,24_11.txt,"DPPA2/4 safeguard bivalency
DPPA2 and DPPA4 maintain bivalency at developmental gene promoters and protect them from DNA methylation, keeping them poised for future lineage-specific activation.
See article Reik and article Hackett
Image: Szymon Migaj / EyeEm / Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_5.txt,clip,27_5.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vith,31_12.txt,"Wanderlust kinetics in proteins
In a study by Jiang et al., the authors develop a method to analyze isolated molecules of amino acid transporter GltPh using high-speed atomic force microscopy. The work provides insights into the transporter’s activity mode switching, termed wanderlust kinetics.
See Jiang et al.
Image credit: Moritz Wolf / imageBROKER GmbH & Co. KG / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_5.txt,groundtruth,31_5.txt,val
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_3.png,C,"Progress on Identifying and Characterizing the Human Proteome: 2018 Metrics from the HUPO Human Proteome Project (Omenn, G. S.; Lane, L.; Overall, C. M.; Corrales, F. J.; Schwenk, J. M.; Paik, Y. K.; Van Eyk, J. E.; Liu, S.; Snyder, M.; Baker, M. S.; Deutsch, E. W., J. Proteome Res",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2018_1.txt,ave_1,2018_1.txt,Proteomic analysis of human urinary exosome was successfully achieved with chemical affinity enrichment toward the phosphatidylserine exposure on the exosomal surface by molecular imprinting. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.txt,vitg,2025_3.txt,A proteomic analysis of plasma samples using data-independent acquisition (DIA) methodology was conducted to shed light on the pathogenesis of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Picking up contaminant proteins from the proteome ocean. New protein contaminant FASTA and spectral libraries were established and were proven to benefit both DDA and DIA proteomics. New contaminant protein libraries are freely available and should be included in all bottom-up proteomics data analysis pipelines. Cover art designed by the Ling Hao research group and completed by the Robert Gates Graphics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/24_2.png,B,"Complex element coupling expands materials capabilities
Increasing compositional complexity expands the space of manipulating materials properties, bringing both opportunities and challenges to design and processing.
See Xue et al. & Editorial
Image: background, Yuichiro Chino / Moment / Getty; structure, Hang Xue & Chong Yang, Xi’an Jiaotong University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/22_9.txt,vith,22_9.txt,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"Nanoscale environments created by topological defects in liquid crystals can serve as a template for the self-assembly of molecular amphiphiles within the defects.
Article p106; News & Views p10
IMAGE: NICHOLAS ABBOTT GROUP
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_12.txt,ave_2,15_12.txt,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_1.txt,clip,24_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.png,D,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,vitg,2019_12.txt,A series of biocompatible nanocarriers (PCNCs) stabilized by a blend of lipid-based surface-active ionic liquid and Tween-80 are reported on the transdermal delivery of antigenic protein (ovalbumin) for tumor immunotherapy,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_7.txt,ave_2,2022_7.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,test
ACS Measurement Science Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.png,C,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,ave_3,2022_2.txt,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"A prototype smartphone-based device for flow cytometry has been developed, and its operation is facilitated by the use of brightly photoluminescent supra-nanoparticle assemblies of colloidal quantum dots. Cells are immunolabeled with different colors of these assemblies to be classified and enumerated. Cover art by W. Russ Algar.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.png,B,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_6.png,D,"Closing in on plant-based actuators
With the help of conformable electrodes, a Venus flytrap can be converted into an on-demand actuator that can be wirelessly controlled via a smartphone and has a power input of only 10−5 W. The cover shows a photograph of the conformable electrodes on the epidermis of open and closed Venus flytraps.
See Li et al. and News & Views by Volkov
Image: Xiaodong Chen, Nanyang Technological University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"Electronic skins lead the way
An electronic-skin compass, which is fabricated on 6-μm-thick polymeric foils and accommodates magnetic field sensors based on the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect, allows a person to orient with respect to Earth’s magnetic field and to manipulate objects in virtual reality. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of the compass under a bending radius of 200 μm.
See Makarov et al. and News & Views by Heidari
Image: Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf e.V. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,"Implantable micro-LEDs take control
Implantable optoelectronic devices, which are based on microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) and are capable of wireless power harvesting, offer precise control over their optical output for use in complex optogenetic experiments. The cover shows a photograph of one of these flexible devices balanced on a finger.
See Gutruf et al. and News & Views by Sohal
Image: Philipp Gutruf, The University of Arizona. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"Light-touch electronics with a spin
Imperceptible electronic fibres can be tethered to biological surfaces with an orbital spinning technique and used to create on-skin electrodes that can detect electrocardiogram signals, skin-gated organic electrochemical transistors, and augmented touch and plant interfaces. The photograph on the cover shows the fibres on one person’s finger, where they can be used to record electrocardiograms of another person by touching the other person’s finger.
See Wang et al. and News & Views by Wan et al.
Image: Wenyu Wang and Yuan Shui, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,val
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_12.png,C,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,"This month marks the 40th anniversary of TiBS. To celebrate, we offer a special issue
that is focused on a rapidly-advancing area that spans the full scope of TiBS: macromolecular
complexes. The cover design compares the cell to a birthday party, with each of the
complexes acting as players in the scene. As the cover suggests, we include Reviews
on the nuclear pore complex, dynein, GroEL-GroES, the proteasome, and many more. Cover
design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_14.txt,vith,41_14.txt,"UFMylation is the most recently identified ubiquitin-like modification. On
pages 52−67 in this issue, Zhou et al. review recent advances in the understanding of
the biochemical and structural bases of this post-translational protein modification
and
highlight the various intertwined cellular processes tightly controlled by UFMylation.
They
point out some of the outstanding research questions that will need to be addressed
to decipher the physiological importance of this modification and for evaluating the
potential of its pharmacological targeting. Cover image by Dr Elodie Lafont.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_12.txt,groundtruth,49_12.txt,"Cellular metabolism consists of a complex network of enzymes and metabolites that
respond to a variety of stimuli, and deregulation of these networks is found in many
diseases. In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Sarah-Maria Fendt, Juan Fernandez-Garcia and colleagues share examples of how
stable-isotopes can be used to follow cellular metabolism in vivo, as well as discuss the experimental approaches and data interpretations of these
results. Backgroundcover image source: GettyImages/gremlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_10.txt,clip,45_10.txt,test
Cell Metabolism,36_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_11.png,B,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,ave_2,31_6.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, Ashcroft et al. review evidence detailing how exercise induces cardiometabolic health benefits across
multiple tissues. The cover centers around a running silhouette, which serves to highlight
the central importance of acute and chronic exercise interventions in the prevention
of metabolic disease. The exercising silhouette is set upon a background of symbols
and colors, which represent the adaptations that occur at a cellular level across
multiple tissues. Image by Mattias Karlén.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_11.txt,groundtruth,36_11.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,clip,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,ave_1,29_2.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_6.png,A,"Structured light beams are scattered by a suspension of high-Z nanoparticles before hitting the detector, illustrating their production of dark-field image contrast via X-ray scattering using a 2D-beam tracking approach.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"This cover shows a three-dimensionally rendered ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope image of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecular chains on an epitaxial graphene surface. PCDA is used as a template for growing sub-10 nm oxide nanostructures on graphene via atomic layer deposition. Justice M. P. Alaboson, Chun-Hong Sham, Sumit Kewalramani, Jonathan D. Emery, James E. Johns, Aparna Deshpande, TeYu Chien, Michael J. Bedzyk, Jeffrey W. Elam, Michael J. Pellin, and Mark C. Hersam, pp 5763.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2013_1.txt,clip,2013_1.txt,"On the Cover: Depiction of an antireflection-coated grating solar cell that surpasses the absorption characteristics of traditional solar cell designs by coupling into specific optical modes. Calculated electron-hole generation rates, obtained by integrating absorption from the AM 1.5 solar spectrum, are shown within the absorbing layer. Jeremy N. Munday and Harry A. Atwater. p 2195.   View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2011_7.txt,vith,2011_7.txt,"The nanomasking method enables fabrication of  hollow nanoparticles with dual-scale porosity on the shell, which efficiently  encapsulate macromolecular cargos such as immunogenic non-human enzymes filled  through mesopores into a hollow interior, shielding them from antibodies and proteases  once the mesopores are sealed with nanoporous material. The cover image shows an  artistic 3D model of these nanoparticles while enzymes are diffusing through  mesopores on the surface (upper left). The nanomasking method provides  independent control of the particle permeability and size and, at the same  time, yields monodisperse nanoparticles as shown in the electron micrograph of  multiple nanoparticles with diameters around 430 nm (center). A  close-up electron micrograph of an individual nanoparticle with a  diameter of 430 nm reveals the precise control that can be achieved by the  technique (bottom right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2014_7.txt,vitg,2014_7.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_7.png,A,A light-emitting diode based on an organic polymer crystal generates circular-polarized emission from topological photonic valleys. It can be used for virtual reality and 3D displays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,"Reticular synthesis and the supermolecular building layer approach are successfully implemented for the construction of expanded HKUST-1-like tbo-topology metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic strong CH4 adsorption sites. The Cu analogue shows the highest reported CH4 uptake among the tbo family, comparable to those of the best-performing MOFs for CH4 storage.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_47.txt,vitg,2016_47.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,test
NATURE METHODS,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_10.png,D,"The cover image shows Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence meristems expressing fluorescent protein reporters and stained with a vital dye. The image is a blend between raw confocal microscopy data and a three-dimensional rendering of cells segmented using the MARS algorithm. Cover design by Erin Dewalt based on an image provided by Christophe Godin. Article p547, News and Views p506",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Special Feature: Nature Methods turns 15!
This month we celebrate the fifteen-year anniversary of Nature Methods. The cover artwork comprises images from previous covers of Nature Methods throughout the years.
Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_3.txt,ave_3,16_3.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,"Brighter autonomous bioluminescence
Autonomously glowing Arabidopsis thaliana plants express an improved version of the fungal bioluminescence pathway.
See Shakhova et al.
Image: Tatiana Karataeva, Planta LLC. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_12.png,C,https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,", 11 (9), 4643",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2012_4.txt,ave_1,2012_4.txt,"The molecular environment of colorectal cancer can be compared to a localized oceanic system, where the fishing boat's light symbolizes transcriptomics technology and the diver's headlamp signifies proteomics technology. With the simultaneous utilization of both of these cutting-edge technologies, we can effectively and accurately observe changes in the molecular phenotype of colorectal cancer. Cover art designed by Jingjing Liu and completed by Jing Yuang Chao Feng.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"2023 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Accelerating Research With New and Evolving Open Source Software (Hoopmann, M.R.; Schwämmle, V.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2023, 22(2), 285",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_11.txt,clip,2023_11.txt,val
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_24.png,B,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"This cover art features a striking depiction of mitochondria emerging from a scientific paper adorned with illustrations of F0-ATPase and drugs. Scientists delve into groundbreaking research, seeking a cure for ischemia",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.png,A,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,groundtruth,26_4.txt,"Stem cells and infection
Malaria affects HSCs and the bone marrow niche
See Haltalli et al..
Image: Image acquired by Myriam Haltalli at Imperial College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_1.txt,vith,22_1.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,vitg,22_3.txt,Dicer-deficient cells have multiple spindles (green) and undergo aberrant mitosis. cover design: Lawrence Keogh,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_390,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_390.png,A,COVER This week features a Perspective on circadian signaling in the regulation of plant transpiration. [Image: Julie White],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_390.txt,groundtruth,2007_390.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_579.txt,clip,12_579.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that discusses divergent roles for members of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases in the regulation of the circadian clock by effects in different cellular organelles. The image is an artist's representation of a cell centered on the nucleus and divided into a light and dark side, representing the circadian rhythm. [Image: C. Bickel/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_342.txt,vitg,7_342.txt,"ONLINE COVER In a Research Resource this week, Rigbolt et al. report a system-wide analysis of temporal changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome of human stem cells as they begin to undergo nondirected differentiation. The image is a representation of this systems-level study, with the ""stopwatch"" in the center representing the temporal nature of the data, the first bubble depicting human embryonic stem cells in culture, the second bubble depicting molecular structure of a chemical inducer of differentiation, the graph representing the coordinated changes in protein phosphorylation, and the phylogenetic tree representing a bioinformatic analysis of the changes in the proteome. The background image shows representative mass spectrometry data. [Image: Kristoffer Rigbolt, University of Southern Denmark]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_164.txt,ave_1,4_164.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_10.png,C,"Individuals who are transgender or nonbinary experience a higher prevalence of certain mental health concerns. In this Review, Tebbe and Budge discuss these disparities along with factors that protect these individuals from negative outcomes and promote well-being.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"In this Review, Luhmann et al. summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across time and space and consider macro-level factors that might account for these differences.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_12.txt,ave_3,2_12.txt,"A sense of belonging can provide LGBTQ+ people with the opportunity to thrive and promote psychological well-being. In this Review, Matsick et al. summarize factors that influence belonging based on sexual orientation and gender.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_10.txt,groundtruth,3_10.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,val
Nature Astronomy,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_3.png,B,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,"Decoding a galaxy’s past with AI
Constraining the intrinsic and extrinsic stellar mass in a galaxy unlocks its merger history. Here, using the power of artificial intelligence, the authors do this for 10,000 galaxies, finding traits that can be used to characterize even larger samples.
See Angeloudi et al.
Image: Gabriel Pérez Díaz (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), image background: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Dwarf galaxies punching above their weight
Despite their diminutive size (the Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte galaxy, pictured on the cover, is one tenth the size of the Milky Way), dwarf galaxies have emerged as key laboratories for studying open questions in several areas of astrophysics. This issue launches a Collection of short articles on dwarf galaxies, to which we will add both short and long pieces over time.
See the Collection on dwarf galaxies
Image: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/CTIO/Local Group Survey Team. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,test
Immunity,58_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/58_2.png,C,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_2.txt,groundtruth,58_2.txt,"On the cover: The immune system and the nervous system were once viewed as distinct,
but it is increasingly clear that they are closely interconnected and that they interact
in a myriad of complex ways during development, homeostasis, and disease. In this
issue of Immunity, we present five review articles that highlight the connections between the immune
system and the nervous system and describe the unique roles of the cells that function
at their interface. Hunter and Klein (891–909) discuss the protective and pathological
responses of innate and adaptive immune cells within the blood-brain barrier during
infections of the central nervous system. Yoo and Mazmanian (910–926) explain the
anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system and highlight its essential role
in regulating microbe-induced immune responses in the gut. Tracey and colleagues (927–942)
discuss the interactions between afferent (sensory) neurons and the immune system
along with the role of efferent (motor) neuronal pathways in regulating immunity.
They also highlight exciting new therapeutic possibilities for bioelectronics devices
in treating inflammatory diseases. Kipnis and colleagues (943–956) focus on the important
relationship between myeloid cells and the central nervous system during homeostasis
and the consequences of their dysregulation during disease. Finally, Liddelow and
Barres (957–967) discuss recent findings indicating that immune cells release cytokines
after injury and disease that activate astrocytes to one of at least two reactive
states—one harmful (A1), and one helpful (A2)—and highlight methods for identifying
and purifying reactive astrocytes. The cover illustration depicts purified rat astrocytes
in culture undergoing a transition from a resting state to a neurotoxic A1 reactive
state. Image by Shane Liddelow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/46_1.txt,ave_2,46_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_20.png,B,"On the cover: This image shows a developing human forebrain organoid at day 60, which
has a “tree-like” structure. Neural progenitor cells are marked by SOX2 (green), lysosomes
are marked by LAMP1 (white), and nuclei are marked by DAPI (blue). During the development
of embryonic neocortex, there are abundant endolysosomes in the neural progenitor
cells near the ventricle. Using our analogy to a tree, they function like roots, absorbing
nutrients from the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle to maintain the proliferative
capacity of the neural progenitor cells. As differentiated intermediate progenitor
cells and neurons migrate upward along the “trunk,” the cortical plate is formed.
To learn more about how lysosomal dynamics regulate neurogenesis, see Zou et al. Image credit: Yuqing Lv and Wenzheng Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_24.txt,clip,59_24.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a human renal organoid derived from induced pluripotent
stem cells at day 14 of the protocol. The convoluted epithelial tube of the forming
nephron is visible, with the apical side labeled by staining for ZO1 (in yellow) and
the basal side of the cells labeled by staining for integrin beta-1 (in magenta).
Nuclei of both epithelial and surrounding mesenchymal cells are labeled by DAPI staining
(in blue), and cells fated to become nephrons are labeled by staining for the transcription
factor HNF1B. To learn more about mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in renal development,
see Ng-Blichfeldt et al. Image credit: John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_20.txt,groundtruth,59_20.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,ave_0,21_6.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,vitg,57_15.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_7.png,B,Dicer-deficient cells have multiple spindles (green) and undergo aberrant mitosis. cover design: Lawrence Keogh,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,"RNA binding in glioblastoma
The authors show that the RNA–RNA-binding protein complex LOC–DHX15 drives microglia infiltration into the tumour microenvironment in glioblastoma.
See Wu, Zhao, Shin & Yin et al.
Image: Wu Lele, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_7.txt,groundtruth,26_7.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,vitg,22_3.txt,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,vith,26_4.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_6.png,D,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_24.txt,vith,2020_24.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00182). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00277). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_21.txt,ave_1,2020_21.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Letters. Top Left:  Insights of Doping and the Photoluminescence Properties of Mn-Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (9), pp 2250–2257. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00182). Top Right: The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (11), pp 3035–3042. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00277). Middle: Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604). Bottom Left: Influence of Defects on Excited-State Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain ab Initio Studies (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (13), pp 3788–3804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00641). Bottom Middle: Titration of Aerosol pH through Droplet Coalescence (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (15), pp 4476–4483. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00757). Bottom Right: Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I–III–VI2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (7), pp 1600–1616. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653). Background:  Self-Trapped Excitons in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Fundamentals, Status, and Potential Applications (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10 (8), pp 1999–2007. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03604).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_20.txt,clip,2020_20.txt,"The illustration shows the ion and charge migration in a perovskite solar cell under reverse electrical bias highlighting the interplay of different species in different layers and interfaces. Using spatially resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the mechanisms behind these migrations are explored,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_380,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_380.png,A,"COVER This week features a Teaching Resource on molecular events involved in the activation of apoptosis by the death receptor Fas. The image depicts activation of caspase 8 at the activated death receptor and adaptor protein complex. [Image: Drew Berry, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_380.txt,groundtruth,2007_380.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how transcriptional and hormonal signaling pathways interact to control flower development. The image shows flowers of the mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana. [Image: Wuxing Li, California Institute of Technology]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_270.txt,clip,6_270.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Perspective describing research showing how channels of the DEG/ENaC family contribute to the ability of male flies to detect potential mates. The image shows courting fruit flies. [Image: Chris Bickel/AAAS],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_249.txt,vith,5_249.txt,"ONLINE COVER In this week's Editorial Guide, Chief Scientific Editor Michael Yaffe quotes the White Queen from Through the Looking-Glass regarding believing impossible things and makes predictions for three seemingly impossible things from the past that may emerge as exciting new areas of signaling research. The image is Alice and the White Queen by John Tenniel from Through the Looking-Glass by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. [Image: John Tenniel]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_138.txt,vitg,3_138.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_398,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_398.png,A,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Challenges in Immunology, contains an Editorial Guide, a Review, and two Perspectives that discuss signals that affect the fate and responsiveness of T lymphocytes. The image depicts the activation of a naïve CD4+ T lymphocyte by a dendritic cell and its subsequent expansion and differentiation into a long-lived memory cell. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_398.txt,groundtruth,2007_398.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Hortal et al. report that a motif present in the intracellular portions of antigen receptors acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to constitutively promote the activity of the small GTPase R-RAS2. Although a small amount of R-RAS2 activity is necessary for the maintenance of T cells and B cells, overexpression of R-RAS2 drives the development of lymphocytic leukemia. The image is a colored scanning electron micrograph of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (white) and normal erythrocytes (red). Credit: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/18_871.txt,vith,18_871.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes the regulation of the transcriptional activity of the nuclear receptor SF-1 by the phosphorylation status of a bound lipid, PIP2. The image shows a model of the SF-1–PIP2 complex, with a surface rendering of the lipid-binding pocket of SF-1 and a stick representation of PIP2, and is based on the crystal structure of phosphatidylcholine-bound SF-1. [Image: Raymond Blind/Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_229.txt,clip,5_229.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that highlights recent research in the field of synthetic biology. Analysis of the signaling pathways that underlie cellular processes, such as migration and phagocytosis, has enabled the development of synthetic biology tools to reconstitute behaviors in cells that they would not normally obtain physiologically. The image shows an artist's rendition of how a normal cell (center) can be engineered to adopt different states and functions. [Image: Heather McDonald, Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_414.txt,vitg,9_414.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_7.png,D,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,vitg,40_10.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer
therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies
is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards
eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different
parts
of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights
of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination
strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in
   Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in
the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit:
Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_7.txt,groundtruth,45_7.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_6.png,B,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,A novel machine learning framework that combines synthetic data generation by the CrystGAN model and an artificial neural network to predict the particle size distribution and yield in crystallization processes significantly reduces experimental effort and enables efficient data-driven process optimization. This cover art was generated with the help of OpenAI in ChatGPT and further edited by the authors.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,val
Analytical Chemistry,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_4.png,C,ptamer,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_37.txt,clip,2024_37.txt,98,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/1987_13.txt,vitg,1987_13.txt,"–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) as a point-of-need alternative for volatilomics. Furthermore, the capabilities and versatility of machine learning (chemometric) techniques used in the framework of GC-IMS analysis are also discussed. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,", wherein we substitute the target-specific antibody with designer DNA nanostructure-based molecular probes for recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus via multivalent, pattern-matching interactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_45.txt,vith,2024_45.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_6.png,B,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,ave_2,2023_3.txt,"Methylthioninium (MT+), the oxidized form of methylene blue (MB), catalyzes the formation of a disulfide bond in tau protein using O2, independently of its redox cycle. The presence of a disulfide bond interferes with the aggregation of tau protein. Under oxidative stress in the brain, MT+ could induce the disulfide bonds of tau proteins. This cover graphic was created by a free-to-use online AI image creator, Playground AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"This cover consists of three elements: computer simulation, covalent organic framework (COF), and electrocatalytic reaction. The background consists of a human brain and a chip, symbolizing machine learning. With the aid of machine learning, the COF is like a dancing butterfly to split water into oxygen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_4.txt,clip,2021_4.txt,This cover is part of ACS's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. Read more in the accompanying Editorial entitled “Ladies Are So Essential in Research (LASER).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_2.png,C,"In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the
emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban
review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell
cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological
processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements
and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of
a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt,vith,26_9.txt,"In this themed issue of Trends in Microbiology we discuss bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis from multiple perspectives, including
pathogenesis in the complex milieu of the microbiota. Cover image from iStock/Dr_Microbe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/28_9.txt,vitg,28_9.txt,"Bacteria have repeatedly evolved and repurposed phage machinery to kill
neighbouring bacteria. These bactericidal complexes called tailocins are strain-specific
in
their killing and show promise as targeted antibiotics. In this issue, Drs. Karasov,
Burbano,
and colleagues discuss ways in which tailocins target and kill closely related bacteria
but
avoid self-killing. Evolving the optimal tailocin specificity involves tradeoffs between
broads-pectrum
killing and outer membrane resistance to the environment.
Image courtesy: Daniel Rouhani, Exonscientific",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On pages 522–531, Stephanie Jones and Marie Elliot discuss the newly discovered explorer
cells in Streptomyces. Exploration in Streptomyces allows for rapid movement over a surface and occurs when there is a low level of
glucose. Cover image from iStock/hh5800.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/25_6.txt,clip,25_6.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_8.png,C,"Complete photonic bandgap in the visible
The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light.
See Yang et al.
Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt,clip,19_1.txt,"Electronic circuits are typically based on semiconducting materials. However, to find devices with novel uses, alternative silicon-free approaches may be required. Yong Yan, Scott Warren, Patrick Fuller and Bartosz Grzybowski have now fabricated flexible electronic circuits based solely on functionalized metal nanoparticles. Combining nanoparticles with oppositely charged ligands on either side of the device controls the electronic current. By incorporating metal nanoparticles functionalized with organic ligands for sensing environmental changes, chemoelectronic devices were prepared that can sense, process and report on chemical signals such as humidity, gases and metal ions. The cover is an image of a typical device embedded in a flexible polymer.
Letter p603; News & Views p579
IMAGE: SCOTT C. WARREN
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/11_6.txt,vitg,11_6.txt,"Flexible tandem light-emitting diodes
The cover image depicts a flexible 10 × 10 matrix of narrow-band and high-efficiency green tandem light-emitting diodes, combining nanocrystal perovskite light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode units.
See Lee et al.
Image: Tae-Woo Lee / Seoul National University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_8.txt,groundtruth,19_8.txt,"Plasmonics with nanocrystals.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Tao  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_6.txt,ave_1,2_6.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_12.png,A,"The front cover depicts original artwork by Carolyn Straub entitled “Reaching Out & Moving Forward"". The artwork represents the author's commitment to supporting her peers through the challenging journey of addiction recovery. The cover and accompanying Editorial are part of ACS Publications' Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_5.png,C,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vitg,3_6.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,groundtruth,9_5.txt,"Best practices in microbiology
Best practices in microbiology range from learning sterile techniques or streaking your bacterial strain of choice, to defining frameworks to facilitate data sharing. These practices guide us towards more robust, reproducible, ethical and sustainable science and facilitate major advances. This month’s focus issue features a set of Perspectives that discuss best practices for microbiome research, specifically synthetic communities and the design of clinical trials for probiotics and prebiotics. To accompany the issue, we present a Series hosting an evolving collection of articles that will expand over time to highlight tools, frameworks and resources that push us towards better microbiology research.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_2.txt,ave_2,9_2.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_8.png,C,"To understand the brain, theoretical and experimental approaches must be integrated to make sense of the enormous amount of existing data, and to guide future experiments. In this issue, we present a special focus on computational and systems neuroscience. Along with commissioned perspectives, the focus contains primary research articles featuring the best work presented at Cosyne, a meeting that brings together a diverse group of theoretical and experimental neuroscientists. Image of glass brain courtesy of Bret Lobree. (pp 1643-1656 and 1667-1711)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Common chemicals harm oligodendrocytes.
Chemicals in household products may affect brain development through direct toxic effects on oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the central nervous system. These chemicals can be found in many consumer products, including hair conditioners, disinfecting wipes, and mouthwash. Because oligodendrocytes can develop and myelinate throughout childhood, the chemicals may pose a significant health risk to children. This image depicts a setting in which a child may be exposed to the identified chemicals. In this image, a myelinated neuron and oligodendrocytes float in the water of a bathtub, where they are covered in quaternary compounds.
See Cohn et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_8.txt,groundtruth,27_8.txt,"This focus issue on neuroimmune communication highlights recent advances on how the immune and nervous system are connected, communicate and reciprocally influence physiology in the context of development, health and disease. Artwork by Lewis Long. (p 127)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_12.png,C,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,"Living with lipid mimics
Genetic code expansion (GCE) techniques are valuable for studying post-translational modifications by incorporating modified non-canonical amino acids into specific sites within target proteins. The image depicts lipidated proteins produced via GCE anchored to the membrane.
See Ding et al.
Image credit: Wenlong Ding and Chao Liu, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Focus on lipids and membranes
Most cellular membranes are structured as a phospholipid bilayer consisting of two lipid leaflets, and this provides a platform for varied functions including signal transduction, selective transport of molecules, and cell–cell recognition. This issue combines Reviews and Perspectives as well as original research that highlight the evolution of the approaches and conceptual advances in the study of membranes and their component parts, lipids, and proteins.
IMAGE: Cultura Creative RF/Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_1.txt,ave_0,16_1.txt,test
ACS Nanoscience Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.png,B,"A Ce(III), Bi(III)-co-doping strategy was applied to lead-free Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite nanocrystals for improved photoluminescence quantum yield and structural stability because of well-passivated surface defects and restrained uncoordinated chlorine ions that promoted the localization of self-trapped excitons and thus prevented emission quenching. The progressive red-shift in the emission of light is depicted in this cover as a change in color of the wavy ribbon and a lengthening of the undulations of the surface as doping proceeds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_5.txt,vitg,2022_5.txt,"Many metal nanoparticles adopt a face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, as shown on the cover. The surfaces of four facets of this fcc nanoparticle are highlighted on the nanoparticle. Enlarged regions of the atomic arrangements of the surfaces of these facets are shown, along with the subsurface atoms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Structural heterogeneity in inorganic nanosolids is ubiquitous, which poses non-negligible impacts on the associated catalytic behaviors. Recent efforts in investigating four types of structural heterogeneities in nanocatalysts, including size and facet control, differentiation of surface and bulk characteristics, characterizing local and average structures, as well as monitoring catalytic restructurings, are discussed. Understanding the inhomogeneities in the seemingly uniform nanomaterials lays foundations for the delicate design of advanced nanocatalysts with increased structural complexities and expanded catalytic functionalities.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_5.txt,ave_1,2023_5.txt,"Nanocage transformation: An artificial, spherical protein cage made from 24 individual protein rings cross-linked to each other (yellow) can be transformed into a cage with only 20 rings and having a completely different egg shape (purple) simply by changing the position of the cross-links. Cover art by Gerrit D. Wilkens based on a concept by Jonathan G. Heddle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_14.png,C,"Supersonic copolymer (PS-b-PDMS) microspheres are subjected to a head-on collision with a stationary target surface, and observed extreme plasticity and collision-induced nanostructures will provide new insight into cold spray additive manufacturing of polymers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"Advanced microscopy techniques in 3D views reveal the periodic assembly of PHBV crystals. The study uncovers highly-ordered interior architectures with grating-like periodicity, which mimics the nature's assembled photonic crystals. The orderly grating assembly is tested to lead to iridescence",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,test
Trends in Parasitology,40_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_5.png,C,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"Both parasite and host factors contribute to the severity of malaria pathology. In
this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Bernabeu and Smith review mechanisms of disease pathology in severe malaria and
discuss the role of parasite blockade of EPCR function as one of the central events
in malaria pathology. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_9.txt,clip,33_9.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Darif et al. report on the recent
20th BioMalPar, a world-leading conference on the biology and pathology of malaria
parasites. Frischknecht et al. reflect on what has been achieved in the last 20 years
through the European Union Network of Excellences (NoEs) BioMalPar and EviMalaR as
well as other pan-European networks, provide examples of specific achievements, and
look to the future. The cover shows a cartoon from the malaria comic of the EviMalaR
NoE (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/wcip/engage/publicengagement/wcipcomics/),
which illustrates the molecular tinkering performed by researchers in these networks
to uncover the unique biology of Plasmodium. The cartoon is surrounded by scanning
electron microscopy images of uninfected red blood cells as well as those infected
with
asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Image credit: Aurélie Claes, Artur
Scherf, and Edward Ross.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_5.txt,groundtruth,40_5.txt,"Throughout intraerythrocytic growth, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum consumes up to 80% of the host cell cytoplasm. Hemoglobin degradation and heme detoxification
are essential parasite adaptations that occur in an acidified compartment called digestive
vacuole. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Matz discusses the current knowledge about the properties and functions of the digestive
vacuole and highlights the parasite’s acidic gut as a therapeutic target for drug
discovery. The cover image shows a pseudo-colorized transmission electron micrograph
of a P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte. The lumen of the digestive vacuole (red) harbors hemozoin (yellow),
which is the crystalline end product of heme detoxification. Cover credit: Matthew
R. G. Russell (The Francis Crick Institute and King’s College London, UK).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_6.txt,vith,38_6.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.png,D,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,vith,31_11.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.txt,clip,43_2.txt,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,test
Cell Reports,43_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_10.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,clip,25_1.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,"On the cover: In this 3D reconstruction of zebrafish epicardial fat, the coronary
vascular system (pink) is intertwined with adipocytes (engulfed in flames) that have
thermogenic potential in response to cold exposure. In this issue, Morocho-Jaramillo et al. show that beige like epicardial adipocytes in zebrafish are key metabolic regulators,
similar to healthy human epicardial fat. Concept and artwork: Paul A. Morocho Jaramillo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_10.txt,groundtruth,43_10.txt,"On the cover: Xia et al. show that ABHD15 stabilizes PDE3B and supports insulin-mediated
suppression of lipolysis in fat cells, influencing the development of whole-body insulin
resistance. Cover image depicting adipocytes by A. Pessentheiner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/23_7.txt,vith,23_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_12.png,D,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,vith,22_1.txt,"Targeting SARS-CoV-2, inspired by the Review on p391.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_6.txt,vitg,22_6.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology.
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Disinfection, inspired by the Review on p4.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_12.txt,groundtruth,22_12.txt,test
BDJ,237_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_8.png,C,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, mouth cancer, and weight stigma.

Cover image: Dentistry and the SDGs – Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities. 1 in 5 Brits have no dentist. Oral health inequalities between rural and urban areas call for a necessity to reduce disparities and enhance oral health outcomes for all individuals, regardless of their geographical location.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_3.txt,clip,235_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,ave_2,228_1.txt,"In this issue
This Orthodontic-Restorative Interface themed issue features articles on orthodontics and perio, orthodontics and implants, and orthodontics and tooth wear.

Cover image: From 2012. The retrospective cover which forms the centrepiece of the cover image of this issue is from the 2012 London Olympics series (Volume 212 Issue 4, 25 February 2012). Despite years of gloom by naysayers that the London venue would spell doom, gloom and chaos, the reality turned out to be a happy and joyous celebration completely within the Olympic spirit. Centred on this occasion is a relay race with the passing of the baton but substituting a toothbrush.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Russ Tudor",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_8.txt,groundtruth,237_8.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on overseas dentists in the UK, white enamel lesions and clinical governance.
Image credit: Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/230_5.txt,vitg,230_5.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_3.png,D,The rapid increase in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases necessitates the consideration of mechanisms for capturing and storing carbon dioxide. Recent work suggests that fluid or gaseous carbon dioxide can be injected into the Earth's crust and locked up as carbonate minerals to achieve near-permanent and secure sequestration. Image courtesy of John crouch.Progress Article p837; Editorial p809; Commentaries p813 and p815,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/2_1.txt,vitg,2_1.txt,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,vith,13_2.txt,"Carbon is carried into the Earth at subduction zones. Geochemical analysis of subducted sediments now exhumed in Alpine Corsica, France, reveal the formation of graphite during shallow subduction, implying that carbonate transformation to graphite aids transport into the deeper Earth. This image shows a contact between hydrothermally altered mantle rocks and blueschist metasediments in Alpine Corsica, France.
Letter p473
IMAGE: ALBERTO VITALE BROVARONE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/6_7.txt,clip,6_7.txt,"Graphitic carbon cycling during mountain building
Coupled rhenium–osmium and uranium–lead dating suggest graphitic carbon was hydrothermally cycled through shear zones during late-stage orogenesis associated with Nuna supercontinent assembly. The photomicrograph shows a hydrothermal graphite–pyrite vein in a highly sheared, metasomatized metapelite host rock viewed under both reflected and transmitted light (image dimensions: 550 μm x 550 μm). Graphite stands out from the ground mass due to its brown colour, high reflectance, and platy crystal habit.
See Toma et al.
Image: Jonathan Toma. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_3.txt,groundtruth,17_3.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_3.png,A,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,train
Cancer Cell,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/43_2.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.png,D,"Precision medicine, inspired by the Review on p745.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_2.txt,vitg,18_2.txt,"Application of artificial intelligence to cardiovascular wearable devices, inspired by the Review on p75
Cover design: Chayakrit Krittanawong et al. and Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_11.txt,clip,18_11.txt,"Blood pressure variability, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_3.txt,vith,19_3.txt,"Use of AI for imaging of coronary atherosclerosis, inspired by the Roadmap on p51.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_3.png,B,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Crystallization quality control
A flux-regulated crystallization method is introduced for controlling the linear growth rate of perovskites, leading to high-quality single crystals.
See Saidaminov et al.
Image: Yuki Haruta, University of Victoria. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_3.txt,groundtruth,3_3.txt,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,vitg,2_6.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_7.png,A,"Birds aid forest restoration
Forest restoration has gained global interest as a tool to increase carbon storage, while also improving biodiversity and human well-being. Writing in this issue, Bello and colleagues investigate the role of seed-dispersing frugivores in determining species composition and carbon storage potential in regenerating forests. They show that large birds disperse seeds with higher storage potential, but that movement of these birds can be largely limited by forest fragmentation.
See Bello et al.
Image: Mathias M. Pires, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_7.txt,groundtruth,14_7.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Declining waterbird abundance in the tropics
Gaps in geographic coverage of species abundance data, especially in the tropics, makes determining species' responses to climate change difficult. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Tatsuya Amano et al. analyse 1.3 million records of 390 waterbird species at 6,800 sites around the world to reveal that increasing temperature can lead to abundance declines in waterbird species at lower latitudes, highlighting the foggy future facing the diversity of life in the tropics — including these lesser flamingos pictured in Namibia.
See Amano et al.
Image: Sergey Dereliev, www.dereliev-photography.com. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_3.txt,clip,10_3.txt,"Future under fire
After a year filled with fires around the world, we present a collection of Comments and Correspondences in this issue on the theme of fire and its implications in a warming world.
Image: Andrew Merry / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_10.txt,ave_3,10_10.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_92,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_92.png,D,ONLINE COVER Sinusoidal Patrolling. This month's cover features a cutaway illustration of lymphocytes and erythrocytes traveling down a narrow liver sinusoid lined by fenestrated endothelial cells. A Review by Ficht and Iannacone summarizes current knowledge about the hepatic T cell subsets tasked with immune surveillance. Lymphocyte processes can extend through the small pores in the sinusoidal passages in search of stimulatory ligands displayed on hepatocytes. The T cell on the right is a cytotoxic CD8+ cell that is in the process of killing a hepatocyte displaying activating peptide-MHC ligands. [CREDIT: PAOLO MONTUSCHI/GRAFICA BIOMEDICA],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_51.txt,vitg,5_51.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER Turning Anti–PD-1 on Its Head. This month's cover illustration is a 3D rendition of pembrolizumab, one of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against human PD-1 being used for cancer immunotherapy. Based on results with a new conditional allele of the Pdcd1 gene in mice, Strauss et al. report that PD-1 expression on both myeloid and T cells is relevant to the immune stimulatory effects of anti–PD-1. A Focus commentary by Rudd  discusses the findings of Strauss et al. The illustration was created with NGL Viewer using x-ray crystallography data deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank. [CREDIT: PDB 5DK3]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_43.txt,ave_1,5_43.txt,"ONLINE COVER Treating a Primary Immunodeficiency with CRISPR. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a range of inherited, sometimes fatal, inflammatory diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cytotoxic machinery of immune cells. Li et al. developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)–based CRISPR–Cas9 system combined with nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibition to repair memory T cells from perforin (Prf1)-deficient mice as well as from pediatric patients with FHL2 (PRF1 deficiency) or FHL3 (Munc13-4/UNC13D deficiency). Repaired mouse T cells could then prevent or cure FHL2-like disease in Prf1-knockout mice triggered by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–driven B cell hyperproliferation. This month’s cover illustration depicts CRISPR–Cas9–mediated repair of a cytotoxic T cell (red), which allows it to secrete normal cytotoxic granules (pink) and effectively kill virally infected B cells (blue). Credit: A. Fisher/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_92.txt,groundtruth,9_92.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_11.png,D,"Focus on metasurfaces
This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics.
See Neshev and Miroshnichenko
Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,"The advent of super-resolution imaging schemes that allow optical imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light is revolutionizing sample analysis in the biological and physical sciences. This issue features a special focus on the topic.
Cover design by Stefan Hell.
Progress article by Stefan W. Hell  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/3_6.txt,vitg,3_6.txt,"3D visualization of a Peregrine soliton, which can occur in nonlinear fibre optics. This and other curious freak wave phenomena are a topic of this month's review.
Review Article p755
IMAGE: GOËRY GENTY
COVER DESIGN: SAMANTHA WHITHAM",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/8_3.txt,clip,8_3.txt,"Ultrafast dual-comb spectroscopy
An artistic image of a dual-frequency comb that is generated by using an optical parametric oscillator to convert a pair of near-infrared combs into the mid-infrared. The generated combs enable nanosecond-timescale spectroscopy for probing the ultrafast dynamics found in supersonic gas jets, explosions and chemical kinetics.
See Long et al.
Image: Brad Baxley, Part to Whole, LLC. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_11.txt,groundtruth,18_11.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_12.png,D,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"The magnetic properties of single-molecule magnets generally originate from a superexchange mechanism in which the spin states of two neighbouring metal ions couple to one another. Now, Long and co-workers have shown that a mixed-valence divanadium cluster with a bridging imidazolate ligand - shown on the cover of this issue - possesses a high-spin ground state that arises from a double-exchange mechanism based on electron delocalization. The versatility of imidazolate ligands in generating coordination complexes suggests that this could be a promising approach for producing a range of magnetic molecular materials. Cover image courtesy of Jeffrey D. rinehart.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p362
News & Views p351",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_8.txt,clip,2_8.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,vith,7_10.txt,"Identifying an elusive intermediate
Trans–cis photoisomerization plays an essential role in various biological settings such as vision, ion pumping, and light sensing. The prototypical trans–cis photoisomerization of stilbenes (an artistic impression of which is depicted on the cover) is thought to occur via an intermediate with a perpendicular conformation; however, its unambiguous identification has thus far proved difficult. Using ultrafast Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, Tahei Tahara and colleagues now characterize the common, perpendicular intermediate of stilbene photoisomerization, revealing its ultrafast birth and decay upon photoexcitation of the trans and cis forms.
See Kuramochi et al.
Image: Takaya Fukui, Art Action Inc.. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_12.txt,groundtruth,16_12.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_3.png,D,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,vith,2024_15.txt,Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles.  Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_17.txt,ave_2,2023_17.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,clip,2021_20.txt,This cover art depicts the hydrolysis of polysaccharides of the cell wall or red macroalgae by enzymes of marine or gut bacteria. The mechanistic study on a neoagarosidase from Phocaeicola plebeius shows an unusual pair of amino acids that operates catalysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,val
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.png,B,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,groundtruth,3_12.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"In this Review, Gagné et al. describe how self-determination theory can help researchers and practitioners shape the future of work to ensure it meets workers’ psychological needs.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_41,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_41.png,B,"I&ECR celebrates the illustrious career of Prof. Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan! In honor of his groundbreaking research and dedication to engineering education, we present this virtual special issue dedicated to his achievements. From pioneering multiphase reaction engineering to advancing clean energy production and sustainability, Prof. Al-Dahhan's contributions have shaped the field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.txt,vitg,2024_39.txt,"This compilation from renowned scientists endeavors to pay tribute to the distinguished career of Professor Dmitri Murzin, acknowledging his profound impact on the area of catalysis and chemical technology through both his scholarly endeavors and educational initiatives. Professor Murzin's legacy is celebrated for its significant contributions to advancing scientific knowledge and fostering the growth of future generations of researchers in these pivotal fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_41.txt,groundtruth,2024_41.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vith,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,clip,2020_47.txt,test
Nature Protocols,19_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_7.png,B,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,clip,20_2.txt,"MXene jeobeon fan
A scanning electron microscopy image of a Ti3C2Tx MXene particle partially exfoliated by high shear mixing and imaged at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)/National NanoFab Center (NNFC) in Daejeon, South Korea, during a visit from Philadelphia, USA. The fan has close to the 18 ribs commonly found on traditional Korean fans, while the surrounding particles resemble falling cherry blossom petals that bloom throughout South Korea and Philadelphia. See Downes et al.
Image: Marley Downes, A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_7.txt,groundtruth,19_7.txt,"Emulating physiological T-cell activation.
Scanning electron micrograph of a dense cluster of T cells interacting with artificial antigen-presenting cell scaffolds (pseudocolored).
See Zhang et al.
Image: David Zhang. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_10.txt,ave_1,15_10.txt,"Apical-out human enteroid
Enteroids grown in extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds develop apical-in polarity, with the microvilli facing the internal lumen. We reversed enteroid polarity in suspension culture through removal of the ECM. The cover image shows a human colonoid with apical-out polarity; note that the microvilli face the outer surface. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) and the actin cytoskeleton with phalloidin (white).
See Co et al.
Image: Julia Y. Co, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_2.txt,vith,16_2.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_10.png,B,"On the cover: Our ability to understand mammalian physiology and disease has long
been limited by the availability of tools for high-throughput genetic dissection of
phenomena directly within the living organism. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Keys and Knouse establish genome-scale CRISPR screening in a single mouse liver.
This accessible and adaptable platform offers a powerful foundation for uncovering
the complete genetic regulation of diverse phenotypes within a living mammal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Lin et al. use baboons to characterize molecular effects of a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet
and its interactions with genetic variation on gene expression. The cover depicts
a captive baboon from the pedigreed colony from Southwest National Primate Research
Center (SNPRC). The photo is provided courtesy of SNPRC at Texas Biomedical Research
Institute.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,clip,4_9.txt,"On the cover: Knowledge on the population history of the endangered chimpanzee species
is key for their conservation, but the genomic data on wild chimpanzee populations
is geographically sparse. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Fontsere et al. build an extensive georeferenced catalog of genomic diversity in
chimpanzees from more than 800 non-invasively collected samples. They reveal patterns
of isolation and connectivity between localities in different time points and implement
an approach to infer the unknown origin of confiscated chimpanzees. The cover depicts
Thea, a wild male central chimpanzee from the Rekambo community in Loango (Gabon).
Photography by Roland Hilgartner, ozouga.org.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_7.txt,ave_3,2_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_4.png,B,"In this Review, Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues consider how systemic factors contribute to individual-level racial biases and vice versa.Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_6.txt,clip,2_6.txt,"In this Review, Čehajić-Clancy & Halperin consolidate research from four domains in social psychology (prejudice reduction, conflict resolution, intergroup reconciliation and affective polarization) to elucidate the critical features necessary for successful intergroup interventions.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"In this Review, Luhmann et al. summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across time and space and consider macro-level factors that might account for these differences.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,ave_1,3_1.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_14.png,B,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,"In the past, glycan synthesis has been difficult, requiring multi-step manual operations and a highly skilled workforce (at the remote end). Through the time and space tunnel, a donor preactivation-based strategy has enabled glycan synthesis from oligosaccharides to polysaccharides and from manual to automated synthesis, reaching a new height (at the proximal end).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. Silanes TMSCF2X (TMS = trimethylsilyl and X = Br, F, and Cl) have stood out as privileged among all known difluorocarbene reagents, owing to their rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions (such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at a wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents). As shown in the cover picture, the dandelion (TMSCF2X) can easily release its seeds (:CF2) in different environments (under different reaction conditions), and the seeds (:CF2) have strong vitality (suitable for a wide range of reactions).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_20.txt,vitg,2024_20.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.png,D,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,vitg,1_2.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,ave_3,1_8.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,groundtruth,1_11.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_6.png,D,"Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) ejected through bursting bubbles at the ocean surface are complex mixtures of salts and organic species, including enzymes, bacteria, and viruses. The work of Dommer et al. provides never before seen views of what SSAs look like at the molecular level.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_7.txt,ave_2,2023_7.txt,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"Enzyme engineering requires researchers to navigate a high-dimensional sequence–activity landscape to identify variants with the desired properties. This represents a highly challenging task, but machine learning and automation can accelerate such projects and increase the chances of success.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,test
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_7.png,C,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,vitg,2018_6.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,ave_1,2024_5.txt,"A rapid and reagentless electrochemical biosensor constructed from a DNA aptamer, immobilized onto a gold-working electrode. The aptamer is equipped with a redox probe at its top end, which is brought closer to the electrode surface upon target (CRP) binding, to induce a signal-ON event. This illustration was created using the AI image generator, DALL-E-3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_13.png,A,"On the cover: Proximity-induced chemistry is a relatively new technique for developing
protein therapeutics. Cheng et al. provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms and approaches associated with proximity-induced
chemistry. They also present innovative protein drugs developed using this technique
and discuss their therapeutic effectiveness based on pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
The cover symbolizes two proteins (blue and green surface representation) that react
to form a covalent bond in close proximity and ultimately serve as a powerful drug.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_13.txt,groundtruth,31_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry
mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic
process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et
al., 658–671.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_7.txt,clip,30_7.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_7.png,B,The cover depicts a complex machine that generates new hues from combinations of primary colors. This process is analogous to the combinatorial engineering of biosynthetic genes to generate new molecules. Artwork by Marcela Vargas based on DOI: 10.1021/sb5003218.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_7.txt,ave_2,2015_7.txt,"mediated gene silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a cross-sectional view of C. reinhardtii highlights the precise interaction between DNA strands and gold nanoparticles, facilitated by a targeted LED light source. The illustration depicts the subsequent accumulation of lipid droplets indicative of silenced gene expression within the cell.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,ave_1,2015_2.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_8.png,C,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,ave_0,21_11.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Kringelbach, Stark, Alexander, Bornstein, and Stein discuss the effects of infant
cuteness on human neural activity, cognition, and behavior. Cover design and infant
image provided by Rebecca Schwarzlose. Brain illustration courtesy of iStockphoto
and Evgenii Bobrov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_6.txt,clip,20_6.txt,"Developing tests that could be used to detect consciousness in immature
and non-responsive humans, non-human animals, brain organoids, and AI systems is
one of the central challenges facing science. Addressing this challenge would not
only
have important implications for the science of consciousness but would also have
profound ethical and social implications. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Tim Bayne and colleagues review some of the leading tests for consciousness that
have been developed to date, clarify the logical structure of various possible tests
for
consciousness, and critically evaluate three strategies for validating a consciousness
test. The cover image depicts two of the many kinds of organisms to which a test for
consciousness might be applied. Cover art by James Croxford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_8.txt,groundtruth,28_8.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,test
Cell Systems,15_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_4.png,D,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Electrical waves propagate along linear tracks of engineered excitable
cells (iOS-HEK cells). In this issue of Cell Systems, McNamara et al. (359–370) show that the spiking patterns of iOS-HEK cells depend
sensitively on the shape of the tissue in which they are embedded. Beating of cardiomyocytes
also depends on the tissue geometry, implying that efforts to model cardiac arrhythmias
in vitro must account for the difference in geometry between cell culture and the heart.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_3.txt,ave_1,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Transparency can change your perspective. In the Editorial in this issue
of Cell Systems, Quincey Justman (1–2) clarifies how editors make decisions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_6.txt,vith,9_6.txt,"On the cover: Droplets containing algae and bacteria on a kChip microfluidic chip.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Gopalakrishnappa et al. use high-throughput screening of >100,000 algae-bacteria communities in ∼525 environments
and find that pH, buffering capacity, and carbon source identity modulate algae-bacteria
interactions by impacting the dependence of growth on nutrient availability. Image
credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_4.txt,groundtruth,15_4.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_8.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,clip,16_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_14.txt,ave_1,16_14.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,vitg,16_13.txt,"On the cover: Forest trees, serving as foundational components of terrestrial ecosystems, play
a crucial and leading role in combating and mitigating the adverse effects of extreme
climate events. The genus Populus is among the world’s most widely distributed and cultivated trees and has been firmly
established as the primary model system of forest tree species. Despite their ecological
and economic importance, relatively few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms
and connections between genome evolution and adaptive innovations within the genus.
The cover image illustrates the utilization of pan-genomic data (through virtual DNA-like
routes) as navigational maps to discover and explore the “New World” of genomic variations
at the genus level, and to facilitate precise examination of the evolution of genomic
landscape that underpins the remarkable environmental adaptability and phenotypic
diversity of poplar species across diverse continents, climates, and habitats. Image
by Xinyue Hu, Mengke Yu, Tingting Shi and Jing Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_8.txt,groundtruth,17_8.txt,val
Nature Physics,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/21_1.png,C,"Electrons in a fractal
Electrons are confined to an artificial Sierpiński triangle. Microscopy measurements show that their wavefunctions become self-similar and their quantum properties inherit a non-integer dimension between 1 and 2.
See Morais-Smith et al.
Image: Marlou Slot, Utrecht University. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_11.txt,clip,15_11.txt,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,vith,16_4.txt,"Spinning swimmers
A particle rotating in a fluid generates vorticity around itself. Panyu Chen and co-workers show how the dynamics of a collection of such spinners suspended in a liquid can display flocking and three-dimensional active chirality.
See Chen et al.
Image: Hubert Gao, Panyu Chen, IrvineLab. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"When networks get real
Combining concepts from knot theory and statistical mechanics leads to a method for distinguishing between physical networks with identical wiring but different layouts.
See Barabási et al.
IMAGE: Alice Grishchenko. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_11.txt,vitg,17_11.txt,train
One Earth,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_11.png,B,"On the cover: This year marks the completion of the first-ever Global Stocktake (GST)
of the Paris Agreement. While the GST has confirmed what is already known—progress
is thus far inadequate—it has also paved the way for ratcheted-up climate ambition.
On the cover, we feature art from Alisa Singer highlighting the potential for a realized
clean-energy transition. Entitled “Scaling up renewables is feasible” from her series,
“Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change,” the piece illustrates the recent
US precedents for natural gas and solar/wind expansion, indicating the feasibility
of ambitious buildout of large-scale renewable energy to meet the US 2035 carbon-pollution-free
power-sector target. This artwork is based on Figure 5 from the “The 2035 Report.”
Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_4.txt,ave_1,6_4.txt,"On the cover: Decarbonizing our energy systems is desperately needed to keep the 1.5°C
target within reach. However, a low-carbon energy transition is not necessarily sustainable.
The impacts of low-carbon energy material recovery, manufacture, installation, maintenance,
and decommissioning, as well as energy security and equity challenges must be considered.
A truly sustainable energy transition must benefit both people and the planet, in
the present and the future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_6.png,C,"Two-state cell migration
Two-state micropatterns offer a unique platform to study cell migration. An equation of motion is inferred from a large ensemble of trajectories, revealing key differences in the nonlinear dynamics of healthy and cancerous cells.
See Broedersz et al.
Image: Christoph Hohman, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM). Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_7.txt,vitg,15_7.txt,"Electrons in a fractal
Electrons are confined to an artificial Sierpiński triangle. Microscopy measurements show that their wavefunctions become self-similar and their quantum properties inherit a non-integer dimension between 1 and 2.
See Morais-Smith et al.
Image: Marlou Slot, Utrecht University. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_11.txt,clip,15_11.txt,"Cell doublet pirouette
Cells can pair up and form a rotating doublet. Linjie Lu and collaborators have shown that these rotations are spontaneously caused by an uneven distribution of myosin within cell cortices. This polarized distribution breaks the mirror symmetry of the doublet. These results highlight how active mechanical forces drive collective cell motion.
See Lu et al.
Image: Linjie Lu, Tristan Guyomar, and Daniel Riveline (IGBMC-University of Strasbourg). Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"A liquid of magnetic multipoles
A detailed neutron-scattering study reveals a quantum spin liquid behaviour in Ce2Sn2O7 originating from its higher-order magnetic multipolar moments acting on the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattice.
See Sibille et al.
Image: Nicolas Gauthier. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_8.txt,vith,16_8.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_7.png,D,"On the cover: The image displays GALC enzyme (red) in Purkinje cells of a dog affected with Krabbe
disease after receiving combination HSCT and systemic AAV-cGALC gene therapy as detailed
in Bradbury et al. Image credit: Allison Bradbury and Gary Swain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_16.txt,vith,32_16.txt,"On the Cover: An adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV9) Cre vector was injected into the muscle
of an Ai14 mouse, a strain that expresses tdTomato upon Cre-mediated removal of a
floxed stop codon. Two weeks after AAV9 injection, the muscle was removed from the
Ai14 mouse and grafted to the tibialis anterior compartment of an immune-deficient
NSG mouse. The grafted muscle underwent complete necrosis before regeneration from
the donor muscle satellite cells (muscle stem cells). The image on the cover shows
a cross-section of the grafted muscle at 7 days post-transplantation. Newly regenerated
muscle cells are marked by Pax7 positive nuclei (green). The nascent myofibers that
showed cytoplasmic tdTomato expression (red and pink) came from satellite cells that
had been transduced by AAV9 prior to grafting. Gene delivery to muscle stem cells
provides an opportunity for life-long genome editing in muscle. See Nance et al.,
pp. 1568–1585.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the cover: Bradbury et al. aimed to achieve astrocytic targeting of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for
the treatment of vanishing white matter disease. The image displays a sagittal brain
section from a wild-type mouse after intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV9-GFAP-eGFP.
Neurons (NeuN; red), astrocytes (GFAP; magenta), and the reporter protein (eGFP; green)
are immunofluorescently labeled, demonstrating widespread distribution and astrocytic
targeting through colocalization of eGFP with GFAP (white). Image credit: Sergiy Chornyy,
PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.png,C,"MRI biomarkers in neuro-oncology, inspired by the Review on p486.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_5.txt,vith,17_5.txt,"The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease, inspired by the Review on p476.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_5.txt,vitg,18_5.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"HIV and the brain, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p424.
Cover design: P.Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_6.txt,clip,19_6.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_11.png,D,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"Barcoding technologies are enabling the quantification of heterogeneous populations
as well as changes in phenotypic states of cancer cells. In this issue, Howland and
Brock discuss various barcoding technologies that are providing unique opportunities
to understand tumor evolution in the context of selective pressures, such as tissue
and environmental interactions or drug treatments. The cover depicts sailboats (cancer
cells) that can be identified by their unique sails (barcodes) during a voyage (tumor
evolution). Cover image modified with permission from gettyimages/diane555.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_6.txt,clip,9_6.txt,"Advancements in early cancer detection are key to improved patient
outcome and survival. Recent developments in using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)
are under development for the detection of specific cancers. In this issue, Zhang
et al.
propose the use of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) assays, based on circulating
cell-free DNA (cfDNA), for the sensitive detection and accurate localization of multiple
cancer types. The cover depicts a dolphin (MCED) using its echolocation system to
detect and locate the target fish (ctDNA) in a wide range of fishes (cfDNA) in the
deep
sea (blood). Dolphins are very clever and have always been regarded as friends of
humans, and their echolocation system is analogous to using the MCED assay to detect
ctDNA and locate the TOO of cancers. (Headline: Sonar Detective: Finding the target
fish). Image is created by Lei Chen & Guoyan Wang in Soochow University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_11.txt,groundtruth,10_11.txt,test
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.png,A,"Therapeutic single-cell atlas in inflammatory bowel disease
Buckley and colleagues profile individuals with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis before and after adalimumab therapy. Specific pre-treatment differences in the epithelial and myeloid compartments were associated with remission outcomes in both diseases. The authors also describe the cellular circuitry in patients from the non-remission group after treatment.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Calliope Dendrou, University of Oxford. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"Fetal intestinal memory CD4+ T cells
Koning and colleagues used mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-seq and high-throughput TCR sequencing to characterize the CD4+ T cell compartment in the human fetal intestine.
See Koning et al.
IMAGE: Na Li COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/20_10.txt,ave_2,20_10.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_1,6_6.txt,val
Nature Neuroscience,28_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/28_2.png,B,Nature Neuroscience presents a special focus issue on neurodegeneration consisting of Reviews and Perspectives that highlight the latest advances in our understanding of pathological mechanisms and the possibility of harnessing this information for translational research. The cover image depicts cells from a mouse model of Huntington's disease with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) as a consequence of inefficient autophagy. The cell bodies are stained red and the nuclei are blue.787–818,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/13_6.txt,vitg,13_6.txt,"Tau in AD extracellular vesicles
Brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to have a role in the clearance and spread of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the pathological tau species that are associated with EVs and how they contribute to clearance is unclear. Fowler, Behr and colleagues used electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) to image EVs from the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, directly visualizing the unexpected membrane-tethering of short tau filaments within EVs. The cover image represents the release of EVs containing membrane-tethered tau filaments from a neuron by blending the cryo-ET data with Gustav Klimt’s symbolist style.
See Fowler and Behr et al.
Image: Shraddha Nayak, VisLab, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/28_2.txt,groundtruth,28_2.txt,"Huntington's disease is thought to be a result of neuronal dysfunction, but a study from Tong and colleagues now suggests that mutant huntingtin in astrocytes leads to dysregulation of extracellular K+. Excess K+ leads to elevated spiking and potentially to excitotoxicity in striatal projection neurons. On the cover is an artistic rendering of astrocytes in the neuropil by Janet Iwasa.641694",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_8.txt,ave_0,17_8.txt,"Shu and colleagues show that two sodium channel subtypes, a high-threshold Nav1.2 and a low-threshold Nav1.6, are asymmetrically distributed in the axon initial segment (AIS). This asymmetrical distribution explains many of the unique properties of the AIS, including its generation of backpropagating action potentials. Cover design by Jiafeng Zhao.959996",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/12_5.txt,clip,12_5.txt,test
Trends in Cancer,10_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_6.png,B,"CRISPR-Cas technologies are powerful, versatile, and evolving at fast pace. On pages
499–512 in this issue, Huang et al. discuss the promises and hurdles to translating this revolutionary genomic tool into
effective and safe clinical applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cover
design by Tzu-Hung Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_6.txt,ave_1,4_6.txt,"As each cancer is associated with unique microbiomes, bacteria is
becoming an attractive tool in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Engineered live
bacterial therapeutics are being employed to detect cancer as well as being modified
to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. In this issue, Siguenza et al. review the latest in the
use of engineered bacterial therapeutics for detecting and treating colorectal cancer.
Cover designed by Thom Leach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_6.txt,groundtruth,10_6.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,vitg,4_10.txt,"Tumor cell dormancy has been linked to late cancer relapse. On pages 66–78 in this
issue, Prunier et al. examine recent evidence pointing to a central role for TGF-β signaling in regulating
mechanisms of cellular dormancy, and discuss therapeutic approaches. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,40_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_1.png,A,"Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate
ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits,
but many
of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages
67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption
that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal
value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan
   troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou,
Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_1.txt,groundtruth,40_1.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,"The tracking or biologging of individual animals often involves capture and is difficult
to scale. On pp. 417–427 of this issue, Anthony Dell and colleagues discuss the implications
of automated image-based tracking for ecology, in particular the prospect of a better
understanding of the linkage between individual behaviour and higher-level ecological
processes. The cover shows the tracks of an individual beetle in a petri dish captured
with EthoVision XT 10, a procedure that can be very easily scaled up to large arrays.
(Image courtesy of Noldus Information Technology bv, Wageningen, The Netherlands.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_6.txt,vith,29_6.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,clip,30_2.txt,test
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.png,A,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,groundtruth,3_6.txt,"Sleep and atherosclerosis
Kiss et al. review preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how sleep influences the nervous, metabolic and immune systems, with inadequate sleep affecting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
See Kiss et al.
Image: Siesta, Henri Manguin – Heritage Image Partnership / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.txt,vith,3_2.txt,"Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm
The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death.
See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo
Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"The Lands and Seas of the Planet Heart
Koenig et al. present a comprehensive cellular atlas of healthy and failing human hearts, based on single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cardiac biopsies from 45 individuals.
See Koenig et al.
Image: Andrew Koenig. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,46_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_1.png,A,"Cover Credit: Under transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/Re) condition in vivo and in vitro, astrocyte-derived VEGFD activates the VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) located on the membrane of astrocytes and microglia, respectively, disrupting astrocytic interleukin-3 (IL-3)/microglial IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα) crosstalk, leading to the activation of A1 astrocytes and M1 microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory cytokines. The disruption of this crosstalk between IL-3 and IL-3Rα induces lipid metabolic reprogramming of microglia evidenced by upregulating CPT1A expression, a rate-limiting enzyme for the mitochondrial β-oxidation, causing accumulated lipid droplets (LDs), activated microglia and neuroinflammation, reduced glycerophospholipids levels, microglial phagocytosis dysfunction and necrosis, as well as neuronal cell death. The therapeutic interventions by VEGFR antagonist axitinib or exogenous IL-3 can reestablish the IL-3/IL-3Rα crosstalk, reducing astrocytes and microglia activation, LDs accumulation and neuroinflammation, and restoring microglial phagocytotic function, ultimately contributing to brain recovery from tMCAO insult. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01405-6). See the article in pages 292–307",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_1.txt,groundtruth,46_1.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,vitg,45_2.txt,Challenges and opportunities for network pharmacology-based research on traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19. See the article in pages 845–847.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_7.txt,clip,42_7.txt,"Cover Credit: The schematic diagram of the mechanism underlying the regulation of monocyte migration and differentiation by β-arrestin2, further mediating hepatocyte apoptosis in autoimmune hepatitis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01103-9). See the article in pages 2048–2064",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_3.txt,ave_1,44_3.txt,val
Nature Cities,1_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_6.png,C,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,groundtruth,1_6.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,train
iScience,27_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_6.png,C,"On the cover: The image depicts the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
(hiPSCs; circular structures) from fibroblasts (elongated multipolar shapes). The
“phoenix bird” has been used as a symbol of regeneration, reflecting the unique self-renewal
and differentiation ability of hiPSCs, which makes them attractive tools in the field
of regenerative medicine. The hexagonal patterning resembles the imidazopyridines'
backbone, which have been shown in the present study to increase reprogramming efficiency,
as well as maintenance and generation of human iPSCs when combined with four main
transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. Image by Maryam Dabiri. For more,
see Dabiri et al. (volume 12, 2019).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/13_1.txt,ave_2,13_1.txt,"On the cover: The image, an illuminated drop with syringe needle, depicts the vaccination
against SARS-CoV-2, which protects the living being from SARS-CoV-2 virus. The vaccine
drop contains Imidazoquinoline class molecule, one of the key ingredients of Algel-IMDG
that activates the immune system via network of lymphatic system by delivering the
antigen and antigen presenting cells to draining lymph nodes. The resultant neutralizing
antibodies in blood circulation provide protection to animal (rabbit) against SARS-CoV-2
by inducing strong adaptive immunity. See Ganneru et al. (2021).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/24_9.txt,vitg,24_9.txt,"On the cover: The main purpose of this study by Zhou et al. is to address IPDA-related issues, which require different probe sequences for different
subtypes of HIV-1. The ultimate goal of this field of research is the accurate measurement
of viral reservoirs, including different subtypes and sequences. The different colors
of the viruses on this cover represent the different subtypes, which are firmly enclosed
in a net, i.e., the meaning of “all in one net.” Image credit: Xinyu Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_6.txt,groundtruth,27_6.txt,"On the cover: Movable scattered units engraved with different types of cells gradually
assemble into a human shape. The accumulation of single-cell data provides growing
resources for constructing atlases for all cells of a human organ or the whole body.
Chen et al. (2022) developed a unified informatics framework that enables seamless
cell-centric assembly of scRNA-seq data from diverse sources and built the first human
ensemble cell atlas (hECA). hECA enables “in-data” exploration of the atlas as a virtual
human body with customizable logic expressions on all recorded features of the assembled
cells, provides quantitative portraitures of biological entities (organs, cell types,
and genes), and facilitates cell-type annotations with customizable references. Artwork
by Yuankui Lyu and Ruoqi Li, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_7.txt,clip,25_7.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_4.png,B,"A gold-star-coated aluminum substrate-based SERS immunoassay platform for the selective detection of blood-based biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, p-Tau, and t-Tau of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SERS spectral data augmented by the machine learning technique yielded high sensitivity of the order of an attomolar concentration of the biomarkers and successfully differentiated between controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. The image was generated with the assistance of ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,"Vincristine (VCR) is a highly neurotoxic chemotherapy drug. Our study showed that VCR can lead to axonal and neuronal degeneration in the spinal cord of old rats. The histopathological image of the scan that demonstrated the degenerative process in the spinal cord of old rats was used as the cover background. The neurodegeneration demonstrated in the histopathological image shows spherical vacuoles containing macrophages, indicating the phagocytic and neuroinflammatory processes induced by VCR in the spinal cord of aged rats. This unprecedented result may be a key indicator of how VCR may be more neurotoxic to old compared to young individuals, also demonstrating a mechanism that potentially triggers peripheral neuropathy in the elderly. The cover image was generated using Image Creator from Microsoft Designer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_1,2023_6.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_8.png,A,"Efferocytosis links macrophage reprogramming and liver metastasis
Hepatic colonization by pancreatic cancer cells is accompanied by low-grade tissue injury and efferocytosis, which promotes macrophage reprogramming and liver metastasis.
See Astuti et al.
Image: Yuliana Astuti, University of Liverpool, UK. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vitg,6_1.txt,"Mapping the microenvironment architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma
Spatial single-cell profiling of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma samples maps microenvironment architecture and heterogeneity, identifying functionally important immune cell populations.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lei Chen, National Center for Liver Cancer and Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_3.txt,vith,5_3.txt,"Stromal heterogeneity unraveled
Unravelling the dynamic changes in cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations during breast cancer progression.
See Friedman et al..
Image: Genia Brodsky & Scherz-Shouval lab, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,test
Developmental Cell,59_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_14.png,D,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,"On the cover: Progenitor progression into a complete plant system during de novo shoot regeneration is re-imagined in a humanoid fashion. In this abstraction, a white
line connects the progressive stages of development from bottom up. A glass shell
(signifying the shell of cells expressing cell-wall loosening enzyme, XTH9) generates
a circumferential force field around the progenitor and “encapsulates” the young progenitor
(juvenile plants shown in the lower two images). This is until the progenitor has
grown enough to “break open” the shell from within to emerge and develop into a fully
grown plant. The progression from “slouched” form with bud flower to “upright” form
with flower (in full bloom) conveys the finer aspects of later plant development.
To learn more about cell wall changes and how mechanical stress in progenitor cells
affect plant shoot regeneration, see Varapparambath et al. 2063–2080.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_8.txt,clip,57_8.txt,"On the cover: The image illustrates the idea of light-induced mechanical forces applied
to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. The robotic hands, glowing with shimmering
blue light, symbolize the optogenetic mechanostimulator. Upon light illumination,
the hands pull and thus stretch the ER. To learn more about the molecular details
of the ER-specific optogenetic mechanostimulator and insights into ER mechanosensitivity,
see Song et al. Image credit: Liting Duan and Qianjing Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_14.txt,groundtruth,59_14.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_3.png,C,"Unequal electricity regulation protection in Australia
Those living further from urban areas are at higher risk for procedural neglect of energy needs. White et al. find that remote communities and those with a majority Indigenous population are more likely to be underserved by electricity retail legal protections in Australia.
See White et al.
Image: Simonology / 500px / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_12.txt,ave_3,9_12.txt,"Offshore wind not at sea
Offshore wind power has been declining in price but is still considered expensive compared to other non-renewable and renewable energy sources. Jansen et al. use extensive energy auction data from five European countries to show that offshore wind energy may now be cheaper than fossil energy in many cases without subsidy.
See Jansen et al.
Image: Malte Jansen Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_5.txt,ave_2,5_5.txt,"Support for renewable energy infrastructure
Political will is needed for large-scale renewable energy infrastructure projects, which must also reflect constituents’ preferences. Caggiano et al. identify limited differences in partisan support for such projects in Pennsylvania, however elected officials underestimate support for renewables and the importance of job creation for constituents.
See Caggiano et al. and Policy Brief
Image: Michael Galinsky. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_3.txt,groundtruth,9_3.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_3.png,A,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,ave_2,2024_5.txt,DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt,ave_1,2022_3.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_1.png,B,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"The cover depicts an integrated methane dehydroaromatization modular process being transported to natural gas extraction sites across various geographical terrains, ranging from the Rocky Mountains to deserts. The network nodes on the left symbolize the use of computational tools to infer the optimality of the modular process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_6.png,B,"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent important drug targets as they regulate
pivotal physiological processes and they have proved to be readily druggable. On the
other hand, natural products have been and continue to be amongst the most valuable
source for drug discovery and development. On pages 309–326 of this issue, Gruber
and colleagues review peptides derived from scorpions, spiders, snakes, cone-snails
and plants, that modulate GPCR signaling and highlight these as potential lead compounds
for the development of GPCR ligands. Cover images courtesy of David Wilson and Martin
Olalde Quintanar. Cover design by Edin Muratspahić and Kusumika Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_9.txt,vith,40_9.txt,"Vsevolod V. Gurevich and Eugenia V. Gurevich discuss the biological
effects of free arrestins and the GPCR-arrestin complex, focusing on the regulation
of arrestin-mediated signaling, both receptor-dependent and -independent. They also
address the therapeutic tools needed to modulate the receptor-independent activity
of free arrestins. The cover image illustrates the structure of bovine arrestin-2
(PDB ID
1G4M, molecule A). In the scaled ball-and-stick model, the polar core's positively
(dark
blue) and negatively (red) charged residues, hydrophobic residues forming the three-element
interaction (yellow), finger loop (magenta), middle loop (dark green), and inter-domain
hinge (red) are depicted. The unresolved C-terminus in the crystal structure
(blue) is shown not to scale. The binding sites for clathrin (light green) and clathrin
adaptor AP2 (purple) on both non-visual arrestins are illustrated on the proximal
and
distal C-terminus, respectively. Additionally, the caspase cleavage sites in arrestin-2
(Asp380, pink ball) and arrestin-3 (Asp366, light blue ball) are highlighted. This
image is
adapted from Figure 2 of Gurevich and Gurevich and was created using DS ViewerPro
6.0 (Dassault Systèmes, San Diego, CA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_6.txt,groundtruth,45_6.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences is devoted to the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in celebration of
the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recently awarded to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka
for their pioneering work in the field. Both researchers are long-time esteemed contributors
to TiPS, and Brian Kobilka serves on our Editorial Board. Thus, we are especially
pleased to take this opportunity to congratulate them on their great science and to
highlight some of the exciting ongoing developments in GPCR research. Image courtesy
of Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_12.txt,clip,34_12.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,ave_1,40_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_2.png,C,"‘Endosomes as sorting stations’, inspired by the Review on p765
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_3.txt,vith,25_3.txt,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,vitg,25_9.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"'Microfluidic investigation' byVicky Summersby, inspired by the Review on p554.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/16_4.txt,clip,16_4.txt,val
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_20.png,B,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"The patterns on the conveyor belt on the cover represent the four ALD growth schemes mentioned in the text, namely, ""The one step ALD method for growing TMD films"", ""PE-ALD growth of TMD films"", ""ALD selective growth patterns"", and ""The two-step ALD method for growing TMD films"".",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,val
ACS Macro Letters,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_5.png,D,"The cover art demonstrates the helix-forming thin films, which have the ability to emit strong circularly polarized luminescence (indicating iCPL behavior) and to absorb specific circularly polarized light (also indicating iCPL behavior).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,"2,6-Azulene-based homopolymers were designed, synthesized, and incorporated into the Nafion matrix as proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells. Thanks to the dynamically reversible proton-responsive property of these azulene-based polymers, the proton transfer is facilitated effectively, and thus the proton conductivity of membranes and hydrogen fuel cell performance are much improved.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_8.txt,vitg,2022_8.txt,"The conformation and relaxation dynamics of local regions along the polymer chain of poly(methyl acrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles are measured by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE), respectively. Contrast matching conditions and selective deuteration are used to highlight regions of interest and indicate that portions of the polymer chains closer to the nanoparticle surface exhibit slower dynamics and more elongated conformations than regions farther away due to differing degrees of confinement. Image courtesy of Michael J. A. Hore.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_7.txt,clip,2018_7.txt,"The introduction of crown ether at the terminus marks a novel and effective strategy to not only elevate message readability, but also to increase the information storage capacity of digital polymers, leveraging a simple and classical property of crown ether since its discovery by a great chemist, Charles Pedersen, in 1967.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_2.png,B,"In this issue, on pages 307–316, Shah and colleagues highlight recent studies on plasticity-induced
alterations in ion channel trafficking in dendrites of neurons. Targeting of ion channels
is a dynamic process often associated with the shuttling of proteins to their destinations,
analogous to the movement of vehicles along highways, as shown on the cover. Furthermore,
like road signs on highways, various signalling molecules in dendrites can influence
ion channel expression and properties. The cover painting, titled, “I 270 South at
Rush Hour”, is by Maryland artist Robert D. LeMar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/33_6.txt,clip,33_6.txt,"Axonal regeneration is a highly complex process that requires the
coordinated action of multiple intracellular mechanisms. Unlike peripheral neurons,
central nervous system (CNS) neurons fail to activate a pro-regenerative program
following injury, resulting in severe neurological deficits. In this issue of Trends in
   Neurosciences, Diogo Tomé and Ramiro D. Almeida discuss the main intracellular
processes that drive the regenerative response and how their manipulation can
enhance the intrinsic growth capacity of injured CNS neurons. The cover features
an image of a growth cone (red), the precursor of axon regeneration, located at
the tip of a rat hippocampal axon (blue). The cover image was acquired by Diogo
Tomé and Ramiro D. Almeida.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_2.txt,groundtruth,47_2.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,"Axon regeneration after injury remains a daunting challenge. In this issue, two articles
focus on novel strategies aimed at promoting axon regeneration in the nervous system.
On pages 156–163, George Smith, Anthony Falone and Eric Frank review recent advances
in sensory axon regeneration, including strategies for promoting the functional reconnection
of sensory axons with their original synaptic targets after injury. In a review on
pages 164–174, Eun-Mi Hur, Saijilafu and Feng-Quan Zhou discuss the potential of enhancing
axon regeneration by direct modulation of growth cone cytoskeletal components, including
reviewing recent progress that has been made towards altering the growth rate and
trajectory of regenerating axons. Image credit: iStockphoto/MarianoR.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/35_10.txt,vith,35_10.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_43,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_43.png,B,"The cover illustrates a rationally designed and synthesized stable, nickel foam-supported, {–210} high-index facet-rich Ni3S2 nanosheet array, dubbed Ni3S2/NF, in action as a highly active, binder-free, bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the hydrogen evolution and the oxygen evolution reactions. See Asefa and co-workers, p 14023. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_8.txt,vith,2015_8.txt,"This study reveals two distinct pathways to synthesize hydrogels from random copolypeptides through ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides: rapid assembly into elongated fibril networks and the formation of robust fibril clusters, shaping the future of synthetic, biomimetic hydrogel design with custom-designed properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_43.txt,groundtruth,2024_43.txt,"Sandwich-type phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes have been limited to the dimer and trimer species in the past. This cover shows that the reaction of a double-decker Pc with a cadmium salt yields a discrete quadruple-decker Pc complex, which is the first buildup since the synthesis of a triple-decker Pc complex in 1986. See Fukuda and co-workers, p 6278.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_34.txt,clip,2010_34.txt,"A long polypeptide chain, exceeding 700 amino acids, is propelled through a protein nanopore. Phosphorylation-specific binders, when bound to the translocating peptide, create unique signatures that enable the detection of phosphoserine sites over 250 residues apart within a single chain. [Cover by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.txt,vitg,2024_17.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_17.png,A,The Cr-doped large single-crystal diamond was synthesized under a high pressure and high temperature. The addition of Cr reduces the nitrogen content in the diamond. A low nitrogen synthesis environment is more conducive to the doping of Cr atoms into the diamond lattice. The Cr atom exists in the diamond in the form of Cr,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_9.png,B,"Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_3.txt,ave_3,21_3.txt,"Black voices, inspired by the Viewpoint on p235.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_9.txt,groundtruth,24_9.txt,"‘Empowering women in science; time for change?’, inspired by the Viewpoint on p547
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_3.txt,clip,19_3.txt,"'Zooming in on HPV' by Carl Conway, inspired by the Review on p240.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/18_9.txt,ave_2,18_9.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/35_2.png,C,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"Developmental tissue formation involves the integration of a complex array of events,
from physical forces exerted by neighboring cells and epithelial sheets to the intracellular
signalling pathways controlling growth-related gene expression. In this issue of Trends
in Cell Biology, we offer reviews examining design principles that underlie tissue
development. Levayer and Lecuit (pages 61–81) review the biomechanics of the actomyosin
network and discuss how the complex dynamics of this network, alongside its ability
to self-organize and respond to mechanical feedback, all contribute to key cellular
processes such as cytokinesis, cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. Also in
this issue, Davidson (pages 82–87) discusses the physical laws that govern tissue
assembly with an introduction to the mechanics of epithelial sheet interactions, and
Varelas and Wrana (pages 88–96) review recent work on the developmental cross-talk
between the Hippo pathway – key to determining organ size – and other important signalling
cascades, such as those mediated by TGFβ_and Wnt. Cover image by ©iStockphoto.com/feoris.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_12.txt,vith,22_12.txt,"Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its
impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent
studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication,
revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and
remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle
communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid
detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated
intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,train
BDJ Student,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/31_1.png,D,"Vol 31 | Issue 2
In this spring issue of BDJ Student, our lead feature takes a closer look at four dental professionals who have taken their clinical knowledge and applied it outside the practice
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_2.txt,clip,31_2.txt,"-
Stress is a topic high on the agenda for many practising dentists. And so it seems fitting that this edition takes a look at how it can affect dental students when they least expect it. We're also talking social media, ethical dilemmas, clinical transitions and more.
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/26_2.txt,vitg,26_2.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 1
In this issue we hear from new BDA President Russ Ladwa, detail the career options for dentists in the UK and delve into oral medicine conditions you need to know about
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_3.txt,ave_1,28_3.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 3
As the new semester gets underway, BDJ Student leads on a question many of you have been asking: what does artificial intelligence mean to me as a student?
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_13.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_1,56_2.txt,"On the cover: Wiring cellular decision-making during trunk development. The image
shows a Trunk-Like Structures (TLS) used in this study in combination with a molecular
recorder to investigate progenitor cell dynamics during mouse gastrulation and early
organogenesis. TLS is depicted as a complex mixture of wires which reflect their underlying
cell types from fluorescent staining on top of a phylogenetic lineage tree with leaves
colored by different cell types, to symbolize the complex repertoire of differentiation
decisions that we characterized to ensure correct tissue morphogenesis. To learn more
about how the authors assess the features of axial elongation and trunk tissue morphogenesis
using TLSs, see Bolondi et al. Image credit: Adriano Bolondi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_13.txt,groundtruth,59_13.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,val
ACS Energy Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2025_1.png,A,"The study investigates how substituted phosphonic acids influence the oxygen reduction reaction on Pt catalysts, revealing that, in addition to site blocking, these acids can also enhance reaction kinetics. These findings offer valuable insights for designing ionomer structures that optimize cathode reactions in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover illustrates one potential mechanism for the influence of a nonthermal plasma on the catalytic conversion of molecular nitrogen to ammonia. Electron scattering off of dinitrogen induces vibrational ""ladder climbing"" that lowers the effective activation barrier for dissociation at a catalyst surface, enabling ammonia to be produced at conditions much less severe than conventional thermal catalytic processes. The associated Review discusses the evidence for this and other molecular-level phenomena at play in nonthermal-plasma-promoted catalytic transformations of robust chemical bonds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_8.txt,vith,2019_8.txt,"The cover depicts magnetic couplings between redox-active transition metal centers in typical intercalation-type battery electrodes, which lead to characteristic electron spin and magnetic properties. Such properties can be probed as the battery operates using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetometry and provide insight into the crystal and electronic structure, composition, defect chemistry, and working principles of rechargeable batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_1.txt,clip,2020_1.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_9.png,D,"On the cover: What if each cell contained its own “experimentalist,” determining whether
to turn on GFP expression depending on the particular signaling dynamics it encountered?
In this issue of Cell Systems, Pavithran Ravindran, Jared Toettcher, and colleagues develop and validate synthetic
gene circuits, based on an incoherent feed-forward loop architecture, that selectively
respond to pulses of signaling activity. This opens the door for uncovering both the
underpinnings and implications of signaling dynamics. Image created by Oliver Hoeller
(www.oliverhoeller.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_11.txt,ave_1,13_11.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,vith,10_3.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: 2nd and 3rd elementary landscapes (ELs) (top and middle, respectively)
and a linear combination of 2nd and 3rd ELs (bottom). Each vertex represents a unique
genotype, and colors indicate simulated fitness. Edges connect genotypes accessible
by a single mutation. In this issue of Cell Systems, Meger et al. experimentally characterize the DNA specificity landscape in the LacI/GalR family
of gene regulators, revealing its extreme ruggedness and providing insights into the
evolutionary dynamics shaping DNA specificity and regulatory function. Image credit:
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_9.txt,groundtruth,15_9.txt,train
One Earth,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_10.png,A,"On the cover: Clean water is vital to the health of our planet, yet increasing anthropogenic
pressures threaten this precious resource. Here, the graceful swirls of an algae bloom
reveal a water system imperiled by agricultural runoff, with consequences for biodiversity
and human health. Anton Petrus for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: This painting, and others in this series by John Sabraw, is inspired
by satellite imagery, dynamic flows of waterways, and the poetic beauty of complex
ecosystems. Sabraw incorporates sustainably sourced pigments that are extracted in
the process of remediating streams polluted from acid mine drainage from coal mining.
His collaborative team of engineers and environmentalists separate iron oxide pollutant
from clean water and transform it into safe and sustainable artist's pigment. As the
climate crisis continues to escalate, Sabraw's work offers an inspiring combination
of action, activism, and art that reminds us that there are many ways to make a difference.
For more of Sabraw's work, please visit https://www.johnsabraw.com/.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_11.txt,ave_1,5_11.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.png,A,"The cover of this issue is based on a network of ferroelectric domain walls in ErMnO3. See Everschor-Sitte et al.
Image: Dennis Meier, Jakob Schaab, amb design & illustrations. Cover design: Susanne Harris. [Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,"The cover of this issue shows an artistic representation of collective charge dynamics in cuprates, discussed in this month’s Viewpoint on high-temperature superconductivity. See Zhou et al.
Image: Greg Stewart, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"The cover shows a tiled microscopy image of a monolayer MoS2 sample, contacted with metal contacts. See Wang & Chhowalla
Image: Yan Wang, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,ave_2,6_5.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_5.png,B,"This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_9.txt,vitg,2020_9.txt,"Mn(III) chloride (TDCPP) can be used as an abiotic CYP enzyme for the metabolic activation of genotoxic chemicals, such as cyclophosphamide, in in vitro cell-based bioassays as an animal-free alternative to rat liver microsomes or S9 fraction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,Application of Stable Isotope-Labeled Compounds in Metabolism and in Metabolism-Mediated Toxicity Studies. See article on pp 1672–1689. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2008_4.txt,ave_2,2008_4.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_8.png,C,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,vith,37_4.txt,"In the May issue of Trends in Parasitology, Schwartz, Hams and Fallon take a closer look at how helminths may both damage and
repair allergic lung inflammation. The cover shows an inflamed and healthy lung lobe
pierced by the Rod of Asclepius entwined with a hookworm. Cover artwork by Joanna
Ogmore Tilley, 2017, acrylic on canvas.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/34_8.txt,clip,34_8.txt,"Obesity or overweight is the result of consistent high-caloric diet
consumption. Obese adipose tissue is the niche of chronic low-grade inflammation that
spreads to other tissues and is mediated by pro-inflammatory innate cells, predominantly
M1 macrophages, neutrophils, T helper 1 cells, and their secretory cytokines. Helminths
such as hookworms induce an altered type-2 and anti-inflammatory immunomodulation
mediated primarily by M2 macrophages, eosinophils, basophils/mast cells, and
regulatory T cells. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Sikder et al. review the role of
helminths in reducing metabolic syndrome and discuss these protective mechanisms
for developing novel anti-diabetes drugs. The cover image shows adipose tissue
through scanning electron microscopy. Image credit: Getty Image/Steve Gschmeissner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_8.txt,groundtruth,40_8.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.png,D,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,ave_0,2_1.txt,"In this Review, Bonanno et al. describe multiple outcome trajectories following adversity and consider how the different components of regulatory flexibility can promote resilience.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_2.txt,clip,2_2.txt,"Complex spatial cognition supports seemingly simple actions like picking up a coffee mug. In this Review, Fiehler and Karimpur discuss the spatial coding underlying such actions and suggest that research should integrate across spatial scales.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,groundtruth,3_2.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_1.png,C,"The exchange of water across the Antarctic continental shelf break brings warm waters towards ice shelves and glacier grounding lines. Ocean glider observations reveal that eddy-induced transport contributes significantly to this exchange. The image shows the deployment of a Seaglider in the northwestern Weddell Sea in January 2012.
Letter p879
IMAGE: ANDREW THOMPSON
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/7_1.txt,ave_0,7_1.txt,"The oceans are becoming more acidic as they absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide — this may limit the ability of marine organisms to secrete carbonate. A sediment-trap study shows that in the Southern Ocean the shell weights of a surface-dwelling single-celled organism with a calcite shell are lower than pre-industrial values, probably as a result of increasing ocean acidity. The image, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, shows a modern Globigerina bulloides shell recovered from a sediment trap in the Southern Ocean. Image courtesy of Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.
Letter p276; Backstory p308",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/2_9.txt,clip,2_9.txt,"The future of deep ocean drilling
The recent decommissioning of the JOIDES Resolution vessel run by the International Ocean Drilling Program presents a challenge for research reliant on deep-ocean drilling. The image shows the ship’s drilling derrick behind pipe racks involved in the collection of deep-sea sediment cores during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 403 to the Fram Strait during the summer of 2024.
See Q&A.
Image: Thomas Ronge, IODP JRSO. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,"Interactions between narrow frontal currents and topography in the Drake Passage enhance bottom mixing, according to ocean glider observations. Such interactions between frontal currents and topography could help close Southern Ocean overturning. This image shows Neumayer Channel near the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Article p840; News & Views p806
IMAGE: XIAOZHOU RUAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,train
Immunity,57_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_10.png,D,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: The protagonist of the special feature in this issue of Immunity is the regulatory T cell (played by the policeman on the cover). Regulatory T (Treg)
cells have been under intense scrutiny because of their potent ability to suppress
(depicted by the action of the policeman and the red stop symbol) the activity of
other cells and hence regulate immune responses such as those that could promote autoimmunity.
Recent advances and outstanding issues include an understanding of the molecular regulation
of Foxp3, which is the key transcription factor for the Treg cell lineage (Josefowicz
and Rudensky, pages 616–625), the developmental and functional differences between
thymic-derived and periphery-induced Treg cells (Curotto de Lafaille and Lafaille,
pages 626–635), the mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo (Shevach, pages 636–645),
the plasticity of these cells and hence the stability of this lineage (Zhou et al.,
pages 646–655), and finally, their therapeutic potential in the clinic (Riley et al.,
page 656–665). Waldmann and Cobbold (pages 613–615) provide an overview by relating
these challenging subjects to transplantation tolerance. Artwork by Paul Gilligan.
Printed with permission from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/30_2.txt,ave_2,30_2.txt,"On the cover: Cancer patients often receive a combination of antibodies targeting
PD-L1 and CTLA4, but there is little mechanistic insight into whether and how these
therapeutic approaches synergize in specific disease settings. Franken et al. examine the contribution of anti-CTLA4 to anti-PD-L1 therapy in head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and identify CD4+ T cell activation and recruitment from tdLNs are hallmarks of early response to anti-PD-L1
plus anti-CTLA4 in HNSCC. The potential of combination approaches in cancer immunotherapy
is illustrated as a puzzle cube with each facet of the cube containing immune cells
or mechanisms that, when aligned, have the potential of contributing to anti-tumor
immunity. Image created by Amelie Franken.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_10.txt,groundtruth,57_10.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_6.png,A,"Heterotypic interactions for condensate transition
Various neurodegenerative diseases typically involve amyloid formation, which can develop from condensates that include RNA-binding proteins; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not entirely clear. It is now evident that, depending on their RNA/protein stoichiometry, these condensates will proceed towards amyloid formation through distinct molecular pathways. The biomolecular condensate on the cover is shown with the texture of a section of its interface shown at a greater resolution to illustrate the droplets' aggregation transition.
See Morelli et al.
Image: Amanda Paganini. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_6.txt,groundtruth,16_6.txt,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,ave_2,7_10.txt,"The success of natural products and their derivatives as drugs has encouraged researchers to seek further inspiration from nature in the discovery of novel bioactive small molecules. Two Articles in this issue describe attempts to mimic aspects of natural-product biosynthesis in the preparation of diverse molecules for screening. The cover is an illustrative metaphor for the connection between nature and drug discovery. The honeycomb, prevalent in nature, represents a vast array of reactions, with the highlighted cells representing those reactions that yield products with specific biological activity.Editorial p841; Interviews p845, 846; News &#38; Views p851; Articles p872, 877 IMAGE: ANDREY KUZMIN/ALAMYCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/6_3.txt,clip,6_3.txt,train
Current Biology,34_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_4.png,B,"On the cover: A young adult ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus). In this issue, Jahanbakhsh and Milinkovitch (pages 5069–5082) show that multiple
divergent species of lizards have independently evolved dynamics of scale-by-scale
skin color patterning. This process emerges from the superposition of the bumpy skin
geometry (due to the presence of scales) on top of the self-organized chromatophore
cells. The authors further demonstrate that reaction-diffusion, cellular automaton,
and Lenz-Ising models predict, in all species, the statistical features of the patterns
despite their substantially different motifs, whereas reaction-diffusion better predicts
exact scale-by-scale colors. Finally, Jahanbakhsh and Milinkovitch show that residual
scale-by-scale error is entirely explained by uncertainties in skin geometry and in
color measurements at the juvenile stage, making reaction-diffusion remarkably performant
without the need to parametrize the profusion of variables at the nanoscopic and microscopic
scales. Image by Fabrice Berger.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_2.txt,clip,32_2.txt,"On the cover: A close-up view of the head of a tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). In this issue, Han and Carr demonstrate an additional auditory pathway that does not involve the tympanic middle
ear shown in this image. The saccule, an inner ear organ typically associated with
balance, is crucial for detecting substrate-borne vibrations in geckos and possibly
other lizards and snakes. This auditory role of the saccule is an ancestral feature
found in fish and amphibians and is likely preserved in amniotes via the lepidosaurian
lineage. Photograph © Duncan Leitch, used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_4.txt,groundtruth,34_4.txt,"On the cover: Albino (left) and wild-type (right) hummingbird bobtail squid (Euprymna berryi) hatchlings. In this issue, Ahuja et al. (pages 2774–2783) employed CRISPR to create
knockout lines for genes that produce pigment in the skin and eyes. The resulting
albino squid are nearly transparent, which enables researchers to visualize neuronal
activity in vivo. Image by Carrie Albertin and the MBL Cephalopod Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_12.txt,ave_2,33_12.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_4.png,A,"Alternative mRNA splicing allows for the expansion and diversification
of the proteome, and this process can be activated by specific stimuli, such as
small molecule metabolites. In this issue, Cui et al. reviewed recent findings on the
metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing, with a focus on the biochemistry of mRNA
splicing and the impact of metabolic cues on alternative mRNA splicing. A creative
approach to combining mRNA splicing and metabolites is shown on the cover, with
sushi representing splicing-regulating metabolites and an orange cat choosing and
emptying plates to represent RNA splicing. Cover design by Qingyu Shi and Colette
Maya Macarios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_4.txt,groundtruth,34_4.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"In this Special Focus – Genomic Regulation issue, Trends in Cell Biology delves into
the nucleus to examine recent findings on myriad forms of genomic regulation, from
co-transcriptional splicing to Xist, and the role of such regulation in cell biology.
The cover was inspired by the concept of the DNA double helix as a starting point
for an impressive technical feat: employing layers of regulatory mechanisms in order
to engineer the specific expression patterns needed for proper cellular function.
Drawn in the style of Leonardo da Vinci, the DNA double helix is depicted alongside
Italian mirror writing describing technical aspects of the major and minor grooves
and the nucleotides. Cover image by Jackie Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_7.txt,vith,21_7.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_7.png,A,"Machine learning with nonlinear optical neural networks
Photonic computing offers many advantages over traditional digital computing, such as high parallelism and low energy consumption, yet current development has been mostly limited to linear operations. In this issue, Hao Wang et al. introduce a large-scale nonlinear photonic neural system based on disordered polycrystalline materials. The system generates both linear and nonlinear optical speckle features, forming a complex neural network that can be used for computing tasks. The authors demonstrate that this nonlinear system provides advantages over linear optical systems for various machine learning tasks, including image classification, regression, and graph classification. The cover image depicts the neural network formed by light scattering through a disordered medium.
See Hao Wang et al. and Tianyu Wang
Image: Hao Wang, Ecole Normale Supérieure and Tsinghua University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,"Enabling large-scale simulations for nanophotonics
The cover depicts light from three incident angles being scattered from a disordered structure. Modeling such systems requires solving Maxwell's equations numerically, which demands heavy computing resources, especially for large-scale simulations. In this issue, Lin et al. introduce a method — called augmented partial factorization — that can efficiently perform such a modeling task by solving Maxwell's equations only for the quantities of interest. The method is also applicable to other linear partial differential equations.
See Lin et al. and Liu
Image: Yihan Huang (Hayley). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"Efficient protein model refinement with deep learning
Protein refinement methods, which are used to improve the quality of protein structural models, commonly rely on extensive conformational sampling, and therefore, are very time-consuming. In this issue, Xiaoyang Jing and Jinbo Xu propose a method that uses graph neural networks to substantially reduce the time taken to refine protein models, from hours to minutes on a single CPU, while having comparable accuracy with the leading approaches in the field.
SeeXiaoyang Jing and Jinbo XuandPhilip Kim
Image: Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Adversarial learning extended to the quantum domain
The cover depicts quantum adversarial learning on a superconducting platform, where the shield held by a fencer represents the defense of a quantum learning model against potential adversarial attacks. The arena, with a symbol of atoms at the center, represents a programmable quantum processor providing the underlying learning framework.
See Ren et al. and Banchi
Image: Wenhui Ren, Weikang Li, Wenjie Jiang. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_2.txt,vitg,2_2.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_4.png,B,"Functionalization by transfer
Functionalization of C(sp 3)–H bonds via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is typically photo- or electrochemically induced, is a key transformation in the synthesis of complex molecules. This Focus issue overviews technological, catalytic and method-based innovations that have enabled this field to develop.
The cover image is from a Perspective describing how HAT catalysis facilitates acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling between two C–H bonds.
See Ohmatsu and Ooi
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Room-temperature m-benzyne
The room temperature and atmospheric pressure synthesis of m-benzyne is reported. Benzyne is a highly reactive organic intermediate derived from benzene and while the properties of o- and p-benzyne isomers have been studied in detail, m-benzyne in the ground state has previously been experimentally difficult to access.
See Koyamada et al.
Image: Masanobu Uchiyama, University of Tokyo. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,vith,3_11.txt,"Conjugated aromatic systems
This Focus issue overviews the synthesis and computational study of various conjugated aromatic molecules and polymers as well as their electronic and chemical properties. The incorporation of these molecules and materials in devices or in catalysis is discussed.
The cover image depicts the synthesis of polyacene inside the channels of a metal−organic framework.
See Kitao et al.
Image: Takashi Kitao, Takumi Miura and Takashi Uemura, The University of Tokyo. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_9.png,C,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,"Toxicological assessment of compounds to aquatic life plays an important role in protecting the water environment from their hazards. We present a web-based server, AquaticTox, for predicting acute toxicity of organic compounds in aquatic organisms. This tool could facilitate the identification of aquatic toxic chemicals and the design of green molecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Dietary intake of arsenosugars from seaweed, clams, mussels, and oysters confounds studies of arsenic methylation efficiency in humans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_3.txt,ave_2,2023_3.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_779,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_779.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,"ONLINE COVER Transforming Lung Cancer. The cover illustrates a lung adenocarcinoma cell (pink) transitioning to an intermediate state (purple) that can then transdifferentiate into a lung squamous cell carcinoma cell (red) or small cell lung carcinoma cell (blue). This issue of Science Translational Medicine features a Focus article by Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, the winner of the 2024 AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, which is given each year to a young scientist who has made important contributions to the field of cancer research. Credit: Fathema Z. Uddin",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_760.txt,ave_2,16_760.txt,"ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_757.txt,clip,16_757.txt,"ONLINE COVER Inflammation Identification. The cover image depicts different subtypes of T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represented by different cells with the tile colors representing either an inflammatory or conventional phenotype. Although some patients with T-lineage ALL respond well to standard chemotherapy, others either do not respond at all or relapse after an initial response. To better stratify patients and understand disease heterogeneity, Gower et al. performed multiomics analysis on T-lineage ALL patient samples. The authors identified an inflammatory subtype of T lineage-ALL that was associated with poorer outcomes and insensitivity to dexamethasone. However, this subtype exhibited unique sensitivity to the clinically-approved BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax. The authors used this information to develop an inflammatory gene score that could be used to stratify patients and personalize treatments. Credit: SciStories",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_779.txt,groundtruth,17_779.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.png,D,"As a kind of facile tool, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been widely used in analytical and biomedical fields. However, limited flow control ability hinders their use in biofluidics fields, which require continuous perfusion. Here, the authors designed a novel, low-cost, and compact platform to address this problem. This platform has the potential to integrate with bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip, and can be developed into an organ-on -μPADs system. As most of the parts of this platform can be created using a three-dimensional (3D) desktop printer, it can be easily duplicated by other researchers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2017_9.txt,vith,2017_9.txt,marine-derived polysaccharides,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2016_1.txt,clip,2016_1.txt,A promising extrusion system based on an interfacial diffusion printing technique for one-step printing of tubular tissue grafts is proposed. The hydrogel grafts with the capability of enduring arterial pressure are mechanically stable in rabbit carotid artery replacement. Τhis work putσ forward a new bioengineering platform including high-performance materials and convenient techniques for small-diameter vascular grafts suitable for the coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,", first fabricating frameworks of hydrogel models by stereolithography and subsequently modifying the fabricated models with hydroxyapatite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,test
Trends in Cell Biology,34_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_8.png,D,"Cell biology is a discipline rooted in understanding the basic functions of the cell.
Historically, cell biologists tried to understand the proteins and processes that
regulated cellular function, but as time went on, it became apparent that dysregulation
of many of these processes contributed to various diseases and disorders. In an effort
to foster drug development, scientists have begun to focus their research efforts
on more translational applications by understanding the mechanisms driving disease.
In this special issue, we highlight some of the recent developments in cell biological
research that could ultimately lead to important clinical applications. Cover image
courtesy of ©iStockphoto and adapted by Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_1.txt,vitg,23_1.txt,"Among the different forms of cell death is the nonapoptotic program, ferroptosis,
which is driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species as a result
of the loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).
In this issue (pages 165–176), Yang and Stockwell review the mechanism of ferroptosis
regulation and its implications in both normal and pathological physiology. The cover
depicts metabolic pathways (pipes) that converge to supply Gpx4 (hose) with the reducing
power (water) needed to eliminate oxidative damage to lipids, such as lipid peroxidation
(fire). Image designed by Nicoletta Barolini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_12.txt,clip,26_12.txt,"Cell biology is a discipline rooted in understanding the basic functions of the cell.
Historically, cell biologists tried to understand the proteins and processes that
regulated cellular function, but as time went on, it became apparent that dysregulation
of many of these processes contributed to various diseases and disorders. In an effort
to foster drug development, scientists have begun to focus their research efforts
on more translational applications by understanding the mechanisms driving disease.
In this special issue, we highlight some of the recent developments in cell biological
research that could ultimately lead to important clinical applications. Cover image
courtesy of ©iStockphoto and adapted by Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_2.txt,ave_1,23_2.txt,"In ancient China, families would hold coronations for children upon reaching adulthood.
Similarly, eukaryotic mature RNA features a canonical m7G cap at the 5’-end. In contrast, the noncanonical NAD+ cap is added through ab initio capping and is vulnerable to degradation through deNADding and deNMNning. These NAD+-capped RNAs are spliced and polyadenylated similar to m7G-RNAs, and are enriched
in mitochondria. In this issue, Ma et al. outline the detection, sequencing methods, and functional significance of NAD+-capped RNAs on pages 355–359. Cover image by Yong Chen from Riblab workshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_8.txt,groundtruth,34_8.txt,test
Cell Systems,16_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/16_1.png,D,"On the cover: Transparency can change your perspective. In the Editorial in this issue
of Cell Systems, Quincey Justman (1–2) clarifies how editors make decisions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_6.txt,ave_2,9_6.txt,"On the cover: Electrical waves propagate along linear tracks of engineered excitable
cells (iOS-HEK cells). In this issue of Cell Systems, McNamara et al. (359–370) show that the spiking patterns of iOS-HEK cells depend
sensitively on the shape of the tissue in which they are embedded. Beating of cardiomyocytes
also depends on the tissue geometry, implying that efforts to model cardiac arrhythmias
in vitro must account for the difference in geometry between cell culture and the heart.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_3.txt,vith,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Heatmap of temporal activity of ERK, measured using the modified ERK
kinase translocation reporter (KTR) and read out as cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio in thousands
of single A375 cells, before and after treatment with 10 nM Trametinib indicated by
the black line. In this issue of Cell Systems, Hoffman et al. find that ERK and p38 KTRs can be partly phosphorylated by CDK2, a phenomenon unmasked
under MAPK pathway inhibition. The authors show that the modified FRET-based sensor,
EKAREN5, does not show this crosstalk and that, by co-expressing the ERK or p38 KTR
with the CDK2 sensor, contributions of CDK2 activity on the KTR signals can be removed.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/16_1.txt,groundtruth,16_1.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_9.png,A,"Repeated adaptation occurs when different lineages respond to similar
environmental challenges. If the same genes are involved, the genetic basis of adaptation
might be predictable. On pages 396–407, Magdalena Bohutínská and Catherine Peichel
propose that divergence time among lineages is a key factor driving variability in
gene
reuse during repeated adaptation. They discuss the underlying causes and show that
more recently diverged lineages exhibit higher gene reuse but the relationship becomes
less clear at older divergence time scales. The cover image shows three mostly lowland
lineages of Arabidopsis arenosa (bottom row), which have repeatedly adapted to the
alpine environment (top row). Photos courtesy of Doubravka Požárová.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_9.txt,groundtruth,39_9.txt,"Coevolution, where two or more interacting species cause reciprocal evolutionary changes
in each other, has often been invoked to explain some patterns of diversification
but there has been comparatively little discussion of how the process might take place.
On pp. 82–89 of this issue, David Althoff and colleagues take a rigorous, scientific
look at the likely mechanisms and outline what needs to be known before we can conclude
a particular case of diversification really is being driven by coevolution. The cover
illustrates this with a bogus yucca moth ovipositing into the stalk of its host, Yucca reverchoni, overlain by the phylogenies of both the plant and the insect. Background photograph
by Kari Seagraves and cover designed by David Althoff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_11.txt,vitg,29_11.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vith,38_12.txt,"On pages 897–907, Masato Yamamichi and colleagues discuss whether adaptation to intraspecific
conflict can promote species coexistence. Adaptation to intraspecific conflicts can
lead to the evolution of “selfish traits” that reduce population growth rates, and
density-dependent evolution of such selfish traits can enhance species coexistence.
The cover image shows the damselfl y (Ischnura senegalensis) mating. The presence of two female colour morphs is an adaptation to male mating
harassment, and its presence relaxes sexual conflict and increases population performance.
Photo credit: Yuma Takahashi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/35_3.txt,clip,35_3.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_2.png,C,"The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt,vith,2016_8.txt,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,clip,2015_2.txt,that can directly measure gene transfer in soil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/8_1.png,A,"Urea solidified
In their work, Xiaolin Zheng and colleagues couple hydrogen peroxide-selective oxygen electroreduction with precipitation of urea from urine resulting in wastewater purification and co-production of the solid nitrogen source percarbamide.
See Shi et al.
Image: Xinjian Shi, Henan University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Super CO2
In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
See Qi et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt,vith,6_9.txt,"Redesigned biocatalyst
Simultaneously expanding the scope of electrophiles and nucleophiles for hydroamination reactions catalysed by ammonia lyases is a formidable challenge that requires a thorough reconstruction of the protein’s active site. Here, Cui et al. use a mechanism-based computational strategy to redesign the enzyme, generating a versatile hydroamination biocatalyst for C–N bond formation and demonstrating its synthetic value in the preparation of a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic and charged non-natural amino acids.
See Cui et al.
Image: Bian Wu. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"Artificial biocatalytic systems
Biocatalysis is an enabling technology for a more sustainable future. This Insight provides an overview of engineering enzymes and microbes, as well as methods for interfacing them with abiological materials to improve their performance and range of applications.
The cover comes from an Article by Julia Sanz-Aparicio, Víctor Guallar, Manuel Ferrer and co-workers on engineering enzyme scaffolds with two active sites to synergistically combine biological and new-to-nature chemical transformations.
See Alonso et al.
Image: Julia Sanz-Aparicio (CSIC). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,train
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2017_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.png,B,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,groundtruth,2017_4.txt,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_5.png,C,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vith,46_1.txt,"In this issue, on pages 345–354, Singer and colleagues highlight recent studies that
uncover actively “jumping genes” in developing neurons of the brain. These “jumping
genes”, also referred to as retroelements or LINE-1 (L1) elements, are mobile elements
that insert extra copies of themselves throughout the genome using a “copy and paste”
mechanism. Although L1 sequences are highly abundant in the human genome most copies
are retrotransposition incompetent; yet some full length, intact elements exist that
can be active. Active L1 elements are able to influence chromosome integrity and gene
expression upon reinsertion. Silenced in adult somatic tissues, L1 elements were found
to be jumping in germ cells and during early embryonic development and, surprisingly,
in developing neurons. An unexpected high number of copy number increases in newborn
neurons suggests that many new and independent insertions can occur in each neuron,
creating a potential mechanism for neuronal diversity that makes each person unique.
The cover illustration (courtesy of Jamie Simon and Mike Sullivan) depicts over 700
faces of the Salk Institute community (San Diego, CA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/33_5.txt,clip,33_5.txt,"Childhood and adolescence represent periods of particular vulnerability
for air pollution neurotoxicity. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Megan Herting,
Katherine Bottenhorn, and Devyn Cotter discuss the routes whereby air pollution may
reach the brain, and review neurodevelopmental processes impacted by exposure.
They highlight the need for further mechanistic studies, as well as longitudinal analyses
in large and diverse participant samples, including individuals from groups that face
disproportionate exposures and have been historically underrepresented in biomedical
research. Image credits: Chris Madden / Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_5.txt,groundtruth,47_5.txt,"Neuronal signaling and plasticity require tight control over protein levels
near synapses. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Stefano Giandomenico, Beatriz
Alvarez-Castelao, and Erin Schuman discuss our present knowledge of neuronal
proteostatic regulation and highlight outstanding questions in the field. The cover
features an artistic depiction of the Lake of the Ozarks’ jagged shoreline to symbolize
the complex morphology of a neuron. Similar to a lake-based ecosystem, where every
creek and inlet can form a ‘microenvironment’ with characteristics different from
the main
basin, dendrites, spines and synaptic boutons form ‘proteostatic microenvironments’
that enable neurons to respond to and integrate external inputs differently. These
differences in the local proteome are achieved through protein transport from somata,
but also by the coordinated action of the protein synthesis and degradation machinery
in remote dendritic and axonal locations. Cover design by Stefano L. Giandomenico.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_12.txt,vitg,45_12.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.png,C,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,ave_3,2014_5.txt,"A harmonious collection of glycans and glycoconjugates, called the glycocalyx, encases many cells to orchestrate interactions with the extracellular environment. Cover image by Cristina Corbaci, Meg Critcher, Timothy O",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_2.png,D,"Assessing water scarcity for decision making
Effective water interventions rely on robust projections of water availability. Greve et al. identify changes in the uncertainty range of anticipated water scarcity conditions that can improve decision making for water management.
See Greve et al.
Image: Robert Burtscher. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"Olympics’ declining sustainability
Despite efforts to make the Olympics 'greener', a study by Müller and colleagues reveals the Summer and Winter Games have become less sustainable over time due to size, spending and footprint.
See Müller et al.
Image: The Asahi Shimbun / Contributor / The Asahi Shimbun / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_9.txt,vith,4_9.txt,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Litigation and environment
Seeking environmental justice requires vast amounts of written law and armies of lawyers to adjudicate them fairly. Litigation between various types of stakeholders is a primary means of navigating these laws and should be studied for what it reveals about how environmental law impacts both nature and society.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_98,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_98.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Specialized Macrophages Repair the Lung After Damage. Airborne pathogens and pollutants can cause long-lasting lung damage, but how lung myeloid cells contribute to postinjury repair is not fully understood. Ruscitti et al. identified a population of Ly6G+ macrophages that emerges during the early recovery phase after influenza virus–triggered lung injury in mice. These Ly6G+ macrophages were short-lived, monocyte-derived cells that populated alveoli near the site of damage and promoted epithelial repair. This month’s cover illustration depicts damaged lung alveoli as burning buildings, from which falling debris (representing signals such as GM-CSF and type 2 cytokines) promotes monocyte differentiation into reparative Ly6G+ macrophages. Credit: Adeline Deward/Illumine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_98.txt,groundtruth,9_98.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,ONLINE COVER Sinusoidal Patrolling. This month's cover features a cutaway illustration of lymphocytes and erythrocytes traveling down a narrow liver sinusoid lined by fenestrated endothelial cells. A Review by Ficht and Iannacone summarizes current knowledge about the hepatic T cell subsets tasked with immune surveillance. Lymphocyte processes can extend through the small pores in the sinusoidal passages in search of stimulatory ligands displayed on hepatocytes. The T cell on the right is a cytotoxic CD8+ cell that is in the process of killing a hepatocyte displaying activating peptide-MHC ligands. [CREDIT: PAOLO MONTUSCHI/GRAFICA BIOMEDICA],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_51.txt,vitg,5_51.txt,ONLINE COVER Double Feature. This month's cover illustration is an artist's depiction of changes in intratumoral CD8+ T cell function elicited by combination cancer immunotherapy. Wang et al. report that treatment with both agonist anti-GITR and blocking anti-PD-1 antibodies (only affecting the right half of the T cell) triggers transcriptional pathways that lead to enhanced cellular activation (orange cell membrane) and increased cytokine production (dark blue ovals emerging from cell surface). Synergistic activation of the in vivo CD8+ T cell response is associated with robust tumor elimination (with tan cancer cells infiltrating only alongside the untreated left half of the T cell). [CREDIT: RACHEL URKOWITZ],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/3_29.txt,vith,3_29.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_4.png,C,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_3.txt,vitg,2025_3.txt,"This cover picture depicts electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia by a novel hybrid material, Ag-TAM. Tellurium macrocycles were interlinked via silver–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,The cover shows an electron beam and a diffraction pattern as well as two representations of a porous copper phosphonate. The intralayer ad/desorption process of water molecules was elucidated in situ by electron diffraction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2023_51.txt,clip,2023_51.txt,val
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_7.png,A,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"The cover art emphasizes the role of surface topography in biomaterials, demonstrating how designed surfaces improve cell adhesion and migration, reminiscent of rock climbers on a rough terrain. It showcases a new surface modification strategy that provides osteogenic and immunomodulatory capabilities, essential for the long-term durability of biomaterials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2024_35.txt,clip,2024_35.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,vitg,2015_41.txt,"is enabled by Ag–N dynamic bonding between AgNWs and the bipyridyl-modified PDMS substrate, which provides insights on future designs of electronic skin integrating mechanical and electrical self-healing capability in wearable optoelectronic devices. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2020_51.txt,ave_1,2020_51.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_5.png,C,"The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt,vitg,13_8.txt,"The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies.
See Walton et al.
Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,"Illuminating the mechanisms of small-molecule-induced protein proximity and degradation
Small-molecule-induced ternary complexes of NanoLuciferase (NLuc)-fused E3 ligase and a HaloTag-fused neosubstrate are shown. The induced proximity between the two proteins leads to bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between the blue luminescent NLuc and the pink BRET acceptor. The formation of these ternary complexes leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the neosubstrates by the proteasome as shown in the background.
Image : Martin Schwalm, Goethe University Frankfurt. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_5.txt,groundtruth,19_5.txt,"Probing the molecular context of proteins
This cover illustrates the applicability of the MAC (Multiple Approaches Combined)-tag system to probe the interactome and molecular context of the protein of interest. In this issue, Liu et al. describe a streamlined AP-MS and BioID protocol and a data analysis web tool that, together, provide an easy to way to interpret the subcellular distribution of any protein of interest.
See Liu et al.
Image: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio). Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_3.txt,vith,15_3.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_21.png,C,"Molecular nanoparticles are unique elements for macromolecular science. From the library of molecular nanoparticles, giant molecules of precise primary structures can be designed and synthesized in a modular fashion. They are able to further assemble into diverse hierarchical structures. What would the properties of this class of materials be? See page 1221.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_21.txt,vitg,2014_21.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,Giant carbosilane dendrimers form a stable and perfect cubic lattice when exposed to solvent vapors. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,Efficient synthesis of thermoresponsive macromonomers and sterically stabilized polystyrene latex particles.  See page 7692.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_6.txt,vith,2011_6.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.png,C,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.png,B,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,ctivity-in,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_9.png,C,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Waas et al. develop an accessible, low-input proteomics platform called DROPPS. The cover image
is an artistic rendering of the proteomics platform where the disco balls, generated
from heatmaps, represent cellular heterogeneity. Image credit: Matthew Waas, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,val
Trends in Microbiology,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_7.png,D,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems
biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves
the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or
protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network,
that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from
Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_3.txt,vith,19_3.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"Nitrogen (N) is absolutely essential to life as we know it. Though
atmospherically abundant, N must first be converted, or “fixed,” prior to biological
uptake
and crop fertilizer manufacturing. Synthetic N-fixation, today responsible for half
of all fixed
N, comes with profound economic and environmental costs. Fortunately, an alternative,
ancient biological strategy—catalyzed by microbially hosted nitrogenase proteins—holds
enormous bioengineering potential for sustainable N-fixation. Yet, researchers have
been
unable to mimic this elegant biological solution and lack an understanding of environmental
drivers in its evolution, limiting predictions for how biological N-fixation will
respond to a
changing climate. In this special issue, Holly Rucker and Betül Kaçar review the complex
history of nitrogen fixation over billions of years of planetary history.
Image courtesy: Prof. Betül Kaçar, UW-Madison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_5.png,D,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"The reviews in this issue are focussing on new emerging trends within the maturing
field of plant systems biology. In one of the reviews, on pages 212–221, Seung Yon
Rhee and Marek Mutwil introduce computational and statistical approaches and omics
data used for inferring gene function in plants, with an emphasis on network-based
inference. The authors also discuss caveats associated with network-based function
predictions such as performance assessment, annotation propagation, the guilt-by-association
concept, and the meaning of hubs. Finally, the authors note the current limitations
and possible future directions such as the need for gold standard data from several
species, unified access to data and tools, quantitative comparison of data and tool
quality, and high-throughput experimental validation platforms for systematic gene
function elucidation in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"The crop selection process has created a genetic bottleneck ultimately restricting
breeding output. On pages 42–52 Abdelhafid Bendahmane and colleagues discuss how wild
relatives of major crops as well as the so-called “neglected plant” species represent
a reservoir of genetic diversity that remains underutilized. Those species could be
used as a tool to discover new alleles of agronomical interest or as a target of breeding
programs to translate in neglected crops what was discovered in major crops and reciprocally.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,"Living organisms rely on chemical and mechanical stimuli to adapt to
their environment. Among these stimuli, vibrations transmitted through substrates
are particularly important in influencing animal behavior and triggering physiological
responses in plants. This has led to the development of the field of biotremology,
which is
experiencing significant growth in both fundamental research and practical applications
such as pest control. As connections between biotremology and chemical ecology
become apparent, there is a growing need for a shared standardized vocabulary in the
overlapping areas to facilitate mutual understanding among different audiences. Valerio
Mazzoni and colleagues propose an updated set of terms in biotremology rooted in
chemical ecology, using the suffix “-done” derived from the classic Greek word “δονέω”
(pronounced “doneo”), meaning “to shake”. Image credit: Valerio Mazzoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_5.txt,groundtruth,29_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_3.png,B,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,clip,2015_41.txt,"This cover art depicts a conceptual visualization of an advanced imaging system, featuring an array of microbolometers interfaced with a nanostructured graphene material. The graphic represents high-speed data processing and the dynamic interaction between the microbolometer array and terahertz radiation at the nanoscale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover art features the production of MOF–thermoplastic polymer composites in customizable forms using a 3D printer. The article by Evans et al. details methods to access MOF structures or devices in a reproducible, precise, and automated fashion and in form factors difficult or not possible with traditional production methods. Retention of the high surface area and characteristic chemical interactions of the distributed and embedded MOFs was achieved within both rigid and flexible thermoplastics. The interfacial interactions between the two components and the MOF loading were found to heavily influence the internal pore structures of the printed materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_35.txt,ave_1,2018_35.txt,"Graphics collage collected from the articles published in the Forum on AIE Materials: (top to bottom) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (15), pp 12217",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_36.txt,vitg,2018_36.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_6.png,C,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Unravelling diet–microbiome interactions
This image depicts a Rube Goldberg-type representation of the gut microbiota, playfully showing the process of converting various food items into metabolites. In this issue, Quinn-Bohmann et al. have developed a community-scale metabolic modelling approach for predicting personalized short-chain fatty acid production by the gut microbiota in response to prebiotic, probiotic and dietary inputs. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid of interest in the paper, is featured as golden stick figures towards the bottom of the composition.
See Quinn-Bohmann et al.
Image: Sam D'Orazio and Institute for Systems Biology (ISB). Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_6.txt,groundtruth,9_6.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2025_1.png,A,"Metal–organic frameworks featuring well-defined active sites enable efficient activation and conversion of methane, promoting sustainable production of value-added chemicals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_5.txt,ave_1,2023_5.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_3.png,B,"On the cover: The ability to control when and where a signaling pathway is activated
in the embryo has been a long-standing challenge in developmental biology. Such precise
control is now possible using optogenetics, enabling researchers to study the “dark
side” of developmental signaling: how increasing the dose, domain, or duration of
a developmental signal affects embryogenesis. This possibility is illustrated in Drosophila adults (white), larvae (light blue), and embryos (multiple colors), arranged as on
the cover of Pink Floyd’s album The Dark Side of the Moon. The embryos are spatially illuminated to spell out signaling components in optogenetic
protein recruitment, as described by Johnson et al., pp. 185–192.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/40_5.txt,ave_2,40_5.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts mRNA translation within the appressorium of the rice
blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Ribosomes (purple) move along the mRNA, decoding genetic information. The eukaryotic
elongation factor (eEF1, yellow) escorts aminoacyl-tRNA (blue) to the ribosome, facilitating
protein synthesis. A conserved tRNA modification (red dot) enhances eEF1-tRNA interaction,
promoting the translation of genes essential for appressorium function and fungal
infection. In the upper right, an asexual spore develops into a dome-shaped appressorium
(gray) following this mRNA translation. To learn more about how this modification
controls fungal infection, see He et al. Image credit: Rongrong He, Yinan Li, and Zhipeng Zhou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_3.txt,groundtruth,59_3.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_1,57_15.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,test
Nature Food,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_1.png,C,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Agricultural by-products for feed
Global consumption of animal-sourced foods must decrease if more sustainable food systems are to be achieved. Yet, projections suggest that the demand for livestock products will continue to grow over the next half-century. Strategies to curb the demand for crop-based feed are therefore key to reduce environmental impacts and free up land and water resources for agricultural production for human consumption. The replacement of some substitutable feed crops with available agricultural by-products, such as cereal bran, sugar beet pulp, molasses, distiller’s grains and citrus pulp, is one of these strategies. Replacing 11–16% of energy-rich feed crops (that is, cereals and cassava) with agricultural by-products is estimated to save approximately 15–27 Mha of land, as well as 3–19 km3 and 74–137 km3 of blue and green water, respectively.
See Govoni et al.
Image: Design Pics Inc / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,"Africa’s pastoral–agropastoral transition zones
Africa’s most extensive transition zones between the arid–semi-arid agropastoral system and the livestock-only pastoral system occur in the Sahelian and Sudanian belt. Livestock-based pastoral and agropastoral production systems predominate in the arid–semi-arid zones of Africa. Livestock have considerable socio-cultural and economic importance in these regions, supporting millions of livelihoods. Transition zones are expected to suffer with the aggravation of climate change, particularly through the impact of heat stress on agricultural production. Although adaptation strategies offer some relief, the future of these systems requires a long-term vision.
See Thornton et al.
Image: David Fettes/ Connect Images/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"Transition to sustainable diets
Adoption of the EAT–Lancet reference diet across the world will be challenged by heterogeneity in food systems, dietary patterns, socio-economic development and environmental boundaries. Current domestic food supplies will need to transition for populations to achieve healthy, sustainable diets — and that endeavour varies in complexity across food groups and countries. The food supply of countries highest in the socio-economic development index, at present, is characterized by animal-based foods, fats and sugars in excess of the reference diet. Countries of lower socio-economic development have excess domestic supply of cereal and starchy root foods, and all countries have inadequate supply of legumes, nuts and fruits to achieve the reference diet.
It has previously been reported that adoption of the EAT–Lancet diet will decrease agricultural greenhouse gas emissions globally but increase them from some, primarily low- and middle-income, countries. Now, transition of food supply towards the EAT–Lancet reference diet is shown to reduce the global water footprint by 12%, but increase that of 54 low- and middle-income countries, representing 40% of the world’s population.
See Tuninetti et al.
Image: Merrill Images / Corbis Documentary / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_11.txt,ave_3,3_11.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.png,B,LiFePO4–Li,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_47.txt,clip,2024_47.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,test
Nature Reviews Materials,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_8.png,D,"Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al.
Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt,ave_1,4_10.txt,"Solution-processed networks of 2D materials are promising for applications in printed electronics, but more research is needed to understand how they are electrically limited by the junctions between nanosheets and their macroscopic electrical properties. The cover image is an artistic illustration showing electrons flowing from a gold electrode across a nanosheet network. See Adam Kelly et al.
Image: Adam Kelly and Katarzyna Stachura. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_10.txt,clip,7_10.txt,"2D materials exhibit diverse properties and can be integrated in heterostructures: this makes them ideal platforms for quantum information science. This Review surveys recent progress and identifies future opportunities for 2D materials as quantum-dot qubits, single-photon emitters, superconducting qubits and topological quantum computing elements. See Liu & Hersam.
Cover Image: Xiaolong Liu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_3.txt,vith,4_3.txt,"Memristors are two-terminal devices that display memory in the form of electrical resistance. Solution-processed memristors are arising as an attractive technology enabled by the versatility of solution-processed materials, but conscious analysis and demonstration of their performance and reliability are required to enable practical applications. The cover art depicts the opportunity presented by solution-processed methods to synthesize different materials (metal oxides, 2D materials, polymers) to build memristors for potential use in cryptography, data storage and artificial intelligence. See Pazos S et al.
Cover: David Johnston. The 2D material model is adapted from is adapted from Chen C. et al, Cancer Nanotechnology 13,29 (2022), CC BY 4.0",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,train
Nature Food,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_12.png,D,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Focus on cellular agriculture
There are many viewpoints on how cellular agriculture technologies can benefit or hinder sustainable food system transformations.
This focus issue takes stock of the field from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our contributors comment on sustainability, food justice, corporate power and potential for greenwashing, virtue ethics, scaling for impact and antimicrobial resistance, and examine tensions and opportunities for moving forward.
See Editorial, Comments by Tuomisto, Ellis et al., Broad and Chiles, Howard, Bomkamp, Holmes et al. and Alvaro, World View by Friedrich, and Feature by Gruber
Image: Monty Rakusen/Getty Images. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Urban agriculture
Urban food systems still rely almost entirely on imported goods and services. The acceleration of urbanization is therefore expected to place greater demands on resources that are already strained by shifting land use, rising inequalities and climate change. Urban agriculture represents a promising lever to reduce this pressure while inducing a broader transformative change towards urban resilience and sustainability. Scaling up urban agriculture will need to address diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, spatial synergies and trade-offs, nonlinearity, scale and polycentricity. This transition could prompt the decentralization of urban food supplies, bolster ecosystem services, mitigate transboundary environmental footprints and advance urban resilience. Multi-phase developmental pathways, including dynamics, accelerators and feedback associated with scaling up urban agriculture, should be considered in support of food security for the growing urban population.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lim Weixiang - Zeitgeist Photos/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,train
Nature Water,2_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_9.png,D,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"How cellulose fibres grab lithium from seawater
Most of the global lithium is produced from brine using large evaporation ponds, which negatively impacts ecosystems and limits production. Chen and colleagues report an interfacial evaporation method for swift and selective extraction of lithium from saline water using twisted cellulose fibre crystallizers. The cover image depicts the mineral crystals formed on the fibres.
See Chen et al.
IMAGE: Bumper DeJesus, Princeton University. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"Agricultural trade and its impacts across population groups
The nexus of water, agriculture, and trade has global implications on multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for the most vulnerable populations. The study by Weiyi Gu and colleagues finds striking trade-induced asymmetric water impacts across population groups. It thereby underscores that international agricultural trade eases water scarcity yet exacerbates inequity, disproportionately favouring more affluent populations. The authors urge future water and trade policies to strive for a better balance across multiple critical SDGs to achieve sustainable development for all.
See Gu et al.
Image: Weiyi Gu, Peking University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_9.txt,groundtruth,2_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.png,D,"Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is highly sought after for mid-IR nanophotonics, nonlinear and quantum optics, and as an efficient UV emitter. This Review surveys the synthesis, physical properties and applications of hBN.
Cover Design: Trong Toan Tran",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_5.txt,clip,4_5.txt,"Machine learning is a powerful tool in materials research. In this Focus Issue, our collection of articles looks in depth at applications of machine learning in various areas of materials science ‒ from the design of photonic devices and the optimization of alloys, to the engineering of high-performance polymers and nanoparticles. We also highlight how machine learning algorithms enable the interrogation of complex and large biomedical datasets, and explore synergies between computational sustainability and materials science. See Rise of the machines
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_5.txt,vitg,6_5.txt,"The field of molecular magnetism has expanded from the chemical design and study of single-molecule magnets and magnetic materials, to more physics- and nanotechnology-driven areas. In this Review, this change in focus is discussed and molecular magnetism in combination with either molecular spintronics, quantum technologies, metal—organic frameworks or 2D materials is outlined. See Eugenio Coronado
Cover Image: Eugenio Coronado, Universitat de Valencia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_11.txt,ave_2,5_11.txt,"In this Focus Issue we explore new research directions in the field of moiré materials, including results from global and local probe studies, the use of interlayer hybridization for property tuning, potential commonalities with the physics underlying strongly correlated materials, and the recent discovery of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect. See the Editorial
Cover design: David Johnston. Cover image: Nuckolls, K.P., et al. Nature 620, 525–532 (2023).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.txt,groundtruth,9_6.txt,train
Joule,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_6.png,B,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Yi et al. introduce a simple method to fabricate high-quality perovskite films at room temperature
by precisely regulating the perovskite composition with an organic linker. The cover
art depicts perovskite films on natural leaves, which can be fabricated using this
method without thermal annealing. The optimized device achieved an impressive efficiency
of 24.4%, surpassing the efficiencies of previous room/low-temperature-processed perovskite
solar cells. Image credit: Jeongung Cho (3D Morph).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents putting the “pieces” together of renewable
building blocks from biomass with reclaimed PET (rPET) to synthesize fiberglass-reinforced
plastics (FRPs) that can be used in high-value materials applications such as in wind
turbine blades. In this issue of Joule, Rorrer et al. (1006–1027) demonstrate that rPET can be deconstructed and subsequently
combined with monomers obtainable from biomass. The resulting FRPs exhibit superior
mechanical properties compared to the petroleum-based incumbent while using significantly
less energy in their manufacture on a per dollar basis when compared to typical-FRP
manufacture and chemical bottle-to-bottle recycling. Cover art by Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_9.txt,ave_2,3_9.txt,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_395,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_395.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that describes how two atypical PKC isoforms, PKMζ and PKCι/λ, can compensate for each other during short- and long-term memory. Memory formation requires a persistent strengthening of excitatory transmission at specific synapses. The image shows an artist's rendering of synaptic transmission. [Image: Rost9/shutterstock]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/10_505.txt,clip,10_505.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how antipsychotics stimulate the synthesis of a distinct set of proteins to increase neuronal complexity. The image shows the dendrites of a neuron exposed to haloperidol. [Image: Heather Bowling, New York University School of Medicine]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_308.txt,vitg,7_308.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on erythropoietin (Epo) signaling and the possibility that Epo may promote the growth of cancer cells. The image depicts two possible forms of the Epo receptor (a homodimer and a heterodimer) that may mediate Epo signaling in cancer cells. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_395.txt,groundtruth,2007_395.txt,COVER This week features a Protocol that describes software used to explore how polarization in membrane lipids occurs in response to chemotactic stimuli. The image depicts the simulated PIP3 concentration when a cell is experiencing chemotactic stimuli from two point sources at opposing poles.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_378.txt,vith,2007_378.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_5.png,C,"The cover illustrates the general crystal structure of POM-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials that do not contain any protons. Such protons in the heteropolyacid precursors are completely exchanged with the organic cations, driven by the noncovalent interactions between the cations and anions, in the as-synthesized hybrid materials, irrespective of the synthesis methods and the types of the heteropolyanions and organic cations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2023_42.txt,vith,2023_42.txt,The cover illustrates the use of different acetylpyridine ligands in the design of two new cyanido-bridged Fe(II)−Ag(I) coordination polymers displaying thermally- and photo-induced spin crossover. The choice of the acetylpyridine ligand is the key to the observed properties. Cover art designed by Jezreel Parra and Carlos Cruz.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,"Insertion of the alkyl-substituted germylene Ge(FluTMS)2 with germanium halides opens different ways to form Ge–Ge bonds, as shown by the two isolated compounds (FluTMS)2Ge(Cl)GeCl3 and [FluTMSGeCl]4. The reaction with a Ge(I)Br solution is still a complex black-box system that has been slightly uncovered by using germylenes as cluster building blocks and observing their involvement in insertion reactions. The background image was created using Microsoft Designer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"The cover illustrates a remarkable tetrameric {UO22+}-incorporated polyoxotungstosilicate, which was demonstrated to be an effective bifunctional Lewis acid-base catalyst for the synthesis of pyrazoles via condensation reactions under mild conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_93,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_93.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Treating a Primary Immunodeficiency with CRISPR. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a range of inherited, sometimes fatal, inflammatory diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cytotoxic machinery of immune cells. Li et al. developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)–based CRISPR–Cas9 system combined with nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibition to repair memory T cells from perforin (Prf1)-deficient mice as well as from pediatric patients with FHL2 (PRF1 deficiency) or FHL3 (Munc13-4/UNC13D deficiency). Repaired mouse T cells could then prevent or cure FHL2-like disease in Prf1-knockout mice triggered by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–driven B cell hyperproliferation. This month’s cover illustration depicts CRISPR–Cas9–mediated repair of a cytotoxic T cell (red), which allows it to secrete normal cytotoxic granules (pink) and effectively kill virally infected B cells (blue). Credit: A. Fisher/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_92.txt,ave_0,9_92.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER Glycoengineering the Tip of the Spear. This month’s cover depicts cellular soldiers (blue myeloid cells at the left and green T cells at the right) rushing to battle cancer cells. Leading the charge is an Fc-enhanced form of an anti–PD-L1 checkpoint blockade antibody. Using mice humanized to express human Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), Saban et al. found that the in vivo antitumor activity of anti–PD-L1 antibodies was enhanced by removing fucose residues from glycans on the human IgG1 Fc region to promote binding to activating FcγRs on myeloid cells. Treatment with afucosylated anti–PD-L1 enabled depletion of immunosuppressive PD-L1+ cells in the tumor microenvironment and blocked inhibitory signaling in PD-1+ T cells. These findings suggest that modifications in the Fc scaffold of currently used anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy drugs could yield a boost in their antitumor activity. Credit: Marzia Munafò",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_81.txt,vitg,8_81.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Neuroimmune Circuit Drives Chronic UTI Pain. Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) can cause urinary frequency and chronic pelvic pain, even after the original bacterial infection has resolved. Hayes et al. detected the sprouting of nociceptive (pain-sensing) sensory neurons in bladder biopsies from rUTI patients. When they recapitulated this phenomenon in a murine rUTI model, they found that bladder nerve sprouting was triggered in mice by the release of nerve growth factor (NGF) from bladder-resident mast cells and recruited monocytes during the infection. Inhibition of chronic mast cell activation, however, could curb NGF release and nerve sprouting to limit pelvic pain. This month’s cover illustration depicts mast cells (purple) releasing NGF (blue vesicles) to promote the sprouting of nerves (yellow and orange). Credit: N. Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_93.txt,groundtruth,9_93.txt,train
Nature Food,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_3.png,A,"Rice resistance to insects
Intensive crop production systems are highly susceptible to pests. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) poses a major threat to rice cultivation, damaging plants by feeding on phloem sap, depositing eggs and transmitting viruses. Although rice plants respond to BPH infestations through a complex signalling network, the insect has developed strategies to bypass this natural defence, including the activation of susceptibility genes. One such gene, OsLRR2, encodes a leucine-rich repeat protein that facilitates BPH infestation further, compromising yields. Recent field trials show that knocking out OsLRR2 can substantially reduce BPH infestation and enhance biological control by attracting natural enemies. This mechanism can be leveraged to develop high-yielding, pest-resistant rice varieties through advanced breeding techniques.
See Kuai et al.
Image: Nigel Cattlin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"Pollinator protection
Insecticide exposure is a key global driver of pollinator declines. Organophosphates, which account for more than a third of insecticide sales worldwide are highly toxic to pollinators. Utilizing the capability of phosphotriesterase enzymes to hydrolase linkages in organophosphates, it may be possible to develop in vivo detoxification systems for managed pollinators. Microcolonies of bumblebees fed pollen patties contaminated with malathion, the widely applied organophosphate pesticide, demonstrated 100% survival when also fed with phosphotriesterase-encapsulated pollen-inspired microparticles. Pollen-mimicking, enzyme-loaded microparticles may have potential to be deployed at low cost and large scale, incorporated into supplemental feeds, to detoxify organophosphate insecticides in stored nectar and pollen.
See Chen et al.
Image: Stephen McDaniel, McDaniel Photography. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_8.txt,ave_3,2_8.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Disruptive vision
Anthocyanin accumulation in ‘rainbow rice’, created through conventional breeding, confers a purple hue in the leaves and grains. In this issue, Steinwand and Ronald describe how genomic analyses and new plant breeding technologies can be leveraged to generate the next generation of food crops with enhanced agronomic and nutritional traits, and Herrero and colleagues assess the readiness of disruptive technologies in the transition to a more sustainable food system.
See Steinwand et al. and Herrero et al.
Image: Anat Sukeewong, Rice Science Center and Rice Gene Discovery, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_2.png,C,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,ave_0,24_9.txt,"‘Support bubbles’, inspired by the Review on p474.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_5.txt,clip,24_5.txt,"‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.txt,vitg,25_7.txt,val
CELL RESEARCH,34_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_5.png,C,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,ave_1,29_9.txt,"The image depicts the legendary Chinese weapon ‘FangTian Ji’, a formidable combination of a spearhead and two crescent blades. This symbolizes the powerful bacterial two-component anti-phage defense system DUF4297–HerA. DUF4297 and HerA cooperatively assemble to activate their respective nuclease and ATPase activities, effectively eliminating invading phages. See page 545–555 by Qiyin An et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_5.txt,groundtruth,34_5.txt,"The cover implies that the human coronavirus family consists of some evil members like the Hydra in Greek myth, while the entry inhibitor (EK1C4) like an arrow shoots the heart of the viruses, the conservative HR1-trimer, to block six-helical bundle (6-HB) formation and inhibit viral infection. See page 343-355 by Shuai Xia et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_9.txt,ave_3,30_9.txt,test
Developmental Cell,59_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_21.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of a cross-section of the human genital ridge
at 6 weeks post-fertilization, including the gonad and the mesonephros. The gonad
is populated by NR2F2+ stromal cells (highlighted in magenta), while the mesonephros
features NR2F2+ and GATA2+ stromal cells (highlighted in green). During development,
the mesonephros functions initially as a kidney, later transforming into a sex-specific
reproductive tract. To learn more about human fetal sex-specific gonadogenesis and
the development of the reproductive tract, see Taelman et al. Image credit: Sylwia Czukiewska.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_21.txt,groundtruth,59_21.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,vitg,57_15.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,test
Nature Chemistry,16_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_5.png,D,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Although scientists are able to reproduce many structural aspects of cellular compartmentalization found in biology, achieving mimicry of their social behaviours is somewhat more challenging. Now, Stephen Mann and co-workers have prepared a community of synthetic cell-like bodies, or protocells, in which ‘killer’ coacervate microdroplets (stylized on the cover in blue) target a population of proteinosomes (orange), lysing their membrane and capturing their payload. This research not only provides insight to how precursors to early cellular life may have operated, but also delivers a possible platform for new technologies.Article p110News &amp; Views p107IMAGE: DR YAN QIAO, UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOLCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_11.txt,clip,9_11.txt,"The cover image shows an artistic impression of large single crystals comprising covalent organic networks. A team led by James Wuest made these materials through the reversible polymerization of organic monomers bearing four tetrahedrally oriented nitroso groups and characterized them using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Such a modular construction is typically used to build monocrystalline materials held together by non-covalentbonding interactions, but is now also shown to work for covalently bonded analogues.
Article p830; News &#38; Views p810
IMAGE: SOPHIE DUBOIS ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE LAB (ORIGINAL PAINTING: ACRYLIC ON CANVAS, 2012).
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/5_3.txt,vith,5_3.txt,"Shaping a supramolecular synthetic cytoskeleton
Cells are able to modify their shape and adapt to the environment because their cytoskeleton, which is composed of proteins, forms a dynamic framework. Ronit Freeman and co-workers have now used programmable peptide–DNA technology to build a synthetic cytoskeleton in artificial cells that can change shape, enabling the cells to react to their surroundings. The cover shows an artistic rendition of cytoskeletal-reinforced synthetic cells.
See Freeman et al.
Image: Justin Hill and Ronit Freeman, UNC-Chapel Hill. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_5.txt,groundtruth,16_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_8.png,B,"COVER: Spotlight on tumour-associated macrophages, inspired by the Review on p402.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,"The two faces of copper metabolism in cancer, inspired by the Review on p370.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,"Antigen presentation in cancer, inspired by the Review on p604.
Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_4.txt,ave_2,20_4.txt,"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors as a double-edged sword, inspired by the Review on p254.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_24.png,B,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,ave_1,21_6.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a developing human forebrain organoid at day 60, which
has a “tree-like” structure. Neural progenitor cells are marked by SOX2 (green), lysosomes
are marked by LAMP1 (white), and nuclei are marked by DAPI (blue). During the development
of embryonic neocortex, there are abundant endolysosomes in the neural progenitor
cells near the ventricle. Using our analogy to a tree, they function like roots, absorbing
nutrients from the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle to maintain the proliferative
capacity of the neural progenitor cells. As differentiated intermediate progenitor
cells and neurons migrate upward along the “trunk,” the cortical plate is formed.
To learn more about how lysosomal dynamics regulate neurogenesis, see Zou et al. Image credit: Yuqing Lv and Wenzheng Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_24.txt,groundtruth,59_24.txt,"On the cover: From roots of stem cells to mammary majesty: the image is a visual narrative
of the origin of mammary gland from hair-associated apocrine glands. The tree of life
transforms into a portrait of a face, with roots as embryonic stem cells (white) that
differentiate into branched mammary glands, represented by the hair. To learn more
about how to generate the mammary lineage in 3D organoids by directed differentiation
of mouse ES cells, see Sahu et al. Image credit: Sounak Sahu, Joseph Meyer, and Allen Kane.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_23.txt,clip,59_23.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,vitg,56_2.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_1.png,B,"Human neurons in culture
Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.
See Miura et al.
Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,ave_2,17_12.txt,"Creating 3D models of a coastal cliff with the iPhone LiDAR sensor
The iPhone LiDAR sensor is used to generate accurate 3D representations of a coastal cliff. The LiDAR sensor allows the rapid generation of detailed 3D models giving insights into object size, volume and geometry. This enables precise measurements of the cliff erosion processes over time. See Luetzenburg et al.p3520.
Image: Gregor Luetzenburg, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_1.txt,groundtruth,19_1.txt,"Reading and writing digital data in DNA.
To illustrate the capabilities of this protocol the first cover image and the first five articles published in Nature Protocols (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp 1–29) were stored on 12,474 short DNA sequences and retrieved without error by next-generation sequencing.
See Meiser et al.
Image: Linda Meiser and Robert Grass. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_12.txt,vitg,15_12.txt,"The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies.
See Walton et al.
Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_23.png,A,Artist depiction of an actively translating ribosome. Translation activity of medicinal mRNA was shown to be enhanced by modified nucleosides such as 1-methylpseudouridine. Cover art by Mark Helm.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"A glycosaminoglycan target is synthesized and modified through the integrated use of chemical and enzymatic methods. Chemoenzymatic synthesis can be performed in solution phase or using a solid support. Cover art by Xing Zhang and Lei Lin. See article by Huang, Linhardt and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00420). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"From simple glycosyl iodide building blocks, complex glycan structures emerge in step economy synthetic processes. See Account by Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00357). Cover art design by Simon Park and Steven Oerding. Image of torus used under license from Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_12.txt,vitg,2016_12.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,vith,2012_7.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.png,C,"Evaluating NMR chemical shifts of large proteins can be highly demanding from a computational perspective. MIM-NMR is a fragment-based linear scaling method to evaluate accurate chemical shifts of large molecules. We have benchmarked the MIM-NMR method on a protein, E6-bind Trp-cage (PDB 1RIJ). The cover picture depicts the structure of the 1RIJ protein molecule solvated by 92 explicit water molecules embedded in a SMD implicit solvation model. This is one of the largest systems studied using ab initio levels of theory.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2017_10.txt,ave_2,2017_10.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"This work presents a novel automatic machine learning-based manifold learning approach to discover essential transition components with kinetic properties. The circuit in the cover story represents neurons transmitting kinetic information from high-dimensional space into the protein structure of interest. The conformational space of the peptide (shown as sticks) is explored comprehensively in the protein pocket with shape complementarity considered. The lower curves with starring points indicate the long-lasting conformations, which can be used to guide subsequent drug design and lead optimization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,We have studied the reaction mechanism of the retaining glycosyltransferase ppGalNAcT2 using a combination of computational methods. The cover image shows the free energy surface calculated using metadynamics and a minimum free energy reaction path optimized using the string method. Both approaches yield a highly similar description of the reaction. The reaction proceeds from the reactant state (UDP-GalNAc + Thr; left) to the product state UDP + Thr-GalNAc; right) over a single barrier (transition state structure on top).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2016_1.txt,ave_3,2016_1.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_1.png,A,"This cover art illustrates the chemical structures of A-series Novichok nerve agents (A-230, A-232, and A-234) overlaid on a flask with a skull, symbolizing their lethal design as chemical weapons. The image features a hazmat-suited figure, evoking the protective gear used during the 2018 Novichok poisoning investigation in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. A neuron in the background highlights the nerve agents' primary biological target.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_9.txt,clip,2020_9.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,ave_1,2024_2.txt,Chemicals: What Are Oxidoreductases Doing? See Review on pp 38–42. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2015_12.txt,ave_3,2015_12.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_1.png,D,"The cover image illustrates the aluminum (Al) ion receptor ALR1 (Beacon Tower)that senses toxic aluminum ions, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS; smoke) generation and accumulation of STOP1 (commander),thereby activating organic acid anion (arrow) secretion to detoxify Al. See page 281–294 by Zhong Jie Ding et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.txt,ave_2,34_9.txt,"The cover implies that when the translation of the proteins en route to the ER (symbolized by the high speed train going through a tunnel) is stopped by a poly-A stalling sequence, this scenario will trigger ribosome UFMylation in the cell to lauch a translocation-associated protein quality control. See page 5-20 by Lihui Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_12.txt,vitg,30_12.txt,"The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details.
Designed by Yipin Wu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_8.txt,clip,31_8.txt,"This image depicts a story of a powerful AI comet merging in the life science universe. The information in millions of single-cell transcriptomes was distilled to create a large foundation model named GeneCompass, which uses cutting-edge foundation model AI technologies to decipher universal gene regulatory mechanisms and shows tremendous potential for accelerating advancements in life science research.See page 830–845 by Xiaodong Yang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_1.txt,groundtruth,34_1.txt,val
ACS Nano,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_2.png,D,"The cover art showcases an advanced doubly gradient architecture of a core-shell nanoplatelet, which concentrates excitons by leveraging its large absorption cross-section and highly efficient in-plane carrier transfer process. The center exhibits highly efficient and customizable radiative recombination, similar to how cosmic spiral nebulae concentrate and collide under the force of universal gravity, giving birth to a dazzling aurora.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2023_5.txt,vith,2023_5.txt,"This cover image features a sphere suspended on a complex three-dimensional network structure, symbolizing the stability and innovative design of SNWs-PAO6, highlighting its excellent lubrication performance. The image reflects the potential and breakthroughs of nanomaterials in tribological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_3.txt,vitg,2024_3.txt,"The cover schematically shows borophene nanoribbons growing on a vicinal silver surface. Borophene nanoribbons host diverse nanoelectronic phenomena including quantum confinement, Friedel oscillations, and striped moiré patterns. The high degree of polymorphism and diverse edge topologies in borophene nanoribbons provide a rich platform for studying one-dimensional electronic states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_52.txt,clip,2024_52.txt,"sequential-logic-in-memory (S-LiM) concept using a single van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor (vdW FeFET) capable of performing sequential logic operations in two non-volatile states. This compact and energy-efficient design offers substantial advantages for edge computing, positioning the vdW FeFET as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing devices that require high performance and versatility in resource-constrained environments. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_7.png,C,–56. DOI:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"authored by friends and colleagues of Mark. Cover image originally appeared in volume 3, issue 7 (April 5, 2012) of J. Phys. Chem. Lett. The figure is composed of work published in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_10.txt,vith,2021_10.txt,. The image portrays light incident on the particle–surface system being funneled into polaritons supported by the surface. This effect is experimentally demonstrated by Abdullah et al. through the observation of enhanced light-to-surface coupling assisted by gold disks placed at an optimum distance from a gold surface. The strategy provides a solution to the long-standing problem of light–polariton coupling in nanophotonics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Jeong-Hwan Lee et al. introduce a novel machine-learning algorithm for optimizing OLED structures. This algorithm efficiently and automatically evaluates optimized OLED structures for achieving a target emission color using two CIEscore and Zscore indicators with a remarkably small error margin of less than 0.5% for RGB-emitting OLEDs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_8.png,B,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,ave_2,26_1.txt,"Recent advances in FGF21 biology and pharmacology have led to
clinical trials testing long-acting FGF21 analogues and antibody-based mimetics
for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic comorbidities. This month, Xu and
colleagues (pp 371—384) discuss the challenges and future directions in the clinical
implementation of FGF21-based drugs for metabolic disorders. The cover image
depicts a warrior fighting obesity-related comorbidities: his shield, showing the
structure of FGF21, symbolizes the protective roles of FGF21 analogues in alleviating
MASH and hypertriglyceridemia, whereas his knife and armor represent the therapeutic
potential of combination therapy based on FGF21 analogues and other hormones
against metabolic diseases. Artwork credit: Zara Siu Wa Chui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_8.txt,groundtruth,35_8.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_10.png,C,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,vith,52_10.txt,"Integrating Databases
The Alliance Genome Database represents the combination of information from six different organisms, including worms, flies, yeast, zebrafish, mouse, and rat. With the integration of these data, biologists can more easily explore their own results.
See Howe et al.
Image: Laptop: pbombaert/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/47_2.txt,clip,47_2.txt,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,groundtruth,53_10.txt,"Licensing out that novel mouse
A novel mouse model can be a valuable asset to the institution that developed it. Understanding the various distribution agreements available can help developers protect their intellectual property (IP) while still getting their new mouse out to others to use. That’s more important than ever as technological advances in making new models change the IP landscape.
See Weintraub
Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_7.txt,ave_1,48_7.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_6.png,C,"Hard as nails
Using high-powered lasers at the US National Ignition Facility, iron has been compressed to 1.4 TPa in order to measure its equation of state under the extreme conditions it would experience at the core of a massive terrestrial planet. This result generates an experimentally based mass–radius relationship for a hypothetical pure-iron exoplanet.
See Smith et al.
Image: Mark Meamber/NIF. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,"A crescent-shaped heliosphere
3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the heliosphere is not elongated and comet-like, but rather has a smaller crescent-like shape. The model agrees with observations obtained by Cassini, New Horizons, and the two Voyager spacecraft.
See Opher et al..
Image credit: Merav Opher, Boston University Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,"A warm Earth-sized planet ready for characterization
SPECULOOS-3 b is an Earth-sized planet around a cool (2,800 K) red dwarf 16.8 parsecs away. Orbiting in only 17 hours and thus highly irradiated, it is one of the most favourable rocky planets for characterization — for example by JWST — also because of the unusual quiet state of its star.
See Gillon et al.
Image: Lionel Garcia, Flatiron Institute. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_6.png,C,"In this issue
This month we reflect on the lack of improvement in child dental health in recent years and the current impact of the cost-of-living crisis.
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_10.txt,vith,36_10.txt,"In this issue
In this issue we discuss some of the challenges 2021 will face, from outreach programmes to paediatric dentistry's recovery
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_12.txt,ave_3,34_12.txt,"In this issue...
July's BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into the state of the debate surrounding global oral health and sugar - have we been here before?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_6.txt,groundtruth,37_6.txt,"In this issue...
As the sugar debate rages on, one question stands out from the rest: how far do we need to take 'sin taxes' to improve oral health?",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_1.txt,clip,32_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_9.png,B,"Use of AI for imaging of coronary atherosclerosis, inspired by the Roadmap on p51.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.txt,vitg,21_12.txt,"Global echocardiography for rheumatic heart disease, inspired by the Evidence-based Guidelines on p250.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"Cardiovascular risk stratification for spaceflight, inspired by the Review on p667.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.txt,ave_3,21_3.txt,"Climate change and CVD, inspired by the Review on p798.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_1.txt,clip,19_1.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_11.png,D,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,vith,2024_12.txt,Photon upconversion converts multiple low-energy photons to a high-energy one. The cover image depicts the sensitization of photon upconversion by semiconductor quantum dots and the emission of upconverted photons through the annihilation of two emitter triplets. This strategy can be potentially applied in solar energy conversion and beyond.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,val
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.png,C,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,vith,2017_9.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,clip,2017_4.txt,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,train
One Earth,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_3.png,C,"On the cover: 2021 could be the year that defines our future. High-level international
conferences on climate change, biological diversity, and food security will seek to
take stock of the global situation and chart a course toward a sustainable and fair
world by 2050. Will this be the year when holistic, integrated plans for environmental
action are sewn together, or are semi-formed strategies set to unravel? Image courtesy
of Andrzej Wojcicki via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Blue foods and small-scale fisheries are vital for the resilience of
coastal communities, providing essential nutrition, economic stability, and cultural
identity. However, they face threats from overexploitation, climate change, and habitat
degradation. Inclusive governance of these resources is crucial for maintaining traditions
and ensuring economic and nutritional stability for current and future generations.
Image: Image Source, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_1,5_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_405,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_405.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article in which the structure of the G protein–coupled receptor rhodopsin was analyzed using TR-WAXS, a method that enables visualization of structural movements of proteins in their native membrane environment. The image shows rhodopsin in a phospholipid bilayer, with the region that moves upon activation with light highlighted. [Image: Erik Malmerberg, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA; University of Gothenburg, Sweden]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_367.txt,vitg,8_367.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective that discusses how the activity of SOS is regulated by the binding of an allosteric Ras molecule. The image shows SOS and two molecules of Ras based on PDB 1nvu.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_414.txt,clip,2007_414.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on variant IFN-α proteins with distinct activities. The image depicts human IFN-α. [Image based on PDB 1rh2.],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_405.txt,groundtruth,2007_405.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Perspective that discusses the structural analysis of S1P1, a G protein–coupled receptor for sphinogosine 1-phosphate. The image shows the superposition of the crystal structures of 11 G protein–coupled receptors. [Image: Abby L. Parrill/The University of Memphis]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_225.txt,vith,5_225.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/32_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Voit et al. report on the development of a unified gene therapy approach applicable to all patients
with the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Mutations
in one of more than 30 genes cause erythroid maturation arrest in DBA, but regulated
lentiviral expression of the transcription factor GATA1 exclusively in developing
erythroid progenitors overcomes the erythroid maturation arrest irrespective of causative
gene mutation and improves erythroid output in DBA. The cover image depicts a blood
factory, representative of the bone marrow, with hematopoietic stem cells undergoing
differentiation. Some developing cells commit to erythroid differentiation but are
blocked by a pile of rubble with diamonds and black fans, representing DBA. To overcome
this, factory workers labeled GATA1 are running to help carry the progenitors around
the obstacle, leading to increased production of mature red blood cells. Cover illustrated
by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,ave_2,16_1.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,clip,28_1.txt,test
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_6.png,C,"COVER: Macrophage functional diversity in NAFLD, inspired by the Review on p461.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_5.txt,vitg,18_5.txt,"The role of the gut microbiota in body weight homeostasis, inspired by the Review on p258.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_8.txt,clip,19_8.txt,"The individual response to antibiotics and diet, inspired by the Review on p387.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders, inspired by the Review on p511.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.txt,ave_1,20_4.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_14.png,C,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"extends its gratitude to all reviewers who evaluated manuscripts submitted to the journal in 2023. Special recognition goes to the top 36 reviewers, whose thorough assessments and insightful recommendations significantly enhanced the quality of the submissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_7.png,D,"Jobs in transition
A more sustainable economic system will have substantial effects on employment as sectors will downsize and jobs will be lost while emerging industries will need new workforce. This Focus issue highlights the likely effects of a sustainability transition on jobs and the barriers that both research and policy should overcome to facilitate such a transition.
See Focus page here
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_8.txt,clip,7_8.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,vitg,7_9.txt,"Optimal cropland use
Rising food demand and the rising land use and environmental ills of agriculture are clashing. Folberth and colleagues find that locating crops and applying fertilizers optimally could reduce required cropland globally by about half.
See Folberth et al.
Image: Frans lemmens / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_9.txt,vith,3_9.txt,"A smart film for plant growth
Plants are vulnerable to heat and drought stress. Bin Zhu and colleagues present a film design that can manage sunlight to enable reduced temperature, minimized water loss and increased photosynthesis.
See Li et al.
Image and design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_87,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_87.png,B,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Magnetic Robots for Medical Applications. Accessing the brain promptly to treat conditions such as acute ischemic stroke is a challenge for clinicians. Dreyfus et al. developed a dexterous continuum robot driven by magnetic fields for endovascular navigation. The continuum robot was developed with a helical outer surface to enable forward motion and an articulated magnetic tip to facilitate steerability in tortuous blood vessels. They demonstrated the potential to reach targets in facial and maxillary arteries in vivo. This month’s cover is an image of the dexterous continuum robot navigating within a phantom vasculature model.  Credit: Marco Rosasco Photography,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_87.txt,groundtruth,9_87.txt,"ONLINE COVER Snake-Like Robot—A Robot for Autonomous Navigation and Exploration of Icy Terrain. Vaquero et al. report on a snake-like robot, Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor (EELS), that was developed to autonomously explore icy moons such as Enceladus. EELS has a perception head containing sensors and cameras for detection of its surroundings, as well as screw-like segments that generate forward and backward motion horizontally on icy surfaces and vertically within ice vents. The robot was capable of autonomous motion planning and risk awareness. This month’s cover is an image of EELS being tested on Athabasca Glacier in Alberta, Canada. Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_88.txt,vitg,9_88.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Soft Systems and Sensors. Soft robots require a sustainable source of raw materials to facilitate recyclability and degradation following the end of their life cycle. Unlike the synthetic polymers widely used to date, Heiden et al. 3D-printed soft robots from gelatin and sugar, with the capacity to dissolve fully in water and degrade enzymatically. These soft robots can also be recycled and reprinted at least four more times using the same material without losing their mechanical stability. Furthermore, the integration of waveguides enables actuators to sense objects within their vicinity through changes in light intensity. This month's cover shows a melt extrusion-based printer nozzle depositing a gelatin-based hydrogel to fabricate a 3D structure of a soft robot (see also the Focus by Tan).  Credit: A. Heiden et al./Johannes Kepler University Linz",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_63.txt,vith,7_63.txt,train
Nature Water,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_1.png,B,"An all-water mission
Water observing and monitoring, both ground-based and space-based, are essential for understanding the water cycle and managing water resources. A recently launched space observatory, called the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides direct, high-resolution measurements of water elevation and volume across various water bodies, including open and coastal oceans (shown as coloured sea surface height anomalies), as well as lakes and rivers (displayed as water surface elevations), making it a truly comprehensive surface water mission. The image shows a snapshot of Earth’s surface water elevation from the SWOT satellite mission during its inaugural science orbit. Fully validated data is now publicly available for scientists to study changing water and energy cycles and for users to manage water resources worldwide.
See Vinogradova et al.
Image: NASA. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"A socioeconomic view of antimicrobials
Monitoring the use of antimicrobial agents is a necessary step to find solutions to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One aspect that is rarely investigated is the connection of antimicrobial concentration with the socioeconomic status of the population. The image on the cover shows a heatmap illustrating per capita excreted loads of 56 detected antimicrobials and their transformation products, as reflected in wastewater influent from 50 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Australia. Each WWTP is characterized by varying population sizes, geographical remoteness, and socioeconomic statuses. The notable variation in antimicrobial excreted loads indicates diverse antimicrobial use behaviours among different populations in Australia.
See Li et al.
Image: Jinglong Li, The University of Queensland. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,"Towards net zero in the wastewater sector
Wastewater treatment is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Accounting for all those emissions is complex because emissions originate from several parts of the process, but it is the first, essential step towards a more sustainable wastewater industry. The Review by Ren and co-authors examines these complexities and provides guidance for the direction to take to eventually achieve net zero emissions. The cover shows a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.
See Song et al.
Image: dragon for real / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_12.png,C,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vitg,46_1.txt,"Flying insects are remarkable in their ability to chase moving targets, often at high
speed. On pages 383–391, Karin Nordström and David C. O’Carroll discuss recent mechanistic
insights into how insects achieve this feat. Cover image: © Phil Degginger/Alamy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/32_6.txt,clip,32_6.txt,"Jumping spiders, renowned for their excellent vision used in prey capture,
navigation, and assessing elaborate, species-specific courtship displays, are an
emerging model system in the study of visual attention. These charismatic spiders
have
eight camera-type eyes: six function as motion detectors, while a pair of highly acute,
moveable eyes allow spiders to inspect the shape and color of objects. Historically,
investigation of visual processing in these animals has been thwarted by their internally
pressurized bodies, but these constraints have been overcome. In this issue of Trends
   in Neurosciences, Alex Winsor, Luke Remage-Healey, Ronald Hoy, and Elizabeth Jakob
highlight the architecture of the jumping spider visual system, discuss how shifts
in
gaze can regulate the uptake of visual information, and describe how different streams
of visual information from multiple eyes might be integrated in the brain. Cover image
of
Phidippus regius by Elizabeth Jakob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_12.txt,groundtruth,47_12.txt,"The fine-tuning integration of visual and auditory information allows animals to constantly
and adequately adjust their behavioral repertoires in response to reward or aversive
events. In a Review in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Emmanuel Valjent and Giuseppe Gangarossa discuss recent advances pointing to the
tail of the striatum as a functional hub in the dynamic integration of sensory processes
enabling the optimization of appropriate motor behaviors. Photo credits: Jacky Parker
Photography/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_10.txt,ave_1,44_10.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_12.png,B,"In this issue, Gao and colleagues highlight the most recent breakthroughs in CRISPR–Cas-related plant biotechnologies and discuss important current and future applications — in plant breeding and accelerated domestication; in increasing plant yield and quality; and in disease and herbicide resistance.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/21_2.txt,clip,21_2.txt,"‘The power of antioxidants’, inspired by the Review on p13
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"‘Resilient plants’, theme for this Focus issue
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_3.txt,vith,23_3.txt,"‘Reaching new heights in the intestinal epithelium’, inspired by the Review on p39.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_12.txt,vitg,22_12.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_1.png,A,"A dynamic interplay of reaction trajectories on the synthesis landscape: Guiding gold and silica trajectories to intersect results in Au@mSiO2 nanoparticles that exhibit plasmonic heating capabilities, bridging nanoscale precision with macroscopic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The cover graphics illustrate the encapsulation of a fluorescein guest molecule by a nanoporous ZIF‑8 framework to achieve light-emissive nanoparticles (represented by the faceted polyhedrons).  The lamp represents an irradiation source for converting ultraviolet light into a tunable white light by harnessing the fluorescein@ZIF‑8 nanoparticles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2021_3.txt,ave_1,2021_3.txt,"This cover art illustrates a plasmonic stamp, assembled from gold nanoparticles on an optically transparent, flexible PDMS stamp. The stamps can be used to drive nearby surface chemistry on semiconductor surfaces, such as silicon, with light. Upon illumination with green light, the electric field of the localized surface plasmons of the gold in the plasmonic stamp generates nearby electron–hole pairs in the silicon, which then drive a hydrosilylation reaction between surface Si–H groups and an alkene “ink”, yielding domains of alkyl-based monolayers on the silicon surface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2019_8.txt,clip,2019_8.txt,"This cover art illustrates the synergy of Ni–Co nanoclusters encapsulated within ZSM-5 via in situ two-step hydrothermal synthesis, enhancing stability and performance in alkaline ethanol oxidation. The NiCo@ZSM-5/AC-D2S hybrid minimizes metal agglomeration, while the porous ZSM-5/AC structure ensures conductivity and reactant penetration for superior catalytic activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,test
Nature Neuroscience,27_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_6.png,D,"This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Nature Neuroscience, which made its debut in May 1998. In this month's editorial, we review the journal's history and how the field has developed in the past decade. To celebrate the occasion, we have collected some of our most notable publications on our blog, Action Potential. These papers will be available for free online during May. (p 521)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/11_8.txt,vith,11_8.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Recording from populations of head-direction cells across brain states, Peyrache and colleagues provide an experimental demonstration of the existence of a self-organized ring attractor: the sequential activity of head-direction neurons observed in the waking mouse persists during sleep, and this 'neuronal compass' always points toward well-defined directions. The cover depicts the probabilistic compass 'needle' (heat map ring) decoded from neuronal activity as the animal is exploring its environment. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, concept by the authors. Images provided by the authors and ThinkStock.482569",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/18_9.txt,clip,18_9.txt,"AAV-based intersectional targeting
Our growing understanding of cell diversity generates an increasing need for molecular tools that selectively target cells on the basis of multiple features. Hughes et al. present an AAV-based toolkit that uses hammerhead ribozymes to achieve intersectional transgene expression. In the cover image, overlapping vinyl records form an abstract representation of Venn diagrams that highlight the intersectionality of complex features.
See Hughes et al.
Image: Kandi Cook, Brandi Rinks, Lindsay Schwarz, and Jenn Sweeney, Memphis, TN. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_6.txt,groundtruth,27_6.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_1.png,C,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,clip,29_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,"Recording neural activity in organoids
An artistic representation of KiriE, a platform inspired by the Japanese art of kirigami. Yang et al. have developed KiriE, a platform with a flexible design that preserves neural organoid morphology and enables integration with optogenetic and pharmacological manipulation over many months.
See Yang et al.
Image: Mesa Schumacher. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,train
Chemistry of Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_3.png,D,"The cover illustrates hybrid nanocomposites made of gold nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted polymers. In these materials, both properties from inorganic nanoparticles and imprinted polymers are combined/enhanced, generating advanced new functions and providing novel, high-performance materials that find applications in many industrial fields. This Review by Ahmad and co-workers aims to highlight the outstanding properties of such hybrid nanocomposites by focusing on their chemistry, processing, and (bio-)sensing applications. For more information, see “Nanocomposites of Gold Nanoparticles@Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Chemistry, Processing, and Applications in Sensors” by Randa Ahmad, Nébéwia Griffete, Aazdine Lamouri, Nordin Felidj, Mohamed M. Chehimi, and Claire Mangeney* (Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 5464–5478).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2015_9.txt,vitg,2015_9.txt,Interfacial Charge Transfer and Chemical Bonding in a Ni-LaNbO4 Cermet for Proton-Conducting Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2013_21.txt,vith,2013_21.txt,"The cover shows how single crystals of silicon and germanium are produced using Czochralski growth, where a rod of single crystalline material is slowly pulled from a melt (upper right). By adding extra elements, the properties of the single crystal can be modified. Sluydts et al. demonstrate how the ideal dopant for a given purpose (symbolized by the open crate) can be selected by high-throughput computational screening, resulting in the periodic table maps shown on the desk in front and on the wall in the back. The map itself has been extracted from a database of defect formation enthalpies in Si and Ge. Each of the formation enthalpies was calculated using HSE06 hybrid density functional simulations automated by the high-throughput software Queue Manager. The full database is provided with the article and contains data for 73 impurity elements in 6 positions of the Si and Ge lattice. For more information, see “High-Throughput Screening of Extrinsic Point Defect Properties in Si and Ge: Database and Applications” by Michael Sluydts,*",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2017_22.txt,clip,2017_22.txt,"The cover art visually captures the fusion of nanomaterials with mitochondria targeting, imaging, and image-guided treatment. The mitochondria are targeted by floating molecules, such as rhodamine and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_11.png,B,"The oceans are becoming more acidic as they absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide — this may limit the ability of marine organisms to secrete carbonate. A sediment-trap study shows that in the Southern Ocean the shell weights of a surface-dwelling single-celled organism with a calcite shell are lower than pre-industrial values, probably as a result of increasing ocean acidity. The image, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, shows a modern Globigerina bulloides shell recovered from a sediment trap in the Southern Ocean. Image courtesy of Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.
Letter p276; Backstory p308",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/2_9.txt,clip,2_9.txt,"Emergence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Ocean sediment records indicate that the modern Antarctic Circumpolar Current did not exist prior to climatic cooling in the Late Miocene, suggesting an origin linked to the expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The image shows Spanish polar research vessel BIO Hespérides (A-33) offshore Livingston Island in the South Shetlands Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula.
See Evangelinos et al.
Image: José-Abel Flores, University of Salamanca. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_11.txt,groundtruth,17_11.txt,"Interactions between narrow frontal currents and topography in the Drake Passage enhance bottom mixing, according to ocean glider observations. Such interactions between frontal currents and topography could help close Southern Ocean overturning. This image shows Neumayer Channel near the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Article p840; News & Views p806
IMAGE: XIAOZHOU RUAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"Ice shelves modulate Antarctica's contributions to sea-level rise. Regional-climate-model simulations and observations suggest historical ice melt intensification before collapse of Antarctic peninsula shelves, and project future melt evolution. The image shows the ice shelf edge off Antarctica.
Letter p927
IMAGE: © BLICKWINKEL / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_1.txt,vith,8_1.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_399,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_399.png,C,"COVER This week features a  Review concerning the possible role of asparagine deamidation as a genetically programmed molecular timer of biological processes. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_409.txt,clip,2007_409.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that identifies the binding site on Epac2A for antidiabetic drugs known as sulfonylureas. Knowing the amino acids that mediate this binding may enable the development of improved therapies. The image shows the structure of a sulfonylurea glibenclamide (space fill) bound to a cyclic nucleotide binding domain of Epac2A (ribbon). [Image: Chris Bickel/AAAS],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_298.txt,vitg,6_298.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how nicotine modulates synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex. The image depicts a ball-and-stick model of nicotine.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_399.txt,groundtruth,2007_399.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows a presynaptic mechanism of action for the fast-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine. [Image: alex-mit/iStockphoto.com],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_458.txt,vith,9_458.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.png,C,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,clip,21_1.txt,"Landscape of IBD, inspired by the Perspective on p56.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_12.txt,vith,18_12.txt,"Intestinal organ chips, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,vitg,22_1.txt,val
ACS Central Science,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_4.png,B,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,vith,2024_9.txt,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,vitg,2024_12.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_6.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Bartelt et al. present an immunofluorescence-based protocol that effectively isolates a pure fraction
of Purkinje cell nuclei, enabling further in-depth studies on these rare neuronal
cells. The cover illustration features an artistic interpretation of Purkinje cells
(nuclei in green) and is courtesy of Dorota Moniuszko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,train
Med,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_10.png,C,"On the cover: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in biomedical
research, showcasing its transformative potential in driving innovation within drug
development. In this issue of Med, Zhang et al. review the significant advancements in AI-assisted drug development, focusing on
small molecules, RNA, and antibodies. The review highlights the challenge in obtaining
approval for AI-conceived drugs and proposes leveraging large language models and
diffusion models as solutions. The cover image captures two AI robots analyzing AI-generated
drugs in a clinical environment, symbolizing AI's transformative impact on drug discovery,
development, and clinical trials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_4.txt,vith,5_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"On the cover: While psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has shown promise in treating
depression, previous studies often excluded people with complex presentations. In
this issue of Med, Rosenblat et al. aimed to determine whether PAP could be feasible and beneficial in complex cases
of treatment-resistant depression as part of major depressive or bipolar II disorder
without psychosis or a substance use disorder, and those with baseline suicidality
and significant comorbidity. The authors found PAP to be safe and effective, and repeated
doses showed stronger benefits, suggesting further research is warranted to explore
this treatment option for harder-to-treat populations. Cover art from PM Images/Stone
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_11.png,B,"Series on Women’s Health
In this issue, Nature Medicine launches a Series on Women’s Health throughout the life course. Women’s health remains underserved by the medical research community, and the impacts of sex differences and sociocultural factors on the health and wellbeing of women are rarely considered. The first installment of this Series presents a Perspective calling for a life-course approach to the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases in women.
See Series
Image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.txt,vitg,30_12.txt,"Preventing HBV transmission
In this issue, Hou, Liu and colleagues present interim results from the SHIELD program, showing that a comprehensive intervention package is feasible and effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in various health settings in China. The cover is inspired by the traditional Chinese art of paper cutting and depicts a mother protecting her baby from infection with HBV.
See Yin et al.
Image: Jinlin Hou, Southern Medical University. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_11.txt,groundtruth,30_11.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,ave_1,10_12.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.png,A,"Understanding tumour mutational burden, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"The road travelled and challenges ahead in clinical oncology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p771.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.txt,ave_2,21_2.txt,"The Sun rises in the landscape of treatment for patients ovarian carcinoma, inspired by the Review on p820.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Review on p401.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_6.txt,clip,18_6.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_12.png,B,"Return on preparedness
Debate has raged in Texas over the costs of preparing the energy system for winter weather since storm Uri caused massive power outages. Gruber et al. estimate the costs and expected revenue from winterization and find that investment in disaster preparedness pays off for utilities and consumers.
See Gruber et al.
Image: Josef Kubes / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_8.txt,ave_3,7_8.txt,"Unequal electricity regulation protection in Australia
Those living further from urban areas are at higher risk for procedural neglect of energy needs. White et al. find that remote communities and those with a majority Indigenous population are more likely to be underserved by electricity retail legal protections in Australia.
See White et al.
Image: Simonology / 500px / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_12.txt,groundtruth,9_12.txt,"Charging ahead
The management of electric vehicles charging is an important issue for future power grids in terms of, for example, the system requirements and the impact of timing. Powell et al. model deep electrification scenarios to understand how different types of charging control and infrastructure influence grid operation and performance.
See Powell et al.
Image: Clare Jackson / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_3.txt,ave_2,7_3.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2025_1.png,B,"This special issue on Biomaterials Science and Engineering in Japan aims to provide an up-to-date milestone of biomaterials research being accomplished in Japan. The articles presented herein cover a wide variety of scientific fields ranging from polymer chemistry to organic chemistry, inorganic/metal materials, biology, and material science, and the biomaterials reported include biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and metals, all of which are essential elements to today's biomedical fields. Many of the contributions also focus on active collaborations that enable the seamless transition of research projects from basic science to clinical studies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2019_2.txt,ave_2,2019_2.txt,Morphology staining images of mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells cultured alongside electrospun fibers in 3D hydrogels. Cells grown alongside fibers extended numerous branchlike processes throughout the hydrogel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The picture on the cover schematically illustrates different types of surface topographies, including roughness, anisotropic patterns, and isotropic patterns made of pits, fibers, pillars/islands, or tubes/columns. The background is an optical image of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) undergoing osteogenic differentiation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2016_11.txt,vitg,2016_11.txt,"A synthetic materials-guided tissue engineering approach, wherein the scaffold?s chemical and physical properties alone instruct regeneration, holds the potential to treat clinically pervasive osteochondral defects. This cover depicts use of material chemistries and fabrication techniques, including solvent-casting–particulate-leaching, freeze-drying, additive manufacturing, and electrospinning, for the development of biphasic, triphasic, or gradient scaffolds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2020_5.txt,clip,2020_5.txt,val
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_12.png,C,"The ‘sunset years’ come with sex differences in cardiometabolic health
Using a large cohort of people that spans three generations, Zhernakova et al. find that sex differences in risk factors and biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases change dynamically with age.
See Zhernakova et al. and News & Views by Miller and Heather
Image: Jingyuan Fu, University Medical Center Groningen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,vith,3_7.txt,"Shift in cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes in the US population
Lhoste et al. show that cardiometabolic and renal traits of the US population have shifted from phenotypes with high blood pressure and high cholesterol towards poor kidney function, hyperglycemia and severe obesity.
See Lhoste et al.
Cover image: Tree: marumaru / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_12.txt,groundtruth,3_12.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
Nature Food,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_4.png,C,"Wild foods
The definition of ‘wild foods’ remains contested, but there is no doubt that the availability of wild food species from forests and common lands is declining due to agricultural expansion, environmental degradation, urbanization and climate change. In many places, people’s access to wild foods is also impaired by institutional factors, such as insecure land tenure. Wild fruits, leaves, mushrooms, roots, animals, nuts, and so on are culturally important and represent key sources of nutrient and dietary diversity — especially for forest communities and the poor. Research demonstrating causal linkages between dietary diversity and wild foods in India reveals that, thanks to wild foods, women are more likely to consume dark green leafy vegetables during the lean season.
See Zavaleta Cheek et al. News & Views by Sunderland and Research Briefing
Image: Nirali Bakhla. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_7.txt,ave_3,4_7.txt,"Transition to sustainable diets
Adoption of the EAT–Lancet reference diet across the world will be challenged by heterogeneity in food systems, dietary patterns, socio-economic development and environmental boundaries. Current domestic food supplies will need to transition for populations to achieve healthy, sustainable diets — and that endeavour varies in complexity across food groups and countries. The food supply of countries highest in the socio-economic development index, at present, is characterized by animal-based foods, fats and sugars in excess of the reference diet. Countries of lower socio-economic development have excess domestic supply of cereal and starchy root foods, and all countries have inadequate supply of legumes, nuts and fruits to achieve the reference diet.
It has previously been reported that adoption of the EAT–Lancet diet will decrease agricultural greenhouse gas emissions globally but increase them from some, primarily low- and middle-income, countries. Now, transition of food supply towards the EAT–Lancet reference diet is shown to reduce the global water footprint by 12%, but increase that of 54 low- and middle-income countries, representing 40% of the world’s population.
See Tuninetti et al.
Image: Merrill Images / Corbis Documentary / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"Culturally acceptable diets
The EAT–Lancet reference diet provides guidance on how to simultaneously achieve environmental goals and improve human health. Yet, its wide-scale adoption requires attention to the cultural preferences and values of different populations around the world. In China, an ethnically and geographically diverse country, eating habits vary widely. A newly proposed region-specific reference diet aligned with local culinary traditions and preferences can reduce the environmental impact of food consumption and promote health beyond what would be achieved by adhering to other official dietary guidelines.
See Liu et al.
Image: wulingyun/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_11.png,C,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,vitg,40_10.txt,"Protein therapeutics are an important and growing class of medicines that tackle complex
diseases using multiple modes of action programmed into the protein sequence. In this
issue, Mock et al. discuss recent advances in the design
of protein therapeutics using generative biology, the seamless integration of modern
computational science with sophisticated laboratory technologies. In an era of great
excitement about artificial intelligence and machine learning, they focus on the most
promising technologies for practical implementation into biopharmaceutical drug discovery
pipelines. The cover illustration represents an iterative cycle of design-make-test-learn
to produce a bispecific antibody – a therapeutic protein capable of interacting with
two different targets in the body through two different binding domains, on the left
(cyan) and right (green). Cover image designed by Arie Opzeeland and Craig Kiefer
via Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_11.txt,groundtruth,45_11.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,val
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.png,D,"Optimizing brewing conditions to enhance probiotic viability in beer: Twenty-one lactic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic properties were tested for resilience against ethanol and hops, with certain strains thriving in Gueuze-style sour beer. Findings indicate that alternative methods are required to support probiotic viability in hopped beers. This cover image was created using Canva AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,"This study determined the efficacy of  carotenes in modulating molecular targets in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AMD in vitro model. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a panel of 17 human cancer cells and non-cancerous human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were treated with carotenes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carotenes in modulating oxidative stress, and its underlying molecular targets were also studied using bioinformatic analyses through reactome pathway analysis and targeted cell-based reporter assays.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_3.png,B,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,Representation of the disordering effect induced by dibasic calcium phosphate (~the wrecking ball; CSD 31046-I) on carbamazepine dihydrate (~the wall; FEFNOT03) leading to its accelerated dehydration (~expelling of water molecules) during the mixing stage of continuous tablet manufacturing. This work focuses on understanding the mechanism of this excipient-induced effect. The image was created by PfizerWorks Creative Consultancy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,train
Matter,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_5.png,D,"On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a
special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers.
We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting
rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake,
decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to
reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed
to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress
and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary
of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across
48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors
(Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped
us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new
contributions to the materials community.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,"On the cover: This month is our fourth annual researcher's choice issue—an issue that
contains zero original research articles! Our intent is to highlight articles across
materials science that authors find interesting—i.e., researcher's choice—via preview
articles only. This month's cover reflects this variety across materials science,
with a humorous take on an academic setting and lively discussions among peers. Like
the cover illustration, we hope you will find a preview or two enjoyable in this year's
collection!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_1.png,C,"Dual-functional materials with antibacterial and antifouling strategies demonstrate synergistic antibacterial action for various biomedical device applications. These surfaces are based on the combination of two components into one material system that can eradicate attached bacteria (via antibiotics, peptides, nitric oxide, and ammonium salts) and simultaneously release or prevent adhesion of biofoulants (via hydrophilic polymers, zwitterionic, topography, and bio-inspired surfaces). Created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_2.txt,vitg,2022_2.txt,"Novel therapeutic strategies using gold nanoparticles as gene therapy vectors for the controlled and efficient silence of endogenous microRNAs or messenger RNAs involved in cancer. A universal gene silencing tool based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that effectively silences the specific target (siRNA, miRNA, or gene-specific mRNA) while simultaneously signaling its action via fluorescence emission in cancer cells is of utmost importance for the development of more selective cancer therapies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_1.txt,clip,2022_1.txt,"RAW 264.7 monocytic cells on the experimental bone composite CP7 under osteoclastic induction. The image demonstrates a reduced number of multinucleated giant cells, suggesting an inhibitory effect of the CP7 on osteoclast formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Electric-field-induced Joule heating has been employed to transform porous hard carbons into a free-standing monolith consisting of interconnected onion-like carbons. Such macroscopic self-supporting yet porous structures exhibit highly efficient capture of volatile organic compounds, such as toluene, in atmospheric conditions, besides providing a new route for achieving structural interconversions among nanocarbons.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_11.png,C,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Nimpf et al. establish in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in awake pigeons and use the approach to investigate color
processing in the avian visual cortex. Cover image shows a pattern of birds and eyes.
Courtesy gettyimages/Dusan Stankovic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,val
Nature Sustainability,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_8.png,C,"Olympics’ declining sustainability
Despite efforts to make the Olympics 'greener', a study by Müller and colleagues reveals the Summer and Winter Games have become less sustainable over time due to size, spending and footprint.
See Müller et al.
Image: The Asahi Shimbun / Contributor / The Asahi Shimbun / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_9.txt,vitg,4_9.txt,"Cumulative impacts of shale gas
Shale gas as fuel for electricity generation boomed in the Appalachian basin, United States. Mayfield and colleagues estimated the different temporal and geographical patterns of shale gas impacts on jobs, air quality and climate change in the basin.
See Mayfield et al.
Image: Philip Scalia / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Jobs in transition
A more sustainable economic system will have substantial effects on employment as sectors will downsize and jobs will be lost while emerging industries will need new workforce. This Focus issue highlights the likely effects of a sustainability transition on jobs and the barriers that both research and policy should overcome to facilitate such a transition.
See Focus page here
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"Shaping sustainable cooling
Cooling demand is expected to increase. A new framework of socio-economic, technological, environmental and geopolitical factors allows researchers to identify sustainable cooling solutions, which go beyond improving technology.
See Khosla et al.
Image: ballyscanlon / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_10.txt,ave_1,4_10.txt,train
Matter,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_9.png,D,"On the cover: The editorial team at Matter has selected 2D layered heterostructures as our second annual materials system to
highlight in our 2022 Pieces of Matter Collection. From a combinatorial perspective,
a deck of cards makes a great analogy when talking about layered 2D materials. As
depicted on the cover of this issue, we can consider a set of 2D layers like a poker
hand. Unlike poker, where it is known that a flush beats a pair, for example, in materials
science, the emergent behavior of the combination—i.e., what is useful/desirable—changes
according to many variables. It would be like comparing a poker hand to a hand in
blackjack: it all depends on the context. The resulting “winning” hands are therefore
nearly limitless—it just depends on the application. Cover illustration by SciFig
(Mitra, Aram, and Farzan; https://sci-fig.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,"On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to
reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed
to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress
and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary
of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across
48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors
(Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped
us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new
contributions to the materials community.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,"On the cover: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is rich in various nutrients, which are taken
up by cells without selectivity. The cover represents the work of Lin and colleagues
(p. 397–428), wherein a nano-platelet vesicle-based extracellular matrix (NPV-ECM)
gel is applied in a hyperinflammatory microenvironment, which can selectively restrict
the penetration ability of different substances. Nutrients such as fatty acids that
contribute to the tissue repair freely enter and exit this net and are taken up by
cells. On the contrary, nutrients such as glucose that hinder tissue repair will be
kept out by this net, and can only continue to exist in body fluids, unable to contact
tissue cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_11.txt,clip,6_11.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover from Pena-Francesch et al. pays homage to magnetic manipulation in comic books and superhero pop culture. New
advances in radical polymers bring new opportunities to the design and development
of metal-free organic magnetic materials, with biocompatible and squishy properties
for soft robotics and medical imaging. Image credit: Adrian Bago Gonzalez and Abdon
Pena-Francesch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_16.png,D,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,"= 1 FeIII−(O22−)−CuII complex performs a H-bonding-mediated O−O bond cleavage in the presence of phenol, thereby providing insight into the prerequisites necessary for the efficient 4e/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O in heme copper oxidases.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.png,C,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.txt,clip,25_2.txt,"COVER: CRISPR in cancer, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_8.txt,ave_2,22_8.txt,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"Persistence through adversity, inspired by the Roadmap on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.txt,vith,24_3.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_9.png,D,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,"Genetics, mental health and socio-economic status
Using summary statistics from large-scale GWAS, Marees et al. examine the extent to which genetic overlap with socio-economic status (SES) influences genetic variance in and genetic overlap across 16 mental health phenotypes. The authors show that removing the variance of the latent SES factor significantly changes the pattern of genetic relationships between mental health traits.
See Marees et al.
Image: Maciej Frolow / Stockbyte / Getty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/5_5.txt,clip,5_5.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,"Unconditional child allowance and families’ spending behaviour
In 2021, the USA provided an unconditional child allowance to most families with children. Using anonymized mobile-location as well as debit and credit card data, Parolin et al. find that the allowance increased spending at childcare centres, health- and personal-care establishments, and grocery stores. On the other hand, there was no evidence that the allowance increased tobacco or alcohol purchases.
See Parolin et al.
Image: designer491/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_10.png,D,"Targeting circadian rhythm, inspired by the Review on p287.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_9.txt,clip,20_9.txt,"Delivering on the promise of targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Perspective on p410.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_8.txt,vith,22_8.txt,"Targeting cancer metabolism, inspired by the Review on p141.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_11.txt,vitg,21_11.txt,"Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors, inspired by the Review on p175.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_10.txt,groundtruth,23_10.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_20.png,A,"Through the lens of our rovibronic code, Duo, we have shown the adiabatic and diabatic representations for computing nuclear motion to be numerically equivalent. The relation between the adiabatic and diabatic diatomic potentials is shown at the bottom to be equal (in “weight”) through the unitary transformation, U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,A new computational method to study electronic spectroscopy and photoinduced dynamics in molecular aggregates in the condensed phase: Ad-Md|gLVC combines classical Molecular Dynamics and wavepacket quantum dynamics to investigate the impact of thermal fluctuations of the aggregate and the solvent on the vibronic dynamics on the coupled excitonic and charge-transfer states.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_7.txt,ave_1,2022_7.txt,The presently introduced HFLD method quantifies noncovalent interactions accurately irrespective of the spin state of the system while providing at the same time important physical insights into their nature. The cover art features a solvated carbene in its triplet state. The solute,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,val
BDJ,237_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_7.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smoking cessation, MIOC, and cocaine-induced destruction of the palate.

Cover image: From 2016. To celebrate the birth of the Portfolio and mark the first anniversary of the launch of its newest member, the open access online-only journal BDJ Open, we designed a cover series highlighting the letters B, D and J in collaboration with long-time editorial board member, Professor Damien Walmsley. The BDJ element represented in the cover of this issue is, perhaps somewhat controversially, composed of cake crafted in the letters by editorial team member at the time Ruth Doherty. Although appearing as Volume 221 Issue 7 (7 October 2016), it was actually baked and consumed in July of that year at a delicious editorial board meeting!
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_7.txt,groundtruth,237_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, virtual clinics, and polishing systems.

Cover image: From 2019. The BDA Museum series which inspired the cover on this current issue was a direct lookback and comparison with modern practice and was published in the second half of 2019. One item was an operating face mask from the 1920s, complete with its stylish box (from Vol 227 Issue 8, 25 October 2019). As the series drew to a close at the end of that year, no one had any notion whatsoever of the pandemic that was about to engulf us in 2020 when the use of personal protective equipment became such a crucial element of enabling continuing health care.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_5.txt,ave_1,237_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on teledentistry, soft tissue surgery and GDPR.
Image credit: Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/229_10.txt,clip,229_10.txt,test
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.png,C,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,vitg,2018_1.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,Daima and co-workers discuss engineered nanomaterials,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The cover image depicts the rebirth of wasted eggshell membrane (ESM) with graphene into a biomedical scaffold for stem cell and tissue engineering. Graphene-layered ESM (GEM) scaffolds can overcome the limitations of physicochemical properties of raw ESM-based scaffolds. It also provides hierarchical micro- and nanoscale structures like those of extracellular matrices in living tissues, promoting important stem cell behaviors including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. GEM can be used as an efficient biomedical platform, realizing the potential of ESM as a high-value biomaterial while maintaining its unique properties of ESM and graphene for various biomedical applications including stem cell and regenerative medicine.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_3.txt,vith,2019_3.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_12.png,D,"Momentary MEMS
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that are based on water-soluble materials can resorb into the environment to eliminate waste, or into the body to avoid the need for surgical extraction, after a targeted lifetime. The photograph on the cover shows various ecoresorbable and bioresorbable MEMS devices supported within a single die.
See Yang et al.
Image: Tzu-Li Liu, Northwestern University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_5.txt,vitg,5_5.txt,"Closing in on plant-based actuators
With the help of conformable electrodes, a Venus flytrap can be converted into an on-demand actuator that can be wirelessly controlled via a smartphone and has a power input of only 10−5 W. The cover shows a photograph of the conformable electrodes on the epidermis of open and closed Venus flytraps.
See Li et al. and News & Views by Volkov
Image: Xiaodong Chen, Nanyang Technological University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"Self-healing whatever the weather
A conductive skin-like material, which is composed of an elastomer and an ionic liquid, can self-heal in both wet and dry conditions due to reversible ion–dipole interactions. The cover shows a photograph of an ionic circuit board, with embedded light-emitting diodes, made from the transparent material.
See Cao et al. and News & Views by Majidi
Image: Benjamin C.K. Tee and Wangwei Lee, National University of Singapore. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/2_11.txt,vith,2_11.txt,"Recapture and reuse
With the help of processes that can recycle organic conductors, semiconductors and dielectrics, flexible electronic devices can be created in which each component of the device can be recaptured and reused. The computer-generated image on the cover shows a flexible electronic device developed using this closed-loop recycling approach.
See Park et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_15.png,C,"On the Cover: The rise of the nanoparticles. Artist Paula J. Morris's rendition of the therapeutic
lipid nanoparticle containing siRNAs targeted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (red) approaching
a SARS-COV-2 infected lung epithelial cell (blue). See Idris et al. (2219–2226). Adapted
fromCaldas et al. (2020) with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_7.txt,clip,29_7.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the cover: Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs upon infection.
Kou and colleagues revealed that pyroptotic cells generate a new group of pyroptotic extracellular vesicles
(pyroEVs) and uncover the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived pyroEVs
on sepsis. Specific expressed ASC can serve as a functional marker identifying exogenous
and endogenous pyroEVs and mediating the protective effect of pyroEV on B cells. In
this image, even the “fiery falling” pyroptotic cells will generate small nutrient
vesicles to protect the damaged host B cells during infection, thus rescuing sepsis.
Image credit: Suqian Qinyan Information Technology Co., LTD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_15.txt,groundtruth,32_15.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,ave_0,27_14.txt,train
Nature Water,2_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_2.png,A,"Sanitation in dense urban areas
A simple extension of conventional sanitation technologies cannot meet the rising needs in the rapidly expanding cities of the global south. The Comment by Abishek Sankara Narayan and colleagues presents a portfolio approach that systematically considers the co-existence of various sanitation systems, including centralized and decentralized sewer-based systems, varied types of on-site blackwater and greywater treatment, and household-level treatment in situ. The approach optimizes the integration of these systems to achieve multiple outcomes, including public health, environmental protection, climate resilience, resource recovery, and equity. The cover image provides an aerial view of a densely populated township in South Africa.
See Narayan et al.
Image: John Wang / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_2.txt,groundtruth,2_2.txt,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"The state of women in the water domain
While women are underrepresented in the formal water workforce, especially in low- and middle-income countries, they are highly overrepresented in the unpaid work of managing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources at the household level. The study by Caruso et al. examines whether women’s central role in household WASH has been exploited by WASH research and intervention activities. Reviewing previous WASH studies, they found the majority of interventions to be either gender-unequal or gender-unaware, and that many had relied entirely on participation by female household members for programme success. The authors discuss the risk of taking women’s time and work for granted and how it risks cementing gender inequalities in the water domain.
See Caruso, B. A. et al.
Image: Hugh Sitton / Photodisc / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_4.txt,ave_3,2_4.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_8.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Sun et al. present a nanoparticle vaccine presenting the EBV fusion protein gB. The vaccine
effectively induces neutralizing antibodies against EBV infection and provides protection
to humanized mice against viral challenge. The cover image alludes to an ancient Chinese
fairy tale (from Classic of Mountains and Rivers written more than 2,000 years ago) depicting the divine bird Qin-Geng engaged in
combat with the malevolent bird Qi-Zhong, symbolizing the potential of this designed
EBV vaccine in offering hope for controlling EBV infection and EBV-associated diseases.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/31_2.txt,vith,31_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, He et al. reveal the opposing functions between the condensed and non-condensed states of TaHRC-complexes
in wheat defense against Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). The dragon depicted on the cover
embodies this concept, signifying dual roles: it can either breathe rainwater (in
a non-phase separated state) to extinguish flames (representing FHB) on wheat spikes
for resistance or breathe fuel oil (in a phase-separated state) to exacerbate symptoms
for disease susceptibility. This study highlights the importance of biomolecular condensates
in host defense to crop/plant diseases.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_8.txt,groundtruth,32_8.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Cell Host & Microbe begins a two-issue celebration marking our 15-year anniversary. The cover image uses
a tree to illustrate the growth of our journal and the connection we have with the
scientific community. The roots, “colonized” with microbes, set the foundation for
the branches “budding” journal issues. To commemorate 15 years of microbial research
and growth, the issue opens with an editorial from editor-in-chief Lakshmi Goyal (409–409)
and proceeds with commentaries from 15 early-career researchers who authored a Cell Host & Microbe paper(s) during their training. These commentaries are personal, thoughtful, forward-looking,
and honest as they reflect on their paper(s) and discuss how it fit into their career
path and current work in their independent labs. The “budding” journal covers represent
the issues containing the referenced papers. Our goal with these commentaries is to
thank the community for their trust in us and to share this relationship we strive
to achieve with our community members. The cover image was imagined and created by
Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/30_9.txt,clip,30_9.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_9.png,B,"Folding with large-scale protein language models
The cover image shows a protein, folded in space and forming a stable 3D structure. AlphaFold has revolutionized the ability to predict protein structures. Work in this issue by Fang et al. further improves prediction capability and efficiency by combining a large-scale protein language model, trained on thousands of millions of primary structures in a self-supervised way, with the geometric learning capability of AlphaFold2.
See Fang et al.
Image: Baidu Inc. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_3.txt,vitg,5_3.txt,"Generating turbulence trajectories with diffusion models
Diffusion models can be used to generate intricate and detailed particle paths in turbulent flows, reflecting the complex nature of fluid motion. By means of statistical analysis, Li et al. show that diffusion models can capture the full complexity of turbulent dynamics and generalize to extreme events.
See Li et al.
Image: Michele Buzzicotti, University of Rome Tor Vergata. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Decoding differential gene expression
Identifying the molecular mechanisms that control gene expression is essential for progress in basic and disease biology. Taskaki et al. develop a systems biology model, using deep learning to predict differential gene expression and mine the biological basis of the underlying generative processes.
See Taskaki et al.
Image: Shinya Tasaki, Rush University. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_6.txt,vith,2_6.txt,val
Nature Climate Change,14_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_6.png,B,"Warming threat to deep-ocean biodiversity
A soft coral sits at a depth of 2,200m on a small ridge (“Te Kawhiti o Maui Potiki”) near the Cook Islands. Marine biodiversity is at risk as the ocean warms, but currently the focus has been on the surface ocean, as the deep ocean warms less. In this issue, Brito-Morales et al. show that climate velocities (the speed and direction of isotherm displacement) are faster in the deep ocean than at the surface. Projections show this will continue, with implications for the ability of deeper marine life to adapt.
See Brito-Morales et al.
Image: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_7.txt,vith,10_7.txt,"Zooming in on small island states
Small island states and territories are not only vulnerable to climate change but are also leaders in international climate negotiations and in adapting to changing environments. In this issue, we feature a Viewpoint that highlights research conducted on different island states and territories around the world and a Comment and Correspondence that propose ways forward to better understand climate change impacts and to translate research into action on large ocean islands.
See Viewpoint , Evans et al. and Leal Filho et al.
Image: Universal Images Group North America LLC / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_6.txt,groundtruth,14_6.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Coral rapid adaption
Due to anthropogenically driven thermal heat stress, tropical coral species, including Porites lichen as shown on the cover, are in decline. Their survival is therefore dependent on the ability to adapt or acclimatise. The prospects for rapid adaptive responses, including the role of transgenerational plasticity, are discussed in this Perspective.
See Nature Climate Change 7, 627-636
IMAGE: GERGELY TORDA
COVER DESIGN: LAUREN HESLOP",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_4.txt,clip,7_4.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,28_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/28_1.png,A,"Constraints on neural dynamics
The time course of neural activity is thought to be essential for computation in networks of neurons. Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby and colleagues used a brain–computer interface to show that activity time courses in the brain are difficult to violate, which provides empirical support for dynamical principles at play. The cover illustrates a monkey traversing a time course of neural activity unfolding in its brain.
See Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby, et al.
Image design: Avesta Rastan. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/28_1.txt,groundtruth,28_1.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Cerebellum excites inferior olive
Wang and colleagues have identified an excitatory cerebello-olivary pathway and its role in fine motor control. The cover art depicts a mouse running vigorously through a landscape of Purkinje cell trees on a rugged mountain, showcasing the intricate gyri and sulci of the cerebellum. A sunrise scene bathes the entire composition, casting light on the Purkinje cell trees and forming shadows resembling olive trees. This artwork symbolizes the profound importance of cerebello-olivary excitation in controlling movements, which lies at the core of this study.
See Wang et al.
Image: Julia Kuhl. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/26_5.txt,vith,26_5.txt,"The cover depicts a sad, anxious or sick mouse sitting on a small island surrounded by an ocean of neurons, unable to socially interact, explore or feed. This is a metaphor for the function of the insular cortex, also called the ‘island of the brain’ (‘insula’ is the Latin word for ‘island’). In this study, Gehrlach et al. reveal how the posterior part of the insula processes and regulates aversive emotional and bodily internal states and mediates inhibition of ongoing rewarding and exploratory behaviors.
See Gehrlach et al
Image credit: Julia Kuhl. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/22_4.txt,clip,22_4.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_96,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_96.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Turning Anti–PD-1 on Its Head. This month's cover illustration is a 3D rendition of pembrolizumab, one of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against human PD-1 being used for cancer immunotherapy. Based on results with a new conditional allele of the Pdcd1 gene in mice, Strauss et al. report that PD-1 expression on both myeloid and T cells is relevant to the immune stimulatory effects of anti–PD-1. A Focus commentary by Rudd  discusses the findings of Strauss et al. The illustration was created with NGL Viewer using x-ray crystallography data deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank. [CREDIT: PDB 5DK3]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_43.txt,vith,5_43.txt,"ONLINE COVER Teaming Up to Defend. Depicted here are CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs, green), which resist infection by enveloped viruses (yellow spheres), and CD1c+ DCs (orange), which are susceptible to infection. Silvin et al. report that CD141+ DCs acquire viral antigen from infected CD1c+ DCs and prime antiviral T cell responses. [CREDIT: RENAUD CHABRIER, WWW.RENAUDCHABRIR.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_13.txt,clip,2_13.txt,ONLINE COVER Sinusoidal Patrolling. This month's cover features a cutaway illustration of lymphocytes and erythrocytes traveling down a narrow liver sinusoid lined by fenestrated endothelial cells. A Review by Ficht and Iannacone summarizes current knowledge about the hepatic T cell subsets tasked with immune surveillance. Lymphocyte processes can extend through the small pores in the sinusoidal passages in search of stimulatory ligands displayed on hepatocytes. The T cell on the right is a cytotoxic CD8+ cell that is in the process of killing a hepatocyte displaying activating peptide-MHC ligands. [CREDIT: PAOLO MONTUSCHI/GRAFICA BIOMEDICA],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_51.txt,vitg,5_51.txt,"ONLINE COVER γδ T Cells Across the Human Life Span. The functional role of human γδ T cells in tissues is poorly understood and has been largely limited to peripheral blood studies. Gray et al. characterized human γδ T cells in the blood and various mucosal and lymphoid tissues from nearly 200 donors ranging in age from a few days to over 80 years. Adult γδ T cell populations were highly differentiated and cytotoxic, whereas γδ T cells from infants and children were clonally diverse, tissue specific, and exhibited tissue repair functions and features of adaptive lymphocytes. This month’s cover depicts silhouettes of individuals at various stages of life nested within a stylized γδ T cell. Credit: Rich Thorne",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_96.txt,groundtruth,9_96.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.png,C,"The cover of this issue celebrates the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Immunology. See Editorial
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Flu vaccines, inspired by the Review on p736.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.txt,vitg,24_3.txt,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"""Past memories"" by Simon Bradbrook, inspired by the Focus articles on immune memory.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/16_11.txt,vith,16_11.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/9_1.png,B,"The ups and downs of cluster gas
The presence of cold gas in the centre of some galaxy clusters raises questions about its origin. Through a radiation-hydrodynamic simulation of active galactic nucleus feedback in such a cluster, Qiu et al. show that initially hot outflows can cool radiatively, forming extended filaments that resemble those observed.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Yu Qiu, KIAA-PKU/Georgia Tech Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"Galactic fireworks from cosmic dawn
13.4-billion-year-old photons reveal the extreme conditions in one of the most distant known galaxies. This illustration highlights the JWST/MIRI spectrum of galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12, in which atomic transitions from hydrogen and oxygen are present.
See Zavala et al.
Image: César Augusto Huato Méndez & Jorge A. Zavala (Background image: JWST, NASA/ESA/CSA. Composition by Diego Paris). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_10.png,A,"On the cover: Xie et al. report their investigation of the oxidative Nazarov reaction and its application
to the collective synthesis of five fusicoccane diterpenoids. To celebrate the Chinese
New Year, a traditional Chinese-style illustration named “Two Loongs Playing with
a Pearl” is presented to indicate that the oxidative Nazarov reaction is a robust
synthetic method and a valuable tool for natural product synthesis. Image by Yan Qiu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers,
published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration
with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied
research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_10.png,C,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Dietary intake of arsenosugars from seaweed, clams, mussels, and oysters confounds studies of arsenic methylation efficiency in humans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_3.txt,vith,2023_3.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_39,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_39.png,B,"Sandwich-type phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes have been limited to the dimer and trimer species in the past. This cover shows that the reaction of a double-decker Pc with a cadmium salt yields a discrete quadruple-decker Pc complex, which is the first buildup since the synthesis of a triple-decker Pc complex in 1986. See Fukuda and co-workers, p 6278.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_34.txt,vith,2010_34.txt,Measurement of single-molecule conductance has emerged as a promising tool to unravel complex chemistry at the nanoscale. Single-molecule conductance and Flicker noise analysis can be employed to probe chemical reactions at the single-molecule level,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_39.txt,groundtruth,2024_39.txt,"This cover shows electrochemical gating of the molecular conductance of a redox-active osmium-containing molecular bridge, which is attached to the gold surface by direct gold—carbon bonding. Electrochemically gated electron transfer in an STM nanogap configuration is achieved for this metal—carbon contacted molecule. See Calvo and co-workers, p 2494.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_44.txt,clip,2010_44.txt,The cover illustrates the X-ray crystallographic structure of Au279(SPh-tBu)84 plasmonic gold nanocrystal molecules named Faradaurate-279. Faradaurate-279 has a truncated octahedral core with bulk-like fcc atomic structure. The multiplied twinned structures of gold nanomolecules converge to fcc structure at 2.2 nm core of Faradaurate-279.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_9.txt,ave_1,2017_9.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_10.png,A,"Neutralizing gremlins protects against myocarditis
Perez-Shibayama et al. report that restoring BMP4 signaling with antibodies that neutralize the BMP inhibitors gremlin-1 and gremlin-2 can ameliorate myocarditis by reducing immune cell infiltration, the production of pathogenic cytokines, and pro-inflammatory activity in fibroblasts.
See Perez-Shibayama et al.
Image: Nadine Cadosch, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_10.txt,groundtruth,3_10.txt,"Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm
The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death.
See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo
Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,ave_1,3_6.txt,"Hundreds of new mouse genes functionally linked to CVD
Spielmann et al. screen the cardiac function and structure of about 4,000 monogenic knockout mice to identify 486 new genes whose lack results in cardiac disease, and validate a number of these genes in humans via UK Biobank human data.
See Spielmann et al. and News & Views by Ahlberg and Olesen
Image: Chih-Wei Hsu, Baylor College of Medicine. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_1.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,clip,16_8.txt,"On The Cover Hou Yi Shot the Suns, a Chinese myth in ancient times, artistically represents the
Mutli-Control Sterility (MCS) system that specifically kills MCS pollens containing
transgenic components, with only the transgene-free male-sterile (ms) pollens remained. The MCS system could be used to maintain and propagate genic ms lines for hybrid breeding and seed production in maize. Image by: Xiangyuan Wan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/12_11.txt,ave_2,12_11.txt,"On The Cover Hou Yi Shot the Suns, a Chinese myth in ancient times, artistically represents the
Mutli-Control Sterility (MCS) system that specifically kills MCS pollens containing
transgenic components, with only the transgene-free male-sterile (ms) pollens remained. The MCS system could be used to maintain and propagate genic ms lines for hybrid breeding and seed production in maize. Image by: Xiangyuan Wan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/12_12.txt,ave_1,12_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liu et al. show that MYB3R-like interacts with the methyltransferase
RID2 to maintain the 5’ cap structure of WUSCHEL (WUS) mRNA and protect it from degradation. As the most important stem cell regulator,
WUSCHEL maintains the accuracy of protein synthesis in stem cells by repressing key
components in protein folding to prevent the reuse of refolded proteins. Upon heat
stress, which results in extensive increases of misfolded proteins in stem cells,
the MYB3R-like/RID2 module is suppressed to decap WUS mRNA and reduce its stability. This releases the inhibition of protein folding capacity
in stem cells to eliminate misfolded proteins and allows stem cell survival at high
temperatures. The cover image is designed by the inspiration from the ancient Chinese
myth “Journey to the West”. After the havoc in heaven, the Monkey King is captured
and sealed in a magic alchemy furnace. The Monkey King needs to break the shackles
by kicking over the alchemy furnace to save himself from fire, just as stem cells
need to reduce WUS transcripts by decapping nascent WUS mRNAs to protect themselves under heat stress. Image by Sumei Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_9.png,A,"Monitoring molecular relaxation
Molecular photoswitches can be exploited for solar thermal energy storage and information processing. One such system involves the rapid conversion between the molecular isomers norbornadiene (an artistic representation of which is depicted on the cover) and quadricyclane; however, our understanding of the switching processes is incomplete. Daniel Rolles and co-workers have used time-resolved gas-phase extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy combined with non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the electronic relaxation of quadricyclane after ultraviolet excitation and have observed two competing relaxation pathways that occur on different timescales.
See Borne et al.
Image: Wojciech Nowikowski and Karl Harrison. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_9.txt,groundtruth,16_9.txt,"The magnetic properties of single-molecule magnets generally originate from a superexchange mechanism in which the spin states of two neighbouring metal ions couple to one another. Now, Long and co-workers have shown that a mixed-valence divanadium cluster with a bridging imidazolate ligand - shown on the cover of this issue - possesses a high-spin ground state that arises from a double-exchange mechanism based on electron delocalization. The versatility of imidazolate ligands in generating coordination complexes suggests that this could be a promising approach for producing a range of magnetic molecular materials. Cover image courtesy of Jeffrey D. rinehart.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p362
News & Views p351",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_8.txt,clip,2_8.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,ave_1,7_10.txt,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.png,D,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.
Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,vitg,8_11.txt,"C–N bonds are ubiquitous in societally important commodity and fine chemicals, but the thermochemical routes used to manufacture these compounds are a major contributor to global carbon emissions. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis could potentially drive the formation of these important products using renewable electricity and abundant starting materials, thus reducing the carbon footprint of their production. The cover image shows CO2 and NH3 reactants coupling on the surface of a copper nanoparticle catalyst to form amide products. See Li, Zhang, Kuruvinashetti and Kornienko
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Montreal. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_8.txt,clip,6_8.txt,"The availability of synthetic DNA is outstripped by its growing number of uses. With applications in engineering biology, therapy, data storage and nanotechnology, the demand for synthetic DNA is increasing. New technologies have been developed and commercialised to meet this need. By analogy to the advances in word processing, this cover image represents how technological advances can improve the efficiency and scale of DNA syntheses. See Hoose et al.
Image: Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_10.txt,ave_3,7_10.txt,"Electronic waste or e-waste is an ever-increasing problem driven by the global population’s insatiable thirst for the latest gadgets. Discarded electronics contain a range of valuable materials, which might be recovered and reused. Recycling e-waste can reduce carbon emissions and the release of hazardous materials into soil and water. Furthermore, the scarcity of some natural resources will begin to limit the new technologies that can be built if we do not begin to better understand how to recycle these waste streams. See Niu et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.png,B,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,ave_2,2023_8.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_4.png,D,"Intersection between ALD and NAFLD/MASLD, inspired by the Review on p764.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_1.txt,clip,20_1.txt,"Looking back on 2022, inspired by the Year in Reviews on p67
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_11.txt,vitg,20_11.txt,"Spotlight on 2021, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p81
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_11.txt,vith,19_11.txt,"Designing clinical trials for alcohol use, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p626.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,test
Organometallics,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_1.png,D,What is the application? Consider how organometallic expertise can be extended to determine and realize new translational research opportunities. The diverse applications of organometallic chemistry featured in this Special Issue continue to inspire creative directions and novel approaches within the discipline.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_5.txt,vith,2024_5.txt,"Pentalenides are intriguing 10 π ligands for one or two metal centers but are often difficult to prepare and handle. In this issue, Hintermair et al. describe a facile synthetic pathway to tetraphenylpentalenide, the first arylated member of this elusive ligand class. The cover art (Copyright Cezmi Sürmeli) illustrates the rise of this ligand from dihydropentalene to hydropentalenide to pentalenide.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2022_22.txt,ave_2,2022_22.txt,The future is shining bright for organometallics. This special issue shines light on photo-active organometallic complexes and their applications as photoredox catalysts.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,"Phenyl pulling in the transmetalation universe: The elementary step of transmetalation from boron to copper is represented as a fierce battle of the two elements for a phenyl group. This contest is observed, although not in outer space, in the vacuum of a mass spectrometer. The gas-phase approach permits the exclusion of interfering effects present in solution and provides fundamental mechanistic insights into B–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
BDJ,237_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_10.png,C,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vith,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,clip,228_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on composite resin restorations, dental anatomy, and chairside learning.

Cover image: From 2008. The cover for this issue focuses on the dental world of 2008 when a significant development was the beginning of mandatory registration for dental care professionals (DCPs) with the General Dental Council. The ‘featured’ historic cover seen by the right hand of the person in this cover is a SEM, a source of images used from time to time as striking and as a literal representation of science as art; an ongoing connection. Published as Volume 204 No 3 on 9 Feb 2008, little did the world suspect that as the year developed so would a financial crisis, the effects and ramifications of which still have echoes to this day.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_10.txt,groundtruth,237_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on teledentistry, soft tissue surgery and GDPR.
Image credit: Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/229_10.txt,vitg,229_10.txt,train
Current Biology,34_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_14.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Chiarenza et al. reconstruct the evolution of dinosaur climatic niche, showing that ornithischians
and theropods developed broad climatic tolerances in the Early Jurassic, contrasting
with sauropodomorphs’ temperature conservatism. Broad niches in ornithischians and
theropods suggest “warm-bloodedness,” while sauropodomorphs' conservatism implies
“cold-bloodedness.” The dromaeosaurid theropod on the cover, which we reconstruct
as a likely homeotherm, is warming its nest amid a rigid and cold environment, evoking
the link between the evolution of thermophysiology and climate documented in this
paper. Image © Davide Bonadonna; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_14.txt,groundtruth,34_14.txt,"On the cover: Red factor and yellow canaries. Many species of birds in nature can
biochemically modify yellow dietary carotenoids to red ketocarotenoids to produce
red coloration of bills and feathers. In this issue, Lopes et al. (pages 1427–1434)
and Mundy et al. (pages 1435–1440) independently dissect the genetic basis of red
coloration in the canary and zebra finch, respectively. Both groups identified a gene
encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYPJ19) that mediates this yellow-to-red conversion in birds. Lopes et al. further identified
a second genomic region that is required for the production of red coloration in feathers
and that localizes to a cluster of genes involved in development of the integument.
These findings have important implications for studies of sexual selection, speciation,
and social signaling in birds. Photo credit: Rebecca Koch; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_14.txt,clip,26_14.txt,"On the cover: Critically endangered white-backed vultures (Gyps africanus) huddled around a carcass in Ethiopia. Vultures are a universal indicator of death—the
topic of this special issue (pages R543–R639)—yet they also exemplify how intimately
death is linked to life, for instance in an ecological context. Sadly, in recent years,
vultures have come to face a death threat of their own, and many vulture species are
now in severe danger of extinction (for more on vultures, see the Quick guide by Buechley
and Sekercioglu on pages R560–R561).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_12.txt,vith,26_12.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,train
Nature Water,2_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_10.png,D,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Towards net zero in the wastewater sector
Wastewater treatment is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Accounting for all those emissions is complex because emissions originate from several parts of the process, but it is the first, essential step towards a more sustainable wastewater industry. The Review by Ren and co-authors examines these complexities and provides guidance for the direction to take to eventually achieve net zero emissions. The cover shows a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.
See Song et al.
Image: dragon for real / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"Linking water and ecosystems
Ecohydrology utilizes the knowledge of both ecological and hydrological processes across various scales. It focuses on the complex interactions between water and ecosystems: how water affects the ecological systems and how ecosystems, in turn, influence the water cycle and water quality. Research in ecohydrology aims to advance the understanding of the interactions and to provide solutions that contribute to enhancing ecosystem conservation and sustainable water resource management.
The cover shows a UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Site: the area of Lake Wood, part of the Eddleston Water Project near Peebles, UK. The Eddleston Water Project serves as a dynamic testing ground for natural flood management techniques, which aim to bolster food resilience through the restoration of natural processes that slow water flow and increase water retention within the river system. This project demonstrates how ecohydrology research supports flood risk management, climate change adaptation and biodiversity enhancement at catchment scale.
See Editorial.
Image: Colin McLean Photography. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_10.txt,groundtruth,2_10.txt,test
Nature Astronomy,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_2.png,B,"A crescent-shaped heliosphere
3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the heliosphere is not elongated and comet-like, but rather has a smaller crescent-like shape. The model agrees with observations obtained by Cassini, New Horizons, and the two Voyager spacecraft.
See Opher et al..
Image credit: Merav Opher, Boston University Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,"Episodic resonance locking guides planet–star coevolution
Stellar seismology couples with planet migration to excite a series of resonance locks that affect the orbital evolution of planets, especially ‘dormant migrating giants’ that can become hot Jupiters when the star moves off the main sequence.
See de Wit et al.
Image: Carlos Villamil, Wentworth Institute of Technology and Julien de Wit, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2024. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Fingerprints of streaming instability
The ubiquitous population of Kuiper belt binaries holds clues to the mechanisms driving planetary formation. A 3D hydrodynamical model can reproduce the observed inclination distribution, as well as the dominance of prograde orbits, of Kuiper belt binaries by including planetesimal formation by the streaming instability.
See Nesvorný et al.
Image: Rixin Li, University of Arizona. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_4.txt,vith,3_4.txt,"The fingerprints of mass-loss
JWST observations of the colliding-wind Wolf–Rayet binary system WR 140 reveal nearly 20 nested shells of small dust particles. Each shell is generated at a particular point in the ~8-year binary orbit, thus cumulatively constructing a record of stellar mass-loss spanning more than 130 years.
See Lau et al.
Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, JPL-Caltech. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_2.txt,vitg,6_2.txt,train
Nature Food,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_7.png,C,"Focus on cellular agriculture
There are many viewpoints on how cellular agriculture technologies can benefit or hinder sustainable food system transformations.
This focus issue takes stock of the field from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our contributors comment on sustainability, food justice, corporate power and potential for greenwashing, virtue ethics, scaling for impact and antimicrobial resistance, and examine tensions and opportunities for moving forward.
See Editorial, Comments by Tuomisto, Ellis et al., Broad and Chiles, Howard, Bomkamp, Holmes et al. and Alvaro, World View by Friedrich, and Feature by Gruber
Image: Monty Rakusen/Getty Images. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_3.txt,ave_3,3_3.txt,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Greenhouse cultivation boom
Greenhouse cultivation has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Commercial nanosatellite imagery and artificial intelligence techniques reveal 1.3 million hectares of greenhouse infrastructures in 2019 — a much larger number than previously estimated. This includes large-scale (61%) and small-scale (39%) greenhouse infrastructures. A close examination of the temporal development of the 65 largest greenhouse clusters (>1,500 ha) suggests an upsurge in greenhouse cultivation in the Global South since the 2000s, including a dramatic increase in China (which accounts for 60% of the global greenhouse coverage). Major greenhouse clusters in the Global North were predominantly established in the 1970s and 1980s, while clusters in the Global South emerged around the 1990s and 2000s — but have grown more rapidly since.
See Tong et al.
Image: Justin Paget/DigitalVision/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_408,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_408.png,A,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on glutamate receptor clustering. The image depicts some of the proteins involved in AMPA receptor clustering. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_408.txt,groundtruth,2007_408.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Affortit et al. report that a subset of outer hair cells in the organ of Corti develop improperly in mice carrying a disease-associated allele of the gene encoding thyroid hormone receptor α1, leading to early onset of hearing deficits similar to age-related hearing loss. The image is a colorized scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the organ of Corti in the cochlea of a guinea pig. Each of the outer hair cells (pink) produces a V-shaped array of stereocilia, and the inner hair cells are characterized by a linear arrangement of stereocilia.  Credit: Eye of Science/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_738.txt,vitg,15_738.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on pathways through which GPCRs signal to nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. The image depicts a seven-transmembrane receptor. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_392.txt,clip,2007_392.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that structurally defines a cavity in the ion channel TRPA1 that critically coordinates the complex manner in which the channel's sensitivity is regulated and in which alterations may underlie chronic pain and other disorders. The image shows a docking model of the channel with phosphoinositides. [Image: Zimova et al.,  Science Signaling ]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_514.txt,vith,11_514.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_7.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p381
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"'Chromatic cargo' by Patrick Morgan, inspired by the Progress article on p445.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/15_6.txt,vith,15_6.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"Inspired by the Focus issue starting on p485.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_5.txt,vitg,24_5.txt,train
Structure,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_2.png,D,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The Bombyx mori Carotenoid Binding Protein (BmCBP) controls cocoon coloration via solubilization
and transportation of carotenoids from mulberry leaves, which are digested by the
silkworm and transferred to its silk gland. The discovered carotenoid embedment mechanism
by BmCBP (see Sluchanko et al., 1647–1659) establishes the general principles of carotenoid
binding by START domains and, as shown on the cover, recursively resembles the cocoon
itself, which is spun by the silkworm just as it knits the structure of BmCBP protein,
whose function has been relevant for sericulture for ages. Cover art credit: Yury
B. Slonimskiy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/30_1.txt,ave_3,30_1.txt,"On the cover: The β-carotene-binding protein (BBP) is a water-soluble pigment-protein
complex responsible for the bright yellow coloration in the integuments of gregarious
phase nymphs and adult males of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. The image symbolically depicts a swarm of desert locusts with one yellow individual
illuminated by sunlight, thus creating an illusion of the BBP crystal structure. The
structure determined by Egorkin et al. reveals the β-carotene embedment mechanism utilized by BBP and shows a strong structural
complementarity between ligand and protein. Image credit: Lavrova Anastasia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,val
ACS Catalysis,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_16.png,C,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles.  Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_17.txt,vith,2023_17.txt,The debut of cyclic alkyl amino carbene on the gold nanoparticle surface leads to the selective reduction of CO2 to CO.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_11.png,B,"Periodontal immunology, inspired by the Review on p426.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_1,21_6.txt,"Thymic selection, inspired by the Review on p103.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_11.txt,groundtruth,24_11.txt,"Atherosclerosis, inspired by the Review on p251.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_9.txt,clip,22_9.txt,"‘Rounding up tumour cells’, inspired by the Review on p483.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_5.txt,vith,20_5.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_4.png,C,"The nanomasking method enables fabrication of  hollow nanoparticles with dual-scale porosity on the shell, which efficiently  encapsulate macromolecular cargos such as immunogenic non-human enzymes filled  through mesopores into a hollow interior, shielding them from antibodies and proteases  once the mesopores are sealed with nanoporous material. The cover image shows an  artistic 3D model of these nanoparticles while enzymes are diffusing through  mesopores on the surface (upper left). The nanomasking method provides  independent control of the particle permeability and size and, at the same  time, yields monodisperse nanoparticles as shown in the electron micrograph of  multiple nanoparticles with diameters around 430 nm (center). A  close-up electron micrograph of an individual nanoparticle with a  diameter of 430 nm reveals the precise control that can be achieved by the  technique (bottom right).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2014_7.txt,vitg,2014_7.txt,The cover image shows a composition of two atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of a 1H/1T-TaS2 van der Waals heterostructure. Band hybridization between the layers reveals two charge density waves on the 1H surface: the more corrugated (√13 × √13) R13.9˚ on the left and the less corrugated quasi-(3 × 3) on the right.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2024_17.txt,vith,2024_17.txt,An evanescent near field (golden particles) beneath the apex of a metallic tip launches a surface plasmon polariton wave (golden surface wave) on an atomically thin graphene layer (hexagonal ball and stick model). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"This cover shows a three-dimensionally rendered ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope image of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecular chains on an epitaxial graphene surface. PCDA is used as a template for growing sub-10 nm oxide nanostructures on graphene via atomic layer deposition. Justice M. P. Alaboson, Chun-Hong Sham, Sumit Kewalramani, Jonathan D. Emery, James E. Johns, Aparna Deshpande, TeYu Chien, Michael J. Bedzyk, Jeffrey W. Elam, Michael J. Pellin, and Mark C. Hersam, pp 5763.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2013_1.txt,clip,2013_1.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_8.png,B,"In this issue...
As the COVID-19 bowling ball careens through the dental industry as we know it, we ask whether labs and technicians are the last pins to fall
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_3.txt,clip,33_3.txt,"In this May issue...
Technology is here to stay, and for those early adopters, you're likely reaping the rewards. For those unwilling or unable, this issue's cover feature digs into what's around the corner in the hope of trickledown technology
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_8.txt,groundtruth,37_8.txt,"In this issue...
Is there anything we can learn from dentistry post-COVID? Will we learn anything? We discuss whether dentistry will take successes forward into the future
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_9.txt,ave_1,34_9.txt,"In this issue...
Dental charities do some brilliant work overseas, but an increasing number have to treat patients in the UK. How has dentistry got into this position?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_8.txt,vith,35_8.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_4.png,A,"Pulsar-like or pulsar-unlike?
A rare long-period transient detected by CSIRO’s ASKAP radio telescope could be either a neutron star or white dwarf emitting in an unusual way. These two possibilities are represented here. In either case, the source is a member of an under-explored population of radio transients.
See Caleb et al.
Image: Carl Knox, OzGrav – Swinburne University of Technology. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"Bursting with potential
The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a fast new survey facility for the southern radio sky. Its 36 dishes and unique receiver technology give the array a wide field of view, with excellent sensitivity. This issue of Nature Astronomy features early results from ASKAP (see McClure-Griffiths et al.) and an overview of ASKAP’s capabilities in searching for fast radio bursts (see Mission Control).
See Bannister
Image: Alex Cherney. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,"The testing search for technosignatures
Artist's impression of artificial lights on a hypothetical Earth-like planet in the Proxima Centauri system. Breakthrough Listen's search for technosignatures (signs of technology developed by extraterrestrial intelligence) scanned the Proxima Centauri system for artificial radio signals using the Parkes Telescope in Australia. Two papers in this issue of Nature Astronomy report the analysis of ""BLC1"", a candidate technosignature found in the data.
See Price et al.
Image: Breakthrough Listen / Danielle Futselaar Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_2.txt,vitg,5_2.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,val
Cell Chemical Biology,31_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.png,C,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,ave_2,31_4.txt,"On the cover: For Cell Chemical Biology’s 30th anniversary year, we kick off our celebrations with a special issue on RNA
modulation alongside an Editorial, a Q&A from founding editors, and other opinion
pieces from RNA biologists presenting opportunities for targeting RNA. The cover illustrates
the adaptability of RNA molecules, which allow natural and synthetic modulation for
expanded functions. This reflects the topics of the Reviews and Articles within the
special issue describing advances in our understanding of the structural diversity,
function, and regulation of RNA and harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic strategies
against viral infections or cancer. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.txt,groundtruth,31_15.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,clip,23_12.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_1.png,C,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,vith,26_4.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,vitg,22_3.txt,"Cell division in embryos
Blocking cell division in zebrafish embryos does not affect differentiation of embryonic tissues during gastrulation and segmentation but does decelerate differentiation of particular cells.
See Kukreja et al.
Image: Bill Z Jia, Kalki Kukreja and Sean G Megason, Harvard Medical School. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,Dicer-deficient cells have multiple spindles (green) and undergo aberrant mitosis. cover design: Lawrence Keogh,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_417,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_417.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week, Funk et al. report that the undruggable drivers of head and neck tumors might be indirectly targeted by pharmacologically inhibiting the kinase LZK or inducing the targeted degradation of LZK with a newly developed PROTAC. The image shows an illustration of the structure of a PROTAC, which brings the protein of interest in close proximity to an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Credit: Thom Leach/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/18_873.txt,vith,18_873.txt,"COVER This week features a Protocol that describes how to used engineered thioredoxin to identify redox-reactive cell surface proteins. The image is reduced recombinant human thioredoxin based on PDB 3trx. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_417.txt,groundtruth,2007_417.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week wraps up the series on Structural Biology and features a Research Article that describes how the interaction between proteins that bind ankyrin repeat domains may be like that of a key with a lock (the ankyrin repeat domain as the lock and its partner as the key). The image shows the ankyrin repeats of the protein ANKRA2 interacting with the teeth of a key. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_226.txt,vitg,5_226.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on variant IFN-α proteins with distinct activities. The image depicts human IFN-α. [Image based on PDB 1rh2.],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_405.txt,clip,2007_405.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.png,D,"Patient-specific 3D-printed cardiac plugs
This issue highlights a personalized cardiovascular occluder made via 3D printing, a cloud-based machine-learning software for the prediction of CRISPR–Cas9 off-target effects, a stem-cell-based approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and engineered microbes for cancer chemoprevention.
The cover illustrates a 3D-printed personalized occluder for closing the heart’s left atrial appendage so as to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
See Robinson et al.
Image: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"Potent and safer editing via nanoparticle-delivered ribonucleoprotein
This issue highlights advances in genome editing, including the enhancement of the efficiency and precision of base editing and prime editing, the optimization of the delivery of genome editors and the reduction of off-target effects.
The cover illustrates lipid nanoparticles optimized for enhancing the stability, delivery efficiency and editing potency of ribonucleoproteins for base editing and prime editing.
See Hołubowicz et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Samuel W. Du, University of California, Irvine and Yekaterina Kadyzhevskaya, University of Southern California. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/9_1.txt,vitg,9_1.txt,"Long-lasting implanted biomaterials
This focus issue highlights strategies for increasing the functional durability of implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates a subcutaneously-implanted scaffold for the study and modulation of a pre-metastatic niche (Review Article).
Image by Katie Aguado.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_7.txt,vith,1_7.txt,"Decoupled antigen binding and CD3 signalling in allogeneic T cells
This issue highlights the engineering of T cells and other immunomodulatory therapeutic cells with augmented functionality, for use to treat HIV, cancers, red-blood-cell disorders and injured, inflamed tissue.
The cover illustrates that allogeneic T cells can be engineered with a T cell receptor that decouples antigen-mediated T cell activation from T cell cytotoxicity.
See Kapetanovic et al.
Image: Daniel Pöschl, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,test
Nature Human Behaviour,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_12.png,C,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Exploring vast problem spaces
How do humans search for rewards in unfamiliar environments, where not all options can be exhaustively explored? Wu et al. show how a combination of generalization and optimistic sampling guides efficient human exploration in complex environments.
See Wu et al.
Image: Mike Ellis, The New Yorker © Conde Nast. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,"Conceptual bootstrapping
How does the mind bootstrap its way to complex concepts? Across four experiments, Zhao et al. show that a key feature of the acquisition of complex concepts is the incremental construction of compositional representations. The authors then develop a model of conceptual bootstrapping, which captures the process of learning complex concepts by recursively combining simpler concepts.
See Zhao et al.
Cover image: Bowen Xiong, Visual Artist. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2025_2.png,C,"All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging as a promising material in a wide range of applications. This work reports the superb charge transport of CsPbBr3 NCs serving as the channel material in a field-effect transistor, as well as the enhanced gas-sensing properties, after sequential MeOAc solvent soaking treatment and Ostwald ripening process. Shown on the cover is the CsPbBr3 NCs illustrating green luminescence and high selectivity towards NO2 gas molecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_2.txt,vitg,2020_2.txt,The atomic-level structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for polysulfides conversion is rarely investigated in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries. This work proposes a novel exfoliation-evaporation strategy to fabricate Co SACs with different N coordination numbers and elaborately investigates the relationship between N coordination number and polysulfides redox kinetics. The image illustrates the excellent catalytic activities of Co SACs with a low coordination number for both oxidation and reduction processes of sulfur species.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_12.txt,vith,2022_12.txt,"This study introduces an efficient boric acid cross-linking strategy for enhancing the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of PVA-doped films. The rigidity of the polymer matrix is increased through covalent cross-linking, resulting in both high efficiency and long lifetime by suppressing non-radiative decay and reducing luminescence quenching under ambient conditions. This RTP system has been successfully applied in inkjet printing and binary anti-counterfeiting applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The screening of most suitable dual atom alloy catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to C1 and C2 products is accelerated implementing integrated density functional theory and machine learning methods.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_3.png,B,"Materials engineering enables the control of water–material interactions in solar vapour generators, which aim to efficiently use solar energy for the cost-effective production of clean water. This Review discusses material-design principles for solar evaporators, spanning from macrostructures to molecular configurations. See Zhao et al
Image: Guihua Yu. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_8.txt,clip,5_8.txt,"Universal access to fresh water and modern energy are key to a sustainable and just future. Sorbent materials that capture and release water molecules are at the heart of technologies that turn the Earth’s abundant atmospheric moisture into drinkable water and energy, making these essential resources more accessible to all. See the Editorial
Cover image: Jiaxing Xu, Tingxian Li and Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_3.txt,groundtruth,9_3.txt,"In this Focus Issue we explore new research directions in the field of moiré materials, including results from global and local probe studies, the use of interlayer hybridization for property tuning, potential commonalities with the physics underlying strongly correlated materials, and the recent discovery of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect. See the Editorial
Cover design: David Johnston. Cover image: Nuckolls, K.P., et al. Nature 620, 525–532 (2023).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.txt,vitg,9_6.txt,"Plastics shape the modern world, but between their reliance on fossil fuels and their massive accumulation as waste, plastics are also at the heart of a dual environmental crisis. In this month’s Focus Issue, our collection of articles explores plastics from many perspectives, including biopolymers for a circular economy, the design of polymers with end-of-life management in mind and the issue of microplastics. See Plastics give and plastics take.
Image: Vânia Zuin and Klaus Kümmerer, University Lüneburg, and Rafael Meireles Barroso, Cia. Peculiar. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_11.txt,ave_1,7_11.txt,val
ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2025_1.png,C,"The field-flow fractionation technique enables robust in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona at the surface of nanomedicine, which, in turn, can substantially improve our ability to accurately predict the biological fate of nanomedicine and, therefore, enable development of more effective, safe, and precisely targeted nanomedicine. The image was created by DALL·E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,ave_3,2024_3.txt,"Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the first antibiotic from Penicillium species, inspires a researcher to explore its potential. By incorporating silicon into MPA,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The class of czcD riboswitches showed conserved selectivity for FeII over other biologically relevant metals at their approximated physiological concentrations. czcD riboswitches are hypothesized to combat iron toxicity in bacteria by binding FeII selectively to turn on the transcription and promote the translation of the downstream putative FeII-exporter protein. Cover artwork created with BioRender.com.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2022_3.txt,clip,2022_3.txt,val
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_5.png,C,"Branched-chain amino acids, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_11.txt,clip,20_11.txt,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,"Protein glycosylation, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,"Immune checkpoints, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_12.png,C,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,"Efficient synthesis of novel glucuronic acid glycodendrimers with different scaffolds and different levels of multivalency as potent Dengue virus inhibitors. Using SPR and molecular modeling studies, the antiviral activity of these glycodendrimers was evaluated against Dengue virus. This antiviral evaluation indicated that glycodendrimers with flexible scaffolds and a high level of multivalency present strong binding affinity. This family of glycodendrimers can be considered as novel Dengue virus lead compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,train
Structure,32_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_9.png,A,"On the cover: The cover figure, from Bartoš et al., shows the insertase protein MTCH2 scrambling lipids in the membrane. While the primary
function of insertases is the insertion of proteins into membranes, MTCH2 stands out
by also scrambling lipids thanks to its hydrophilic pathway that locally disrupts
the membrane. Thus, certain insertases and scramblases may share a common mechanism
of function. Image courtesy of Lukáš Sukeník.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_9.txt,groundtruth,32_9.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows four images of different structures formed by the retromer
protein complex, together with a schematic model of how one retromer structure may
orient itself with respect to endosomal membranes. Kendall et al. (393–405) used single-particle
cryo-EM studies to visualize these structures, which suggest that the retromer may
function as a plastic and adaptable scaffold in cells. Cover art by Amy Kendall and
Lauren Jackson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_9.txt,ave_1,28_9.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_5.png,B,"Lasting bioelectronic devices
This focus issue highlights engineering advances that lengthen the lifespan of bioelectronics (Editorial, Comment): energy harvesting in the gastrointestinal tract (Article, News &amp; Views), a conformal electromagnetic surface for powering an implanted device (Article, News &amp; Views), and an ultrathin passivating layer for electronic arrays (Article, News &amp; Views).
The cover illustrates an ingestible energy-harvesting electrochemical cell (Article, News &amp; Views).
Image by When I Shoot Your Masterpiece / Diemut Strebe",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_10.txt,ave_1,1_10.txt,"Softening intravenous insertion
This issue highlights an intravenous needle that softens on insertion, a bilingual speech neuroprosthesis, spinal-cord stimulation for the restoration of sensory feedback in individuals with transtibial amputation, a thermoelectric device for the restoration of thermal perceptions in a phantom hand, nanowire arrays for restoring vision, implantable temperature sensors for monitoring intestinal inflammation, and the recapitulation of neuropathogenesis induced by SARS-CoV-2 in a lung–brain microphysiological system.
The cover illustrates an intravenous needle whose stiffness and shape depend on body temperature so that it can soften on insertion.
See Agno et al.
Image: Karen-Christian Agno, Eun Young Jeong and Jae-Woong Jeong (KAIST), and Younghee Lee. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Long-lasting implanted biomaterials
This focus issue highlights strategies for increasing the functional durability of implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates a subcutaneously-implanted scaffold for the study and modulation of a pre-metastatic niche (Review Article).
Image by Katie Aguado.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_4.png,D,"'Splicing things up in cancer' by Lara Crow, inspired by the Review on p413.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/16_6.txt,vitg,16_6.txt,"Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"The many facets of RNA, inspired by the Review on p22.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_12.txt,vith,21_12.txt,"One circular RNA to rule them all, inspired by the Review on p597
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_4.txt,groundtruth,24_4.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.png,B,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,ave_2,2023_11.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The cover art depicts an innovative solar reflector design. Utilizing polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystals, the originally transparent polymer achieves near 100% solar reflectivity. This design shows considerable potential for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, smart agriculture, space missions, and wearable solar devices. Part of the cover art was created using MidJourney AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_5.png,B,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,By integrating DNA-functionalized Au nanoparticles in the isothermal DNA amplification of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,Host-pathogen interactions involve biomolecular interactions that are deleterious to the host. The cover is an artistic rendition of a chemist taking aim at a pathogen-host interaction with a chemical probe (the arrow) (artwork by Ella Marushchenko with design contributions from Miroslava Strmiskova).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_2.txt,clip,2016_2.txt,"The cover features an illustration of macrophages infected by Leishmania amastigotes. In their article, Mina et al. report Leishmania inositol phosphorylceramide synthase as a potential therapeutic target for the antihistamine clemastine fumarate. Image credit: Shutterstock. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2021_12.txt,ave_1,2021_12.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_10.png,B,"On the Cover: The cover features muscle cells of myotonic dystrophy patients with increased myogenic
differentiation capacity after removal of the expanded DMPK-(CTG⋅CAG)n repeat by dual
CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage. A culture of gene-edited mononuclear myoblasts that start producing
myosin heavy chain (MHC; stained with green fluorescent antibodies) and fuse into
multinuclear myotubes (DAPI-stained nuclei in magenta) are shown at low density. See
the article by Wieringa et al. (pages 24–43).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_14.txt,clip,25_14.txt,"On the cover: Immunofluorescent labeling of nerves marked by tyrosine hydroxylase (blue) wrapping
around an adipocyte (orange, autofluorescence) of a diet-induced obese mouse following
adipocyte-specific Rec2-AAV-mediated overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF),
which increased the presence of these neuro-adipose nexus (NAN) structures, as captured
on a Leica Stellaris confocal by Jake W. Willows, in collaboration with Blaszkiewicz and Townsend.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,vith,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_7.png,A,"Targeting tumor vascularization
De Palma and Hanahan outline the latest advances in understanding tumor angiogenesis and discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting tumor vascularization.
See De Palma and Hanahan
Image: Mohammed Elamine ALIOUI / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"Stromal heterogeneity unraveled
Unravelling the dynamic changes in cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations during breast cancer progression.
See Friedman et al..
Image: Genia Brodsky & Scherz-Shouval lab, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Charting tumor evolution with the Human Tumor Atlas Network
The Human Tumor Atlas Network explores tumor evolution in time and space by compiling integrative atlases of cellular, molecular and histological tumor features.
See Iglesia et al. , Zhu et al. and Esplin et al.
Image: Lilawa.com / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_2.txt,vith,5_2.txt,"Multiomics of metastatic breast cancer from the AURORA US Network
The AURORA US Metastasis Project presents a multiplatform resource of paired primary and metastatic breast cancers, to deepen insights into the molecular underpinnings of metastasis.
See Garcia-Recio et al.
Image: Sara Winter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_12.txt,vitg,4_12.txt,train
Current Biology,34_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_15.png,B,"On the cover: A 2 hr time series of an Arabidopsis thaliana root tip showing root cap cells undergoing programmed cell death. The displacement
of the tip is caused by root growth, while the cell death at the end of the root cap
keeps the size of this organ constant. In cells preparing for cell death, GFP labels
the cytoplasm and RFP is targeted to the vacuole. Cytosolic acidification, vacuolar
collapse, and clearance of individual cells are discernible during the cell death
process. Time progresses from top to bottom; the image is mirrored. In this issue,
Fendrych, Van Hautegem, et al. (pages 931–940) analyze programmed cell death in lateral
root cap cells. Image by Matyáš Fendrych.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/24_16.txt,vitg,24_16.txt,"On the cover: Confocal micrograph of an Arabidopsis thaliana seedling, 20 h post germination. The seed coat is still partially covering the cotyledons.
The plasma membrane is shown in magenta and the nuclei in green. In this issue, Bou Daher et al. show that xyloglucan, a cell wall polysaccharide, plays an important role in hypocotyl
emergence and root penetration in the soil during early seedling development. The
lack of xyloglucan affects the biochemical, structural, and mechanical properties
of the cell wall and induces a reduction in turgor pressure, leading to a compromised
seedling establishment. Image by Firas Bou Daher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_15.txt,groundtruth,34_15.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Jokura et al. (pages 3510–3516) find a protein uniquely
present in the compound cilia of ctenophores, the “comb plate.” This protein is localized
in the structure that connects adjacent cilia and is required for the coordinated
movement in comb plates. The image shows the lobate ctenophore Bolinopsis mikado: the iridescent comb plates are lined in eight rows and paddling during locomotion.
Image by Eiji Fujiwara, Documentary Channel Co., Ltd., used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_5.txt,clip,29_5.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.png,B,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,vitg,2023_8.txt,"We evaluate the diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from both pre- and post-harvest 'Alkar' tall wheatgrass, a candidate biofuel. While green leaf volatiles dominate post-harvest emissions, we demonstrate novel post-harvest VOCs that are under-characterized in the context of carbon cycling and atmospheric chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,vith,2023_10.txt,Density functional theory calculations are used to probe the possibility of the formation of benzene from acetylene precursors on the surface of olivine dust particles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_12.png,A,"Inspired by the Reviews on p8 and p61
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_12.txt,ave_1,23_12.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"COVER: inspired by the Perspective on p447.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_6.txt,vith,23_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.png,A,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,test
Cell Host&Microbe,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_6.png,C,"On the cover: During infancy, a dynamic process of ecological succession within the
microbiota is observed until stabilization in childhood, as illustrated on the cover.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Roswall and colleagues (765–776) follow a Swedish cohort of children from 4 months
through 5 years of age, finding that during this time the gut microbiota develops
but has not yet reached the complexity of adulthood. Also, in this Focus Issue of
Cell Host & Microbe, a series of review and primary research articles are presented to highlight our
growing understanding of phages and their potential utilities in diagnostics and therapeutics.
Wahida and colleagues (681–688) provide an update on the tripartite symbiosis between
phages, bacteria, and humans and how these relationships impact human health, while
Freije and Sabeti (689–703) discuss how CRISPR-Cas systems can be exploited for viral
diagnostics and therapies. Li and Bondy-Denomy (704–714) review the anti-CRISPR system
in phages, while Watson and colleagues (715–725) discuss bacteria and phage coevolution.
Finally, Mangalea and colleagues (726–739) present a virome analysis of individuals
at risk of developing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), setting the stage for utilizing phages
as potential preclinical biomarkers of disease and providing insight into microbial
contributions to RA.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_8.txt,clip,29_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,"On the cover: Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is the most abundant human skin microbiota, contributing to the skin homeostasis.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Yu et al. demonstrate genetic heterogeneity and functional diversity of C. acnes in normal skin, atopic dermatitis, and acne (represented by the dyeing clothes from
left to right). Sebaceous glands (represented by the plaids in the clothes) that are
expanded in acne while reduced in atopic dermatitis influence the composition and
function of C. acnes. Artwork by Qing Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,val
Nature Computational Science,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_2.png,C,"Semiconductor discovery with data-driven strategies
Computational methods can play a key role in the discovery of semiconductor materials, such as the chips depicted on the cover. In this issue, Lijun Zhang and colleagues highlight data-driven computational frameworks for improving semiconductor discovery and device development, as well as discuss recent advances, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
See Zhang et. al.
Image: MirageC/Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_8.txt,ave_3,4_8.txt,"Energy-efficient large language models
Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), on conventional von Neumann computing hardware — which separates memory and computing — is notoriously energy and power intensive. In this issue, Abu Sebastian and colleagues demonstrate that devices based on non-volatile memory (a type of analog in-memory computing hardware), constructed in three dimensions (3D), could substantially improve the energy efficiency of LLMs by leveraging ‘mixture of experts’ (MoEs) models. The cover image depicts MoEs neural networks realized through 3D analog in-memory computing on a silicon microchip, with multiple stacked tiers representing the experts in the network.
See Büchel et al. and Anand Subramoney
Image: Jeongung Cho, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,"Impact of generative AI on e-waste
The rising popularity and usage of generative artificial intelligence (AI) amongst the general public and for research purposes has contributed to an increase in electronic waste (e-waste). In this issue, Peng Wang and colleagues propose a computational framework to quantify the amount of e-waste that is produced by generative AI, particularly large language models, highlighting the potential for rapid e-waste growth under different scenarios and emphasizing the need for circular economies and proactive e-waste management strategies.
See Peng Wang et al. and Loïc Lannelongue
Image: Guillaume Payen / LightRocket / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,clip,2_7.txt,test
Trends in Parasitology,40_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_10.png,C,"The cover illustrates, in an entertaining manner, that humans (exemplified by proud
neurons in a classroom) can learn many general rules of molecular and cell biology
from trypanosomes. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Lukeš et al. argue that these parasites stand out by being instrumental in numerous revolutionary
discoveries that have widely informed biology. The authors discuss the outstanding
cases of RNA editing, departure from the canonical genetic code, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
anchors and adaptations within the endocytic apparatus, glycosomes as a specific incarnation
of peroxisomes, alternative oxidase, import of transfer RNA, and the role trypanosomes
played in the revolutionary discovery of RNA interference. In all these and numerous
other cases, trypanosomes have pushed the boundaries of cell and molecular biology.
Cover credit: Ambar Kachale and Julius Lukeš.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_2.txt,ave_2,39_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,vith,33_7.txt,"The cover illustrates a famous self portrait of Frida Kahlo that depicts
the close relation between humans and animals (domestics and wildlife) in a tropical
environment, typical of many zoonotic dirofilariasis infections. The parasite and
its vector
(Dirofilaria and the mosquito) are also part of this intricate interface. In this issue of Trends in
   Parasitology, Perles et al. review data concerning dirofilariasis in humans, especially wildlife
associated Dirofilaria species that are less often reported as causative agents of human
dirofilariasis, including D. striata, D. tenuis, D. ursi, D. spectans and D. magnilarvata. The authors advocate the importance of combined morphological and genomic approaches
to
providing unequivocal evidence for their zoonotic potential and pathogenicity. Image
credit: Sofia Otranto and Jairo Mendoza-Roldan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_10.txt,groundtruth,40_10.txt,"In the May issue of Trends in Parasitology, Schwartz, Hams and Fallon take a closer look at how helminths may both damage and
repair allergic lung inflammation. The cover shows an inflamed and healthy lung lobe
pierced by the Rod of Asclepius entwined with a hookworm. Cover artwork by Joanna
Ogmore Tilley, 2017, acrylic on canvas.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/34_8.txt,clip,34_8.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_4.png,B,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,vith,16_4.txt,"Digital braiding of Fibonacci anyons
Anyons are particles that do not follow either Bose or Fermi statistics and can be found in quantum many-body systems that have a non-Abelian topological order. They can be used to encode and manipulate quantum information in a topologically protected manner, meaning that they are robust against some types of noise. Shibo Xu et al. have used a superconducting quantum processor to simulate non-Abelian topologically ordered states of the Fibonacci string-net model and demonstrate both braiding and fusion of Fibonacci anyons — operations that are required to implement quantum gates.
See Xu et al.
Image: Shibo Xu, Jiachen Chen, Zheng-Zhi Sun. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"When networks get real
Combining concepts from knot theory and statistical mechanics leads to a method for distinguishing between physical networks with identical wiring but different layouts.
See Barabási et al.
IMAGE: Alice Grishchenko. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,"Glassy learning
The physics that underlies the glass transition is both subtle and non-trivial. A machine learning approach based on graph networks is now shown to accurately predict the dynamics of glasses over a wider range of temperature, pressure and density.
See Bapst et al.
Image: DeepMind Technologies Limited. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_9.txt,vitg,16_9.txt,test
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_1.png,D,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_11.txt,vitg,2015_11.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,The dyeing of uric acid crystals by heteroatom-substituted rhodamines has revealed their robust and specific interactions. Sensitively tracking the stained uric acid crystals during their interaction with the living cells offers extensive information about their pathological processes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_5.png,D,"The experimental set-up used by Hafezi and colleagues to measure the winding number of edge states in a 2D photonic system consisting of a 2D array of ring resonators.
Letter p180
IMAGE: EMILY EDWARDS, JOINT QUANTUM INSTITUTE
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_10.txt,clip,10_10.txt,"Plasmonics provides a new tool for colour imaging.
Cover design by Tom Wilson
Letter by Eric Laux  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_10.txt,vitg,2_10.txt,"Focus on metasurfaces
This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics.
See Neshev and Miroshnichenko
Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,"Stretchable displays
A soft ribbon-shaped perovskite electroluminescent display simultaneously offers multicolour output, stretchability, high brightness, and double-sided emission. This dynamic display capability holds promise for broad applications in interactive wearable devices, artificial skin, and soft robotics.
See Chun et al.
Image: Dr. Fengjun Chun, City University of Hong Kong. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_5.txt,groundtruth,18_5.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_6.png,C,"This month Nature Medicine features a collection of articles focusing on regenerative medicine (pp 814–880). Cover image: ""My Life as a Hill"" by Pamela Goode",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_5.txt,vitg,20_5.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,"Focus on Precision Health
This special Focus issue is all about precision health, the tailoring of preventive and treatment approaches to individuals based on their unique characteristics, across different geographical and clinical contexts.
The cover shows a heart created from fruits and vegetables representing the work from Bermingham et al. showing that personalized dietary programs can lead to significant improvements in cardiometabolic and gut health.
See Bermingham et al.
Image: ZOE. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_6.txt,groundtruth,30_6.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_3.png,C,"Tumor cell dormancy has been linked to late cancer relapse. On pages 66–78 in this
issue, Prunier et al. examine recent evidence pointing to a central role for TGF-β signaling in regulating
mechanisms of cellular dormancy, and discuss therapeutic approaches. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,"Engineering nanotechnology for cancer therapy is a fast-paced field, and applications
in immuno-oncology are highly awaited. On pages 551–560 in this issue, Shiladitya
Sengupta reflects on past successes and failures of cancer nanodrugs, and discusses
how to leverage these lessons to design next-generation nanomedicines for immunotherapy.
Cover design by iStock/Jakarin2521.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) can target two different epitopes or
antigens and can be leveraged for therapeutic targeting in cancer. The bsAb structure
can be engineered to enable diverse mechanisms of action – from dual modulation
of signaling pathways or immune checkpoints, to T cell, NK, or innate immune
cell engagers. In this issue, Herrera et al. provide a comprehensive review of this
rapidly evolving field, detailing advances in preclinical and clinical developments,
as well as challenges ahead. The cover art depicts the complexities of the tumor
microenvironment as a cosmos, and the moment a bispecific T cell engager binds to
and activates tumor-infiltrating T cells to enable cancer cell killing. Design by
Lewis
Au. Illustration by Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_3.txt,groundtruth,10_3.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,train
One Earth,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_7.png,B,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover features Suze Woolf’s artwork Larger Than Life from her series of “burned tree portraits.” By realizing that a paper substrate can
be any shape, including the contour of a burned tree, Suze works on torn paper to
represent the state of the forests. The paintings are both a metaphor for and an example
of our human impact on nature: our prediliction for cooking the planet. The artwork
featured on this month's cover illustrates the topography of fire-carved layers of
lignin, from the Tripod burn on Tiffany Mountain in Washington State's Pasayten Wilderness.
The patterns reminded Suze of the swoops and swirls of '60s acid rock music posters.
Cover by Suze Woolf https://www.suzewoolf-fineart.com/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: This painting, and others in this series by John Sabraw, is inspired
by satellite imagery, dynamic flows of waterways, and the poetic beauty of complex
ecosystems. Sabraw incorporates sustainably sourced pigments that are extracted in
the process of remediating streams polluted from acid mine drainage from coal mining.
His collaborative team of engineers and environmentalists separate iron oxide pollutant
from clean water and transform it into safe and sustainable artist's pigment. As the
climate crisis continues to escalate, Sabraw's work offers an inspiring combination
of action, activism, and art that reminds us that there are many ways to make a difference.
For more of Sabraw's work, please visit https://www.johnsabraw.com/.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_11.txt,ave_1,5_11.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_21.png,B,"From simple glycosyl iodide building blocks, complex glycan structures emerge in step economy synthetic processes. See Account by Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00357). Cover art design by Simon Park and Steven Oerding. Image of torus used under license from Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_12.txt,vitg,2016_12.txt,"Enzyme-free dynamic DNA reaction networks represent a prospective branch for constructing high-efficiency molecular sensing tools. In this Account, we focus on the multidimensional performance of advanced nucleic acid circuits and discuss how to employ them for achieving precise imaging and cell regulation in bioanalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"DNA origami structures serve as templates to organize gold nanoparticles in chiral geometries, forming left- and right-handed chiral plasmonic nanostructures. See article by Na Liu and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00389). Cover art by Junna Li.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_1.txt,vith,2017_1.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_4.png,C,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,vith,1_5.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,groundtruth,1_4.txt,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,test
Nature Water,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/3_1.png,D,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Cyanobacterial scum from a harmful algal bloom
Cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystin produced by these blooms threaten water resources around the globe. Regions with the highest risk for elevated microcystin concentrations are expected to shift to higher latitudes under global warming. The image on the cover shows cyanobacterial scum from a harmful algal bloom in Milford Lake, located in Kansas, USA.
See Merder et al.
Image: Ted D. Harris, Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"A deep look at lake surface temperatures
Lake surface water temperature is rising across the globe. Less than half of lake warming is due to surface air temperature (SAT) change, and accelerated evaporation causes slower lake warming compared to SAT. The image on the cover shows a composite of two Landsat images captured in July of different years (1987 for northeast and 2016 for southwest) from the same location (Ozero Neyto, Russia, and its surrounding sprawling lakes).
See Tong et al.
IMAGE: Lian Feng, Southern University of Science and Technology. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"An all-water mission
Water observing and monitoring, both ground-based and space-based, are essential for understanding the water cycle and managing water resources. A recently launched space observatory, called the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides direct, high-resolution measurements of water elevation and volume across various water bodies, including open and coastal oceans (shown as coloured sea surface height anomalies), as well as lakes and rivers (displayed as water surface elevations), making it a truly comprehensive surface water mission. The image shows a snapshot of Earth’s surface water elevation from the SWOT satellite mission during its inaugural science orbit. Fully validated data is now publicly available for scientists to study changing water and energy cycles and for users to manage water resources worldwide.
See Vinogradova et al.
Image: NASA. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_11.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,clip,47_14.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,"Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have transformed the technique
from low-resolution ‘blobology’ to one which bears high-resolution structures. In
this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 837-848, Drs. Radostin Danev, Haruaki Yanagisawa, and Masahide Kikkawa explore
the current state of single particle analysis (SPA) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET),
and discuss areas where additional advancements are needed as well as where progress
is expected. Cover image source: iStock/somchaij.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_3.txt,vith,44_3.txt,"The aberrant accumulation of amyloid structures is the underlying cause
of severe human diseases. However, the amyloid fold also plays a role in executing
specific biological functions. In the pages 119−133 of this issue, Garcia-Pardo and
Ventura discuss how the recent cryo-EM resolution revolution has enabled deciphering
the molecular intricacies of ribonucleoprotein amyloids, providing clues to rationalize
the dual involvement of this fold in normal protein function and disease pathology.
The cover art was designed by Dr. Javier Garcia-Pardo (@J_GarciaPardo) and Prof.
Dr. Salvador Ventura, and showcases a human brain, assembled from cryo-EM map
sections of hnRNPDL-2 amyloid fibrils (PDB 7ZIR) (@PPMC_UAB). Image from Ella
Maru Studio (@Ella_Maru).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_11.txt,groundtruth,49_11.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_30,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_30.png,D,This Special Issue of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research focuses on the application of nanobiomaterials for biosensing and biodegradation to develop new approaches in water treatment systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_41.txt,vitg,2023_41.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: M. Shang et al., “Comparative Study of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites with Non-reactive and Reactive Elastomers: Morphology and Properties” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01870); M.-C. Li et al., “Water-Redispersible Cellulose Nanofiber and Polyanionic Cellulose Hybrids for High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluids” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02644); and J. Bi et al., “Modeling of Mixed Mechanism Adsorption Processes Driven by Surface Adsorption and Internal Ion Exchange” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02081).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_20.txt,vith,2020_20.txt,"This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.txt,clip,2024_13.txt,"This paper presents different machine learning algorithms used to predict the production and characteristics of aligned electrospun nanofibers fabricated by the air gap electrospinning method. Classification and regression models are developed using logistic regression, random forest, artificial neural networks, and convolutional neural networks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_30.txt,groundtruth,2024_30.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_2.png,B,"Cells soften into migration
Cells from embryonic tissues dynamically decrease their stiffness to initiate collective cell migration, a process that traditionally is associated with stiffer environments and cellular states.
See Marchant et al.
Image: Julien Marcetteau. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"Nuclear jamming during organ growth
Developing zebrafish retina and brain tissues undergo a nuclear jamming transition that induces crystalline-like cellular ordering, with the emergent tissue stiffness controlled by nuclear mechanics.
See Kim et al.
Image: Rana Amini and Otger Campàs, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_2.txt,groundtruth,23_2.txt,"Polythiophene (centre) is melted into a polyethylene film, increasing the spherulite size on recrystallisation.
Cover design by David Shand
Letter by Shalom Goffri  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/5_1.txt,clip,5_1.txt,"2D material-wrapped Janus particles
Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles.
See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang.
Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt,vith,17_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.png,D,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,vitg,2023_8.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"A true drug-polymer comprised of 100% drug units was found to show enhanced biocidal activity, and the polymerization helped to achieve better physical property, which is friendly for suture-coating applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_8.txt,clip,2022_8.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_8.png,B,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"Prosthetic embodiment refers to the incorporation of a prosthesis into one’s sensory and functional body schema, requiring the consideration of a user’s sense of agency and ownership. This may be achieved by engineering bionic limbs that leverage a closed-loop mechanoneural-machine interface to allow bidirectional information transfer between the peripheral nervous system and external assistive devices. See Tony Shu et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_8.txt,groundtruth,2_8.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of bioengineering, with a particular focus on translation, inclusivity and accessibility. See Editorial
Cover design: Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"This focus issue on the future of food highlights technological progress in engineered food, featuring genome-edited food, cultured (cell-based) meat, engineered microorganisms for food additive production, cellular agriculture for milk production, sustainable food packaging and robotics in food preparation, including a critical perspective of new food technologies in the context of costs, climate change, and the political and economic forces that shape agriculture and food production. See the future of food.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_2.txt,vitg,1_2.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_96,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_96.png,C,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,vith,7_68.txt,"ONLINE COVER From the Tip Leveraging the flexibility that is possible when using soft materials, Hawkes et al. used pneumatics to extend the tip of a robot over an extended distance. They inflated chambers on only one side of the robot to make it turn. An onboard camera connected to a feedback loop allowed the robot to track toward a distant light source. [CREDIT: LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/2_8.txt,vitg,2_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER Perception Through In-Hand Manipulation. Similar to how humans can perceive objects through sight and touch, Suresh et al. constructed a framework that uses data gathered from vision and touch to estimate an object’s pose and shape during manipulation. A dexterous multifingered hand equipped with vision-based touch sensors gathers tactile information while rotating an object. The tactile data, along with visual data from a stationary camera, are input into an online neural field that uses simultaneous localization and mapping to output the geometry of the object. The technique can reconstruct novel objects with high precision, even under heavy occlusion. This month’s cover is an image of a multifingered robot equipped with this framework to perceive the pose and shape of a wooden die. Credit: Sudharshan Suresh",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_96.txt,groundtruth,9_96.txt,"ONLINE COVER Piano Forte. Human hands are complex and agile, but most robotic end effectors are simple and bulky. Hughes et al. used 3D-printing technology to create robotic devices that mimic human hands, with stiff skeletal frames surrounded by flexible ""ligaments"" controlling movement at joints. They varied ligament stiffness and the force applied to strike a piano key; the resulting data led to models predicting the range of motion for a specific set of conditions. The validity of the approach and the design was demonstrated with a system able to play excerpts of three different pieces of music, representing a range of styles, in a manner close to that of a human. [CREDIT: J. HUGHES & N. CHORNAY/UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_25.txt,clip,3_25.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_4.png,C,"Memristors move analogue computing closer to the edge
Large memristor arrays have been shown to be capable of analogue vector-matrix multiplication, illustrating their potential for use in Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing applications. The cover shows a photograph of an integrated chip containing memristor crossbar arrays of various sizes.
See Li et al. and News & Views by Wu et al.
Image: Can Li, University of Massachusetts Amherst. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_12.txt,ave_0,1_12.txt,"Vector–matrix multiplication with monolayer memories
1,024 floating-gate field-effect transistors that have channels made from monolayer molybdenum disulfide can be used to perform vector–matrix multiplication and discrete signal processing. The computer-generated image on the cover shows a section of a wafer used to prepare the processors, where the monolayer memories are arranged in 32 by 32 matrices.
See Migliato Marega et al.
Image: Andras Kis and Guilherme Migliato Marega, EPFL. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"An optical neural interface in miniature
A miniaturized implantable optical device, which is thin enough to lie within the subdural space of a primate brain, can be created using an integrated circuit that provides both fluorescence imaging and optogenetic stimulation. The optical microscopy image on the cover shows a section of the integrated circuit, which is fabricated using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and highlights the photodiode pixels used for imaging in the neural interface.
See Pollmann et al.
Image: Eric Pollmann, Columbia University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vitg,5_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_4.png,B,"‘Mosquito’, inspired by the Review on p218
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_9.txt,vith,19_9.txt,"Generating mosquito immunity, inspired by the Review on p621.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_4.txt,groundtruth,24_4.txt,"Neutrophil NETs, inspired by the Review on p274.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_8.txt,vitg,23_8.txt,"The cover of this issue celebrates the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Immunology. See Editorial
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_7.png,A,"Dioecious plant species exhibit sexual dimorphism in various aspects,
including morphology, physiology, life history, and behavior, potentially influencing
sex-specific interactions, but the mechanisms underlying belowground facilitation
in intersexual combinations remain less understood. Chunyang Li and colleagues
explore these mechanisms, which encompass resource complementarity, mycorrhizal
fungal networks, root exudate-mediated belowground chemical communication, as
well as plant–soil feedback. The authors propose that the achieved comprehensive
understanding of the potential positive consequences of sex-specific interactions
can
contribute to maintaining ecological equilibrium, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing
the productivity of agroforestry. The image shows symbols for complementary and
interdependent forces (Yin and Yang concept), such as male and female poplar trees
(dioecious plants), and man and women playing different yet complementary roles in
life.
Image credit: Zhichao Xia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_7.txt,groundtruth,29_7.txt,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,ave_0,24_10.txt,"Despite the importance of roots, they have been ignored by modern crop research and
breeding. On pages 957–960 Lee T. Hickey and colleagues discuss important progress
in crop root research and highlight how the context-dependent optimisation of underground
and above-ground plant components provides opportunities to improve future crops in
the face of increasing environmental fluctuations. Image credit: Hannah Robinson,
Kai Voss-Fels and Benjamin Wittkop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/23_2.txt,vith,23_2.txt,"This special issue is focused on the hot topic of belowground interactions in plants.
The rhizosphere, a narrow region of soil surrounding the plant roots, plays a crucial
role in plant–plant interactions, as well as plant interactions with soil biota and
the soil environment. This issue brings together reviews on the mechanisms of these
interactions which are vital for plant health, as well as insights on new technologies
for engineering the rhizosphere. Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/21_10.txt,clip,21_10.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_8.png,B,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_2,2016_6.txt,"Rich surface oxygen vacancies play the role of active sites for adsorption of NO2 molecules, and the Schottky junctions effectively adjust the charge transfer behavior through the conduction tunnel in the sensing material. Furthermore, In2O3 nanoparticles almost fully cover the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_1,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/3_1.png,D,"Translational science in mental health research
In our September issue, we publish new work and commentary that feature translational science. As a nod to the translational role that bridges work from animal models to clinical research, the cover displays the profiles of a mouse and a human head in a contiguous line drawing. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of clinical and animal work in mental health research, in which so much is dependent on what can be observed and demonstrated preclinically before it can be translated in humans.
Read more about the enduring importance of translational work in mental health research in our Editorial.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,vith,2_5.txt,"Machine learning in mental health research
The capabilities of machine learning, and artificial intelligence more broadly, have captured our collective imagination. A discipline that once seemed more like science fiction, machine learning is now being harnessed and applied to many fields, including psychiatry and mental health research. Machine learning holds the ability to combine massive datasets — brain scan images, electronic health records and real-time affective measurements — to identify relationships and patterns among variables that may be used to stratify risk, diagnose disorders or predict treatment response. The January cover is intended to evoke the notion that applying machine learning techniques in mental health research is both an art and a science. Just as machine learning models must be refined by human-defined parameters, researchers are also learning how best to apply these techniques in a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Lucasius et al.on using machine learning in psychiatry.
Image: Marina Spence and Jackie Niam / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,val
Structure,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_5.png,A,"On the cover: The image shows viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 variants with a close-up
of the spike protein (S) bound to its receptor, human ACE2. Li et al. used cryo-EM to determine the apo S structures and their human ACE2-bound structures
of the newly emerged variants BA.2.86, JN.1, EG.5, EG.5.1, and HV.1. The electrostatic
charge changes and an additional N-glycosylation in BA.2.86 influence its binding
to mAbs. The JN.1 RBD L455S mutation maintains optimal receptor binding and enhances
immune evasion. Image credit: Linjie Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover figure depicts the complex structure of the bacteriophage
HRP29 virion. A novel tail adapter protein is utilized to create a hybrid tail that
has unique receptor binding properties. Subramanian et al. utilized cryo-electron microscopy to deduce how all of the structural proteins come
together to form this phage. They used a variety of biological assays such as temperature
sensitivity assays and CRISPR-Cas knockdowns to determine essential protein building
blocks that help stabilize this phage and are critical for infection. Image credit:
Júlio Arvellos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_12.txt,vitg,32_12.txt,"On the cover: Since its discovery as a second ligand for the colony stimulating factor-1
(CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R), interleukin-34 (IL-34) has emerged as a partial functional
homolog of CSF-1, which is surprising given that IL-34, a secreted factor, and membrane-tethered
CSF-1 share meager sequence identity and appear unrelated. To resolve this mystery,
Ma et al. (pp. 676–687) characterize structures of human IL-34 alone, in complex with
the N-terminal three Ig domains of CSF-1R, and in complex with an anti-IL-34 Fab fragment.
The cover illustrates cartoon models of CSF-1R (with extracellular Ig repeats rendered
as ovals and colored as dark brown, brown, white, and teal for D1, D2, D3, and D4-D5
modules, respectively; intracellular tyrosine kinase is drawn as rods and colored
in light teal) comparatively bound to IL-34 (purple) and CSF-1 (green) homodimers.
The interdomain flexibility between D2 and D3 is a key feature that allows CSF-1R
to engage these two distantly related helical cytokines. Cover design by Allison Bruce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/20_9.txt,clip,20_9.txt,"On the cover: SARS-CoV-2 virion attaches to the host cell receptor using one of its
S trimer complexes. In their work, Pezeshkian et al. (492–503) modeled the structure
of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope with near atomistic detail using an integrative multi-scale
computational approach, focusing on studying the dynamic nature and molecular interactions
of the virus's abundant but largely understudied M protein. The molecular dynamic
simulations revealed a previously unknown property of M dimers: they agglomerated
into large, filament-like, macromolecular assemblies with distinct molecular patterns.
The developed computational approach can also be applied to study the envelopes of
other coronaviruses. Image created by Valeria Arkhipova and Alexey Solodovnikov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_9.txt,vith,31_9.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_15.png,B,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,vitg,2023_18.txt,"Carbon monoxide is a serious life threat by binding to hemoglobin and making people suffer from hypoxia. Jiang et.al. construct the classical force field parameters for simulating the coordination interactions among hemoglobin, CO, and O2 as well as reveal the binding strength between hemoglobin and CO in different O2 environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"The cover art features a snapshot of trifold hydrogen-bonded supramolecular fibers modeled by a coarse-grained force-field. Although they are stable experimentally, during simulation, they rearrange into unordered aggregates. In their article, Piskorz et al. investigate how the choice of the force-field affects the stability and self-assembly process of these fibers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_12.txt,ave_2,2022_12.txt,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,clip,2023_22.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_1.png,A,"2024 in Review
This month we present a dedicated issue, Focus on 2024 in Review, that includes news, analysis and comment pieces on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the primary research articles published in Nature Cancer and elsewhere over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content.
Image: Ernie Janes / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"2023 in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus issue, ‘2023 in Review’, that includes news, analyses and comments on the advances and challenges of the past year, together with highlights from the primary research articles published in Nature Cancer and elsewhere over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content.
Image: ICP-Tech / Incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,"2022 in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus issue, ‘2022 in Review’, that includes news, analysis and comment on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the most popular primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content
Image: Milos Luzanin / Alamy. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_7.png,D,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,ave_1,2023_5.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,This special issue showcases the latest research in the application of computational modeling in environmental research. The front cover shows that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of aperiodic small molecule systems is a cost-effective and promising approach for investigating the reaction mechanisms of advanced oxidation processes at the subatomic level,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_12.txt,vitg,2024_12.txt,"A novel phosphorus-coordinated Pd@MXene catalyst achieved 80% Pd reduction, 3.9-fold higher efficiency, and comparable performance to Pd@MX/CC in diclofenac removal. It maintained efficiency with wide pH ranges and 10 cycles, showing promise for water purification.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_8.png,D,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: The transdifferentiation paths of erythroid precursor cells (EPCs) under
the influence of tumor is delineated from Palantir algorithm‐based single-cell transcriptomic
trajectory analysis (Long et al., 674–693), and embedded into artwork inspired by
Wassily Kandinsky's “Composition 8.” As acquired “organs,” tumors exert a self-beneficial
influence on the immune system by hijacking of erythropoiesis for myelopoiesis. Besides
exacerbating anemia, CD45+ EPCs transdifferentiation generates myeloid cells that
robustly curtail anti‐tumor immunity. Clinically, the abundance of these converted
cells predicts immune tolerance in many human tumor types and resistance to immune
checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Design and painting by Yijie Hou. Conceptual visualization
by Qi-Jing Li and Bo Zhu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_7.txt,vith,40_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,"On the cover: Dyikanov et al. develop a machine learning platform that classifies a patient’s immune system into
five immunotypes using a blood test. On the cover, the railway map represents these
immunotypes as train stations with distinct characteristics. G1-naive and G2-primed,
characteristic of immune systems with the greatest potential to respond to immunogenic
stimuli, are represented by a fertile, green landscape. G3-progressive is a transitional
immunotype represented by a central hub. The G4-chronic station is a heavily developed
urban landscape, symbolizing an immune system shaped by persistent activation and
chronic antigen exposure. G5-suppressive is a desert that represents a depleted immune
system. The trains ferry passengers among different stations along the railway lines,
symbolizing the dynamic nature of one’s immunotype depending on their health or disease
status. (Image credit: Alfiia Mustafina).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_412,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_412.png,D,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how activation of cannabinoid 1 receptors prevents insulin receptors from promoting β-cell survival in the pancreas. The image shows a medical illustration of the human body with the pancreas highlighted. [Image: Fotosearch],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_216.txt,clip,5_216.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes an open-source, genome-scale, human metabolic model called Human1 and a web portal called Metabolic Atlas to explore the model. The image shows a screenshot from the ""Nucleus"" compartment. [Image: Metabolic Atlas]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/13_624.txt,vith,13_624.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes simple engineered protein scaffolds for creating adjustable MAPK circuits in cells. The image shows an artist's rendition of various forms of the scaffold interacting with the three kinases of the MAPK pathway. [Image: C. Bickel/Science Signaling],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_383.txt,vitg,8_383.txt,"COVER This week features a  Review on the mechanisms by which the PAR1 and SIP1 receptors regulate endothelial adherens junction integrity. The image depicts an adherens junction. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_412.txt,groundtruth,2007_412.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_8.png,C,"A mark for degradation
Seabrook et al. developed MrTAC, a targeted protein degradation modality using arginine methylation to shuttle intracellular proteins to lysosomes for rapid degradation. The cover shows a confocal microscopy image of methylated proteins (gold) in HeLa cells organizing into cytosolic puncta with a nuclear costain (DAPI, blue).
See Seabrook et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Laurence Seabrook, University of California, Irvine. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,"A checkpoint for insulin secretion
A chemical screen reveals that inhibitors of CHEK2, a checkpoint kinase, can enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human primary islets and animal models. The cover shows a confocal microscopy image of a human islet immunostained with antibodies against insulin (green), Ki67 (red) and DAPI (blue).
See Chong et al.
Image: Angie Chi Nok Chong, Weill Cornell Medicine. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"The cover depicts numerous extracellular membrane vesicles associated with a long cellular process on a neural stem cell, imaged by a scanning electron microscope. Isolated extracellular vesicles were found to be metabolically active, and metabolomics analysis revealed the presence of asparaginase activity attributed to the enzyme asparaginase-like 1. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image generated by Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo and Clara Alfaro-Cervello. Article, p951; News &#38; Views, p924",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_4.txt,clip,13_4.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_7.png,B,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vith,46_1.txt,"Observational studies have shown that higher physical activity levels
are associated with preserved cognition as well as improved brain structural and
functional outcomes in aging individuals. Whether physical exercise in older adulthood
can causally confer benefits to cognition and promote brain health remains an
important topic of research. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nárlon Boa
Sorte Silva, Cindy Barha, Kirk Erickson, Arthur Kramer, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
review the current evidence regarding the impact of physical exercise on cognition
and brain health outcomes in aging individuals with and without cognitive impairment.
The authors discuss underexplored neurobiological mechanisms, current knowledge
gaps, and future directions for the field. The cover image illustrates common types
of
exercise – resistance and aerobic training – known to drive neuroplastic adaptations
in the brain of aging individuals. Photo credits: J Studios/Getty Images, Pramote
Polyamate/Getty Images, and A-Digit/Getty Images. Cover design by Nárlon Boa
Sorte Silva and Teresa Liu-Ambrose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_7.txt,groundtruth,47_7.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,"Some individuals retain cognitive function despite high levels of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Understanding the biology behind this form of
‘AD resilience’ may lead to opportunities for therapeutic development. In this issue
of Trends in Neurosciences, Sarah Neuner, Maria Telpoukhovskaia, Vilas Menon,
Kristen O’Connell, Timothy Hohman, and Catherine Kaczorowski discuss factors
associated with cognitive resilience to AD pathology in the human population and the
utility of genetically and phenotypically diverse mouse models to discover new and
translationally-relevant resilience mechanisms. The cover illustrates the idea of
how
in cognitively resilient individuals, neuronal activity – in bright color – persists
despite
pathology that may shut down – gray out – this activity in AD. Cover art by Karen
Davis
(The Jackson Laboratory) and Getty Images/ChrisGorgio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_8.txt,clip,45_8.txt,test
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_9.png,C,"HIV and the brain, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p424.
Cover design: P.Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,clip,20_2.txt,"Diversity, equity and inclusion in reaching global brain health, inspired by the Editorial on p199.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Environmental risk factors for Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_2.txt,vith,18_2.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2025_1.png,A,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"The first Pd-catalyzed stereospecific C-glycosylation of reversed anomeric stannanes yields non-classical aryl and vinyl C-glycosides in good to excellent yields with exclusive stereocontrol, distinguishing this method as the current state-of-the-art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.txt,ave_2,2024_2.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_8.png,C,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"SARS-CoV-2 main protease has a dual role in pathogen survival in a host by cleaving viral polyproteins, the process crucial for replication of viruses, and by cleaving host protein, galectin 8, leading to decreased cytokine production and a suppressed host defense mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_9.txt,vitg,2023_9.txt,Capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria complexed with a human functional monoclonal antibody to gain information on the minimal structural epitope at the atomic level.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_392,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_392.png,C,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article (see also the associated Focus) that describes how the RNA binding protein Arid5a is necessary for cellular responses to IL-17 cytokine stimulation. The image shows an illustration of single-strand RNA. [Image: nobeastsofierce/shutterstock.com],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_551.txt,clip,11_551.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how the worm Caenorhabditis elegans can sense and move toward low concentrations of a molecule but sense and move away from high concentrations of the same molecule. The image shows an artist's rendition of the tracks that the nematodes make as they migrate. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_323.txt,vitg,7_323.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on pathways through which GPCRs signal to nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. The image depicts a seven-transmembrane receptor. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_392.txt,groundtruth,2007_392.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Funk et al. report that the undruggable drivers of head and neck tumors might be indirectly targeted by pharmacologically inhibiting the kinase LZK or inducing the targeted degradation of LZK with a newly developed PROTAC. The image shows an illustration of the structure of a PROTAC, which brings the protein of interest in close proximity to an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Credit: Thom Leach/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/18_873.txt,vith,18_873.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_7.png,A,"Data science and catalysis
In their work, Manu Suvarna and Javier Pérez-Ramírez review the use of data-driven strategies in the three main areas of catalysis, that is, heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis, and provide a thorough statistical analysis of the current available methods and discuss how these are being employed.
See Suvarna et al.
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"Redesigned biocatalyst
Simultaneously expanding the scope of electrophiles and nucleophiles for hydroamination reactions catalysed by ammonia lyases is a formidable challenge that requires a thorough reconstruction of the protein’s active site. Here, Cui et al. use a mechanism-based computational strategy to redesign the enzyme, generating a versatile hydroamination biocatalyst for C–N bond formation and demonstrating its synthetic value in the preparation of a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic and charged non-natural amino acids.
See Cui et al.
Image: Bian Wu. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,vitg,7_6.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_1.png,C,"We report a novel, red-detuned, swing-up excitation of a quantum emitter (represented as the Bloch sphere) to produce high-purity single photons without the need for polarization filtering. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2022_9.txt,vitg,2022_9.txt,"The cover image was made by using Adobe Photoshop, and parts of the image such as the human body, viruses, and drug capsules were edited from Microsoft Bing Image Creator (with AI prompt), Midjourney Inc, and Shutter Stock, respectively.]",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"A kind of chainmail catalyst has been synthesized by the confined flash Joule heating technique, where the isolated platinum atoms are anchored in tungsten carbide nanocrystals and well-encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and durability toward the acid hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"We construct a diexcitonic strong coupling nanosystem by integrating a TMDC monolayer with a dye-molecule-coated Au nanocube, report its plexcitonic strong coupling behavior in ambient condition, and predict the plasmon-assisted coherent energy transfer between far-detuned excitons, suggesting a new paradigm for the design of future room-temperature quantum devices and network. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2021_4.txt,vith,2021_4.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_11.png,C,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Migration matters
Predators, such a brown bears, often rely on intercepting prey species, like Pacific salmon, during their annual migrations. This coupling of movements between migratory prey and resident predators may vary widely among taxa and ecosystems, with ecological consequences across whole communities.
See Furey et al
Image: Jonathan Armstrong, Oregon State University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_1.txt,vitg,2_1.txt,"Tasmanian predator interactions
The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus, pictured) is a mesopredator that is subordinate to Tasmanian devils ((Sarcophilus harrisii). New genomic data show that quoll genetic structure has increased as devil populations have declined from a fatal, transmissible cancer. Top predators are declining globally, and this study shows that such declines can cause evolutionary responses in other predators, as well as ecological changes in food webs due to reduced competition.
See Beer et al
Image: Sebastian Comte. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"All change
The isolated island continent of Australia has an exceptionally diverse lizard and snake fauna. However, this fauna is relatively young, and characterized by mass turnover and immigration following major climatic perturbations in the mid-Cenozoic.
See Oliver et al. 1, 1896-1902 (2017)
Image: Damien Esquerré. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,test
Nature Mental Health,2_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_12.png,D,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,vith,2_11.txt,"Light exposure and mental health
The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention.
See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Translational science in mental health research
In our September issue, we publish new work and commentary that feature translational science. As a nod to the translational role that bridges work from animal models to clinical research, the cover displays the profiles of a mouse and a human head in a contiguous line drawing. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of clinical and animal work in mental health research, in which so much is dependent on what can be observed and demonstrated preclinically before it can be translated in humans.
Read more about the enduring importance of translational work in mental health research in our Editorial.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Neuromodulating psychological traits
In this issue, Williams et al. present the results from the Stanford Hypnosis Integrated with Functional Connectivity-targeted Transcranial Stimulation (SHIFT) trial investigating imaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) to increase the ability to be hypnotized. Hypnosis has been posited as a non-pharmacological intervention for functional pain disorders. The trial demonstrated that in a sample of participants with fibromyalgia syndrome, inhibition of the L-DLPFC was associated with greater ability to be hypnotized, indicative of a promising target for noninvasive neuromodulation. The cover depicts a representation of neuromodulation of the L-DLPFC during the SHIFT paradigm.
See Williams et al.
Image: Ori Dvir. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_12.txt,groundtruth,2_12.txt,test
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_1.png,A,"Rules of fair allocation could be used to fairly divide the costs of
biodiversity impact abatement, to achieve global biodiversity goals and remain within
a safe and just development space. On pages 1102–1110, Hollie Booth and colleagues
discuss how rules of fair allocation could be applied to biodiversity decision-making,
to operationalize equity and create space for cooperatively and constructively
negotiating avoidance liabilities within biodiversity impact mitigation. The cover
image
shows small-scale fishing vessels in Aceh Jaya, Indonesia. After establishment of
a
no-take zone (NTZ), rules such as “weighted equal division” or “divide and choose”
could be used to fairly distribute the opportunity costs associated with restricting
fi shing activity in the NTZ. Photo credit: Francesca Page.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_1.txt,groundtruth,39_1.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,clip,30_2.txt,"Freshwater salinisation is increasing due to human activities. This poses a major
threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem services provided by freshwater systems.
On pages 440–453, David Cunillera-Montcusí and colleagues discuss research to better
understand the ecological and evolutionary impacts of freshwater salinisation. The
cover image shows a coastal lagoon in l’Estartit, Catalonia (Spain), where salt has
precipitated due to evaporation. Although naturally saline, drought and seawater intrusion
have increased the lagoon’s salinity. Many freshwater habitats will experience similar
impacts leading to a saltier world. Photo credit: David Cunillera-Montcusí.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/37_9.txt,vitg,37_9.txt,"Many types of ecological impacts from human activities slip “under the radar” of conventional
impact assessments. On pp. 635 – 644 of this issue, Keren Raiter and colleagues discuss
what they term “enigmatic” impacts including how they can be conceptualized and addressed.
The cover shows an example of one such impact. Low frequency underwater noise is known
to influence balance organs in cephalopods, such as this cuttlefish. Little is known
about the consequences for cephalopods and the ecosystems of which they are a part.
Picture credit: Gbaddorf, via Wikimedia commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_2.txt,vith,29_2.txt,val
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_9.png,B,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Manufacturing fine three-dimensional structures from mesoscale down
to nanoscale is of considerable importance in multiple application backgrounds. Jiang et al. find that the top plateau of a freezing “triangle” nanofluid drop can transit from
an initial triangle, through a hexagon and a counter triangle, to a final hexagon
with increasing drop height. By choosing proper 2D patterns, their study allows versatile
out-of-plane shape control. The cover graphic was designed by Peng Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,val
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.png,A,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,test
Cell Reports Methods,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_7.png,C,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kowalczewski et al. present a single-organoid analytics workflow that integrates micropatterning-based
organoid engineering and machine learning techniques to evaluate the impact of micropatterned
geometric designs on cardiac organoid properties. Cover image of a human cardiac organoid
is courtesy of Zhen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liang et al. present a static suspension culture-based
method for differentiation of human PSC-derived pancreatic islets. The cover image
shows the resulting islets composed of multiple cell types. Image credit: Jia Zhao
and Shenghui Liang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.png,B,"This research shows the high efficacy of wet ball milling for modifying rice starch structure and pasting behavior, which is insightful for designing cost-effective mechanical processes for rice starch-based foods.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_8.txt,vith,2021_8.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dynamic interplay of milk and espresso in the creation of espresso drinks, highlighting the crucial role of this interaction in defining the taste and texture of the beverage. It underlines how advanced two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments can elucidate the complex interactions and dynamics of organic molecules and milk proteins and offer insights into the molecular dance that supports the unique flavor of these popular drinks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Optimizing brewing conditions to enhance probiotic viability in beer: Twenty-one lactic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic properties were tested for resilience against ethanol and hops, with certain strains thriving in Gueuze-style sour beer. Findings indicate that alternative methods are required to support probiotic viability in hopped beers. This cover image was created using Canva AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_1.png,A,"Since Warburg's time, it has been recognized that iron is essential for
metabolism. But how do cells utilize this versatile biometal? In this issue, Teh et al.
offer an exploration of iron's diverse roles, spanning cellular biochemistry to clinical
pathology. The cover illustrates the authors' goal to provide contemporary insights—
symbolized by a laptop on a lectern showcasing iron trafficking—into enduring
questions, represented by a gothic library adorned with iron-themed stained glass
and
ancient books. Cover credit: Sonhita Chakraborty (www.artbysonhita.com/)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_2,27_5.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,vith,27_4.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_4.png,D,"The cover shows a highly efficient process termed electrochemical dry reforming of methane (EDRM), using novel solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) reactors. It produces electrical power and syngas with little or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, it is a viable pathway to simultaneously address the issues associated with clean energy sources and environmental pollution. This approach successfully achieves three milestones: (1) GHG utilization, (2) generation of electricity, and (3) production of value-added products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_5.txt,ave_1,2017_5.txt,"The cover depicts magnetic couplings between redox-active transition metal centers in typical intercalation-type battery electrodes, which lead to characteristic electron spin and magnetic properties. Such properties can be probed as the battery operates using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetometry and provide insight into the crystal and electronic structure, composition, defect chemistry, and working principles of rechargeable batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_1.txt,vith,2020_1.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"CO2 electrolysis offers a sustainable path to generate chemicals and fuels from contaminant greenhouse gas and clean energy, and thus, to displace fossil fuels and to reduce the global carbon footprint. Several initiatives are scaling up CO2 electroreduction technology into large implementations targeting different end-products, from chemical precursors for manufacturing to jet fuels.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_4.png,C,This study describes an HPC-NGS platform for high-throughput screening of allergenic ingredients in food systems. This approach also can be used to fully trace allergens for rapid monitoring of unintended allergenic contaminants using a streamlined process amenable to high-throughput operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,Schiff-base-mediated egg white peptide supramolecular self-assembly could serve as robust curcumin carriers for significantly enhancing its transport in intestinal epithelial cells via endocytosis while inhibiting P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_5.txt,vith,2025_5.txt,"This study investigates a novel antimicrobial peptide AtR905 derived from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus, which was successfully expressed in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"With various foods in the background, this cover art presents an overview of foodborne virus detection methods, including traditional methods, immunoassay, molecular technology, biosensors, and newly emerging CRISPR/Cas-based detection technology. It is hoped that this review will update current knowledge and accelerate futuristic development of foodborne virus detection techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2023_44.txt,clip,2023_44.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.png,C,"Flu vaccines, inspired by the Review on p736.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.txt,vitg,24_3.txt,"The cover of this issue celebrates the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Immunology. See Editorial
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"""Past memories"" by Simon Bradbrook, inspired by the Focus articles on immune memory.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/16_11.txt,vith,16_11.txt,train
Joule,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_5.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates Wallington et al.’s comprehensive analysis of green hydrogen’s potential to decarbonize all transportation
modes. Electricity is generated by harnessing renewable energy sources such as solar
and wind to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. This hydrogen, along with direct
renewable electricity, powers a variety of vehicles. The image captures the entire
spectrum of transportation modes: road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and ships, all
contributing to a more sustainable future. Image credit: Stephen Alvey and Joaquim
R.R.A. Martins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"On the Cover: An artistic depiction of an array of solar-powered lithium extraction
devices floating upon the sea. Described in a Future Energy article in this issue
of Joule, Zhou, He, et al. (pp. 1648–1651) conceive and demonstrate an electrolysis
method that extracts lithium metal directly from seawater and is faster and more controllable
than adsorption and dialysis-based methods. Cover art by Sixie Yang and Ping He.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_4.txt,ave_1,2_4.txt,"On the Cover: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) features energy infrastructure construction
aimed to catalyze economic development, with fossil fuel currently predominating ongoing
projects. The cover art, using the Chinese papercutting folk art form, depicts cooperative
development around integration of solar photovoltaics as a renewable power source
throughout the BRI region. In this issue of Joule, Chen et al. (1895–1912) developed an integrated model to explore the potential of
solar power as a climate-friendly alternative to decouple future regional economic
growth from increasing carbon emissions. The potential distribution of solar power
over the BRI region with systematic consideration of the impacting factors was evaluated
on an hourly basis using high-resolution data. The result demonstrates the advantage
of regional solar cooperation and the importance of investments in electric power
grid interconnections. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_5.txt,ave_2,3_5.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,val
Cell Metabolism,37_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/37_1.png,B,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. develop a high-performance biosensor for arginine, named STAR, which lights up arginine's
functional diversity in physiology and pathology. The cover image is an original artwork
depicting a night sky, resembling the unexplored mystery of arginine metabolism. The
bright stars, arranged in the pattern of the arginine molecular formula, light up
the night sky, which stands for the excellent ability of the STAR sensor in illuminating
arginine metabolism. Artwork by Qing Zhang and Yaqiong Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/37_1.txt,groundtruth,37_1.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,ave_1,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Stress has a profound impact on gut disorders. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Wei et al. reveal that psychological stress enriches gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate,
which disrupts intestinal stem cell differentiation and triggers epithelial injury.
The depiction of rolling clouds and stirring stars, inspired by Van Gogh’s masterpiece
The Starry Night, represents restless emotions in a person with depression. The broken ground and
castle along the winding river illustrate injured intestinal epithelia. The involvement
of microbes and the metabolite is represented as ants on the broken door. Cover art
by Xiao Zheng and Haiping Hao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_10.txt,vitg,36_10.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_4.png,A,Resonance Raman signals from the amide and disulfide linkages provide invaluable insights into the secondary structural changes during the phase separation of soluble bovine insulin monomers to insoluble amyloid fibers. Illustration by Uttam Pal.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover features the kinetics of tetracyanoethylene on a copper surface at two different temperatures. For increasing dosages, the system undergoes a thermodynamically driven phase transition from lying to standing. As this transition notably changes the physical properties of the interface, we study how to kinetically inhibit this change. Based on first principles, we predict that molecules can be trapped in a lying orientation in the temperature range of 110",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,"This front cover depicts the artwork created by Tianruo Shen, the first chemist from a family of medical professionals. This cover and accompanying Editorial are part of the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,ave_1,2021_1.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.png,D,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,ave_3,2024_5.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,test
Macromolecules,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2025_3.png,A,Schematic illustration of the mechanical characterization of nanocomposite materials by atomic force microscopy and the modulus–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.png,A,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"COVER: CRISPR in cancer, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_8.txt,ave_2,22_8.txt,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.txt,clip,25_1.txt,"Persistence through adversity, inspired by the Roadmap on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.txt,vith,24_3.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,14_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_12.png,C,"Considering the poor and vulnerable
Climate impact models have a limited ability to represent risks to the poor and vulnerable. Wider adoption of best practices and new model features that incorporate social heterogeneity and different policy mechanisms are needed to address this shortcoming.
See Nature Climate Change  7 , 857–862 (2017).
Image: Zacharie Rabehi/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_1.txt,vitg,7_1.txt,"Cloud feedbacks
Whether clouds will warm or cool the planet under climate change is uncertain. Writing in this issue, two separate studies investigate the climate impacts of clouds. Mülmenstädt et al. show that overestimates of precipitation from warm clouds lead to substantial biases in climate models. Myers et al. find that feedbacks from tropical and subtropical marine clouds are smaller than previously reported.
See Myers et al., Mülmenstädt et al. News & Views by Stephens.
[Updated to correct the spelling of author name Myers.]
Image: GUADALUPE ISLAND, VON KARMAN VORTEX/The Image Bank/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_7.txt,clip,11_7.txt,"Increasing predictability of tropical circulation
The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a mode of weekly-to-subseasonal atmospheric variability, mainly observed over the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean. The MJO strongly influences rainfall in these areas, but can also influence weather conditions in other regions of the world. Writing in this issue, Du et al. show that the MJO has become more predictable in recent decades, mainly driven by anthropogenic warming.
See Du et al. and News & Views by Jenney
Image: Nigel Prosser / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_12.txt,groundtruth,14_12.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,ave_2,11_9.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_6.png,A,"Sequential immunotherapy, inspired by the Review on p501.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_6.txt,groundtruth,23_6.txt,"Artificial intelligence in drug design, inspired by the Perspective on p353.
Cover design: Susanne Harris. Original structure image from Kheng Ho Toh/Alamy Stock Photo.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_8.txt,clip,19_8.txt,"Deuterium in drug discovery, inspired by the Review onp562.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_6.txt,vith,22_6.txt,"Evolution of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_7.txt,vitg,22_7.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.png,B,"The cover of this issue is inspired by the applications of physics techniques to study art and other cultural heritage. See Leona et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_3.txt,vith,3_3.txt,"The cover of this issue refers to the new collection `Physics as a Human Endeavour’. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by Feynman diagrams contributing to the production of the Higgs boson. See Bass et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_4.txt,vitg,3_4.txt,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,clip,6_4.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_2.png,B,"A comprehensive proteomics screen reveals that the m6A RNA modification attracts and repels factors that control mammalian mRNA homeostasis. Cover by Erin Dewalt, image from Yon Marsh / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 870)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_3.txt,ave_1,24_3.txt,"Long noncoding RNAs use structural mimicry
Two studies by Skeparnias et al. and Skeparnias and Zhang uncover a Père David’s deer-like design for the long noncoding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, respectively, which partially mimic tRNA structure to recruit specific tRNA-processing enzymes during their maturation.
See Skeparnias et al. and Skeparnias and Zhang
Image credit: Jeremy Inglis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,test
Nature Sustainability,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_5.png,D,"Reflective tools for sustainable dietary choices
Nudges can be useful tools to promote sustainable choices, but evidence about their effectiveness is mixed. Banerjee et al. show that reflective strategies enhance the ability of nudges to promote more sustainable diets.
See Banerjee et al.
Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/6_1.txt,ave_2,6_1.txt,"Sustainable microfabrication
Microfabrication has a crucial role in device fabrication but has an unfavourable environmental footprint. Yang and colleagues present a bioinspired permeable junction approach for sustainable microfabrication, using no hazardous chemicals and substantially reduced energy consumption.
See Yang et al.
Image: Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_4.txt,clip,7_4.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,vitg,7_9.txt,"Sustainable sea urchin aquaculture
The process of obtaining sea urchin gonads, a high-demand culinary delicacy, involves the killing of the organism. Rakaj and colleagues present a sustainable no-kill sea urchin aquaculture method to produce an alternative market product of ‘caviar’ made of eggs produced by female batches.
See Rakaj et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_2.png,D,"Graphics collage collected from the articles published in the Forum on AIE Materials: (top to bottom) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (15), pp 12217",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_36.txt,vitg,2018_36.txt,"The cover artistically and conceptually represents a novel  3D biomimetic surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate with a high density of hotspots, dependable performance, and good reproducibility, formed on the  chitin nanopillar arrays of cicada wings by simple physical vapor deposition  technique. This approach offers high-density Ag nanoislands and Ag nanoflowers  with four types of nanogaps on the chitin nanopillars. The 3D biomimetic  substrate shows a high average enhancement factor and excellent signal uniformity, and it enables the label-free detection and differentiation of  animal viruses including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), and avian influenza virus (AVI) subtype H5N1, which makes it a  promising candidate for creating rapid pathogen monitoring platforms. For more  information, please see ACS Appl. Mater.  Interfaces 2014, 6 (9), 6281–6289.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2014_15.txt,ave_1,2014_15.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,clip,2015_41.txt,"This cover art depicts a conceptual visualization of an advanced imaging system, featuring an array of microbolometers interfaced with a nanostructured graphene material. The graphic represents high-speed data processing and the dynamic interaction between the microbolometer array and terahertz radiation at the nanoscale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2025_2.png,C,"Nitrate salts are found in both the hyper-arid Atacama Desert in Chile and the Martian regolith. Fernanders et al. measure nitrate salt deliquescence and apply the data to sites in the Atacama, one pictured here, as well as to Gale Crater, Mars. Photo by Diana Boy. Mars image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,"The stark and wild Tablelands of Newfoundland, Canada. The environmental conditions present at the Tablelands have produced minerals and materials similar to those found on Mars. The barren yet beautiful landscape is likewise potentially reflective of early Martian conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_11.png,B,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,ave_3,2023_7.txt,This cover image shows that a phosphino-phenolate nickel catalyst affords ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) from ethylene polymerization. The cobbles on the beach implies the capability of this precipitation polymerization strategy to afford polymer products with good morphology control.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.png,C,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,groundtruth,1_9.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.png,B,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,groundtruth,1_9.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,ave_1,1_5.txt,val
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.png,A,This cover art illustrates how an optimization of stereochemistry (represented by the chiral molecules in the flasks) and electrostatics (represented by a Tesla coil in the glass container) in a glycomimetic ligand resulted in the formation of an enthalpically driven cooperative hydrogen-bond network with its target DC-SIGN. A generative AI tool (Adobe Firefly) was used to create a part of the artwork. The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dilara Tastan and Serdal Tastan in the creation of the cover art.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,clip,2018_2.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,vith,2024_22.txt,"A single-dose oral administration of a natural-product-derived candidate 5 (3 mg/kg) can inhibit >80% of DPP-4 activity for over 7 days in vivo and present long-term antidiabetic efficacies. (Li, S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01491)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_20.txt,vitg,2019_20.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_3.png,C,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"In the 50th year of publishing Accounts at the forefront of chemistry and related disciplines, we look toward the future of molecular sciences with this special issue on “Holy Grails in Chemistry”.  The grand challenges in chemistry include solar energy conversion, catalysis, the chemistry of materials and biopolymers, and insight into the makings of the universe and the origins of life.  We thank Steven Benner (FfAME) and Younan Xia (Georgia Institute of Technology) for concepts and components of this cover image. Cover art design by Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_10.txt,ave_2,2017_10.txt,With the advantage of the design,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,This cover shows the detailed stacking conformation of two triarylamine molecules and their subsequent growth in functional supramolecular polymers featuring exceptional electronic and photonic transport properties. See article by Nicolas Giuseppone and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00536). Cover art by Mathieu Le Jeune.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_5.png,D,"Brain mitophagy delays systemic aging
In this issue, Schmid and colleagues demonstrate that the cellular clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, via mitophagy, is compromised in the aging fruit fly brain. Genetic overexpression of neuronal BNIP3, a protein involved in the induction of mitophagy, was shown to delay systemic aging in the fruit flies. The cover illustrates engulfment of dysfunctional mitochondria in the brain for removal via mitophagy to promote healthy aging and depicts the fruit fly as the model organism.
See Schmid et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Lautrup and Fang
Cover image: Dr. Leila Fletcher. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_7.txt,ave_2,2_7.txt,"FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling
In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation.
See Martínez Corrales et al.
Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"Mitochondrial and nuclear gene co-evolution
In this issue, Mei Tao, Jiani Chen, Chunlai Cui, Yandong Xu et al. analyze the co-evolution of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in 472 insects and identify a group of non-mitochondria-targeted nuclear genes that potentially co-function with mtOXPHOS genes. Their discovery includes the uncharacterized gene CG11837 — a putative ortholog of human DIMT1 — that regulates insect lifespan. The cover image shows a collection of insect species, illustrating the diversity of animals in this class that contributed to this study.
See Tao et al.
Image: Lauren Heslop. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_1.png,D,"This cover art depicts the inclusion of a silver–organic complex in electrically conductive Ag–epoxy adhesives, which enhances both thermal conductivity (587%) and die shear strength. This exceptional molecular approach allows extensive continuity in the formation of a Ag network on the adhesive matrix, which effectively solves the heat flow interruption caused by conventional use of discrete Ag fillers. This study opens a new thermally conductive functionality of electrically conductive adhesives in modern devices that requires effective heat dissipation. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2019_4.txt,vitg,2019_4.txt,"The cover art describes a π-channel organic transistor with a bottom bilayer-gate dielectric. The thin bilayer-gate dielectric with a high-k metal oxide (HfO2) and amorphous fluoropolymer (CYTOP) achieves low voltage operation within a few volts. Also, the bilayer-gate dielectric achieves high operational stability, showing 0.1 V of a threshold voltage shift after 24 h of DC bias stress. This bottom-gate organic transistor offers a potential route to develop low-power stable autonomous sensors and organic transistor based circuits.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2020_4.txt,vith,2020_4.txt,"The cover art is depicting a flexible MoS2 field effect transistor, which is directly fabricated by a kinetics-controlled metal−organic CVD method. The",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,Two-dimensional (2D) materials-coated paper-based helical origami triboelectric nanogenerators (O-TENGs) are designed to harvest blue energy. The efficient charge transfer between the cellulose and 2D materials significantly improves the output performance of the O-TENGs. This,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_10.png,B,"Specially engineered two-dimensional photonic crystals can provide a platform to both trap atoms and engineer their interactions, enabling the exploration of new forms of quantum many-body matter.
Article p320; News & Views p285
IMAGE: ALEJANDRO GONZALEZ-TUDELA AND PACO MARTINEZ TOMAS
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/9_8.txt,vitg,9_8.txt,"Quantum skyrmions
Two-photon entangled states with a non-trivial topology are used to form quantum skyrmions that exhibit topological invariance.
See Ornelas et al.
Image: Pedro Ornelas, University of the Witwatersrand. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_10.txt,groundtruth,18_10.txt,"Artistic illustration of coherent nonlinear optical interactions taking place between a single molecule of dibenzanthanthrene and pump and probe beams containing just a few photons.
Letter p450; News & Views p438
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY VAHID SANDOGHDAR",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_6.txt,clip,10_6.txt,"Scientists report three-dimensional photonic crystals composed of silk fibroin, thus introducing a new dimension to research at the interface between nanophotonics and biological applications.Letter p818IMAGE: SUNGHWAN KIM et al.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/6_1.txt,vith,6_1.txt,val
Nature Cities,1_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_8.png,C,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Assessing building damage from war
Quantifying building damage during war is difficult but key for understanding its extent and for determining the rebuilding efforts required. This study uses a satellite imaging technique to focus on building damage in Syrian and Ukrainian cities.
See Hou et al.
Image: Naeblys / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_8.txt,groundtruth,1_8.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_1.png,A,"On the cover: This is a confocal image of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a primary
brain target of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) responsible for circadian rhythms, in
a 6-week-old mouse. The SCN is labeled by intravitreal injection of fluorescent dye-conjugated
cholera toxin B (CTB), which is taken up by RGC. The right eye received Alexa Fluor
647-conjugated CTB and the left eye received Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated CTB to allow
visualization of ipsi- and contralateral projections in each SCN. To learn more about
how regenerating RGC axons can be guided in the mature brain to functionally reconnect
the SCN, see Delpech et al. Image credit: Julia Schaeffer, Homaira Nawabi, and the Photonic Imaging Center of
Grenoble Institute Neuroscience.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_1.txt,groundtruth,59_1.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_9.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p203
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_9.txt,clip,22_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p237.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"'Fermentalized' by Patrick Morgan, inspired by the Review on p581.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,"'You social insects' by Patrick Morgan, inspired by the Review on p677.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/15_3.txt,vitg,15_3.txt,test
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.png,D,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,"The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,test
Cell Genomics,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_9.png,C,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,"On the cover: X chromosome copy number varies in the human population. As reported
in this issue of Cell Genomics, San Roman et al. harnessed this variation to discover that the “inactive” X chromosome
regulates expression of the “active” X chromosome. The cover is inspired by Andy Warhol’s
1960s pop art paintings, which were produced contemporaneously with the discovery
of X chromosome inactivation, the premier example of epigenetic regulation. As shown
here, the inactive X chromosome can be visualized as a heterochromatic density at
the nuclear periphery that is known as the “Barr body.” The cells here depict the
range of X chromosome copy number interrogated in the present study—from one to four.
Since all but one X chromosome are inactivated in each cell, this is visualized as
zero to three Barr bodies (inactive X chromosomes). Illustration by Caitlin Rausch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_11.txt,clip,3_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,"On the cover: Knowledge on the population history of the endangered chimpanzee species
is key for their conservation, but the genomic data on wild chimpanzee populations
is geographically sparse. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Fontsere et al. build an extensive georeferenced catalog of genomic diversity in
chimpanzees from more than 800 non-invasively collected samples. They reveal patterns
of isolation and connectivity between localities in different time points and implement
an approach to infer the unknown origin of confiscated chimpanzees. The cover depicts
Thea, a wild male central chimpanzee from the Rekambo community in Loango (Gabon).
Photography by Roland Hilgartner, ozouga.org.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,test
One Earth,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_12.png,C,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: This year marks the completion of the first-ever Global Stocktake (GST)
of the Paris Agreement. While the GST has confirmed what is already known—progress
is thus far inadequate—it has also paved the way for ratcheted-up climate ambition.
On the cover, we feature art from Alisa Singer highlighting the potential for a realized
clean-energy transition. Entitled “Scaling up renewables is feasible” from her series,
“Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change,” the piece illustrates the recent
US precedents for natural gas and solar/wind expansion, indicating the feasibility
of ambitious buildout of large-scale renewable energy to meet the US 2035 carbon-pollution-free
power-sector target. This artwork is based on Figure 5 from the “The 2035 Report.”
Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_4.txt,ave_1,6_4.txt,"On the cover: Scientific journals can play an important role in the curation and communication
of key scientific advances and expert opinions. But as the scientific literature and
number of publication platforms continue to expand, it can be easy to lose sight of
these important functions. Image: Eoneren, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_9.png,B,The nature of the structures of active sites and the reaction pathways of catalysts can be resolved by operando experimental characterization coupled with multiscale computational approaches and machine learning techniques. The combination sheds light on understanding the reaction mechanism under real reaction conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,Using the biomolecule DNA to tether porphyrin-based electrocatalysts to electrode surfaces improves their efficiency for carbon dioxide valorization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_4.png,D,"The fate of implanted biomaterials and biomedical devices can be investigated by intravital microscopy in animal models to reveal regenerative and potentially pathological responses to the implant, such as the foreign body response. The cover image shows a three-dimensional reconstruction of a polycaprolactone electrospun scaffold, capturing second-harmonic generation and third-harmonic generation by nonlinear multiphoton microscopy. See Eleonora Dondossola & Peter Friedl.
Image: Eleonora Dondossola. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_12.txt,clip,7_12.txt,"Understanding the protein corona can advance nanomedicinal developments and elucidate how nanomaterials impact the environment. The cover image shows biomolecular coronas on the surface of nanoparticles. See Morteza Mahmoudi et al.
Image: Morteza Mahmoudi. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_6.txt,vitg,8_6.txt,"In this Focus Issue we explore new research directions in the field of moiré materials, including results from global and local probe studies, the use of interlayer hybridization for property tuning, potential commonalities with the physics underlying strongly correlated materials, and the recent discovery of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect. See the Editorial
Cover design: David Johnston. Cover image: Nuckolls, K.P., et al. Nature 620, 525–532 (2023).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.txt,vith,9_6.txt,"Developing vaccines for glioblastoma remains challenging owing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumour and the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Nanomaterials can be tailored to address the limitations of glioblastoma vaccination, potentially paving the way for important advancements. The cover illustrates these efforts through a brain outline superimposed on nanoparticles. See Hameedat F. et al.
Cover image: Flavia Cristina Moreira de Sousa. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_4.txt,groundtruth,9_4.txt,train
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_2.png,A,"The cover illustration depicts the diverse applications of genetic code expansion (GCE) technology. At the center, the core mechanism of GCE is represented, highlighting its role in enabling the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins. Surrounding this central image are various applications of GCE, showcasing its versatility and potential impact in fields such as synthetic biology, therapeutic development, and molecular engineering. The interconnected elements emphasize how GCE technology bridges fundamental biological processes with innovative practical applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The cover illustrates the crystallization of a metal–organic framework (MOF) shell around enzymes. Integration of MOF materials and enzymes affords protection and allows the enzyme to maintain bioactivity in challenging conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2021_22.txt,ave_2,2021_22.txt,"The cover art is an artistic rendition of α-helical proteins such as GPCRs as the major components, together with water molecules, long fibrous amyloids comprised by cross-α and cross-β structures, and high-order molecular assemblies to form waves and capsules. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2022_7.txt,clip,2022_7.txt,"The cover depicts a methane monooxygenase enzyme, which is found in methanotropic bacteria and converts methane into methanol. This biological system has inspired many different approaches that utilize synthetic catalysts for C-H activation.  Image prepared by: Hannah Lant View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2017_12.txt,ave_1,2017_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,23_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_1.png,D,"‘Advancing biofuels’, inspired by the Review on p701.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/19_2.txt,vith,19_2.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.txt,clip,23_2.txt,"Soil viruses, inspired by the Review on p296.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_8.txt,ave_3,21_8.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_1.txt,groundtruth,23_1.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_4.png,A,Photodynamic therapy of a tumor using NIR excitation of nanoparticles with a conjugated photosensitizer generates cell-killing reactive oxygen species. Prepared with AI assistance from Leonardo Interactive Pty Ltd.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,"The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,vith,2024_6.txt,train
innovation,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/6_1.png,B,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_2.txt,clip,6_2.txt,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"On the cover: In recent years, driven by the new round of scientific and technological
revolution coupled with carbon neutrality, energy structure is undergoing unprecedented
changes. Biomass energy can be obtained from abundant resources by a number of applications,
which are zero-carbon and have the unique effect of carbon-negative emission. Meanwhile,
advanced conversion technologies, such as BECCS, pyrolysis, and biohydrogen, are also
joining the way to make a better bioenergy. Clean products of biomass have been promoted
to a prospective future. Combination of biomass energy development and advanced technology
will realize a more flexible and imaginative use of biomass, contributing to green,
low-carbon, and sustainable development. For a bright and recyclable future, we should
improve the use of biomass energy and unlock its huge potential for energy conservation
and carbon reduction.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,train
One Earth,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_2.png,D,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_1,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,"On the cover: The Brazilian Amazon Açaí berry, which contains antioxidant, hypolipidemic,
and anti-inflammatory properties, has boosted local economies within the Brazilian
Amazon. This image captures baskets filled with Açaí placed at Feira do Açaí (Açaí
Market), a public trading open-air market specifically for Açaí, on the Ver-o-Peso
in Belé, the capital of Pará state in the Amazon region in the north of Brazil. Getty,
Paulo Amorim.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_12.png,C,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,vith,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,"On the cover: In the human body (tree), apoptotic cells and vesicles (fallen blossoms)
are not the waste, which can release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The H2S from apoptotic cells and vesicles can re-nourish our body, maintaining immune homeostasis.
Ou et al. reveal the unknown role of apoptosis in immune homeostasis. As the old saying goes,
“The fallen petals, in return, will transform into soil to nourish the flower in spring.”
落红不是无情物, 化作春泥更护花 (in Chinese).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_12.txt,groundtruth,36_12.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,vitg,31_6.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_1.png,C,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,vith,2_11.txt,"Epigenetic signatures of childhood adversity — risk and resilience
Childhood adversity, or the range of negative events that children can experience, encompasses all forms of physical and emotional abuse, neglect, and circumstances such as parental loss and poverty. Childhood adversity is associated with increased physical and mental health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, alcohol and substance use, and depression. Epigenetic analyses can identify potential biomarkers of childhood adversity, such as DNA methylation that can change gene expression. Our cover depicts children on a playground, but one made of DNA. We chose to focus on one potential indication of methylation, as a biomarker that in some instances indicates reduced risk or resilience.
Read more about the consequences of childhood adversity in our Editorial and see the Article by Lussier et al. to read about epigenetic signatures that mediate the relationship between childhood adversity and depression.
Image: Marina Spence and Hibrida13 / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Refugee mental health
The number of people displaced by climate-related natural disasters, political conflict and violence continues to grow. Refugees who have often been exposed to horrific conditions at home may also face further trauma in transit. In our November issue, we reflect on refugee mental health, which has often been considered less of a priority than basic needs such as food and shelter or where infrastructure is lacking. The cover symbolizes the potential for the mental health community to better reach and support refugees.
Read more about opportunities for improving refugee mental health in our Editorial, and see Nickerson et al. to learn more about promotive and protective factors for refugee mental health.
Image: Westend61 / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_2.txt,vitg,2_2.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_9.png,A,"On the cover: A red sea urchin can attain a lifespan of more than 100 years without
showing signs of aging. In this issue, Polinski et al. report a genome assembly for the long-lived red sea urchin and find chromosome rearrangements
and expansion of gene families associated with long-term maintenance of tissue homeostasis,
disease resistance, longevity, and negligible aging that are distinct from short-lived
sea urchin species. Concept and artwork: Andrea G. Bodnar and Jennifer M. Polinski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_9.txt,groundtruth,43_9.txt,"On the cover: During chronic viral infection, CD8 T cells are critical for viral clearance
and require help from CD4 T cells. In this issue, Xin et al. show that CD4 T cells
help the CD8 response through IL-21-induced BATF expression. The image is provided
by Studio OY Design Consultancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/13_7.txt,vith,13_7.txt,"On the cover: The early cell divisions of the Xenopus laevisembryo occur in spatial waves. To observe these cell division waves, Anderson et al.
used mirrors and time-lapse microscopy to view embryos from multiple angles. The image
shows a single eight-cell embryo resting on two opposing mirrors angled 45° from horizontal.
The metal background is a machined aluminum temperature-control device that maintained
the embryo at 18°C. Image by Graham Anderson and Lendert Gelens.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/21_13.txt,clip,21_13.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,train
Cell Genomics,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/5_2.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huang et al. explore characteristic gut microbiota associated with phenotypes of the Chinese population
from 17 ethnic groups in China by metagenomics sequencing of 3,234 fecal samples.
The complexity and diversity of gut microbiota, akin to a veil of fog, were revealed.
The patterns within the 17 circles are symbolic patterns from 17 ethnic groups distributed
across various regions of China. The microbiota and genes at the center of the circles
reveal the species and genetic diversity of gut microbiota in the Chinese population.
Image credit: Qixiao Zhai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_1.txt,vith,5_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/7_2.png,B,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,vith,6_11.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,clip,6_4.txt,"The cover of this issue shows a network of similar products for the Egyptian economy. See César Hidalgo
Image: César Hidalgo, ANITI, University of Toulouse, France. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_6.png,C,"Artistic illustration of coherent nonlinear optical interactions taking place between a single molecule of dibenzanthanthrene and pump and probe beams containing just a few photons.
Letter p450; News & Views p438
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY VAHID SANDOGHDAR",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_6.txt,clip,10_6.txt,"Illustration of random lasing action from photonic glass.
Cover design by Tom Wilson.
Letter by Stefano Gottardo  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_6.txt,vith,2_6.txt,"Terahertz-driven electron guns
Artist’s impression of a waveguide-based terahertz-driven photogun that serves as a compact source of high-energy electrons. The design exploits a movable cathode tip and multiple cells to provide an acceleration gradient as high as ~3 GV/m. Using microjoule-level single-cycle terahertz pulses, electron beams with up to ~14 keV electron energy, 1% energy spread and ~0.015 mm mrad transverse emittance are possible.
See Ying et al.
Image: Jianwei Ying and Dongfang Zhang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_6.txt,groundtruth,18_6.txt,The first realization of an echo-enabled harmonic generation free-electron laser (FEL) may help to provide short-wavelength FELs with very high brightness and full coherence.Letter p360Interview p406IMAGE: Zhao  et al .COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/6_7.txt,vitg,6_7.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2025_1.png,B,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,A water channel is formed across the light-harvesting complex of a diatom in response to high light exposure. The channel,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover illustrates the different structure of a mixed ionic liquid at a gold electrode surface compared to its bulk structure. A higher density of [C4mim]+ cations reside on the surface, represented by blue/green molecules, compared to [C4mpyrr]+ cations, shown as red molecules, despite many more [C4mpyrr]+ ions present in the bulk. Electricity shows the conversion of oxygen to superoxide in the electric double layer, which was used as an electrochemical probe to understand the surface structure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_1.txt,vith,2022_1.txt,"The cover features the kinetics of tetracyanoethylene on a copper surface at two different temperatures. For increasing dosages, the system undergoes a thermodynamically driven phase transition from lying to standing. As this transition notably changes the physical properties of the interface, we study how to kinetically inhibit this change. Based on first principles, we predict that molecules can be trapped in a lying orientation in the temperature range of 110",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_400,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_400.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that a FAK-Cas-Rac-lamellipodin signaling module triggers cell proliferation in response to increased stiffness in the external environment. The image shows a cross-section of an injured mouse femoral artery stained to show the elastic lamina (green), cycling cells (pink), and non-cycling cells (blue). [Image: Tina Xu/Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_330.txt,vitg,7_330.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue of Science Signaling complements the Science special issue on cancer and focuses on understanding how research into signaling pathways that affect cancer cell survival and adaptation to drug treatment may lead to therapeutic approaches that overcome or prevent drug resistance (see the Editorial Guide for an introduction to this Focus Issue). The image shows the regression of melanoma in patients treated with an inhibitor of the kinase B-Raf. Mutations that promote the activity of this kinase are associated with various forms of cancer. [Image: Image supplied by Gideon Bollag of Plexxikon; reprinted with permission from Nature 467, 596 (2010)]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_166.txt,vith,4_166.txt,COVER This week features a Protocol that describes software used to explore how polarization in membrane lipids occurs in response to chemotactic stimuli. The image depicts the simulated PIP3 concentration when a cell is experiencing chemotactic stimuli from two point sources at opposing poles.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_378.txt,clip,2007_378.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_400.txt,groundtruth,2007_400.txt,test
Cell Genomics,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_12.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,vith,4_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wu et al. present an innovative approach to non-invasively quantify extracellular RNA (exRNA)
extracted from the spent culture media of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. The cover art ingeniously captures the study's essence,
envisioning the temporal fluctuations of exRNA resembling majestic mountains while
depicting embryos as celestial stars. Crafted by Yuan Liu, this image encapsulates
the intricate interplay between exRNA dynamics and the developmental journey of embryos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,val
ACS ES&T Water,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.png,D,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,"This captivating cover art symbolizes the complex interplay of factors driving eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. The artwork illustrates the intricate relationship among environmental variables, sediment nutrient release, and microbial communities in West Lake, revealing the critical role of submerged plants and microbial diversity in shaping nutrient dynamics. This comprehensive study sheds light on the dynamics of internal nutrient loading, providing insights crucial for effective ecosystem management and water quality preservation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_2.png,A,"Radical strain-release
The authors report the use of azabicyclic scaffolds that release their ring strain thanks to an organic photosensitizer activated by visible light. The consequent radical ring opening enables the incorporation of organic fragments, allowing access to functionalized azetidines.
See Rodríguez et al.
Image: Benjamin Large. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"Dispersion control
In their work, L. Robert Baker and colleagues investigate the effects of molecular dispersion of a heterogenized cobalt phthalocyanine on the rate and product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Elad Gross and Hadar Shema, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_4.txt,vith,7_4.txt,"Artificial biocatalytic systems
Biocatalysis is an enabling technology for a more sustainable future. This Insight provides an overview of engineering enzymes and microbes, as well as methods for interfacing them with abiological materials to improve their performance and range of applications.
The cover comes from an Article by Julia Sanz-Aparicio, Víctor Guallar, Manuel Ferrer and co-workers on engineering enzyme scaffolds with two active sites to synergistically combine biological and new-to-nature chemical transformations.
See Alonso et al.
Image: Julia Sanz-Aparicio (CSIC). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,"Two catalysts in synergy
The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.
See Rui et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_7.png,D,"The cover depicts the sponge Dysidea granulosa, which harbors cyanobacterial endosymbionts responsible for the widespread biosynthesis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the marine environment. Naturally produced PBDEs, which are structurally similar to toxic man-made brominated flame retardants, can make up over ten percent of the sponge's weight. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image from Jason Biggs. Article, p537",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_8.txt,ave_1,13_8.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"The cover depicts numerous extracellular membrane vesicles associated with a long cellular process on a neural stem cell, imaged by a scanning electron microscope. Isolated extracellular vesicles were found to be metabolically active, and metabolomics analysis revealed the presence of asparaginase activity attributed to the enzyme asparaginase-like 1. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image generated by Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo and Clara Alfaro-Cervello. Article, p951; News &#38; Views, p924",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_4.txt,clip,13_4.txt,"Lighting up proteins by RNA editing
A method termed RENAPT combines RNA editing and site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, enabling introduction of small chemical tags into endogenous proteins for live-cell imaging. The cover depicts a super-resolution image of the GRP94 protein, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone (in red), achieved through RENAPT.
See Hao et al. and Doura et al.
Image: Tao Liu and Min Hao, Peking University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_13.png,D,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,vitg,40_10.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Many aspects of cell homeostasis and integrity are maintained by the nucleotide-binding
oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.
The NLRP3 oligomeric protein complex assembles in response to exogenous and endogenous
danger signals. This inflammasome has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of
a wide range of disease conditions, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases. As
NLRP3 modulates autophagy, which is also a key regulator of inflammasome activity,
excessive inflammation may be controlled by targeting these intersecting pathways.
In a Review article of this issue, Bonam, Mastrippolito et al. discuss the potential of strategies that target the lysosomal autophagy–NLRP3 inflammasome
intersecting pathways in the context of autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Image credit:
Grace Maina via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_13.txt,groundtruth,45_13.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_11.png,B,"Immunology of COVID-19
Nature Immunology has commissioned a Series of Reviews and a Perspective that discuss the innate and adaptive aspects of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the possible mechanisms behind the large clinical variability in the response to infection, and considerations for vaccine and therapy strategies.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/aeacbbicec
Image Credit: Erin Dewalt. Cover art: Kateryna Kon / Science Photo Library / Getty",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/23_11.txt,vitg,23_11.txt,"Immune dysregulation in long COVID
Yin et al. use Olink proteomics and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses to show a dysregulated crosstalk between the cellular and humoral immune responses in individuals with long COVID 8 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2.
See Kailin Yin et al.
Image credit: Amie Fernandez. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_2,6_6.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,train
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_6.png,B,The cover art depicts the sequential reaction strategy for the construction of ortho-disubstituted arenes and heterocyclic compounds via ortho-quinone methides/sulfides generated from aryne insertion into formamides and sulfoxides. The cover art is created by Dhiraj Dutta.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2021_18.txt,ave_1,2021_18.txt,"In an industrial setting, toluene oxidation products such as benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and benzoate esters are crucial fine chemicals. Chemists are dedicated to preparing high-value chemical materials through green and simple oxidation technologies. This cover illustrates an aryl-halides-initiated photocatalytic strategy for the green and selective oxidation of toluene.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,The cover art shows carboxylic acid functionalization using sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene source in the presence of [VO(acac)2]. The cover art was created by Fathima Koothradan and Chinnappan Sivasankar.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,"Advances in industrial organic synthesis are essential for the successful commercialization of novel, efficient, and reliable chemical processes. Through application of new technologies and collaboration across disciplines, as noted on the cover of this joint Special Issue from JOC and OPR&D, organic chemists are accelerating the conversion of molecules to many useful products that improve human health and quality of life.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_21.txt,clip,2022_21.txt,val
Nature Chemistry,16_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_10.png,D,"The success of natural products and their derivatives as drugs has encouraged researchers to seek further inspiration from nature in the discovery of novel bioactive small molecules. Two Articles in this issue describe attempts to mimic aspects of natural-product biosynthesis in the preparation of diverse molecules for screening. The cover is an illustrative metaphor for the connection between nature and drug discovery. The honeycomb, prevalent in nature, represents a vast array of reactions, with the highlighted cells representing those reactions that yield products with specific biological activity.Editorial p841; Interviews p845, 846; News &#38; Views p851; Articles p872, 877 IMAGE: ANDREY KUZMIN/ALAMYCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/6_3.txt,ave_0,6_3.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,vitg,7_10.txt,"An amphiphile based on a perylene bisimide (a fluorescence acceptor) self-assembles in water to form vesicular nanocapsules that can trap a bispyrene compound (a fluorescence donor) inside their hollow cores, as shown on the cover of this issue. The donor molecules adopt one of two different conformations, depending on the pH of the solution, and each emits a different colour of light (either green or blue) when exposed to UV irradiation. In each conformation, the donors transfer some energy to the shell of the vesicle, which ultimately emits red light. The combination of emissions at pH 9 results in white fluorescence.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p623; News & Views p599",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Caught in a trap
Sulfate-binding proteins — which capture sulfate from water using hydrogen bonds from charge-neutral motifs — serve as key inspiration in anion receptor chemistry, but synthetic systems showing similar selectivity have so far been elusive. Xin Wu, Evelyne Deplazes and colleagues have now made a neutral molecular cage that binds sulfate in water using 12 hydrogen atoms, as depicted artistically on the cover. The background shows an empty cage and an unbound sulfate.
See Jing et al.
Image: Bolun Chen, Senling Culture Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_10.txt,groundtruth,16_10.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_14.png,C,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vith,36_3.txt,"A central tenet of (adaptive) immunology has been that responses are initiated in
secondary lymphoid tissues and by and large this seems to be the case. However, more
recent data has demonstrated that T cells, as opposed to their B cell cousins, are
a lot less choosy about where they are activated. On pages 144–153 Burkhard Becher
and colleagues speculate how the surprising unfussiness of T cells could represent
an ancient activation pathway extant prior to the evolutionary appearance of dedicated
lymph nodes. The cover image sans the T cell is of a cave bordering the Nanzen-ji
temple complex in Kyoto, Japan. Photo by ZTF.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/31_10.txt,vitg,31_10.txt,"The image is an illustration of Louis Pasteur in his laboratory. A few
articles in this issue address vaccinology and the importance of better understanding
host immune responses to design better preventive or therapeutic vaccines. For
instance, Ellebedy and Wu discuss the potential of targeting neuraminidase to
generate broadly protective influenza virus vaccines; Guo and colleagues review
current information on mRNA vaccines in cancer nanomedicine and immunotherapy;
also, Levy, Palma et al. delve into the realm of modeling human immune responses to
vaccination in vitro. Image credit: GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_14.txt,groundtruth,45_14.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_10.png,A,"Microscale robots' unique active motion enables their precise navigation in different aqueous biological or environmental media. The image shows an artist’s impression of microrobots using photocatalysis to degrade chemical and biological warfare agents for environmental remediation. See Chen C. et al
Cover image: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_10.txt,groundtruth,9_10.txt,"Understanding the protein corona can advance nanomedicinal developments and elucidate how nanomaterials impact the environment. The cover image shows biomolecular coronas on the surface of nanoparticles. See Morteza Mahmoudi et al.
Image: Morteza Mahmoudi. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_6.txt,vitg,8_6.txt,"CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize by converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range, which involves challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks. The cover shows an artistic representation of the implementation of CO2 electrolysis to scale and its materials needs. See Belsa B. et al.
Cover image: Francisco Pelayo García de Arquer. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_5.txt,vith,9_5.txt,"This Perspective explores and explains the fundamental dogma of nanoparticle delivery to tumours and answers two central questions: &lsquo;how many nanoparticles accumulate in a tumour?&rsquo; and &lsquo;how does this number affect the clinical translation of nanomedicines?&rsquo;
See Stefan Wilhelm et al. 1, 16014 (2016).
Image credit: Stefan Wilhelm. Cover design: Lauren V. Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_3.png,D,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,vith,26_1.txt,"‘Recycling ribosomes’, inspired by the Review on p526
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_5.txt,clip,19_5.txt,"‘The universe of biomolecular condensates’, inspired by the theme of this focus issue: phase separation in biology.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_10.txt,ave_1,22_10.txt,"‘Endosomes as sorting stations’, inspired by the Review on p765
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_20.png,A,"Pulsed-laser decoration of single Pd nanoparticles on NiCo2O4 nanoplates resulted in a Pd/NiCo2O4 composite with excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the hydrazine oxidation reaction. Accordingly, the assembled hybrid electrolyzer achieves low-voltage-driven hydrogen production while simultaneously degrading hydrazine in wastewater into nitrogen, effectively achieving dual objectives with a single strategy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,All-inorganic noble-metal-free thiomolybdate anions anchor covalently and irreversibly to a range of oxide surfaces by undergoing a partial ligand displacement. We show that the heterogenized clusters act as stable and efficient light-driven hydrogen evolution co-catalysts when photosensitized by a semiconductor support (Cover design by Stephen Myakala).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_14.txt,vitg,2022_14.txt,"The cover reports a nanoconstrained photocatalyst with encapsulating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets into the microporous carbon nanocage. The photocatalyst demonstrates a greatly enhanced water accumulation in the nanoconfined cavity, synergistically increasing chemical water molecule adsorption, leading to the high apparent quantum efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_3.txt,ave_1,2021_3.txt,val
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.png,C,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,test
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_1.png,A,"by regulating the expression of BBB functional proteins. Wnt-regulated therapeutics, e.g., nanomedicines, could modulate the BBB permeability via regulating the status of the Wnt signaling pathway.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Pictured is a conjugate of a boron-rich dendritic wedge, a fluorophore, and a ligand that targets αvβ3 integrins overexpressed on αvβ3-positive tumor cells and vasculature. The reported convergent strategy enables efficient, modular synthesis of the conjugate, which rapidly accumulates and is retained for 7 days in animal models of human melanoma and murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Fluorescence turn-on functionality allows for high signal-to-noise ratio monitoring of the accumulation and retention of the conjugate in the tumors. (See Dubey et al. on page 78.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_12.txt,vith,2015_12.txt,"The cover picture shows graphical artwork of a chimeric molecule peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO), which consists of a helix-stabilized cell-penetrating peptide and an antisense PMO, in efficient cellular uptake and antisense activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_5.png,D,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,ave_1,2023_8.txt,"This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,"The graphene assembled films demonstrate exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The artwork emphasizes our research on utilizing graphene assembled film-based electronics for RF and microwave technology in the Internet of Everything (IoE), encompassing antenna and antenna array, flexible electronics, RFID, and metasurfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,val
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_3.png,C,"This cover art illustrates the synergy of Ni–Co nanoclusters encapsulated within ZSM-5 via in situ two-step hydrothermal synthesis, enhancing stability and performance in alkaline ethanol oxidation. The NiCo@ZSM-5/AC-D2S hybrid minimizes metal agglomeration, while the porous ZSM-5/AC structure ensures conductivity and reactant penetration for superior catalytic activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,"The cover art represents the high heat release of metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived MgO@nanoporous carbon (NC) upon hydration. MOF-derived MgO@NC exhibits greater heat release compared to commercially available MgO because of its large surface area and homogeneous distribution of nanometer-sized MgO particles in the NC matrix. Therefore, this novel material is proposed to be an efficient thermal storage material for the integration of renewable energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2020_10.txt,ave_1,2020_10.txt,Make excellent clean energy catalysts by combining colorful non-precious metals with MOF materials to protect our green water and mountains.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,The cover graphics illustrate the encapsulation of a fluorescein guest molecule by a nanoporous ZIF‑8 framework to achieve light-emissive nanoparticles (represented by the faceted polyhedrons).  The lamp represents an irradiation source for converting ultraviolet light into a tunable white light by harnessing the fluorescein@ZIF‑8 nanoparticles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_6.png,A,"On the cover: The cover image is inspired by the ancient Chinese myth about the first human beings,
Fuxi (伏羲) and Nuwa (女娲), who were originally brother and sister born from Hua Xu (华胥).
They married after a devastating flood and created humanity. The sexuality differentiation
and reproduction in maize shares similarity to this story. Maize florets from tassel
and ear both bear a full set of sexual organs initially, like siblings, and undergo
selective elimination of pistil and stamen, respectively, leading to unisexual male
and female flowers. In the process of sexual differentiation, JA, BR and ROS signals
together with NAC genes inhibit the growth of pistils in tassel florets, while GA
signal, SK1 and MADS-box genes promote the growth of pistils in ear florets. In addition,
GA signal also inhibits the growth of stamens in ear florets. At the mature stage,
tassel inflorescence at the top produces pollens that scatter onto the ear filaments
at the waist to complete fertilization and production. In this cover illustration,
the floret before sex differentiation (middle) represents Hua Xu, while tassel (upper)
and ear (lower) florets formed after sex differentiation represent Fuxi and Nuwa,
respectively. The developmental process from bisexual to unisexual florets of tassel
and ear is regulated by different factors that are scattered by Fuxi and Nuwa, respectively.
Image by Yonghao Sun, Lu Kang, Liang Dong and Fang Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_6.txt,groundtruth,17_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a new chemical-mediated haploid induction method for
maize. After the female ear of a diploid maize plant (middle) in normal height is
pollinated with pollens treated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagents, which may
result in three types of pollens: yellow ones with two normal sperms, red ones with
two damaged sperms, and yellow-red mixed ones with one normal and one damaged sperms,
it can produce the cob with some small, haploid seeds. When sowed, these small, haploid
seeds can form double haploid maize plants (left and right) via spontaneous or induced
dihaploidization. Image by: Chenglin Jiang and Kenan Yao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/15_7.txt,clip,15_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,vith,9_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.png,C,"‘Addressing the antimicrobial resistance crisis’, inspired by the Viewpoint article on page267.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/18_8.txt,clip,18_8.txt,"Antimicrobial delivery to biofilms, inspired by the Review on p555.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,"Tackling bacterial antimicrobial resistance, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.txt,groundtruth,22_3.txt,"Alternatives for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens, inspired by the Review on p262.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.txt,ave_2,22_8.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_1.png,D,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"CRISPR/Cas and other genome editing approaches have quickly become centrally important
biotechnological techniques in synthetic biology. This month, we focus on emerging
aspects of genome editing ranging from generating high-value chemicals in prokaryotes
to designing synthetic gene circuits. In pages 535–547 of this issue, Jusiak, Cleto,
and colleagues discuss the applications of CRISPR to transcriptional regulation and
envision a paradigm of highly efficient transcription factor design using genome editing.
Cover image from Sara Cleto, Timothy Lu, and the Elsevier Webshop, and cover design
by Matthew Pavlovich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_7.txt,vith,34_7.txt,"Methods to watch biological molecules have been immensely useful in unveiling protein
function and regulation. On pages 8–16, Crivat and colleagues discuss advantages and
disadvantages of the four standard genetic methods used to covalently tag a protein
with a fluorescent probe for cellular imaging. The image on the cover was provided
by David Goodsell, Scripps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/30_12.txt,vitg,30_12.txt,"CRISPR-driven genetic circuits have offered promising solutions to
burgeoning challenges in RNA sensing. In pages 1601–1614 of this issue, Jiang and
colleagues discuss cutting-edge developments in CRISPR-powered RNA sensors
in vivo, in addition to providing new insights on the future development of these
programmable RNA sensors. Cover image from Baojun Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,train
Structure,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_7.png,B,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,vith,27_8.txt,"On the cover: In this piece, a flower garden provides a metaphor for the creation
and growth of designed protein assemblies. Meador et al. describe machine learning algorithms that greatly expand the ability to generate
new types of protein-based molecular cages, whose beauty and diversity are reminiscent
of natural flora. Image credit: Nika Gladkov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling regulate numerous physiological functions. Overloaded Ca2+ stores promote cell death and dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leading to diseases including cancers. Guo et al. (pp. 1013–1021) present
crystal structures of a prokaryotic TMBIM Ca2+ channel (ribbons) in which a pH- and ion-sensitive aspartyl dyad forms H-bonds with
an arginine residue on TM2 (cyan) and regulates the opening and closing of a transmembrane
pore for Ca2+ translocation across bilayer membranes (spheres).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_7.txt,clip,27_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.png,D,"In our August issue: articles on IL-17 in inflammatory arthritis, cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA, T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in rheumatic diseases and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies.
Image of skin from a patient with dermatomyositis. Image supplied by Majid Zeidi, Kristen Chen and Victoria P. Werth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/15_5.txt,vith,15_5.txt,"In our February issue: articles on the pathogenesis of ANCA-association vasculitis, therapy for knee osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc progenitor cells and psoriatic dactylitis. Also featured are key advances in rheumatology in 2018.
Image of skin from a patient with dermatomyositis. Image supplied by Majid Zeidi, Kristen Chen and Victoria P. Werth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/15_11.txt,vitg,15_11.txt,"Cover image supplied by Dr Farasat Zaman and Prof. Lars Savendahl from the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. The image shows a complete human epiphyseal (growth) plate extracted from a child after epiphysiodesis of the distal femur. All zones of the growth plate are depicted, including resting cartilage (top) and zones of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes, below which are shown calcified matrix and ossified bone. The tissue was fixed and stained with van Gieson/alcian blue. The extracted growth plate can be used as an ex vivo model to address pre-clinical and clinical questions about human bone development.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/13_2.txt,clip,13_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p241.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_10.png,C,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,vitg,2024_12.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,vith,2024_9.txt,A metal-free layered organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries intercalates Li+ and stores more energy in a shorter charging time than inorganic incumbents.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"All-perovskite tandem solar cells promise higher power conversion efficiencies than their single-junction counterparts. This outlook focuses on the main challenges and advances for perovskite absorbers and functional layers in a tandem devise, aiming to draw a roadmap for approaching highly efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_12.txt,clip,2023_12.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_2.png,B,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,vitg,2018_1.txt,"The cover image depicts the hypothetical schematic of cubosomes (lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles) entering the epithelia and subsequent tissues of a lower limb (leg) with varicose veins. Although they differ in internal structure and function, cubosomes are classified as a subtype of liposomes. Our research shows that liquid crystal nanoparticles can be efficiently used for the management and therapy of varicose veins. The cover image was created using Canva as a tool. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,vith,2019_12.txt,val
ACS Catalysis,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_2.png,A,"Cation vacancies are beneficial to enhancing the intrinsic OER activity, and oxygen vacancies are in favor of promoting long-term stability. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,"Improving the catalytic efficiency of cascade reactions has widespread implications in many fields. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a cascade reaction on a two-dimensional scaffold revealed spatial organizations of catalysts that lead to enhanced overall reaction rates. As visualized on the cover, turnover events vary drastically across structured surfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2016_5.txt,vitg,2016_5.txt,test
Cell Genomics,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_5.png,B,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,"On the cover: One of the X chromosomes in females is inactivated through X chromosome
inactivation (XCI). However, several X-linked genes escape from XCI and contribute
to female-biased gene expression. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tomofuji et al. develop scLinaX, a new bioinformatics tool to quantify the escape from XCI and elucidate
the sex differences of gene regulation. The cover art depicts leaky lights from the
inactivated X chromosome that represent the escape from XCI. Crafted by Anna Tsukasaki,
this image visually captures the essence of the scLinaX method.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,ave_0,1_3.txt,"On the cover: X chromosome copy number varies in the human population. As reported
in this issue of Cell Genomics, San Roman et al. harnessed this variation to discover that the “inactive” X chromosome
regulates expression of the “active” X chromosome. The cover is inspired by Andy Warhol’s
1960s pop art paintings, which were produced contemporaneously with the discovery
of X chromosome inactivation, the premier example of epigenetic regulation. As shown
here, the inactive X chromosome can be visualized as a heterochromatic density at
the nuclear periphery that is known as the “Barr body.” The cells here depict the
range of X chromosome copy number interrogated in the present study—from one to four.
Since all but one X chromosome are inactivated in each cell, this is visualized as
zero to three Barr bodies (inactive X chromosomes). Illustration by Caitlin Rausch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_11.txt,clip,3_11.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_1.png,D,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_2,2016_6.txt,A molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor monitors drug release profile from therapeutic nanoparticles,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2023_8.txt,ave_3,2023_8.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_2.png,C,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,vith,37_4.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"The life cycle of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, relies
on tight control of gene expression which is mainly facilitated by the apicomplexan
Apetala2 (ApiAP2) DNA-binding protein family of sequence-specific transcription factors.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Singhal et al. provide an overview of the recent
developments in the functional biology of P. falciparum ApiAP2 proteins, focusing on
new insights into their interactions with transcriptional regulatory complexes in
the
asexual blood stages along with their roles during sexual commitment, development
and
differentiation into mature male and female gametocytes. The cover art depicts a blood
vessel with malaria parasite-infected red blood cells. The zoomed-in image represents
the nucleus of a P. falciparum gametocyte with the AP2 DNA-binding domains of ApiAP2
proteins (purple domains inside white cloud) recruiting the multi-subunit PfSAGA and
PfMORC (orange and cyan domain clouds) chromatin-associated complexes. Image
credit: Dr. Rajat Kumar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_2.txt,groundtruth,40_2.txt,"On The Cover: Since its discovery 25 years ago, the apicoplast has served as a safe and productive
drug target in apicomplexan parasites due to its prokaryotic origin. However, the
chemical inhibitors of apicoplast housekeeping functions often kill parasites in a
slow “delayed” manner, which limits their drug application potential. In this issue
of Trends in Parasitology, Kennedy et al. review the current understanding of the possible mechanisms behind this delayed
death effect. The cover image, provided by Kit Kennedy and based on slice-and-view
reconstruction by Kit Kennedy and Eric Hanssen, is a rendering of Plasmodium parasites in red blood cells experiencing delayed death with colored nuclei (blue),
cytostomal invaginations (light blue) and defective digestive vacuoles (yellow). The
loss of a functional apicoplast in these parasites disrupts their capacity to feed
on their host red blood cells, starving the parasites within.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/35_4.txt,clip,35_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.png,C,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,ave_1,2025_1.txt,A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,val
Nature Protocols,19_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_9.png,A,"Tumor cell captured via magnetic beads functionalized with tetrahedral DNA frameworks
Scanning electron micrograph of streptavidin-labeled magnetic beads (green) bound to biotin-labeled tetrahedral DNA frameworks anchored with aptamers to a HepG2 cell (pink). See Chen, Y. et al.
Image: [ Yirong Chen, Dekai Ye and Min Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University] Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_9.txt,groundtruth,19_9.txt,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,ave_2,20_2.txt,"3D confocal image of a human colon organoid.
Image of a human colon organoid immunolabeled for F-actin and E-cadherin and captured in 3D using the easy-to-use and fast protocol provided by Dekkers et al. in this issue of Nature Protocols.
See Dekkers et al.
Image: Johanna F. Dekkers and Anne C. Rios. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_7.txt,ave_3,14_7.txt,"Emulating physiological T-cell activation.
Scanning electron micrograph of a dense cluster of T cells interacting with artificial antigen-presenting cell scaffolds (pseudocolored).
See Zhang et al.
Image: David Zhang. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_10.txt,clip,15_10.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_12.png,D,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,"Super CO2
In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
See Qi et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt,ave_1,6_9.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Reconstructing copper
In their work, Raffaella Buonsanti and colleagues investigate the mechanism of reconstruction of copper CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. Spectroscopic methods support a dissolution-redeposition mechanism involving solution-based Cu(I) species which are further elucidated as copper carbonyl and oxalate complexes using density functional theory.
See Vavra et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,val
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_1.png,B,"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cells, inspired by the Review on p455.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"The role of the gut microbiota in body weight homeostasis, inspired by the Review on p258.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_8.txt,clip,19_8.txt,"COVER: Emerging complications of diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_4.txt,vith,18_4.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_9.png,B,"Wall planner
Xa4 is a widely exploited and lasting disease resistance gene in rice breeding. It encodes a cell wall-associated kinase that slightly reduces plant height by partially preventing culm cell elongation.
See Nature Plants 3, 17009 (2017).
Image: S. Wang            Cover Design: L. Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/3_10.txt,vith,3_10.txt,"Symbiosis in time and space
The symbiotic interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plant roots enables the mutual exchange of carbon for nutrients such as phosphate. The course of this highly dynamic relationship can be followed by a combination of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.
See Serrano, K. et al.
Image: Kent Leech, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Creative Services. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_9.txt,groundtruth,10_9.txt,"Root cap renovation
The root cap is a multi-layered shield that protects the root apical meristem. Its maintenance relies on coordinated production and shedding of cell layers.
See Shi, C.-L. et al.
Image: V. Olsson and R.B. Aalen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_5.txt,vitg,4_5.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
BDJ,237_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_4.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, virtual clinics, and polishing systems.

Cover image: From 2019. The BDA Museum series which inspired the cover on this current issue was a direct lookback and comparison with modern practice and was published in the second half of 2019. One item was an operating face mask from the 1920s, complete with its stylish box (from Vol 227 Issue 8, 25 October 2019). As the series drew to a close at the end of that year, no one had any notion whatsoever of the pandemic that was about to engulf us in 2020 when the use of personal protective equipment became such a crucial element of enabling continuing health care.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_5.txt,ave_2,237_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on large language models, hyposalivation, and environmental sustainability.

Cover image: From 2018. The cover of this issue combines an acknowledgment of the original World War One commemoration series with a montage and positions the 2018 Armistice cover at 11 o’clock, the traditional placement for the leaf on commemorative poppies, to mark the eleventh hour, day and month of the end of the War.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Philip Bannister",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_4.txt,groundtruth,237_4.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,clip,228_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,val
Nature Neuroscience,27_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_4.png,A,"A neural circuit for coughing
Coughing is a vital respiratory defense mechanism. Gannot et al. identified a genetically defined neural circuit connecting the airway to the brain that controls cough-like behavior in mice. The cover art features a mouse coughing, with a brain image illustrated in the droplets. The key brain region for coughing, the nucleus of the solitary tract, is highlighted in white.
See Peng Li et al.
Image: Rajani Arora, University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_4.txt,groundtruth,27_4.txt,Murphy and colleagues use voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the cortex of anesthetized and awake mice to show that spontaneous activity patterns contain motifs similar to those evoked by sensory stimulation. These motifs are also seen following optogenetic activation of the cortex and they correlate with structural connectivity. Cover design based on an image by Mostafa Mohsenvand.p 1426,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/16_3.txt,vith,16_3.txt,Nature Neuroscience presents a special focus issue on neurodegeneration consisting of Reviews and Perspectives that highlight the latest advances in our understanding of pathological mechanisms and the possibility of harnessing this information for translational research. The cover image depicts cells from a mouse model of Huntington's disease with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) as a consequence of inefficient autophagy. The cell bodies are stained red and the nuclei are blue.787–818,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/13_6.txt,vitg,13_6.txt,"The cover depicts a sad, anxious or sick mouse sitting on a small island surrounded by an ocean of neurons, unable to socially interact, explore or feed. This is a metaphor for the function of the insular cortex, also called the ‘island of the brain’ (‘insula’ is the Latin word for ‘island’). In this study, Gehrlach et al. reveal how the posterior part of the insula processes and regulates aversive emotional and bodily internal states and mediates inhibition of ongoing rewarding and exploratory behaviors.
See Gehrlach et al
Image credit: Julia Kuhl. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/22_4.txt,clip,22_4.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_5.png,D,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Decety and Yoder describe emerging findings on the cognitive and neuroscientific
underpinnings of justice motivation. Cover image from iStockphoto/tomloel. Cover design
by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"Recent explanations for primate intelligence in general, and human intelligence in
particular, have focused on the role that social complexity plays in shaping cognition.
In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Alexandra Rosati explores how foraging challenges rather than social challenges
may shape primate cognition. She also highlights the ways in which humans face a unique
set of foraging challenges and discusses ways in which these challenges may shape
uniquely human cognitive capacities. Cover image courtesy of Alexandra Rosati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"The motivations to protect oneself and others are often seen as
conflicting. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Joana B. Vieira and Andreas
Olsson draw on recent animal and human research to challenge the belief that self-preservation
must be suppressed to care for others. They suggest that neuroendocrine
mechanisms involved in individual defense are, in fact, essential for protecting others.
By reconceptualizing defense and care as convergent processes, this framework
opens new research avenues, including examining how defensive mechanisms
influence prosocial behaviors and how caregiving experiences affect defensive
tendencies in humans. Cover depicts a female Tana River mangabey and her infant.
Cover image from Anup Shah/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_5.txt,groundtruth,28_5.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_20.png,B,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,A new copolymer architecture is reported for mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture. The corresponding grafted multi-block copolymer strongly improved filler/polymer compatibility up to high loadings of ZIF-8 (40 vol %) and the membrane CO2 permeability was increased by a factor 6 compared to the corresponding unloaded membrane.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_12.png,C,"Membrane organisers, inspired by the Review on p193.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_10.txt,vith,24_10.txt,"A spanner in the works, inspired by the Perspective on p47.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_12.txt,ave_0,22_12.txt,"Myelin sheath repair, inspired by the Review on p49.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_12.txt,groundtruth,24_12.txt,"'United We Stand', inspired by the Review on p427.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_6.txt,clip,20_6.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.png,D,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,clip,18_6.txt,"Gut cell atlas, inspired by the Roadmap on p597.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_4.txt,ave_3,20_4.txt,"Gene therapy for liver diseases, inspired by the Review on p288.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_8.txt,ave_2,20_8.txt,"Pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.png,D,Atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials serve as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena and provide practical solutions for various applications. Featured,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,vith,2020_12.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,Density functional theory + machine learning-based approaches are used to screen out suitable cathode hosts from a large number of MXenes for the optimum adsorption of possible intermediates in aluminum–sulfur batteries. AI was used partially in the creation of this cover graphic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_8.png,D,"On the cover: Transparency can change your perspective. In the Editorial in this issue
of Cell Systems, Quincey Justman (1–2) clarifies how editors make decisions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_6.txt,vith,9_6.txt,"On the cover: Electrical waves propagate along linear tracks of engineered excitable
cells (iOS-HEK cells). In this issue of Cell Systems, McNamara et al. (359–370) show that the spiking patterns of iOS-HEK cells depend
sensitively on the shape of the tissue in which they are embedded. Beating of cardiomyocytes
also depends on the tissue geometry, implying that efforts to model cardiac arrhythmias
in vitro must account for the difference in geometry between cell culture and the heart.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_3.txt,ave_2,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: VelvetSDE simulations of early neural progenitors differentiating into
motor neurons, V3 interneurons, and floor plate cells, coloured by fate and visualised
in PCA space of VelvetSDE latent space representation. Maizels et al. present methods for dynamical modeling from single-cell transcriptomics: an experimental
protocol for metabolic labeling that provides increased data quality with single-cell
temporal resolution and a generative modeling framework for velocity inference that
outperforms other tools and provides trajectory simulations that capture dynamical
aspects of cell fate decisions. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_8.txt,groundtruth,15_8.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_2.png,C,"This cover illustrates how the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein could bind to the human ACE2 receptor based on the simulation study. The S protein has a highly flexible stalk that is composed of two independent joints. Such flexible motions enable the receptor binding domain to have various orientations, and the most probable S protein configurations appear to be competent for ACE2 binding.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2021_9.txt,vith,2021_9.txt,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,clip,2023_22.txt,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,vitg,2023_18.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_397,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_397.png,A,COVER This week features a Perspective on the role of molecular scaffolds in mediating crosstalk between different classes of seven-transmembrane receptors. The image depicts β-arrestin (PDB 1jsy).,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_397.txt,groundtruth,2007_397.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on variant IFN-α proteins with distinct activities. The image depicts human IFN-α. [Image based on PDB 1rh2.],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_405.txt,clip,2007_405.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week wraps up the series on Structural Biology and features a Research Article that describes how the interaction between proteins that bind ankyrin repeat domains may be like that of a key with a lock (the ankyrin repeat domain as the lock and its partner as the key). The image shows the ankyrin repeats of the protein ANKRA2 interacting with the teeth of a key. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_226.txt,vitg,5_226.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that reveals how disease-associated mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum–localized Ca2+ sensor STIM1 alter its conformation and disrupt Ca2+ ion binding. The image is a snapshot from molecular dynamics simulations showing the Ca2+ ions around the canonical EF hand (red ribbons), noncanonical EF hand (violet ribbons), and SAM domain (orange ribbons) of STIM1. The Ca2+ ions surrounding the canonical EF hand, noncanonical EF hand, and SAM domain are represented by red, green, and white circles, respectively. [Image: Schober et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_608.txt,vith,12_608.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_1.png,C,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_1,29_3.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"Starships are giant transposons found in fungi that mobilize genes as cargo
both within and between fungal genomes. In this issue, Andrew Urquhart, Aaron Vogan
and Emile Gluck-Thaler argue that Starships provide an unprecedented opportunity to
understand the genetic bases of fungal adaptation. Illustration by Oen Gregory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_1.txt,groundtruth,40_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,clip,31_7.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_10.png,D,"The realization of metasurfaces on unconventional materials can enable advances in integrated optoelectronics and high-temperature photonics. Highlighted on the cover, the front image depicts a plasmonic metasurface made from single-crystalline titanium nitride thin films and its optical intensity profiles in the near-field and far-field regimes. The background image represents large-area patterning of a range of different titanium nitride metasurfaces designed by an evolutionary algorithm that can be prototyped on a single substrate. The highlighted metasurface consists of an array of anisotropic nanoholes that enable dynamic switching between two different focal points (blue and red) by changing the polarization state of incident light. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00955. Image courtesy of Teri W. Odom",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2017_10.txt,ave_1,2017_10.txt,"The cover illustrates thin, mechanically flexible opto-fluidic fluorescence sensors based on heterogeneously integrated microscale vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (micro-VCSELs) and silicon photodiodes (Si-PDs) on plastics. Lithographically defined optical isolation trenches and multilayer-based wavelength- and angle-selective spectral filters effectively blocked the excitation light to the Si-PD to significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and detection limit. The large-area, optoelectronic fluorescence sensors with monolithically integrated elastomeric fluidic channels on a flexible substrate enabled multiplexed sensing of fluorescent analytes in a real-time, continuous manner. See DOI:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00080. Image courtesy of Jongseung Yoon and Dongseok Kang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_7.txt,vitg,2016_7.txt,"We celebrate 20 years of photonics with a cohort of exciting Perspectives from leading researchers. As we enter 2021, the achievements of the last 20 years that are detailed in this issue?s Perspectives can give us inspiration to imagine what our field will be writing about and discussing in 2040.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,"The roadmap for optical metasurfaces highlights unique opportunities for the field when strong scientific achievements coincide with substantial industrial demand, driving metasurface research and technology development toward its future impact.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_781,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_781.png,A,"ONLINE COVER A Noble Pursuit. The cover image shows brain microglia (green) in an intermediate activation state engaging with amyloid plaques (white) in brain tissue from a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglia were induced to transition to an intermediate activation state by exposing mice with AD pathology to the anesthetic xenon (Brandao et al.). Xenon, a noble gas, crossed the blood-brain barrier of the mice and promoted microglial activation through interferon-γ signaling. Inhalation of xenon enhanced amyloid plaque compaction in the mouse brain, reduced the number of dystrophic neurites, reduced brain atrophy, and slowed neurodegeneration in three different mouse models of AD. Xenon shows promise as a potential therapeutic for treating AD. Credit: Brandao et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_781.txt,groundtruth,17_781.txt,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,"ONLINE COVER Neurons, the cells that degenerate in numerous neurological diseases, among them Parkinson's disease. This issue of Science Translational Medicine features a historical essay about translational medicine pioneer Arvid Carlsson. His discovery of the utility of L-dopa for treatment of Parkinson's disease still forms the basis of treatment today. Improved methods to deliver L-dopa by gene therapy are being explored, as reported in a Research Article by Jarraya et al. and discussed by Björklund et al. in a Perspective. [Credit: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Curbing Complement. Shown is a confocal image from the brain of a TauP301S mouse, which develops a complement-associated neurodegenerative disease modeling tauopathies like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This mouse received intracranial injections of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing genes encoding the neuronal pentraxin, Nptx2 (stained in red), and green fluorescent protein. Glial fibrillary acidic protein staining is shown in white. Here, Zhou et al. identified Nptx2 as a regulator of the complement cascade in the brain. AAV-mediated overexpression of the gene encoding Nptx2 resulted in reduced complement activity and synapse loss in TauP301S mice, suggesting that targeting complement through Nptx2 may represent a therapeutic option for patients with AD, FTD, and other complement-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Credit: Jiechao Zhou and Borislav Dejanovic",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/15_689.txt,vith,15_689.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_4.png,B,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,ave_1,12_1.txt,"Arctic erosion reduces ocean CO2 sink
Permafrost melting is linked to a number of reinforcing feedback processes accelerating warming. Writing in this issue, Nielsen and colleagues study how increased rates of Arctic coastal erosion, due to permafrost melt, affect Arctic Ocean biogeochemical cycling in an Earth system model. They find that greater terrestrial carbon input limits the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that the ocean can sequester, leading to amplified warming.
See Nielsen et al. and News & Views by Manizza
Image: Jenni Schurr and David M. Nielsen. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_4.txt,groundtruth,14_4.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,clip,11_9.txt,"The breadth and depth of ocean change
Climate change impacts on global oceans are varied, far-reaching and severe. In our Editorial we discuss work featured in this issue of Nature Climate Change, which ranges from the surface to the ocean depths, through physical changes and biological impacts, and encompasses scales from the sub-cellular to the global.
See Editorial.
Image: Olena Holubova / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_3.txt,vitg,12_3.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_9.png,A,The generalized cavity molecular dynamics scheme can efficiently simulate vibrational strong coupling for a layer of molecules confined in Fabry–Pérot optical cavities by sampling a collection of molecular ensembles in a grid.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,vith,2020_8.txt,"The cover art features a snapshot of trifold hydrogen-bonded supramolecular fibers modeled by a coarse-grained force-field. Although they are stable experimentally, during simulation, they rearrange into unordered aggregates. In their article, Piskorz et al. investigate how the choice of the force-field affects the stability and self-assembly process of these fibers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_12.txt,ave_1,2022_12.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_10.png,A,"Women in Neuroimmunology
March is Women’s History Month. This month’s issue celebrates the contributions of female neuroimmunologists.
For more information, see the Women in Immunology Collection
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo & Kiyoshi Takahase Segundo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,"Focus on Women in Immunology
March is Women’s History Month. This month’s issue celebrates the contributions of women in immunology by presenting specially commissioned content, including World Views, from women across the globe.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/women-in-immunology
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_10.txt,clip,21_10.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_3,6_6.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_9.png,C,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"This image illustrates the formation of a uniform film containing a high density of π-stacked helical poly(quinoline-2,3-diylmethylene) with cysteine derivatives at the chain ends on a Au substrate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_20.png,A,"In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. Silanes TMSCF2X (TMS = trimethylsilyl and X = Br, F, and Cl) have stood out as privileged among all known difluorocarbene reagents, owing to their rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions (such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at a wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents). As shown in the cover picture, the dandelion (TMSCF2X) can easily release its seeds (:CF2) in different environments (under different reaction conditions), and the seeds (:CF2) have strong vitality (suitable for a wide range of reactions).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"Sonoluminescence from a cloud of bubbles in sulfuric acid containing fluorescein sulfonic acid. The light emission is created during acoustic cavitation, i.e., formation, growth and collapse of bubbles in liquids irradiated with",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_4.txt,vitg,2018_4.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,"Despite their fundamental nature, many transition metal carbonyl cations (TMCCs) are only observed in the gas phase. The handling of these reactive cations in the condensed phase required the development of specialized pseudo-gas-phase conditions",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_5.txt,vith,2023_5.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2025_1.png,C,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,The front cover by postgraduate student Kemi Oloyede at Imperial College London is part of the Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Water 2022 Excellence in Review Award for their exceptionally high quality, frequent, timely and professional reviews!  The journal team also thanks the entire global team of high-quality, enthusiastic and dedicated expert reviewers who support the journal by upholding rigor in scholarly publishing, and underpin the journal's success.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_7.png,C,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_10.txt,ave_1,32_10.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,clip,32_11.txt,"Transgenesis emerges as a promising approach for combating malaria
by targeting the parasite in the mosquito vectors. Through genome editing tools,
researchers have managed to generate genetically engineered mosquitoes that exhibit
significant resistance to the malaria parasites. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Kefi
et al. review the current literature of the available transgenic methodologies to generate
Plasmodium-refractory Anopheles vectors and discuss both advances and challenges
to be overcome for their practical application. The cover image shows a transgenic
mosquito expressing the GFP reporter gene (green color) under the 3XP3 promoter that
drives the transgene expression in the optic nerves and the eyes. Image credit: Yuemei
Dong (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_7.txt,groundtruth,40_7.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,ave_2,33_7.txt,train
Joule,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_8.png,D,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,vith,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: The prevailing perovskite solar cells employ Pb-based organic-inorganic
halide perovskites as light absorbers, raising concerns regarding their inevitable
toxicity and instability. In this issue of Joule, Chen, Zhou, Padture, et al. (pp. 558–570) utilize the nontoxic and earth-abundant
element Ti to replace Pb in making planar-heterojunction solar cells with Cs2TiBr6 perovskite. In the cover image, the green Ti atoms flow into the crystal structures
to replace toxic Pb atoms, creating vacancy-ordered double perovskites. Such solar
cells show stable efficiency and high open-circuit voltage (>1 V), which can be used
to generate electricity from sunlight. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_10.txt,ave_3,2_10.txt,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module
(f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability
of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL
effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property,
greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables
a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit
: Da Seul Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_17.png,A,"On the cover: “Break the cocoon into a butterfly”: a diagrammatic representation of
cell fate transitions during trans-differentiation in the mouse embryo. The intact
cocoon, broken cocoon, and flying butterfly represent initial, transition, and terminal
states of trans-differentiation, respectively. Breaking the cocoon represents a lineage
barrier being overcome, triggered by certain stresses, such as inflammatory signal-mediated
developmental stress. To learn more about the role of inflammatory signaling in triggering
trans-differentiation events in the mouse embryo, see Zhang et al. Image credit: Feng Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_17.txt,groundtruth,59_17.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_2,57_15.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,vith,56_2.txt,test
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.png,A,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,ave_3,2023_11.txt,train
One Earth,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/8_1.png,B,"On the cover: California is home to expansive, water-intensive industrial agriculture.
As the state faced severe drought in the 2010s, industry remained buoyed by unjust
water rights. Farms grew food for the world's wealthy while neighboring families suffered
without access to water for drinking and bathing. In Guilded Valley, Tali Weinberg uses weaving to transform found images of lush agricultural landscapes
into drought-stricken fields. As the state faces more frequent droughts, this work
questions systems that protect industry while leaving communities ever-more vulnerable
to the worsening climate crisis. Cover by Tali Weinberg (https://www.taliweinberg.com), courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/4_5.txt,ave_1,4_5.txt,"On the cover: Mangroves are crucial carbon sinks, yet these vital ecosystems are being
lost at an alarming rate. The primary driver of this decline is aquaculture, particularly
the conversion of mangrove forests into shrimp farms. In this month's issue, Yufeng
Jiang and colleagues show that 60% of China and Southeast Asia's lost mangroves can
be feasibly restored, with substantial ecological benefits. Cover image: Getty, Suriyapong
Thongsawang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"On the cover: Clean water is vital to the health of our planet, yet increasing anthropogenic
pressures threaten this precious resource. Here, the graceful swirls of an algae bloom
reveal a water system imperiled by agricultural runoff, with consequences for biodiversity
and human health. Anton Petrus for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_10.txt,vith,7_10.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,15_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/15_1.png,A,"Observing a smoother Arctic
As sea ice moves around it can experience deformation and form pressure ridges, which in turn can affect the atmospheric circulation and support ecosystems. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Krumpen and colleagues use airborne observations to show that the number of pressure ridges has declined in recent decades, mainly due to a loss of older ice.
See Krumpen et al. and News & Views Maksym
Image: Andreas Preusser, Alfred Wegener Institute. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/15_1.txt,groundtruth,15_1.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,vitg,12_1.txt,"Glacier response to ice-shelf melt
Ice loss from Antarctica is sensitive to changes in ice shelves, including the Ross Ice Shelf as shown on the cover. Finite-element modelling reveals that localized ice-shelf thinning, particularly in locations vulnerable to warm-water intrusion, can have far-reaching impacts across the entire shelf via tele-buttressing.
See Reese et al. and News & Views by Gagliardini.
Image: André Gilden/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_12.txt,clip,8_12.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,vith,11_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_12.png,C,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,vitg,2_6.txt,"The motions of the heart are regulated by electrophysiological signals, which can be monitored and altered by bioelectronic devices for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, soft bioelectronic devices, composed of deformable and conductive materials, can be implanted or designed as wearable devices to enable conformal contact with heart tissue or the skin for real-time and precise diagnosis and treatment. See Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_12.txt,groundtruth,2_12.txt,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,train
ACS Engineering Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.png,A,"Driven by readily available renewable energy, the direct electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes via Joule heating provides a promising route for decarbonization, shows potential to overcome heat transfer limitations, and enables process intensification by the design of compact reactors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Selective catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) exhibit low ethane and ethylene (C2) productivity due to their limited activity. More active catalysts, on the other hand, often suffer from a low selectivity, resulting in pronounced carbon oxide formation. In this work, we try to combine the best of both worlds in adiabatic layered packed-bed reactors, with an active catalyst upstream of a more selective one, as an optimal solution to enhance the C2 productivity in the OCM process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2021_2.txt,vitg,2021_2.txt,Frontier orbital energies of small organic molecules can be represented using knowledge-based and struct,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_3.txt,clip,2022_3.txt,"This work presents the sustainable green solvent engineering for the synthesis of REWO (RE = Ce, Sm, Gd) nanoparticles, which are modified disposable screenprinted carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene in real-time analysis of water samples.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_381,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_381.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week, Dolan et al. report that the coordinated mass secretion of mucus by goblet cells and ion transport by enterocytes drive crypt purging in the small intestine. The image is a colorized electron micrograph of a section through the duodenum showing a goblet cell filled with mucus granules and flanked by enterocytes. Credit: SPL/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_752.txt,vitg,15_752.txt,"COVER This week features an Editorial Guide on new approaches to cancer therapy, as well as two Perspectives and a Review. The image depicts colon cancer progression. [Image: Adapted from an image from the National Cancer Institute; Terese Winslow (copyright 2005), U.S. Govt. has certain rights]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_381.txt,groundtruth,2007_381.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how activation of cannabinoid 1 receptors prevents insulin receptors from promoting β-cell survival in the pancreas. The image shows a medical illustration of the human body with the pancreas highlighted. [Image: Fotosearch],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_216.txt,clip,5_216.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that identified a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and a receptor that contribute to abdominal pain in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The authors found that the PUFA 5-oxoETE was more abundant in the colons of IBS patients with constipation than in those of healthy donors, that 5-oxoETE induced pain in mice, and that mice deficient in the receptor Mrgprd were less sensitive to the effects of 5-oxoETE. The image shows a mouse dorsal root ganglion expressing Mrgprd (green). [Image: Bautzova et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_561.txt,vith,11_561.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_100,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_100.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Glycoengineering the Tip of the Spear. This month’s cover depicts cellular soldiers (blue myeloid cells at the left and green T cells at the right) rushing to battle cancer cells. Leading the charge is an Fc-enhanced form of an anti–PD-L1 checkpoint blockade antibody. Using mice humanized to express human Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), Saban et al. found that the in vivo antitumor activity of anti–PD-L1 antibodies was enhanced by removing fucose residues from glycans on the human IgG1 Fc region to promote binding to activating FcγRs on myeloid cells. Treatment with afucosylated anti–PD-L1 enabled depletion of immunosuppressive PD-L1+ cells in the tumor microenvironment and blocked inhibitory signaling in PD-1+ T cells. These findings suggest that modifications in the Fc scaffold of currently used anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy drugs could yield a boost in their antitumor activity. Credit: Marzia Munafò",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_81.txt,vitg,8_81.txt,ONLINE COVER Monitoring Anticommensal Antibodies. This month's cover illustration is a scanning electron micrograph of human feces in which individual commensal bacteria have been colorized to highlight the range of different species present. Paun et al. report development of an assay platform to detect serum anticommensal antibodies that correlate with development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This assay enabled identification of changes in the titer of anticommensal antibodies that exhibit an HLA-dependent association with progression to type 1 diabetes in prediabetic children with islet autoantibodies. [CREDIT: STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_32.txt,vith,4_32.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER Sex-Biased Gene Regulation in T Cells. In females, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) represses gene expression from one X chromosome to balance gene dosage between the sexes. This process is controlled by the long noncoding RNA Xist, which coats the inactive X chromosome and promotes epigenetic gene silencing. Forsyth et al. studied XCI in mouse and human T cells, a process that is much more dynamic in T cells than in most other somatic cells. NF-κB signaling downstream of the T cell receptor was required for the localization of Xist to the inactive X chromosome and the maintenance of XCI after T cell activation. This month’s cover illustration depicts Xist (orange) localizing to the inactive X chromosome on the right. Credit: Noelle Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_100.txt,groundtruth,9_100.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.png,C,"Gastroenterology and the environment, inspired by the Editorial on p339, the Perspective on p399 and the Comment on p340.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_7.txt,clip,20_7.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,vitg,18_6.txt,"Monitoring coeliac disease, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guidelines on p198.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,"Tackling thrombotic events, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guideline on p857.
Cover design: R.Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_1.txt,vith,18_1.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_2.png,A,"The numerous alleles of the complementary sex determiner (csd) gene form
the basis of sex determination in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). In this issue, Jana Seiler
and Martin Beye review how different and identical csd alleles form a sex determination
signal and how this realizes sexual differentiation in downstream pathways. They also
discuss how mutation and selection have shaped the evolution and function of the
complementary sex determination system. Photograph by Christian Verhoeven.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_2.txt,groundtruth,40_2.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_1,29_3.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,vith,31_7.txt,val
Developmental Cell,59_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_8.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,vitg,57_15.txt,"On the cover: The cover features three overlaid images of rice seed embryos during
germination using three methodologies: cell wall staining image generated during Stereo-seq
sequencing (lower, white image); automatic cell segmentation using a self-trained
model (middle, colored image); in situ spatial gene expression map of the rice embryo achieved through cell segmentation
(top, colored image), with the same colors representing cells identified as the same
cluster in unsupervised learning. The design of the cover image highlights the crucial
data production stages in our article. To learn more about the spatiotemporal transcriptome
of the rice embryo and the roles of different cell types in seed germination, see
Yao et al. Image credit: Jie Yao and Longjiang Fan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_8.txt,groundtruth,59_8.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_5.png,B,ptamer,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_37.txt,clip,2024_37.txt,GPx4-mediated ferroptosis is a crucial mechanism in cellular oxidative stress responses. A field-deployable luciferase-based reporter sensor system was developed and used for  non-invasive detection of GPx4 expression in response to ferroptosis modulators in live mammalian cells.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"are acquired by developing novel amorphous nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC) nanocages (NCs), The delocalized carbon-conjugated systems of graphitic-N, pyrrole-N, and pyridine-N with lone pair electrons increase the electronic density of states and reduce the electron localization function of NDC NCs, thereby promoting the charge transfer process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2023_42.txt,vith,2023_42.txt,）,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_31.txt,vitg,2022_31.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.png,B,"‘Astrocytes and neurodegeneration’, inspired by the Review on p23.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_12.txt,vitg,24_12.txt,"‘SARS-CoV-2 and the brain’, inspired by the Review on p30.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"‘Viral tools’ inspired by the Review on p669.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_1.txt,ave_2,21_1.txt,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,val
Macromolecules,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_19.png,D,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"UV degradable plastics are synthesized by incorporating phenacyl ester derivatives as either monomers or cross-linkers. These materials undergo complete degradation upon UV exposure, producing acidic byproducts that can be harnessed for other beneficial reactions. The depiction of a plastic bottle decomposing was generated by Dall-E 2.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,train
Current Biology,34_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_18.png,C,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia
called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for
walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell.
Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane
potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate
the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently.
SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_21.txt,vith,34_21.txt,"On the cover: Dedicated stress response pathways help cells adjust to environmental
and cellular stresses. In this issue, Chen and McDonald show that an intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response helps Drosophila border cells migrate collectively in the ovary during oogenesis. This image shows
a dispersed ovary with strings of progressively developing egg chambers. The cell
nuclei are labeled in gold and the cell membranes and the ovary's muscle sheath are
labeled in magenta. Inside each egg chamber, border cells, labeled in blue, migrate
during mid-oogenesis to reach the oocyte, the large brown cell. Image by Yujun Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_18.txt,groundtruth,34_18.txt,"On the cover: Images of Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin), Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt), and Urechis caupo (innkeeper worm) meiotic and mitotic embryos stained for tubulin (orange) and DNA
(cyan). Cell size and shape vary across species and within multicellular organisms,
which correlates with changes in spindle size and shape to accomplish accurate division.
In their “spindle zoo” paper, Crowder et al. (pages 1542–1550) analyze mitotic and
meiotic spindles from a variety of animal species. They report that mitotic spindle
length scaling to cell size is conserved during early embryogenesis across metazoans
within a shared range of cell sizes, which is not observed for female meiotic spindles
across species. These findings highlight the similarities and differences between
spindle types within an organism and across animal species. Images by Marina E. Crowder.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_14.txt,clip,25_14.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.png,C,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,Read the recent Collection on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,The front cover by postgraduate student Kemi Oloyede at Imperial College London is part of the Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_6.png,D,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,ave_0,2_3.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Default-mode network and dementia
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are associated with changes in the default-mode network (DMN), the distributed set of regions that are active when an individual is not focused on an external task or stimuli. In this issue, Ereira et al. demonstrate that altered DMN connectivity can be used to identify future dementia incidence at the individual level. The cover of the July issue alludes to the possibility of using brain activation patterns in the DMN to predict dementia and its potential for early detection and intervention.
See Ereira et al.
Image and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_6.txt,groundtruth,2_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_7.png,C,"COVER: Giant viruses, inspired by the Review on p721.
Cover design: Berkeley Lab.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"Soil viruses, inspired by the Review on p296.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_8.txt,ave_2,21_8.txt,"A path to HIV elimination and cure, inspired by the Review on p328.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_7.txt,groundtruth,22_7.txt,"The fungal cell wall, inspired by the Review on p248.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_9.txt,clip,21_9.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_10.png,C,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,ave_1,12_1.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,clip,11_9.txt,"Boreal–Arctic wetland methane emissions
Boreal–Arctic wetlands are vulnerable to climate change. Writing in this issue, Yuan and colleagues analysed two decades (2002–2021) of methane emissions from this region and show a robust increasing trend, with strong inter-annual variation. This analysis used eddy covariance and chamber observations, and highlights substantial impacts of warming and vegetation activity.
See Yuan et al. and News & Views by Christensen
Image: Jeremy Snyder, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_10.txt,groundtruth,14_10.txt,"Summer impact on peatland carbon
Northern high-latitude peatlands are an important carbon sink, but how carbon uptake changes with warming is poorly understood. In this issue, Helbig et al. show that warmer early summers over the multi-annual study period are linked to increased net carbon uptake, whereas warmer late summers are linked to decreased net carbon uptake. These findings indicate that some peatland regions, such as central Siberia, are particularly resilient carbon sinks.
See Helbig et al. and News & Views by Juutinen
Image: Soil Paparazzi / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_5.txt,ave_2,12_5.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_11.png,A,"A bispecific antibody to treat bleeding disorders
Gandhi, Zivkovic, Østergaard et al. describe a bispecific antibody, HMB-001, that can be used for the potential prophylactic treatment of patients with genetic bleeding disorders.
See Ghandhi et al.
Image: Hemab ApS, Verge Scientific. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,"Reaching out
The cover image of our first issue is a wool artwork entitled ‘Reach’, created by contemporary British artist Sarah Vaci. Reflecting the originality and courage of the artwork, Nature Cardiovascular Research aims to bring together the cardiovascular and blood community, and promote, champion and disseminate inspiring, thought-provoking and original research.
Image: Sarah Vaci. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,"Breakdown of T cell tolerance checkpoints in atherosclerosis
Wang, Zhang, Lu et al. (this issue) and Depuydt, Schaftenaar et al. (previous issue) show that atherosclerosis is a bona fide T cell autoimmune disease.
See Wang et al.
Image: Xinger Wu; cover concept: Z. Wang, X. Zhang and C. Yin. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_11.png,D,"In this issue...
Skill mix. What is it? How do we define it? What does success look like? How can you achieve success? Is it possible within the framework of the dental profession as we find it today?

This month's cover feature asks those questions - and more
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_5.txt,clip,36_5.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 1 | January
In this issue we forecast developments in four areas of dentistry, take a closer look at how a life coach is relevant to dentistry and delve into the detail of England's Long Term Workforce Plan
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_12.txt,ave_2,37_12.txt,"In this issue...
November's edition of BDJ In Practice takes a closer look at compassion and prudence in dentistry, overcoming perfectionism, the art of leadership, the practice sales market and two concurrent crises affecting oral cancer checks
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_2.txt,vitg,36_2.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 2 | February
In this issue we ask three industry experts about the art of leadership in dentistry. Check out our cover feature to see what they say!
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_11.txt,groundtruth,37_11.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_11.png,A,"As shown in our cover, different light intensities have different effects on rice, and medium light intensity can obviously prevent chlorosis of rice. This is of great importance for the factory cultivation of rice seedlings.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,ave_3,2024_5.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt,ave_2,2022_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_11.png,B,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,"In this Review, Ayzenberg and Behrmann examine the maturation of object recognition from infancy through childhood.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"In this Review, Luhmann et al. summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across time and space and consider macro-level factors that might account for these differences.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,test
Nature Electronics,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_2.png,A,"Soft electronics in 3D
Soft vias for connecting circuit layers can be created by using programmed photocuring to direct the assembly of liquid metal droplets. The photograph on the cover shows a multilayer soft circuit fabricated with the approach that can be used to sense magnetic fields and display the result by illuminating light-emitting diodes.
See Ho et al. and News & Views by Babatain
Image: Dong Hae Ho and Michael D. Bartlett, Virginia Tech. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"3D-printed soft electronics
Hydrogel-based electronic devices can be fabricated using a stretchable silver–hydrogel ink and an embedded 3D-printing technology. The photograph on the cover shows a 3D-printed conductive structure embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix.
See Hui et al.
Image: Yue Hui, Westlake University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,"Suturable sensors feel the strain
Stretchable sensors that are made from two conductive fibres in a double helical structure and with a hollow core can be directly sutured to connective tissues to wirelessly monitor strain. The computer-generated image on the cover illustrates a stretchable strain sensor with a double helical turn density of three turns per centimetre and a hollow core diameter of 500 micrometres.
See Lee et al.
Image: Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_9.txt,clip,4_9.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vith,5_4.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_5.png,D,Cover illustration showing a model configuration of peptide-capped Pd nanoparticle catalysts.  Studies by Bedford et al. show that minor changes in peptide amino acid content,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2015_8.txt,clip,2015_8.txt,This cover shows inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) inducing pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. MWCNTs trigger the surface tension elevation through direct interactions with surfactant and lead to autophagy dysfunction in ATII cells. Pulmonary surfactant is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for the lung fibrosis caused by MWCNTs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_49.txt,vitg,2024_49.txt,"The cover schematically shows borophene nanoribbons growing on a vicinal silver surface. Borophene nanoribbons host diverse nanoelectronic phenomena including quantum confinement, Friedel oscillations, and striped moiré patterns. The high degree of polymorphism and diverse edge topologies in borophene nanoribbons provide a rich platform for studying one-dimensional electronic states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_52.txt,ave_0,2024_52.txt,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_21.png,A,Scaling laws for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis of packed beds filled with mono-sized pebbles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,ave_1,2020_47.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_6.png,C,"Biomolecular condensates have been shown to function in diverse cellular processes
and are thus being recognized as having important roles in health and disease. In
this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, three articles center around this theme: in their Opinion article, Dr. Jeremy Schmit
and colleagues propose there are a range of interaction affinities within these condensates
that enable their dynamic behaviors; Dr. Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and colleagues
describe biomolecular condensates in cancer in their Review; and, in their Review,
Dr. James Shorter and colleagues discuss regulation of FUS- and TDP-43-containing
condensates in health and disease. Cover image source: GettyImages/ Yagi Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/46_6.txt,vith,46_6.txt,"Research for the past three decades has advanced our understanding of salicylic acid
(SA), a central hormone mediating immunity and development in plants. Recent progress
has shed light on how SA biosynthesis, signalling, transport, and metabolism are impacted
by changing abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic factors (e.g. microbiome). On pages
699-712 in this issue, Dr. Castroverde and colleagues synthesize emerging biochemical
principles and molecular paradigms in the environmental regulation of the SA pathway.
Cover image from Lesley Warren Design Group.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_5.txt,clip,48_5.txt,"Hypoxia develops when cellular or organismal demands for oxygen
exceed the oxygen supply, such as when at high altitudes. In the last few decades,
it has become apparent that sensing and responding to oxygen levels is important
for mammalian, and other multicellular organisms, physiology and pathology. In their
Opinion on pages 573–582, Dr. Ortmann and Profs. Taylor and Rocha share what
avenues of research they feel are the next pressing needs for the hypoxia community
to
address. Cover from GettyImages/Malte Mueller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_6.txt,groundtruth,49_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,test
ACS Photonics,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_4.png,C,–56. DOI:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"authored by friends and colleagues of Mark. Cover image originally appeared in volume 3, issue 7 (April 5, 2012) of J. Phys. Chem. Lett. The figure is composed of work published in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_10.txt,vith,2021_10.txt,"The theoretical efficiency limit of a solar cell increases with the mean curvature of the device, due to a higher ratio of emission area to volume and thus a lower non-radiative voltage loss. Image obtained using ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The modeling of polaritonic chemical systems relies on a manifold of methods, which typically target the realistic description of one subcomponent of the system. Generalizing such methods to achieve a complete description poses the huge theoretical challenge discussed in this perspective. Such a challenge is met by multiscale approaches.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_9.png,D,"Jobs in transition
A more sustainable economic system will have substantial effects on employment as sectors will downsize and jobs will be lost while emerging industries will need new workforce. This Focus issue highlights the likely effects of a sustainability transition on jobs and the barriers that both research and policy should overcome to facilitate such a transition.
See Focus page here
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_8.txt,ave_3,7_8.txt,"Food and energy co-production
Scaling up use of renewable energy technologies can be limited by alternative land uses. Agrawal and colleagues propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming, pictured, and show with modelling how agricultural land can be shared sustainably for food and energy co-production.
See Miskin et al.
Image: Rakesh Agrawal. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"Recovering and resourcing from manure wastewater
Recovering ammonia from manure wastewater has multiple sustainability benefits. Qin and colleagues develop an electrochemical process that allows such removal efficiently and enables the production of decentralized fertilizers and chemicals.
See Wang et al.
Credit: Matauw, Getty Images. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_11.txt,ave_2,7_11.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,train
Matter,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_10.png,A,"On the cover: To encapsulate the theme of our first annual Special Double Issue, we
invited two covers and split them across the middle (see this issue’s Editorial for the original, unaltered versions). Top: Conceptual design highlighting the critical
role of liquid metal in modulating the wetting behavior of lithium metal on solid-state
electrolyte (see Fu and colleagues). Inspiration was drawn from the technique of blending ink on xuan paper, which is
an essential step in the creation of traditional Chinese painting. The surface of
the solid-state electrolyte resembles the texture of xuan paper, exhibiting an intrinsic
lithiophobic character that impedes effective interface contact and promotes the growth
of dendrites. Bottom: One small step, one giant leap for biohybrid robots. We present
a biohybrid bipedal robot equipped with two legs and cultured skeletal muscle tissues
(see Takeuchi and colleagues). This integration of mechanical components with biological materials enables controlled
walking motions, including forward and stop motion, ultimately evolving towards the
subtle movements characteristic of human bipedal locomotion.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,"On the cover: As reported by Y.S. Zhang and colleagues in this issue of Matter, a cryobioprinting method is optimized for fabricating freeform storable tissue constructs
with shelf availability by taking advantage of the designed cryoprotective bioinks
to maintain the functionality of embedded cells during the cryobioprinting and cryostorage
processes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_11.txt,clip,5_11.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,vitg,7_6.txt,"On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to
reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed
to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress
and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary
of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across
48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors
(Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped
us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new
contributions to the materials community.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_2.png,B,"'Don't wake the sleeping giant' by Lara Crow, inspired by the Review on p611, which discusses dormancy of disseminated tumour cells.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/14_4.txt,clip,14_4.txt,"Forces that squeeze, inspired by the Review on p768.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"‘Troublesome times for wildlife’, inspired by the Review on p646
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,"Fungi in focus, inspired by the Viewpoint on p295.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_8.txt,vitg,24_8.txt,val
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_7.png,B,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"A novel aryl-piperazine derivative II-13 (MT-1207) is a potent α1 and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist that can achieve effective blood pressure reduction without damaging renal function and avoidance of the postural hypotension side effect. Currently, compound II-13, as a novel multitarget antihypertensive agent, is in phase II clinical trials in China. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_4.png,D,"On the cover: The transdifferentiation paths of erythroid precursor cells (EPCs) under
the influence of tumor is delineated from Palantir algorithm‐based single-cell transcriptomic
trajectory analysis (Long et al., 674–693), and embedded into artwork inspired by
Wassily Kandinsky's “Composition 8.” As acquired “organs,” tumors exert a self-beneficial
influence on the immune system by hijacking of erythropoiesis for myelopoiesis. Besides
exacerbating anemia, CD45+ EPCs transdifferentiation generates myeloid cells that
robustly curtail anti‐tumor immunity. Clinically, the abundance of these converted
cells predicts immune tolerance in many human tumor types and resistance to immune
checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Design and painting by Yijie Hou. Conceptual visualization
by Qi-Jing Li and Bo Zhu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_7.txt,vith,40_7.txt,"On the cover: A variety of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes have been reported
in the tumor microenvironment, but their exact function has yet to be determined.
Here, Nicolas et al. (168–184) show that, in rectal cancer, inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs)
are a major determinant of response to chemoradiotherapy, as they are prone to becoming
senescent upon treatment, thereby resulting in increased extracellular matrix (ECM)
production and therapy resistance. Consistently, preventing iCAFs polarization results
in better response to therapy. The cover summarizes how iCAF-enhanced ECM production
forms a shield around the tumor to protect it from irradiation (lightning). Cover
illustration was designed by Dirk Stähling.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_11.txt,clip,40_11.txt,"On the cover: To holistically describe and comprehensively characterize cancer cells
and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, Bagaev et al. (pp. 845–865) analyzed transcriptomes
of over 10,000 cancer patients. This led to the identification of four distinct subtypes
of tumor microenvironment that are conserved across 20 different cancers. These four
subtypes, depicted in the cover, are strongly associated with prognosis and response
to immunotherapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_7.txt,vitg,39_7.txt,"On the cover: Watson et al. integrate multi-omics approaches to investigate how the glioblastoma microenvironment
responds to different treatment interventions and discover how treatment-associated
fibrosis can protect surviving tumor cells and promote eventual recurrence. This four-part
image depicts a mouse glioblastoma with renderings of high-dimensional imaging, single-cell
RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, and spatial transcriptomics,
respectively in clockwise sequence. Credit: Spencer Watson, Anoek Zomer, and Johanna
Joyce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_10.png,A,"Robot makes oxygen from Martian meteorites
A robotic artificial intelligence (AI)-chemist is developed to synthesize oxygen-producing electrocatalysts from Martian meteorites, combining both automated experiments and theoretical simulations to identify the optimal synthetic formula for the catalyst.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Jun Jiang and Luyuan Zhao. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_10.txt,groundtruth,3_10.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,ave_3,3_11.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,clip,2_7.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_9.png,B,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,Controlling the postprandial glucose spike by increasing the rich starch crystallinity and lowering the starch digestion rate of rice-based fermented foods using a combination of heat treatment and hydrocolloid addition.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"This research shows the high efficacy of wet ball milling for modifying rice starch structure and pasting behavior, which is insightful for designing cost-effective mechanical processes for rice starch-based foods.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_8.txt,vith,2021_8.txt,"Optimizing brewing conditions to enhance probiotic viability in beer: Twenty-one lactic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic properties were tested for resilience against ethanol and hops, with certain strains thriving in Gueuze-style sour beer. Findings indicate that alternative methods are required to support probiotic viability in hopped beers. This cover image was created using Canva AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_3.png,A,"On the cover: Clustering and cell type annotation results of Stereo-seq soybean root
data using raw data with added noise and data denoised using SpotGF. In this issue
of Cell Systems, Du et al. introduce SpotGF, a method for denoising spatially resolved transcriptomics data
via an optimal transport-based gene filtering algorithm. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_3.txt,groundtruth,15_3.txt,"On the cover: An image of a developing Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM) collected using live-cell confocal microscopy. The plasma
membrane is fluorescently labeled. In this issue of Cell Systems, Matthew Jackson, George Bassel, and their colleagues (53–65) show that in Arabidopsis, local rules governing cell division during early SAM development can produce the
globally ordered tissues observed in later stages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_6.txt,ave_2,8_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Cells occupy a diverse range of single cell states. In this issue of
Cell Systems, a team from the Allen Institute for Cell Science (Gerbin et al., 670–687) classified
thousands of single cells to quantify the relationship between cell organization and
gene expression. Here, the diversity of cell organization and gene expression is shown
in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, where the sarcomere is labeled with alpha-actinin-2-mEGFP
(white). Cells are colored by the combined organizational score. Image credit: Thao
Do and the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/12_7.txt,vith,12_7.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_1.png,C,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,"The ups and downs of cluster gas
The presence of cold gas in the centre of some galaxy clusters raises questions about its origin. Through a radiation-hydrodynamic simulation of active galactic nucleus feedback in such a cluster, Qiu et al. show that initially hot outflows can cool radiatively, forming extended filaments that resemble those observed.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Yu Qiu, KIAA-PKU/Georgia Tech Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"Galaxies from wherever flock together
Streamlines trace the motions of galaxies through the Universe from their modern-day locations to the potential minima of basins of attraction.
See Valade et al.
Image: Daniel Pomarède, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_4.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_12.txt,vitg,23_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p739
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_2.txt,clip,24_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p4
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_12.txt,vith,24_12.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_5.png,C,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,"Cytokine biopharmaceuticals are promising anti-cancer therapeutics. However, clinical use has been hampered as a result of early-onset toxicity arising upon the interaction with their receptors in blood. Ideally, cytokine therapeutics would display biological activity only at the tumor site. Here, we review novel strategies that, by acting like a cork on a bottle, achieve “activity on demand",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Polymeric micelles offer an attractive platform to address some of the challenges faced in delivery of therapeutic agents. Maintaining the stability of the drug loaded micellar constructs upon dilution which occurs during intravenous administration is crucial. Sanyal and coworkers report a stable targeted micellar construct fabricated through cross-linking of dendron–polymer conjugates. The cover image illustrates the stability of cross-linked micelles during their journey to the cancer cells, compared to premature release from their non-cross-linked counterparts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2019_9.txt,vith,2019_9.txt,train
Structure,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_10.png,A,"On the cover: Pestiviruses bear substantial economic importance within the domain
of viruses affecting livestock. Among them, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) and
Norway rat pestivirus (NRPV) exhibit relatively low sequence conservation in their
surface glycoprotein E2. Aitkenhead et al.'s work delves into describing the structures of these proteins. These glycoproteins
serve as the primary target for neutralizing antibodies, and they play crucial roles
in cell attachment and the process of viral fusion. Image courtesy of Kamel El Omari.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image is a structural model of the human protease-activated
receptor 1 (PAR1). The structural regions changing energetic and mechanical properties
upon binding of the strong antagonist vorapaxar (green) are colored using heat representations.
See Spoerri et al., pp. 829–838. Cover credit: Patrizia Spoerri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/26_7.txt,vith,26_7.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,val
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.png,B,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"Hardware-aware neural architecture search is a useful tool to design efficient in-memory computing hardware for deep-learning accelerators. The cover image highlights a successful combination. SeeKrestinskaya et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.txt,groundtruth,1_7.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,vitg,1_11.txt,val
ACS Macro Letters,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_10.png,C,Numerical simulations of block copolymer membrane formation via self-assembly and nonsolvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) reveal a striking dependence of membrane morphology on the solvent and nonsolvent block selectivities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_12.txt,vith,2023_12.txt,Protein coronas influence the specific targeting of functionalized polymer particles. See page 1259. Image courtesy of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2015_2.txt,clip,2015_2.txt,The more stretched bridging blocks and higher network connectivity in the self-assembled structure by the ABA triblock copolymer enable its superior mechanical performance over that by the ABC counterpart with a higher fraction of bridging block. Image Courtesy of Weihua Li.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Dynamic covalent bonds can be incorporated into polymer networks for a host of applications. In this Viewpoint, Evans and coworkers describe the outlook for this class of polymers and highlight key questions regarding how dynamic bonds impact self-assembly, viscoelasticity, and functionality of dynamic polymer networks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_12.png,B,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,"A mild photochemical etching strategy was designed to induce nitrogen vacancies at the center of heptazine rings over g-C3N4 holey nanosheets, which enhance CO2 photoreduction via delocalized π electron clouds with tunable electronic structures and mid-gap states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_12.png,D,"How cold temperature prolongs C. elegans lifespan
Lee et al. show that cold temperatures delay ageing of germ stem cells and extend the fertility period of C. elegans. The cover image shows worms with coloured somatic tissues and germ line, including oocytes and fertilized eggs ready to be laid and hatched.
See Lee et al.
Image: Ricardo Gutierrez-Garcia. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Shedding light on carbon fixation
Cyanobacteria are subjected to fast light–dark cycles in large bodies of water as they circulate from illuminated to dark areas in short periods of time. In this issue of Nature Metabolism, Lu, Chang, et al. provide insight into the mechanisms through which cyanobacteria adapt their metabolic networks to switch from carbon fixation to carbon oxidation in these rapid oscillations. The image depicts lighter and darker areas in a large body of water.
See Lu, Chang et al.
Image: George Pachantouris / Getty Images. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_6.txt,vith,5_6.txt,"Embryonic metabolism
The metabolic landscape of early murine embryo development is reconstructed, which provides insight into the metabolic processes associated with the transition of cells from totipotency to pluripotency.
See Zhao, Yao, Yu, Zhang, Xu et al.
Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_3.txt,vitg,3_3.txt,"FASN cuts stress
In this issue of Nature Metabolism, Wei et al. identify a non-fatty acid synthesis function for FASN in suppressing diverse aspects of stress responses through a mechanism that involves FASN cleavage. Depicted are anesthetized C. elegans following stressful conditions.
See Wei et al.
Image: Hai Wei, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_394,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_394.png,A,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Undergraduate Education, contains an Editorial Guide as well as three Teaching Resources and the inaugural article for the new STKE Journal Club. [Classroom Image: Jupiter Images]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_394.txt,groundtruth,2007_394.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week Science Signaling features a Focus Issue highlighting endocrine signaling in human health. The Meeting Report describes highlights from the ""New Inroads to Child Health Conference"" that bridged the gap from basic science to treating and understanding human disease by bringing together basic researchers studying the molecular effects of hormone action and pediatric endocrinologist clinicians. [Image: Thinkstock]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_143.txt,ave_3,3_143.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week launches the first of three issues containing Teaching Resources related to a course in systems biology. The first Teaching Resource in this set provides an overview of the need for such a course and the objectives and organization of such a course taught at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY. [Image: Fotosearch]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_190.txt,clip,4_190.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Meeting Report on a conference that was held in Hamburg, Germany, from 14 to 17 September 2008, on signaling mechanisms mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites. [Image: Kevin Forest, Getty Images]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_57.txt,ave_2,2_57.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_2.png,C,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"There have been many recent advancements in regulating microenvironments to enhance CO2 conversion, focusing on copper-based catalysts, featuring strategies like single-atom catalyst design, particle size/facets/morphology control, confinement effects, and interfacial engineering to optimize active site density, control reactant/intermediate concentrations, and promote charge transfer processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_9.png,B,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,"Predicting the impact of wildfires
In recent years, the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased due to the effects of climate change. To date, many established wildfire policies have been ineffective, and alternative approaches are therefore needed in order to reduce the damage caused by such wildfire events. In this issue, Hussam Mahmoud suggests that future wildfire models should take inspiration from epidemic network modeling to predict the damage to individual buildings, as well as to improve our understanding of the impact of different mitigation strategies on the community as a whole.
See Mahmoud
Image: Nitat Termmee / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Opportunities for machine learning in chemical reaction networks
In this issue, Mingjian Wen, Kristin Persson and colleagues survey the different computational strategies available for chemical reaction network construction and analysis in a variety of applications, such as natural language processing and reaction property prediction. The opportunities for machine learning approaches, as well as the challenges that must still be overcome, are also discussed.
See Wen et al.
Image: Jonathan Kitchen / DigitalVision / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,train
iScience,27_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_5.png,C,"On the cover: Super enhancers that determine muscle cell identity are cut, looped,
and pasted into an infinite Möbius strip. Gryder et al. report that enhancer logic
of the muscle lineage is miswired into an ”infinite loop” in the childhood cancer
rhabdomyosarcoma. Illustration by Berkley Gryder. See Gryder et al., vol. 23, 2020.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_7.txt,vith,23_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"On the cover: This image is a representation of the work by Jones et al. at the University of Birmingham, uncovering the mechanism of replisome disassembly
in human cells. Key to DNA replication is the MCM2-7 ring helicase complex, which
promotes DNA unwinding and is thus the main focus of the image. Upon DNA replication
termination, the ubiquitin ligase CUL2-LRR1 forms chains of ubiquitin (black circles)
on MCM7. CUL2-LRR1 has an elongated structure and is shown beneath the MCM2-7 ring,
representing branches of a tree at the forefront. The ubiquitin chains are subsequently
recognized by the unfoldase complex, p97, which is seen at the bottom right of the
image, slightly out of view, and resembles a treetop. Finally, we have included the
most iconic building of our campus in this image, the free-standing clock tower, Old
Joe. Many University events have been held around Old Joe, including fairs; hence,
the MCM2-7 ring complex here resembles one of the most celebrated fairground rides,
the Ferris Wheel. Image credit: Agnieszka Gambus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_5.txt,groundtruth,27_5.txt,"On the cover: The waves and water balloons represent transfected neoblasts in vitro expressing exogenous NanoLuc mRNA. The dark sky is full of black holes, indicating
unknown mysteries in the planarian research field. The tree with fresh leaves in the
river stands for the tremendous efforts and strides in the field. The black holes
remaining to be filled indicate requirements for new tools to study the unknown mysteries
in planarians. Image credit: Kai Lei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_10.txt,clip,26_10.txt,test
Nature Metabolism,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_1.png,D,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,ave_2,6_5.txt,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"Inuit genetic variants
4% of the Inuit population from snowy Greenland (pictured) are homozygous for a specific TBC1D4 loss-of-function variant, which leads to skeletal muscle insulin resistance but allows for a normal metabolic response to exercise.
See Kristensen, J. M., Kjøbsted, R. et al.
Image: Wirestock, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_25,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_25.png,D,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,This study proposes a ranking framework by introducing Biochar Quality Index scores based on selected quality parameters and application thereof for adsorptive removal of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from water matrices.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_25.txt,groundtruth,2024_25.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_12.png,C,"A single-cell microgel is an individual cell coated in a micrometer-thin hydrogel
network, also called a microgel. The cells can interact with their cellular microniche
in a 3D manner, as indicated by the yellow highlights surrounding the cell in the
opened-up microgel positioned in the front. In pages 850–865 of this issue, Kamperman
and colleagues discuss single-cell microgels, which are expected to advance the bioengineering
of tissues, screening of drugs, and analysis of cell behavior with high throughput
at single-cell resolution. The cover image was conceived by Tom Kamperman and Jeroen
Leijten, and created by Demcon Nymus3D.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_5.txt,vith,36_5.txt,"A joint special issue between Cell Stem Cell and Trends in Biotechnology features a series of Reviews and Opinion articles discussing the progress, remaining
challenges, and future opportunities in tissue engineering. Articles about technological
advances and applications in creating high-fidelity tissue models highlight the strengthening
bond between stem cell technology and bioengineering. The cover image celebrates recent
advances towards the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs including
biofabrication (left) and functionalized scaffolds (right), and was conceived by Anh
Nguyen and Matt Pavlovich and created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_10.txt,vitg,36_10.txt,"Mechanical cues play a significant role in wound healing.
In pages 31−42 of this issue, Chang and colleagues discuss cutting-edge advances
in hydrogel-based mechanically active dressings that enable stimuli-responsive
contraction to promote wound closure and healing. Additionally, insightful opinions
on
the future development of mechanically active dressings for personalized wound care
are proposed. Cover image from Le Chang, Huicong Du, Feng Xu, Cuixiang Xu, and
Hao Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"On pages 10–19, SavasTasoglu and Utkan Demirci review recent achievements with bioprinting
technologies in stem cell research. Bioprinting technologies can be used to create
spatially defined gradients of immobilized proteins that direct stem cell differentiation.
The cover image shows the process of bioprinting where droplets that contain cells
and proteins are patterned on a surface and in 3D. The image was made by Savas Tasoglu
and cover designed by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_13.txt,clip,31_13.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.png,C,"The fungal cell wall, inspired by the Review on p248.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_9.txt,vitg,21_9.txt,"Tackling bacterial antimicrobial resistance, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.txt,ave_2,22_3.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"‘Some like it hot’, inspired by the article on p271
Cover design: Phil Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/17_8.txt,clip,17_8.txt,val
Structure,32_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_8.png,A,"On the cover: The cover image from our Voices author Helen Ginn shows a representation of the symbiosis between computing and structural biology.
Visualization of the nanoscale natural world was made possible only after the advent
of computers. The use of computers allows us to build, visualize, and interrogate
conceptual models of the otherwise unobservable. Structural biology shows us the questions
we need to learn how to answer. Structural biology is forever intertwined with the
computational development of algorithms to help answer these fundamental question.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_8.txt,groundtruth,32_8.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows four images of different structures formed by the retromer
protein complex, together with a schematic model of how one retromer structure may
orient itself with respect to endosomal membranes. Kendall et al. (393–405) used single-particle
cryo-EM studies to visualize these structures, which suggest that the retromer may
function as a plastic and adaptable scaffold in cells. Cover art by Amy Kendall and
Lauren Jackson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_9.txt,ave_3,28_9.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.png,B,"Hardware-aware neural architecture search is a useful tool to design efficient in-memory computing hardware for deep-learning accelerators. The cover image highlights a successful combination. SeeKrestinskaya et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,groundtruth,1_8.txt,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,vitg,1_11.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,test
Biophysical Reports,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_2.png,A,"On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user
interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule
spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"On the cover: Super-resolved image of the microtubules in HEK293T cells for dSTORM imaging in
a fiber-based, square-shaped flat-field setup. Super-resolution microscopy allows
complex biological assemblies to be observed with remarkable resolution. However,
the presence of uneven Gaussian-shaped illumination hinders its use in quantitative
imaging or high-throughput assays. Methods developed to circumvent this problem are
often expensive, hard to implement, or not applicable to total internal reflection
fluorescence imaging. Lam et al. propose a cost-effective method to overcome these
challenges by using a small square-core multimodal optical fiber as the coupler. This
method was characterized with a range of samples and illumination modes to demonstrate
its ability to produce highly uniform images under all conditions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_4.txt,vith,2_4.txt,"On the cover: Single-photon arrivals are the rawest form of data available. One by one, these
arrivals update our knowledge as to the state and dynamics of a single-molecule system
labeled with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. This cartoon highlights
the essence of a three-part manuscript appearing in Biophysical Reports (single-photon, single-molecule (sm)FRET I-III) on a single-photon smFRET framework
leveraging Bayesian nonparametrics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_4.txt,vitg,3_4.txt,"On the cover: We used a pressure vessel model to investigate the relationship between
virus shape and critical stress and found that filament formation is a way of increasing
individual virus volume without particle rupture. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100181.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,test
Lab Animal,53_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_9.png,A,"In vivo modeling of postpartum hemorrhage
Severe bleeding after childbirth – postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Several animal models have been developed for testing novel therapeutic materials; however, these animals differ considerably from the anatomy and physiology of a postpartum woman. In a new Review, Hargett, Leslie et al. critically evaluate available animal models of PPH and propose additional methods for modeling PPH in vivo.
See Gaharwar et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_9.txt,groundtruth,53_9.txt,"Animal models of post-COVID-19 condition
Over 40% of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience lasting neurological issues; suitable animal models are needed to better understand these issues. In a new Perspective, Usai et al. provide an overview of the animal models that are available to mimic human post-COVID-19 condition, with a focus on neurological symptoms.
See Usai et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_4.txt,clip,52_4.txt,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,ave_0,53_10.txt,"50 years of Lab Animal
We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years!
See Editorial
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_2.txt,vitg,50_2.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_17.png,B,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,vith,2020_8.txt,"The extension of the Martini forcefield to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, shown in red) enables coarse-grained simulation of more representative biological systems, such as the surface of cell membranes (yellow, green) where various proteoglycans and GAG-binding receptors (blue) are depicted.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,vitg,2023_18.txt,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,clip,2023_22.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_414,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_414.png,A,COVER This week features a  Perspective that discusses how the activity of SOS is regulated by the binding of an allosteric Ras molecule. The image shows SOS and two molecules of Ras based on PDB 1nvu.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_414.txt,groundtruth,2007_414.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Perspective that describes how a ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecule regulates the splicing of an mRNA for a putative virulence gene in Clostridium difficile. The image shows the structure of cyclic-di-GMP. [Image: Yana Hammond, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_149.txt,vith,3_149.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Carden et al. report that the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 is a potential druggable host factor for inhibiting the lytic replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The image shows a molecular model of the KSHV capsid.   Credit: Louise Hughes/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_845.txt,clip,17_845.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Perspective describing how the crystal structure of the kinase mTOR bound to its partner mLST8 may inform the development of drugs targeting this key enzyme, as well as providing insights into its regulation. The image shows the kinase mTOR (blue) with its binding partner mLST8 (purple) from PDB 4JSV. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_315.txt,vitg,7_315.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_16.png,D,"The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_11.txt,vitg,2015_11.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,The cover art indicates a beautiful crystal structure of MGP with Z' = 8. The conformational diversity reminds us that the intrinsic question of crystallography is “,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2022_9.txt,ave_1,2022_9.txt,"The new 3D coordination polymer, as a result of the connection between the 2D extension of hexanuclear iron(II) motifs, which gives rise to a metamagnetic behavior, and the hysteresis loop with a high coercive field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_5.png,A,"Focus on advanced AI in biology
Advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are having a transformative impact on biological research, as explored in this special issue.
See Editorial
Image: Weiquan Lin / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is likely to revolutionize our understanding of cellular biology and is Nature Methods' pick for Method of the Year 2008. Cover design by Erin Boyle. Special feature starts on p15.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,"Method of the Year 2021: Protein structure prediction
Protein structure prediction is our Method of the Year 2021, for the recent development of deep-learning-based methods that predict structures with unprecedented accuracy. On the cover, a blizzard of protein structure models from the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/), predicted by the method AlphaFold2.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"On the cover: a cellular model learned by an artificial neural network. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on a concept by Jianzhu Ma, Samson Fong, Michael Yu and Trey Ideker. p290",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/15_9.txt,vitg,15_9.txt,test
Nature Microbiology,9_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_9.png,D,"Sticking together
Direct interaction of influenza virus with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract results in increased bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelial cells in culture and in higher bacterial burdens in vivo.
See Rowe, H. M. et al.
Image: Jason Rosch, Hannah Rowe and Aaron Pitre. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_5.txt,clip,4_5.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,"How body-fluid vesicles block viral infection
This image shows fluorescently labelled extracellular vesicles from semen (red) binding to Axl (green), a broadly expressed phosphatidylserine-binding receptor. This interaction interferes with infection by viruses exposing phosphatidylserine to exploit the immunosuppressive uptake mechanism of apoptotic membranes. Given their abundance in semen and saliva, extracellular vesicles may serve as an innate defence against sexual or oral transmission of viruses applying apoptotic mimicry such as Zika, Chikungunya or Ebola.
See Groß et al.
Credit: Hanna Reßin, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_9.txt,groundtruth,9_9.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_8.png,A,"Microdevices find their place on conformable substrates
High-density arrays of microdevices can be site-selectively integrated on conformable substrates with the help of a velocity-controlled dip-transfer coating method that selectively deposits an adhesive precursor on the surface of the devices. The photograph on the cover shows a four-by-four array of blue micro-light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) that were assembled using the approach and are wrapped around a cylindrical rod.
See Yoon et al.
Image: Hyungsoo Yoon and Sujin Jeong, Seoul National University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vith,5_4.txt,"Implantable micro-LEDs take control
Implantable optoelectronic devices, which are based on microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) and are capable of wireless power harvesting, offer precise control over their optical output for use in complex optogenetic experiments. The cover shows a photograph of one of these flexible devices balanced on a finger.
See Gutruf et al. and News & Views by Sohal
Image: Philipp Gutruf, The University of Arizona. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"Fluoride interfaces give perovskites the green light
Using mixed-dimensional perovskites that are deposited on a polymeric hole-transport layer coated with a thin layer of lithium fluoride, green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be created with external quantum efficiencies of up to 19.1%. The illustration on the cover highlights the crystal structure of the perovskite LEDs.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Baodan Zhao, Dawei Di, Richard H. Friend. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_7.png,B,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,This work shows the marriage of single atoms with nanoparticles for enhanced peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The built-in electric field assisted Co SAs for efficient PMS activation via a nonradical pathway.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,val
Trends in Cancer,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_2.png,D,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"To celebrate the 1st anniversary of Trends in Cancer, we reflect with excitement on the new frontiers shaping the cancer field landscape.
On pages 534–548 in this issue, we welcome José Baselga, Jennifer Doudna, Suzanne
Cory, Mel Greaves, Barbara Dunn and Paul Workman to hear their vision of the leading
priorities for advancing cancer research and clinical care and “ending cancer as we
know it”. Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is
bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle
cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"It was a long-held notion that cancer cells could only grow if
angiogenesis was induced. However, recent findings have shown that some forms
of cancer can grow in the absence of angiogenesis by exploiting existing vessels.
In this issue, Harris et al. review the mechanisms supporting a revision of one of
the Hallmarks of Cancer from ‘inducing angiogenesis’ to ‘inducing or accessing
the vasculature.’ Cover image design from gettyimages/MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE
PHOTO LIBRARY.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,train
Structure,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_4.png,A,"On the cover: Acid-switched antibodies with fully natural human domains can be developed
using light-chain shuffling and phage display technology. In Tulika et al., monoclonal antibodies with such pH-dependent antigen-binding properties were discovered
against snake venom toxins, which they bind at a neutral pH and release at a low pH.
Image credits: Esperanza Rivera de Torre, Monica Lisa Ines Fernandez Quintero, and
Andreas Hougaard Laustsen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image is a structural model of the human protease-activated
receptor 1 (PAR1). The structural regions changing energetic and mechanical properties
upon binding of the strong antagonist vorapaxar (green) are colored using heat representations.
See Spoerri et al., pp. 829–838. Cover credit: Patrizia Spoerri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/26_7.txt,vith,26_7.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.png,A,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.txt,vitg,2024_12.txt,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,"These illustrations convey the overall concept of realizing biodegradable, structural color pixels using exclusively Earth-abundant materials. Mg is a burgeoning choice for photonics that can enable transient",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_3.png,C,"In our December issue: articles on osteoarthritis therapies, IgG4-related disease, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and antinuclear antibody testing.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_1.txt,vith,16_1.txt,"Key advances in rheumatology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p69
Cover design: S.Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p601.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_11.png,A,"Links in a chain
The assembly of artificial cell-like structures into interconnected networks with collective functions can improve our understanding of artificial multicellularity and is a step towards the construction of artificial tissues. Now, Yiyang Lin, Stephen Mann, Yan Qiao and co-workers have shown that a population of coacervate micro-droplets can spontaneously assemble into chain-like networks self-sorted as alternating sequences (as shown in an artistic representation on the cover). These superstructures enable spatially localized catalysis, molecular translocation and biomolecular sorting.
See Mu et al.
Image: Yan Qiao, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_11.txt,groundtruth,16_11.txt,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,clip,7_10.txt,"The success of natural products and their derivatives as drugs has encouraged researchers to seek further inspiration from nature in the discovery of novel bioactive small molecules. Two Articles in this issue describe attempts to mimic aspects of natural-product biosynthesis in the preparation of diverse molecules for screening. The cover is an illustrative metaphor for the connection between nature and drug discovery. The honeycomb, prevalent in nature, represents a vast array of reactions, with the highlighted cells representing those reactions that yield products with specific biological activity.Editorial p841; Interviews p845, 846; News &#38; Views p851; Articles p872, 877 IMAGE: ANDREY KUZMIN/ALAMYCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/6_3.txt,ave_1,6_3.txt,val
Trends in Biotechnology,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_11.png,B,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt,ave_2,31_10.txt,"The image shows three planets in space, one of which is surrounded
by a representation of synthetic DNA to allude to the unifying way to share information
between asynchronous societies. In pages 156−167 of this issue, Gervasio and
colleagues discuss how DNA could be a universal solution to storing data—as long as
DNA is ubiquitous to known life. Cover image from Aaron Aznar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,vith,31_5.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,29_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_1.png,C,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Decety and Yoder describe emerging findings on the cognitive and neuroscientific
underpinnings of justice motivation. Cover image from iStockphoto/tomloel. Cover design
by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Rosenberg, Finn, Scheinost, Constable, and Chun discuss advances in connectivity-based
predictive modeling, how these methods inform our understanding of attention, and
how they can be applied to other cognitive domains. Cover image from iStockphoto/SomkiatFakmee.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_9.txt,vith,21_9.txt,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_1.txt,groundtruth,29_1.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_15.png,A,"–ligand binding conformations and affinities, is a pivotal element of structure-based virtual screening. We delineate the current status of employing deep learning to enhance molecular docking within the virtual screening paradigm, highlighting our contributions (KarmaDock and RTMScore) in this realm. Furthermore, we pinpoint the extant challenges and envision future prospects, drawing profound insights from our scholarly endeavors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,"Carbon electrode–molecule junctions offer a reliable platform for revealing and understanding the intrinsic properties of materials at the molecular-length scale, thus forming the basis for building a new generation of functional integrated circuits and sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. See Guo and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00133).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_4.txt,vitg,2015_4.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.png,C,"Immunology of the lung, inspired by the Review on p347.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_7.txt,vitg,21_7.txt,"The cover of this issue celebrates the 20th anniversary of Nature Reviews Immunology. See Editorial
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Olfactory Immunology, inspired by the Review on p381.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.txt,groundtruth,24_7.txt,"Periodontal immunology, inspired by the Review on p426.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_6.png,A,"Neuronal ferroptosis is central to several neurological diseases.
On pages 535–546 in this issue, Jacquemyn et al. discuss how alterations in iron
and lipid metabolism affect neuronal ferroptosis in health and disease. Fundamental
features of neurons that make them vulnerable to ferroptosis and the unique strategies
neurons use to protect themselves from it are highlighted. Finally, the reciprocal
roles
of neuronal iron, lipids, and pathogenic proteins in ferroptosis in neurodegenerative
disease are discussed. Cover design by Dr. Julie Jacquemyn.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_6.txt,groundtruth,34_6.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"Developmental tissue formation involves the integration of a complex array of events,
from physical forces exerted by neighboring cells and epithelial sheets to the intracellular
signalling pathways controlling growth-related gene expression. In this issue of Trends
in Cell Biology, we offer reviews examining design principles that underlie tissue
development. Levayer and Lecuit (pages 61–81) review the biomechanics of the actomyosin
network and discuss how the complex dynamics of this network, alongside its ability
to self-organize and respond to mechanical feedback, all contribute to key cellular
processes such as cytokinesis, cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. Also in
this issue, Davidson (pages 82–87) discusses the physical laws that govern tissue
assembly with an introduction to the mechanics of epithelial sheet interactions, and
Varelas and Wrana (pages 88–96) review recent work on the developmental cross-talk
between the Hippo pathway – key to determining organ size – and other important signalling
cascades, such as those mediated by TGFβ_and Wnt. Cover image by ©iStockphoto.com/feoris.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_12.txt,vith,22_12.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.png,C,"In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,test
Biophysical Reports,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_1.png,A,"On the cover: We used a pressure vessel model to investigate the relationship between
virus shape and critical stress and found that filament formation is a way of increasing
individual virus volume without particle rupture. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100181.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"On the cover: Single-photon arrivals are the rawest form of data available. One by one, these
arrivals update our knowledge as to the state and dynamics of a single-molecule system
labeled with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. This cartoon highlights
the essence of a three-part manuscript appearing in Biophysical Reports (single-photon, single-molecule (sm)FRET I-III) on a single-photon smFRET framework
leveraging Bayesian nonparametrics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_4.txt,vitg,3_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user
interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule
spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_2.txt,clip,4_2.txt,"On the cover: Mem3DG (Membrane Dynamics in 3D using Discrete Differential Geometry) is based on
discrete differential geometry that bridges smooth and discrete surface theory. We
utilize this framework to model the cycle of vesicular budding driven by protein aggregation.
The schematics ends with a shadow from a floating metallic ring, which symbolizes
the realization of the mathematical theory by using 3D computer simulation. The contrast
between the smooth fluid membrane and polygonal cage highlights the idea of formulating
differential equations on a triangulated mesh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_7.png,B,"Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. It is our vision that, over the next 25 years, innovators around the world will use foundational and methodological advances in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to transform major sectors of the global economy, ranging from fuels and chemicals, to transportation, agriculture, and water purification and delivery. The next generations of chemists, engineers, and other innovators will use new sets of tools and principles. These tools and principles will need to be integrated into chemistry and engineering education. Building on 25 Years of Green Chemistry and Engineering for a Sustainable Future touches on these topics (DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02484).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2016_2.txt,vith,2016_2.txt,The CO2 tree highlights the breadth of chemical compounds currently accessible from CO2 to illustrate its potential to serve as a carbon source for the future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,"The cover art highlights the carbon–carbon condensation of furans, nonedible hemicellulose biomass-derived platform molecules, using a shape-controlled Nb2O5 nanorod catalyst to produce biofuel precursors, which can be further processed by the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation route to obtain renewable diesel-grade hydrocarbons towards achieving carbon neutrality.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,test
ACS Catalysis,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_7.png,D,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,"CO2 is catalytically hydrogenated to methanol at the active interface sites between the highly dispersed gallium clusters and the In2O3 support, while Ga2O3 nanoparticles inhibit the adsorption and dissociation of H2, resulting in increased CO by-product.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,val
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_3.png,C,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,ave_2,26_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles involved in multi-system
responses. This month’s issue is dedicated to the complexity of mitochondrial
biology from cellular bioenergetics to whole-body physiology, with articles on the
relationship between mitochondrial shape and function (Wai), their interplay with
other
organelles (Lee et al.) their plasticity and function during oocyte development (Bahety
et al.), the role of mitochondrial calcium metabolism in metabolic processes (Huo and
Molkentin), the tissue specificity of mitochondrial diseases (Vela-Sebastián et al.)
and the interdisciplinary efforts needed to elucidate the role of this organelle in
psychobiological processes (Kelly et al.). The cover, a pop-art representation of the
variety of mitochondrial shapes, reflects the breadth of their functions and of the
topics included in this issue. Cover credit: Cover image from Grayson Ticer, VI4 Artist-in-Residence
Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_3.txt,groundtruth,35_3.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.png,B,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_2,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,groundtruth,31_5.txt,"On the cover: For Cell Chemical Biology’s 30th anniversary year, we kick off our celebrations with a special issue on RNA
modulation alongside an Editorial, a Q&A from founding editors, and other opinion
pieces from RNA biologists presenting opportunities for targeting RNA. The cover illustrates
the adaptability of RNA molecules, which allow natural and synthetic modulation for
expanded functions. This reflects the topics of the Reviews and Articles within the
special issue describing advances in our understanding of the structural diversity,
function, and regulation of RNA and harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic strategies
against viral infections or cancer. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.txt,ave_3,31_15.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,clip,31_4.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_4.png,D,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles.  Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_17.txt,vith,2023_17.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,"Ru doping in a Ni-MOF rod array regulates the d-band center of Ni-MOF. The Ru dopant activates the adjacent Ni atom in electrochemical NO3RR. As such, the Ni-MOF-Ru rod array delivers enhanced NO3RR activity and Zn-nitrate battery performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,train
innovation,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_6.png,A,"On the cover: MXenes, regarded as the “wonder” of two-dimensional materials, exhibit
extraordinary physicochemical properties and show great promise for a wide range of
applications, including energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, biomedicine,
printing circuits, and more. A transformative gas synthesis route eliminates the expensive
precursors and enables direct fabrication of pure-phase and low-defect MXene, tackling
the longstanding challenge of synthesis of high-quality MXenes by the conventional
liquid phase etching route. Compared to the costly and winding liquid-phase etching
route, the gas-phase synthesis pathway is more economical and efficient, accelerating
the transition of MXenes from laboratory to industrial applications.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"On the cover: In recent years, driven by the new round of scientific and technological
revolution, the transportation industry is undergoing unprecedented and significant
changes. Emerging transport vehicles include autonomous vehicles and flying cars.
Some innovative operational modes appear, like Mobility as a Service and shared mobility.
Meanwhile, advanced informatics technology, such as Artificial Intelligence and the
Internet of Things, is also joining the way to make better traffic. All of this progress
has facilitated the emergence of Advanced Urban Aerial Mobility, a new paradigm for
future transportation. The system is based on providing high-quality services as its
core and the principles of energy-saving and environmental protection, making urban
travel more enjoyable. This common scene in science fiction is no longer far reaching.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_5.txt,clip,4_5.txt,"On the cover: Since ancient times, our ancestors have developed the concept of systems
engineering, achieving numerous engineering miracles around the world, such as the
pyramids, the Great Wall, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system. Systems engineering,
acting as a silk weaving machine, organizes the chaotic components into efficient
and optimized systems. It weaves an endless Silk Road, riding waves of technological
revolutions, as human civilization develops over thousands of years. Driven by cutting-edge
theories and technologies, such as data science, artificial intelligence, complex
systems, virtual simulation, and high-performance computing, conventional systems
engineering methods have become digital and intelligent in recent years. It continuously
makes breakthroughs, in multiple fields such as parallel systems and generative simulation,
and in various applications such as aerial swarms and intelligent metamaterials. We
envision that digital-intelligent systems engineering will inevitably make important
contributions to science and technology innovations.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral.
Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent
global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated
by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today,
in order to explore the future of science.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_3.txt,vith,1_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_1.png,D,"Unlocking tissue-specific T cell responses, inspired by the Review on p209.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_9.txt,clip,18_9.txt,"COVER: The intracellular complement system, inspired by the Review on p426.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"Podocyte-targeted therapies, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_3.txt,vith,20_3.txt,"Amino acid metabolism, inspired by the Review on p771.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,train
Science,387_6729,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6729.png,A,"COVER Pollination in walnuts (such as this Persian walnut, Juglans regia) and pecans occurs through a genetically controlled temporal flowering dimorphism. Two distinct morphs alternate their phases of male and female flowering across the season, promoting outcrossing that has maintained a stable equilibrium throughout tens of millions of years of evolution. See eado5578.
Photo: Philippe Clement/NPL/Minden Pictures",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6729.txt,groundtruth,387_6729.txt,"COVER Time-lapse image of the Roman Colosseum, which symbolizes the power and durability of Rome—one of the largest cities of the ancient world and seat of an empire of ~70 million people. A sample of ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years reveals that, from ~3000 years ago on, Rome had a population of diverse ancestries. Rapid genetic shifts in historical time reflect movements of people as Rome's political connections and trade networks changed. See pages 673 and 708. 
 Credit: Mark Bassett/Alamy Stock Photo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/366_6466.txt,vith,366_6466.txt,"COVER A tomato seedling engineered with the genome editor CRISPR to resist a bacterial disease sprouts in a Beijing laboratory. China is at the forefront of applying CRISPR to improve crops, and its scientists also are creating disease models in several species, as well as pig organs for transplantation into people. Another use, editing human embryos, triggered an international scandal. See page 420.
 Photo: Syngenta Beijing Innovation",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/365_6452.txt,clip,365_6452.txt,"COVER Image from the laboratory of the 2014 Nobel Prize winner for chemistry, Eric Betzig, showing neurons in the brain of a live zebrafish embryo. Sample-induced aberrations often degrade imaging quality in multicellular specimens, but a clear view was obtained here by using adaptive optics, the same technology used to view distant astronomical objects through Earth's turbulent atmosphere. For more on imaging, see page 439 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1257998. 
 Image: Kai Wang, Eric Betzig, Janelia Research Campus; Jeff Mumm, Johns Hopkins University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/346_6208.txt,vitg,346_6208.txt,val
Nature Microbiology,9_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_4.png,C,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,vitg,9_5.txt,"Fusarium goes bananas
This image shows leaf yellowing on a Cavendish banana plant in northern Mozambique. The plant was infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4), a soil-borne fungus, that affects a range of banana varieties. Once present in a banana field, the fungus cannot be eradicated, making future production of Cavendish bananas almost impossible. In this issue, Zhang et al. show that all Cavendish banana-infecting race 4 strains share a single origin, and that TR4 accessory genes are enriched for virulence and mitochondrion-related functions. The authors also discovered that the fungal nitric oxide biosynthesis pathway is induced upon banana plant infection, suggesting that nitric oxide could be used as a target for disease management.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Altus Viljoen. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_4.txt,groundtruth,9_4.txt,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.png,D,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,clip,2020_3.txt,"The cover graphic highlights positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies that have shaped our understanding of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in several brain health illnesses, with an emphasis on how the emerging legalization of cannabis use has impacted the field to better understand the functional and dysfunctional ECS. Clinical relevance of the ECS in psychiatric and neurological disorders has driven significant efforts toward developing PET radiotracers for several ECS targets. For more information, see DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00305",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_12.txt,vitg,2020_12.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_1,2020_4.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,val
Science,387_6734,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6734.png,B,"COVER An iceberg from Antarctica drifts in the Southern Ocean. Mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, whether by iceberg calving or melting, will help determine the future of sea level in our warming climate. How the ice sheet changes over the coming decades to centuries will depend on its structure, dynamics, and interactions with the atmosphere and surrounding ocean. See page 1316.
 Photo: Michel Roggo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/367_6484.txt,vitg,367_6484.txt,"COVER Climate change in the polar regions of our warming world is threatening to transform many of its features, such as this icy tableau in the Fish Islands off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. There is still much to learn about these places before we know better what those changes may be. See the special section beginning on page 588.
Photo: Pete McBride",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6734.txt,groundtruth,387_6734.txt,"COVER Science, like the rest of society, has been swept up in the storms caused by social media. This special news section looks at how scientists study and fight mis- and disinformation, how harassment and intimidation have spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how researchers use Twitter to inform the public and share their findings with colleagues. See page 1332. 
Illustration: Davide Bonazzi/Salzmanart",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/375_6587.txt,clip,375_6587.txt,"COVER A previously unidentified population of polar bears documented on the southeast coast of Greenland uses glacier ice to survive despite limited access to sea ice. This small, genetically distinct group of polar bears displays foraging strategies that could facilitate persistence in a warming world. See pages 1267 and 1333.
Photo: Carsten Egevang",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/376_6599.txt,vith,376_6599.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.png,C,"Artificial intelligence in drug design, inspired by the Perspective on p353.
Cover design: Susanne Harris. Original structure image from Kheng Ho Toh/Alamy Stock Photo.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_8.txt,clip,19_8.txt,"Cracking RAS as an anticancer target, inspired by the Review on p533.
Cover design: Susanne Harris, target image from EgudinKa/iStock/Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_5.txt,vitg,19_5.txt,"The art of therapeutic mRNA design, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.txt,groundtruth,23_12.txt,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,ave_2,23_7.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_9.png,B,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,"Fasting proteome
Seven days of complete caloric restriction in humans leads to profound adaptations of the plasma proteome. The illustration is an artistic representation of changes in the proteome after prolonged fasting in humans.
See Pietzner et al.
Image: Saskia Beuchel. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"FASN cuts stress
In this issue of Nature Metabolism, Wei et al. identify a non-fatty acid synthesis function for FASN in suppressing diverse aspects of stress responses through a mechanism that involves FASN cleavage. Depicted are anesthetized C. elegans following stressful conditions.
See Wei et al.
Image: Hai Wei, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_12.txt,ave_3,6_12.txt,test
Nature Physics,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_1.png,D,"A multitude of Coulomb phases
Neutron and X-ray scattering experiments show that the partially disordered material CsNiCrF6 supports multiple Coulomb phases with structural and magnetic properties dictated by the underlying local gauge symmetry.
See Fennell et al.
Image: Peter Conlon. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_12.txt,vith,15_12.txt,"Topological frequency combs
Optical frequency combs are a key technology in communications, sensing and metrology. A theoretical proposal shows that introducing topological principles into their design makes on-chip combs more efficient and robust against fabrication defects.
See Mittal et al. and Peano
Image: David Lam. Cover Design:Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_3.txt,vitg,17_3.txt,"Electrons in a fractal
Electrons are confined to an artificial Sierpiński triangle. Microscopy measurements show that their wavefunctions become self-similar and their quantum properties inherit a non-integer dimension between 1 and 2.
See Morais-Smith et al.
Image: Marlou Slot, Utrecht University. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_11.txt,clip,15_11.txt,"No heat flow in ground-state graphene
The ground state of electrons in undoped graphene at high magnetic field is still not fully known. Measurements of thermal conductance could help to differentiate between the various theoretically proposed candidates. Delagrange et al. report such measurements and find that the thermal conductivity is vanishingly small, in contradiction to many of the predictions.
See Delagrange et al.
Image: Francois Parmentier, SPEC – CNRS UMR3680. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_5.png,D,"The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against infection and
tissue injury. New imaging techniques and genetic tools are allowing researchers to
more precisely define how innate immune cells navigate their way to the appropriate
site during tissue perturbation. The articles in this themed issue of Trends in Immunology
examine the mechanisms that underlie innate immune cell trafficking in health and
disease. Cover illustration: Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_3.txt,vith,32_3.txt,"There is a growing appreciation of the functions of tissue-resident immune cells and
their importance in immune surveillance and throughout the immune response. Recent
findings are providing new insights into the mechanisms targeting these cells to specific
tissues, and how these populations are maintained in homeostasis and respond in times
of immune challenge. Trends in Immunology is excited to announce a special year-long series of articles devoted to examining
tissue-resident immune cells and their diverse functions. In the inaugural article
of this series, on pages 30–39, Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang discuss the dynamic
mechanisms that govern lymph node stromal cells during homeostasis and active immunity.
The cover depicts, by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the close association
of dendritic cells (red) with an extensive and interconnected fibroblastic reticular
cell (FRC) network (cyan) populating lymphoid tissue. Through the dynamic production
of various chemotactic and survival cues, FRCs and other stromal cell subsets coordinate
the migration, positioning, and homeostatic maintenance of immune cells. Cover image
courtesy of Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_13.txt,vitg,36_13.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"Tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality from an infectious disease. On
pages 649–661, Suliman and colleagues discuss new scientific evidence suggesting that
viral infections may contribute to tuberculosis progression and risk. In the illustration,
the
artist was inspired by Mark Rothko, and drew a clump of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
meeting at the center with a swarm of HIV-1. Image credit: Caroline Cha.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_5.txt,groundtruth,45_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.png,B,"Spotlight on 2021, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p81
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_11.txt,ave_2,19_11.txt,"Pride in gastroenterology and hepatology, inspired by the Review on p377.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,"Looking back on 2023, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p72.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_11.txt,ave_1,21_11.txt,"Looking back on 2022, inspired by the Year in Reviews on p67
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_11.txt,clip,20_11.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_5.png,C,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,vith,2024_10.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_7.png,D,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"Bottom-up synthetic biology has been successful at reconstituting cellular functions
inside cell-like compartments. Progress towards a fully functional synthetic cell,
however, will depend on strategies to recombine these functional modules. In pages
938–951 of this issue, Göpfrich, Platzman, and Spatz highlight the potential of precision
technologies, like microfluidics and DNA nanotechnology, to achieve complex multifunctional
synthetic cells. The cover image illustrates the process of integrating functional
modules like pieces of a puzzle – ultimately assembling a eukaryotic cell piece by
piece. Cover image conceptualized by the authors and designed by Kerstin Göpfrich
and Karl C. Gödel.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_4.txt,ave_2,36_4.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt,ave_1,31_10.txt,"Interactions between algae and the phycosome may impact the productivity
of industrial cultures. This fluorescence microscopy image of an aggregate of Chlorella sp.
SLA-04 and its phycosome underlines the ecological complexity of xenic algal cultures.
In
pages 680-698 of this issue, Miller and colleagues highlight the current understanding
of
the phycosome and some future directions for taking advantage of phycosome ecology
in
production systems. Cover image taken by Isaac Miller at the Center for Biofilm Engineering
in the Imaging Core Facility.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,train
Med,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_11.png,A,"On the cover: Amputees often struggle with natural interaction due to missing sensory
feedback in their prostheses, including temperature perception. Muheim et al. utilize phantom thermal sensations to provide real-time temperature information about
grasped objects, via a standalone system integrated into a commercially available
prosthesis. This system can potentially improve prosthesis function and naturalness,
and greatly benefit amputees in daily tasks. Cover photograph by Jamani Caillet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the Cover: Neuroprosthetics combines the expertise of neuroscientists, engineers,
and computer scientists to restore sensory and motor functions; for example, building
bionic hands for individuals with amputations and brain-machine interfaces in patients
with traumatic lesions or neurological disorders. In this issue, Micera and colleagues
(Shokur et al., pp. 912–937) describe how to exploit the possibility to reuse and
recombine existing technologies to drive a new generation of more stable, precise,
and responsive neuroprostheses than can improve upper-limb perception and movement.
The cover compares the modular approach proposed by the authors to a set of simple
instructions to build an artificial arm. Cover image credit: Margot Herbelin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_5.txt,clip,2_5.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_12.png,D,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"From the need for better preclinical models of disease to the use of new
technologies that can recapitulate the complexity of living systems, our approach
in
studying metabolic diseases is constantly being refined. This month, we focus on the
issue of modeling metabolism: our authors reflect on novel methodological approaches
in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders and provide new frameworks to
address some of the current questions in diabetes, obesity, liver disease, cancer
metabolism and host-microbiome homeostasis. Our cover depicts this variety of
perspectives as building blocks of different colors and sizes that together contribute
a more comprehensive model of metabolism. Artwork credit: modified from Jobalou/
Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.txt,vith,35_7.txt,"Aging clocks, computational models that measure biological age
and aging rate regardless of the chronological age, are important tools to study the
mechanisms of healthy longevity. However, the underlying counting units of the intrinsic
timers of these clocks are still unclear. This month, Han (pp. 11−22) proposes that
DNA damage and its associated response constitute the fundamental counting units
of aging clocks, ultimately responsible for changes in cell cycles, cellular senescence,
and functional decline in tissues. The cover represents the multiple levels of “ticking
components” of aging clocks. Cover credit: adapted from ziggymaj/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_12.txt,groundtruth,35_12.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_8.png,C,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,A methodology termed “quasi-ternary phase diagram” was devised to serve as a foundation in process design of solvent-mediated physical separation of a multicomponent solid mixture.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_3.png,B,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Flash separation of metals
Metal recycling plays a crucial role in mitigating the shortage of critical metals and reducing reliance on primary mining. However, current liquid hydrometallurgical methods consume substantial amounts of water and chemicals while also generating problematic secondary waste. On the other hand, pyrometallurgical processes are often energy intensive and lack selectivity. Now, James Tour and co-workers report a chlorination process that makes use of direct electric heating for the selective separation of critical metals from electronic waste (denoted as electrothermal chlorination, ETC). The ETC process represents a potential shift in metallurgy that could minimize metal supply-chain shortages. The cover shows a carbon paper heater used for the ETC process during electric heating.
See Deng et al.
Image: Shichen Xu, Rice University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_3.txt,groundtruth,1_3.txt,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_2.png,A,"Hydropower is a renewable energy source that can contribute to growing energy demands. This Review considers the ecological consequences of hydropower plants on riverine systems and emphasizes the urgent need to mitigate ecological impacts to ensure sustainable development.
Simone Polattini / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Lithium is an essential resource for the energy transition, owing to its widespread use in rechargeable batteries. This Review describes the freshwater and chemical inputs, wastes and environmental impacts of direct lithium extraction technologies and how to manage them.
Image credit: Bloomberg Creative/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,"Permafrost is warming and thawing at accelerating rates. This Focus issue and an accompanying online collection examines how permafrost is changing and the consequences for Earth and human systems. See Collection.
Image: peace portal photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Non-perennial segments of rivers undergo cycles of flowing, non-flowing and dry phases, influencing ecosystem dynamics and services across the river network. This Review describes the occurrence, ecology and future of these intermittent and ephemeral flows and highlights the importance of protecting these segments.
Image credit: Anton Petrus / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.png,B,This study reports the self-excited fluorescence of a microscale-damaged microchannel inside a nanocomposite under the influence of an electric field. The imaging results present the spatial development morphology of electrical trees inside the polymer. This work aids in the precision imaging-guided structural design of nano dielectrics and has practical application potential in extreme environments.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"The cover art demonstrates the helix-forming thin films, which have the ability to emit strong circularly polarized luminescence (indicating iCPL behavior) and to absorb specific circularly polarized light (also indicating iCPL behavior).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,This study reports the self-excited fluorescence of a microscale-damaged microchannel inside a nanocomposite under the influence of an electric field. The imaging results present the spatial development morphology of electrical trees inside the polymer. This work aids in the precision imaging-guided structural design of nano dielectrics and has practical application potential in extreme environments.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_8.png,D,"is enabled by Ag–N dynamic bonding between AgNWs and the bipyridyl-modified PDMS substrate, which provides insights on future designs of electronic skin integrating mechanical and electrical self-healing capability in wearable optoelectronic devices. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2020_51.txt,ave_1,2020_51.txt,"The cover art emphasizes the role of surface topography in biomaterials, demonstrating how designed surfaces improve cell adhesion and migration, reminiscent of rock climbers on a rough terrain. It showcases a new surface modification strategy that provides osteogenic and immunomodulatory capabilities, essential for the long-term durability of biomaterials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2024_35.txt,clip,2024_35.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,vitg,2015_41.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_1.png,C,"In this issue
This month we reflect on the lack of improvement in child dental health in recent years and the current impact of the cost-of-living crisis.
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_10.txt,ave_2,36_10.txt,"In this issue...
We take a look at GDC Fitness to Practise cases relating to infection control violations between 2014-18
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_9.txt,ave_3,33_9.txt,"In this issue...
In this final issue of 2024, our cover feature delves into one of the most important topics for any practitioner to consider: safeguarding and dental neglect in children",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_1.txt,groundtruth,37_1.txt,"In this issue
In this issue we discuss some of the challenges 2021 will face, from outreach programmes to paediatric dentistry's recovery
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_12.txt,clip,34_12.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_3.png,B,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"The image depicts a story that happened during the Warring States. A senior general named Lian Po, loyal to King of the Zhao State, was given a chunk of meat and became re-energized. The cover paper reports that the catabolism of the amino acid glutamine can replenish energy when glucose is depleted. See page 683–706 by Mengqi Li et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_3.txt,groundtruth,34_3.txt,"The image describes a Chinese fairy tale, the “King Yu tamed the flood”, wherein King Yu recruited and directed people to mend the broken river wall. Pre-ribosomal RNA interacts with MDC1 and may direct repair factors, such as TopBP1 and BRCA1, to DNA double-strand breaks in the XY body of male germ cells as well as in somatic cells. See page 254-268 by Xiaochen Gai et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_10.txt,ave_3,32_10.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,ave_2,29_9.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_6.png,A,"Name-calling
Desert Rose — the large female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the picture — produces a distress call that alerts her calves to danger, in Samburu Shaba National Reserve in northern Kenya. A study by Pardo et al. shows that individuals address conspecifics with name-like calls that do not rely on imitation of the receiver.
See Pardo et al.
Image: George Wittemyer. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"Extreme bottlenecks
In the 19th century, commercial hunters nearly drove the northern elephant seal to extinction. A combination of population genetics, veterinary pathology data, demographic modelling, whole-genome resequencing and genetic simulations suggests that this extreme population bottleneck probably purged much of this species’ genetic load, affecting post-bottleneck population dynamics and contemporary fitness variation.
See Joseph I. Hoffman et al.
Image: Martin Stoffel, Turing Institute, UK. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_1.txt,ave_3,8_1.txt,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_4.png,C,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,ave_2,31_7.txt,"The brain is a genetic ‘mosaic’ comprising a patchwork of cells with
distinct DNA sequences. In this issue, Sahib Sran, Amanda Ringland, and Tracy
Bedrosian describe sources of genomic diversity that contribute to building the mosaic
brain. Expanding beyond the period of neurodevelopment, they consider complex
origins of brain mosaicism that arise throughout the entire lifespan from embryogenesis
through aging. Image credit: erhui1979/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_4.txt,groundtruth,40_4.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_1,29_3.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_9.png,B,"Shu and colleagues show that two sodium channel subtypes, a high-threshold Nav1.2 and a low-threshold Nav1.6, are asymmetrically distributed in the axon initial segment (AIS). This asymmetrical distribution explains many of the unique properties of the AIS, including its generation of backpropagating action potentials. Cover design by Jiafeng Zhao.959996",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/12_5.txt,clip,12_5.txt,"GluK2 detects cold
The molecular identity of cold sensors in peripheral somatosensory neurons remains unclear. Cai et al. report that GluK2, a kainate-type glutamate receptor that mediates synaptic transmission in the brain, is co-opted as a cold sensor in the periphery. The cover art depicts snow and ice adhering to the ends of branches, symbolizing the role of peripheral sensory nerve endings, distant from the soma (shown in the background), as the primary detectors of cold.
See Cai et al.
Image and cover design: Rajani Arora. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_9.txt,groundtruth,27_9.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Huntington's disease is thought to be a result of neuronal dysfunction, but a study from Tong and colleagues now suggests that mutant huntingtin in astrocytes leads to dysregulation of extracellular K+. Excess K+ leads to elevated spiking and potentially to excitotoxicity in striatal projection neurons. On the cover is an artistic rendering of astrocytes in the neuropil by Janet Iwasa.641694",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_8.txt,vith,17_8.txt,val
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.png,D,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,clip,2024_7.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,ave_3,2024_4.txt,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_4.png,D,Machine Learning in Physical Chemistry Virtual Issue View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_4.txt,vith,2020_4.txt,"Different doping elements X were introduced in LiNi0.8Mn0.1X0.1O2 to regulate the Li/Ni exchange defect, and then an interpretable machine learning method combining the Random Forest (RF) model and the Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis was proposed to accelerate identifying the key factors among the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2024_46.txt,clip,2024_46.txt,‒y,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2021_8.txt,vitg,2021_8.txt,"The cover art is a graphical illustration of dark-field detection for enhancement in circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of a thin film of uniaxially distributed naproxen microcrystals. Differentially circularly polarized light, represented by the top left arrows rotating opposite directions, passes through a crystalline thin film. This enhancement is represented by the CD spectra on the bottom center. The incoherent, scattered contributions to the transmitted beam leading to the enhancement are isolated by dark-field detection, in which the unscattered light is preferentially rejected by a spatial filter, depicted in the bottom right. Unlike the isotropic CD response, which arises primarily from magnetic dipole contributions, the incoherent CD produces a chiral response that is fully electric-dipole-allowed, much larger than the corresponding isotropic chiral response, and non-reciprocal (inverts upon sample reorientation). The non-resonant (linear birefringence) and resonant (linear dichroism) transition moments dominating the electric-dipole-allowed chiral response of the test system, (S)-naproxen, are pictured in the bottom left of the image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
Lab Animal,54_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/54_2.png,B,"Cancer research sees mice in motion
To track disease progression and evaluate the potency of a potential treatment, researchers can look to a number of different measures in their mice. That includes their behavior, which digital vivariums can capture continuously and non-invasively.
A new research article shows how monitoring mice in motion can help researchers predict terminal endpoints and assess drug efficacy in the ES-2 ovarian cancer model.
See Carbonell et al.
IMAGE: Mouse: jkitan / E+ / Getty. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_4.txt,vitg,49_4.txt,"Dietary effects across mouse life stages
Differences in standard chow diets can influence mouse model phenotypes and impact experimental reproducibility. In a new Article, Knuth et al. measured the phenotypic effects of exposing mice to commonly used standard chows during different life stages. Their findings demonstrate that the timing of diet exposure can also affect phenotypic outcomes.
See Knuth et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/54_2.txt,groundtruth,54_2.txt,"The case for including more female mice in research
Male mice have been the default in scientific experiments for decades, based on the assumption that hormonal fluctuations across the estrous cycle make females more variable than males. In a News & Views this month, Bronwyn Graham discusses recent findings showing that the estrous phase had little effect on the exploratory behavior of female mice, and that female mice were actually less variable than males.
See Graham
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_8.txt,clip,52_8.txt,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,vith,52_10.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.png,D,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liang et al. present a static suspension culture-based
method for differentiation of human PSC-derived pancreatic islets. The cover image
shows the resulting islets composed of multiple cell types. Image credit: Jia Zhao
and Shenghui Liang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_8.txt,vith,3_8.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shinde et al. present CMI-PB, a data resource and challenge contest to develop computational models
predicting vaccine responses. The cover image draws inspiration from the “blind man
and elephant” parable, showing blindfolded scientists each bringing their own expertise
to solve a multifaceted systems biology problem represented by the elephant and involving
the multi-omics datatypes represented at the top. Courtesy: Unsplash (Wolfgang Hasselmann)
and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_1.png,A,"Avian influenza in Antarctica
The International high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) Australis Expedition 2024 monitored the spread of HPAI virus in Antarctica. A molecular diagnostic laboratory was set up on board the sailing boat Australis depicted in this image. Aguado et al. discuss the aims, challenges and learnings from this expedition, and how on-site diagnostics can be valuable for real-time surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks amongst wildlife.
See Aguado et al.
Image: Antonio Alcamí, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,"Going with the flow
Hydraulic conditions result in selective taxonomic pressures determining the formation of biofilm or aggregate communities in experimental fluvial systems. 
See Niederdorfer et al. 1, 16178 (2016)
Image: Hannes PeterCover Design: Samantha Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/1_1.txt,clip,1_1.txt,"Sticking together
Direct interaction of influenza virus with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract results in increased bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelial cells in culture and in higher bacterial burdens in vivo.
See Rowe, H. M. et al.
Image: Jason Rosch, Hannah Rowe and Aaron Pitre. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_5.txt,vith,4_5.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_3.png,B,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,"for combination cancer therapy. A controlled adjustment of their ligand layer composition allows for several formulations to be obtained with high affinity to integrin αvβ3, a transmembrane receptor that is overexpressed in many types of cancer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,"The cover figure depicts the bifunctional nature of a cyclodextrin-based neoglycoconjugate (compound 56 in the review), designed to be a forerunner of an ""intelligent"" drug delivery vehicle. The cyclodextrin torus (colored green) is capable of complexing drug molecules, which can be directed to a specific biological target by its carbohydrate antenna (colored purple). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2001_2.txt,ave_2,2001_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.png,D,"Understanding tumour mutational burden, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Using computational tools to predict response to immunotherapies, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.txt,vitg,21_12.txt,"Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Review on p401.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_6.txt,vith,18_6.txt,"The road travelled and challenges ahead in clinical oncology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p771.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,val
Joule,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_3.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image depicts AI as becoming critical to overcome the rapidly
widening gap between the existing computational capabilities and the evolving needs
of the electric power industry to cope with the massively increasing complexity and
uncertainty in the electric grid amidst the transition to a low-carbon energy future.
In this issue of Joule, Hamann et al. show how emerging AI foundation models are an ideal technology platform to collaborate
across the sector in a moonshot to harness emerging AI capabilities, which will enable
much more computationally efficient models, by orders of magnitude, for planning,
managing, and controlling the electric grid while providing high performance, adaptability,
and scalability. Artist/source: Lara Karadogan, IBM Research (lara.karadogan@ibm.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_1.txt,ave_1,8_1.txt,"On the Cover: An artistic depiction of an array of solar-powered lithium extraction
devices floating upon the sea. Described in a Future Energy article in this issue
of Joule, Zhou, He, et al. (pp. 1648–1651) conceive and demonstrate an electrolysis
method that extracts lithium metal directly from seawater and is faster and more controllable
than adsorption and dialysis-based methods. Cover art by Sixie Yang and Ping He.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) incorporating
an FeSn2 anode, a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, and a Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte placed on an electronic circuit. The continents of the Earth
are illuminated by the energy generated from this high-energy-density ASSB, symbolizing
its potential to revolutionize global energy storage and utilization. As demonstrated
by Lee et al., this ASSB exhibits exceptional performance, stability, and energy efficiency, emphasizing
its crucial role in advancing sustainable energy for the future. This pioneering research
highlights the potential of FeSn2 anodes to enhance the overall performance and safety of ASSBs, driving innovation
in energy storage technology. Artist/image source: Suk-Woo Yoon (SCIART 3D GRAPHIC
in Republic of Korea).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_10.png,B,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"A key contributor to cancer-related mortality is metastasis — the process
where cancer cells disseminate from their original site to other body parts. During
the
metastatic cascade, cancer cells are challenged by hostile, highly dynamic and distinct
environments. Technological progress in ribosome profiling and other RNA sequencing-based
approaches has significantly deepened and expanded our understanding of the complex
ways in which cancer cells rapidly alter messenger RNA (mRNA) translation — a multistep
and highly coordinated process for protein synthesis — in response to environmental
stresses
(such as low oxygen, limited nutrient availability, immune response). In an article
of this issue,
Chen, Navickas, and Goodarzi discuss how changes in the translation machinery are
tailored
to specific sequence and structure information encoded in the mRNA, and interconnect
with
additional regulatory layers to drive breast cancer progression and metastasis. They
also
explore how understanding this complex process can be harnessed for developing novel
breast cancer treatment strategies, particularly those aimed at overcoming drug resistance
and
inhibiting the spread of cancer cells. Cover image is an adaptation of Figure 1 by
Chen et al.
designed via Adobe Illustrator and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_10.txt,groundtruth,45_10.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_6.txt,ave_2,40_6.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,ave_1,40_5.txt,train
Current Biology,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_1.png,D,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_3.txt,vith,35_3.txt,"On the cover: Fischer, Roland et al. (pages 4145–4151) demonstrate that the convergent
evolution of maternal care in South American and Malagasy poison frogs facilitates
toxin provisioning and relies on similar brain regions but different neuronal mechanisms.
The cover image shows the Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica). In this species, mothers provide their altricial tadpoles with unfertilized eggs
for nutrition and chemical defense. Image by Elicio E. Tapia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_2.txt,vitg,29_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Roelants et al. (pages 125–130) use transcriptome data
and phylogenetic analyses to demonstrate that caerulein, a clinically important peptide
secreted by the skins of various frogs, evolved at least twice independently, and
from different ancestral hormones. Parallel evolution of identical gene products in
anciently duplicated genes represents a novel evolutionary mechanism through which
recurrent functional innovations are attained across large phylogenetic distances.
The cover shows the tree frog Litoria caerulea, the species in which caerulein was discovered, and after which the peptide was named.
Photo by Bert Willaert.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_23.txt,clip,20_23.txt,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_90,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_90.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots in the Wild. Robots have been successfully deployed in a wide range of domains–including land, sea, air, and space–for a variety of applications such as search and rescue, oceanography, wildlife surveys, and space exploration. In this issue, Zhou et al. have developed a trajectory planner for swarms of micro drones that can be implemented using only an onboard computer. Their planner computes trajectories based on limited information from the drone's onboard sensors to enable collision-free flight in cluttered environments in the wild. This month's cover is a photo illustration of a swarm of micro-drones flying through a forest (see also the Focus by Soria).  Credit: Zhou et al./Zhejiang University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_66.txt,vitg,7_66.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,vith,7_68.txt,"ONLINE COVER RoBeetle Flexes Its Muscle. Untethered, small-scale robots are often powered by miniature batteries with low specific energy (compared with animal fat and chemical fuels). Inspired by the metabolism of animals, Yang et al. developed a robot, called RoBeetle, with size and mass comparable to those of a small insect that achieves crawling locomotion using an artificial micromuscle powered by the controlled catalytic combustion of methanol. RoBeetle can carry payloads up to 2.6 times its body weight, crawl on rough surfaces, and clamber up inclines of 15°. This month's cover is a photograph of RoBeetle on a leaf (see also the Focus by Truby et al.). [CREDIT: XIUFENG YANG AND NÉSTOR O. PÉREZ-ARANCIBIA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/5_45.txt,clip,5_45.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Lens-Free Compound Eye. The wide field of view and motion tracking capabilities of insect eyes are attractive features to roboticists, but have been difficult to replicate when transferring lenses to a curved surface. Taking inspiration from a robber fly’s eye, Zhou et al. developed a lens-free pinhole compound eye with a perovskite nanowire photodetector array. This pinhole compound eye exhibited a wide field of view and dynamic motion tracking. This month’s cover shows a fusion of an image composite of a robber fly’s eye on the left and an illustration of the pinhole compound eye on the right. Credit: Beijing Fantastic Color Animation Technology Co., Ltd., and Muhammad Roem",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_90.txt,groundtruth,9_90.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_9.png,C,"The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al.
Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,"The cover of this issue is an artistic view of how living tissues can be understood in terms of concepts from mechanics, such as stress. See Manuel Gómez-González et al.
Image: Iris Joval Granollers. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_7.txt,ave_1,2_7.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates living human cancer cells and tissues. See Massey et al.
Image: Alexander Cartagena-Rivera, National Institutes of Health, US. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"The cover of this issue shows an illustration of a supersolid 4-droplet state in a cigar-shaped trap. See [Recati & Stringari]
Image: Manfred Mark, University of Innsbruck. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_415,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_415.png,C,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how the Ca2+ sensors STIM1 and STIM2 are differentially required for basophil responses to distinct stimuli. The image shows an artist’s rendition of a basophil. [Image: Science Picture Co/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_576.txt,clip,12_576.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue contains an Editorial Guide on modulation of the immune response, as well as four Perspectives. The image depicts resolution of an inflammatory response. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_384.txt,vith,2007_384.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue highlights the nucleus (see the Editorial Guide [http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content-embargo/abstract/sigtrans;2007/415/eg11]). Articles and resources at STKE focus on signaling within the nucleus, as well as transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The image depicts an artist's rendition of a cell nucleus. [Image: Christopher Bickel , AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_415.txt,groundtruth,2007_415.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Wang et al. report that Notch signaling plays an inhibitory role in advanced prostate cancer. The image shows a colored scanning electron micrograph of a prostate cancer cell associated with a T cell (purple).  Credit: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_810.txt,vitg,16_810.txt,val
NATURE METHODS,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_2.png,A,"Microscopic art
An image of a section of small intestine from a mouse won fourth place in the Nikon Small World 2024 Photomicrography competition.
See Editorial
Image: Amy Engevik, Medical University of South Carolina. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Method of the Year: spatially resolved transcriptomics
Our choice for the 2020 Method of the Year is spatially resolved transcriptomics. The cover depicts an example of data generated by spatially resolved transcriptomics technology. Middle layer: H&E-stained small intestine section. Bottom layer: mRNA capture platform (for example, barcoded microarray or beads). Top layer: RNA-seq data from the small intestine section.
See Editorial
Image: Ludvig Larsson, Natalie Stakenborg, Joakim Lundeberg and Guy Boeckxstaens Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/18_12.txt,vith,18_12.txt,Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is likely to revolutionize our understanding of cellular biology and is Nature Methods' pick for Method of the Year 2008. Cover design by Erin Boyle. Special feature starts on p15.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/6_12.txt,vitg,6_12.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,test
Developmental Cell,59_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_11.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_1,56_2.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a helical structure of dynamin in a post-GTP hydrolysis,
super-constricted state. This state represents a final step in dynamin-mediated fission
during endocytosis. Wrapped around a lipid tube, the assembled dynamin (dimers are
in rainbow colors) generates an inner lumen of 3.4 nm, priming the membrane for spontaneous
fission upon disassembly of the stabilizing protein coat. To learn more about how
our understanding of dynamin structure can affect membrane fission, see Jimah et al. Image credit: Jenny E. Hinshaw, John R. Jimah, and Nidhi Kundu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_11.txt,groundtruth,59_11.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,val
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_1.png,D,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,ave_2,2021_12.txt,Coacervate microgels (particle-like structures in light blue) were formed from IgG(Alexa488) (green) and conjugates of pullulan (light blue) with a cell membrane-permeabilizing peptide L17E (red). The interaction of the microgel leads to a dynamic structural change of the cell membrane (shown as waves) and the intracellular IgG infusion.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,test
Current Biology,34_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_1.png,C,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: The yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) and closely related wood warbler species derive their colorful plumage primarily
from carotenoid and melanin pigments. In this issue, Baiz et al. (pages 643–649) show
that BCO2, a carotenoid-processing gene, introgressed among several warbler species
via hybridization during their evolutionary history, likely explaining differences
in carotenoid-based coloration among some species. In contrast, independent mutations
and divergent selection in ASIP, a gene in the melanogenesis pathway, may help explain
species differences in melanic coloration. Photograph by Todd Fellenbaum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_22.txt,clip,31_22.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Smith et al. show that honey bees symmetrically stockpile their nest contents, creating mirror-image
symmetry within the nest. This architectural symmetry is colony-specific and is present
throughout a colony's life. Curiously, even when independent colonies stockpile opposite
sides of a comb, they still create a mirror image. The researchers then show that
temperature is a critical cue for positioning brood and that symmetry provides adaptive
benefits to the colony. Finally, they show that nest symmetry exists across all species
of Apis. Uniting investigations across all four of Tinbergen's Questions, this work shows
that there are behavioral processes that create functional symmetry in the collective
organization of animal architecture. Photograph by Peter R. Marting.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_1.txt,groundtruth,34_1.txt,"On the cover: A close-up image showing a honey bee (Apis mellifera) visiting a sunflower (Helianthus annuus) head in the Argentine Pampas. The domesticated honey bee is the main pollinator
of this flower, as well as of most leading animal-pollinated crops. In this issue,
Aizen and Harder (pages 915–918) analyze data from the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations and find that, in contrast to recent claims of a global pollination
crisis, the global population of managed honey bees has increased by ∼45% during the
past half century. Nevertheless, the authors find a >300% increase in the fraction
of agriculture dependent on animal pollination during the same period. This rapid
expansion has the potential to trigger future pollination problems for both pollinator-dependent
crops and native plant species in neighboring areas. Such environmental costs deserve
consideration during the development of agriculture and conservation policies. Photograph
by Malena Sabatino.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_14.txt,vith,19_14.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_5.png,D,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,clip,29_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,"Liposomal antibiotics unleash antitumor immune response
An illustration of liposomal antibiotics (pink lipid particles) targeting tumor-associated bacteria (colored spheres in central purple tumor), leading to activation of T cells (white) by cytokines (orange) released from antigen-presenting cells (not shown). Wang et al. show that killing bacteria in tumors by liposomal delivery of antibiotics generates neoantigens that enhance T cell antitumor immunity in a mouse model of colon cancer.
See Wang et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,train
Nature Food,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_11.png,D,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Climate-vulnerable supply
Food systems in the United Kingdom have been under the spotlight due to Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic — as have inequalities within them. Increasing climate change adds precarity to the supply of fruit and vegetables in the UK. In 1987, 42% of fruit and vegetable supply in the UK was domestically produced; in 2013, 22% of the supply was homegrown. Over the same period, the diversity of crops, including tropical fruits, presented to the UK consumer has increased, as have imports from climate-vulnerable countries. This reliance may impact availability and the price of fruit and vegetables, with impacts on dietary quality and nutrition likely to be felt among lower-income and more vulnerable sections of society.
See Scheelbeek et al.
Image: Alex Hinds / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Food loss and waste
Food that is lost or wasted along supply chains contributes to climate change, depletes natural resources, threatens economic stability and compromises progress towards food security. A global database identifies regional hotspots in low- and middle-income regions where food loss and waste (FLW) in agricultural production and post-harvest handling and storage contribute towards nutrient losses and environmental footprints. Between 2004 and 2014, FLW increased by a quarter, especially in regions confronted with food insecurity. Overconsumption in high-income regions drives FLW elsewhere via international trade. Policies and strategies aimed at reducing FLW must consider the complex interplay between food production, trade, consumption patterns, and their social and environmental impacts.
See Gatto et al.
Image: Paul Smith / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/4_1.png,D,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,vitg,3_6.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,vith,3_7.txt,"Hundreds of new mouse genes functionally linked to CVD
Spielmann et al. screen the cardiac function and structure of about 4,000 monogenic knockout mice to identify 486 new genes whose lack results in cardiac disease, and validate a number of these genes in humans via UK Biobank human data.
See Spielmann et al. and News & Views by Ahlberg and Olesen
Image: Chih-Wei Hsu, Baylor College of Medicine. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"A mesenchymal progenitor for lymphatic endothelium
Lupu et al. demonstrate that mammalian lymphatic endothelial cells are specified directly from a population of specialized angioblasts, in a process that does not require transdifferentiation from venous endothelium.
See Lupu et al.
Image: Maria Diaz de la Loza, Scientific Illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.png,C,"Looking back on 2022, inspired by the Year in Reviews on p67
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_11.txt,vitg,20_11.txt,"Looking back on 2023, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p72.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_11.txt,ave_0,21_11.txt,"Breaking barriers, inspired by the Review on p222.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"The evolving landscape in HCC, inspired by the Review on p203
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_9.txt,clip,20_9.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_2.png,C,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"Phasing in physicochemical features
Phase transitions give rise to macromolecular assemblies at a distinct physical scale, encoding functions that surpass those of their individual molecular constituents. This image illustrates the emerging electrochemistry of biomolecular condensates.
See Wang et al.
Image: Hualin Ou and Yifan Dai, Washington University in St. Louis. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Focus on phase separation
Phase separation participates in biological processes as a fundamental mechanism for assembling subcellular structures and provides new perspectives for basic study and therapeutic applications. The cover depicts drops of dew condensing on a leaf, symbolizing condensates formed via phase separation in cells.
See Jingjing Xie et al.
Image credit: Xuefeng Sun (photography), Hao He (image editing), Guangya Zhu (design). Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_1.txt,ave_1,18_1.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_2.png,A,"Menstruation matters
Menstruation is part of human life but is stigmatized and rarely discussed openly, and this has far-reaching implications for health, poverty and gender inequity. It is time for this to change. This Focus throws light on some of the most important ways that menstruation shapes society, health and individual lives. With it, we hope to spark more open conversations about menstruation.
See Focus
Image: andrew payne/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,vitg,6_12.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
As the climate clock is ticking closer to tipping points, the time for urgent, decisive action is now. This issue features a Focus on human behaviour and climate change, in collaboration with Nature Climate Change. The Focus includes a broad range of Review and Opinion content on the role of human behaviour in adaption to climate change and mitigation of its negative consequences.
Cover image: MicrovOne/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_2.txt,ave_2,6_2.txt,val
ACS Central Science,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_3.png,C,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,"All-perovskite tandem solar cells promise higher power conversion efficiencies than their single-junction counterparts. This outlook focuses on the main challenges and advances for perovskite absorbers and functional layers in a tandem devise, aiming to draw a roadmap for approaching highly efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_12.txt,vitg,2023_12.txt,"The signature of spin liquid is its diffraction pattern containing structured diffuse scattering. The diffraction patterns of the seven highest symmetry frustrated magnetic topologies are shown here, tiled into a pattern evoking traditional weaving.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,vith,2024_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.png,D,"elevated radiodensity, enabling real-time tracking of material development in living organisms through radioimaging. These hydrogels stand as a versatile and adjustable platform, allowing for the tunability of mechanical properties, swelling, and rates of biodegradation. Noteworthy for their cell-interactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, these materials signify a leap forward in bioengineering innovation, specifically within the field of tissue engineering. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,"Sulfate-free surface cellulose nanocrystals helped to fabricate highly stable, sensitive, and lightweight flexible thermal sensors for continuous monitoring of temperature profiles. Along with high stability, a sensitivity of 0.6%/℃ can be achieved with the CNC-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,val
Nature Reviews Nephrology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_1.png,B,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,vitg,17_12.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"The balancing act of regulatory T cells, inspired by the Review on p544.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_13.png,C,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"The reviews in this issue are focussing on new emerging trends within the maturing
field of plant systems biology. In one of the reviews, on pages 212–221, Seung Yon
Rhee and Marek Mutwil introduce computational and statistical approaches and omics
data used for inferring gene function in plants, with an emphasis on network-based
inference. The authors also discuss caveats associated with network-based function
predictions such as performance assessment, annotation propagation, the guilt-by-association
concept, and the meaning of hubs. Finally, the authors note the current limitations
and possible future directions such as the need for gold standard data from several
species, unified access to data and tools, quantitative comparison of data and tool
quality, and high-throughput experimental validation platforms for systematic gene
function elucidation in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of
Lego-like ‘click chemistry’ – combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and
diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms
to plants and animals, including humans. Ming-Ming Chen, Peng Wang and colleagues
review click chemistry reactions and their applications in plant systems to visualize
plant
biological processes. Click chemistry is one of an array of modern tools highlighted
in
this special issue that offer new opportunities to explore and understand the underlying
molecular mechanisms of many biological processes in plants, as well as finding
applications in agriculture for delivering smart crops fit for the 21st century. Image
credit:
Ming-Ming Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_13.txt,groundtruth,29_13.txt,"The past 25 years since the first molecular approaches to plant cell cycle have witnessed
enormous advances in this field that have also demonstrated the functional relevance
of cell cycle regulators for virtually every aspect of plant life. On pages 823–833,
Crisanto Gutierrez takes stock of the latest plant cell cycle developments and contemplates
on where the field is heading. Image credits: background root image Z. Vergara and
cover J.I. Belio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/21_3.txt,vith,21_3.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_9.png,C,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,vith,2_3.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,vitg,2_11.txt,"Sex and the brain across the lifespan
How the brain changes as a function of sex and as we age are profound and relatively under-researched questions. The April cover challenges us to consider the maturation stages that make up the developmental trajectory over the lifespan and suggest the different windows of time in which the interplay of systems is especially salient, such as neuroendocrine function and puberty.
See our Editorial for more insights into sex and the brain across the lifespan.
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_9.txt,groundtruth,2_9.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,clip,2_5.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_18.png,A,"The painting conveys an anti-depression theme using a small chemical molecule, S-3a, derived from the modification of the natural product scopolamine. Dark clouds symbolize depression, while S-3a pierces through them like an arrow, allowing the sun to shine on the Earth, symbolizing the treatment of depression.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,clip,2018_2.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,vith,2024_22.txt,"Cannabis alleviates pain by potentiating glycine receptors at a lipid-facing binding site. The cover depicts one of the screened FDA-approved drugs producing even greater potentiation at the same site. (Wells, M. M.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 2958–2966) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2015_15.txt,vitg,2015_15.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.png,A,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,ave_2,2023_8.txt,"The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_5.png,A,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the
most widespread global chronic liver disease. This month, Miao et al. (pp. 697–707)
discuss the hepatic and extrahepatic health outcomes of MASLD, its epidemiology
and economic burden on healthcare systems, calling for new public health strategies
to reduce the impact of this condition. On the cover, the steatotic liver, shackled
above the earth, symbolizes the heavy global burden of MASLD. Its scars and nodules
indicate the disease progression to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, or even cirrhosis.
The
red alert serves as a reminder to focus on this urgent issue and calls for attention
from
the whole world. Cover credit: concept design from Ming-Hua Zheng and Lei Miao;
illustration/colourisation from Peng Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_5.txt,groundtruth,35_5.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,vitg,27_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_12.png,C,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.
Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,ave_1,8_11.txt,"Incorporating polar co-monomers into otherwise unfunctionalized polyolefins affords materials with distinct properties but poses a challenge for archetypal metal catalysts, which are typically poisoned on binding to heteroatom lone pairs. This cover image depicts one strategy to overcome this challenge, whereby one metal centre sequesters a polar group, with an adjacent metal centre then being able to insert the olefin into a growing polymer chain.
See: Chen, C. Designing catalysts for olefin polymerization and copolymerization: beyond electronic and steric tuning.  Nat. Rev. Chem.  (2018).
Image: David Schilter Design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_8.txt,clip,2_8.txt,"The use of ratchet mechanisms to directionally bias molecular level dynamics is increasingly well understood but their potential for enabling thermodynamically unfavourable chemical transformations is less well recognised. Mechanisms of light-driven endergonic synthesis parallel the ratchet mechanisms that underpin the operation of artificial molecular motors. Advances in molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis and artificial photosynthesis also reveal fundamentally related phenomena. The cover image highlights how ratchet mechanisms enable energetically uphill processes by providing an alternative pathway (analogous to Maxwell’s demon) for otherwise-forbidden endergonic chemical reactions (illustrated by the apparently unachievable task given to Sisyphus), powered by an orthogonal exergonic procedure, often through catalysis. Mastery of molecular ratchets could be transformative for expanding the chemist’s toolbox, offering new paradigms in reactivity, complexity and control. See Borsley et al.
Image: Anna Tanczos Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"Discovery and design of new therapeutics require understanding of processes across different spatiotemporal scales. The development of multiscale simulation techniques enables us to simultaneously study drug mechanism of action at both atomic and cellular level. The cover image is a representative example of a quantum mechanics&ndash;molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model of an enzyme&ndash;drug complex (data from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (21), pp 8001&ndash;8015).
Image: Adrian Mulholland, Pek IeongDesign: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_9.txt,ave_2,2_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_6.png,D,"Ongoing developments in our ability to produce shorter and shorter X-ray pulses are enabling nuclear and electronic dynamics to be tracked with temporal resolution in the femtosecond–attosecond range. The image shows a transient absorption spectrum that allows the ring-opening of photoexcited cyclohexadiene to be followed in exquisite detail. See: Kraus, P. M. et al.
Image: Kristina Chang. Data: Andrew Attar. Cover Design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_7.txt,ave_1,2_7.txt,"The design of magnetic molecules for applications in, for example, data storage, quantum information or spintronics, requires the preservation and control of spins. This calls for a deep understanding of how molecules interact with their environment — electromagnetic fields, molecular vibrations, other magnetic molecules. The problem concerns many degrees of freedom, but state-of-the-art ab initio computations combined with data driven approaches to materials modelling can be integrated into multiscale strategies in order to define design rules for magnetic molecules. See Lunghi and Sanvito
Image: Alessandro Lunghi and Stefano Sanvito, Trinity College Dublin; Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_2.txt,ave_2,6_2.txt,"Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al.
Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt,clip,7_11.txt,"Aromaticity is a controversial topic. Although widely used for the prediction and interpretation of chemical stability of both ground and excited states of molecules, no single index is known that unambiguously describes it. There has been a recent surge in reports using aromaticity to justify the stability of heavy elements’ clusters including actinides. The image shows a relief map of the induced current density — one of several state-of-the-art methods for examining aromaticity — applied to a tri-thorium cluster. The height of plots are proportional to the current intensity at each point. Recent developments in this field can transform our understanding of aromaticity, more than one and a half-century since this concept was introduced. For a review of state-of-the-art probes that have been used for assessing the aromaticity of heavy element clusters see Badri et al.
Image: Cina Foroutan-Nejad; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_11.png,B,"On The Cover The IMMUTANS locus of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX, a versatile terminal (plastoquinol)
oxidase in plastid membranes. It plays a central role in regulating the redox state
of membranes in chloroplasts and non-green plastids. The immutans variegation mutant (shown) has green- and white-sectored leaves due to the absence
of PTOX, and over the years it has served as a model system to understand the function
of this protein in plastid metabolism and processes of photosynthesis and plastid
differentiation. In this paper, studies of immutans reveal that PTOX mediates carotenogenesis, as well as novel pathways of electron
transport, in membranes in etioplasts of dark grown seedlings. These paths likely
define one or more processes of “etiorespiration” in which molecular oxygen is consumed
to form water at the expense of electrons from NAD(P)H. Image by: Sekhar Kambakam.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_4.txt,clip,9_4.txt,"On the cover: Understanding the origin of crops is crucial for their breeding and genetic modification.
Despite of considerable efforts for decades, attempting to generate artificial hexaploids
from diploid and tetraploid wild relatives of sweetpotato has been unsuccessful, probably
because the progenitor species of cultivated sweetpotato still remains unclear. In
this issue, by using multiple genetic and genomic approaches Yan et al. have identified
two probable progenitors and unraveled the genetic backstory about the formation of
cultivated sweetpotato. Just as depicted on the cover image, the study by Yan et al.
closely resembles performing a paternity test to establish a genetic link between
cultivated sweetpotato and their progenitors. Image by Mengxiao Yan and Yukun Hao
with the assistance of DALL·E 3 (https://openai.com/dall-e-3).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_11.txt,groundtruth,17_11.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,vitg,16_13.txt,"On The Cover The tree imitates the phylogeny of Cucurbitaceae, with flowers and fruits of representative
cucurbits. Image by: Guo Jing, Weibin Xu, Yi Hu, Jie Huang, Yiyong Zhao, Lin Zhang,
Chien-Hsun Huang, Hong Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_6.txt,vith,13_6.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,ave_3,4_3.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kim et al. combine a black box optimizer with a white box logical model to create a gray box
framework for predicting anti-cancer drug responses. The cover image depicts silver
cubes representing the gray box framework. Cover image courtesy gettyimages/Iana Kunitsa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_5.png,D,"On pages 472–483 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Goodsell, Olson, and Forli provide an update, almost thirty years in the making,
of how structural information can be integrated with light microscopy and -omics data,
among others, to depict the cellular mesoscale. This is the level at where one can
observe how individual molecular components come together and interact in living systems.
For example, on the cover, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is illustrated.
Cover image designed by Dr. Goodsell, in collaboration with Daniel Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_7.txt,clip,45_7.txt,"Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have transformed the technique
from low-resolution ‘blobology’ to one which bears high-resolution structures. In
this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 837-848, Drs. Radostin Danev, Haruaki Yanagisawa, and Masahide Kikkawa explore
the current state of single particle analysis (SPA) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET),
and discuss areas where additional advancements are needed as well as where progress
is expected. Cover image source: iStock/somchaij.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_3.txt,vith,44_3.txt,"This month marks the 40th anniversary of TiBS. To celebrate, we offer a special issue
that is focused on a rapidly-advancing area that spans the full scope of TiBS: macromolecular
complexes. The cover design compares the cell to a birthday party, with each of the
complexes acting as players in the scene. As the cover suggests, we include Reviews
on the nuclear pore complex, dynein, GroEL-GroES, the proteasome, and many more. Cover
design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_14.txt,vitg,41_14.txt,"For Gram-negative bacteria to survive and possess virulence, outer
membrane proteins (OMPs) must be properly made and maintained. In their article on
pages 667–680, Taylor Devlin and Dr. Karen Fleming describe the team of chaperones
and proteases with both redundant and unique functions that exist to help unfolded
precursor OMPs traverse the periplasm and facilitate proper OMP assembly at the OM.
Cover art by Anneliese Faustino.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_5.txt,groundtruth,49_5.txt,val
Nature Nanotechnology,19_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_10.png,D,"Counting protein subunits in native membrane nanodiscs
The cover image depicts the capturing of cellular membranes together with their native environment in the form of nanodiscs using amphipathic copolymers. Imaged by a single-molecule technique, the nanodiscs reveal the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins.
See Walker et al.
Credit line: Hannah Wang, Yale University; Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,"Nanoparticles functionalized with photoresponsive molecules assemble into supracrystals on irradiation with UV light and disassemble on irradiation with visible light. These dynamic structures can trap small molecules from the surrounding solution and accelerate chemical reactions in repeated cycles. The artist's impression in the cover shows anthracene dimerization inside the supracrystal structure, with reactants going in and products coming out.
Article p82; News & Views p6
IMAGE: ELLA MARUSHCHENKO
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/11_12.txt,clip,11_12.txt,"When nanotechnology focuses on COVID-19
Nanotechnology expertise and tools provide valuable contributions to the development of therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for COVID-19. In this Focus issue, nanotechnologists depict the key roles that nanotechnology plays in preclinical and clinical SARS-CoV-2 research. In COVID-19 vaccine development, nanoparticles enable the delivery of antigens, in particular nucleic acids, which are important vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials. Moreover, researchers can build on long-standing expertise in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to improve the treatment efficacy of drugs currently repurposed for COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based sensors can be rapidly adapted for the sensitive early diagnosis of COVID-19, and expertise in immunoengineering and cancer vaccine development provides important insight into immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19, as illustrated on the cover, which shows some of the crucial players of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The time is ripe for nanotechnology to make a real clinical impact.
See Florindo et al.
Image: Rita Acúrcio, University of Lisbon. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/15_5.txt,vith,15_5.txt,"A DNA turbine across a nanopore
The cover image depicts the design of a DNA origami-based nanoturbine with a central axle connected to three blades arranged in a chiral configuration docked into a solid-state nanopore. Imaged by a single-molecule technique, the nanoturbine shows sustained rotation driven by a transmembrane electrochemical potential across the nanopore.
See Shi et al.
Image: Cees Dekker Lab / SciXel. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_10.txt,groundtruth,19_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_2.png,B,"Nanoparticles can be systemically injected into the body for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active transport mechanisms may enable nanoparticles to enter the tumour through active endothelial transport processes, retain in the tumour owing to interactions with tumour components, and exit the tumour through lymphatic vessels. See Luan N.M. Nguyen et al.
Cover image: Matthew Nguyen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.txt,vith,2_10.txt,"Viruses and virus-like particles can be repurposed as tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy to elicit anti-tumour immunity and induce systemic anti-tumour responses at distant non-injected sites. See Anthony O. Omole et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_2.txt,groundtruth,2_2.txt,"Mathematical models can make use of clinical data and incorporate knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms of cancer growth and resistance to describe the response of tumour cells to cancer treatment and design treatment schedules that account for patient-specific responses. See Thomas O. McDonald et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_17.png,B,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,Bipyridine–silver(I) compounds with phosphane co-ligands induce paraptotic cell death and emerge as interesting drug candidates for the treatment of resistant ovarian cancer (created with BioRender.com). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_10.png,C,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,vith,5_10.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea of challenging gender stereotypes in physics. See Wade
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the measurement of the W boson mass. See Kotwal
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,clip,6_4.txt,train
Current Biology,34_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_8.png,B,"On the cover: A young adult ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus). In this issue, Jahanbakhsh and Milinkovitch (pages 5069–5082) show that multiple
divergent species of lizards have independently evolved dynamics of scale-by-scale
skin color patterning. This process emerges from the superposition of the bumpy skin
geometry (due to the presence of scales) on top of the self-organized chromatophore
cells. The authors further demonstrate that reaction-diffusion, cellular automaton,
and Lenz-Ising models predict, in all species, the statistical features of the patterns
despite their substantially different motifs, whereas reaction-diffusion better predicts
exact scale-by-scale colors. Finally, Jahanbakhsh and Milinkovitch show that residual
scale-by-scale error is entirely explained by uncertainties in skin geometry and in
color measurements at the juvenile stage, making reaction-diffusion remarkably performant
without the need to parametrize the profusion of variables at the nanoscopic and microscopic
scales. Image by Fabrice Berger.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_2.txt,clip,32_2.txt,"On the cover: A shingleback lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) in defensive display shows off its characteristic bright blue tongue. In this issue,
Brennan et al. explore how novel phenotypes—like the shingleback—arise through discontinuous evolutionary
processes. In Australia, heterogeneous morphological evolution has led to an array
of forms, from giant blue-tongue lizards to armored dwarf skinks. Photograph © Jules
Farquhar; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_8.txt,groundtruth,34_8.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: Five different species of snakes, including the aquatic garter snake
(Thamnophis atratus), are known to consume extremely toxic amphibian prey such as the rough-skinned newt
(Taricha granulosa). Extreme toxicity and the snake's resistance to it arise from coevolutionary arms
races between predators and prey. In this issue, McGlothlin and colleagues (pages
1616–1621) trace the evolutionary history of such arms races and show that their origins
depend on evolutionary changes that occurred millions of years in the past. Photograph
© Richard Greene; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_13.txt,ave_2,26_13.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_97,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_97.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER From the Tip Leveraging the flexibility that is possible when using soft materials, Hawkes et al. used pneumatics to extend the tip of a robot over an extended distance. They inflated chambers on only one side of the robot to make it turn. An onboard camera connected to a feedback loop allowed the robot to track toward a distant light source. [CREDIT: LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/2_8.txt,vitg,2_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,ave_2,7_68.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artificial Intelligence—Solving Decision-Making Problems in Dynamical Systems. Autonomous robots need the ability to adaptively make decisions in unstructured and dynamic environments. Rivière et al. have now developed Spectral Expansion Tree Search, a real-time space planning algorithm that can construct representations of the real world and converge to optimal solutions, enabling autonomous robot decision-making in complex environments. They demonstrated the ability of their framework experimentally with aerial and ground robots with the potential to discover optimal trajectories in complex environments. This month’s cover is an image of a robot mimicking a spacecraft deployed with their framework in a simulated frictionless environment. Credit: Vicki Chiu",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_97.txt,groundtruth,9_97.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_4.png,C,"River floods have direct and indirect consequences for society, causing fatalities, displacement and economic loss. This Review examines the physical and socioeconomic causes and impacts of disastrous river flooding, and past and projected trends in their occurrence. See Merz et al.
Image: Pavel Metluk / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Understanding of the Sumatran subduction zone and its hazards has increased since the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. This Review commemorates the 20th anniversary of this event by outlining these insights and how they can inform future strategies to improve tsunami preparedness.
Jon Bower / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/6_1.txt,ave_3,6_1.txt,"Mine tailings are voluminous and often-toxic wastes, whose management is a global safety and sustainability challenge. This Review summarizes major tailings storage facility disasters and impacts, emphasizing the need for risk reduction approaches for management and policy.
Image credit: Agencia Brasil/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"Detection, monitoring, and prediction are essential to managing landslide risk. This Technical Review examines the use of remote sensing technology in tracking landslides and mitigating disaster.
Image credit: Pulsar Imagens/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_12.png,A,"Integrated protein structure modeling for cryo-EM
DeepMainmast builds structures of protein complexes from cryo-electron microscopy maps. It uses deep learning to identify key atom positions in the density, which are then connected to build fragment structures. Fragments are combined into a full structure, which is refined to atomic detail.
See Terashi et al.
Image: Pranav Deep Punuru, Purdue University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,vith,11_3.txt,"Method of the Year 2021: Protein structure prediction
Protein structure prediction is our Method of the Year 2021, for the recent development of deep-learning-based methods that predict structures with unprecedented accuracy. On the cover, a blizzard of protein structure models from the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/), predicted by the method AlphaFold2.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_12.txt,ave_1,19_12.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,test
Nature Electronics,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_1.png,A,"A new quantum standard of resistance
High-accuracy measurements of Hall resistance quantization in the quantum anomalous Hall effect regime on a device based on a magnetically doped topological insulator show that the system could provide a quantum resistance standard at zero external magnetic field. The optical differential interference contrast microscopy image on the cover shows the quantum anomalous Hall effect device, which is fabricated from the topological insulator vanadium-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3.
See Patel et al. and News & Views by Callegaro
Image: Kajetan Fijalkowski, University of Würzburg. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vitg,5_4.txt,"Nanotube transistors get up to speed
High-speed transistors that are based on arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes could potentially be scaled for operation in millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a six-finger nanotube transistor that is fabricated on a silicon wafer and can be used to build a radiofrequency amplifier.
See Shi et al.
Image: Lian-Mao Peng, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_7.txt,clip,4_7.txt,"Two-dimensional devices stack up
Graphene chemisensors and molybdenum disulfide memtransistors can be vertically stacked using a monolithic integration process to create near-sensor computing chips. The false-colour scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a two-tier cell containing two graphene chemitransistors located above two molybdenum disulfide memtransistors.
See Ghosh et al. and News & Views by Han et al.
Image: Saptarshi Das, Subir Ghosh, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_3.txt,vith,7_3.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_1.png,B,"On the cover: In celebration of the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe, this issue features “Voices” from 10 leading experts in their field as they reflect
on the journal's journey over the past decade. We also bring to you 10 Reviews and
Perspectives from leading authors that highlight broad themes in host-microbe biology.
The cover image illustrates the many microbes and hosts that are highlighted in these
Reviews and Perspectives and in fields that the journal has been proud to publish
in over the past 10 years. The cover image was generated by Sean Kilian and contributed
by Julia Vorholt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/22_5.txt,ave_1,22_5.txt,"On the cover: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of neutrophils (blue) infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (pink) and releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs, yellow). In this issue
of Cell Host & Microbe, Sur Chowdhury and colleagues demonstrate that extracellular M. tuberculosis are directly associated with the NETs that are studded with antimicrobial effectors,
but the M. tuberculosis are not killed and instead thrive in the presence of the NETs neutrophils.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: Since its identification in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has circulated
the globe and continues to adapt to its human host. In response, our immune system
presents an arsenal of defense strategies, which can be bolstered by vaccine (re-)enforcements.
In this Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe, we present a series of articles that highlight this host-virus interplay, depicted
on the cover as an abstract portrayal of how the host (magenta) and virus (blue) continuously
interact. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is reviewed by Lowery et al. (1052–1062),
while the adaptive responses are addressed by Röltgen and Boyd (1063–1075) and Grifoni
et al. (1076–1092), with Tauzin et al. (1137–1150) and Motozono et al. (1124–1136)
reporting how a single vaccine dose and key residue changes in emerging variants impact
adaptive immunity, respectively. Wang and colleagues (1043–1047) discuss how overactive
immune responses can have lasting consequences, and Bogunovic and Merad (1040–1042)
comment on SARS-CoV-2 in children; Montefiori and Acharya (1162) provide a SnapShot
of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of therapeutic interest, and Case et al. (1151–1161) report
on the therapeutic efficacy of miniproteins. Decades of work in HIV have been critical
for our rapid response to SARS-CoV-2, as discussed by Fischer et al. (1093–1110),
who compare these two pandemic viruses. Strategies that enabled the rapid development
and distribution of vaccines along with challenges ahead are reviewed by Subbarao
(1111–1123), while Schaeffer et al. (1048–1051) discuss the prospect of herd immunity
and Bhadelia (1036–1039) highlights the need to curb global inequalities in vaccine
distribution. Cover illustration by Julie Ho Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_6.txt,clip,29_6.txt,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_10.png,D,"A path for AI in the pandemic
In three Comments this issue several groups of experts discuss what role AI can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Though AI and machine learning researchers are ready and willing to play their part, it is not an easy task to identify where developments can be most useful. A close collaboration with health workers is required, as well as consideration of how new tools can make a global impact, with adaptability to local situations. One fast-emerging application of machine learning is in data-driven, digital solutions for tracing and tracking COVID-19 infections, but there are alarm bells ringing over the dangers of surveillance creep. In a series of short interviews we delve into the debate about contact track-and-trace apps and the whether it is possible to get the balance right between protecting public health and safeguarding civil rights with digital surveillance tools.
See Luengo-Oroz et al., Peiffer-Smadja et al., Hu et al. and Q&A
Image: sleepyfellow / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Speeding up blood flow scans
4D MRI scans can be used to track cardiovascular blood flow over time, and are important for diagnosing a range of cardiovascular diseases. The cover image in this issue shows blood flow reconstructed from these scans by a deep variational neural network developed by Vishnevskiy and colleagues. This approach may speed up diagnostic workflows, allowing clinicians to view blood flow in close to real-time.
See Vishnevskiy et al.
Image: V.Vishnevskiy and S.Kozerke. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_9.txt,vith,2_9.txt,"Learning phenotypes from cardiac geometry
Understanding the genetic factors that underlie the normal variation in cardiac shape is of great interest. In this work, Bonazzola et al. apply unsupervised geometric deep learning to phenotype the left ventricle by using an MRI-derived three-dimensional mesh representation (as depicted on the cover). The authors show that this approach boosts genetic discovery and provides deeper insights into the genetic underpinnings of cardiac morphology.
See Bonazzola et al.
Image: Rodrigo Bonazzola, University of Leeds. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_9.png,B,"COVER: ‘Hippocampal hieroglyphs’ inspired by the Review on p193
Credit: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_9.txt,clip,20_9.txt,"‘Altered activity’, inspired by the Perspective on p272.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"‘Brain activity on the move’, inspired by the Perspective on p347.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_7.txt,vith,24_7.txt,"‘SARS-CoV-2 and the brain’, inspired by the Review on p30.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.txt,vitg,25_12.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_5.png,A,"Tension builds
A 3D printing technique that relies on tension to pull metal ink from a nozzle can create free-standing metallic structures with high conductivities and aspect ratios. The photograph on the cover shows an electromagnetic bandgap metamaterial fabricated with the tension-driven 3D printing technique.
See Ling et al. and News & Views by Yang
Image: Tee Research Group, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"Printing stretchable electronics in three dimensions
Three-dimensional structures made of stretchable conductors can be printed using an emulsion-based composite ink. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the capabilities of the approach, which can be used to create different three-dimensional geometries that have a minimum feature size of less than 100 μm and a stretchability of more than 150%.
See Lee et al. and News & Views by Zhou & Yuk
Image: Seungjun Chung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_9.txt,ave_2,6_9.txt,"Tactile textiles from functional fibres
Fibres with a coaxial structure in which conductive stainless-steel threads are coated with a piezoresistive nanocomposite can be machine knitted into wearable garments — including gloves, vests and socks — that can be used to monitor and recognize tactile interactions. The optical image on the cover shows a stainless-steel thread (top), coaxial piezoresistive fibre (middle) and acrylic knitting yarn (bottom).
See Luo et al. and News & Views by Chen et al.
Image: Wan Shou and Yiyue Luo (MIT). Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_10.txt,clip,4_10.txt,"3D-printed soft electronics
Hydrogel-based electronic devices can be fabricated using a stretchable silver–hydrogel ink and an embedded 3D-printing technology. The photograph on the cover shows a 3D-printed conductive structure embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix.
See Hui et al.
Image: Yue Hui, Westlake University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_1.txt,vith,5_1.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_12.png,A,"Prediction of life outcomes
While the socio-demographic factors that play an important role in human lives are well understood, accurately predicting life outcomes has not been possible. In this issue, Sune Lehmann et al. introduce a machine learning approach, based on language processing techniques, that can predict different aspects of human lives. The proposed model — called ‘life2vec’ — establishes relationships between concepts, captured by an embedding space, that form the foundation for the predictions of life outcomes. The image depicts such an embedding space as it converges, where the white dots represent individuals and white lines represent how they move as the model is optimized. The shades of blue represent the density of points: the brighter the blue, the higher the density.
See Sune Lehmann et al.
Image: Germans Savcisens, Technical University of Copenhagen. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"Adversarial learning extended to the quantum domain
The cover depicts quantum adversarial learning on a superconducting platform, where the shield held by a fencer represents the defense of a quantum learning model against potential adversarial attacks. The arena, with a symbol of atoms at the center, represents a programmable quantum processor providing the underlying learning framework.
See Ren et al. and Banchi
Image: Wenhui Ren, Weikang Li, Wenjie Jiang. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_2.txt,vitg,2_2.txt,"Efficient protein model refinement with deep learning
Protein refinement methods, which are used to improve the quality of protein structural models, commonly rely on extensive conformational sampling, and therefore, are very time-consuming. In this issue, Xiaoyang Jing and Jinbo Xu propose a method that uses graph neural networks to substantially reduce the time taken to refine protein models, from hours to minutes on a single CPU, while having comparable accuracy with the leading approaches in the field.
SeeXiaoyang Jing and Jinbo XuandPhilip Kim
Image: Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_6.png,C,"This cover art illustrates a plasmonic stamp, assembled from gold nanoparticles on an optically transparent, flexible PDMS stamp. The stamps can be used to drive nearby surface chemistry on semiconductor surfaces, such as silicon, with light. Upon illumination with green light, the electric field of the localized surface plasmons of the gold in the plasmonic stamp generates nearby electron–hole pairs in the silicon, which then drive a hydrosilylation reaction between surface Si–H groups and an alkene “ink”, yielding domains of alkyl-based monolayers on the silicon surface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2019_8.txt,clip,2019_8.txt,The cover art shows electrodeposited zinc nanohexagons (Nhexs; ~300 nm in diameter and ~10–20 nm in thickness). The high surface area zinc NHexs can enhance the electrocatalytic properties of the electrodes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2023_15.txt,vitg,2023_15.txt,"from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The supramolecular system with iodine (Cdots-HPβCD/I2) exhibits iodine release and antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria. Low cytotoxicity and effective interactions with human cells were demonstrated. The bioinspired Cdots-HPβCD, combining good optical properties and nanocarrier capability, is a promising candidate for multimodal therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,The cover graphics illustrate the encapsulation of a fluorescein guest molecule by a nanoporous ZIF‑8 framework to achieve light-emissive nanoparticles (represented by the faceted polyhedrons).  The lamp represents an irradiation source for converting ultraviolet light into a tunable white light by harnessing the fluorescein@ZIF‑8 nanoparticles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2021_3.txt,vith,2021_3.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_22.png,B,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,"This study modifies the ZSM-5 zeolite support of Au/ZSM-5 catalysts through desilication-recrystallization to increase activity for partial methane oxidation. The treatment notably enhances oxygenate yield, primarily of methanol and acetic acid, by redistributing acid sites across the zeolite surface and stabilizing gold nanoparticles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,All-inorganic noble-metal-free thiomolybdate anions anchor covalently and irreversibly to a range of oxide surfaces by undergoing a partial ligand displacement. We show that the heterogenized clusters act as stable and efficient light-driven hydrogen evolution co-catalysts when photosensitized by a semiconductor support (Cover design by Stephen Myakala).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_14.txt,vith,2022_14.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_3.png,B,Insight into the redox properties of sulfated metal oxides was gained by observation of anomalous orthogonal organometallic reactivity upon chemisorption of an iridium precatalyst onto the oxide surface. This cover depicts the complex sulfate speciation that was investigated in order to identify the surface architecture responsible for this oxidation behavior. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_32.txt,vith,2018_32.txt,"Hierarchically aligned zeolite crystals with tunable a-axis substructures were synthesized by using the dual structure-directing agents, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide. The ordered hierarchical structures enable directional mass transport, resulting in enhanced diffusion, catalytic activity, and stability.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,Light promotes electrons in certain positions of a three-dimensional covalent organic framework into collective excited states. Cover art by Alfy Benny.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_16.txt,clip,2022_16.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_4.png,B,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"On the cover: “Virtue Lies in Balance.” The image illustrates the origin of muscle
formation, starting with the muscle stem cell (in blue) and culminating in muscle
fibers (in pink), separated by a curve that embodies the precise balance governing
this transition. In the accompanying study, the authors show that perturbing this
metabolic balance during muscle stem cell differentiation leads to disproportionate
muscle development. To delve into the role of glutamine metabolism in muscle stem
cell fate, see Soro and Fitzgerald et al. Image credit: Maria de la Fuente Soro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_4.txt,groundtruth,59_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_1,56_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_14.png,A,"Ketone bodies are mainly synthesized in the mitochondria of hepatocytes in the liver. Remote ischemic post-conditioning stimulates the liver to produce large quantities of ketone bodies, primarily acetoacetate and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,clip,2024_18.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_1,2020_4.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,vitg,2020_3.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_1.png,A,"On the cover: Yang et al. reveal a mechanism of immune evasion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and suggest
the strategy of combining CD155 blockade with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The cover image
shows a cuckoo chick in a host bird’s nest, symbolizing CD49f+ TICs within the tumor microenvironment. The host bird represents neutrophils, attracted
to the cuckoo through its mimicry of the host’s calls, similar to how TICs release
CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils. The host then invests resources to feed the cuckoo,
paralleling neutrophils secreting CCL4 to support TIC survival. As the cuckoo matures,
its feathers (representing CD155) help it blend in and evade predators like the snake,
which symbolizes CD8+ T cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_12.txt,vith,40_12.txt,"On the cover: The presentation of the CD44 variant (CD44v) licenses cancer cell (car)
to receive a supply of Cysteine (Cys) through the xCT cystine transporter (salesclerk).
CD44v stabilizes xCT at cell surface and thereby increases the intracellular amounts
of Cys for the synthesis of major antioxidant glutathione. Such CD44v-mediated antioxidative
action protects cancer cells from high levels of ROS in the tumor microenvironment.
See Ishimoto et al., 387–400. Artwork by Emi Kosano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_11.png,C,"Damp-proofing perovskites
Perovskite solar cells have recently taken centre stage in photovoltaic research thanks to their high efficiency in converting solar radiation into electricity. However, they are affected by poor stability, partly caused by moisture. Yang et al. now report a water-resistant layer that protects the surface of the perovskite device from moisture in high-humidity environments.
See Yang et al. 1, 15016 (2016).
IMAGE: Huagui Yang.COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,vitg,6_12.txt,"Protecting the perovskite layer
The stability of perovskite solar cells under operating conditions remains a challenge. Suo et al. develop a sulfonium-based molecule that affords the perovskite material protection against environmental stress factors like moisture or light irradiation, showing solar cells with negligible efficiency loss after 4,500 hours of operation.
See Suo et al.
Image: Dmitry Bogachuk, Solarlab Aiko Europe. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_11.txt,groundtruth,9_11.txt,"Effective defects
Defects are normally detrimental to the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. Du et al. show that in quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells charge-trapping defects assist photoconversion and increase efficiency by supporting charge transfer to the electrodes.
See Du et al.
Image: Jun Du Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_8.txt,vith,5_8.txt,train
Med,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_12.png,A,"On the cover: Many human diseases display variations in their phenotypic manifestation,
which can be attributed to a complex interplay between underlying genetic factors.
In this issue, Levine et al. utilize data from the Human Phenotype Project to map the genetic correlates associated
with traits such as blood sugar levels and sleep quality, providing higher-resolution
links to disease than simple clinical diagnoses. This work suggests that phenotypic
associations may be useful in detecting disease-linked genetic signals before the
threshold for a clinical diagnosis is crossed and offers publicly accessible tools
to further map the exact genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of human health
and disease. Cover art from Boris SV/Moment via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,clip,1_1.txt,"On the cover: Traditional risk factors used to estimate the risk of developing coronary
artery disease (CAD) may still miss some individuals. CAD has a strong genetic component,
and a combination of genetic and clinical factors can yield a CAD polygenic risk score
(CAD PRS). In this issue of Med, Truong et al. develop a genome-wide CAD PRS and then explore its impact on the relationship between
clinical risk factors and CAD. In individuals with a high CAD PRS, the effect of some
known risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, is mitigated, whereas it is enhanced
for other risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol levels. These findings underscore
the complex interplay between genetics and lifestyle factors in CAD risk, highlighting
the need for personalized prevention strategies. Cover credit: Westend61/Westend61
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_8.txt,vitg,5_8.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_2.png,A,"For the first time a N,N-chelating ligand, bis(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)methane is explored as a halogen bond donor in piano-stool half-sandwich noble metal complexes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_11.txt,vitg,2015_11.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_7.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments
caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which,
in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the
boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere
suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption.
Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_4.txt,ave_3,36_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Li et al. reveal that sick neurons release lipids to the glia, causing lipid droplet accumulation
and neuroinflammation. The artwork, inspired by Van Gogh's Starry Night, depicts a brain with lipid droplets. Artwork by Melody Hui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_7.txt,groundtruth,36_7.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,clip,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Stress has a profound impact on gut disorders. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Wei et al. reveal that psychological stress enriches gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate,
which disrupts intestinal stem cell differentiation and triggers epithelial injury.
The depiction of rolling clouds and stirring stars, inspired by Van Gogh’s masterpiece
The Starry Night, represents restless emotions in a person with depression. The broken ground and
castle along the winding river illustrate injured intestinal epithelia. The involvement
of microbes and the metabolite is represented as ants on the broken door. Cover art
by Xiao Zheng and Haiping Hao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_10.txt,vitg,36_10.txt,test
Trends in Microbiology,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_6.png,D,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems
biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves
the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or
protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network,
that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from
Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_3.txt,ave_1,19_3.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines how single cells transition from one to many to exist within a community.
We also examine the benefits and challenges associated with living within a community.
Cover image from iStock/kpalimski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/25_8.txt,vith,25_8.txt,"Bacteria can use chemotaxis to locate and establish ecological
partnerships with other organisms. Previously, it has been estimated that some cells
are
too small to be sensed by chemotactic bacteria. However, as discussed in this issue’s
Opinion piece by Seymour et al., recent evidence points to unsuspected chemotactic
precision and indicates that chemotaxis might underpin ecological interactions between
individual bacterial cells. The cover image highlights how chemotactic bacteria (blue
cells)
may use chemical signals to increase time spent in the proximity of other small bacteria
(green cells) or cluster around larger microbes (e.g. phytoplankton). Image courtesy:
Glynn Gorick, Justin Seymour, Douglas Brumley, Roman Stocker, Jean-Baptiste Rain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.png,B,"Antibody–drug conjugates in cancer, inspired by the Review on p641.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_5.txt,vith,22_5.txt,"The bispecific antibody landscape, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.txt,groundtruth,23_9.txt,"Artificial intelligence in drug design, inspired by the Perspective on p353.
Cover design: Susanne Harris. Original structure image from Kheng Ho Toh/Alamy Stock Photo.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_8.txt,clip,19_8.txt,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,vitg,23_7.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_11.png,C,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,This paper proposes the use of sensor-integrated silicon cantilever arrays to measure drug-induced cardiac toxicity in real time. The proposed platform consists of 4 x 4 arrays of a silicon cantilever integrated with a strain sensor that simultaneously records output signals of cardiac toxicity by measuring the cardiac contraction force and strain sensor changes due to the tissue corresponding to the target drugs. The surface of the silicon cantilever consists of microgrooves to maximize the alignment and contraction force of the cardiomyocytes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,"Visualization of a flow sensor mounted on a guidewire for blood flow measurement in coronary arteries [sensor on wire (SoW)], fabricated through laser sintering of metal nanoparticles: The sensor derives the coronary flow waveform corresponding to the heartbeat.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_1,2016_6.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.png,C,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,clip,2015_2.txt,"This cover describes an engineered metabolic  negative feedback circuit that regulates fatty acid production in response to  the cellular concentration of a key intermediate, malonyl-CoA, in Escherichia coli. Artwork by Yu Xia and  Di Liu based on DOI: 10.1021/sb400158w.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,This cover describes a method of metabolic engineering for the production of ectoine based on the heterologous expression of ectoine synthesis-related genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum to increase ectoine production.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,vitg,2018_12.txt,test
Nature Cities,1_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_7.png,D,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,groundtruth,1_7.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_2.png,A,"Plants can program and reprogram their genomes to create genetic
variation and epigenetic modifications, leading to phenotypic plasticity. While
consequences of genetic changes are well understood, the basis for transgenerational
inheritance of epigenetic variation remains elusive. Shuai Cao, and Z. Jeffrey Chen
review
contributions of external (environmental) and internal (genomic) factors to initiation
and establishment of epigenetic memory during plant evolution, crop domestication,
and modern breeding. Understanding and harnessing epigenetic inheritance will help
developing effective breeding and biotechnological strategies to improve crop yield
and resilience. The cover image of a scientist pruning a hedge symbolizes the selection
process during domestication aimed at “shaping” optimal plant traits. Image credit:
Grayson Ticer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_2.txt,groundtruth,29_2.txt,"Image analysis has become a powerful technique for most plant scientists. In recent
years, dozens of image analysis tools have been published in plant science journals.
These tools cover the full spectrum of plant scales, from single cells, to organs
and canopies. Yet, the field of plant image analysis is still in its infancy. It still
has to overcome important challenges, such as the lack of robust validation practices
or the absence of long-term support. On pages 559–566 Guillaume Lobet presents the
current state of the field, identifies the challenges faced by its community, and
proposes workable ways of improvement. Cover design by Guillaume Lobet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/22_6.txt,vitg,22_6.txt,"Cellular expansive growth is one of the fundamental underpinnings of morphogenesis.
In plant and fungal cells expansive growth is ultimately determined by manipulating
the mechanics of the cell wall. Therefore, theoretical and biophysical descriptions
of cellular growth processes focus on mathematical models of cell wall biomechanical
responses to tensile stresses, produced by the turgor pressure. On pages (467–478)
Anja Geitmann and Joseph K.E. Ortega review the increased use of mechanical modeling
approaches in plant and fungal cell biology with a focus on cellular expansive growth
in walled cells. The authors emphasize the need for the concerted development of both
disciplines. Cover image (false-coloured scanning electron micrograph of an in vitro
germinated lily pollen grain) reproduced with permission from Anja Geitmann and Firas
Bou Daher. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/14_5.txt,vith,14_5.txt,"The reviews in this issue are focussing on new emerging trends within the maturing
field of plant systems biology. In one of the reviews, on pages 212–221, Seung Yon
Rhee and Marek Mutwil introduce computational and statistical approaches and omics
data used for inferring gene function in plants, with an emphasis on network-based
inference. The authors also discuss caveats associated with network-based function
predictions such as performance assessment, annotation propagation, the guilt-by-association
concept, and the meaning of hubs. Finally, the authors note the current limitations
and possible future directions such as the need for gold standard data from several
species, unified access to data and tools, quantitative comparison of data and tool
quality, and high-throughput experimental validation platforms for systematic gene
function elucidation in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,val
Cancer Cell,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_8.png,B,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: Dyikanov et al. develop a machine learning platform that classifies a patient’s immune system into
five immunotypes using a blood test. On the cover, the railway map represents these
immunotypes as train stations with distinct characteristics. G1-naive and G2-primed,
characteristic of immune systems with the greatest potential to respond to immunogenic
stimuli, are represented by a fertile, green landscape. G3-progressive is a transitional
immunotype represented by a central hub. The G4-chronic station is a heavily developed
urban landscape, symbolizing an immune system shaped by persistent activation and
chronic antigen exposure. G5-suppressive is a desert that represents a depleted immune
system. The trains ferry passengers among different stations along the railway lines,
symbolizing the dynamic nature of one’s immunotype depending on their health or disease
status. (Image credit: Alfiia Mustafina).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,"On the cover: The transdifferentiation paths of erythroid precursor cells (EPCs) under
the influence of tumor is delineated from Palantir algorithm‐based single-cell transcriptomic
trajectory analysis (Long et al., 674–693), and embedded into artwork inspired by
Wassily Kandinsky's “Composition 8.” As acquired “organs,” tumors exert a self-beneficial
influence on the immune system by hijacking of erythropoiesis for myelopoiesis. Besides
exacerbating anemia, CD45+ EPCs transdifferentiation generates myeloid cells that
robustly curtail anti‐tumor immunity. Clinically, the abundance of these converted
cells predicts immune tolerance in many human tumor types and resistance to immune
checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Design and painting by Yijie Hou. Conceptual visualization
by Qi-Jing Li and Bo Zhu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_7.txt,vith,40_7.txt,test
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_3.png,C,"Each year, ES&T selects exceptional papers from the previous year in the categories of Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Policy, and Feature Articles for special recognition. This cover salutes the Best Papers of 201",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2019_18.txt,ave_1,2019_18.txt,This ES&T special issue presents new research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from some of the leading experts in the field.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_11.txt,vitg,2021_11.txt,"This study reveals that allergen-harboring extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from allergenic species are widespread in the environment. EVs enhance allergen stability and translocation. It suggests a novel vesicle-mediated pathway for allergen dissemination and implications for human health. Background elements of the city, greenery, and houses in the cover art were generated by the image generation function of ChatGPT 4.0.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The editors of ES&T are delighted to announce the winners of the Environmental Science & Technology 2019 Best Paper Awards, celebrating exceptional papers published in the journal in 2019 in the categories of Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Policy, and Feature Articles. This cover salutes the authors",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2020_13.txt,clip,2020_13.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_2.png,B,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,vith,52_10.txt,"A new cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome model
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a complex disorder made up of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In a new Article, Carvalho et al. describe a novel mouse model of CKM syndrome induced by unilateral nephrectomy and a Western diet rich in carbohydrates, fat and salt, which could be used to study human condition and identify therapies.
See Carvalho et al
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_2.txt,groundtruth,53_2.txt,"Dietary effects across mouse life stages
Differences in standard chow diets can influence mouse model phenotypes and impact experimental reproducibility. In a new Article, Knuth et al. measured the phenotypic effects of exposing mice to commonly used standard chows during different life stages. Their findings demonstrate that the timing of diet exposure can also affect phenotypic outcomes.
See Knuth et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/54_2.txt,clip,54_2.txt,"Exploring the cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in mice
The effects of anesthetics on an animal are important considerations for both animal welfare and scientific research, with consequences for how researchers interpret results with their subjects. Isoflurane, for example, has long been thought to cause cardiovascular depression in mice. A new research article revisits this anesthetic, exploring a variety of different measures in search of the effects of isoflurane on cardiovascular function.
See Poon et al.
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_11.txt,vitg,50_11.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_4.png,B,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,"A novel FAP-targeting PET probe based on quinolinium was designed and prepared. The targeted binding ability of the probe to FAP was investigated at multiple levels. The results showed that quinolinium FAPI had specific affinity for FAP and had potential for clinical transformation. As the first exploration of charged FAP-targeting probes, quinolinium FAPI fills the gap in this area of research and provides new ideas for the design of new FAPI tracers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,val
Nature Chemical Biology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_9.png,C,"Generating the barrier
The cover depicts conformational dynamics of a short disordered segment of the monomeric yeast prion protein Sup35. This segment modulates the species-specific seeding activity, and a methylene group alone within a side chain of a glutamine residue is sufficient to drastically alter the species specificity of prion transmission.
See Shida et al.
IMAGE: Art Action Inc., Takaya Fukui. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_6.txt,vith,16_6.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,vitg,13_12.txt,"Putting the brakes on dynein
Cytoplasmic dynein is a motor complex that transports intracellular cargos toward the minus end of microtubules. The image depicts Lis1 binding to the dynein motor domain to facilitate the assembly of active dynein complexes, leading to a slower transport speed.
See Kusakci et al.
Image: Mert Golcuk, Istanbul Technical University; Mert Gur, Istanbul Technical University and University of Pittsburgh. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"The cover depicts structures of dynamic and native conformational exchanger (DANCER) proteins, which were computationally designed to switch between predicted conformational states. DANCERs are based on the global fold of streptococcal protein Gβ1 and contain an engineered Trp43 residue that spontaneously exchanges between sequestered and solvent-exposed states on the millisecond timescale. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image from Adam Damry. Article, p1280",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_1.txt,clip,13_1.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,37_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/37_2.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. develop a high-performance biosensor for arginine, named STAR, which lights up arginine's
functional diversity in physiology and pathology. The cover image is an original artwork
depicting a night sky, resembling the unexplored mystery of arginine metabolism. The
bright stars, arranged in the pattern of the arginine molecular formula, light up
the night sky, which stands for the excellent ability of the STAR sensor in illuminating
arginine metabolism. Artwork by Qing Zhang and Yaqiong Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/37_2.txt,groundtruth,37_2.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,ave_1,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Stress has a profound impact on gut disorders. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Wei et al. reveal that psychological stress enriches gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate,
which disrupts intestinal stem cell differentiation and triggers epithelial injury.
The depiction of rolling clouds and stirring stars, inspired by Van Gogh’s masterpiece
The Starry Night, represents restless emotions in a person with depression. The broken ground and
castle along the winding river illustrate injured intestinal epithelia. The involvement
of microbes and the metabolite is represented as ants on the broken door. Cover art
by Xiao Zheng and Haiping Hao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_10.txt,vitg,36_10.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,train
BDJ,237_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_11.png,D,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smile makeover treatments, hospital dentistry litigation, and decolonisation of the curricula.

Cover image: A burst of clinical activity disrupts the steadily growing biofilm, sending pathogenic bacteria rushing through the dental waterlines. Cultured microorganisms are at the centre of this investigation. (Mixed media on paper.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_8.txt,vith,233_8.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on breast cancer, deep carious lesions and the impact of COVID-19 on oral health inequalities
©STEVE LOWRY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/232_11.txt,clip,232_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,groundtruth,237_11.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_1.png,C,"Targeting neutrophils, inspired by the Review on p253.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_9.txt,vitg,19_9.txt,"Deuterium in drug discovery, inspired by the Review onp562.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_6.txt,vith,22_6.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,"Immune targets for antidepressants, inspired by the Review on p224.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_10.txt,clip,21_10.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_5.png,C,"Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,"Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. It is our vision that, over the next 25 years, innovators around the world will use foundational and methodological advances in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to transform major sectors of the global economy, ranging from fuels and chemicals, to transportation, agriculture, and water purification and delivery. The next generations of chemists, engineers, and other innovators will use new sets of tools and principles. These tools and principles will need to be integrated into chemistry and engineering education. Building on 25 Years of Green Chemistry and Engineering for a Sustainable Future touches on these topics (DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02484).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2016_2.txt,vith,2016_2.txt,"Ag-gCN nanocomposite catalysts were developed as copper-free alternatives for heterogeneous photocatalytic azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The developed protocol shows a significant advancement in green chemistry, offering a sustainable, versatile, and efficient alternative for a broad range of substrates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_3.png,B,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,"Nesting havens
Atolls are tiny specks of land scattered across the vast tropical Indo-Pacific. Because of their smallness and remoteness, these islands are often overlooked in research and conservation. This study reveals the global importance of atolls as nesting havens for about 25% of the world’s tropical seabirds, and demonstrates that the large nesting colonies power the atoll ecosystem.
See Steibl et al.
Image: James C. Russell, University of Auckland. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Biodiversity under stress
A school of fish on a remote coral reef in the Indian Ocean. Biodiversity was found to be the primary driver of ecosystem functioning of coral-reef fishes. The positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships were robust to two human-caused stressors: climate change and invasive species.
See Benkwitt et al
Image: Kristina Tietjen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_6.txt,ave_3,4_6.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,val
NATURE METHODS,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_3.png,B,"Special Feature: Nature Methods turns 15!
This month we celebrate the fifteen-year anniversary of Nature Methods. The cover artwork comprises images from previous covers of Nature Methods throughout the years.
Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_3.txt,clip,16_3.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"METHOD OF THE YEAR 2019
Our choice for Method of the Year 2019 is single-cell multimodal omics analysis.
Cover design: Erin DeWalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/17_12.txt,ave_3,17_12.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,vith,11_3.txt,train
Nature Food,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_2.png,B,"Disruptive vision
Anthocyanin accumulation in ‘rainbow rice’, created through conventional breeding, confers a purple hue in the leaves and grains. In this issue, Steinwand and Ronald describe how genomic analyses and new plant breeding technologies can be leveraged to generate the next generation of food crops with enhanced agronomic and nutritional traits, and Herrero and colleagues assess the readiness of disruptive technologies in the transition to a more sustainable food system.
See Steinwand et al. and Herrero et al.
Image: Anat Sukeewong, Rice Science Center and Rice Gene Discovery, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_8.txt,ave_1,1_8.txt,"Cultivated meat techno-economic analyses
Cultivated meat could provide dietary protein with lower resource use than conventional beef production. Current techno-economic analyses exploring scaled-up production adopt different assumptions and processing approaches. Scale-up feasibility is likely to depend on the use of plant-based components to save costs on cell culture media, developing sustainable food-grade aseptic conditions and extensive scaling of related supply chains. Technological advancements need to address serum-free differentiation, new bioreactor designs, media recycling and valorization, and facility design that can support large-scale production.
See Shirwaiker et al.
Image: Jochen Tack / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,vitg,6_1.txt,"Form and function
Food gels and oleogels feature 3D percolating biopolymers or colloids designed to span water or oil in food, thereby providing viscoelastic properties to an otherwise purely viscous fluid. The cover image is an artistic view of food gel droplets, drawn against the typical cellular background of protein-templated oleogels.
See Cao et al.
Image: Sonia Monti. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_5.png,D,"A new report from Hefft and Jonas shows that whereas parvalbumin-containing interneurons in the rat hippocampus release GABA in a tightly synchronized manner in response to presynaptic action potentials, cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons release a variable barrage of GABA for up to several hundred milliseconds following high-frequency bursts of action potentials. The cover shows a presynaptic hippocampal basket cell (lower left) and two postsynaptic granule neurons (upper right). All three cells are filled with biocytin-Alexa488 (blue); red is immunostaining for parvalbumin, pink shows parvalbumin-positive synapses onto biocytin-filled cells. (pp 1283 and 1319)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/8_3.txt,clip,8_3.txt,"Interactions between neurons, glia and vasculature are critical for the maintenance of normal brain function. We present a special focus on the growing field of neurovascular interactions comprising reviews and perspective articles highlighting the latest advances in our understanding of these interactions, with particular emphasis on their roles in health and disease. The cover depicts a confocal image composite of perivascular migration of implanted human glial progenitor cells, xenografted into the rodent brain, courtesy of Takahiro Takano, Maiken Nedergaard and Steven Goldman.13531363–1405",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/14_2.txt,vith,14_2.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Special issue on glia
Communication between glial cells has a profound effect on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Huang et al. report that reactive astrocytes impose cell distancing in peri-plaque glial nets via the guidance receptor Plexin-B1, which affects microglial access and compaction of amyloid plaques. The cover art depicts a fishing net catching fish, which symbolizes glial nets surrounding amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease.
See Huang et al.
Image: Lily Armstrong-Davies, Mount Sinai Health Systems. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_5.txt,groundtruth,27_5.txt,test
ACS Central Science,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_12.png,A,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Using Caenorhabditis elegans strains in which the specific neuron type is tagged by fluorescent proteins as an animal model, we discovered that an endogenous lipid metabolite, epoxyeicosadienoic acid, induces neurodegeneration by initiating an iron-dependent membrane lipid peroxidation, leading to a programmed cell death called ferroptosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,test
Trends in Microbiology,32_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_9.png,C,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_8.txt,ave_1,24_8.txt,"Most bacteria are encased by a mesh-like biopolymer called peptidoglycan
(PG) that protects them against turgor and from harsh environmental conditions. It
is made
up of several glycan polymers crosslinked to each other through short peptides and
forms
a net-like structure around the plasma membrane. The cover image is an artist’s impression
of the multi-layered cell envelope of the diderm model bacterium, Escherichia coli. The PG
is visible as a highly crosslinked mesh (in white) encircling the plasma membrane.
Several
classes of crosslink-specific PG endopeptidases (depicted in deep blue) that contribute
to
the dynamic remodelling of the PG sacculus during bacterial growth have been recently
discovered. In their Review in this issue, Rajguru et al. discuss the fundamental roles
of crosslink specific endopeptidases and their regulation across the bacterial genera.
Image courtesy: Harsh Kapoor",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_9.txt,groundtruth,32_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,val
ACS Macro Letters,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_8.png,A,"Poly(methylvinyl siloxane) (PMVS) with a cysteine derivative side chain designated PMVS-Cys was prepared using anionic polymerization and an ene-thiol reaction. PMVS-Cys forms a preferred-handed helical conformation in both solution and film via hydrogen bonding. The helical structure remains during the calcination process, resulting in a silica with a helical structure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The Letter reports on the toughening of the bio-based polymer, polylactide (PLA), by blending it with just 2 wt % of a new polyester. The blend polyester is prepared using an efficient switchable catalysis, whereby mixtures of ʟ-lactide, maleic anhydride, and propene oxide are selectively enchained in one pot by a tin alkoxide; similar tin catalysts are widely used in commercial PLA production.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,"2,6-Azulene-based homopolymers were designed, synthesized, and incorporated into the Nafion matrix as proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells. Thanks to the dynamically reversible proton-responsive property of these azulene-based polymers, the proton transfer is facilitated effectively, and thus the proton conductivity of membranes and hydrogen fuel cell performance are much improved.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_8.txt,vitg,2022_8.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_3.png,B,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: A devoted mother plant. It is unknown why most plant viruses are not
seed-transmissible or have very low transmission rates. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Liu and Ding reveal strong immunosuppression of virus seed transmission in plants by antiviral
RNAi. The authors further show how plants program an antiviral response that is insufficient
to block virus systemic infection in the mother plant but ensures production of virus-free
offspring seedlings from the seeds of infected mother plants. This focus issue of
Cell Host & Microbe also includes a series of reviews on fungi. Here, MacAlpine and Lionakis examine
host and fungal factors involved in vulvovaginal Candidiasis susceptibility, Hill
and Round discuss fungal-host interactions in health, while Sivarajan and Klein review
fungal immunity and difficulties in fungal vaccine development. The cover image depicts
a virus-proof shield (RNAi+) built by mother plants to inhibit seed infection, thereby
preventing virus vertical transmission. Artwork by Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Cell Host & Microbe begins a two-issue celebration marking our 15-year anniversary. The cover image uses
a tree to illustrate the growth of our journal and the connection we have with the
scientific community. The roots, “colonized” with microbes, set the foundation for
the branches “budding” journal issues. To commemorate 15 years of microbial research
and growth, the issue opens with an editorial from editor-in-chief Lakshmi Goyal (409–409)
and proceeds with commentaries from 15 early-career researchers who authored a Cell Host & Microbe paper(s) during their training. These commentaries are personal, thoughtful, forward-looking,
and honest as they reflect on their paper(s) and discuss how it fit into their career
path and current work in their independent labs. The “budding” journal covers represent
the issues containing the referenced papers. Our goal with these commentaries is to
thank the community for their trust in us and to share this relationship we strive
to achieve with our community members. The cover image was imagined and created by
Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/30_9.txt,clip,30_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.png,B,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,ave_1,2025_1.txt,"Vanadium dioxide nanocomposite smart window films for building applications exhibit remarkable thermochromic properties, allowing automatic blockage and transmission of infrared radiation based on temperature changes. This semiconductor-to-metal transition authorizes efficient building technology, effectively reducing energy consumption associated with heating and cooling costs and subsequently minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.png,C,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,test
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.png,C,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,vitg,2_6.txt,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,groundtruth,2_5.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of bioengineering, with a particular focus on translation, inclusivity and accessibility. See Editorial
Cover design: Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_11.png,D,Insights from toxicology. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,"This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_9.txt,vitg,2020_9.txt,"Breast cancer mostly occurs in the upper quadrants of the breast, which is shown in the top left depiction of the breast. A huge number of changes result in neoplasms, which is depicted by the breast on the left (nonhomogenous breast tissue with numerous inconsistencies in the tissue). Changes in cancer proteomes, lipidomes, and metabolomes with respect to normal tissues, as well as chemotherapy-induced changes, are characterized in tumors with mass spectrometry. Samples derived from a tumor specimen are processed and applied for the separation of biological components by liquid chromatography and then subjected to a mass spectrometer for analysis. Identi",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/7_2.png,C,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Over the past decade, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been employed extensively
to speed up the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of molecules and materials.
This Special Issue highlights key areas where machine learning has made, and will
continue to make, a positive impact on molecular and materials research. One prime
example is the application of MLAs in homogeneous catalysis. On pages 96-110 of this
Special Issue, Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues unveil their vision for the future of machine
learning in homogeneous catalyst design by highlighting emerging technologies and
methods that are likely to have a lasting impact on the field. By closing the loop
of machine learning guided experiment design and autonomous experimentation, new catalysts
can be designed at an unprecedented pace. Image credit: the Aspuru-Guzik group (University
of Toronto). Created by: Gabriel dos Passos Gomes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_12.txt,vith,3_12.txt,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_39,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.png,D,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,clip,2022_19.txt,This special cover is dedicated to the 42 global winners of the I&EC Research 2023 Excellence in Review Awards. See the announcement (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03072) honoring the recipients and celebrate Peer Review Week 2023.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_14.txt,ave_2,2023_14.txt,This special cover is dedicated to the 38 global winners of the I&EC Research 2021 Excellence in Review Awards. See the announcement (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03281) honoring the recipients and celebrate Peer Review Week 2021.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_15.txt,ave_3,2021_15.txt,"I&ECR celebrates the illustrious career of Prof. Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan! In honor of his groundbreaking research and dedication to engineering education, we present this virtual special issue dedicated to his achievements. From pioneering multiphase reaction engineering to advancing clean energy production and sustainability, Prof. Al-Dahhan's contributions have shaped the field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.txt,groundtruth,2024_39.txt,val
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_1.png,A,Convolutional Neural Network for Sustainable Detection of Arsenic in Environmental Samples and Arsenic Albumin: An Innovative Artificial Intelligence Approach in Toxicology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2025_3.png,B,"The cover illustrates the general classification of allosteric modulators. This issue features an Article by Gado et al. in which the identification of the first synthetic PAM of the CB2 receptors is disclosed. (Gado, F.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00368) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_24.txt,vith,2019_24.txt,"This cover art showcases ZG-2305, a novel inhibitor of FIH, designed to target its tyrosine-flip pocket. ZG-2305 shows potential in improving lipid accumulation and reversing hepatic steatosis, raising a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver diseases. A generative AI tool (Midjourney) was used to create a part of the artwork.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,clip,2018_2.txt,This cover art illustrates how an optimization of stereochemistry (represented by the chiral molecules in the flasks) and electrostatics (represented by a Tesla coil in the glass container) in a glycomimetic ligand resulted in the formation of an enthalpically driven cooperative hydrogen-bond network with its target DC-SIGN. A generative AI tool (Adobe Firefly) was used to create a part of the artwork. The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dilara Tastan and Serdal Tastan in the creation of the cover art.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_12.png,A,"Coherent control in chaotic cavities
Non-Hermitian physics enables dynamic control of optical behaviour in real time, such as reflectionless scattering modes, which have now been demonstrated in a chaotic photonic microcavity.
See Jiang et al. and Stone
Image: Xuefeng Jiang, Shixiong Yin and Andrea Alù, Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Controlled turbulence
Turbulence is generated using vortex rings as building blocks in a quiescent environment.
See Matsuzawa et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Takumi Matsuzawa, IrvineLab, University of Chicago. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/19_5.txt,clip,19_5.txt,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,vith,16_4.txt,"Electrons in a fractal
Electrons are confined to an artificial Sierpiński triangle. Microscopy measurements show that their wavefunctions become self-similar and their quantum properties inherit a non-integer dimension between 1 and 2.
See Morais-Smith et al.
Image: Marlou Slot, Utrecht University. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_11.txt,vitg,15_11.txt,val
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,46_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_2.png,C,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.txt,vith,46_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_2.txt,groundtruth,46_2.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,ave_1,40_10.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_1.png,D,"MOFs made to order
The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents.
See Barsukova et al.
Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,vith,3_11.txt,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Layered nitride materials from metastable polymorphs
Stable nitride thin film materials with layered 2D-like crystal structures are synthesized from 3D metastable intermediates. The short-range order in these 3D disordered polymorphs has a low-energy transformation barrier to the stable layered 2D-like structure.
See Zakutayev et al.
Image: Alfred Hicks, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_9.png,C,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"This special issue describes the application of synthetic biology to construct cells
that produce chemical products. Experts from both academic research labs and industrial
biotechnology companies provide insights into implementing metabolic engineering to
produce non-fossil fuel chemical feedstocks, specialty chemicals, and natural products
in greater amounts from their native hosts. In addition, this issue covers the spread
of “big data” to industrial biotechnology, as statistical design of experiments and
machine learning are described as increasingly data-driven approaches to synthetic
biology. Cover image from iStockPhoto/AvailableLight and cover design by Matthew Pavlovich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_11.txt,ave_1,34_11.txt,"Molecular engineering of insulin is illustrated by the red color code in the
DNA and further translated to the insulin molecules secreted from the yeast cell in
the
image center. In pages 464–478 of this issue, Kjeldsen and colleagues discuss rational
modification of the insulin structure. This can impact insulin self-association and
folding
stability, which translates to changes in secretory expression yield of critical importance
for industrial application, as illustrated in the bottom left. Cover image from Dr.
Søren
Østergaard, Novo Nordisk A/S.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"This special issue describes the application of synthetic biology to construct cells
that produce chemical products. Experts from both academic research labs and industrial
biotechnology companies provide insights into implementing metabolic engineering to
produce non-fossil fuel chemical feedstocks, specialty chemicals, and natural products
in greater amounts from their native hosts. In addition, this issue covers the spread
of “big data” to industrial biotechnology, as statistical design of experiments and
machine learning are described as increasingly data-driven approaches to synthetic
biology. Cover image from iStockPhoto/AvailableLight and cover design by Matthew Pavlovich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_12.txt,vitg,34_12.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_9.png,A,"Predicting and evaluating drugs for combination therapy
Guo and colleagues present a method known as CM-Drug for the identification of combination drugs that can boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. They validate this method using melanoma and lung cancer models in mice and explore one hit from their screen in further depth, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue taltirelin.
See Guo et al.
Image: Yun Xia. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"Sustaining T cell preparedness
Geiger and colleagues use SILAC and mass spectrometry to study protein turnover in human T cells and examine how naive T cells both maintain their quiescence and transition to activated cells.
See article Geiger and N&Vs Cantrell
IMAGE: Tim Beltraminelli, Christopher K.E. Bleck, Dirk Bumann, Roger Geiger. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_5.txt,ave_2,21_5.txt,"Sander and colleagues show that antigen presenting cells detect bacterial RNA from live bacteria via TLR8 and promote TFH cell differentiation through induction of a specific cytokine profile.
Image credit: Kristina Dietert and Achim D. Gruber Cover Design: Erin Dwalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_9.txt,ave_1,19_9.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,val
Environment & Health,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2025_2.png,C,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The propensities and health implications of coronavirus adhering onto and releasing from representative indoor contact surfaces, including plastic, glass, stainless steel, and wood, in simulated human body fluids are studied using quartz crystal microbalance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_6.png,D,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2011_10.txt,vitg,2011_10.txt,This Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_4.txt,clip,2023_4.txt,a,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2011_5.txt,ave_1,2011_5.txt,Expanding the sparsely populated library of lanthanide MOF crystal structures is building a knowledge treasure trove that will ultimately inform material design and application. This graphic was generated with help from Google Gemini.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_7.png,C,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Fuel for the future
Our energy systems are undergoing large-scale changes as we try to overcome many societal and environmental challenges. Doing this successfully requires the efforts of many different researchers across a range of technologies and systems, each of which faces their own issues and concerns for the future.
See Armstrong et al. 1, 15020 (2016).
IMAGE:  poliki/iStock/ThinkstockCOVER DESIGN: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"Solar-powered drones
Demonstration of high performance, upscaling and product integration for perovskite photovoltaics is key to advancing the technology. Through engineering of the photoactive layer and substrate, Hailegnaw et al. show lightweight perovskite solar cells with improved specific power and operational stability, as well as integration into a drone for self-powered flights.
See Hailegnaw et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Stepan Demchyshyn and Christoph Putz, SoMaP, JKU Linz. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_7.txt,groundtruth,9_7.txt,"Extremes in energy systems
Climate-induced extreme weather events can cause unexpected disruptions in the operation of all kinds of energy systems, from infrastructure all the way to finance. This Focus issue explores how extreme events, from high energy demand in heat waves to financial crashes, reverberate through various energy systems and how we can better prepare for them.
Image: Gavriel Jecan / Agefotostock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_11.txt,ave_2,5_11.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,23_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.png,D,"‘Advancing biofuels’, inspired by the Review on p701.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/19_2.txt,vith,19_2.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_1.txt,clip,23_1.txt,"Soil viruses, inspired by the Review on p296.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_8.txt,ave_3,21_8.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.txt,groundtruth,23_2.txt,test
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_10.png,C,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,vith,21_11.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"Many cognitive neuroscientists believe that complex cognition requires
a large brain and an isocortex. Yet despite having relatively small, non-cortical
brains,
corvids and parrots exhibit cognitive abilities that are comparable to smart mammals,
including great apes. Comparing the brains of “smart” mammals and “smart” birds
can help identify which brain features are necessary for complex cognition. In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Onur Güntürkün and colleagues compare the
brains of mammals and birds and propose four features that may represent hard-toreplace
mechanisms supporting complex cognition: a large number of associative
pallial neurons, a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-like area, a dense dopaminergic innervation
of association areas, and dynamic neurophysiological fundaments for working memory.
Cover image from TouTouke/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_10.txt,groundtruth,28_10.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Decety and Yoder describe emerging findings on the cognitive and neuroscientific
underpinnings of justice motivation. Cover image from iStockphoto/tomloel. Cover design
by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/33_2.png,B,"On the cover: In celebration of the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe, this issue features “Voices” from 10 leading experts in their field as they reflect
on the journal's journey over the past decade. We also bring to you 10 Reviews and
Perspectives from leading authors that highlight broad themes in host-microbe biology.
The cover image illustrates the many microbes and hosts that are highlighted in these
Reviews and Perspectives and in fields that the journal has been proud to publish
in over the past 10 years. The cover image was generated by Sean Kilian and contributed
by Julia Vorholt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/22_5.txt,clip,22_5.txt,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,ave_2,32_5.txt,test
Science,387_6735,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6735.png,D,"COVER Whiskers at the snout are instrumental for the rat to explore the external world. During development, sensory information provided by the whiskers is critical for the formation of their representation in the brain. Minlebaev et al. show how this process is controlled by gamma oscillations in developing neuronal networks. See P. 226. Image: Henrik Sorensen/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/334_6053.txt,clip,334_6053.txt,"COVER Brown seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera), commonly known as giant kelp, off the coast of Chiloe Island, Chile (image width ~1 meter). Traditionally, seaweed has been ignored as a source of renewable fuel and chemical compounds for bioconversion, because its primary sugar component is not easily fermented. Wargacki et al. engineered a microbe to extract sugars from brown seaweed and convert them into low-carbon, renewable fuels and chemicals. See page 308. Photo: Julián Fernández",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/335_6066.txt,vith,335_6066.txt,"COVER Whoever wins the U.S. election on 8 November, Democrat (donkey) or Republican (elephant), the next president will confront issues that have science at their core, from sea-level rise to the emergence of new diseases. In this issue, Science discusses six concepts that deserve attention from the very top. See pages 274.
 Illustration: Ricardo Martínez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/354_6310.txt,vitg,354_6310.txt,"COVER A mother elephant seal rests with her pup after returning from a 7-month, 10,000-kilometer foraging trip to the northeast Pacific Ocean, where she made ~75,000 attempts to feed on twilight zone fish. Seals’ foraging success across decades reveals variation in fish abundance, which drives large fluctuations in the survival and reproductive success of their offspring. See page 764.
Photo: Bruce Lyon, under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) research permit no. 23188",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6735.txt,groundtruth,387_6735.txt,test
Current Biology,34_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_21.png,B,"On the cover: The image shows a scanning electron micrograph of the head of a sunburst
diving beetle larva. The two prominent eyes on each side of the head enable these
larvae to be highly efficient visually guided predators. In this issue, Stowasser
et al. (1482–1486) demonstrate that the more ventral eye has a bifocal lens that separates
images dorsoventrally in addition to in depth. Because this eye also has two anatomically
separated retinas, the two images that result from the bifocal lens can each be projected
onto their own retina.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_9.txt,vith,20_9.txt,"On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia
called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for
walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell.
Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane
potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate
the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently.
SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_21.txt,groundtruth,34_21.txt,"On the cover: The image is a representation of a barrier between the cytoplasm of
a Tetrahymena cell and its cilia, which appears to be part of the mechanism that regulates the
passage of material into and out of the cilia. The barrier contains nine pores through
which pass microtubule doublets that continue out into the axoneme of the cilia. The
size of the outer region of the pore is appropriate for passage of complexes, called
“intraflagellar transport particles,” which travel along the microtubules and carry
components for assembly of the cilia. Proper control of the flow of this material
is essential for formation of fully functional cilia. A report by Ounjai et al. (pages
339–344) in this issue provides insights on the structure and composition of this
regulatory system. Image prepared by Puey Ounjai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_21.txt,clip,23_21.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_3.png,A,"In this issue, two articles discuss the use and application of bioacoustic
information. First, on pages 947–960, Elly Knight and colleagues discuss what is
needed to identify individuals in bioacoustic recordings, which have historically
focused on the identification of species. Second, on pages 961–973, William Oestreich
and colleagues discuss how information from bioacoustics recordings can be used
to assess animal behaviour. They argue that because behaviour typically represents
animals’ first response to environmental change, behavioural bioacoustics can provide
insights into animals’ adaptations to global change. The cover shows a black-footed
albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) calling among foraging conspecifics in Monterey Bay,
California, USA. Image credit: William Oestreich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_3.txt,groundtruth,39_3.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,clip,30_2.txt,"On pages 459–473 Graeme Hays and colleagues discuss how tracking data from marine
taxa have informed conservation policy and management, and how these data might be
better used to achieve conservation goals. The cover image is of a black-browed albatross
(Thalassarche melanophris). Tracking data for seabirds are being used to help reduce incidental mortality (bycatch)
in commercial fisheries. Photo: Richard Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/34_8.txt,vith,34_8.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_9.png,B,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Port city pollution
Air pollution from the shipping industry is a problem in coastal cities. This study finds that although small-particulate pollution has fallen in China’s port cities, such as Tianjin (pictured), due to shipping emissions reductions, mortality associated with long-term exposure has risen.
See Luo et al.
Image: DuKai photographer/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_9.txt,groundtruth,1_9.txt,"Navigating the waters
Water may be unchanging, but the cities through which water flows are not. An I and the City by Lu considers how Suzhou has changed around the Xiangxi River and the value of conserving historic identities. All cities straddle a broader reality, navigating political waters that can be as turbulent as physical ones.
See Lu
Image: Kan wang/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,val
Molecular Plant,18_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/18_1.png,D,"On The Cover A single gene generates two transcription factors SUSSIBA1 and SUSIBA2 via two alternative
promotors and orchestrates the sucrose-coordinated synthesis of starch and fructan
in barley. Image by: Chuanxin Sun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_1.txt,clip,10_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,ave_0,9_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_1.txt,groundtruth,18_1.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_2.png,A,The transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers decorated with a linear fluorinated guanidino linker was studied as a function of the PAMAM generation and the degree of grafting. These multifunctional conjugates showed remarkable transfection efficiency and suitable features for a possible implementation in 19F MRI applications thanks to their sharp and intense fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance signals and favorable relaxation parameters. The cover has been designed by Carola Romani. The MRI apparatus has been created with ChatGPT.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The cover figure depicts the bifunctional nature of a cyclodextrin-based neoglycoconjugate (compound 56 in the review), designed to be a forerunner of an ""intelligent"" drug delivery vehicle. The cyclodextrin torus (colored green) is capable of complexing drug molecules, which can be directed to a specific biological target by its carbohydrate antenna (colored purple). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2001_2.txt,clip,2001_2.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,vitg,2021_6.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_2.png,C,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,vitg,11_1.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,vith,22_3.txt,"Imaging ovulation
A live imaging approach spatiotemporally dissects mouse ovulation ex vivo.
See Thomas, Marx et al.
Image: Dr. Christopher Thomas, Marseille Developmental Biology Institute (IBDM), CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of cell biology
Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_11.png,D,"Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology.
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Soil viruses, inspired by the Review on p296.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_8.txt,vitg,21_8.txt,"‘Life on plastic’, inspired by the review on p139.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/18_10.txt,vith,18_10.txt,"Soil plastic pollution, inspired by the Review on p64.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_11.txt,groundtruth,22_11.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_8.png,B,"The metabolic roots of breast cancer subtypes in mammary epithelial cells
Mahendralingam et al. find that the lineage-rooted metabolic identities of normal mammary cells reflect the metabolism of breast cancer subtypes.
See Mahendralingam et al.
Image: Hyeyeon Kim (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto). Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_8.txt,ave_1,3_8.txt,"Small vesicles as metabolic mediators
Small extracellular vesicles released from adipose tissue macrophages in mice that were treated with the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice, circumventing the severe adverse effects of the drug. The image is an illustration of human cells secreting small extracellular vesicles.
See Rohm et al.
Credit: Image: JUAN GAERTNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"Embryonic metabolism
The metabolic landscape of early murine embryo development is reconstructed, which provides insight into the metabolic processes associated with the transition of cells from totipotency to pluripotency.
See Zhao, Yao, Yu, Zhang, Xu et al.
Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_3.txt,vitg,3_3.txt,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,60_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/60_3.png,C,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_1,56_2.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_3.txt,groundtruth,60_3.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,ave_2,58_23.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_4.png,A,"Microbial food spoilage, inspired by the Review on p528.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_4.txt,groundtruth,22_4.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology.
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,vitg,22_1.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,ave_2,22_2.txt,train
Current Biology,34_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_12.png,D,"On the cover: Albino (left) and wild-type (right) hummingbird bobtail squid (Euprymna berryi) hatchlings. In this issue, Ahuja et al. (pages 2774–2783) employed CRISPR to create
knockout lines for genes that produce pigment in the skin and eyes. The resulting
albino squid are nearly transparent, which enables researchers to visualize neuronal
activity in vivo. Image by Carrie Albertin and the MBL Cephalopod Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_12.txt,vith,33_12.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: The microscopic fossil ostracod crustacean shown is used as a time machine
to reconstruct past deep-sea ecosystem changes. In this issue, Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, and their colleagues revealed the 500,000-year history of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem. The researchers
found that the present-day Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem was established at a
major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago. After that, both deep-water temperature
and food supply (via surface plankton production related to iron fertilization that
eventually sinks to the deep-sea floor) substantially affected their deep-sea ecosystem
in different ways. The team highlights the importance of the Southern Ocean deep-sea
ecosystem as a “canary in the coal mine” for future anthropogenic climatic changes
on our planet, and especially highlights the need to carefully think about how we
proceed with ocean-based climate interventions as they mitigate temperature rise but
also affect surface production. Cover image: Jingwen Zhang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, Huai-Hsuan
May Huang, and Moriaki Yasuhara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_2.txt,clip,35_2.txt,"On the cover: Seeds? Ancient artwork? No, these are the eggs of 42 species of stick
and leaf insects. In this issue, Boisseau and Woods show that this spectacular diversity in size and shape has evolved within a complex
network of causal relationships among life history, ecological, and mechanical factors.
Variation in egg size is mainly explained by variation in female resource allocation
strategy (i.e., lay many but small or few but large eggs). In contrast, variation
in egg shape mainly reflects varying levels of mechanical constraints arising from
the passage through the reproductive canals of slender, twig-mimicking species or
from derived oviposition strategies including burying the eggs in the substrate or
gluing them to the host plant instead of dropping them. Image by Romain Boisseau,
Thies Büscher, and Tom van de Kamp.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_12.txt,groundtruth,34_12.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_9.png,B,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,vith,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: Lonicerin (LCR), a bioactive compound found in plants of the Lonicera japonica species, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of LCR on wound healing under diabetes and the specific mechanism of LCR's effect has not been covered. In this study, we discovered for the first time that LCR has a potent ability to promote cell autophagy and identified the upstream regulatory protein Sirt1 as a potential target for LCR. Additionally, our results indicate that LCR can promote angiogenesis, cell migration, and anti-apoptosis, which may have implications for other research areas such as skin flap survival, In this studycerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and intestinal epithelial injury healing. Doi:10.1038/s41401-023-01193-5. See the article in pages 815–830",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_9.txt,groundtruth,45_9.txt,"Cover Credit: The schematic diagram of the mechanism underlying the regulation of monocyte migration and differentiation by β-arrestin2, further mediating hepatocyte apoptosis in autoimmune hepatitis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01103-9). See the article in pages 2048–2064",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_3.txt,vitg,44_3.txt,Challenges and opportunities for network pharmacology-based research on traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19. See the article in pages 845–847.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_7.txt,clip,42_7.txt,test
Cell Genomics,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_6.png,A,"On the cover: Mycena olivaceomarginata, October 15, 2022, Torød, Vestfold, Norway. This species has the biggest mushroom
genome hitherto found, which is the epitome of the research by Bugge Harder et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. Mycena species generally have very large genomes compared to most other mushrooms, but this
particular species has a genome that is 3–4 times the size of that of the already
large Mycena genomes. Photographer: Arne Aronsen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,vith,4_2.txt,train
ACS Omega,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_3.png,B,Cover image by Siva Kumar Krishnan and Yuri Chipatecua Godoy. This image depicts a schematic representation of three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide-Au nanostar hybrid nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2020_49.txt,clip,2020_49.txt,", electrochemical deposition: A case study is conducted targeting glyme-based room-temperature aluminum (Al) electroplating solutions. The correlation found in this study will be used as a screening index to achieve higher plating speed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover art depicts the potential of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) damaging the viral capsid of coronavirus. In this work, we showed that PQQ can prevent coronavirus infection during early-stage infection, by destroying the viral structures through redox cycle activation. This graphic content was generated by an AI tool (Firefly, Adobe, Inc.).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_5.txt,vith,2023_5.txt,The cover art represents the accurate delivery of penicillin-based sulfones into the periplasmic space via bacterial iron uptake pathways. The applied siderophore conjugation strategy allowed for the efficient inhibition of relevant,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_29.txt,vitg,2024_29.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_1.png,A,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"ChatGPT-based assistants can engage in a wide range of lab activities, assisting human researchers to expedite the discovery of MOFs and COFs. Through the integration of a multi-AI system, we demonstrate that these assistants are capable of reshaping the traditional research paradigm, heralding a future where human",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_2.txt,vith,2023_2.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_12.png,A,"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of
Lego-like ‘click chemistry’ – combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and
diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms
to plants and animals, including humans. Ming-Ming Chen, Peng Wang and colleagues
review click chemistry reactions and their applications in plant systems to visualize
plant
biological processes. Click chemistry is one of an array of modern tools highlighted
in
this special issue that offer new opportunities to explore and understand the underlying
molecular mechanisms of many biological processes in plants, as well as finding
applications in agriculture for delivering smart crops fit for the 21st century. Image
credit:
Ming-Ming Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_12.txt,groundtruth,29_12.txt,"The reviews in this issue are focussing on new emerging trends within the maturing
field of plant systems biology. In one of the reviews, on pages 212–221, Seung Yon
Rhee and Marek Mutwil introduce computational and statistical approaches and omics
data used for inferring gene function in plants, with an emphasis on network-based
inference. The authors also discuss caveats associated with network-based function
predictions such as performance assessment, annotation propagation, the guilt-by-association
concept, and the meaning of hubs. Finally, the authors note the current limitations
and possible future directions such as the need for gold standard data from several
species, unified access to data and tools, quantitative comparison of data and tool
quality, and high-throughput experimental validation platforms for systematic gene
function elucidation in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"The past 25 years since the first molecular approaches to plant cell cycle have witnessed
enormous advances in this field that have also demonstrated the functional relevance
of cell cycle regulators for virtually every aspect of plant life. On pages 823–833,
Crisanto Gutierrez takes stock of the latest plant cell cycle developments and contemplates
on where the field is heading. Image credits: background root image Z. Vergara and
cover J.I. Belio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/21_3.txt,vith,21_3.txt,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_4.png,B,"Artistic illustration of coherent nonlinear optical interactions taking place between a single molecule of dibenzanthanthrene and pump and probe beams containing just a few photons.
Letter p450; News & Views p438
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY VAHID SANDOGHDAR",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_6.txt,clip,10_6.txt,"Hyper-Raman optical activity
Hyper-Raman optical activity: circularly polarized infrared photons (red helices) incident on molecules arranged on a helical scaffold (white dots) produce hyper-Raman scattering spectra (multicoloured light regions) that feature chirality.
See Valev et al.
Image: Ventsislav K. Valev (University of Bath) and Kylian Valev (St Gregory's Catholic College Bath). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_4.txt,groundtruth,18_4.txt,"Guiding light round the bend in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
Cover design by Stephen Eisenmann (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and Tom Wilson
Article by Rinne  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,"Focus on metasurfaces
This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics.
See Neshev and Miroshnichenko
Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_382,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_382.png,D,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that noncanonical NF-κB signaling enhances the survival of CAR T cells that express the costimulatory domain of 4-1BB. These data suggest that manipulation of this pathway in future CAR T cell designs may improve clinical benefit. The image is a scanning electron micrograph of T cells attacking a breast cancer cell (pink). [Image: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/13_625.txt,vith,13_625.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a technique by which cells can be engineered to bind to apoptotic cells and then internalize them, thus making nonphagocytic cells become phagocytic. The image depicts the engulfment of apoptotic cells (pink) by an engineered phagocytic cell (blue). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_334.txt,vitg,7_334.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how the Ca2+ sensors STIM1 and STIM2 are differentially required for basophil responses to distinct stimuli. The image shows an artist’s rendition of a basophil. [Image: Science Picture Co/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_576.txt,clip,12_576.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on cAMP signaling in PC12 cells. The image shows PC12 cells developing neurites. [Image: Matthew J. Gerdin and Lee E. Eiden, NIH]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_382.txt,groundtruth,2007_382.txt,val
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_4.png,B,"Cover shows an illustration of collecting targeted information extracted from manuscripts including chemicals, experimental sentences, nanomaterial compositions and morphologies. The statistics of collected information is displayed using a computer visualization tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2020_7.txt,vith,2020_7.txt,"Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making ""fishing"" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,The use of Voronoi domain decomposition for the analysis of classical molecular dynamics trajectories permits one to predict the formation of deep eutectic solvents in a series of choline chloride–phenol mixtures. This sentence has been also used as a prompt command by the AI Dall-E 3 to generate the cover. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2024_7.txt,clip,2024_7.txt,"Graphic from this issue of J. Chem. Inf. Model. The cover presents a collection of images from our special issue on the results from the 2014 Community Structure–Activity Resource (CSAR) benchmark exercises. The CSAR exercise is a blind challenge that affords a prospective test for modern structure-based drug design (SBDD) tools. Using the knowledge gained from CSAR, researchers can refine their modeling protocols to improve the reliability of SBDD to identify active compounds or drug candidates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2016_7.txt,vitg,2016_7.txt,test
Cell Reports Methods,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_2.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Sit et al. present MEA-NAP, an open-source flexible network analysis pipeline for neuronal 2D
and 3D organoid multielectrode recordings. The cover is an artistic impression of
the development of hub and non-hub roles in microscale neuronal networks using node
cartography. Image credit: Rachael Feord, PhD, and Susanna Mierau, MD, DPhil.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_10.png,D,"Tissue-engineered heart ventricles
This issue highlights low-noise polymer-coated glucose sensors, endovascular stents for focal stimulation of the motor cortex, implantable pre-metastatic niches, tissue-engineered models of the human ventricle, self-repairing engineered skeletal muscle incorporating macrophages, and the modelling of mutation-related cardiomyopathies with engineered cardiac microtissues.
The cover illustrates a scale model of the human left ventricle made of nanofibrous scaffolds and human stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, for the study of contractile function and the modelling of arrhythmia induced by structural defects.
See MacQueen et al.
Image: Michael Rosnach. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Lasting bioelectronic devices
This focus issue highlights engineering advances that lengthen the lifespan of bioelectronics (Editorial, Comment): energy harvesting in the gastrointestinal tract (Article, News &amp; Views), a conformal electromagnetic surface for powering an implanted device (Article, News &amp; Views), and an ultrathin passivating layer for electronic arrays (Article, News &amp; Views).
The cover illustrates an ingestible energy-harvesting electrochemical cell (Article, News &amp; Views).
Image by When I Shoot Your Masterpiece / Diemut Strebe",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_10.txt,vitg,1_10.txt,"Multi-pass flow cytometry via laser-light barcodes
This issue highlights a high-throughput method for the rapid discovery of high-affinity antibodies, the large-scale mass-spectrometric quantification of glycopeptides in plasma, an assay for the identification, sorting and profiling of killer cells, high-throughput microfluidics for the identification of druggable regulators of cell secretion, the prediction of interactions between drugs and intestinal drug transporters, the high-throughput identification of genetic and cellular drivers of syncytium formation induced by SARS-CoV-2, multi-pass flow cytometry for measuring single-cell dynamics, and an assay for sensing the DNA-mismatch tolerance of Cas9.
The cover illustrates that barcoding cells with microparticles that emit near-infrared laser light allows for multi-pass flow cytometry with more markers and fewer colours.
See Kwok et al.
Image: LASE Innovation. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,test
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,36_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/36_1.png,D,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_2,27_5.txt,"The special issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism explores the mechanisms that regulate our appetite. Articles focus on central circuits
that control processes such as feeding, energy expenditure, and body weight, as well
as the brain-gut axis and the effect of gut derived peptides on appetite and satiety.
We are excited to bring to our readers the latest findings that underline important
unanswered questions, and present novel emerging areas requiring more exploration,
and might help create more effective therapeutic approaches. Image created by Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/24_11.txt,vith,24_11.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"Gut-brain crosstalk regulates energy homeostasis through multiple
mechanisms. This month, we approach this relationship from a variety of perspectives,
including the neuroendocrine regulation of gut-brain signaling in metabolic disorders
(Gruber et al), the interaction between gut microbiome and circadian rhythms (Soliz-
Rueda et al), the microbial metabolites associated with gut health (Grant et al, Nunzi
et al) and the potential of microbiome-based therapies for metabolic diseases (Vazquez-
Uribe et al). The cover depicts gut-brain communication as sand in an hourglass,
highlighting its circadian component. Cover credits: Cristina Cuesta Martí.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/36_1.txt,groundtruth,36_1.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_10.png,D,"Lightening the genetic load
Parasitism has evolved independently in plants many times. Plants of the genus Balanophora are obligate parasites of roots and show a consistent pattern of gene loss and genome modification similar to that of other unrelated holoparasites.
See Chen et al.
Image: Ze Wei, Plant Photo Bank of China. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_3.txt,ave_1,9_3.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Wall planner
Xa4 is a widely exploited and lasting disease resistance gene in rice breeding. It encodes a cell wall-associated kinase that slightly reduces plant height by partially preventing culm cell elongation.
See Nature Plants 3, 17009 (2017).
Image: S. Wang            Cover Design: L. Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/3_10.txt,ave_2,3_10.txt,"Spreading the load
Centromeres affect epigenomic architecture and meiotic recombination. The Brazillian plant Rhynchospora breviuscula has holocentric chromosomes with multiple kinetochores along their length, rather than a single centromere. Here, chromosome synapsis dynamics is key to the broad-scale pattern of crossovers. The image shows anthers, pollen and meiocyte of R. breviuscula.
See Castellan et al.
Image: Ulla Neumann, Marco Castellani, Thiago do Nascimento and Rob Kesseler. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_10.txt,groundtruth,10_10.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_11.png,D,"Data science and catalysis
In their work, Manu Suvarna and Javier Pérez-Ramírez review the use of data-driven strategies in the three main areas of catalysis, that is, heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis, and provide a thorough statistical analysis of the current available methods and discuss how these are being employed.
See Suvarna et al.
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_7.txt,ave_2,7_7.txt,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,vitg,2_2.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Oscillating through oxygen phases
In their work, Thomas Lunkenbein, Luis Sandoval-Diaz and colleagues study the dry reforming of methane on a nickel catalyst with in situ techniques, which reveal oscillatory kinetics through atomic surface oxygen, subsurface oxygen and bulk nickel oxide phases, with markedly different catalytic properties.
See Sandoval-Diaz et al.
Image: MPG-FHI/Luis Sandoval-Diaz. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,test
Nature Computational Science,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/5_1.png,C,"Enabling large-scale simulations for nanophotonics
The cover depicts light from three incident angles being scattered from a disordered structure. Modeling such systems requires solving Maxwell's equations numerically, which demands heavy computing resources, especially for large-scale simulations. In this issue, Lin et al. introduce a method — called augmented partial factorization — that can efficiently perform such a modeling task by solving Maxwell's equations only for the quantities of interest. The method is also applicable to other linear partial differential equations.
See Lin et al. and Liu
Image: Yihan Huang (Hayley). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"Inferring algorithms from data
Data-driven discovery of algorithms is an important task for uncovering the underlying logic and rules behind experimental data and can be potentially used by researchers for generating new insights hidden in high-dimensional data. In this issue, Milo M. Lin et al. introduce an approach that makes use of a neurobiologically inspired deep learning algorithm for writing interpretable and executable computer code from data. The method is able to discover algorithms that perform very similarly to or that outperform human-designed ones. The cover image depicts source code that was transformed into an image featuring bands and gaps, similar to a DNA autoradiogram.
See Milo M. Lin et al. and Joseph Bakarji
Image: WEB2DNA-BAEKDAL.COM / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"Energy-efficient large language models
Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), on conventional von Neumann computing hardware — which separates memory and computing — is notoriously energy and power intensive. In this issue, Abu Sebastian and colleagues demonstrate that devices based on non-volatile memory (a type of analog in-memory computing hardware), constructed in three dimensions (3D), could substantially improve the energy efficiency of LLMs by leveraging ‘mixture of experts’ (MoEs) models. The cover image depicts MoEs neural networks realized through 3D analog in-memory computing on a silicon microchip, with multiple stacked tiers representing the experts in the network.
See Büchel et al. and Anand Subramoney
Image: Jeongung Cho, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"Adversarial learning extended to the quantum domain
The cover depicts quantum adversarial learning on a superconducting platform, where the shield held by a fencer represents the defense of a quantum learning model against potential adversarial attacks. The arena, with a symbol of atoms at the center, represents a programmable quantum processor providing the underlying learning framework.
See Ren et al. and Banchi
Image: Wenhui Ren, Weikang Li, Wenjie Jiang. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_2.txt,vitg,2_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_9.png,A,"A holistic model for accelerated and affordable drug discovery of high bioavailability and improved medicines through the seamless integration of organic synthesis, chemical biology, structural databases, and drug–receptor complexes and assisted by artificial neural networks is presented by Nangia (art by the team of INMYWORK Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_5.png,B,"Functionalization by transfer
Functionalization of C(sp 3)–H bonds via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is typically photo- or electrochemically induced, is a key transformation in the synthesis of complex molecules. This Focus issue overviews technological, catalytic and method-based innovations that have enabled this field to develop.
The cover image is from a Perspective describing how HAT catalysis facilitates acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling between two C–H bonds.
See Ohmatsu and Ooi
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Enzymatic C(sp 3)–F bond formation
Enantioselective C(sp 3)–F bond formation is reported using an engineered non-haem iron enzyme. The process proceeds through a radical fluorine atom transfer pathway, which converts N-fluoroamides into chiral benzyl fluorides.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Yunfang Yang, Zhejiang University of Technology. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_5.txt,groundtruth,3_5.txt,"Carbon nanobelts with a twist
Fully-fused Möbius carbon nanobelts are synthesized using a bottom-up approach in which the aromatic carbon chain is formed by sequential Wittig reactions. This synthesis may pave the way for the development of nanocarbon materials with complex topological structures.
See Segawa et al.
Image: Issey Takahashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_6.txt,vith,1_6.txt,"Conjugated aromatic systems
This Focus issue overviews the synthesis and computational study of various conjugated aromatic molecules and polymers as well as their electronic and chemical properties. The incorporation of these molecules and materials in devices or in catalysis is discussed.
The cover image depicts the synthesis of polyacene inside the channels of a metal−organic framework.
See Kitao et al.
Image: Takashi Kitao, Takumi Miura and Takashi Uemura, The University of Tokyo. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,val
Developmental Cell,59_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_6.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,vitg,56_2.txt,"On the cover: This is a confocal image of 5-day-old etiolated hypocotyls of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (mus3) with large aggregations of endomembrane components and plant cell wall polysaccharides
(in cyan: labeled with a membrane-associated dye, FM4-64, that is internalized by
endocytosis). Here, the authors demonstrate that sidechain addition to xyloglucan
polysaccharides is required for efficient packaging and secretion of polysaccharides
to the plant cell wall. To learn more about how polysaccharide structure affects transport
to the plant cell wall, see Hoffmann and McFarlane. Image credit: Natalie Hoffmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_6.txt,groundtruth,59_6.txt,"On the cover: This image of yolk sac vasculature is derived from a Rasip1 null mouse
at embryonic day 8.25, stained for expression of Flk1-lacZ, which drives endothelial cell expression of β-galactosidase. These vessels display
“cord-like” morphology, which has been highlighted here using Photoshop's “dry brush”
effect. For more information on the role of Rasip1 in vascular lumen formation as
a regulator of the balance between Rho family GTPases, see Xu et al., pages 526–539.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/20_3.txt,clip,20_3.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_4.png,C,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,vitg,28_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover highlights Stem Cell Awareness Day, which is October
14, 2015. To mark the occasion, we asked the first authors of the papers in this issue
to share their thoughts on what inspires and motivates them in their work as stem
cell scientists. Their perspectives are presented in a Voices piece in this issue
and will be featured in a social media campaign #AStemCellScientistBecause around
Stem Cell Awareness Day. The cover illustration features the authors' images peering
out from within the hashtag. Image created by Andrew Tang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/17_3.txt,clip,17_3.txt,"On the cover: In some mammalian species, the blastocyst-stage embryo suspends its
development and enters a state of “deep sleep” (embryo dormancy or diapause). The
cover image depicts a dreamcatcher with an integrated embryo pattern in the center
to symbolize this peculiar state. In addition to dormancy, the round shape of the
dreamcatcher symbolizes the maternal environment (uterine tube) illustrating that
an analysis of this state by Chen et al. has been performed in physiological conditions. Moreover, the interconnected nodes
in the dreamcatcher symbolize the gene networks identified by single-cell sequencing.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_4.txt,groundtruth,31_4.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,vith,16_1.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_4.png,B,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,vitg,1_10.txt,"Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized display technology
in our daily devices by efficiently converting electrical energy into light, with
organic
LEDs (OLEDs) being the most ubiquitous. For chemists, the emitter molecules
themselves hold the most interest, with properties that can be readily fine-tuned
to
unlock a diverse range of vibrant colours. In their review, Fan, Yuan and co-workers
explore recent advances in narrow-bandwidth carbon-based emitters (CBEs) including
small molecules, polymers, and carbon dots, with a focus on the relationship between
molecular structure and optical properties. CBE-based LEDs could hold great potential
as an efficient and widely adopted display technology for next-generation wide-color-gamut
displays. Cover credit: GettyImages/Yuanyuan Yan",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,"In part one of our two-part special launch issues, we address some of the outstanding
key questions that chemists are currently tackling. In this issue, we highlight critical
topics such as: name plagiarism; air pollution; organic electrosynthesis; singlet
fission; entropic intermediates; frustrated Lewis pairs; solar cell open-circuit voltage
losses; C-H activation; boron-doped molecules; nanozymes; atomically dispersed supported
metal catalysts; photoredox catalysis; ionic plastic crystals; and ammonia electrosynthesis.
The cover image is a collection of molecules, structures, reactions, and concepts
all found within this issue. Cover image designed by Tom Dursch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_8.png,C,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"A PdZn/ZrO2/SAPO-34 multifunctional catalyst for the direct conversion of CO2 to propane yields >50% total propane selectivity at close to 40% CO2 conversion at 350 ⁰C, 50 bar, and 1500 mL g−1 h−1. Extensive characterization and kinetic–thermodynamic modeling revealed details of a highly integrated reaction scheme between the catalyst components.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_3.txt,vitg,2021_3.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,The nature of the structures of active sites and the reaction pathways of catalysts can be resolved by operando experimental characterization coupled with multiscale computational approaches and machine learning techniques. The combination sheds light on understanding the reaction mechanism under real reaction conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_1.txt,ave_1,2021_1.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_18.png,C,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_11.txt,vitg,2015_11.txt,A magnetostructural study has been conducted on two new magnetic 1D coordination polymers with zigzag topology. The front view of the chains resembles an Andean condor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_5.png,C,"Hard biological materials such as diatoms and sea sponges can inspire the design of structural materials that are mechanically robust yet lightweight. Hollow titanium nitride lattices have now been fabricated that mimic the length scales (from 10 nm to 100 μm) and hierarchy of biological materials. These lattices attain tensile strengths of 1.75 GPa without failing (even after multiple deformation cycles) because of the low probability of pre-existing flaws.
Letter p893
IMAGE: LUCAS MEZA
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/12_3.txt,clip,12_3.txt,"Organic molecules encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes tune the electronic conduction properties.
Cover design by Nicky Perry.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"Enhanced transport through metallic carbon nanotubes
Extreme confinement of water and ions within nanofluidic channels gives rise to unusual transport phenomena. Here the authors investigate how electronic properties of carbon nanotube porins influence the transport efficiency of water and ions.
See Li et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_5.txt,groundtruth,23_5.txt,"Chemical vapour deposition enables the synthesis of thin films of microporous metal–organic frameworks on a broad range of substrates and on high-aspect-ratio features.
Article p304; News & Views p255
IMAGE: IVO STASSEN AND ROB AMELOOT
COVER DESIGN: ALLEN BEATTIE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_10.txt,ave_2,15_10.txt,train
Current Biology,34_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_24.png,A,"On the cover: Orchid mantis Hymenopus coronatus, distributed in the tropical areas of China and Southeast Asia, is famous for its
floral resemblance, which has been considered as an example of flower mimicry for
over 200 years. However, in this issue, Zhao et al. document its gliding performance and show that the petal-shaped femoral lobes are
crucial for gliding. Behavioral and morphological analyses suggest that gliding might
be the evolutionary motivation of these lobes. Image by Xin Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_24.txt,groundtruth,34_24.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Nityananda et al. (pages 588–593) use an insect 3D cinema
to demonstrate that praying mantis stereoscopic vision uses a different algorithm
to that found in vertebrates. Photograph © Newcastle University, UK; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/28_21.txt,clip,28_21.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"On the cover: The gynoecium derives from the fusion of carpels and differentiates
into a stigma and a style at the apex. The stigma and style are the interface for
interacting with pollen and pollen tubes, and thus crucial for successful fertilization
and plant fertility. However, the molecular mechanism underlying apical gynoecium
development remains to be elucidated. In this issue, Li et al. (pages 4780–4788) demonstrate
that a novel angiosperm-specific STIGMA AND STYLE STYLIST (SSS) gene family is expressed synergistically in the stigma and style under the regulation
of NGATHA transcription factors, and that these genes co-regulate the apical gynoecium
patterning via controlling cell shaping. These findings reveal a molecular pathway
responsible for the differentiation of a proper interface for communication with pollen
tubes, shedding new light on our understanding of how the delicate interface is established.
The cover image shows the apical gynoecium of sss1 sss2 sss3 (right) and SSS1 overexpression plants (left). Image by Xiaorong Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_2.txt,vitg,30_2.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_9.png,C,"An activated, patterned polymer stamp reacts with a self-assembled monolayer to pattern the monolayer selectively and to lift off a supported monolayer of Au. See Andrews, Liao, and Weiss (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00034). Cover art design by Sarawut Cheunkar and Kei Meguro, with creative input from Nako Nakatsuka.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_5.txt,clip,2016_5.txt,Innovative breath sensor arrays with superior sensitivity and high selectivity were developed by combining protein-templated alloy catalysts and nanofiber-based sensing layers for noninvasive disease diagnosis. See article by Il-Doo Kim and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00047). Cover art design by Younghee Lee.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_6.txt,vitg,2017_6.txt,"This cover illustration highlights the sophisticated design and application of stretchable physiological microelectrode arrays (MEAs), emphasizing their function as adaptable and biocompatible interfaces for neuron–motor pathways. These state-of-the-art MEAs are crafted to accommodate the dynamic movements of biological tissues, guaranteeing stable and accurate electrophysiological measurements. This breakthrough technology is poised to enhance numerous biomedical applications, such as neural prosthetics and brain–machine interfaces. The exceptional biocompatibility and mechanical resilience of these MEAs facilitate enduring real-time neural signal monitoring, propelling our comprehension and capacity to regulate neural functions for therapeutic interventions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,Artificial and hybrid micro- and nanomachines of various shapes and sizes can be employed as active drug delivery vehicles and as active microcleaners in environmental applications. See article by Samuel Sánchez and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00386). Cover art design by Alejandro Posada.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_12.txt,ave_2,2017_12.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.png,D,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,Yellow cross-linked polymer monoliths with hierarchical porosities and,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"A carbon-based heterogeneous photoinitiator composed of a graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) and borates was reported. By incorporating the electron transferring between the UV-excited g-C3N4 and borates, this system exhibits good photoinduced initiating ability and enables effective photopolymerization of acrylates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_3.png,C,"The cover art is an artistic rendition of α-helical proteins such as GPCRs as the major components, together with water molecules, long fibrous amyloids comprised by cross-α and cross-β structures, and high-order molecular assemblies to form waves and capsules. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2022_7.txt,vitg,2022_7.txt,The use of non-noble metals in catalysis is a frontier topic in chemistry. The cover depicts the most important 3d-metals that are currently used for the activation of small molecules and the sustainable production of chemicals through a large variety of catalytic transformations that are reviewed in this thematic issue. (Image by Florian Scharnagl),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2019_21.txt,vith,2019_21.txt,"Electronic nanochips offer electric fields that are able to precisely modulate molecular activities from molecular movements and physical properties to chemical reactions and optoelectronic functions. The utilization of electric fields to manipulate molecular behaviors on the nanoscale is a new research field that can inspire curiosity and lead to innovative discoveries of new quantum effects and new chemistry, improving our understanding of the molecular world.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,The cover highlights two kinds of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based single metal-site catalysts. Both the single metal sites within MOFs and the single metal atoms confined in carbons derived from MOFs can serve as effective,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2020_4.txt,clip,2020_4.txt,train
ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.png,B,"Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the first antibiotic from Penicillium species, inspires a researcher to explore its potential. By incorporating silicon into MPA,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,The class of czcD riboswitches showed conserved selectivity for FeII over other biologically relevant metals at their approximated physiological concentrations. czcD riboswitches are hypothesized to combat iron toxicity in bacteria by binding FeII selectively to turn on the transcription and promote the translation of the downstream putative FeII-exporter protein. Cover artwork created with BioRender.com.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2022_3.txt,clip,2022_3.txt,"The field-flow fractionation technique enables robust in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona at the surface of nanomedicine, which, in turn, can substantially improve our ability to accurately predict the biological fate of nanomedicine and, therefore, enable development of more effective, safe, and precisely targeted nanomedicine. The image was created by DALL·E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.txt,vith,2024_5.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_6.png,C,"The modeling of polaritonic chemical systems relies on a manifold of methods, which typically target the realistic description of one subcomponent of the system. Generalizing such methods to achieve a complete description poses the huge theoretical challenge discussed in this perspective. Such a challenge is met by multiscale approaches.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_9.txt,ave_1,2022_9.txt,–56. DOI:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"An intelligent meta-device with a stereo vision meta-lens can provide a multimodal assisted driving vision by integrating the raw image, instance labels, bounding boxes, segmentation masks in depth pseudo color, and depth information for each detected object.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"authored by friends and colleagues of Mark. Cover image originally appeared in volume 3, issue 7 (April 5, 2012) of J. Phys. Chem. Lett. The figure is composed of work published in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_10.txt,vith,2021_10.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_3.png,B,"The cover picture inspired by the Lantern Festival in China. Cyclopropenone and allyl alcohol/olefin are like fireworks, while radicals are like fuses. Their combination and collision can produce",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_5.txt,clip,2025_5.txt,"This cover art illustrates the successful execution of visible light-driven (represented as fireworks in the cover art) asymmetric photoredox catalytic Minisci reactions of azaarenes (described as the image of the clothes on the boy in the cover art) by electron-withdrawing carbonyl radicals (described as the image of the clothes on the girl in the cover art). The use of secondary amides as substituents on the radicals is pivotal to this success, leading to the efficient synthesis of a diverse array of valuable enantioenriched amides. These amides feature azaarene-substituted tertiary carbon stereocenters at the β-position (signified by the imagery in the sky). This cover art has been designed by Tianju Shao, Yanli Yin, and Zhiyong Jiang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2019_18.txt,vitg,2019_18.txt,"The cover art depicts a photoredox-based oxidative heterocoupling of enolsilanes, enabling the synthesis of dicarbonyl compounds using oxygen as the environmentally friendly oxidant. The iconic building of Peking University serves as a metaphorical ""light source"", illuminating the development pathway of eco-friendly chemical synthesis methods that contribute to our urban sustainability goals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_26.txt,vith,2024_26.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_9.png,A,"Simulating cadmium (Cd) fate process in lake sediments: Our study reveals a substantial rise in Cd concentration at the surface sediment, impacting benthic organisms. Employing diverse risk assessment methods, we illuminate the ecological consequences of heavy metal fate during acute input events.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,vith,2021_12.txt,Predicting daily discharge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using a machine learning model supported by meteorological and population migration big data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,Read the recent Collection on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_8.png,A,"Personality is relatively stable over long timescales but malleable to some degree. In this Review, Jackson and Wright examine the mechanisms responsible for intentional and naturally occurring change as well as mechanisms that promote stability, thereby limiting potential change.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_8.txt,groundtruth,3_8.txt,"In this Review, Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues consider how systemic factors contribute to individual-level racial biases and vice versa.Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_6.txt,clip,2_6.txt,"Individuals who are transgender or nonbinary experience a higher prevalence of certain mental health concerns. In this Review, Tebbe and Budge discuss these disparities along with factors that protect these individuals from negative outcomes and promote well-being.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_1.txt,vith,1_1.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_6.png,C,of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vitg,2023_7.txt,"The lotus-seed-resistant starch-promoted lactic acid conversion to butyric acid mainly by the (Butyryl-CoA:acetate) CoA transferase pathway in intestinal microbiota, especially including Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Ralstonia, is presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_47.txt,vith,2022_47.txt,Starch–lipid complexes (type 5 RS) can effectively alleviate experimentally induced colitis in mice by modulating gut microbiota,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Soluble aggregates of chicken breast myofibrillar protein formed by gallic acid showed a retarded digestive behavior, which can foster the engineering advances of modulating protein structure−digestion for the tailored manufacture of muscle protein-based beverages.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_39.txt,clip,2022_39.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_5.png,A,"Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a colorless, flammable, reactive gas commonly used for sterilization and chemical manufacturing that has become a contaminant of concern for the U.S. EPA as a result of an assessment of its toxicity, which found that EtO is more potent than had been previously understood.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,test
Nature Photonics,18_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_7.png,C,"Focus on metasurfaces
This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics.
See Neshev and Miroshnichenko
Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,"Ultrafast terahertz nanoscopy
Artistic impression of near-field terahertz nanoscopy probing the femtosecond dynamics of interlayer excitons (red-blue bubble structures) in van der Waals heterobilayers (grey spheres).
See Huber et al.
IMAGE: Markus Plankl, University of Regensburg. COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/15_5.txt,vitg,15_5.txt,"Ultrafast tunnelling spectroscopy
Lightwave-driven scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, which combines atomic spatial resolution with sub-picosecond temporal resolution and millielectronvolt energy resolution, enables the analysis of the energy dynamics of a single-atom defect in a 2D material excited by phonons.
See Roelcke et al.
Image: Brad Baxley, PtW. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_7.txt,groundtruth,18_7.txt,"3D visualization of a Peregrine soliton, which can occur in nonlinear fibre optics. This and other curious freak wave phenomena are a topic of this month's review.
Review Article p755
IMAGE: GOËRY GENTY
COVER DESIGN: SAMANTHA WHITHAM",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/8_3.txt,clip,8_3.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_7.png,A,"A peculiar order–order transition with transition zone between achiral double gyroid and chiral alternating gyroid can be observed in the self-assembly of chiral triblock terpolymers, giving optical activity for the alternating gyroid due to interchain chiral interaction with homochiral evolution from helical polymer chain to hierarchical superstructure via mesochiral self-assembly.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_2.png,D,"Neoantigens for therapeutic cancer vaccines, inspired by the Review on p261.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_9.txt,clip,21_9.txt,"Vaccine adjuvants, inspired by the Review on p454.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_7.txt,vith,20_7.txt,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases, inspired by the Review on p838.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_2.txt,groundtruth,23_2.txt,test
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_8.png,A,"Social transmission
Social behaviour among wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) provides a way to share microbes. Their social networks are an important transmission route for anaerobic gut microbes, whereas more oxygen-tolerant gut microbes spread through shared environments instead.
See Raulo et al
Image: Roy and Marie Battell. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,vitg,2_12.txt,"Phenological mismatch
Pied flycatcher with caterpillar prey to feed young. Trends in spatial and temporal mismatch between trees, caterpillars and birds in the UK show delayed phenology of all species with increasing latitude, and little spatial variation in the magnitude of mismatch between caterpillars and birds.
See Burgess et al.
Image: Tom Wallis. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_7.txt,vith,2_7.txt,"Different brains
The molecular basis of the division of labour is explored using transcriptomic analysis of the brains of different castes of pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis). In this image, brain structures from 3D brain reconstructions were overlaid on macrophotos of the ant heads.
See See Li et al.
Image: Lihua Yang. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_5.png,D,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,"This cover art reveals the intricate reaction network uncovered in batch bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) hydrolysis, showcasing a surprisingly complex reaction pathway. Mastering the chemical intricacies of BHET hydrolysis is essential for optimizing the subsequent polycondensation process, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_5.png,D,"The cover depicts a relay race, which resembles the synthesis of chiral 1,3-diamines from aldehydes, sulfuric diamide, and 3-substituted 1,3-dienes through relay pyrrolidine and palladium catalysis. The cover art was designed by the collaboration of all authors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_48.txt,clip,2023_48.txt,"The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2019_18.txt,vitg,2019_18.txt,"The cover art depicts a photoredox-based oxidative heterocoupling of enolsilanes, enabling the synthesis of dicarbonyl compounds using oxygen as the environmentally friendly oxidant. The iconic building of Peking University serves as a metaphorical ""light source"", illuminating the development pathway of eco-friendly chemical synthesis methods that contribute to our urban sustainability goals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_26.txt,vith,2024_26.txt,"The cover picture inspired by the Lantern Festival in China. Cyclopropenone and allyl alcohol/olefin are like fireworks, while radicals are like fuses. Their combination and collision can produce",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_3.png,B,"Intestinal organ chips, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"Food insecurity, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"Monitoring coeliac disease, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guidelines on p198.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.txt,vith,21_10.txt,"Looking back on 2022, inspired by the Year in Reviews on p67
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_11.txt,clip,20_11.txt,train
Science Advances,11_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_4.png,C,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Controlled tissue growth is critical for the survival of multicellular organisms and requires precise regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation to reach homeostasis. Understanding the interaction between cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to uncovering feedback mechanisms in tissue growth. By studying human dermal fibroblast-grown de novo microtissues, as depicted here. Benn et al. shed light onto the complex relationships between cells and their ECM during tissue growth, thereby providing new insights into this crucial mechanobiological process. Credit: Mario C. Benn and Viola Vogel/ETH Zurich",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_13.txt,vith,9_13.txt,"ONLINE COVER Simultaneous multi-color bioluminescence imaging of a cell mixture. Bioluminescence is an optical marker that does not require excitation by light. Hattori et al. developed a method to expand the bioluminescence color scheme of luciferase by establishing 20 color variants. This imaging method can be applied across various scales, from organelles to animals, and enables simple simultaneous observation of numerous biological targets and phenomena. Credit: Takeharu Nagai",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_4.txt,groundtruth,11_4.txt,"ONLINE COVER Tears reveal more than just emotion. Tears' extracellular vesicles (EVs) allow us to see molecular-level signs of different diseases or actions of other organs inside our bodies. Hu et al. found that tear EVs act as immune effectors, maintain retinal homeostasis, and regulate inflammation. The rich bioinformation that tears carry offer value beyond the ocular system. Credit: Hu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_11.txt,clip,9_11.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_12.png,B,"A highly conformable elastomer holds an array of ultrathin silicon beams
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letter by Meitl  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,"Magnetoelectric metamaterials for neurostimulation
Self-rectifying magnetoelectric metamaterials with nonlinear responses generate electrical pulse sequences that enable precisely timed remote neural stimulation and restoration of sensory motor responses in vivo.
See Chen et al.
Image: Maayan Harel. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_12.txt,groundtruth,23_12.txt,"Organic molecules encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes tune the electronic conduction properties.
Cover design by Nicky Perry.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"Designing load-bearing tissues that match the mechanical performance of native ones adds extra challenges to tissue engineering. Electrospinning of biodegradable polymer fibres into oriented sheets enables the production of laminate scaffolds; when seeded with mesenchymal stem cells and cultured for 10 weeks, these scaffolds replicate the mechanical properties of native annulus fibrosus.
Cover design by David Shand
Article by Nerurkar  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/8_1.txt,ave_2,8_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_9.png,D,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Bioengineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of bioengineering, with a particular focus on translation, inclusivity and accessibility. See Editorial
Cover design: Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"Less than 1% of the Earth’s freshwater is estimated to be accessible, and its contamination with plastic waste, heavy metals, organic pollutants, oil spills as well as bacterial and viral pathogens represents a severe ecological threat. Micro- and nanorobots can be designed to remove and degrade water contaminants to increase the accessibility of fresh and clean water around the globe. See Mario Urso et al.
Cover image: Laurent Mekul.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_9.txt,vitg,1_9.txt,"Bioplastics are derived from renewable carbon sources and/or are degradable at their end-of-life stage, thereby providing a potential solution to plastics pollution. However, lengthy and expensive testing and certification processes, as well as greenwashing and public misconceptions currently hinder the widespread usage and adequate disposal of bioplastics. See Lam Tan Hao et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_9.txt,groundtruth,2_9.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_1.png,C,"Cover shows an illustration of collecting targeted information extracted from manuscripts including chemicals, experimental sentences, nanomaterial compositions and morphologies. The statistics of collected information is displayed using a computer visualization tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2020_7.txt,vith,2020_7.txt,"The cover illustrates an AI hybrid approach combining Ligand-Based Virtual Screening on PARP1 known binders, and Structure-Based Virtual Screening on DNA G-quadruplex folding. The data flow is managed by the underground AI method, PyRMD, ultimately leading to the discovery of new compounds capable of acting on both targets. Part of the background imagery was generated with the assistance of getimg.ai. Thanks to Benito Natale and Michele Roggia for producing the cover. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"This figure shows materials being ""scanned"" by AI, as our method applies an AI-based filter to assess prediction reliability of AI-based regression models. The depicted structures are from the COD database (CC0 license) and were processed using the Avogadro software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"A new end-to-end method for predicting the carbon capture and storage (CCS) properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is highlighted. Only the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) is required in this method, which generates feature maps by projection and utilizes Deep Learning (DL) models for accurate performance prediction. This method has been proven to rapidly screen high performance materials from datasets.   View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2022_11.txt,clip,2022_11.txt,train
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_1.png,D,"The cover depicts a solid ion-exchange and diffusion method developed to achieve a metal–organic framework derived sulfidation strategy for carbon-encapsulated metal sulfides. This architectural design makes these nanohybrid electrodes display outstanding capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life for Li-ion batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_2.txt,vith,2018_2.txt,"The strategically engineered N,O-codoped carbon spheres using molecularly designed polybenzoxazine particles are explored using a template-free colloidal technique. Evaluated in supercapacitor applications, the carbon material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, highlighting its potential for energy storage devices. The cover art has been prepared in part using an AI tool at https://copilot.microsoft.com/.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,"Cover art portrays the multifunctional membrane design comprising graphene (Gr) nanosheet and garnet solid-state electrolyte (SSE) that effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttling effect and adeptly promotes the Li-ion diffusion in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Due to the synergistic contributions of Gr and SSE, Purdue University's experimental battery research group and University of Calgary's solid-state materials research group successfully demonstrated ultrastable and high-rate Li–S batteries. The incorporation of SSE into the conductive Gr concept provides an innovative strategy to improve the electrochemical kinetics and reactions, opening a new method to advance the development of next generation Li–S batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_5.txt,clip,2018_5.txt,"Understanding the growth mechanism of Li dendrites near pits is essential for improving battery performance, contributing to greater safety and efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,test
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.png,B,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,groundtruth,2023_2.txt,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,val
Crystal Growth & Design,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_2.png,D,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,ave_1,2024_4.txt,"A schematic of stepwise GaN growth, featuring terrace-like structures with atomic-level details: white spheres represent nitrogen atoms, blue for gallium, black for carbon, and yellow for sodium. The illustration highlights GaN",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_2.png,A,"On the cover:Xi et al. demonstrated that intratracheal adeno-associated viral (AAV, green) delivery of a
CasRx-based RNA editing tool induces regeneration of alveolar type II cells (red)
and antagonism of lung fibrosis. Image credit: Shengxi Shen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On the Cover: The rise of the nanoparticles. Artist Paula J. Morris's rendition of the therapeutic
lipid nanoparticle containing siRNAs targeted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (red) approaching
a SARS-COV-2 infected lung epithelial cell (blue). See Idris et al. (2219–2226). Adapted
fromCaldas et al. (2020) with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_7.txt,ave_1,29_7.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_9.png,D,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_34.txt,ave_1,2022_34.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_22.txt,clip,2022_22.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Background: Polarizing Perspectives: Ion- and Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions Dictate Bulk Nanobubble Stability (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (29), 7263–7270. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03973). Top row from left: Structural Rearrangements of Pigeon Cryptochrome 4 Undergoing a Complete Redox Cycle (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (16), 3844–3855. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00424); Probing the Molecular Interactions of Electrochemically Reduced Vitamin B2 with CO2 (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (44), 10853–10860. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c05952). Bottom row from left: Supramolecular Chirality Achieved by Assembly of Small π-Molecules of Octahydrobinaphtols with Axial Chirality (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (18), 4464–4471. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08464); Atomistic Insight into the Lipid Nanodomains of Synaptic Vesicles (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (11), 2707–2716. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07982); Genetic Algorithm for Automated Parameterization of Network Hamiltonian Models of Amyloid Fibril Formation (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (8), 1854–1865. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07322).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,test
Trends in Cancer,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_1.png,A,"In this issue, Haase et al. discuss how advances in transcriptomic
and epigenomic profiling can uncover new pediatric high-grade glioma subtypes
and inform on new epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
The cover depicts an abstract representation of epigenetic reprograming leading
to tumor eradication illustrated by the life cycle of the Monarch butterfly. The brain
tumor is illustrated by the leaf and the eggs embedded in the brain. The stages
of the monarch’s life cycle represents the epigenetic reprogramming of the tumor,
going from the chrysalis to mature butterflies symbolizing epigenetic reprograming
within tumor cells. The flowers represent the fuel needed by the butterflies to mature
and thrive. The image also depicts DNA wrapping around histone subunits forming
the nucleosome, which are responsible for the proper packaging of the chromatin.
Upon epigenetic reprograming, the structure of the chromatin changes enabling the
expression of genetic programs the mediate tumor cell death or activation of immune
pathways, enabling the demise of the tumors, exemplified by the damaged butterfly
at
the top right of the image. Cover image designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"Science benefits from embracing diversity and inclusion. The scientific
community is beginning to bring more attention to this issue, but more work is needed.
As Trends in Cancer celebrates its fifth anniversary, we pledge to amplify the diversity of
voices in our pages – showcasing scientists with diverse gender, geography, ethnicities,
and career-stage perspectives. Cover design by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_5.txt,ave_2,6_5.txt,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"Tumor cell dormancy has been linked to late cancer relapse. On pages 66–78 in this
issue, Prunier et al. examine recent evidence pointing to a central role for TGF-β signaling in regulating
mechanisms of cellular dormancy, and discuss therapeutic approaches. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/4_1.png,A,"In this Review, Cheryan et al. discuss four factors that might explain women’s underrepresentation in some STEM fields and interventions that might help reduce these disparities.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"In this Review, Gagné et al. describe how self-determination theory can help researchers and practitioners shape the future of work to ensure it meets workers’ psychological needs.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.png,A,"Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly
This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions.
The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly.
See Gong et al.
Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR tools
This issue highlights the delivery of CRISPR components via nanoparticles, and advances in the precision of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, the modulation of global patterns in gene expression, the imaging of calcification in aortic valves, and the understanding of glial responses to implanted electrodes.
The cover illustrates the delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and donor DNA by gold nanoparticles, for the correction of a gene mutation (Article)
Image by Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_0,1_2.txt,"Long-lasting implanted biomaterials
This focus issue highlights strategies for increasing the functional durability of implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates a subcutaneously-implanted scaffold for the study and modulation of a pre-metastatic niche (Review Article).
Image by Katie Aguado.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,val
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_9.png,A,"Climate change is causing record-breaking temperatures across
the globe. As the projected death toll caused by heat increases, it is important to
understand its effects on metabolic health and find short- and long-term adaptation
strategies. This month, Pallubinsky and colleagues mark Earth Day (April 22nd)
discussing the double-edged sword of heat on human health, highlighting its impact
on human physiology and discussing how to improve heat resilience. Our cover image
features Record Breaking Heat from the Environmental Graphiti series “The Art of
Climate Change—Why is our climate changing?”. The artwork, based on data from the
World Meteorological Organization, shows the global mean temperature differences
compared to the 1850-1900 average. The peak at the top right shows 2023, the
warmest year in the 174-year observational record. Cover by Alisa Singer (http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/),
courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_9.txt,groundtruth,35_9.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,vitg,27_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,train
Nature Electronics,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/8_1.png,B,"Spinning functional fibres
A spontaneous phase separation technique that mimics the silk-spinning processes of spiders can be used to make functional fibres for use in textile electronics. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the phase separation technique, which operates at ambient pressure and temperature, used to create the fibres.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Swee Ching Tan, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_8.txt,vith,6_8.txt,"Quantum computing
Our 2025 technology of the year is quantum computing.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Light-touch electronics with a spin
Imperceptible electronic fibres can be tethered to biological surfaces with an orbital spinning technique and used to create on-skin electrodes that can detect electrocardiogram signals, skin-gated organic electrochemical transistors, and augmented touch and plant interfaces. The photograph on the cover shows the fibres on one person’s finger, where they can be used to record electrocardiograms of another person by touching the other person’s finger.
See Wang et al. and News & Views by Wan et al.
Image: Wenyu Wang and Yuan Shui, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vitg,5_4.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_9.png,C,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,clip,2023_7.txt,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"A multishell nanoparticle comprised of an ultrabright perovskite core and a nitric oxide sensitive orange-fluorescent emitting dye facilitating real-time imaging and ratiometric biosensing, especially in deep tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,ave_3,2024_8.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_95,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_95.png,A,"ONLINE COVER NK Cells Enforce a T Cell Checkpoint. Natural killer (NK) cells can eliminate infected or malignant cells, but how and when NK cell cytolytic activity is directed against host immune cells is not fully understood. Kilian et al. found that the expression of the NKp30 ligand B7H6 by activated human T cells promoted their cytolysis by NKp30+ NK cells. NK cells restricted the antitumor activity of B7H6+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and were associated with poor immunotherapy responses in patients with esophageal cancer. This month’s cover depicts an NK cell (light blue) decorated with NKp30 (blue surface receptor) killing an antitumoral T cell (yellow) that expresses B7H6 (orange surface ligand). Other T cells lacking B7H6 are spared and can continue targeting cancer cells with their own cytotoxic granules. Credit: N. Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_95.txt,groundtruth,9_95.txt,"ONLINE COVER Teaming Up to Defend. Depicted here are CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs, green), which resist infection by enveloped viruses (yellow spheres), and CD1c+ DCs (orange), which are susceptible to infection. Silvin et al. report that CD141+ DCs acquire viral antigen from infected CD1c+ DCs and prime antiviral T cell responses. [CREDIT: RENAUD CHABRIER, WWW.RENAUDCHABRIR.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_13.txt,clip,2_13.txt,"ONLINE COVER Frozen Footprints of Antibody Fabs. This month's cover features a 3D reconstruction of the capsid surface of human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a virus linked to an emerging polio-like illness called acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The blue and gold patches represent the distinct binding sites on the icosahedral capsid (colored in cyan) occupied by two neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to EV-D68 identified by Vogt et al. The image was generated by cryo–electron microscopy of immune complexes formed by mixing virions with a 200-fold molar excess of antibody Fab fragments. The antibody depicted in blue is a potential therapeutic agent in human AFM based on its broad reactivity with EV-D68 clades and its ability to protect mice in a model of EV-D68–induced neurologic disease. [CREDIT: KARA JIANING FU/PURDUE UNIVERSITY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_49.txt,ave_0,5_49.txt,"ONLINE COVER Glycoengineering the Tip of the Spear. This month’s cover depicts cellular soldiers (blue myeloid cells at the left and green T cells at the right) rushing to battle cancer cells. Leading the charge is an Fc-enhanced form of an anti–PD-L1 checkpoint blockade antibody. Using mice humanized to express human Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), Saban et al. found that the in vivo antitumor activity of anti–PD-L1 antibodies was enhanced by removing fucose residues from glycans on the human IgG1 Fc region to promote binding to activating FcγRs on myeloid cells. Treatment with afucosylated anti–PD-L1 enabled depletion of immunosuppressive PD-L1+ cells in the tumor microenvironment and blocked inhibitory signaling in PD-1+ T cells. These findings suggest that modifications in the Fc scaffold of currently used anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy drugs could yield a boost in their antitumor activity. Credit: Marzia Munafò",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_81.txt,vitg,8_81.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2025_1.png,D,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,"Improving the catalytic efficiency of cascade reactions has widespread implications in many fields. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a cascade reaction on a two-dimensional scaffold revealed spatial organizations of catalysts that lead to enhanced overall reaction rates. As visualized on the cover, turnover events vary drastically across structured surfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2016_5.txt,vith,2016_5.txt,Methane chlorination and the subsequent reduction by liquid reactive metal or solvated electrons are combined synergistically to convert methane into value-added chemicals during molten salt electrolysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_4.png,B,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,ave_2,21_2.txt,"The ageing world, inspired by the Focus starting on p557.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,clip,20_6.txt,"Advancing equitable access to care, inspired by the Comment articles for World Kidney Day starting on p147.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.txt,ave_1,20_10.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,48_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_2.png,C,"Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the
neocortex. On pages 141–151, Matthew Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the
cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting
a powerful operating principle of the cortex. The cover image shows layer 5 neocortical
pyramidal cells from different regions of the cortex coding for orientation, color
and form (of a tiger) while receiving feedback input (context) to the dendrites. An
artist's impression of a dendritic spike is shown in one of the pyramidal cells. Cover
design: Thomas Splettstoesser. Credit for the cloud image: Chris Schwarz (Shutterstock.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_10.txt,clip,36_10.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,"The amygdala is a multi-nuclear limbic system structure that functions
as a primary processing center for social and emotional behaviors in the vertebrate
brain. The term ‘amygdala’ comes from the Greek word for ‘almond’ due to its
characteristic ovoid shape. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Joshua Corbin
and colleagues review how one of the key nuclei of the amygdala, the medial
amygdala, is formed from embryonic development and how these developmental
programs may drive the emergences of innate social behaviors. The cover image
shows an almond tree at two stages of its lifecycle; during springtime when flowers
are blooming and during summer when it has reached its mature state. The arrows
in the young tree invoke the formation of different lineages of amygdala neurons
that form different branches of the tree, which then differentiate into populations
of neurons that control different aspects of medial amygdala regulated behaviors.
Cover image credits: Benjamin Toth/Getty Images; cover design by Joshua Corbin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_2.txt,groundtruth,48_2.txt,"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, adopt diverse roles that
span development, adulthood, and aging. Once thought to be a relatively homogeneous
population, there is a growing recognition that microglia are highly specialized to
suit
their specific brain region, with the cerebellum being one such area of specialization.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Mark Stoessel and Ania Majewska discuss
the roles cerebellar microglia play as they interact with the cerebellar environment,
and
how these roles contrast with those of microglial populations in other brain regions.
The
cover features an artistic representation of cerebellar microglia interacting with
a lone
Purkinje cell, the primary output cell of the cerebellum. Cover image by Rianne Stowell.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_6.txt,vith,44_6.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_9.png,D,"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, adopt diverse roles that
span development, adulthood, and aging. Once thought to be a relatively homogeneous
population, there is a growing recognition that microglia are highly specialized to
suit
their specific brain region, with the cerebellum being one such area of specialization.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Mark Stoessel and Ania Majewska discuss
the roles cerebellar microglia play as they interact with the cerebellar environment,
and
how these roles contrast with those of microglial populations in other brain regions.
The
cover features an artistic representation of cerebellar microglia interacting with
a lone
Purkinje cell, the primary output cell of the cerebellum. Cover image by Rianne Stowell.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_6.txt,clip,44_6.txt,"Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their
environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential
presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental
question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However,
research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent
progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a
framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same
language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible
space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt,vith,46_1.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,"Research in brain aging has historically focused on advanced age, when
the effects of time on cognitive health and physical functioning are most manifest.
However, an increasing number of studies are finding that changes during middle
age are prognostic of future cognitive health. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences,
Dohm-Hansen and colleagues review emerging evidence indicating that middle age is
a period defined by unique processes both within and outside the brain that influence
cognitive aging trajectories. Many of these processes, ranging from genetic expression
to memory for everyday events, display non-linear relationships with chronological
age.
This opens for the possibility of identifying aging processes that are especially
relevant
during middle age and could have bearing on health trajectories in later life. Photo
credits: Ivcandy/Getty Images and Macauley Smith Breault/SciDraw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_9.txt,groundtruth,47_9.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_4.png,D,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,vitg,31_1.txt,"The cover shows purine P2X7 receptors (red) in spinal cord motor neurons (blue) stained for the neuronal antigen MAP-2 and counterstained with a nuclear marker (DAPI, dark blue/black). On page 821 of this issue, Wang et al. show that blocking these receptors after spinal cord injury improved functional recovery, supported neuronal survival and diminished cell death around the area of the lesion. Magnification, x100.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_5.txt,clip,10_5.txt,"The brain is the master regulator of physiology and behavior. This issue focuses on what we know, and what we need to know, to successfully treat a variety of neurological disorders. The cover image is of a pyramidal neuron, courtesy of Thomas Deerinck, University of California–San Diego.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/16_2.txt,ave_2,16_2.txt,"Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s disease
In this issue, Eijsvogel et al. share the results of a phase 1 study that investigated the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of UB-312 (an immunotherapeutic that targets pathological α-synuclein) in people with Parkinson’s disease. The cover shows a neuron being drawn by a blue pen, representing the long-term, potentially restorative and regenerative effects an immunotherapy (such as UB-312) may have for those with Parkinson’s disease.
See Eijsvogel et al.
Image: Noémie Dodart. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_4.txt,groundtruth,30_4.txt,train
Current Biology,34_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_11.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image shows microtubule networks in enucleated cells plated
on adhesive micropatterns of various geometries. Microtubules radiate from the centrosome,
which acts as the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell. It is known that
the centrosome-microtubule network has self-centering properties, but the mechanism
ensuring this positioning is unclear. In this issue, Jimenez et al. (pages 1206–1220)
demonstrate that, contrary to the classical belief, the centrosome-microtubule network
does not position at the cell geometrical center but at a position defined by the
architecture of the actin network. When the adhesion pattern is homogeneous and the
cell contour is regular, this position can correspond to the cell geometrical center.
But in asymmetric conditions (corresponding here to the “moon-shaped” or the “arm-chair-shaped”
geometries at the bottom of the image) where the contraction and protrusion activities
of the actin network are polarized, the centrosome position is shifted away from the
contractile region toward an inner region devoid of contractile acto-myosin bundles
and rich in dynein motors exerting pulling forces on microtubules. Image by Manuel
Théry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_19.txt,clip,31_19.txt,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Werner et al. demonstrate that contractile rings undergo speed oscillations that their experimental
and theoretical approaches suggest are due to periodic compaction and remodeling of
the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here, gray shapes are cytokinetic ring positions in each
time point of timelapse image series for 20 control cells; the direction of furrowing
and the timing of bouts of acceleration and deceleration are random, but speed oscillations
and circumferential travel are consistent. Rainbow traces show speed (y axis) oscillations
of 72 5° segments around the ring of one control cell over time (x axis). Segments
at 3 o’clock (red) take turns being fastest with segments at 8 o’clock (green) and
finally at 10 o’clock (blue); all segments oscillate at a range of frequencies. Image
by Michael Werner and Amy Shaub Maddox.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_11.txt,groundtruth,34_11.txt,"On the cover: A collection of early Drosophila melanogaster embryos (most around cell cycle 14) revealing expression patterns of developmental
genes or expression of reporter genes driven by specific enhancers. The complexity
and diversity of the patterns underscores the notion that changes in gene expression
can produce morphological changes in animal evolution. This concept is discussed in
the review by M. Levine (R754–R763), which is part of our special review issue on
the evolution of gene regulation. Images by Mike Perry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_8.txt,vitg,20_8.txt,val
Nature Synthesis,3_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_9.png,D,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,clip,2_6.txt,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,vith,3_8.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,groundtruth,3_9.txt,test
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_4.png,C,Agri-food-based applications of different essential-oil-based nanocarriers. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,vitg,2021_6.txt,"Non-covalent interactions between pesticides and carriers in pesticide controlled-release systems significantly impact the system's stability, stimulus responsiveness, loading capacity, and physicochemical properties of pesticides, such as hydrogen-bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and supramolecular host–guest interactions. Modifying multiple assembly sites on carriers or combining various carriers to construct a new type of pesticide controlled-release system with multiple non-covalent bond interactions can play a more significant role in the development of green agriculture.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,ave_3,2024_5.txt,val
Cell Reports,43_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_4.png,B,"On the cover: An artistic view of transmissible RNA in honey bees. In this issue,
Maori et al. report that honey bees share biologically active RNA between individuals
and across generations through secretion and ingestion of worker and royal jellies.
Design and artwork by Claudia Flandoli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/27_7.txt,clip,27_7.txt,"On the cover: Cherries represent the cohesin ATPase domains (SMC3 and SMC1A) undergoing
conformational movements and dimerization upon ATP binding and hydrolysis. These changes
depend upon the presence and binding of RAD21 domains, illustrated as bees. In this
issue, Vitoria Gomes et al. provide structural insights into the dynamics of the cohesin SMC1A and SMC3 ATPase
domains that regulate interactions with DNA. Image credit: Marianne Lemée.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_4.txt,groundtruth,43_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,vitg,25_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover image is an artistic representation depicting cell growth
of the fruit fly. In this issue, Han et al. demonstrate that pink1 deficiency results in multiple growth defects and that PINK1 controls cell growth
independent of Parkin. This effect is mediated through systemic insulin signaling.
Image by Mengli Shi and Yongchao Han.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/34_2.txt,vith,34_2.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_4.png,C,"This cover image depicts hollow persistent luminous nanoparticles (PLNPs) that utilize their large inner cavities and near-infrared afterglow for tumor imaging and chemo/photodynamic therapies. The principle of synthesis for these hollow PLNPs leverages the crystallization of the immobilized precursor ions on the purgeable carbon spheres. By virtue of the above-mentioned features, this strategy not only enables high drug loading efficiency but also exhibits encouraging tumor suppression efficacy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2018_8.txt,ave_1,2018_8.txt,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_5.txt,vith,2025_5.txt,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"This cover image features a sphere suspended on a complex three-dimensional network structure, symbolizing the stability and innovative design of SNWs-PAO6, highlighting its excellent lubrication performance. The image reflects the potential and breakthroughs of nanomaterials in tribological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.png,A,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,ave_3,2024_18.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_2,2020_4.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,clip,2020_3.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_3.png,A,"Sucrose, derived from photosynthesis, serves as the primary energy
source for plants. It is produced in the leaves and transported to the roots via the
phloem, playing a crucial role in providing energy. Environmental conditions can affect
photosynthesis, influencing the sucrose budget available for roots. Plants can adapt
their root systems to optimize resource uptake from the soil and ensure the plant's
adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Tom Beeckman and colleagues
review emerging research indicating that SnRK1, T6P, and TOR collectively serve as
fundamental regulators of root development together forming a signaling module to
interpret the nutritional status of the plant and translate this to growth adjustments
in the
below ground parts. Image credit: Elissa Steil.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_3.txt,groundtruth,29_3.txt,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"Evidence is mounting for the importance of understanding the rhizosphere better in
order to lay the foundation for the next green revolution. Root biology and how they
interact with their environment may well be one of the fastest growing areas in plant
science and in this focus issue we are following some of the latest trends, such as
root architecture, root development, and plant–soil fungal interactions. On pages
419–425 Arthur Q. Villordon and colleagues propose that unraveling the role of root
architecture in root and tuber crop productivity will improve global food security,
especially in regions with marginal soil fertility and low-input agricultural systems.
On pages 426–431 Zhaojun Ding and colleagues highlight how differential growth dynamics
between primary and lateral roots appear to be crucial for plants to adapt to changing
environmental conditions. Finally, on pages 432–438 Matthias C. Rillig and colleagues
propose a new framework for studying the complexity of soil fungal communities. Cover
design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/19_6.txt,vith,19_6.txt,"On The Cover: There has been a long-standing question in seed research why cyanide, a respiration
inhibitor, breaks seed dormancy. While the alternative respiratory pathway and reactive
oxygen species have been suggested to be part of the mechanism, the cell biological
and mechanistic significance of this paradox remains unclear. On pages 989–998 Hiroyuki
Nonogaki presents a coherent model for ABA signaling in seeds, which could also address
the old paradox in seed research. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_2.txt,clip,24_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_2.png,C,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"COVER: inspired by the Perspective on p447.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_6.txt,vitg,23_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p750.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p437
Cover image credit: Liz Foster Light Painting Photography/Alamy Stock Photo",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_5.txt,vith,20_5.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_3.png,A,"Anomalous diffusion via deep learning
The diffusion of particles in real-world settings and complex environments often exhibits nonlinear and unstable properties, also known as anomalous diffusion. While mathematical models have been proposed to describe the different features that give rise to anomalous diffusion, characterizing anomalous diffusions with unknown features remains challenging. In this issue, Yongbing Zhang, Xiangyang Ji and colleagues introduce a deep learning approach for anomalous diffusion recognition that is robust for observed trajectories that are in-distribution samples (meaning, covered by the training distribution), as well as out-of-distribution samples (meaning, not originally found in the training dataset). The cover image depicts a diffusion phenomenon within a black-box medium.
See Xiaochen Feng et al. and Adrian Pacheco-Pozo and Diego Krapf
Image: Courtesy of Yongbing Zhang, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Opportunities for machine learning in chemical reaction networks
In this issue, Mingjian Wen, Kristin Persson and colleagues survey the different computational strategies available for chemical reaction network construction and analysis in a variety of applications, such as natural language processing and reaction property prediction. The opportunities for machine learning approaches, as well as the challenges that must still be overcome, are also discussed.
See Wen et al.
Image: Jonathan Kitchen / DigitalVision / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_6.png,B,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,ave_2,4_2.txt,"A cell atlas of worm longevity
In this issue, Shihong Max Gao et al. use a model organism that has been fundamental to our understanding of aging biology — Caenorhabditis elegans — and generate a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas, profiling the cell-type-specific effects of aging and pro-longevity strategies. The cover image portrays two intertwined worms transitioning into swirling particles that stretch through time, assembling into a radial graph.
See Gao et al.
Image: Alps Xia. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,"Intravital imaging of aging neural stem cells
In this issue, Yicheng Wu et al. use chronic intravital imaging to monitor neural stem cells in the hippocampal niche of young and middle-aged mice for several months. Their study reveals multiple aging-associated alterations in the behavior of neural stem cells and their progeny that lead to reduced clonal output. The image cover shows an artistic overlay of Nestin–GFP-labeled neural stem cells in young (blue) and middle-aged (red) mice, which makes the decline in neural stem cells with advancing age apparent. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI in young mice (grey).
See Wu et al.
Cover image: Yicheng Wu, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_9.txt,vitg,3_9.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_10.png,D,"Focus on phase separation
Phase separation participates in biological processes as a fundamental mechanism for assembling subcellular structures and provides new perspectives for basic study and therapeutic applications. The cover depicts drops of dew condensing on a leaf, symbolizing condensates formed via phase separation in cells.
See Jingjing Xie et al.
Image credit: Xuefeng Sun (photography), Hao He (image editing), Guangya Zhu (design). Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_1.txt,vith,18_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"Ring of death
Cells undergoing ferroptosis, an oxidative form of cell death, exhibit an accumulation of oxidized lipids at the plasma membrane. The cover image depicts a dying HT-1080 cell with lipids visualized as a glowing green ‘ring of death’ using a lipid reactive oxygen species probe.
See Dixon et al. and Birsoy et al
IMAGE: Leslie Magtanong. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_7.txt,clip,17_7.txt,"Concentrated by condensates
Small molecules can concentrate in diverse cellular compartments. The image, captured by two-photon microscopy, shows the accumulation of tryptanthrin, a quinazoline indole alkaloid and active ingredient in medicinal herbs, within biomolecular condensates and cytoplasmic organelles.
See Kilgore et al.
Image: Henry Kilgore, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,test
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_2.png,A,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_11.png,C,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,clip,2010_12.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,vith,2010_11.txt,"Diffusion dynamics of polymer chains represent a classical problem in polymer physics. Our research adopts a unique approach to comprehend the diffusion dynamics of star polymers, focusing on their shape parameter: relative shape anisotropy (κ2), which ranges from 0, encompassing all five platonic solids, to 1, representing a straight rod.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,ave_0,2012_7.txt,train
Macromolecules,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2025_1.png,B,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_11.png,C,"Both parasite and host factors contribute to the severity of malaria pathology. In
this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Bernabeu and Smith review mechanisms of disease pathology in severe malaria and
discuss the role of parasite blockade of EPCR function as one of the central events
in malaria pathology. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_9.txt,clip,33_9.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Darif et al. report on the recent
20th BioMalPar, a world-leading conference on the biology and pathology of malaria
parasites. Frischknecht et al. reflect on what has been achieved in the last 20 years
through the European Union Network of Excellences (NoEs) BioMalPar and EviMalaR as
well as other pan-European networks, provide examples of specific achievements, and
look to the future. The cover shows a cartoon from the malaria comic of the EviMalaR
NoE (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/wcip/engage/publicengagement/wcipcomics/),
which illustrates the molecular tinkering performed by researchers in these networks
to uncover the unique biology of Plasmodium. The cartoon is surrounded by scanning
electron microscopy images of uninfected red blood cells as well as those infected
with
asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Image credit: Aurélie Claes, Artur
Scherf, and Edward Ross.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"The cover illustrates a child donating a finger prick blood sample containing
malaria parasites. The blood samples are processed to purify DNA that contains both
human
and parasite materials. Targeted amplification of parasite molecular markers enables
further
analysis. Molecular markers are illustrated as coloured segments distributed throughout
the DNA strand. Genotypes comprised of these markers are used to conduct population
genetic analyses to describe malaria transmission patterns. In this issue of Trends in
   Parasitology, Ruybal- Pesántez et al. review the landscape of molecular markers available
for malaria genomic surveillance and their utility according to defi ned use cases
for malaria
control. Image credit: Thorey Jonsdottir.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_11.txt,groundtruth,40_11.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.png,C,"The ‘sunset years’ come with sex differences in cardiometabolic health
Using a large cohort of people that spans three generations, Zhernakova et al. find that sex differences in risk factors and biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases change dynamically with age.
See Zhernakova et al. and News & Views by Miller and Heather
Image: Jingyuan Fu, University Medical Center Groningen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Sleep and atherosclerosis
Kiss et al. review preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how sleep influences the nervous, metabolic and immune systems, with inadequate sleep affecting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
See Kiss et al.
Image: Siesta, Henri Manguin – Heritage Image Partnership / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.txt,vith,3_2.txt,"Endotheliitis and cardiac dysfunction in long COVID
Thomas et al. use thrombotic vascular tissues and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids to show that COVID-19-induced vascular endotheliitis and cytokine release disrupt endothelial–cardiomyocyte crosstalk and contribute to cardiac dysfunction in long COVID.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Christina Wu, freelance illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.txt,groundtruth,3_3.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_5.png,C,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"Detection mechanism diagram of Na3GaF6:Ho3+,Yb3+@SiO2 based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer principle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.png,A,"Inspired by the layered microstructure of nacre (mother of pearl), the study shows that graphene–polyethylene nanocomposites confer excellent shock dissipation and spall strength, especially when there is grafting between the filler (graphene) and the matrix (polyethylene), ushering exploration of biomimetic nanocomposites for protection under extreme conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_1,2023_4.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.png,C,"The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details.
Designed by Yipin Wu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_8.txt,ave_3,31_8.txt,"The cover image illustrates the aluminum (Al) ion receptor ALR1 (Beacon Tower)that senses toxic aluminum ions, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS; smoke) generation and accumulation of STOP1 (commander),thereby activating organic acid anion (arrow) secretion to detoxify Al. See page 281–294 by Zhong Jie Ding et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.txt,ave_2,34_9.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.txt,clip,35_1.txt,val
ACS Macro Letters,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_11.png,C,Numerical simulations of block copolymer membrane formation via self-assembly and nonsolvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) reveal a striking dependence of membrane morphology on the solvent and nonsolvent block selectivities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_12.txt,vith,2023_12.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,Snapshot of a crystallized polyethylene chain. Force-transmitting chains are colored with red based on the principal stress. Blue chains in the amorphous region have a small principal stress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,This study reports the self-excited fluorescence of a microscale-damaged microchannel inside a nanocomposite under the influence of an electric field. The imaging results present the spatial development morphology of electrical trees inside the polymer. This work aids in the precision imaging-guided structural design of nano dielectrics and has practical application potential in extreme environments.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_2.png,D,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,ᴅ-[5-11C]-glutamine was investigated and shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for the targeted detection and treatment monitoring of biofilm-associated infections. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Physics,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_2.png,B,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics of freezing and melting. See Sun & Calzavarini.
Image: Galaxiid/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,vitg,6_11.txt,"The cover of this issue depicts clouds, the physics of which depends on the physics of ice nucleation. See Knopf et al.
Image: Andrew Holt/The Image Bank. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_9.txt,vith,5_9.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_7.png,D,"On the cover: Since its identification in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has circulated
the globe and continues to adapt to its human host. In response, our immune system
presents an arsenal of defense strategies, which can be bolstered by vaccine (re-)enforcements.
In this Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe, we present a series of articles that highlight this host-virus interplay, depicted
on the cover as an abstract portrayal of how the host (magenta) and virus (blue) continuously
interact. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is reviewed by Lowery et al. (1052–1062),
while the adaptive responses are addressed by Röltgen and Boyd (1063–1075) and Grifoni
et al. (1076–1092), with Tauzin et al. (1137–1150) and Motozono et al. (1124–1136)
reporting how a single vaccine dose and key residue changes in emerging variants impact
adaptive immunity, respectively. Wang and colleagues (1043–1047) discuss how overactive
immune responses can have lasting consequences, and Bogunovic and Merad (1040–1042)
comment on SARS-CoV-2 in children; Montefiori and Acharya (1162) provide a SnapShot
of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of therapeutic interest, and Case et al. (1151–1161) report
on the therapeutic efficacy of miniproteins. Decades of work in HIV have been critical
for our rapid response to SARS-CoV-2, as discussed by Fischer et al. (1093–1110),
who compare these two pandemic viruses. Strategies that enabled the rapid development
and distribution of vaccines along with challenges ahead are reviewed by Subbarao
(1111–1123), while Schaeffer et al. (1048–1051) discuss the prospect of herd immunity
and Bhadelia (1036–1039) highlights the need to curb global inequalities in vaccine
distribution. Cover illustration by Julie Ho Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_6.txt,clip,29_6.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts the direct communication between Enterococcus bacteria (purple) and intestine stem cells (ISCs) (blue) in inflammatory bowel disease.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Li et al. demonstrate that a metabolite derived from Enterococcus bacteria hijacks an adrenergic receptor in ISCs, directly suppressing ISC proliferation
and epithelial regeneration, thereby exacerbating colitis. This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe also presents a microbial survival guide. Microbes face harsh environments that they
must adapt to in order to survive, grow/proliferate, and spread. This collection (or
guide) consists of a series of review and primary research articles that cover an
array of stresses faced by microbes and their mechanisms to adapt and survive in adverse
conditions, including reviews discussing colonization resistance (Woelfel et al.),
antibiotic resistance (Abbas et al.), microbial persistence (Conlon et al.), and phage
resistance (Aranguren et al.). Reviews covering inter-bacterial warfare (Kennedy and
Comstock), nutrient acquisition (Muramatsu and Winter), and bacterial-drug interactions
(Cuesta-Zuluaga et al.) are also presented. Within this guide, primary research articles
expand our understanding on the arsenal employed by different microbes under inhospitable
conditions, including antibiotic exposure in the urinary tract (Amoura et al.), pathogen
expansion by exploiting or limiting host response (Yoo et al. and Szczesna et al.),
microbial enzymatic metabolism during endobiotic homeostasis (Simpson et al.), and
the phage-bacteria relationship (Benz et al.). Cover design by artist Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_10.png,C,"COVER: Types of structural variation, inspired by the Perspective on p533.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_4.txt,vith,22_4.txt,"Terraforming a new organ site, inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_1.txt,clip,24_1.txt,"Mapping landscapes, inspired by the Review on p171
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_10.txt,groundtruth,24_10.txt,"'River delta' by Lara Crow, inspired by the Review on p468, which discusses intestinal stem cell dynamics and plasticity and links to colorectal cancer biology.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/14_6.txt,vitg,14_6.txt,train
Nature Plants,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/11_1.png,C,"Genetic colour code
Most oranges and other cultivated citrus fruits tend to have light yellow or green flesh. But different abilities to synthesise anthocyanin produce different colours, controlled by the Ruby2–Ruby1 gene cluster.
See Huang, D. et al.
Image: X. Jiang & Q. Xu. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_2.txt,ave_3,4_2.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Expanding the diversity of sweet potato
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a hexaploid crop with an annual production in excess of 80 million tonnes. Detailed sequencing and phenotyping of 294 accessions showed that variations in their principal agronomic traits (expanded tuberous roots and orange colour) result from increased dosage of two genes: the expansin gene IbEXPA4 and the Orange gene.
See Zhang, X. et al.
Image: Zhangjun Fei, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,"Fast-forward food
Rapid development of crop varieties is hampered by the slow breeding times of crop plants. Manipulating the light regime within controlled environment rooms can at least halve generation times of a range of crops and their wild relatives.
See Watson et al.
Image: H. Hardy. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_12.txt,vitg,4_12.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_9.png,A,"The ancient oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) signaling system has garnered
significant attention for its broad implications to health and disease. Particularly
within the central nervous system, its role in modulating social behavior presents
a
compelling avenue for exploration. On pages 361–377 in this issue, Perisic et al. offer a
comprehensive review of OT-VP signaling system encompassing recent advancements
and enduring obstacles. Their analysis sheds a light on the evolving landscape of
this
protein family, offering valuable insights into future directions for research. Cover
image
by Monika Perisic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_9.txt,groundtruth,49_9.txt,"On The Cover: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to visualize fluctuations of biological
macromolecules at high resolution, though are often only represented as static figures
in published literature. On pages 902–913 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Peter Hildebrand, Alexander Rose, and Johanna Tiemann highlight how advances
in browser technology may enable scientists to interactively share and visualize simulations
on the web. Cover image source: iStock/AlisaRut.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_2.txt,vith,44_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,clip,47_14.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_49,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_49.png,A,"An asymmetric olefin–sulfonylimine coupling via paired electrocatalysis is presented. In this protocol, Co-catalyzed hydrogen-atom transfer on the anode and Ni-catalyzed sulfonylimine reduction on the cathode were seamlessly cross-coupled, enabling the formation of chiral amine products with high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_49.txt,groundtruth,2024_49.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,p,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_40.txt,vitg,2012_40.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_7.png,A,"Outcomes of personalized phage therapy
This image shows a bacteriophage on its bacterial host injecting its genome inside the cell where it will reproduce. New bacteriophages burst through the cell wall to find new hosts to infect. In nature, bacteriophages control bacterial populations. Today, they hold potential as a tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. A retrospective, observational study reports the efficacy of personalized phage therapy, especially when combined with antibiotics.
See Pirnay et al.
Image: TUMEGGY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_7.txt,groundtruth,9_7.txt,"Disabling CRISPR immunity
The cover shows electron micrographs of phage ΦAP1.1. This phage utilizes a two-pronged approach to disable CRISPR immunity in Streptococcus pyogenes: first, by producing a protein inhibitor of Cas9 during the lytic portion of its life cycle, and second, by using a site-specific integrase to insert the prophage into the CRISPR array during lysogeny
See Varble et al
Image: Hilda Amalia Pasolli, The Rockefeller University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/6_1.txt,vith,6_1.txt,"DISARMing the invaders
A new anti-phage defence system, DISARM (Defence Island System Associated with Restriction-Modification), is widespread in bacteria and archaea and protects against infection from all three major families of tailed double-stranded DNA phages.
See Ofir et al.  3 , 90-98 (2017)
Image: Gal Ofir. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_416,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_416.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how antipsychotics stimulate the synthesis of a distinct set of proteins to increase neuronal complexity. The image shows the dendrites of a neuron exposed to haloperidol. [Image: Heather Bowling, New York University School of Medicine]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_308.txt,vith,7_308.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective about signals that specify axons and dendrites. The image shows that active Rit (a GTPase) is more abundant in the axon, where it contributes to the growth of this neuronal process. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_416.txt,groundtruth,2007_416.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on neurotrophic factors as a possible approach to the therapy of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The image depicts a brain. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_411.txt,clip,2007_411.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article showing that inhibition of NMDA receptor function in the insular cortex may prevent the development of neuropathic pain, which can manifest as painful sensations in response to stimuli that are not normally painful. The image shows an artist's depiction of the insular cortex. [Image: Chris Bickel/AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_275.txt,vitg,6_275.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_2.png,B,"Piecing together the puzzle of breast cancer
Multi-omics analyses of breast tumor samples from Chinese patients add more pieces to the puzzle of breast cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Qin-Xin Wang. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_9.txt,ave_2,5_9.txt,"Charting tumor evolution with the Human Tumor Atlas Network
The Human Tumor Atlas Network explores tumor evolution in time and space by compiling integrative atlases of cellular, molecular and histological tumor features.
See Iglesia et al. , Zhu et al. and Esplin et al.
Image: Lilawa.com / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vitg,6_1.txt,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,val
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_8.png,C,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,train
Matter,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_12.png,A,"On the cover: Wearable kinesthetic technology is pivotal for the emerging human-metaverse
interface. The cover depicts a fully embedded textile tactile sensor array that provides
accurate and real-time haptic feedback. With assistance from machine learning, it
can discern roughness and identify shapes, offering vast potential as a metaverse
platform for communication, entertainment, and healthcare. See the related research
article by Jun Chen and colleagues to learn more.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,"On the Cover: In this issue of Matter, Gao and colleagues (1981–1998) present a mass-producible graphene-based telemedicine
platform, SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex, that can simultaneously and rapidly monitor virus
antigen, virus antibodies, and inflammatory biomarkers in both saliva and blood. The
SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex could provide information on three key aspects of COVID-19 disease—viral
infection, immune response, and disease severity—and may allow for high-frequency
at-home COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"On the Cover: Schematic representation of a trojan-horse-like adipocyte-based drug
delivery depot for sustained release of a bioresponsive doxorubicin prodrug and an
anticancer fatty acid that promotes anticancer efficacy, described by Wen et al. (1203–1214)
in this issue of Matter. This research leveraged tumor lipid metabolism for drug discovery and delivery.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_8.png,A,Yeast engineered to produce bromoform could be used to lessen the,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,vitg,2018_12.txt,"This cover describes an engineered metabolic  negative feedback circuit that regulates fatty acid production in response to  the cellular concentration of a key intermediate, malonyl-CoA, in Escherichia coli. Artwork by Yu Xia and  Di Liu based on DOI: 10.1021/sb400158w.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_11.txt,clip,2015_11.txt,We combine the construction of synthetic genetic circuits and chimeric MerR regulators to generate functional metal-sensitive biosensor modules in Bacillus subtilis. We improve the specificity of these sensors by developing a,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2023_10.txt,ave_0,2023_10.txt,train
Biophysical Reports,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_4.png,D,"On the cover: Super-resolved image of the microtubules in HEK293T cells for dSTORM imaging in
a fiber-based, square-shaped flat-field setup. Super-resolution microscopy allows
complex biological assemblies to be observed with remarkable resolution. However,
the presence of uneven Gaussian-shaped illumination hinders its use in quantitative
imaging or high-throughput assays. Methods developed to circumvent this problem are
often expensive, hard to implement, or not applicable to total internal reflection
fluorescence imaging. Lam et al. propose a cost-effective method to overcome these
challenges by using a small square-core multimodal optical fiber as the coupler. This
method was characterized with a range of samples and illumination modes to demonstrate
its ability to produce highly uniform images under all conditions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_4.txt,vith,2_4.txt,"On the cover: Single-photon arrivals are the rawest form of data available. One by one, these
arrivals update our knowledge as to the state and dynamics of a single-molecule system
labeled with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. This cartoon highlights
the essence of a three-part manuscript appearing in Biophysical Reports (single-photon, single-molecule (sm)FRET I-III) on a single-photon smFRET framework
leveraging Bayesian nonparametrics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_4.txt,vitg,3_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user
interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule
spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_2.txt,clip,4_2.txt,"On the cover: SpinFlux uses a spinning disk with pinholes in its illumination and
emission paths to sequentially illuminate regions in the sample during each measurement.
The resulting intensity-modulated emission signal is analyzed for each individual
pattern to localize emitters with up to 3.5-fold improved precision. The precision
improvement of SpinFlux is derived from retrieving the position of an emitter relative
to individual illumination patterns, which adds to existing point spread function
information from single-molecule localization microscopy. Kalisvaart et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100143",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.png,A,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,ave_3,2023_3.txt,ctivity-in,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_9.txt,vitg,2024_9.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_50,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_50.png,D,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,"This cover image demonstrates the critical role of the solvent in the ion motion of intrinsically anionic metal–organic framework (MOF)-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs). Using hybrid theoretical and experimental approaches, we have identified solvent-assisted hopping as the dominant pathway for Li+ conduction in such materials, exemplified by MOF-688.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_22.txt,vith,2022_22.txt,"This cover shows electrochemical gating of the molecular conductance of a redox-active osmium-containing molecular bridge, which is attached to the gold surface by direct gold—carbon bonding. Electrochemically gated electron transfer in an STM nanogap configuration is achieved for this metal—carbon contacted molecule. See Calvo and co-workers, p 2494.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_44.txt,clip,2010_44.txt,"An environmentally benign and economic method was established to synthesize the NiOOH active phase. Mechanistic insights led to milestone activities, yielding directional electrochemical conversion of the lignin-derived cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and of cyclohexanone to adipic acid by accurately controlling the Ni3+",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_50.txt,groundtruth,2024_50.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_11.png,B,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,vith,2020_39.txt,"A ligand-receptor-anchored nanopore is designed that mimics natural structural adaptability and favorable orientation of the ligand. It facilitates real-time mapping of multivalent binding pathways and kinetics in native states at the single monomeric subunit level, providing a new tool for high-throughput screening of antibodies or drugs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,val
NATURE GENETICS,56_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_1.png,B,"This issue features epigenetic analysis of cell commitment at many levels in mammalian genomes: during early embryonic development, in stem cells, and in cancer cells. These studies provide fundamental insight into the functional consequences of genome variation. On the cover: Red-tailed black cockatoo feathers (tonysartandnature.com).
See Editorial.
Image: Tony Cunningham. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/50_12.txt,ave_1,50_12.txt,"An Asian Immune Diversity Atlas
Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood of 474 individuals of diverse Asian ancestries links cell-type-specific splicing variation with autoimmune and inflammatory disease risk.
See Tian et al.
Image: Lucie Kim, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_1.txt,groundtruth,56_1.txt,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,clip,55_7.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,test
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_8.png,B,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"On the cover: Li et al. explore a soft and watery artificial muscle inspired by jellyfish, enhancing the
design of versatile and untethered underwater robots. The image features three applications:
a jellyfish-type robot at the center, a flapping robot at the bottom left, and a soft
robotic gripper at the top left. These examples underscore the muscle's potential
to enable complex and biomimetic movements in underwater robotics. The cover was made
by Xinge Li, Dingnan Rao, and Xuxu Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_24.png,A,Artificial photosynthesis to produce solar fuels is a crucial field of research due to the global energy crisis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"The cover reports a nanoconstrained photocatalyst with encapsulating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets into the microporous carbon nanocage. The photocatalyst demonstrates a greatly enhanced water accumulation in the nanoconfined cavity, synergistically increasing chemical water molecule adsorption, leading to the high apparent quantum efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_3.txt,vith,2021_3.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_11.png,D,"Potent and safer editing via nanoparticle-delivered ribonucleoprotein
This issue highlights advances in genome editing, including the enhancement of the efficiency and precision of base editing and prime editing, the optimization of the delivery of genome editors and the reduction of off-target effects.
The cover illustrates lipid nanoparticles optimized for enhancing the stability, delivery efficiency and editing potency of ribonucleoproteins for base editing and prime editing.
See Hołubowicz et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Samuel W. Du, University of California, Irvine and Yekaterina Kadyzhevskaya, University of Southern California. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/9_1.txt,vitg,9_1.txt,"Tissue-engineered heart ventricles
This issue highlights low-noise polymer-coated glucose sensors, endovascular stents for focal stimulation of the motor cortex, implantable pre-metastatic niches, tissue-engineered models of the human ventricle, self-repairing engineered skeletal muscle incorporating macrophages, and the modelling of mutation-related cardiomyopathies with engineered cardiac microtissues.
The cover illustrates a scale model of the human left ventricle made of nanofibrous scaffolds and human stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, for the study of contractile function and the modelling of arrhythmia induced by structural defects.
See MacQueen et al.
Image: Michael Rosnach. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"Nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR tools
This issue highlights the delivery of CRISPR components via nanoparticles, and advances in the precision of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, the modulation of global patterns in gene expression, the imaging of calcification in aortic valves, and the understanding of glial responses to implanted electrodes.
The cover illustrates the delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and donor DNA by gold nanoparticles, for the correction of a gene mutation (Article)
Image by Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Stable transposon-driven integration of transgenes into immune cells
This issue highlights optimized base editors targeting the exon-7 mutation in SMN2 to restore the expression of the survival motor neuron protein to normal levels, the virus-mediated delivery of a transposon and an mRNA-encoded transposase for the integration of transgenes into immune cells, the enhanced viability of genome-engineered T cells transfected by electroporation via an isotonic buffer that dampens cytosolic cGAS–DNA interactions, the annotation of variants of the BRCA2 gene in human pluripotent stem cells, that host genes involved in viral processes can constrain the lentiviral delivery and expression of Cas13, and that replacing amino acid residues in an immunodominant and conserved T cell epitope in the capsid of an adeno-associated virus can abrogate its immunogenicity while preserving its function and potency.
The cover illustrates a gene-delivery system that enhances the stability of the integration of a desired transgene in immune cells by relying on a Sleeping Beauty transposase encoded into an mRNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus.
See Ye et al.
Image: Lupeng Ye and Sidi Chen. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_7.png,A,"Gasoline from plastic waste
Strategies for upcycling waste plastics are urgently required. Now, Han and co-workers have developed a strategy to convert polyethylene into gasoline over a layered self-pillared zeolite without the need for external molecular hydrogen or noble metal catalysts. The reaction proceeds through a self-supplied hydrogen mechanism enabled by the open framework aluminium sites. The cover shows an artistic representation of polyethylene diffusing through zeolite pores and being converted into gasoline.
See Cen et al.
Image: Ziyu Cen and Longfei Lin, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_7.txt,groundtruth,16_7.txt,"The magnetic properties of single-molecule magnets generally originate from a superexchange mechanism in which the spin states of two neighbouring metal ions couple to one another. Now, Long and co-workers have shown that a mixed-valence divanadium cluster with a bridging imidazolate ligand - shown on the cover of this issue - possesses a high-spin ground state that arises from a double-exchange mechanism based on electron delocalization. The versatility of imidazolate ligands in generating coordination complexes suggests that this could be a promising approach for producing a range of magnetic molecular materials. Cover image courtesy of Jeffrey D. rinehart.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p362
News & Views p351",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_8.txt,clip,2_8.txt,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"The success of natural products and their derivatives as drugs has encouraged researchers to seek further inspiration from nature in the discovery of novel bioactive small molecules. Two Articles in this issue describe attempts to mimic aspects of natural-product biosynthesis in the preparation of diverse molecules for screening. The cover is an illustrative metaphor for the connection between nature and drug discovery. The honeycomb, prevalent in nature, represents a vast array of reactions, with the highlighted cells representing those reactions that yield products with specific biological activity.Editorial p841; Interviews p845, 846; News &#38; Views p851; Articles p872, 877 IMAGE: ANDREY KUZMIN/ALAMYCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/6_3.txt,ave_0,6_3.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_24.png,B,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,This picture represents a hybridized membrane featuring lotus leaf mimetic hierarchies composed of wrinkled reduced graphene oxide microspheres and polytetrafluoroethylene nanorods for high-efficiency desalination via vacuum membrane distillation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: S. Guo et al., “Oxidation Processes and Involved Chemical Reactions of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Supercritical Water” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01394); J.-J. Zhao et al., “Smart Hydrogel Grating Immunosensors for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Human-IgG” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00780); W. Fang et al., “Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67-Derived CeO2@Co3O4 Core−Shell Microspheres with Enhanced Catalytic Activity toward Toluene Oxidation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b07028); and X. Yin et al., “A Ce−Fe Oxygen Carrier with a Core−Shell Structure for Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00055).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_31.txt,vith,2020_31.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_5.png,B,"A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,"The misuse of antibiotics has already contributed to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. To address antibiotic-resistance issues and explore the combination rules, synergic strategies involving AMP-mimetic antimicrobial polymers, including various combinations with commercially available antimicrobials, organic small molecule photosensitizers, inorganic nanomaterials, and nitric oxide, have been proposed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,vith,2024_6.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_15.png,B,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"Di-block ring polymers in strongly segregated lamellar phase, where one di-block ring (light yellow-green) in original conformation is embedded inside the mesh of other di-block rings (dark yellow-green) in the primitive-path conformations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,ave_2,2010_12.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,ave_1,2018_16.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_6.png,B,https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.txt,vitg,2024_8.txt,"A California sea lion swimming in the surf at Pacifica, California. Domoic acid toxicosis is a major affliction for sea lions in California. Photo credit: Pádraig Duignan.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"2023 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Accelerating Research With New and Evolving Open Source Software (Hoopmann, M.R.; Schwämmle, V.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2023, 22(2), 285",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_11.txt,clip,2023_11.txt,"Profiling B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Cleavage Peptidoforms in Human Plasma by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. (Zhang, S.; Raedschelders, K.; Santos, M.; Van Eyk, J.E., J. Proteome Res. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00482) Background image: SHUTTERSTOCK View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2017_2.txt,ave_1,2017_2.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_12.png,C,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,"A crescent-shaped heliosphere
3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the heliosphere is not elongated and comet-like, but rather has a smaller crescent-like shape. The model agrees with observations obtained by Cassini, New Horizons, and the two Voyager spacecraft.
See Opher et al..
Image credit: Merav Opher, Boston University Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,"Habitability across geological timescales
Habitability is usually defined for a specific time during a planet’s evolution. But how is that habitability sustained over billions of years? Comparing habitable conditions across different Solar System bodies is key to our understanding of the underlying processes driving long-term habitability.
See Cockell et al.
Image: James Tuttle Keane, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"A window to the Martian past
Phyllosilicates (clays) on Mars, such as the light—toned outcrops at Mawrth Vallis shown on the cover, could form during warm and wet intermittent periods in a generally cold early Mars. This model solves the contradiction on the state of ancient Mars between mineralogical and geomorphological observations and the most accepted climate theories.
See Bishop et al. and News & Views by Bridges
Image: Christoph Gross, Freie Universität Berlin. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_10.txt,vitg,2_10.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_3.png,B,–56. DOI:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"A dual-comb laser measures the depth-dependent dynamics within a multi-layered turbid medium, thereby offering the potential to measure the blood flow in different layers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"authored by friends and colleagues of Mark. Cover image originally appeared in volume 3, issue 7 (April 5, 2012) of J. Phys. Chem. Lett. The figure is composed of work published in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_10.txt,vith,2021_10.txt,"The modeling of polaritonic chemical systems relies on a manifold of methods, which typically target the realistic description of one subcomponent of the system. Generalizing such methods to achieve a complete description poses the huge theoretical challenge discussed in this perspective. Such a challenge is met by multiscale approaches.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_9.txt,ave_1,2022_9.txt,val
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_8.png,B,"This cover art presents that asymmetrically coupled carbon-based functional layers and elastic polymers can achieve functional integration and synergy for frontier applications in flexible sensors, soft actuators and their integrated devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_9.txt,ave_1,2023_9.txt,Self-powered medical implants serve as a promising,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"High-quality semiconductor fibers were developed by a thermal drawing technique with selected pairs of semiconductor materials and synthetic materials, including silicon and germanium, glassy semiconductors, and two-dimensional semiconductors. The semiconductor fibers may find multiple applications in the field of wearable electronics, such as on-cloth sensors and wearable energy harvesting and storage devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.txt,ave_2,2024_2.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_10.png,D,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,vitg,31_1.txt,"Studies of pancreatic islets in vitro lack a physiological environment, including vascularization and innervation. In this issue, Stephan Speier et al. have solved this problem by transplanting islets into the eye, which allows for in vivo noninvasive imaging under more natural conditions. The cover, courtesy of Per-Olof Berggren, shows an islet (red) engrafted on the vascular bed (green) of the iris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/14_8.txt,vith,14_8.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,clip,10_12.txt,"Pancreatic cancer biomarkers
In this issue, Shi, Jin, Yin, Fang, Chen, Shen and colleagues use proteomic data to identify biomarkers of the response to adjuvant chemotherapy and develop a prognostic risk model for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The cover depicts a pancreas compass with the needles symbolizing biomarkers, illustrating the potential for optimizing treatment management for patients with pancreatic cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Baiyong Shen, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_10.txt,groundtruth,30_10.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.png,D,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,clip,31_5.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_2,23_12.txt,"On the cover: For Cell Chemical Biology’s 30th anniversary year, we kick off our celebrations with a special issue on RNA
modulation alongside an Editorial, a Q&A from founding editors, and other opinion
pieces from RNA biologists presenting opportunities for targeting RNA. The cover illustrates
the adaptability of RNA molecules, which allow natural and synthetic modulation for
expanded functions. This reflects the topics of the Reviews and Articles within the
special issue describing advances in our understanding of the structural diversity,
function, and regulation of RNA and harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic strategies
against viral infections or cancer. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.txt,ave_3,31_15.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,groundtruth,31_4.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_5.png,C,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers,
published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration
with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied
research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,"On the cover: Tsikriteas et al. present the development and comparison of various lead-free piezoelectric inks for
wearable technology. The printed systems exhibit excellent printability and strong
adhesion. The cover image highlights the integration of these systems into practical
real-world applications, showcasing their enhanced piezoelectric performance and advancements
towards more sustainable solutions in wearable tech. The cover design was created
by Ehsan Faridi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.png,A,"Cardiovascular risk stratification for spaceflight, inspired by the Review on p667.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"Noise pollution and cardiovascular risk, inspired by the Review on p619.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_4.txt,vith,18_4.txt,"Climate change and CVD, inspired by the Review on p798.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_1.txt,clip,19_1.txt,"Hypoxia and oxygen therapy, inspired by the Review on p723.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_11.png,A,"Risk factors for lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked, inspired by the Review on p121.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,"Single-cell analysis of tumour immunology, inspired by the Perspective on p244.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_9.txt,vitg,18_9.txt,"Delivering targeted therapies to brain metastases in patients with NSCLC, inspired by the Review on p716.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_3.txt,clip,20_3.txt,train
Immunity,57_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_4.png,B,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: Stroke leads to persistently high risk for recurrent vascular events
caused by systemic atheroprogression driven by endothelial cell activation. In this
issue, Liu et al. report that stroke causes persistent activation of endothelial Notch1 signaling in
the periphery. Brain-derived exosomal Notch1 ligands induce a senescent, pro-inflammatory
endothelium that drives post-stroke atheroprogression. Brain-derived exosomal Notch1
ligands are illustrated in the form of falling rocks from the top of a mountain (brain)
and atheroprogression, and the associated blood traffic congestion is depicted as
vehicles accumulating behind the block in the road. Cover image by Mingming Liu and
Qiang Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_4.txt,groundtruth,57_4.txt,"On the cover: The protagonist of the special feature in this issue of Immunity is the regulatory T cell (played by the policeman on the cover). Regulatory T (Treg)
cells have been under intense scrutiny because of their potent ability to suppress
(depicted by the action of the policeman and the red stop symbol) the activity of
other cells and hence regulate immune responses such as those that could promote autoimmunity.
Recent advances and outstanding issues include an understanding of the molecular regulation
of Foxp3, which is the key transcription factor for the Treg cell lineage (Josefowicz
and Rudensky, pages 616–625), the developmental and functional differences between
thymic-derived and periphery-induced Treg cells (Curotto de Lafaille and Lafaille,
pages 626–635), the mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo (Shevach, pages 636–645),
the plasticity of these cells and hence the stability of this lineage (Zhou et al.,
pages 646–655), and finally, their therapeutic potential in the clinic (Riley et al.,
page 656–665). Waldmann and Cobbold (pages 613–615) provide an overview by relating
these challenging subjects to transplantation tolerance. Artwork by Paul Gilligan.
Printed with permission from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/30_2.txt,ave_0,30_2.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_12.png,B,"Cell biological research is becoming increasingly three dimensional, taking into account
spatial dynamics when studying biological questions. In this special issue of Trends
in Cell Biology, researchers from across various fields discuss how the inner architecture
of the cell, and the external environment that surrounds it, impacts upon cell function.
The cover image, Z-stack projections of a mouse mammary organoid grown in Matrigel
3D cultures, provides a striking example of how considering three-dimensional structure
can offer insight into behaviour. Cover image courtesy of Ian Macara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_1.txt,vitg,21_1.txt,"Microtubules organize various cellular processes through their dynamic
ends, as well as their stable shafts. Plenty of microtubule-binding proteins involved
in
these processes were recently shown to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)
and form liquid- or gel-like condensates (shown here as gooey material wrapping the
microtubules). However, it is unclear whether LLPS is necessary for the functions
of the
proteins involved, or is it a by-product related to protein concentration. On pages
18–30
in this issue, Vladimir Volkov and Anna Akhmanova discuss the evidence in favor and
against the occurrence of LLPS and its functional significance for microtubule-based
processes in cells. Cover design by Nemo Andrea (distributed under CC-BY-4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_12.txt,groundtruth,34_12.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,ave_1,26_8.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,test
Cell Stem Cell,31_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_6.png,B,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shen et al. establish feasible methodologies that significantly improve the production and function
of human pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophages (hPSC-CAR-Ms) for cancer immunotherapy.
In the image, the macrophage (in yellow) represents a repolarized activated hPSC-CAR-M.
The hPSC-CAR-M waves a knife, fork, and spoon to kill and eat tumor cells (in red).
Moreover, the hPSC-CAR-M has recruited T cells (in blue) to synergistically destroy
the tumor cells. Cover art by Jun Shen and Wenxi Ye.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_6.txt,groundtruth,31_6.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,ave_0,28_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,test
NATURE ENERGY,9_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_5.png,D,"The power to respond
Energy is used in the delivery of many functions of humanitarian aid, from shelter, lighting and transport, to clean water, sanitation, and medical assistance. This Focus issue explores how thinking around energy is changing as the need for sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps intensifies and as humanitarian crises become more protracted.
Image: Practical Action/David Nkurunziza. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Unequal electricity regulation protection in Australia
Those living further from urban areas are at higher risk for procedural neglect of energy needs. White et al. find that remote communities and those with a majority Indigenous population are more likely to be underserved by electricity retail legal protections in Australia.
See White et al.
Image: Simonology / 500px / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_12.txt,ave_3,9_12.txt,"Disrupting gender norms
A just and equitable energy transition requires addressing historically embedded gender norms. Michael and Ahlborg shed light on the Solar Mamas programme in Zanzibar as an example for how locally led, contextually grounded energy interventions prioritizing care work and women’s knowledge may contribute to disrupting established norms.
See Michael and Ahlborg and Research Briefing
Image: Olga Timokhina, La Fabrika Films. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_5.txt,groundtruth,9_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_8.png,D,"‘Blooming lncRNAs’, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p430.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_7.txt,vitg,24_7.txt,"The perturbation of cholesterol balance can lead to cardiovascular disease, as well as neurodegeneration and cancer. To learn more on cholesterol metabolism and the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis, see Song and colleagues.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/21_9.txt,clip,21_9.txt,"‘Resilient plants’, theme for this Focus issue
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_3.txt,ave_1,23_3.txt,"‘Growing plant walls’, inspired by the Review on p340
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_3.png,D,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,clip,16_1.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a side population derived from glioma stem-like cells.
Stem cells can be isolated as the “side population” (SP) by flow cytometry based on
ABC transporter-mediated efflux of Hoechst dye. In this issue, Bleau et al. (p. 226)
identify an SP fraction in glioma stem-like cells that results from ABCG2 activity.
The sorted SP cells are endowed with sphere-forming ability and are chemoresistant
and highly tumorigenic. PTEN deletion in these cells increases the SP phenotype and
facilitates stem-like properties upon treatment with temozolomide, the standard of
care for glioblastoma patients.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/4_4.txt,vith,4_4.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Pang et al. report a method for generating human medullary spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV)-specific
organoids. They further develop an organoid system that mimics the trigeminothalamic
projections between the SpV and the thalamus, a pivotal connection within sensory
circuits. The image depicts an information center that welcomes visitors embarking
on their journey to the hot air balloon scenic spot, symbolizing the essential role
of SpV as the information hub that transmits peripheral sensory information to the
thalamus and, subsequently, to higher brain structures where sensory processing occurs.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,val
ACS Omega,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_5.png,B,Cover image by Siva Kumar Krishnan and Yuri Chipatecua Godoy. This image depicts a schematic representation of three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide-Au nanostar hybrid nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2020_49.txt,clip,2020_49.txt,"Low-dimensional TMDC-based flexible, electrochemical biosensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Cover image by Ju Chen, Wenwen Cui, Jingming Shi, Meiling Xu, Jian Hao, Artur P. Durajski and Yinwei Li",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2019_12.txt,ave_1,2019_12.txt,The cover art represents the accurate delivery of penicillin-based sulfones into the periplasmic space via bacterial iron uptake pathways. The applied siderophore conjugation strategy allowed for the efficient inhibition of relevant,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_29.txt,vitg,2024_29.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_5.png,D,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are known for their copious production of type I interferons. Soumelis and colleagues show that functionally and transcriptomically distinct human pDC populations can be generated from a single microbial or cytokine stimulus. Article
Image: Solana Alculumbre Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"Classifying NK cells
Single-cell technologies have provided a complex understanding of natural killer (NK) cells that has led to variations in nomenclature and inconsistencies across the scientific literature. Here, Vivier and colleagues used these technologies to dissect the heterogeneity of NK cells, identifying three prominent NK cell subsets in healthy human blood.
See Rebuffet et al.
Image: Eric Vivier, INSERM. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,val
Cell Reports Methods,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_4.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Hall et al. introduce the MAP (migration analysis of peripheral immune cells) chip, a microfluidic
platform for live, single-cell profiling of immune cell migration in response to a
variety of stimuli. The cover image depicts tracking of human monocytes (multicolored)
navigating through the chemotactic maze microchannels in the MAP chip and is courtesy
of Alice Tsai and Mehdi Jorfi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team,
that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and
varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer
this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_4.png,D,"The cover implies that when the translation of the proteins en route to the ER (symbolized by the high speed train going through a tunnel) is stopped by a poly-A stalling sequence, this scenario will trigger ribosome UFMylation in the cell to lauch a translocation-associated protein quality control. See page 5-20 by Lihui Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_12.txt,vitg,30_12.txt,"The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details.
Designed by Yipin Wu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_8.txt,clip,31_8.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,ave_1,29_9.txt,"The image depicts the Chinese legend ""The Magic Brush"" (""Shen Bi Ma Liang""). The towering mountain symbolizes the rugged protein fitness landscape, with reaching the summit representing the challenging tasks in protein engineering. Our proposed method, ProMEP, serves as the magic brush, sketching out a rapid path to the peak for biologists. The brush’s handle, adorned with dots, lines, and jewels, signifies the power of artificial intelligence technology driving this journey. See page 630–647 by Peng Cheng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_4.txt,groundtruth,34_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.png,B,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"AI and epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p319.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,ave_1,20_10.txt,"The human connectome in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p545.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_4.txt,clip,17_4.txt,test
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/6_1.png,A,"Understanding of the Sumatran subduction zone and its hazards has increased since the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. This Review commemorates the 20th anniversary of this event by outlining these insights and how they can inform future strategies to improve tsunami preparedness.
Jon Bower / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"Detection, monitoring, and prediction are essential to managing landslide risk. This Technical Review examines the use of remote sensing technology in tracking landslides and mitigating disaster.
Image credit: Pulsar Imagens/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_12.txt,ave_3,4_12.txt,"The scale and tragedy of the giant tsunamis in 2004, 2010 and 2011 led to a revolution in tsunami monitoring. This Review assesses the advances in tsunami observation, monitoring and hazard assessment, which have allowed near-real-time early warning systems to be developed. See Mori et al.
Image: Jan Hakan Dahlstrom/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_4.txt,clip,3_4.txt,"The processes leading to large earthquakes remain enigmatic. Using detailed seismic and geodetic data, this Review examines how tectonic deformation and evolving fault behaviour initiate large earthquakes, and proposes an integrated model accounting for the diversity of observations. See Kato and Ben-Zion.
Image: Marco Equizi / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_11.png,C,"Lasing from bulk nanocrystals
The image depicts surface-emitting lasers consisting of a bulk nanocrystal layer covered by a 2D photonic crystal grating.
See Geiregat
Image: Ivo Tanghe, Ghent University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_1.txt,clip,18_1.txt,"Complete photonic bandgap in the visible
The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light.
See Yang et al.
Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt,vith,19_1.txt,"Electron correlations without a twist
The cover image presents resistance maps of rhombohedral pentalayer graphene as a function of magnetic field and charge density. These maps provide evidence for correlation-driven Chern insulator states in a natural graphitic material. No moiré reconstruction is required.
See Han et al.
Image: Tonghang Han, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_11.txt,groundtruth,19_11.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,vitg,19_3.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_4.png,C,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,clip,2015_2.txt,"The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt,vith,2016_8.txt,"Creation of a “superhero” Corynebacterium glutamicum strain through systems metabolic engineering techniques, resulting in the ability to produce L-valine with high titer and yield by utilizing glucose and ammonia as the primary carbon and nitrogen sources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,vitg,2018_12.txt,test
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_10.png,C,"C–N bonds are ubiquitous in societally important commodity and fine chemicals, but the thermochemical routes used to manufacture these compounds are a major contributor to global carbon emissions. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis could potentially drive the formation of these important products using renewable electricity and abundant starting materials, thus reducing the carbon footprint of their production. The cover image shows CO2 and NH3 reactants coupling on the surface of a copper nanoparticle catalyst to form amide products. See Li, Zhang, Kuruvinashetti and Kornienko
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Montreal. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_8.txt,ave_2,6_8.txt,"Chemical looping processes can be mediated by redox-active metal oxides. This cover image depicts a doped metal oxide surface at which conversions of substrates such as methane, water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can occur. See Gong et al
Image: Chuanye Xiong, Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,"The interface between an electrode and electrolyte is crucial for electrochemical devices. Charged and neutral species interact in this region, which can lead to compositional and structural changes of the electrode, in turn altering the interface itself. Further to this, an electrochemical system’s reaction efficiency and selectivity, and overall physical stability can degrade over time. Understanding how electrochemical interfaces behave before, during, and after operation is therefore critical. This Review discusses a range of complementary techniques to study this interface as shown on the cover where incident irradiation of different wavelengths interrogate a golden surface. See Pastor et al.
Image: Ernest Pastor & F. Pelayo García de Arquer. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al.
Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt,clip,7_11.txt,val
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.png,A,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"Chemically modified RNA molecules as potential therapeutics for various human diseases. Cover image designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2022_7.txt,vith,2022_7.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,clip,2018_2.txt,"Cannabis alleviates pain by potentiating glycine receptors at a lipid-facing binding site. The cover depicts one of the screened FDA-approved drugs producing even greater potentiation at the same site. (Wells, M. M.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 2958–2966) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2015_15.txt,vitg,2015_15.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.png,C,"This focus issue on the future of food highlights technological progress in engineered food, featuring genome-edited food, cultured (cell-based) meat, engineered microorganisms for food additive production, cellular agriculture for milk production, sustainable food packaging and robotics in food preparation, including a critical perspective of new food technologies in the context of costs, climate change, and the political and economic forces that shape agriculture and food production. See the future of food.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,vitg,2_6.txt,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,val
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_2.png,A,antibody has remained a challenge as the heat treatment required for [89Zr]Zr-DOTA coordination can potentially damage the antibody moiety. We circumvent this,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"PG-surfactants are a kind of lipopeptide having a gemini molecular structure, which consists of two alkyl-chain-modified cysteine residues, a short linker peptide between them, and periphery peptides at the N- and C-terminal sides. In this study, we successfully developed novel antimicrobial PG-surfactants that can exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum as well as low damage to red blood cells. This is the first example of synthesized lipopeptides that fulfills both the requirements above for therapeutic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_1.txt,vith,2018_1.txt,Cytochrome,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2014_1.txt,clip,2014_1.txt,Y5,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_2.txt,vitg,2023_2.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_3.png,B,This cover is part of ACS's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. Read more in the accompanying Editorial entitled “Ladies Are So Essential in Research (LASER).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_12.txt,clip,2023_12.txt,"Featured on this cover is a novel doping strategy, photoexcitation-assisted molecular doping (PE-MD), which is built upon the familiar mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. The application of PE-MD to the PDPP4T polymer significantly amplifies its doping level, facilitating efficient thermoelectric conversion for clean energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,vitg,2023_3.txt,"This experimental and theoretical study investigates design factors for the preparation of cadmium coordination polymers (CPs) containing fluorene and fluorenone cores as single-crystal optical waveguides. The CPs exhibit exceptional light propagation with one of the lowest optical losses for CPs and organic waveguides, providing insights for future design and optimization. The cover artwork was made by Daniele Mele. Some of the layers were generated by means of Google Gemini and Playground AI tools.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_1.txt,vith,2025_1.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_3.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments
caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which,
in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the
boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere
suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption.
Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_4.txt,vith,36_4.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,vitg,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,"On the cover: The conditionally essential amino acid serine is highly beneficial for
retinal and peripheral nerve health. Lim et al. find that circulating serine is the primary source of retinal serine levels, and
altering systemic serine influences visual function and retinal health. Here systemic
serine (glowing droplets) infuses retinal and peripheral nervous tissue to rescue
function as represented by the glowing flowers and root system. Illustration by Christina
Corbaci and Lars Hangartner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_3.txt,groundtruth,36_3.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.png,C,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,This cover image shows that a phosphino-phenolate nickel catalyst affords ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) from ethylene polymerization. The cobbles on the beach implies the capability of this precipitation polymerization strategy to afford polymer products with good morphology control.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_11.txt,ave_2,2024_11.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_10.png,C,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: As Cancer Cell celebrates 10 years of publishing groundbreaking cancer
research, we reflect on the dramatic progress that has been made. The previous decade
has witnessed leaps forward in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic
alterations in cancer cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the importance of the host in
tumor progression and therapy response. Experimental approaches such as RNA interference,
animal models, DNA sequencing, “omics,” and rational drug design have advanced tremendously
and greatly facilitated discovery. Several exciting new cancer therapeutics were approved
in the last decade. Encouraged by the achievements of the past decade, we look ahead
with excitement to the next 10 years of progress. Cover image by Scott Armstrong and
Eric D. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: Du et al. propose a staging model for EBV-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on a
large multicenter cohort in China, demonstrating its superiority over the currently
used AJCC staging system. The cover image features traditional Chinese embroidery
art. The embroidered Great Wall symbolizes the resolve to conquer NPC, while the nine
beacon towers, arranged from afar to close by, represent the continuous evolution
and improvement of each edition of the staging system, from the first to the ninth
edition of AJCC Stage. The presence of pines and cranes symbolizes the safeguarding
of health. Bathed in sunlight, the emblematic representation encapsulates the journey
toward precision medicine and radiates a message of optimism for the future of NPC
treatment. Image credit: Jun Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,"On the cover: The presentation of the CD44 variant (CD44v) licenses cancer cell (car)
to receive a supply of Cysteine (Cys) through the xCT cystine transporter (salesclerk).
CD44v stabilizes xCT at cell surface and thereby increases the intracellular amounts
of Cys for the synthesis of major antioxidant glutathione. Such CD44v-mediated antioxidative
action protects cancer cells from high levels of ROS in the tumor microenvironment.
See Ishimoto et al., 387–400. Artwork by Emi Kosano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,test
Cell Stem Cell,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_2.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, two independent studies—Ionescu, Nicaise, et al. and Clayton, Barbar, et al.—use patient-derived brain cells and cellular reprogramming to model multiple sclerosis
(MS). These studies uncover intrinsic disease mechanisms and evaluate potential drug
targets, offering new hope for precise therapies for progressive MS. The image shows
a scientist holding a petri dish with a neuron showing deteriorated myelin, symbolizing
MS, while stem cells float around, highlighting their critical role in potential therapies.
Cover art by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,clip,28_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,ave_1,8_1.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,14_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_8.png,C,"Intensified drought and heatwaves
Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns lead to heat waves and droughts occurring with greater frequency and intensity. This issue includes a collection of original research documenting how droughts and heatwaves, as well as their impacts on both natural and human systems, may change with anthropogenic warming.
See Editorial
Image: Ken Welsh / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_8.txt,clip,8_8.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,vitg,12_1.txt,"Focusing on human health
The human cost of climate change is already visible as adverse impacts on diverse aspects of human health. In this issue, and in an online focus, we include primary research, as well as interview, feature and opinion pieces, that highlight the effects of climate change on human morbidity and mortality, and urge for rapid action.
See Editorial and Online collection
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_8.txt,groundtruth,14_8.txt,"Considering the poor and vulnerable
Climate impact models have a limited ability to represent risks to the poor and vulnerable. Wider adoption of best practices and new model features that incorporate social heterogeneity and different policy mechanisms are needed to address this shortcoming.
See Nature Climate Change  7 , 857–862 (2017).
Image: Zacharie Rabehi/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_7.png,A,Schematic graphical representation of multiple drug substances interacting inside a phospholipid bilayer while permeating from a liposome.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,vitg,2023_9.txt,The cover art highlights the broad spectrum of research included in this Special Issue titled “Interdisciplinary Integration of Biomaterials for Drug and Gene Therapy.” Guest editors Mahavir Chougule and Nicole Brogden have curated an outstanding collection of articles in the field.  An accompanying,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_1.txt,ave_0,2022_1.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.png,A,"The integration of green hydrogen production and storage through electrocatalysis, enabling the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into methanol or formic acid, and N2 or NOx with H2O into ammonia, holds great promise for streamlining the hydrogen economy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,ave_1,2024_6.txt,Cover illustrates nanometer-thick collector films of lithium batteries relying on a closely packed crossed-lamellar structure for excellent damage resistance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/2_1.png,D,"Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"High-resolution satellite sensors and artificial intelligence enable detailed tree monitoring at national and continental levels. The illustration depicts the results of the image processing of the data collected through tree mapping. See Brandt et al.
Image: Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure. Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_8.png,D,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,vitg,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,ave_1,45_12.txt,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,clip,45_3.txt,"Cover Credit: Following MIR, MCMECs release GMCSF to recruit monocyte infiltration, which in turn releases CCL2 to induce CCR2+ immune cell infiltration. GMCSF transits CCR2+ macrophages to M1 phenotype, mediating and amplifying inflammation that exacerbates MIR injury, while CCL2 transits CCR2+ macrophages to M2 phenotype, mediating fibrotic remodeling after MIR.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_8.txt,groundtruth,45_8.txt,val
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.png,C,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"On the journal cover a degraded perovskite photovoltaic device is depicted in the back. The recent work of Bogachuk et al. demonstrates an effective end-of-life strategy to reuse part of the device and remanufacture such solar cells and modules via a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach, which strongly reduces their carbon footprint.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_1,2024_12.txt,val
ACS Materials Letters,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_2.png,D,The atomic-level structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for polysulfides conversion is rarely investigated in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries. This work proposes a novel exfoliation-evaporation strategy to fabricate Co SACs with different N coordination numbers and elaborately investigates the relationship between N coordination number and polysulfides redox kinetics. The image illustrates the excellent catalytic activities of Co SACs with a low coordination number for both oxidation and reduction processes of sulfur species.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_12.txt,vith,2022_12.txt,The screening of most suitable dual atom alloy catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to C1 and C2 products is accelerated implementing integrated density functional theory and machine learning methods.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,"This study introduces an efficient boric acid cross-linking strategy for enhancing the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of PVA-doped films. The rigidity of the polymer matrix is increased through covalent cross-linking, resulting in both high efficiency and long lifetime by suppressing non-radiative decay and reducing luminescence quenching under ambient conditions. This RTP system has been successfully applied in inkjet printing and binary anti-counterfeiting applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_2.txt,vitg,2025_2.txt,easy control over film crystallization,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_11.png,C,"The cover depicts structures of dynamic and native conformational exchanger (DANCER) proteins, which were computationally designed to switch between predicted conformational states. DANCERs are based on the global fold of streptococcal protein Gβ1 and contain an engineered Trp43 residue that spontaneously exchanges between sequestered and solvent-exposed states on the millisecond timescale. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image from Adam Damry. Article, p1280",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_1.txt,ave_1,13_1.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,"Peaks and valleys of GPCR signaling
The spatial organization of GPCRs is closely associated with their signaling responses and cellular function. Kockelkoren et al. reveal that the spatial organization is energetic coupling of receptors to the curvature of the plasma membrane. The image depicts the landscape of GPCR distribution at the plasma membrane of living cells.
See Kockelkoren et al.
Image credit: Gabriele Kockelkoren and Jens Carstensen, University of Copenhagen. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,val
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_17.png,B,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"The image illustrates the impact of incorporating a polymer composed of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and tannic acid, symbolized by tangled coils, into water, resulting in a viscous liquid. The polymer molecule serves as the background, while the image has a green hue to reflect the color of tannic acid.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_11.png,D,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,vith,2014_12.txt,"Reactions in gels help make a chemical process visual by slowing down the reaction rate, which allows students to observe a reaction process in detail. In the article ""Experimenting with a Visible Copper–Aluminum Displacement Reaction in Agar Gel and Observing Copper Crystal Growth Patterns To Engage Student Interest and Inquiry"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00207), Xinhua Xu, Meifen Wu, Xiaogang Wang, Yangyiwei Yang, Xiang Shi, and Guoping Wang describe an experiment in which the reaction process of copper–aluminum displacement in agar gel was observed at the microscopic level with a stereomicroscope. As shown on the cover, pine-like branches of copper crystals growing from aluminum surface into gel at a constant rate were observed. Students were asked to make hypotheses about the pattern formation and to design new research approaches to prove their hypotheses. Using this method, students carry out an experiment based on a specific chemical equation while also encountering the concepts of crystal growth and microcells through dramatic images of real-time change and visible crystal growth.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_4.txt,ave_2,2016_4.txt,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,clip,2020_7.txt,"–and demonstrates redox chemistry that allows for the direct conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy without involving a machine to accomplish the transfer. The visual effect is mesmerizing and provides a compelling introduction to the rich underlying science; however, the difficulty and time required to initiate and maintain regular oscillations often frustrates instructors and students, discouraging many from presenting this demonstration. In ""Resuscitating the Mercury Beating Heart: An Improvement on the Classic Demo"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00845), Daniel Stribling, Christopher R. Brewer, and Kenneth A. Goldsby describe a simple device for reducing the setup time and increasing the duration of this classic yet underutilized chemical demonstration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_11.txt,groundtruth,2021_11.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_97,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_97.png,B,"ONLINE COVER Fins and Follicles. Although jawed ectothermic vertebrates (reptiles, amphibians, and fish) can mount adaptive immune responses following infection, it is unknown whether such responses occur within organized lymphoid structures. Shibaski et al. describe melanomacrophage center–associated lymphoid aggregates (M-LAs) that form in the spleens of rainbow trout after infection with a parasite. These regions of highly proliferating B and T cells are sites of antigen-specific B cell clonal expansion and immunoglobulin gene somatic hypermutation analogous to mammalian germinal centers. This month’s M.C. Escher–inspired cover celebrates this discovery by featuring a stylized germinal center composed of tessellated fish that morph into lymphocytes. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_90.txt,vitg,8_90.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Immunology of Human Schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. Humans are typically infected through agricultural, domestic, and fishing activities that expose them to contaminated water. Houlder et al. studied how the immune features of schistosomiasis change over time by tracking immune responses during acute human Schistosoma mansoni infections in a controlled experimental setting. The early stages of infection were dominated by an inflammatory type 1 T helper (TH1) cell–skewed response regardless of whether participants were infected with male or female cercariae-stage parasites. By 8 weeks, however, type 2 T helper (TH2) and T regulatory (Treg) cells dominated the response, consistent with chronic schistosomiasis. This month’s cover features fishermen on Lake Malawi near Cape Maclear, Malawi, a site endemic for schistosomiasis. Credit: Robert Harding Picture Libr. Ltd/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_97.txt,groundtruth,9_97.txt,"ONLINE COVER Treating a Primary Immunodeficiency with CRISPR. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a range of inherited, sometimes fatal, inflammatory diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cytotoxic machinery of immune cells. Li et al. developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)–based CRISPR–Cas9 system combined with nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibition to repair memory T cells from perforin (Prf1)-deficient mice as well as from pediatric patients with FHL2 (PRF1 deficiency) or FHL3 (Munc13-4/UNC13D deficiency). Repaired mouse T cells could then prevent or cure FHL2-like disease in Prf1-knockout mice triggered by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–driven B cell hyperproliferation. This month’s cover illustration depicts CRISPR–Cas9–mediated repair of a cytotoxic T cell (red), which allows it to secrete normal cytotoxic granules (pink) and effectively kill virally infected B cells (blue). Credit: A. Fisher/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_92.txt,vith,9_92.txt,"ONLINE COVER Mobilizing CD4+ Skin T Cells. This month's cover shows brown-stained CD4+ T cells in a section of human skin. Some of these CD4+ cells are resident memory T cells (TRM) present in the dermis. Klicznik et al. identified CD4+CLA+CD103+T cells in human blood with multiple features in common with CD4+ skin TRM. These observations establish that cutaneous CD4+ TRM are capable of ""going mobile"" and migrating to distant skin sites. [CREDIT: PETER A. MORAWSKI]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_37.txt,clip,4_37.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_10.png,B,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,ave_2,2_7.txt,"The rise of digital twins
Recently, there has been growing interest and enthusiasm in using digital twins to accelerate scientific discovery and to help researchers and stakeholders with critical decision-making tasks. While the industrial and engineering spaces have seen more developments in digital twin technology, multiple other areas of science — from climate sciences to medical and social sciences — have also realized the potential of digital twins for bringing value and innovation to myriad applications. Nevertheless, many challenges still need to be addressed before the research community can bring the promise of digital twins to fruition. This issue presents a Focus in which we highlight the state of the art, challenges and opportunities in the development and use of digital twins across different domains, with the goal of fostering discussion and collaboration within the computational science community regarding this burgeoning field.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: zf L / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,"Implementing digital twins at scale
A digital twin is a complex computational model (or a set of coupled computational models) that continually receives and integrates data from a physical entity (for instance, an aircraft) to provide an up-to-date digital representation of that entity. The digital twin paradigm has seen significant interest across a range of application areas as a way to support data-driven decision making, but most implementations are custom-based, which makes it challenging to deploy them at scale. In this issue, Niederer et al. discuss challenges and opportunities for scaling digital twins, and Kapteyn et al. propose a mathematical representation of asset-twin systems as a first step to enable digital twins at scale.
See Niederer et al. and Kapteyn et al.
Image: teekid/Getty. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,"Quantum advantage for neural networks
Quantum computing offers promises of increasing computational efficiency and capability. However, there are still debates on whether and how this quantum advantage can be achieved. In this issue, Amira Abbas et al. showcases that a well-designed quantum neural network can learn a broader class of functions without compromising accuracy when compared to its classical counterparts.
See Amira Abbas et al. and Patrick J. Coles
Image: sakkmesterke/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_1.png,B,"The cover art depicts a photoredox-based oxidative heterocoupling of enolsilanes, enabling the synthesis of dicarbonyl compounds using oxygen as the environmentally friendly oxidant. The iconic building of Peking University serves as a metaphorical ""light source"", illuminating the development pathway of eco-friendly chemical synthesis methods that contribute to our urban sustainability goals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_26.txt,vith,2024_26.txt,"This cover art illustrates the KOtBu-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition of DMSO with C60, followed by a one-pot protonation to synthesize 1,2,3,4-cyclic sulfoxide-fused [60]fullerene dihydride. The X-ray crystal structure of this C60 derivative exhibits a round, paper-lantern-like shape, with cyclic sulfoxide outside the C60 cage resembling the handle of the lantern. This [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is also applicable to C70, and the lantern-shaped 1,2,3,4-cyclic sulfoxide-fused [60]/[70]fullerene dihydrides can serve as a versatile platform for the site-selective preparation of various fullerene multi-adducts containing a wide range of functional groups. This cover art was designed by Fei Li.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover picture inspired by the Lantern Festival in China. Cyclopropenone and allyl alcohol/olefin are like fireworks, while radicals are like fuses. Their combination and collision can produce",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_5.txt,clip,2025_5.txt,"The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2019_18.txt,vitg,2019_18.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_12.png,A,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,ave_2,1_10.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_9.png,B,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,ctivity-in,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,ave_1,2024_3.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_10.png,A,"Engineering of the primary structural protein of gas vesicles, GvpA, with the tetracysteine tag enables its reaction with the fluorogenic molecule FlAsH and subsequent visualization of the assembled gas vesicle structures inside cells with fluorescence microscopy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,clip,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,ave_1,2021_6.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_1.png,B,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,vitg,24_10.txt,"Current knowledge about how plants tolerate the effects of soil calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) primarily focuses on iron (Fe) acquisition. However, CaCO3
affects plant mineral nutrition well beyond its influence on Fe metabolism, creating
challenges for crop growth and quality in calcareous agro-systems. Thibaut Bontpart,
Stéphane Mari, and their colleagues provide an update on the cellular and molecular
mechanisms that plants use to mitigate the negative impacts of CaCO3 in soils. They
also discuss recent efforts to identify genetic traits associated with CaCO3 tolerance
in natural populations, which could be utilized for breeding CaCO3-tolerant crops.
Furthermore, they review how environmental factors such as soil water content,
air CO2 levels, and temperature affect soil CaCO3 equilibrium and plant tolerance
to calcareous soils, proposing strategies for improvement amid climate change
challenges. Image credit: Chloe Kim.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_1.txt,groundtruth,29_1.txt,"This is the second part of a two-part special issue on climate change and sustainability.
The cover is a snapshot of the vast array of below-ground communications between plants
and other organisms. The potential for these activities to contribute to combating
climate change effects is highlighted in several articles in the issue. For example,
Poonam Panchal and Jitender Giri and colleagues propose that in forests and grasslands
root exudates can contribute to long-term carbon sequestration and emphasize the need
to preserve the existing ecosystems to foster carbon sequestration through higher
root exudate inputs in the soil. Image credit: FeiYan Jiang and Gu Feng, China Agricultural
University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_6.txt,vith,27_6.txt,"This special issue is focused on the hot topic of belowground interactions in plants.
The rhizosphere, a narrow region of soil surrounding the plant roots, plays a crucial
role in plant–plant interactions, as well as plant interactions with soil biota and
the soil environment. This issue brings together reviews on the mechanisms of these
interactions which are vital for plant health, as well as insights on new technologies
for engineering the rhizosphere. Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/21_10.txt,clip,21_10.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_6.png,C,"Enabling large-scale simulations for nanophotonics
The cover depicts light from three incident angles being scattered from a disordered structure. Modeling such systems requires solving Maxwell's equations numerically, which demands heavy computing resources, especially for large-scale simulations. In this issue, Lin et al. introduce a method — called augmented partial factorization — that can efficiently perform such a modeling task by solving Maxwell's equations only for the quantities of interest. The method is also applicable to other linear partial differential equations.
See Lin et al. and Liu
Image: Yihan Huang (Hayley). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_1.txt,vith,2_1.txt,"Opportunities for machine learning in chemical reaction networks
In this issue, Mingjian Wen, Kristin Persson and colleagues survey the different computational strategies available for chemical reaction network construction and analysis in a variety of applications, such as natural language processing and reaction property prediction. The opportunities for machine learning approaches, as well as the challenges that must still be overcome, are also discussed.
See Wen et al.
Image: Jonathan Kitchen / DigitalVision / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_12.txt,ave_1,3_12.txt,"Flexible graph neural networks for materials prediction
Recently, machine learning-based methods, including graph neural networks (GNNs), have been widely used to establish structure–property relationships, which are crucial guidelines for materials design. However, generalizing such models requires addressing critical technical challenges, such as handling material-dependent output dimensions. In this issue, Ryotaro Okabe et al. propose virtual node models to further generalize GNNs, enabling the prediction of material properties with variable output dimensions. The work introduces three virtual node approaches that can be applied to predicting different phonon spectra with higher computational efficiency when compared to state-of-the-art methods. The cover image depicts vibrations of atoms or phonons, which is the property that the virtual node GNN has been applied to predict.
See Ryotaro Okabe et al. and accompanying Research Briefing
Image: Yugora / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_12.png,C,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,vith,29_10.txt,"Multi-immersion mirror objectives
Neurons in the mouse hippocampus imaged with the Schmidt objective. Voigt et al. develop a multi-immersion objective based on a mirror instead of a lens.
See Voigt et al.
Image: Anna Maria Reuss and Fabian Voigt. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"Super-resolution imaging
Artistic rendering of a system for noise reduction in super-resolution images. Qiao et al. incorporate prior knowledge of illumination patterns into a deep learning algorithm and apply this method to sustained live cell imaging.
See Qiao et al.
Image: Dong Li, Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Chang Qiao, Tsinghua University. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/41_10.txt,clip,41_10.txt,val
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_4.png,A,"Sensing m6A in cells
A representation of cellular mRNA modified by m6A, which is depicted as a gemstone. Marayati et al. develop GEMS, a genetically encoded m6A sensor that can report changes in m6A in living cells.
See Marayati et al.
Image: iStock.com/CROCOTHERY. Further modification by Kate Meyer (Duke University). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,vitg,29_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,clip,34_10.txt,"Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 25th anniversary
Nature Biotechnology celebrates 25 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business.
See Editorial
Image: Peter Crowther. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_10.txt,ave_1,39_10.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_8.png,A,"Hollow, mesoporous CeO2 nanoparticles, crafted via staged-shape templating, and functionalized with polydopamine, chlorine e6, and a cascade enzyme system demonstrate remarkable efficacy in killing human glioblastoma cells through combinatorial photothermal, photodynamic, chemodynamic, and starvation mechanisms. Synergy-driven 90% cell death in vitro suggests the potential as a potent cancer therapy nanoplatform.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,vitg,2018_6.txt,"The cover image depicts a multifunctional oligonucleotide-functionalized conjugated oligomer nanoparticle (CON) for effective cancer cell imaging and therapy. The CON possesses the high fluorescence emission efficiency for imaging and can generate reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The oligonucleotides linked to CON are labeled with folate molecules for the target recognition of the cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors. Moreover, the complementary oligonucleotides are added to form double-stranded DNA, which enables a sequence-specific loading with doxorubicin for chemotherapy. Therefore, the oligonucleotide-functionalized CON exhibits four capacities, including fluorescence imaging, target recognition, PDT, and chemotherapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_10.txt,ave_2,2019_10.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_8.png,D,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Water 2022 Excellence in Review Award for their exceptionally high quality, frequent, timely and professional reviews!  The journal team also thanks the entire global team of high-quality, enthusiastic and dedicated expert reviewers who support the journal by upholding rigor in scholarly publishing, and underpin the journal's success.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,"This work provides a comprehensive overview of pollution in Chinese water environments and exposure risks of pollutants to wetland birds in aquatic ecosystems. Migratory birds can be important biovectors of persistent and bioaccumulative pollutants, which may be an essential geochemical cycling process in addition to atmospheric deposition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.png,A,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,"The cover of this issue shows a network of similar products for the Egyptian economy. See César Hidalgo
Image: César Hidalgo, ANITI, University of Toulouse, France. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by spatiotemporal intermittency near the onset of turbulence. See Hof
Image: Gregoire Lemoult, Université Le Havre Normandie. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_12.txt,vith,5_12.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_7.png,A,"The cover art design incorporates three key elements: metal ions, bone defect tissue, and hydrogel. The layout comprises an upper and lower structure. The upper part showcases multiple molecular formulas of hydrogel components and metal ions, while the lower part depicts a bone defect tissue filled with a metal ion-containing hybrid hydrogel, featuring the release of multiple metal ions from the hybrid hydrogel between bone trabeculae. The overall background is a dark blue with elements resembling a starry sky, evoking a sense of technology, artistry, and professionalism, closely aligning with the theme of the paper.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover represents a special issue on Renewable Molecules & Materials and the Anselme Payen Award Symposium in honor of Ann-Christine Albertsson, the founding Editor-in-Chief of Biomacromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_8.txt,clip,2020_8.txt,"The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt,vitg,2025_2.txt,The special issue titled “The Future of Biomacromolecules at a Crossroads of Polymer Science and Biology” presents contributions from world-wide experts invited to speak at the symposium designed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Biomacromolecules to recognize and celebrate the achievements and impact of the most exciting research being conducted to converge the scientific fields of macromolecular and biological sciences because this has been the mission of Biomacromolecules since its inception. These contributions are organized into four subsections on the main topics of (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,train
Current Biology,34_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_20.png,D,"On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches
from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered.
We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology
that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial
by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"On the cover: An adult female chimpanzee of the Sonso community in Budongo Forest,
Uganda, vocalizing to inform others. When chimpanzees see dangerous snakes, they emit
a specific alert call indicating the presence of a threat. As shown by Crockford et
al. in this issue (pages 142–146), they are more likely to emit this call when audience
members are ignorant of the snake compared to when they already know about its presence.
Many social animals give alarm calls in response to danger, preferentially when mates
or kin are nearby; chimpanzees, however, appear to go beyond this by taking into account
each others' knowledge and by communicating missing and relevant information to those
who are ignorant. Image courtesy of Florian Möllers; reproduced with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_23.txt,vith,22_23.txt,"On the cover: The bonobo (Pan paniscus) is one of humans’ closest living relatives. In this issue, van Leeuwen et al. (pages
R261–R262) show that bonobos have social culture, just like chimpanzees and humans,
making it a plausible characteristic of their last common ancestor. Interestingly,
the observed social culture—social scratching and groom slapping—did not produce tangible
benefits and seemed to be rather arbitrary. Consistent with bonobos’ female-centered
social structure, a heightened role for innovation in females was found. Yet, the
transmission of the social behaviors was not obviously affected by sex, which indicates
that bonobo social culture transcends species-typical interaction patterns and may
represent a more encompassing mechanism for inducing group-cohesion. Image by Jonas
Verspeek.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_19.txt,clip,30_19.txt,"On the cover: Gibbons are well known for their melodious morning song bouts. In this
issue, Ma et al. show that three adult male crested gibbon species adjust rhythm to facilitate song
coordination with adult females. This image shows an adult male cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus), one of the study species with a particularly strong adjustment in rhythm. This
species is Critically Endangered, with only one population of 74 individuals, calling
for urgent conservation. Photo by Chao Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_20.txt,groundtruth,34_20.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_5.png,A,"Towards diversity in AI oncology applications, inspired by the Perspective on p628.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,"Single-cell analysis of tumour immunology, inspired by the Perspective on p244.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_9.txt,vitg,18_9.txt,"Risk factors for lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked, inspired by the Review on p121.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_11.txt,clip,21_11.txt,"COVID-19 vaccination of oncology clinical trial participants, inspired by the Perspective on p313.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_8.txt,vith,18_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_16.png,A,"On the cover: The cover displays three adult Drosophila optic lobes, each stained for a specific class of distal medulla neurons (top, Dm4;
middle, Dm1; bottom, Dm11) using multicolor stochastic labeling (MultiColor FlpOut,
or MCFO). In the accompanying paper, the authors show that each of these neurons is
born from neural stem cells derived from a specific larval subdomain within a patterned
neuroepithelium. The size of each domain of origin determines the abundance of each
specific neuronal type. Therefore, spatial patterning not only contributes to cell
fate specification but also regulates the stoichiometry of each neural class. To learn
more about how spatial patterning regulates neuronal cell fate in Drosophila, see Malin et al. Image credit: Jennifer Malin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_16.txt,groundtruth,59_16.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: Cell intercalation generates directed forces that elongate the vertebrate
body axis during early development. In this image, a heatmap quantifying tissue-scale
pushing forces is superimposed over an image of polarized, intercalating cells. For
more about how Arvcf Catenin is required specifically for the generation of robust
pushing forces by these cells, see Huebner and Weng on page 1119. Image created from
heatmap made by Shinuo Weng and microscopy of Asako Shindo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_16.txt,vith,57_16.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,vitg,57_15.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.png,B,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,groundtruth,2023_5.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,clip,2023_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.png,D,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Mathematical models can make use of clinical data and incorporate knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms of cancer growth and resistance to describe the response of tumour cells to cancer treatment and design treatment schedules that account for patient-specific responses. See Thomas O. McDonald et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_3.txt,vith,1_3.txt,"This focus issue on the future of food highlights technological progress in engineered food, featuring genome-edited food, cultured (cell-based) meat, engineered microorganisms for food additive production, cellular agriculture for milk production, sustainable food packaging and robotics in food preparation, including a critical perspective of new food technologies in the context of costs, climate change, and the political and economic forces that shape agriculture and food production. See the future of food.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,"Nanoparticles can be systemically injected into the body for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active transport mechanisms may enable nanoparticles to enter the tumour through active endothelial transport processes, retain in the tumour owing to interactions with tumour components, and exit the tumour through lymphatic vessels. See Luan N.M. Nguyen et al.
Cover image: Matthew Nguyen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.txt,groundtruth,2_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_6.png,A,"In this Review, Snyder et al. discuss leading theories of rhythm perception and synthesize relevant behavioural, neural and genetic findings.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_6.txt,groundtruth,3_6.txt,"Subjective time perception involves processing when an event happens versus how long an event lasts. In this Review, Coull and Giersch describe the functional and neural differences between temporal order processing and duration estimation by exploring perturbations in individuals with schizophrenia. See Coull & Giersch
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_8.txt,vith,1_8.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,vitg,3_2.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.png,A,"Research on pollinator cognition usually focuses on a single reward
aspect in isolation. However, this does not reflect the complexity of reward types
that
pollinators encounter while foraging, as demonstrated by the Sonoran bumblebee,
Bombus sonorus collecting nectar, a complex mix of chemicals, from mealy sage
Salvia farinacea. On pages 1047–1058, Claire Hemingway and colleagues discuss
how reward complexity can impact pollinator cognition and demonstrate the need to
consider ecologically realistic rewards to fully understand plant–pollinator interactions.
Photo credit: Alexander Wild.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.txt,groundtruth,39_2.txt,"The cover depicts prairie coneflower, Ratibida columnifera, an extirpated
species from tallgrass prairies in southwestern Michigan, USA. Here, extirpated species
demonstrate more limited phenological shifts in response to warming spring
temperatures than closely-related extant species, implicating phenological plasticity
as a potential determinant of extinction risk. On pages 147–157, Meredith Zettlemoyer
and Megan DeMarche highlight how phenological plasticity might mediate species’
responses to climate change at three scales: individual variation in phenological
responsiveness, population dynamics, and macroecological patterns of invasion,
extinction, and range shifts. Cover image credit: Meredith Zettlemoyer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/37_12.txt,vith,37_12.txt,"Coevolution, where two or more interacting species cause reciprocal evolutionary changes
in each other, has often been invoked to explain some patterns of diversification
but there has been comparatively little discussion of how the process might take place.
On pp. 82–89 of this issue, David Althoff and colleagues take a rigorous, scientific
look at the likely mechanisms and outline what needs to be known before we can conclude
a particular case of diversification really is being driven by coevolution. The cover
illustrates this with a bogus yucca moth ovipositing into the stalk of its host, Yucca reverchoni, overlain by the phylogenies of both the plant and the insect. Background photograph
by Kari Seagraves and cover designed by David Althoff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_11.txt,clip,29_11.txt,"Holometabolous insects underwent a major evolutionary radiation during
the Mesozoic and the modern insect fauna arose at this time. On pages 529–540, Bo
Wang
and colleagues discuss the major innovations that evolved during the Mesozoic, including
the parasitoid lifestyle, eusociality, mimicry, and pollination. The cover image shows
a
fossil ant (Protoceratomyrmex revelatus: Haidomyrmecinae) from 100-million-year-old
Kachin amber in Myanmar. Fossils of different ant castes indicate that eusociality
also
evolved during this time. Photo credit: Bo Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/37_8.txt,vitg,37_8.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_11.png,B,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,"On the cover: Microbial metabolites mediate host-microbiome communication. Determining
how host-microbial interactions contribute to inflammatory pathologies requires efforts
to connect disease-associated gut microbes (pink) to alterations in gut and plasma
metabolites (blue). In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Schirmer and Stražar et al. establish microbe-metabolite connections across disease severity in the PROTECT cohort
of pediatric ulcerative colitis patients. Paired metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics
revealed disease-associated microbes, microbial genes, and metabolites. The authors
show how subsequent culturomics profiling can be used to connect specific microbial
species with metabolite changes in disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_11.txt,groundtruth,32_11.txt,"On the cover: Prevotella copri is a common, but not ubiquitous, inhabitant of the human microbiome. In this issue
of Cell Host & Microbe, Tett et al. (666–679) and Fehlner-Peach et al. (680–690) explore the genomic diversity
of P. copri across discrete populations, finding that this species is not monotopic but encompasses
four distinct clades, likely in response to multi-generational dietary modifications,
that constitute the P. copri complex. In demonstrating the importance of this commensal, Rolhion et al. (691–701)
report on a bacteriocin encoded by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, which targets P. copri to enable pathogen colonization. The cover image represents the human diet (the orchestra
director) that is “orchestrating” the presence and abundance of these four distinct
clades (the four P. copri opera singers in red, blue, green, and yellow). Cover art by Eleonora Nigro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/26_2.txt,clip,26_2.txt,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_9.png,C,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,clip,20_11.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,vith,22_1.txt,"Machine learning for microbiologists, inspired by the Review on p191.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_9.txt,groundtruth,22_9.txt,"Electrifying bacterial physiology, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_12.txt,vitg,20_12.txt,val
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.png,B,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,vitg,2018_12.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,We combine the construction of synthetic genetic circuits and chimeric MerR regulators to generate functional metal-sensitive biosensor modules in Bacillus subtilis. We improve the specificity of these sensors by developing a,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2023_10.txt,ave_0,2023_10.txt,"Creation of a “superhero” Corynebacterium glutamicum strain through systems metabolic engineering techniques, resulting in the ability to produce L-valine with high titer and yield by utilizing glucose and ammonia as the primary carbon and nitrogen sources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,test
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_8.png,B,Cryo-EM reconstructions of the small subunit processome provide essentially complete snapshots of the ribosome in construction. Cover image by Jonas Barandun. (pp 944 and 954),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_2.txt,vith,24_2.txt,"Mechanisms of RNA processing and splicing
In this issue, we feature studies investigating RNA processing, including mechanisms of mRNA splicing, biogenesis of the splicing machinery, decoding of mRNA by the ribosome, and deadenylation of mRNA for degradation.
See Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Fabio Pagani / Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_8.txt,groundtruth,31_8.txt,"RPA in action
Bulk and single-molecule fluorescence analyses reveal the dynamics of RPA DNA-binding domains during homologous recombination.
See Pokhrel, Caldwell et al.  26 , 129–136 (2019)
Image: Xuanyu Han/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_11.txt,clip,26_11.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_6.png,D,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,Cryo-EM reconstructions of the small subunit processome provide essentially complete snapshots of the ribosome in construction. Cover image by Jonas Barandun. (pp 944 and 954),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_2.txt,clip,24_2.txt,"TRP channels feel the heat
Cryo-EM structures of the sensory ion channels TRPV1 and TRPV3 at different temperatures reveal mechanistic principles of heat-dependent gating.
See Kwon et al. and Nadezhdin, Neuberger et al.
Image: Felipe Jansen / EyeEm / Getty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_6.txt,ave_2,28_6.txt,"The scoop on γTuRC
Studies by Aher et al. and Dendooven et al. reveal the structure of the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) and show that it acts as a perfect template for 13-protofilament microtubules during nucleation.
See Aher et al. and Dendooven et al.
Image credit: Olivia Grigorita/500px/Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_6.txt,groundtruth,31_6.txt,test
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_3.png,C,"The cover art is depicting a flexible MoS2 field effect transistor, which is directly fabricated by a kinetics-controlled metal−organic CVD method. The",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,The cover art demonstrates an alloying-type artificial synapse with a lithium-ion rich polymer layer and a tin oxide nanoparticle layer. The reversible redox behavior at low potential ensures a high sensitivity and low-power consumption of the electronic device.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2020_11.txt,ave_2,2020_11.txt,"This illustration depicts a thermoelectric device designed to convert thermal energy gradients into electricity. Highlighted is the nanocomposition nature of the material, that employs CuFeS2, FeS2, and Cu2S sulfide-based materials. The images were enhanced using AI assistance from ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"This cover art depicts the inclusion of a silver–organic complex in electrically conductive Ag–epoxy adhesives, which enhances both thermal conductivity (587%) and die shear strength. This exceptional molecular approach allows extensive continuity in the formation of a Ag network on the adhesive matrix, which effectively solves the heat flow interruption caused by conventional use of discrete Ag fillers. This study opens a new thermally conductive functionality of electrically conductive adhesives in modern devices that requires effective heat dissipation. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2019_4.txt,vitg,2019_4.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_9.png,D,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,Utilization of metal-free click chemistry provides a green approach to fabricate functional hydrogels for biomedical applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_1.png,D,"Understanding the protein corona can advance nanomedicinal developments and elucidate how nanomaterials impact the environment. The cover image shows biomolecular coronas on the surface of nanoparticles. See Morteza Mahmoudi et al.
Image: Morteza Mahmoudi. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_6.txt,vitg,8_6.txt,"The field of molecular magnetism has expanded from the chemical design and study of single-molecule magnets and magnetic materials, to more physics- and nanotechnology-driven areas. In this Review, this change in focus is discussed and molecular magnetism in combination with either molecular spintronics, quantum technologies, metal—organic frameworks or 2D materials is outlined. See Eugenio Coronado
Cover Image: Eugenio Coronado, Universitat de Valencia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_11.txt,clip,5_11.txt,"Trained immunity is a form of nonspecific immune memory harboured within the innate immune system, and nanomaterials are ideal platforms with which to regulate it. This cover shows a selection of SEM images of nanoparticles in the bone marrow. See Mandy van Leent et al.
Image: Willem Mulder. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_7.txt,vith,7_7.txt,"High-entropy materials are primarily known for their mechanical strength and high toughness. However, they can also be used as a platform for multifunctional material design, in which several, even conflicting, properties can be reconciled because of the compositional tolerance inherent in the high-entropy concept: these include electronic, magnetic, mechanical, catalytic, thermal expansion and hydrogen storage properties. The cover shows 3D atom probe tomography data from a chemically complex Ti Mo based alloy. See Han L.et al.
Cover image: Dierk Raabe. Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_19.png,B,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"Amorphous e-TiO2 nanoparticles, designed for large-scale production, with strong UV absorption but low photocatalytic activity, demonstrate superior UV resistance enhancement in a nanocomposite with an unsaturated polyester resin. This UPR/e-TiO2 material stands out as a valuable resin, particularly suitable for crafting a long-lasting outdoor usable artificial quartz stone with minimal color alteration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.png,B,"Inflammasomes in atrial fibrillation, inspired by the Review on p145.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_10.txt,vith,20_10.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"New CRISPR tools, inspired by the Review on p505.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_5.txt,vitg,19_5.txt,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_5.png,D,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_7.txt,ave_1,26_7.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a powerful technology
for sorting cells based on fluorescent characteristics. Yet, it is limited to whole-cell
analysis and cannot distinguish individual organelles or subcellular structures. Novel
cell sorting platforms with imaging capabilities have ushered in a new era of cell
sorting,
enabling sorting based on images with subcellular resolution. On pages 657–670 in
this issue, Kuhn et al. review image-activated cell sorting technologies accessible
to the broader research community, discussing their strengths and weaknesses and
presenting use cases in basic and clinical research.
Cover design by illustratoren.de/TobiasWuestefeld.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_5.txt,groundtruth,34_5.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.png,A,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,ave_3,2024_5.txt,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_6.png,D,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,vitg,31_6.txt,"On the cover: This Special Issue of Cell Metabolism highlights six emerging themes in immunometabolism: similarities and differences
between cancer and immune metabolism, inflammasomes at the crossroads of immunity
and metabolism, gut microbial metabolites and immunity, metabolic regulation of T
cells and tumor immunotherapy, peripheral metabolic pathways regulating immune cell
functions, and myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming during innate immune responses.
The cover art by Ayaka Sugiura and submitted by Jeffrey Rathmell (pp. 49–70) highlights
the complex balance between metabolism and immunity in homeostasis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/26_6.txt,ave_2,26_6.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,groundtruth,36_6.txt,train
Macromolecules,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2025_2.png,A,"Introducing a strategy to customize the dynamics of covalent adaptable networks via molecular-scale design. By modifying functional monomer moieties, this strategy adjusts vinylogous bond kinetics, enabling the properties of robustness, dynamics, shape-memory, reprocessibility, and degradation. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,ave_1,2010_11.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_1.txt,vith,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_1.png,D,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.
Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,vith,8_11.txt,"Click chemistry allows us to label small molecules with fluorophores, and is amenable for the imaging of almost any biologically active compound within cells. This cover image features micrographs of cancer cell nuclei stained with fluorophores by means of click chemistry. Data like these can teach us about the mechanisms of action of small molecules in biological settings.
Image: Jean-Paul Rodriguez, Design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Gene delivery vehicles capture and protect nucleic acid cargoes, deliver them to cells and tissues, and are important for biological research as well as the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Chemistry has a key role in developing innovative synthetic materials for next-generation gene therapies to safely and efficaciously deliver nucleic acids to target sites in vivo. See Montenegro et al. Montenegro
Cover: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"By mimicking the structure of cells, single- or multi-compartmented molecular nanoreactors have been developed. In their shells and pores of tuneable dimensions, catalytic sites can be embedded, making such nanoreactors a customisable material with applications in fields as diverse as phase separation, heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, and bioengineering. For a discussion on the chemistry behind such nanoreactors, see Ma et al.
Image: Dongyuan Zhao; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p315.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_7.txt,ave_2,17_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_8.txt,clip,17_8.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p143.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_3.png,C,"Fasting proteome
Seven days of complete caloric restriction in humans leads to profound adaptations of the plasma proteome. The illustration is an artistic representation of changes in the proteome after prolonged fasting in humans.
See Pietzner et al.
Image: Saskia Beuchel. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_9.txt,ave_3,6_9.txt,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,vith,3_1.txt,"Humans lacking GDF15
Humans lacking GDF15 have no overt phenotype, are fertile, and have healthy pregnancies. This finding has potential implications for the development of GDF15-targeting drugs, such as in the context of hyperemesis gravidarum or cachexia. The image depicts humans standing in the shape of a DNA molecule.
See Gurtan et al.
Image: Boris SV / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_3.png,A,"Background image generated by Abdulmujeeb Onawole using DALL·E with the prompt “silhouette of an investigator with a deerstalker hat and a magnifying glass, surrounded by bacteria and floating pills”, with superimposed structures of a range of novel antibiotics that act on new bacterial targets.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,ave_0,2024_12.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,train
ACS Polymers Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_3.png,B,"AI for polymers. A combination of polymer fingerprinting, machine learning, rapid computational characterization of polymers, and availability of large open-sourced homogeneous data can accelerate the design and development of polymeric materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"Schematic representation of large size polar aggregates formed via hydrogen bonding between phosphate-terminated cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains in natural rubber (NR). The presence of multiple large size phosphate aggregates suggests a potential mechanism contributing to the superior comprehensive properties such as strain-induced crystallization observed in NR compared to synthetic polyisoprene.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"The cover illustrates the concentration dependent assembly of photonic bottlebrush block copolymers in solution from solvated single polymer chains to disordered compositional fluctuations to long range ordered lamella. In the process, the structure color of the assembled phases evolves and red shifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_3.txt,ave_1,2022_3.txt,test
Science Translational Medicine,17_782,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_782.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,"ONLINE COVER Dialing Down T Cell differentiation. Chiurchiù et al. report that certain proresolving lipid mediators that are known to affect innate immune cells can also block T cell activation (see cover image). These lipid mediators can steer T cell differentiation toward a regulatory phenotype, which could be a useful strategy for treating a variety of inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. [CREDIT: TED KINSMAN/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/8_353.txt,vith,8_353.txt,"ONLINE COVER Transforming Lung Cancer. The cover illustrates a lung adenocarcinoma cell (pink) transitioning to an intermediate state (purple) that can then transdifferentiate into a lung squamous cell carcinoma cell (red) or small cell lung carcinoma cell (blue). This issue of Science Translational Medicine features a Focus article by Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, the winner of the 2024 AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, which is given each year to a young scientist who has made important contributions to the field of cancer research. Credit: Fathema Z. Uddin",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_760.txt,clip,16_760.txt,"ONLINE COVER CAR T Kiss of Death. The cover image shows chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (green), which have been genetically modified to reduce off-tumor toxicities, forming functional immune synapses in preparation to kill colon cancer cells (magenta). Nuclei are shown in blue. Despite the success of CAR T cells in cancer treatment, a lack of unique tumor antigens often leads to on-target, off-tumor toxicities. To overcome this clinical challenge, Wang et al. improved tumor-specific targeting by genetically modifying CAR T cells to prevent their interaction with endothelial cells, reducing their ability to migrate into healthy tissues while retaining their ability to enter and eradicate tumors. Their work presents an improvement of CAR T cell therapies by minimizing their toxicities while enhancing their antitumor potential. Credit: Wang et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_782.txt,groundtruth,17_782.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_6.png,B,"Inspired by the layered microstructure of nacre (mother of pearl), the study shows that graphene–polyethylene nanocomposites confer excellent shock dissipation and spall strength, especially when there is grafting between the filler (graphene) and the matrix (polyethylene), ushering exploration of biomimetic nanocomposites for protection under extreme conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.txt,ave_1,2024_11.txt,"Detecting defects inside of microarchitected materials is important to ensure their intended functionality. The high scattering nature of these materials hides these defects, especially those deep inside these materials, from sight. In our manuscript we investigate defects deep inside these structures by using optical microscopy techniques with submicrometer resolution to resolve the entire structure and pinpoint the nature and location of individual defects. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.png,A,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,ave_1,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_6.png,D,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,clip,20_2.txt,"HIV and the brain, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p424.
Cover design: P.Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,vith,20_10.txt,"Brain asymmetries, inspired by the Review on p383.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,val
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.png,B,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,groundtruth,1_2.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,clip,1_7.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_411,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_411.png,D,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how nicotine modulates synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex. The image depicts a ball-and-stick model of nicotine.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_399.txt,clip,2007_399.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article showing that inhibition of NMDA receptor function in the insular cortex may prevent the development of neuropathic pain, which can manifest as painful sensations in response to stimuli that are not normally painful. The image shows an artist's depiction of the insular cortex. [Image: Chris Bickel/AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_275.txt,vitg,6_275.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Dwomoh et al. show that the molecular pathology of prion disease in mice has similar hallmarks to those of other prion-like neurodegenerative diseases and that these changes can be reduced by treatment with a positive allosteric modulator of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby delaying disease progression. The image is from a colored transmission electron micrograph of prion proteins (green) in scrapie-infected brain tissue. Credit: Dr. R. Dourmashkin/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_760.txt,vith,15_760.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on neurotrophic factors as a possible approach to the therapy of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The image depicts a brain. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_411.txt,groundtruth,2007_411.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_6.png,B,"Over recent years there has been a significant increase in research looking into the
interactions between humans and the microbes living in and on our bodies. In this
issue, we highlight several aspects of these interactions with regards to their effects
on endocrinology and metabolism. Cover image from GettyImages",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on
the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This
month’s
covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic
research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between
them.
Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from chronotherapy
in cardiovascular care (Festus et al, pp 607–623) to beta cell senescence in type 1
and type 2 diabetes (Morelli et al, pp 576–585), to fetal outcomes in maternal obesity
(Zhang et al, 638–647) and more. Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_6.txt,groundtruth,35_6.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,clip,27_4.txt,"The special issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism explores the mechanisms that regulate our appetite. Articles focus on central circuits
that control processes such as feeding, energy expenditure, and body weight, as well
as the brain-gut axis and the effect of gut derived peptides on appetite and satiety.
We are excited to bring to our readers the latest findings that underline important
unanswered questions, and present novel emerging areas requiring more exploration,
and might help create more effective therapeutic approaches. Image created by Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/24_11.txt,ave_0,24_11.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_2.png,B,"Our special issue on “New Advances in Neutrophil Immunity” updates our current knowledge
of the experimental models and molecular details of neutrophil granulopoiesis, heterogeneity,
and life cycles in health and disease. The articles in this issue explore tissue-specifi
c roles of neutrophils and their mediators at steady state, as well as during infection,
infl ammation, wound healing, and cancer. Metabolic and circadian regulation of neutrophil
functions is also reviewed. This timely collection brings together discussions to
uncover key research avenues. Cover illustration of a neutrophil: istock/Dr_Microbe.
Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/40_7.txt,clip,40_7.txt,"On pages 851–860, Murre and colleagues discuss how chromatin loop
extrusion and phase separation programs shape nuclear architecture, thus driving
mammalian polymorphonuclear cell fate decisions. The micrograph shows a blood
vessel in the human gallbladder that is filled with neutrophils. Magnification: 250X.
Image
credit: Ed Reschke/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_2.txt,groundtruth,45_2.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vith,36_3.txt,"There is a growing appreciation of the functions of tissue-resident immune cells and
their importance in immune surveillance and throughout the immune response. Recent
findings are providing new insights into the mechanisms targeting these cells to specific
tissues, and how these populations are maintained in homeostasis and respond in times
of immune challenge. Trends in Immunology is excited to announce a special year-long series of articles devoted to examining
tissue-resident immune cells and their diverse functions. In the inaugural article
of this series, on pages 30–39, Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang discuss the dynamic
mechanisms that govern lymph node stromal cells during homeostasis and active immunity.
The cover depicts, by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the close association
of dendritic cells (red) with an extensive and interconnected fibroblastic reticular
cell (FRC) network (cyan) populating lymphoid tissue. Through the dynamic production
of various chemotactic and survival cues, FRCs and other stromal cell subsets coordinate
the migration, positioning, and homeostatic maintenance of immune cells. Cover image
courtesy of Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_13.txt,vitg,36_13.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/10_1.png,C,"Biomimetic molecular catalysts for batteries
Aqueous polysulfide-based flow batteries hold promise for large-scale energy storage, yet their sluggish reaction kinetics constrain practical applications. Lei et al. develop a bio-inspired molecular catalyst that expedites the reduction of polysulfides, thereby leading to high-performance flow batteries that operate at rates close to practical needs.
See Lu et al.
Image: Rasi Bhadramani/ iStock. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_1.txt,vitg,8_1.txt,"Damp-proofing perovskites
Perovskite solar cells have recently taken centre stage in photovoltaic research thanks to their high efficiency in converting solar radiation into electricity. However, they are affected by poor stability, partly caused by moisture. Yang et al. now report a water-resistant layer that protects the surface of the perovskite device from moisture in high-humidity environments.
See Yang et al. 1, 15016 (2016).
IMAGE: Huagui Yang.COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Electrifying carbon capture
One approach to carbon capture is to react CO2 with an alkaline absorbent. To release the CO2 and regenerate the absorbent, substantial amounts of heat and multiple steps may be needed. Zhang et al. report one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and absorbent at ambient conditions using a porous solid electrolyte reactor.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Xiao Zhang, Haotian Wang, Rice University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"Compatible by design
Building batteries with energy-dense metallic anodes requires compatible electrolytes. Yu et al. develop electrolytes with single-solvent and single-salt components through molecular design, offering promise for high-energy and long-cycle-life lithium metal batteries.
See Yu et al.
Image: Yuchi Tsao, Stanford University Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_6.txt,vith,5_6.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_4.png,D,"A computational account of Nobel Prize history
This month features a Focus on the contributions of the computational science community to previous Nobel prizes in chemistry and physics. The issue consists of conversations with and commentaries from various experts — including past Nobel laureates — in order to not only celebrate the diversity of the contributions, but also to further look into the future and at the challenges that lie ahead of us.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Wing. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"How physical proximity affects communication
The cover depicts an email network within the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where nodes represent MIT researchers and node sizes are set according to their respective number of connections. Strong ties, highlighted in red, are connections between researchers with at least one mutual contact. Weak ties, highlighted in light blue, are connections between researchers who have no contacts in common. Carmody et al. explore the mechanism via which the complete removal and subsequent partial re-introduction of physical proximity at the MIT campus — due to the COVID-19 pandemic — affects the communication network and the formation of weak ties, which are known to enable the spread of novel information.
See Carmody et al. and Meluso
Image: Martina Mazzarello, MIT Senseable City Lab. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_5.txt,clip,2_5.txt,"Opportunities for machine learning in chemical reaction networks
In this issue, Mingjian Wen, Kristin Persson and colleagues survey the different computational strategies available for chemical reaction network construction and analysis in a variety of applications, such as natural language processing and reaction property prediction. The opportunities for machine learning approaches, as well as the challenges that must still be overcome, are also discussed.
See Wen et al.
Image: Jonathan Kitchen / DigitalVision / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_12.txt,vith,3_12.txt,"Focus on DEI
This issue presents a Focus in which we explore the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in computational science. The Focus features commentaries on representation and education, as well as insights on improving the design and application of computational tools to better serve various communities and to ensure fair and equitable practices.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: smartboy10 / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_2.png,D,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,vitg,7_10.txt,"Monitoring molecular relaxation
Molecular photoswitches can be exploited for solar thermal energy storage and information processing. One such system involves the rapid conversion between the molecular isomers norbornadiene (an artistic representation of which is depicted on the cover) and quadricyclane; however, our understanding of the switching processes is incomplete. Daniel Rolles and co-workers have used time-resolved gas-phase extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy combined with non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the electronic relaxation of quadricyclane after ultraviolet excitation and have observed two competing relaxation pathways that occur on different timescales.
See Borne et al.
Image: Wojciech Nowikowski and Karl Harrison. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_9.txt,ave_0,16_9.txt,"The magnetic properties of single-molecule magnets generally originate from a superexchange mechanism in which the spin states of two neighbouring metal ions couple to one another. Now, Long and co-workers have shown that a mixed-valence divanadium cluster with a bridging imidazolate ligand - shown on the cover of this issue - possesses a high-spin ground state that arises from a double-exchange mechanism based on electron delocalization. The versatility of imidazolate ligands in generating coordination complexes suggests that this could be a promising approach for producing a range of magnetic molecular materials. Cover image courtesy of Jeffrey D. rinehart.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p362
News & Views p351",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_8.txt,clip,2_8.txt,"Climbing the ladder to stable molecular conductance
Advances in single-molecule electronics are crucial for device miniaturization, but achieving stable and controllable conductance in molecular junctions is challenging owing to the dynamic nature of molecular conformations, which fluctuate over operational timescales. Now, Charles Schroeder, Jeffrey Moore, Rajeev Assary, and colleagues have developed a strategy using shape-persistent ladder molecules that maintain nearly junction displacement-independent conductance. The cover illustrates a molecular junction connected by a ladder molecule with a shape-persistent backbone and restricted rotation of terminal anchor groups.
See Liu et al.
Image: Alex Jerez, Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_2.txt,groundtruth,16_2.txt,train
Current Biology,34_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_22.png,C,"On the cover: This image shows a singing “Lawrence’s warbler,” a colorful North American
songbird. Once considered its own species, it is in fact one of the many distinct
variants of hybrid offspring between golden-winged and blue-winged warblers. In this
issue, Toews, Taylor, et al. (pages 2313–2318) compared whole genomes to identify
the differences between golden- and blue-winged warblers, finding that they differ
at only a handful of genomic regions; most of these regions include candidate feather
development and/or pigmentation genes. The hybrid shown here appears to be a rare
combination of recessive plumage characteristics. For example, the black throat patch,
which appears to be controlled by a single major-effect gene, is inherited as a Mendelian
recessive trait. Photo credit: Jacob Spendelow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_8.txt,vith,26_8.txt,"On the cover: A black-throated huet-huet wandering in its territory. Black-throated
huet-huets are territorial and ground-foraging birds in the family Rhinocryptidae
that inhabit the temperate forests of Patagonia. In this issue, using a combination
of molecular and microscopy methods, Caiafa et al. (pages 5558–5570) explore the role
of Patagonian birds in the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi. Analyses of fecal samples
show that birds consume a wide diversity of truffles and other mycorrhizal fungi,
and a high proportion of spores remain viable after the passage through the birds’
digestive systems. Photograph taken by Bastián Vásquez Godoy; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_1.txt,ave_2,31_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Drury et al. deploy a new modeling approach and show that the availability of open niches influences
the pace of phenotypic evolution across all birds. This image shows a little bee-eater
(Merops pusillus), an African invertivore (one of the groups with a particularly strong response to
changing niche availability). Photo by Jonathan Drury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_22.txt,groundtruth,34_22.txt,"On the cover: The yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) and closely related wood warbler species derive their colorful plumage primarily
from carotenoid and melanin pigments. In this issue, Baiz et al. (pages 643–649) show
that BCO2, a carotenoid-processing gene, introgressed among several warbler species
via hybridization during their evolutionary history, likely explaining differences
in carotenoid-based coloration among some species. In contrast, independent mutations
and divergent selection in ASIP, a gene in the melanogenesis pathway, may help explain
species differences in melanic coloration. Photograph by Todd Fellenbaum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_22.txt,clip,31_22.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_389,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_389.png,A,"COVER This week features a Protocol on detecting protein interactions with capture beads and flow cytometry. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_389.txt,groundtruth,2007_389.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Shi et al. show that peptides designed to bind to the scaffolding protein PSD-95 had antidepressant effects in mice by enhancing BDNF-TrkB signaling in hippocampal neurons. The image is a colored transmission electron micrograph of an excitatory synapse from the human central nervous system.   Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_834.txt,vitg,17_834.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Cusic and Burke report that rapid RNA decay during infection with RNA viruses is initiated by the condensation of double-stranded RNA with the RNA-degrading enzyme RNase L and its upstream activator OAS3 into cytoplasmic structures called double-stranded RNA-induced foci (dRIF). The image shows dRIF in dengue virus–infected cells.  Image: Cusic and Burke /Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_837.txt,vith,17_837.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Gamage et al. show that the deletion of a single amino acid (Glu296) reverses the pathophysiological effects of the disease-associated R304W mutation of the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 by restoring the intramolecular contacts required for the inactive conformation. The image shows μCT scans of cortical (top row) and trabecular (bottom row) bone in a wild-type mouse (left column), a mouse expressing the R304W mutant (center column), and a mouse expressing STIM1 with both the R304W mutation and Glu296 deletion (right column).  Credit: Liebert Parreiras Nogueira/Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_771.txt,clip,16_771.txt,val
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_4.png,A,"Thymic involution and immune aging
Dudakov and colleagues identify changes in the mouse thymic stromal compartment associated with age and injury and find age-related thymic epithelial cells that form a non-functional microenvironment in the involuted thymus.
See Kousa et al.
Image: DrawImpacts. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"Cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Nature Immunology has commissioned a series of Reviews to make sense of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, highlighting the value of spatial and other omic technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more.
See:
Image credit: Haiming Wei, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,vith,24_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"This month's Focus features a series of specially commissioned articles that discuss the most recent progress in understanding the ontogeny, functional diversity and activation plasticity of macrophages. See http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/macrophages/. Artwork by Lewis Long depicts élie Metschnikoff drawings of macrophages, as provided by S.H.E. Kaufmann from Metschnikoff, é. Immunität bei Infektionskrankheiten 1–456 (Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1902).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/17_12.txt,clip,17_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_11.png,C,"‘Regenerating hippos’, inspired by the Review on p211.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/20_9.txt,ave_1,20_9.txt,"'Hair raising' by Vicky Summersby, inspired by the Review on p423.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/18_6.txt,clip,18_6.txt,"‘Hair control’, inspired by the Review on p87
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,"‘Busy workers’, inspired by the Review on p699
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_2.txt,vith,23_2.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,50_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.png,B,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.txt,clip,50_2.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.txt,groundtruth,50_1.txt,"Biomolecular condensates have been shown to function in diverse cellular processes
and are thus being recognized as having important roles in health and disease. In
this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, three articles center around this theme: in their Opinion article, Dr. Jeremy Schmit
and colleagues propose there are a range of interaction affinities within these condensates
that enable their dynamic behaviors; Dr. Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and colleagues
describe biomolecular condensates in cancer in their Review; and, in their Review,
Dr. James Shorter and colleagues discuss regulation of FUS- and TDP-43-containing
condensates in health and disease. Cover image source: GettyImages/ Yagi Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/46_6.txt,vith,46_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,val
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.png,A,"In this Review, Bell et al. describe current VR-based treatments for mental health conditions and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.txt,groundtruth,3_5.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"In this Review, Luhmann et al. summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across time and space and consider macro-level factors that might account for these differences.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,train
ACS Polymers Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2025_1.png,B,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,ave_1,2023_5.txt,"Severe aggregation of DNA origami is seen when oligolysine-1K PEG coatings are used (green), but in proper environmental conditions, the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover illustrates the concentration dependent assembly of photonic bottlebrush block copolymers in solution from solvated single polymer chains to disordered compositional fluctuations to long range ordered lamella. In the process, the structure color of the assembled phases evolves and red shifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_3.txt,clip,2022_3.txt,"AI for polymers. A combination of polymer fingerprinting, machine learning, rapid computational characterization of polymers, and availability of large open-sourced homogeneous data can accelerate the design and development of polymeric materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_3.png,C,"Stromal heterogeneity unraveled
Unravelling the dynamic changes in cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations during breast cancer progression.
See Friedman et al..
Image: Genia Brodsky & Scherz-Shouval lab, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Piecing together the puzzle of breast cancer
Multi-omics analyses of breast tumor samples from Chinese patients add more pieces to the puzzle of breast cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Qin-Xin Wang. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_9.txt,ave_0,5_9.txt,"Mapping the microenvironment architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma
Spatial single-cell profiling of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma samples maps microenvironment architecture and heterogeneity, identifying functionally important immune cell populations.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lei Chen, National Center for Liver Cancer and Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"Temporal dynamics of T cells following PD-1 blockade
Single-cell sequencing reveals temporal changes in tumor-infiltrating T cell populations before and after immune checkpoint blockade. Patients responding to treatment display accumulation of CXCL13+ precursor exhausted T cells.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zemin Zhang and Baolin Liu, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_12.txt,vith,3_12.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_3.png,C,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,clip,45_10.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,ave_1,45_9.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – II’ presents current research
in this discipline, highlighting the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems
(central or peripheral). The micrograph on the cover shows an optical section through
a
dorsal root ganglion (green) taken from an MHC-II I–Abβ-eGFP reporter mouse at steady
state. The neurons (red) are stained with anti-β3-tubulin antibody (AF568) and the
nuclei
(blue) with DAPI. The image was acquired using a laser-scanning confocal microscope
at 20x magnification, and digitally upscaled using Topaz Gigapixel AI software. Image
credit: Pavel Hanc and Ulrich von Andrian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_3.txt,groundtruth,45_3.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,test
Organic Letters,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_8.png,D,!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_32.txt,vitg,2024_32.txt,"N axial chirality has undergone rapid development in the past two years, just like a beautiful butterfly in the field of chemistry. We consider this study to be another newly emerged butterfly in N",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_40.txt,vith,2024_40.txt,"The cover picture inspired by the Lantern Festival in China. Cyclopropenone and allyl alcohol/olefin are like fireworks, while radicals are like fuses. Their combination and collision can produce",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_5.txt,clip,2025_5.txt,"This cover art illustrates that when two coupling partners, ferrocene-p-tosylamides and allenes, were treated in the presence of Rh-catalyst, it led to the formation of two diastereodivergent [4+3] annulated ferrocene-p-tosylamides at two different temperatures, i.e., at room temperature (represented as moon in cover art) and at 60 °C (represented as sun in cover art). At room temperature, Rh-catalyzed [4+3] annulation selectively offered kinetically controlled diastereomer (>20:1 dr), whereas at 60 °C, a thermodynamically controlled diastereomer was obtained exclusively with >20:1 dr. This cover art has been designed by Sangit Kumar, Raviraj Ananda Thorat, and Raushan Kumar Jha. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,val
Nature Reviews Materials,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/10_2.png,C,"The field of molecular magnetism has expanded from the chemical design and study of single-molecule magnets and magnetic materials, to more physics- and nanotechnology-driven areas. In this Review, this change in focus is discussed and molecular magnetism in combination with either molecular spintronics, quantum technologies, metal—organic frameworks or 2D materials is outlined. See Eugenio Coronado
Cover Image: Eugenio Coronado, Universitat de Valencia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_11.txt,clip,5_11.txt,"Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al.
Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt,ave_0,4_10.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,"Metamaterials provide a platform to leverage optical signals for performing specific-purpose computational tasks with ultra-fast speeds. This Review surveys the basic principles, recent advances and promising future directions for wave-based-metamaterial analogue computing systems. See Zangeneh-Nejad et al.
Image: Romain Fleury. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_10.txt,vitg,6_10.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_3.png,A,"Heating and cooling feedbacks of buildings
Buildings interact with their environment in many ways. For example, heat is released to the atmosphere when energy is used for cooling or heating, but this energy demand is also affected by the temperature around the buildings, creating feedbacks between the buildings and their environment. In this month's issue, Xinchang Li, Lei Zhao and colleagues show that when this two-way feedback between buildings and their environment is considered, the additional atmospheric warming through buildings is higher than previously thought.
See Li et al. and News & Views by González-Cruz
Image: shunli zhao / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_3.txt,groundtruth,14_3.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,ave_2,12_1.txt,"Future under fire
After a year filled with fires around the world, we present a collection of Comments and Correspondences in this issue on the theme of fire and its implications in a warming world.
Image: Andrew Merry / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_10.txt,clip,10_10.txt,train
BDJ,238_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/238_2.png,D,"In this issue
This issue features articles on mental wellbeing and stress, traumatic dental injuries and minimally invasive endodontics.

Cover image: The measure of a system is its adequacy in the face of adversity. Holding on to knowledge, ethical principles and technical skills, the dentist shoulders the weight in balancing healthcare standards. (Graphite and digital media.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_1.txt,vitg,233_1.txt,"Farewell Stephen Hancocks!
This issue features articles on clinical audit, non-healing extraction socket, and the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale.

Cover image: From 2022. For this issue, the cover celebrated is one of Stephen Hancocks’ favourites, a pop art style cover published in Volume 233 Issue 10 (25 November 2022). It was part of a series of covers celebrating 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. To mark Stephen’s 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief, the editorial team and cover artist decided to create a commemorative final cover featuring Stephen himself in pop art style. He smiles from behind a small mountain of journals while humbly accepting applause for his years of leadership.

Thank you Stephen for your 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief of the BDJ, and congratulations on your retirement. We will all miss Stephen, as a colleague, editor, advisor and friend – team meetings will never be the same!
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_1.txt,vith,237_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue includes articles on gluten-free foods, matrix transfer techniques and digital readiness in dentistry.

Cover image: The illustration makes historical reference to the time period. Quill and ink mark the signing of the Dentists’ Act. Guy’s character echoes within the parliamentary setting, giving a sense of professional pride. His emphasis on the need to work together reminds us that attitude will in part determine our profession’s success altitude. (Graphite and watercolour on paper.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_11.txt,clip,233_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on antibiotic prophylaxis, indirect pulp capping, and artificial intelligence.

Cover image: Teamwork. No one-man band here. What’s a practice or procedure without the team behind it?
My venture into illustrations originated as a fun and creative way to relax and learn anatomy and instruments during my commutes to and from my dental foundation year. I was fond of art growing up and had strongly considered going into film-set design and art foundation opposed to the sciences. I wanted to get back into drawing after finishing dental school and I found digital dental illustrations through this.
©Pippasha Khan @DrPippa.K",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/238_2.txt,groundtruth,238_2.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_7.png,A,"Noncoding variants are thought to be responsible for the vast majority
of our genetic predisposition to disease. Unlike coding variants, which disrupt amino
acid sequences, noncoding variants often disrupt transcription factor binding motifs
and alter gene regulation and gene expression. On pages 465-483 in this issue, Chin
&
Gardell et al. review the current state of noncoding variant prioritization and validation.
They highlight the challenges associated with obtaining definitive proof of noncoding
variant effects and suggest a workflow that provides the groundwork to move beyond
association and towards genetically informed studies on the molecular and cellular
mechanisms of polygenic diseases. Cover design by Cathrine Petersen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_7.txt,groundtruth,34_7.txt,"Metabolic pathways have long held the interest of biochemists, but understanding how
these pathways maintain cellular homeostasis has piqued the interest of cell biologists
in recent years. Much progress has been made in understanding how cells respond to
nutrient availability and how metabolic pathways adapt to support cellular processes
during development and disease. This special focus issue of Trends in Cell Biology
underscores how metabolic pathways interface with cell biological responses and how
dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis can influence the development and progression
of disease. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/aleksandarvelasevic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/24_5.txt,ave_1,24_5.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_10.png,D,"This month marks the 40th anniversary of TiBS. To celebrate, we offer a special issue
that is focused on a rapidly-advancing area that spans the full scope of TiBS: macromolecular
complexes. The cover design compares the cell to a birthday party, with each of the
complexes acting as players in the scene. As the cover suggests, we include Reviews
on the nuclear pore complex, dynein, GroEL-GroES, the proteasome, and many more. Cover
design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_13.txt,ave_1,41_13.txt,"This month marks the 40th anniversary of TiBS. To celebrate, we offer a special issue
that is focused on a rapidly-advancing area that spans the full scope of TiBS: macromolecular
complexes. The cover design compares the cell to a birthday party, with each of the
complexes acting as players in the scene. As the cover suggests, we include Reviews
on the nuclear pore complex, dynein, GroEL-GroES, the proteasome, and many more. Cover
design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_14.txt,vitg,41_14.txt,"On pages 472–483 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Goodsell, Olson, and Forli provide an update, almost thirty years in the making,
of how structural information can be integrated with light microscopy and -omics data,
among others, to depict the cellular mesoscale. This is the level at where one can
observe how individual molecular components come together and interact in living systems.
For example, on the cover, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is illustrated.
Cover image designed by Dr. Goodsell, in collaboration with Daniel Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_7.txt,clip,45_7.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, two articles explore
related ideas of proteins being in the ‘neighborhood’ of their interaction partners
and
substrates. In their Review, Dr. Ciaran Seath and colleagues describe how proximity
labeling approaches can be used to explore protein-RNA and protein-ligand interactions,
as well as subcellular protein trafficking, and in their Opinion, Dr. Hyun-Woo Rhee
and co-authors describe spray-type post-translational modifications, a concept that
resembles proximity labeling methods. Cover image from GettyImages/soberve.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_10.txt,groundtruth,49_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_4.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p531.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"In our June issue: articles on PAD enzymes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and on the history and development of IL-6-targeted therapies.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_7.txt,vith,16_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p515. The online representation of the cover has been updated to correct an error in the background map image.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_4.txt,clip,17_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_5.png,D,"Intersection between ALD and NAFLD/MASLD, inspired by the Review on p764.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_1.txt,clip,20_1.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,ave_3,18_6.txt,"Gene therapy for liver diseases, inspired by the Review on p288.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_8.txt,vitg,20_8.txt,"Artificial intelligence in liver cancer, inspired by the Perspective on p585.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_2.png,B,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_12.txt,ave_1,40_12.txt,"On the cover: In their review, Galluzzi and colleagues examine the mechanisms by which malignant cells evade immune elimination through
a novel “three Cs” framework. Camouflage refers to cancer cells’ ability to disguise themselves from the immune system,
preventing recognition as a threat. Coercion involves the direct or indirect inhibition of immune functions by neoplastic
cells, while cytoprotection describes the capacity of malignant cells to withstand cytotoxic agents.
Together, these strategies contribute to immunoevasion and resistance to (immuno)therapy
across various oncological contexts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/27_3.txt,clip,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,ave_2,38_4.txt,val
Joule,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_4.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. introduce a novel method to excavate kinetic reaction knowledge from limited battery
thermal experiments, transforming it into millions of data points for machine learning,
which in turn enables highly accurate and broadly generalizable predictions. In the
imagery, the chips symbolize the computational power of machine learning, while the
batteries and dispersing cubes represent the latent thermochemical knowledge that,
once excavated into large-scale training data, can liberate the scale and capability
of machine learning methods. Image credit: Yu Wang and Chaoyang Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts AI as becoming critical to overcome the rapidly
widening gap between the existing computational capabilities and the evolving needs
of the electric power industry to cope with the massively increasing complexity and
uncertainty in the electric grid amidst the transition to a low-carbon energy future.
In this issue of Joule, Hamann et al. show how emerging AI foundation models are an ideal technology platform to collaborate
across the sector in a moonshot to harness emerging AI capabilities, which will enable
much more computationally efficient models, by orders of magnitude, for planning,
managing, and controlling the electric grid while providing high performance, adaptability,
and scalability. Artist/source: Lara Karadogan, IBM Research (lara.karadogan@ibm.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_1.txt,ave_2,8_1.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_12.png,B,"Acoustic tweezers for single-cell analysis.
Acoustic tweezers enable high-throughput, selective, precise and programmable manipulation of individual cells and particles, addressing interdisciplinary challenges in biology, materials science and soft-matter physics. See Yang et al.
Image: Shujie Yang, Duke University Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_5.txt,ave_1,18_5.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation
A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.
Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,groundtruth,19_12.txt,"Nanoscale diffusion dynamics using STED–FCS
Seeing nanoscale organization through a STED doughnut. Nanoscale membrane heterogeneity is investigated using a combination of super-resolution STED microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
See Sezgin et al.
Image: Erdinc Sezgin. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_9.txt,clip,14_9.txt,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_91,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_91.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Wearable Shoulder-Assistive Robot. Industrial roles involving repetitive overhead tasks cause shoulder injuries, but existing passive assistive devices are often not adaptive to various user motions. Zhou et al. have now developed a portable soft robot integrated onto a wearable garment to assist the shoulder in industrial work. The robot could reduce muscle activity during various tasks in a laboratory setting. Moreover, in a proof-of-concept study in an automotive industrial setting, qualitative assessment showed its usefulness in static overhead tasks. This month’s cover is an image of a user wearing the assistive robot while holding an object overhead. Credit: Yu Meng Zhou",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_91.txt,groundtruth,9_91.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Biomechanics and Exoskeleton Suits. The metabolic rate during walking can be minimized by providing assistance at the waist of individuals undergoing physical therapy. By focusing on the center of mass of an individual, the waist, Antonellis et al. develop a robotic tether system that can apply assistive forward forces with optimized magnitude and timing. The researchers show that providing assistance early in the step cycle can reduce the metabolic rate by almost half in healthy adults. This month’s cover is a photograph of an individual with the robotic tether attached to their waist while walking on a treadmill.  Credit: Ryan Soderlin/University of Nebraska at Omaha",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_64.txt,vitg,7_64.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,ave_3,7_68.txt,"ONLINE COVER Quick Reaction. Exoskeleton suits can improve standing balance by quickly reacting to postural perturbations. Beck et al. have developed a wearable ankle exoskeleton suit, ExoBoot, that can generate artificially fast torque before the onset of the user’s physiological reaction. ExoBoot was validated with human participants, preventing the users’ ankle joint from dorsiflexion and improving their standing balance when the surface they were stood on was displaced. This month’s cover is a multi-exposure image of a user wearing the ankle ExoBoot that is able to correct their standing balance following postural perturbation. Credit: Courtesy of Georgia Institute of Technology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_75.txt,clip,8_75.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.png,B,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"The cover art depicts an innovative solar reflector design. Utilizing polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystals, the originally transparent polymer achieves near 100% solar reflectivity. This design shows considerable potential for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, smart agriculture, space missions, and wearable solar devices. Part of the cover art was created using MidJourney AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_7.png,D,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,"Precision medicine, inspired by the Review on p745.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_2.txt,vith,18_2.txt,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"RNA-binding proteins: the beat goes on, inspired by the Review on p361.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,train
innovation,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/6_2.png,D,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: In recent years, driven by the new round of scientific and technological
revolution coupled with carbon neutrality, energy structure is undergoing unprecedented
changes. Biomass energy can be obtained from abundant resources by a number of applications,
which are zero-carbon and have the unique effect of carbon-negative emission. Meanwhile,
advanced conversion technologies, such as BECCS, pyrolysis, and biohydrogen, are also
joining the way to make a better bioenergy. Clean products of biomass have been promoted
to a prospective future. Combination of biomass energy development and advanced technology
will realize a more flexible and imaginative use of biomass, contributing to green,
low-carbon, and sustainable development. For a bright and recyclable future, we should
improve the use of biomass energy and unlock its huge potential for energy conservation
and carbon reduction.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,val
Cancer Cell,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_6.png,C,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_12.txt,clip,40_12.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: Casanova-Salas et al. demonstrate how the genomic and transcriptomic cargo within circulating extracellular
vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsies provides valuable insights into metastatic prostate
cancer outcomes and treatment responses and how this information could facilitate
the identification of biomarkers for guiding therapy switch decisions. The cover artwork
features an EV-lit traffic light, symbolizing the important role that circulating
EVs could play in the trafficking of clinically actionable information. Image credit:
Carlos Córdoba Terreros.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,"On the cover: As Cancer Cell celebrates 10 years of publishing groundbreaking cancer
research, we reflect on the dramatic progress that has been made. The previous decade
has witnessed leaps forward in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic
alterations in cancer cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the importance of the host in
tumor progression and therapy response. Experimental approaches such as RNA interference,
animal models, DNA sequencing, “omics,” and rational drug design have advanced tremendously
and greatly facilitated discovery. Several exciting new cancer therapeutics were approved
in the last decade. Encouraged by the achievements of the past decade, we look ahead
with excitement to the next 10 years of progress. Cover image by Scott Armstrong and
Eric D. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_9.png,A,"Geographical variation in vaccine responses, inspired by the Review on p250.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_9.txt,groundtruth,24_9.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,clip,22_5.txt,"Olfactory Immunology, inspired by the Review on p381.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.txt,vith,24_7.txt,"Maze to metastasis, inspired by the Perspective on p522.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_5.txt,vitg,23_5.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_1.png,B,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,vitg,1_10.txt,"All materials contain defects that can change their stability, characteristics
and behaviour. Computational simulations of these defects can help scientists to more
accurately predict their occurrence, concentration and resultant chemical properties.
In
their Forum article in this issue, Gormley and Hendon examine the nuances of calculating
defect formation energetics in molecular materials, with a focus on highlighting some
of the strategies theorists can use specifically to treat the chemical potential and
correctional terms of the calculation. Better predictions can help make these calculations
a crucial tool in the design and understanding of new materials. Cover image credit:
GettyImages/Tom Gowanlock",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Topological materials are solid-state structures where electrons
behave in unusual ways. Since most well-studied topological materials come from
the same handful of structure types, chemists can move the field forward due to their
understanding of structure and bonding. On pages 700–715 of this issue, Khoury and
Schoop discuss how delocalized chemical bonding can lead to topological structures
in
one, two, and three dimensions, and how certain structural motifs can be identified
to
predict new materials of interest. Image credit: the Schoop group (Princeton University).
Illustrated by Brenda Gong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_4.txt,vith,3_4.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_409,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_409.png,A,"COVER This week features a  Review concerning the possible role of asparagine deamidation as a genetically programmed molecular timer of biological processes. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_409.txt,groundtruth,2007_409.txt,"ONLINE COVER In a Research Resource this week, Rigbolt et al. report a system-wide analysis of temporal changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome of human stem cells as they begin to undergo nondirected differentiation. The image is a representation of this systems-level study, with the ""stopwatch"" in the center representing the temporal nature of the data, the first bubble depicting human embryonic stem cells in culture, the second bubble depicting molecular structure of a chemical inducer of differentiation, the graph representing the coordinated changes in protein phosphorylation, and the phylogenetic tree representing a bioinformatic analysis of the changes in the proteome. The background image shows representative mass spectrometry data. [Image: Kristoffer Rigbolt, University of Southern Denmark]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_164.txt,vitg,4_164.txt,"COVER This week's issue contains three new entries to  ST NetWatch, including DrugBank, a tool to examine the effects of drugs on signaling pathways; MINT, a database of protein-protein interactions; and Ask a Scientist, a Web site at which you can post questions for scientists. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how day length modulates the behavioral effects of estrogens. [Image: J. Foxx/Getty Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_406.txt,ave_1,2007_406.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_12.png,D,"Trait-based approaches to understanding ecosystem processes involving plants have
tended to focus on aboveground traits. On pp. 692–699 of this issue, Richard Bardgett,
Liesje Mommer, and Franciska De Vries move the focus to root traits and synthesise
emerging evidence for the importance of the belowground parts of plants in ecosystem
processes and responses to climate change. (Background image from an original painting
by Jill Colquhoun Bardgett.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_1.txt,vith,29_1.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,clip,30_2.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,"Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in
heterogeneous environments, as shown on the cover. There is a bi-dimensionality in
root traits, the root economics spectrum, and an orthogonal dimension describing how
nutrients are obtained. On pages 78−88, Yue Zhang, Deliang Kong and colleagues
propose that this bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots,
the
allometric relationship of root anatomical structures, and the independence between
root cell wall thickness and cell number. Cover credit: Beijing MyScimage Multimedia
Technology Center.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_12.txt,groundtruth,39_12.txt,test
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_6.png,A,"Immune signatures of pain
Single-cell transcriptomics is used to determine the gene signature of infiltrating immune cells and potential cell–cell interactions between receptors, ligands, ion channels and metabolites expressed on immune cells and sensory neurons in three models of inflammatory pain.
See Jain et al.
Image: Sara Hakim, Boston Children’s Hospital. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,"Transitional ILC subsets
Cella, Gamini and colleagues show that human mucosal tissues contain a spectrum of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs span from ILC3 to ILC1, with subsets having intermediate features of both.
See Colonna et al.
Image: Marina Cella and Marco Colonna. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/20_5.txt,clip,20_5.txt,"Germinal center response efficiency
Ludewig and colleagues use fate-mapping reporter cells, single-cell RNA-seq analysis and high-resolution microscopy to identify and track the spatial reorganization of follicular reticular cells within germinal centers during the course of an immune response.
See Ludewig and Clark and Klein N&Vs
IMAGE: Natalia Pikor. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_7.txt,vith,21_7.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_11.png,B,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,smart transparent flexible film as a Ca2+ pump,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_2.png,C,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,vitg,29_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,"CAR T cells eradicate solid tumors
An illustration of intact mitochondria (yellow) in IL-10-expressing CAR T cells. Zhao et al. show that expressing IL-10 in CAR T cells improves their mitochondrial function and therapeutic efficacy in multiple solid-tumor models.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Yiling Li, Li Tang, Yugang Guo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,clip,34_10.txt,train
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_2.png,C,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2015_16.txt,vitg,2015_16.txt,"An  efficient one-pot transformation of optically pure α-amino esters to anti-β-amino  alcohols. See Padrón and co-workers, p 6775. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2014_10.txt,vith,2014_10.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The Journal of Organic Chemistry,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2013_20.txt,clip,2013_20.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_9.png,B,"Black hole’s stellar fury
The discovery of quasi-periodic eruptions, caused by the repeated and partial tidal disruption of a star around a supermassive black hole, may explain both the hours-long quasi-periodicity in active galactic nuclei and the days-long nuclear transient periodicity observed in compact binary systems.
See Evans et al.
Image: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith (USRA/GESTAR). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_2.txt,vitg,7_2.txt,"Sun-a-day diet for luminous quasar
A heavyweight black hole, embedded within quasar SMSS J052915.80−435152.0 at a redshift of z ≈ 4, is accreting a solar mass of material every day. The process releases 2 × 1041 W of power, meaning that this quasar currently holds the title of most luminous quasar known.
See Wolf et al.
Image: ESO/M. Kornmesser, Cristy Roberts, Australian National University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"A crescent-shaped heliosphere
3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the heliosphere is not elongated and comet-like, but rather has a smaller crescent-like shape. The model agrees with observations obtained by Cassini, New Horizons, and the two Voyager spacecraft.
See Opher et al..
Image credit: Merav Opher, Boston University Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_4.png,B,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Mindfulness for stress
Do self-administered mindfulness interventions actually work for reducing stress? Sparacio et al. examined the efficacy of four different mindfulness exercises (body scan, mindful breathing, mindful walking and loving kindness). They found that all four interventions reduced participants’ self-reported stress compared to listening to a story excerpt. Body scan was the exercise with the largest stress reduction effect.
See Sparacio et al.
Image: Stellalevi/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,"Connecting humans and machines
The ubiquity of human–machine interactions is an opportunity to explore, while being mindful of the risks. This issue features a Focus on the many ways in which humans interact and communicate with machines, which foregrounds the societal implications and ethical considerations of emerging technologies.
See Focus
Image: Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_3.txt,ave_3,8_3.txt,val
Immunity,58_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/58_1.png,A,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_1.txt,groundtruth,58_1.txt,"On the cover: The immune system and the nervous system were once viewed as distinct,
but it is increasingly clear that they are closely interconnected and that they interact
in a myriad of complex ways during development, homeostasis, and disease. In this
issue of Immunity, we present five review articles that highlight the connections between the immune
system and the nervous system and describe the unique roles of the cells that function
at their interface. Hunter and Klein (891–909) discuss the protective and pathological
responses of innate and adaptive immune cells within the blood-brain barrier during
infections of the central nervous system. Yoo and Mazmanian (910–926) explain the
anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system and highlight its essential role
in regulating microbe-induced immune responses in the gut. Tracey and colleagues (927–942)
discuss the interactions between afferent (sensory) neurons and the immune system
along with the role of efferent (motor) neuronal pathways in regulating immunity.
They also highlight exciting new therapeutic possibilities for bioelectronics devices
in treating inflammatory diseases. Kipnis and colleagues (943–956) focus on the important
relationship between myeloid cells and the central nervous system during homeostasis
and the consequences of their dysregulation during disease. Finally, Liddelow and
Barres (957–967) discuss recent findings indicating that immune cells release cytokines
after injury and disease that activate astrocytes to one of at least two reactive
states—one harmful (A1), and one helpful (A2)—and highlight methods for identifying
and purifying reactive astrocytes. The cover illustration depicts purified rat astrocytes
in culture undergoing a transition from a resting state to a neurotoxic A1 reactive
state. Image by Shane Liddelow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/46_1.txt,ave_2,46_1.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,test
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.png,D,This ES&T special issue presents new research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from some of the leading experts in the field.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_11.txt,vitg,2021_11.txt,"The cover image gives an artist impression of a non-functional (left, white) and a custom-made, functionalized (right, orange) anion-exchange membrane, supported by a background image that links with the application: upon functionalization, the membranes were found to facilitate electrodialysis of citrate and phosphate from model dairy wastewater.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2019_20.txt,vith,2019_20.txt,"Potable reuse has become increasingly important to alleviate water shortage in drought stricken regions. The cover article highlights the importance of chloramines, a group of anti-fouling chemicals used in water reuse treatment facilities, and their associated photochemistry in degrading trace organic contaminants to produce highly purified recycled water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2018_5.txt,clip,2018_5.txt,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_2.png,A,"This figure shows an amorphous solid dispersion of indometacin (glowing blue) within a matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The perspective highlights the drug’s chemical environment, with the polymer structure intricately rendered, offering insight into the interactions within the dispersion. No molecules were removed from this real-world simulation data. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,ave_0,2024_8.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_11.png,A,Dirhodium tetracarboxylate-promoted reactions have served as a proving ground for modern computational chemistry methods. The applied theoretical chemistry of such reactions regularly has led to new models of organometallic reactivity. Key developments include the rise of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"From simple glycosyl iodide building blocks, complex glycan structures emerge in step economy synthetic processes. See Account by Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00357). Cover art design by Simon Park and Steven Oerding. Image of torus used under license from Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_12.txt,vitg,2016_12.txt,Emergence of distinct crystalline aromatic motifs from a plethora of crystalline architectures awaiting to be explored. Cover art by Shebin George. See article by Mahesh Hariharan and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00320).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_2.txt,ave_1,2019_2.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_3.png,D,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_5.txt,vitg,2023_5.txt,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,"By intertwining with various physical properties, two-dimensional and interface superconductivity may give rise to diverse emergent quantum phenomena, including quantum Griffiths singularity with superconducting rare regions, bosonic anomalous metallic state modulated by periodic nanohole arrays, Ising superconductivity with large in-plane critical field, interfacial high-temperature superconductivity, interface-induced superconductivity, etc.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,test
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_1.png,D,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,"Springing into action
Preventing freezing droplet accretion on surfaces is of practical importance, yet challenging. Now, Zuankai Wang and co-workers report a rationally designed structured elastic surface with spring-like pillars and wetting contrast, which can leverage the water volume expansion during the freezing process to drive the spontaneous ejection of freezing water droplets, irrespective of their impacting locations. The cover image shows a render of two ice droplets on the structured elastic surface, one of which has been ejected from a spring that was compressed temporarily due to freezing.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Ltd. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_1.txt,groundtruth,1_1.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_8.png,D,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,vitg,23_7.txt,"Delivering genome editors, inspired by the Review on p875.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_2.txt,clip,22_2.txt,"Peptide therapeutics targeting GPCRs, inspired by the Review on p389.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_7.txt,vith,19_7.txt,"RNAi-based drug design, inspired by the Review on p341.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_8.txt,groundtruth,23_8.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_9.png,C,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,ave_1,28_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,clip,16_1.txt,"On the cover: Early diagnosis of preterm brain injuries remains a significant challenge.
In this issue, Epstein et al. reveal an injury to the subventricular zone in preterm infants that predicts cerebral
palsy and motor impairment much earlier than is currently feasible in babies. The
injury is visible using cranial ultrasound. The cover art, painted by Cassidy Logan,
shows a fortune teller who is predicting the neurologic outcome of a preterm infant
using a crystal ball. Her vision of the child's likely health outcome is informed
by the ultrasound signals taken at the subventricular zone where the integrity of
the neural stem cell niche leads to production and migration of progenitor cells for
the developing brain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_9.txt,groundtruth,31_9.txt,"On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights
about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives.
In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews
and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798),
Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal
triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We
also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand
new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies
for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support
from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times
(with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt,vitg,28_8.txt,train
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2017_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.png,D,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,vitg,2025_2.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,clip,2017_4.txt,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,groundtruth,2017_9.txt,test
Nature Protocols,19_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_11.png,D,"The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies.
See Walton et al.
Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,"The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt,vitg,13_8.txt,"Plasma cell-free DNA methylomes
Artist’s impression of cancer cells releasing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the bloodstream. In this issue, Shen et al. provide the cfMeDIP-seq protocol for methylome profiling of plasma cfDNA.
See Shen et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_3.txt,vith,14_3.txt,"Terpene cyclization inside the resorcin[4]arene capsule
Hexameric capsules that self-assemble from resorcin[4]arene are shown in this rendered image. Luminous oxygen and hydrogen atoms highlight the hydrogen bond network holding the assemblies together. In the foreground, the capsule is open, revealing its content: a cyclized presilphiperfolanol molecule. See Cornu et al.
Image : Ivan Cornu, University of Basel. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_11.txt,groundtruth,19_11.txt,val
Trends in Immunology,45_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_9.png,A,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,groundtruth,45_9.txt,"Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated
with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies,
autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705,
Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity
and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms
of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image
credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt,vith,42_5.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,clip,45_10.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_10.png,D,"Olympics’ declining sustainability
Despite efforts to make the Olympics 'greener', a study by Müller and colleagues reveals the Summer and Winter Games have become less sustainable over time due to size, spending and footprint.
See Müller et al.
Image: The Asahi Shimbun / Contributor / The Asahi Shimbun / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_9.txt,vith,4_9.txt,"Reflective tools for sustainable dietary choices
Nudges can be useful tools to promote sustainable choices, but evidence about their effectiveness is mixed. Banerjee et al. show that reflective strategies enhance the ability of nudges to promote more sustainable diets.
See Banerjee et al.
Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Shipping and biological invasions
In this issue, Sardain et al. project growth of global shipping traffic to mid-century, and show that such changes may result in drastic increases in biological invasions worldwide — far greater than those that might be caused by climate-driven environmental change.
See Sardain et al.
Image: Joshua Rawson-Harris. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_9.txt,vitg,2_9.txt,"Sustainable space
We are rapidly expanding our reach into Earth’s orbital space and beyond. The adverse impacts of this development occur right here on Earth’s surface and in our atmosphere, in our near orbital space and all the way to our ability to see into the stars. As we show in this month’s Focus, it is now urgent to extend our notions of protecting a sustainable future on Earth to ensure a sustainable future in space.
See Editorial
Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,train
Matter,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_1.png,C,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the cover: The image presents an optimization landscape, with each local peak representing
a unique microstructure configuration. This visual concept aligns with Kench et al.'s recent paper, published in this issue, which outlines the application of generative
AI in mapping processing parameters to electrode microstructures, ultimately enhancing
cell performance. The landscape is depicted at sunrise, symbolizing the dawning of
a new era in materials design. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"On the Cover: For the inaugural issue of Matter, we wanted to reflect the vast scope of materials science without focusing on a particularmaterial,molecular
system, ormanuscript. Here, we explicitly depict the “launching” of Matter via an assembly of representative scale-free building blocks—theoretical components
of all materials systems—from nano to macro and fundamentals to application. Cover
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_6.txt,ave_1,1_6.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_12.png,D,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,ave_2,1_10.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_6.txt,ave_1,1_6.txt,"Plastic upcycling is a strategy for treating plastic waste, not only to
remedy environmental pollution but also to provide tremendous resources for novel
advanced materials. In this issue, Lim and Nguyen discuss sustainable approaches
to upcycle plastics, converting them into useful chemicals and materials. The review
highlights green chemical catalysis and hybrid methods that integrate biocatalysis,
offering immense potential for valorizing waste plastics. Cover image credit: the
authors, who found joy in art design, in addition to their passion for valorizing
plastics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_3.png,D,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,"Architecture of the ciliary radial spoke
Structural work reveals the architecture of the radial spoke in unprecedented detail and provides insights into the mechanoregulation of motile cilia.
See Article by Grossman-Haham et al. and Article by Gui et al.
Image: Adam Beedle / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_12.txt,ave_0,28_12.txt,"Protecting pluripotency during embryonic dormancy
A study by Stötzel et al. shows how active DNA demethylation and transcription factor occupancy regulate pluripotency maintenance in dormancy conditions such as diapause.
See Stötzel et al.
Image credit: Kevin Sawford / imageBROKER / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_3.png,C,"The cover illustrates the enlightenments gained on the development of earth-abundant Cr(III)-based emitters using bis(imidazolyl)-chelates. Those later enabled the preparation of the first homoleptic tris(didentate) Cr(III) compounds with a 6-membered ring chelate. This class of complexes was dominated so far by their 5-membered chelate rings counterparts (e.g., phenantroline, bipyridine).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_45.txt,vitg,2024_45.txt,"This cover picture depicts electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia by a novel hybrid material, Ag-TAM. Tellurium macrocycles were interlinked via silver–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover illustrates a remarkable tetrameric {UO22+}-incorporated polyoxotungstosilicate, which was demonstrated to be an effective bifunctional Lewis acid-base catalyst for the synthesis of pyrazoles via condensation reactions under mild conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_2.png,A,"Amyloid fibrils can be generated from a large range of food proteins, which may directly contact disease-associated amyloidogenic proteins in certain scenarios, such as for medical applications or individuals with digestive disorders. In this study, we show the biological effects of food amyloid fibrils when exposed to a series of conventional cell lines.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_1,2020_4.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,clip,2020_3.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,ave_2,2024_18.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_21.png,C,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,-wavelength deep ultraviolet emission from AlGaN quantum wires at macrostep edges and AlGaN quantum wells at macrostep terraces. The low dislocation density of AlN templates and dominant luminescence of the high-density quantum wires lead to a high internal quantum efficiency of 70%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_4.png,B,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,ave_1,4_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Slimak et al. present the discovery of a late Neanderthal nicknamed Thorin found in Mediterranean
France. The Thorin population was isolated for some 50,000 years and is genetically
deeply divergent from other late Neanderthals. The recognition of distinct late Neanderthal
populations has significant implications on the Neanderthal extinction scenarios.
The cover presents a reconstruction of the jaw of Thorin, one of the most complete
Neanderthal jaws ever found. Image credit: Xavier Muth, Laure Metz, and Ludovic Slimak.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huang et al. explore characteristic gut microbiota associated with phenotypes of the Chinese population
from 17 ethnic groups in China by metagenomics sequencing of 3,234 fecal samples.
The complexity and diversity of gut microbiota, akin to a veil of fog, were revealed.
The patterns within the 17 circles are symbolic patterns from 17 ethnic groups distributed
across various regions of China. The microbiota and genes at the center of the circles
reveal the species and genetic diversity of gut microbiota in the Chinese population.
Image credit: Qixiao Zhai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows an image of “Ötzi,” a 5,350-year-old natural glacier
mummy discovered in 1991 in the South Tyrolean Alps. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wang et al. used DNA extracted from the left iliac bone of this mummy to reconstruct
a high-quality genome to gain insights into the population history and phenotype of
this unique Copper Age individual. Among other findings, it was uncovered that he
likely had darker skin than modern continental Europeans and a predisposition of male
pattern baldness. Both phenotypes are supported by the appearance of the actual mummy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_4.txt,clip,3_4.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_12.png,C,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,Membrane-spanning α-helical peptide pores for single-molecule sensing.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,val
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_9.png,B,"Antigen presentation in cancer, inspired by the Review on p604.
Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_4.txt,ave_3,20_4.txt,"Dendritic cells as orchestrators of immune responses, inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors as a double-edged sword, inspired by the Review on p254.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"COVER: Spotlight on tumour-associated macrophages, inspired by the Review on p402.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_7.txt,vitg,19_7.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_6.png,D,"Improving anticancer activity of antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p203.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.txt,clip,21_10.txt,"Targeting tumours with antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p327.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_7.txt,vith,18_7.txt,"Single-cell analysis of tumour immunology, inspired by the Perspective on p244.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_9.txt,vitg,18_9.txt,"Leveraging multispecific antibodies to treat patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p539.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_9.png,D,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,clip,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,vith,16_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,vitg,16_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a story showing that tomato domestication and improvement
reduce drought tolerance. Wild and cultivated tomato may encounter various levels
of drought stress during their growth and reproduction. In the process of tomato domestication
and improvement, fruit weight and size are the key traits that have underwent artificial
selection. However, this process has reduced the rich genetic diversity of wild tomatoes,
leading to negative selection of many kinds of metabolites such as phenolamides. In
this issue, Cao et al. found that the levels of phenolamides are primarily controlled
by two biosynthetic gene clusters, BGC7 and BGC11, and their regulator of the transcription
factor SlMYB13, all of which have been subjected to artificial negative selection
that has caused reduced drought resistance in cultivated tomatoes. Image by: Shouchuang
Wang, Peng Cao and Jun Yang with the assistance of DALL·E (https://openai.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_9.txt,groundtruth,17_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_2.png,C,"Gut cell atlas, inspired by the Roadmap on p597.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_4.txt,ave_3,20_4.txt,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,clip,21_1.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,vitg,22_1.txt,train
Lab Animal,54_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/54_1.png,B,"Impact of environmental enrichment in zebrafish
Environmental enrichment (EE) is widely accepted as a way to improve laboratory rodent wellbeing, but less is known with regards to its impact on zebrafish. Although several studies have shown positive effects of EE in zebrafish, some studies have yielded contradictory results due to variations in the EE protocols applied. In a new Article, Gallas-Lopes et al. performed a systematic review of the literature to summarize available evidence on the effects of EE on zebrafish.
See Marcon et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_1.txt,vith,52_1.txt,"Exploring the effects of electrical stunning on zebrafish larvae
Available methods for zebrafish euthanasia have limitations. In a new Article, Burkhardt et al. investigated the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of electrical stunning on zebrafish larvae, showing that rapid and reliable euthanasia can be achieved with this method.
See Burkhardt et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/54_1.txt,groundtruth,54_1.txt,"Fear conditioning to robotic replicas
Zebrafish will learn to fear an aversive stimulus. That stimulus, however, need not be pain, nor involve conspecifics. Robotic replicas that mimic zebrafish—a trio of which are depicted on the cover illustration and deployed in a new Research Article—can do the trick.
The refined fear-conditioning paradigm may prove useful in behavioural pharmacology, allowing researchers to take advantage of the high-throughput potential of zebrafish to explore the effects of aversive experiences and test potential therapeutics.
See Macrì et al.
IMAGE: Anna Sawulska and Maurizio Porfiri. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_3.txt,clip,49_3.txt,"50 years of Lab Animal
We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years!
See Editorial
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_2.txt,ave_3,50_2.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.png,A,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,The special issue titled “The Future of Biomacromolecules at a Crossroads of Polymer Science and Biology” presents contributions from world-wide experts invited to speak at the symposium designed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Biomacromolecules to recognize and celebrate the achievements and impact of the most exciting research being conducted to converge the scientific fields of macromolecular and biological sciences because this has been the mission of Biomacromolecules since its inception. These contributions are organized into four subsections on the main topics of (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,"The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,"The cover represents a special issue on Renewable Molecules & Materials and the Anselme Payen Award Symposium in honor of Ann-Christine Albertsson, the founding Editor-in-Chief of Biomacromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_8.txt,ave_1,2020_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_5.png,B,"‘Immunology of the bone’, inspired by the Review on p626
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_3.txt,vitg,19_3.txt,"Emergency myelopoiesis, inspired by the Review on p596.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_5.txt,groundtruth,24_5.txt,"Atherosclerosis, inspired by the Review on p251.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_9.txt,vith,22_9.txt,"Rheumatic disease, inspired by the Review on p781.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_2.txt,clip,24_2.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.png,C,"In human induced pluripotent stem cells, chronic, physiological doses of amyloid beta produced significant functional impairment without increased cell death or increased accumulation of tau protein. This finding could provide clues to the mechanisms of early synaptic decline in Alzheimer?s disease.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_6.txt,ave_2,2018_6.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_1,2023_6.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,val
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,50_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.png,B,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.txt,clip,50_1.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.txt,groundtruth,50_2.txt,"Biomolecular condensates have been shown to function in diverse cellular processes
and are thus being recognized as having important roles in health and disease. In
this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, three articles center around this theme: in their Opinion article, Dr. Jeremy Schmit
and colleagues propose there are a range of interaction affinities within these condensates
that enable their dynamic behaviors; Dr. Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and colleagues
describe biomolecular condensates in cancer in their Review; and, in their Review,
Dr. James Shorter and colleagues discuss regulation of FUS- and TDP-43-containing
condensates in health and disease. Cover image source: GettyImages/ Yagi Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/46_6.txt,vith,46_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,vitg,48_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_2.png,B,"In this Focus Issue we explore new research directions in the field of moiré materials, including results from global and local probe studies, the use of interlayer hybridization for property tuning, potential commonalities with the physics underlying strongly correlated materials, and the recent discovery of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect. See the Editorial
Cover design: David Johnston. Cover image: Nuckolls, K.P., et al. Nature 620, 525–532 (2023).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.txt,vitg,9_6.txt,"Space exploration offers opportunities for scientific discovery, but the materials we use are critical to its success. Materials that can withstand harsh environments, innovations in materials manufacturing and energy-efficient technologies are essential for achieving viable and sustainable space missions, allowing us to explore new worlds. See the Editorial.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Materials engineering enables the control of water–material interactions in solar vapour generators, which aim to efficiently use solar energy for the cost-effective production of clean water. This Review discusses material-design principles for solar evaporators, spanning from macrostructures to molecular configurations. See Zhao et al
Image: Guihua Yu. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_8.txt,vith,5_8.txt,"In this issue, we explore the field of 2D materials with articles on their synthesis, fundamental properties, and the devices they enable. The challenges facing the commercialization of 2D materials, their adoption in biomedicine and other application areas are also discussed.
 
See Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16089 (2016).
Frank Ramspott",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_3.png,B,"The cover article describes the fabrication of large-area homogeneous amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with vivid, noniridescent structural colors by atomization deposition of colloidal nanoparticles. Owing to the fine thickness-controlled capability, heterogeneous APSs and additive mixing of noniridescent structural colors were realized. Furthermore, three-dimensional conformal coating on flexible substrates with curved surfaces, such as textiles, is obtained in one step due to omnidirectional coating.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2018_9.txt,clip,2018_9.txt,"sequential-logic-in-memory (S-LiM) concept using a single van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor (vdW FeFET) capable of performing sequential logic operations in two non-volatile states. This compact and energy-efficient design offers substantial advantages for edge computing, positioning the vdW FeFET as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing devices that require high performance and versatility in resource-constrained environments. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover art illustrates a PbS CQD/Ga2O3 heterojunction designed for UVC-vis-NIR broadband photodetection. The integration of giant cubic CQDs with high absorption coefficient and 2D materials led to high performance detector, showcasing great potential for advanced imaging technologies in various scientific and industrial fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_2.txt,vith,2024_2.txt,"The cover schematically shows borophene nanoribbons growing on a vicinal silver surface. Borophene nanoribbons host diverse nanoelectronic phenomena including quantum confinement, Friedel oscillations, and striped moiré patterns. The high degree of polymorphism and diverse edge topologies in borophene nanoribbons provide a rich platform for studying one-dimensional electronic states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_52.txt,vitg,2024_52.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_12.png,B,"A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,"A chitosan-based hydrogel that enables sustained and controlled delivery of a temoporfin derivative, which permits multiple irradiations after a single intratumoral administration. This strategy combines efficient cell killing with antitumor immunity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,vith,2024_6.txt,"The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_385,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_385.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that demonstrates that inheritance of the flagellum in Trypanosoma brucei, which is critical for virulence, requires strategically timed suppression of Polo-like kinase activity. The image is an electron micrograph that shows trypanosomes at various stages before and during cytokinesis with the original flagellum highlighted in pink and the newly synthesized flagellum highlighted in green. [Image: Ziyin Li/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA].",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_669.txt,vitg,14_669.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on kinase chaperones in yeast. The image shows Cdc37 and Hsp90 chaperoning a yeast kinase. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_385.txt,groundtruth,2007_385.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective that discusses how the activity of SOS is regulated by the binding of an allosteric Ras molecule. The image shows SOS and two molecules of Ras based on PDB 1nvu.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_414.txt,clip,2007_414.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a technique by which cells can be engineered to bind to apoptotic cells and then internalize them, thus making nonphagocytic cells become phagocytic. The image depicts the engulfment of apoptotic cells (pink) by an engineered phagocytic cell (blue). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_334.txt,vith,7_334.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_2.png,A,"Refugee mental health
The number of people displaced by climate-related natural disasters, political conflict and violence continues to grow. Refugees who have often been exposed to horrific conditions at home may also face further trauma in transit. In our November issue, we reflect on refugee mental health, which has often been considered less of a priority than basic needs such as food and shelter or where infrastructure is lacking. The cover symbolizes the potential for the mental health community to better reach and support refugees.
Read more about opportunities for improving refugee mental health in our Editorial, and see Nickerson et al. to learn more about promotive and protective factors for refugee mental health.
Image: Westend61 / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_2.txt,groundtruth,2_2.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,clip,2_5.txt,"Mental health — a universal human right
The theme of the 2023 World Mental Health Day on 10 October is ‘Mental health is a universal human right’. This is a powerful statement and reminder that everyone, regardless of their station and conditions, deserves the opportunity to live at their highest attainment of physical and mental health. Our cover this month depicts doves, a time-honored symbol of human rights, flying freely from a cage and signifying release from the potential bondage of human experience.
See our Editorial for more on the need to recognize mental health as a universal and foundational human right.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,train
Cell Genomics,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/5_1.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huang et al. explore characteristic gut microbiota associated with phenotypes of the Chinese population
from 17 ethnic groups in China by metagenomics sequencing of 3,234 fecal samples.
The complexity and diversity of gut microbiota, akin to a veil of fog, were revealed.
The patterns within the 17 circles are symbolic patterns from 17 ethnic groups distributed
across various regions of China. The microbiota and genes at the center of the circles
reveal the species and genetic diversity of gut microbiota in the Chinese population.
Image credit: Qixiao Zhai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_2.txt,vith,5_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_8.png,D,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,ave_2,31_11.txt,"On pages 10–19, SavasTasoglu and Utkan Demirci review recent achievements with bioprinting
technologies in stem cell research. Bioprinting technologies can be used to create
spatially defined gradients of immobilized proteins that direct stem cell differentiation.
The cover image shows the process of bioprinting where droplets that contain cells
and proteins are patterned on a surface and in 3D. The image was made by Savas Tasoglu
and cover designed by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_13.txt,clip,31_13.txt,"A joint special issue between Cell Stem Cell and Trends in Biotechnology features a series of Reviews and Opinion articles discussing the progress, remaining
challenges, and future opportunities in tissue engineering. Articles about technological
advances and applications in creating high-fidelity tissue models highlight the strengthening
bond between stem cell technology and bioengineering. The cover image celebrates recent
advances towards the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs including
biofabrication (left) and functionalized scaffolds (right), and was conceived by Anh
Nguyen and Matt Pavlovich and created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_10.txt,vitg,36_10.txt,"Urethral conditions impact children and adults, increasing the risk of
urinary tract infections, voiding and sexual dysfunction, and renal failure. 3D bioprinting
can revolutionize personalized urethral repairs, adapting to individual anatomical
variations
and disease characteristics with customizable physical properties. In pages 544–559
of this issue, Booth and colleagues discuss the emerging applications of 3D bioprinting
technologies to address ongoing challenges in urethral tissue engineering, including
biomechanical and structural mismatch, lack of individualized repair solutions, and
inadequate wound healing and vascularization. Cover image from the team of Inmywork
Studio (https://inmywork.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_4.png,D,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,vitg,16_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_14.txt,ave_2,16_14.txt,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,clip,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,groundtruth,17_4.txt,val
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_9.png,B,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"The Frizzled family (FZD1-10) of transmembrane receptors belongs to the
class F of G protein-coupled receptors. FZDs bind to and are activated by Wingless/Int1
(WNT) proteins. The WNT/FZD signaling system regulates crucial aspects of developmental
biology and stem cell regulation. Dysregulation of WNT/FZD communication can lead
to
developmental defects and diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. In this issue, Schulte
et al. discuss the growing evidence that FZDs are not only druggable but also behave like
GPCRs with regard to ligand-induced dynamics and mechanisms of receptor-transducer
coupling, and the basis to target FZDs pharmacologically. The cover is a schematic
representation of the WNT/FZD signaling system. WNT (yellow), FZD (dark pink), the
LDL
receptor-related protein 5/6 (in cyan), Disheveled (in light blue), heterotrimeric
G proteins
(blue, light pink and light yellow). The small molecule (in pink) depicts the potential
to target
FZDs for therapeutic purposes particularly in cancer. Membrane lipids are shown in
white.
The cover was designed by Dr. Julien Bous with Blender 4.02.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_9.txt,groundtruth,45_9.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences is devoted to the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in celebration of
the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recently awarded to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka
for their pioneering work in the field. Both researchers are long-time esteemed contributors
to TiPS, and Brian Kobilka serves on our Editorial Board. Thus, we are especially
pleased to take this opportunity to congratulate them on their great science and to
highlight some of the exciting ongoing developments in GPCR research. Image courtesy
of Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_12.txt,vitg,34_12.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_10.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Hu et al. report on the hypoimmune editing of primary non-human primate islets that can be
transplanted into an allogeneic recipient and reverse diabetes. The cover illustrates
a monkey standing on a pancreas-shaped stone and introducing a gene-edited hypoimmune
islet organoid to the world. Cover art by Justin A. Klein and Emily Cheng for Mito
Pop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_10.txt,groundtruth,31_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Cabezas-Wallscheid et al. (507–522) describe an integrated
genome-wide analysis of quantitative proteome, transcriptome, and DNA-methylome data
from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their immediate progeny. The cover art depicts
tomes of an early 18th century French encyclopedia to represent the comprehensive
molecular resource that this data set provides. The idea was developed and adapted
by three of the authors: Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid, Daniel Klimmeck, and Peer Wünsche,
who would like to thank the Antiquariat Hatry in Heidelberg for access to the encyclopedia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/15_3.txt,clip,15_3.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,vitg,28_1.txt,"On the cover: Humans and macaques contain species-specific regulatory sequences embedded
within transposable elements, depicted in this image as viruses. In this issue of
Cell Stem Cell, Trono et al. (724–735) show that in naïve human ESCs and during early embryogenesis,
these sequences are coordinately regulated by KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins,
represented here by hands, that activate species-specific developmental transcription
programs. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/24_2.txt,vith,24_2.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_7.png,B,"Recapture and reuse
With the help of processes that can recycle organic conductors, semiconductors and dielectrics, flexible electronic devices can be created in which each component of the device can be recaptured and reused. The computer-generated image on the cover shows a flexible electronic device developed using this closed-loop recycling approach.
See Park et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_12.txt,vith,7_12.txt,"Three-dimensional electronics
Our 2024 technology of the year is three-dimensional electronics.
See Editorial
Image: Kameon/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vitg,5_4.txt,"Two-dimensional materials go analogue
Operational amplifiers can be fabricated from two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors and used to create analogue feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a chip containing these operational amplifiers (each with a footprint of around 0.04 mm2), as well as test transistors.
See Polyushkin et al.
Image: Thomas Mueller. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_5.txt,clip,3_5.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_6.png,C,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Rationalizing the Fluorescence Behavior of Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides (J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126 (7), 1114–1122. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2023_30.txt,ave_2,2023_30.txt,"This cover feature depicts the immobilization of a [Ru(bpy)2(nicotine)2](Cl)2 (Ru-nico) complex from the aqueous solution to a polymer film. The Ru-nico complex in aqueous solution and rigid media, such as poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer films, were subjected to ultrafast transient absorption and emission studies. The findings provide ligand dissociation dynamics of the Ru-nico complex as the nicotine ligand gradually detaches from the Ru ion in solution, whereas this dissociation is inhibited in polymer films. This restricted ligand dissociation in films results in an emissive and long-lived state of Ru-nico in comparison to a nonemissive and short-lived state in solution. Cover design by Mohini Semwal and Ratnadip De.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812), (Top center) Accurate Prediction of Bond Dissociation Energies and Barrier Heights for High-Energy Caged Nitro and Nitroamino Compounds Using a Coupled Cluster Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (23), 4883–4890. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01506), (Top right) Ionic Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Gas Phase Association of Acetonitrile and Acetone with Halogenated Benzene Cations (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (7), 1363–1371. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09094), (Bottom left) Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Growth and Structural Stability of ZIF-8 Layers Probed by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (5), 1100–1109. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09610, (Bottom center) Stereodynamic Imaging of Bromine Atomic Photofragments Eliminated from 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane Oriented via Hexapole State Selector (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (31), 6635–6644. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04048) , (Bottom right) New Developments in Semiclassical Transition-State Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (22), 4639–4657. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01987).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2020_42.txt,ave_1,2020_42.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.png,A,"A novel microwave catalyst exhibits outstanding CO2 oxidative propane dehydrogenation (CO2-ODHP) performance by microwave catalysis at low temperatures, and the doping of Y greatly improved stability and regeneration performance for ZnO. This work cleverly utilizes microwave characteristics to solve the contradiction between conversion and selectivity in propane dehydrogenation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,train
Current Biology,34_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_7.png,C,"On the cover: Bundles of in vitro reconstituted, oriented actin filaments (in magenta) formed in the presence of an
abundant microtubule polymerase CKAP5 (also known as chTOG, or XMAP215 from X. laevis; in cyan). In this issue, Sabo et al. describe novel functions of CKAP5 using a combination of in vitro reconstitution and neuronal explant experiments. The authors show that CKAP5 autonomously
bundles actin filaments (seen here on the cover), crosslinks actin filaments to microtubules
regardless of their polarity, and enables the formation of persistent actin bundles
templated by dynamically unstable microtubules. Cover image by Jan Sabo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_23.txt,ave_2,34_23.txt,"On the cover: Confocal micrograph of an Arabidopsis thaliana seedling, 20 h post germination. The seed coat is still partially covering the cotyledons.
The plasma membrane is shown in magenta and the nuclei in green. In this issue, Bou Daher et al. show that xyloglucan, a cell wall polysaccharide, plays an important role in hypocotyl
emergence and root penetration in the soil during early seedling development. The
lack of xyloglucan affects the biochemical, structural, and mechanical properties
of the cell wall and induces a reduction in turgor pressure, leading to a compromised
seedling establishment. Image by Firas Bou Daher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_15.txt,clip,34_15.txt,"On the cover: Confocal micrograph of an adult Drosophila melanogaster flight muscle under pressure: myofibrils (magenta) and mitochondria (cyan) build
up pressure on nuclei, in which Tono (yellow) responds by forming round droplets.
Here, pressure was increased externally by incubation in a hyper-osmotic solution
(200 mM NaCl) prior to fixation; as a consequence, Tono formed large droplets. In
this issue, Zhang, Avellaneda, et al. demonstrate that the BTB-Zn finger protein Tono is required for myogenesis. Without
Tono, myofibrils and mitochondria remain immature, muscles do not work, and flies
can neither fly nor jump. Tono is present in the muscle nuclei and responds to internal
and external mechanical pressure on the nuclei by forming small or large droplets.
The authors propose that Tono measures the internal pressure status to adapt the transcriptional
program of the developing flight muscles, which in turn supports myofibril and mitochondria
maturation. Similar mechanosensitive BTB-Zn finger proteins may exist in humans. Image
acquired by Jerome Avellaneda.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_7.txt,groundtruth,34_7.txt,"On the cover: This image is a maximum-intensity projection of a z series from female
Indian muntjac fibroblast in anaphase, highlighting microtubules (cyan), kinetochores
(magenta), and chromosomes (white). Microtubules and kinetochores were acquired in
super-resolution STED mode and are shown as raw data. Chromosomes were acquired in
confocal mode, and the respective contours were highlighted using the “find edges”
tool in FIJI. Note the presence of a lagging chromatid containing a large kinetochore
with merotelic attachments (i.e., a single kinetochore attached to microtubules oriented
to both spindle poles). The Indian muntjac is a small deer with the lowest known chromosome
number in mammals (2n = 6 ♀ or 2n = 7 ♂) and discernible kinetochore size variability.
In this issue, Drpic et al. (pages 1344–1356) show that chromosome bi-orientation,
congression to the metaphase plate, error formation, and chromosome segregation are
biased by kinetochore size. Image provided by Danica Drpic and Helder Maiato.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/28_16.txt,vitg,28_16.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_3.png,A,"Sparse, reliable biomarker discovery
Identifying a sparse, reliable set of biomarkers from large multi-omics datasets: Hédou et al. present a machine learning framework that selects the most reliable biomarkers from large multi-omics datasets. By injecting artificial noise (gray dots) into a dataset containing thousands of omics features (pink dots), Stabl calculates reliable predictive biomarkers (circled dots).
See Hédou et al.
Image: Clara Leibenguth. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,vitg,34_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,clip,29_10.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_2.png,A,"Biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs
This issue highlights histopathological biomarkers for predicting the tumour accumulation of nanomedicines, the profiling of protein–protein interactions to predict the efficacy of inhibitors of acute myeloid leukaemia, the intravenous injection of oxygen via polymeric microbubbles for the treatment of hypoxaemia, the structural optimization of ionizable lipids in nanoparticles to improve their delivery activity and biodegradability, the radiation-induced reduction of platinum prodrugs, exosome-loaded degradable polymeric microcapsules for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, antibody-displaying extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy, the controlled formation of biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs, and how amine headgroups in ionizable lipids drive the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles.
The cover illustrates a method for forming biomolecular condensates that serve as drug reservoirs within cancer cells.
See Liang et al.
Image: Zhen Gu, Hongjun Li and Tingxizi Liang, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Patient-specific 3D-printed cardiac plugs
This issue highlights a personalized cardiovascular occluder made via 3D printing, a cloud-based machine-learning software for the prediction of CRISPR–Cas9 off-target effects, a stem-cell-based approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and engineered microbes for cancer chemoprevention.
The cover illustrates a 3D-printed personalized occluder for closing the heart’s left atrial appendage so as to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
See Robinson et al.
Image: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"Long-lasting implanted biomaterials
This focus issue highlights strategies for increasing the functional durability of implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates a subcutaneously-implanted scaffold for the study and modulation of a pre-metastatic niche (Review Article).
Image by Katie Aguado.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,"High-throughput imaging of single-cell secretions
This issue highlights a caller of genomic variants that leverages machine learning to reduce read-mapping costs, a method for the in vivo screening of hydrogels for antifibrotic properties, collagen-replacement therapy via mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles delivered intradermally via microneedles, the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of nanoparticle formulations for the delivery of mRNA to the liver, an investigation of the effects of the spatial distribution and placement of antigens in nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines, a subcutaneous Zika vaccine consisting of a hydrogel electrostatically entrapping the live virus, and a microwell array for the image-based spatiotemporal profiling of single-cell secretions.
The cover illustrates a plasmonic microwell array for the spatiotemporal monitoring of secreted proteins from hundreds of single cells.
See Ansaryan et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_6.txt,vith,7_6.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_16.png,B,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,The cover illustrates the elastically active network in a Brownian dynamics simulation of associative polymers with an association density just above the gel point. A random color is assigned to each linear section connecting branch points in the network. The number of paths forming unique cycles in the network determines the elastic modulus of the gel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,test
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_8.png,C,"River floods have direct and indirect consequences for society, causing fatalities, displacement and economic loss. This Review examines the physical and socioeconomic causes and impacts of disastrous river flooding, and past and projected trends in their occurrence. See Merz et al.
Image: Pavel Metluk / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_4.txt,vitg,2_4.txt,"Permafrost is warming and thawing at accelerating rates. This Focus issue and an accompanying online collection examines how permafrost is changing and the consequences for Earth and human systems. See Collection.
Image: peace portal photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Tectonic processes can lead to the formation of semi-enclosed seas and the deposition of extensive salt deposits. This Review explores the drivers and impacts of the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis, including previously unconsidered impacts on the global carbon cycle.
Image credit: Nick Brundle Photography/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"Lithium is an essential resource for the energy transition, owing to its widespread use in rechargeable batteries. This Review describes the freshwater and chemical inputs, wastes and environmental impacts of direct lithium extraction technologies and how to manage them.
Image credit: Bloomberg Creative/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_10.txt,vith,4_10.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_410,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_410.png,B,"COVER This week features a Perspective on cAMP signaling in PC12 cells. The image shows PC12 cells developing neurites. [Image: Matthew J. Gerdin and Lee E. Eiden, NIH]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_382.txt,clip,2007_382.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Decision-Making, highlights cellular decision-making events (see the Editorial Guide). The image depicts a neuronal stem cell and its potential fates of a glia or a neuron. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_410.txt,groundtruth,2007_410.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that describes how two atypical PKC isoforms, PKMζ and PKCι/λ, can compensate for each other during short- and long-term memory. Memory formation requires a persistent strengthening of excitatory transmission at specific synapses. The image shows an artist's rendering of synaptic transmission. [Image: Rost9/shutterstock]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/10_505.txt,ave_1,10_505.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how antipsychotics stimulate the synthesis of a distinct set of proteins to increase neuronal complexity. The image shows the dendrites of a neuron exposed to haloperidol. [Image: Heather Bowling, New York University School of Medicine]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_308.txt,vitg,7_308.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_11.png,D,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,vith,2023_9.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,"More is not always better, and finding the balance is crucial. Van Weijsten and Venrooij et al. showed that the orientation and valency of a synthetic autoantigen mimic has a great effect on the binding properties to cell-bound receptors and the competing free-floating antibodies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,test
ACS Materials Letters,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_10.png,A,"We propose naturally occurring α-quartz crystals as an ideal platform for realizing negative refraction. Quartz forms contact twins sharing a common lattice plane between enantiomorphs with the same or opposite handedness, which can result in phonon surface arcs with open isofrequency contours at the interface between the two enantiomorphs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,vith,2020_12.txt,Atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials serve as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena and provide practical solutions for various applications. Featured,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_10.png,B,"On pages 1177–1188, Sally Keith and colleagues introduce the new field of “macrobehaviour”.
This field integrates behavioural ecology and macroecology to provide new insight
into both fields, and has particular relevance for understanding ecological responses
to rapid environmental change. Coral reefs occur throughout the tropics and show clear
geographic patterns in species diversity. As such, reef fish, such as the threespot
damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus), pictured here, offer an ideal system in which to study macrobehaviour. Cover credit:
Umeed Mistry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_1.txt,clip,38_1.txt,"Atoll islands, such as Teti'aroa, French Polynesia, pictured here,
are often perceived as inevitably lost due to rising sea levels. On pages 258–266,
Sebastian Steibl and colleagues argue for protecting and restoring the processes of
atoll island accretion. Local conservation actions, along with reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions, are key to unlocking nature-based opportunities for enhancing atoll
resilience to global change. Photo credit: Tetiaroa Society info@tetiaroasociety.org.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_10.txt,groundtruth,39_10.txt,"Understanding the resilience of coral reefs to climate change is a major concern amongst
marine ecologists. But despite the global importance of reefs, the theory of reef
resilience has largely been developed for just one region; the Caribbean. On pp. 404
– 413 of this issue, George Roff and Peter Mumby not only consider variation in resilience
in other regions, they examine factors that might predispose a particular region to
be resilient or susceptible to local disturbance and climate change . The cover image
shows an Acropora dominated Indo-Pacific reef (Palau, Micronesia) that has undergone rapid recovery
following coral bleaching in 1998. (Image courtesy of George Roff).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/27_6.txt,vith,27_6.txt,"There is good evidence that human activities can cause ecological regime shifts at
a local or regional scale. Some recent publications have suggested that these can
become scaled up to generate a global tipping point. But is this suggestion likely
and how does the available evidence stack up? This month’s Focus Issue contains two
Opinion articles, on pp. 389–395 and pp. 396–401, giving the opposite sides of the
argument. There is also a linked Cell Press Discussion. (Background image, ©iStockphoto.com/Erick
Jones; planet Earth, ©iStockphoto.com/Jan Rysavy; design, Terry Hughes.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/28_6.txt,vitg,28_6.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_12.png,C,"Risky times and risky places
Predator–prey interactions, such as between cheetahs and zebras in Liuwa Plain National Park in Zambia, reveal the relationship between types of risk. In locations with high long-term risk, prey vigilance was strong when short-term risk was also high but not when short-term risk was low.
See Dröge et al. 10.1038/s41559-017-0220-9 (2017)
Image: Daan Smit. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Early hominin microevolution
Specimen DNH 155 from Drimolen, South Africa is the best-preserved cranium of Paranthropus robustus yet known, and its anatomy as well as its chronological and geographical provenance document microevolutionary change within the species.
See Martin et al.
Image: Jesse Martin and Angeline Leece. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/5_12.txt,vitg,5_12.txt,"African raptor declines
Many African raptors have suffered severe, widespread declines since the 1970s, and at the same time have become significantly more dependent on protected areas. Their loss has the potential to trigger extensive cascading effects, particularly in the case of large, apex predators such as this martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), seen here having just killed a black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas).
See Shaw et al.
Image: Munir Virani, Mohamed Bin Zayed, Raptor Conservation Fund. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"Seasonal change
A high-throughput DNA metabarcoding analysis of a grassland ecosystem reveals seasonal dynamism of food-web structure. The study suggests that spider predator species (such as Neoscona scylloides, pictured) with key roles in complex webs of interactions change across seasons.
See Suzuki et al.
Image: Hirokazu Toju. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_4.txt,vith,7_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_8.png,B,"Key advances in nephrology, inspired by the Year in Reviews on pp79–90.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_11.txt,ave_3,17_11.txt,"Health outcomes associated with hydration status, inspired by the Review on p275.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Innovations in dialysis, inspired by the Review on p481.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_5.txt,vitg,19_5.txt,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,clip,20_6.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_3.png,A,"AI framework for neural–behavioral modeling
Neural dynamics are complex and simultaneously relate to distinct behaviors. To address these challenges, Sani et al. have developed an AI framework termed DPAD that achieves nonlinear dynamical modeling of neural–behavioral data, dissociates behaviorally relevant neural dynamics, and localizes the source of nonlinearity in the dynamical model. In the cover image, what DPAD does is visualized as separating the ovsubbed erall brain activity into distinct pieces related to specific behaviors and discovering how these pieces fit together to build the overall activity.
See Sani et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Omid Sani, Maryam Shanechi. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_3.txt,groundtruth,27_3.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"In celebration of our 200th issue, we look ahead to the future of neuroscience. The cover image depicts a neuron mosaic composed of 320 images of cultured hippocampal neurons immunolabeled for MAP2 (red) and synaptophysin (green). It represents large amounts of quantitative data synthesized into a concise understanding of a system—an approach that will have an increasing role in neuroscience. Image by Michael Henderson.p 1623",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_1.txt,ave_3,17_1.txt,"To understand the brain, theoretical and experimental approaches must be integrated to make sense of the enormous amount of existing data, and to guide future experiments. In this issue, we present a special focus on computational and systems neuroscience. Along with commissioned perspectives, the focus contains primary research articles featuring the best work presented at Cosyne, a meeting that brings together a diverse group of theoretical and experimental neuroscientists. Image of glass brain courtesy of Bret Lobree. (pp 1643-1656 and 1667-1711)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_2.png,B,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a Chinese ink wash painting depicting bees collecting pollens
from plum blossoms, which symbolize wisdom in Chinese traditional culture. In this
issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhong et al. reveal that honeybee gut microbiota influence reward learning by mediating the metabolism
of pollen fatty acids. Bacteria facilitates the conversion of linoleic acid to anandamide,
which activates TRPA receptors in astrocytes. This triggers the endocannabinoid system
and regulates glutamate/GABA balance in bee brain, ultimately enhancing honeybee reward
learning and memory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Cell Host & Microbe begins a two-issue celebration marking our 15-year anniversary. The cover image uses
a tree to illustrate the growth of our journal and the connection we have with the
scientific community. The roots, “colonized” with microbes, set the foundation for
the branches “budding” journal issues. To commemorate 15 years of microbial research
and growth, the issue opens with an editorial from editor-in-chief Lakshmi Goyal (409–409)
and proceeds with commentaries from 15 early-career researchers who authored a Cell Host & Microbe paper(s) during their training. These commentaries are personal, thoughtful, forward-looking,
and honest as they reflect on their paper(s) and discuss how it fit into their career
path and current work in their independent labs. The “budding” journal covers represent
the issues containing the referenced papers. Our goal with these commentaries is to
thank the community for their trust in us and to share this relationship we strive
to achieve with our community members. The cover image was imagined and created by
Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/30_9.txt,clip,30_9.txt,val
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_10.png,B,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,ave_1,21_2.txt,"Health equity in endocrinology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p130.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"COVER: Emerging complications of diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_4.txt,vith,18_4.txt,"The WHO global targets for diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Viewpoint on p194.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_10.png,D,"‘The universe of biomolecular condensates’, inspired by the theme of this focus issue: phase separation in biology.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_10.txt,vitg,22_10.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,vith,26_1.txt,"'Fates and translational potential of pluripotent stem cells' by Vicky Summersby, inspired by this Focus issue.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/17_10.txt,clip,17_10.txt,"‘Making synthetic cells’, inspired by the Comment on p157 and Viewpoint on p162.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,val
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.png,A,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The boom of AIEgens has revolutionized the design strategy of bioimaging materials. In this review, we summarize  the advantages and recent progress of AIEgens in imaging and tracking, including different imaging strategies, e.g., turn-on imaging, stimuli-response sensing, and long-term tracking.  NIR AIEgens for in-depth bioimaging are also discussed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_4.txt,vitg,2023_4.txt,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,"The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.txt,ave_1,2024_11.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_4.png,D,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,vith,2024_1.txt,"The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt,ave_2,2016_6.txt,"The low bias (0.5 V) boosts a 7-fold-increased response in the Au/SnO2 H2S gas sensor with the benefit from the interface dipoles in the flower-petal-like nanostructures. With a 2 ppb limit of detection at room temperature, the sensor is ideal for environmental and breath disease monitoring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_42,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.png,B,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,groundtruth,2024_42.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: K. Viacava et al., “Low-Temperature Reactive Aerosol Processing for Large-Scale Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03213); S. Mishra et al., “Microwave Catalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Molecules by 2D Sheets of Spinel Nickel Ferrite” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02352); and J. Carneiro et al., “Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Metal-Based Cathode Electrocatalysts of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02773).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_16.txt,vith,2020_16.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_8.png,D,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,clip,2_7.txt,"Energy-efficient large language models
Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), on conventional von Neumann computing hardware — which separates memory and computing — is notoriously energy and power intensive. In this issue, Abu Sebastian and colleagues demonstrate that devices based on non-volatile memory (a type of analog in-memory computing hardware), constructed in three dimensions (3D), could substantially improve the energy efficiency of LLMs by leveraging ‘mixture of experts’ (MoEs) models. The cover image depicts MoEs neural networks realized through 3D analog in-memory computing on a silicon microchip, with multiple stacked tiers representing the experts in the network.
See Büchel et al. and Anand Subramoney
Image: Jeongung Cho, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,"Quantum advantage for neural networks
Quantum computing offers promises of increasing computational efficiency and capability. However, there are still debates on whether and how this quantum advantage can be achieved. In this issue, Amira Abbas et al. showcases that a well-designed quantum neural network can learn a broader class of functions without compromising accuracy when compared to its classical counterparts.
See Amira Abbas et al. and Patrick J. Coles
Image: sakkmesterke/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Semiconductor discovery with data-driven strategies
Computational methods can play a key role in the discovery of semiconductor materials, such as the chips depicted on the cover. In this issue, Lijun Zhang and colleagues highlight data-driven computational frameworks for improving semiconductor discovery and device development, as well as discuss recent advances, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
See Zhang et. al.
Image: MirageC/Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_2.png,C,"In this issue...
In July's issue of BDJ In Practice, we ask four dental indemnifiers for their views on how they see the profession, their market and the current landscape within
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_6.txt,vith,36_6.txt,"In this themed issue...
Implants have boomed, and all signs point to that continuing. But are you aware of the dento-legal implications of implants? This issue digs into everything dento-legal related to implants
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_4.txt,vitg,34_4.txt,"In this issue...
Welcome to the first artificial intelligence themed issue of BDJ In Practice!

We're looking at everything from horizon-scanning, future gazing, AI's impact on oral surgery, indemnity ramifications - and more",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_2.txt,groundtruth,37_2.txt,"In this issue...
There's increasing chatter about the wider and fully integrated role of digital within the profession, and that includes the use of AI. So our cover feature looks at how it can be incorporated into everyday practice
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_6.txt,clip,35_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_12.png,B,"In our January issue: articles on immune-modulatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis, gene therapy for cartilage repair, management of systemic lupus erythematosus and machine learning prediction models in knee osteoarthritis. Image of skin from a patient with dermatomyositis.
Image supplied by Majid Zeidi, Kristen Chen and Victoria P. Werth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/15_12.txt,vith,15_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Cover image supplied by Dr Farasat Zaman and Prof. Lars Savendahl from the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. The image shows a complete human epiphyseal (growth) plate extracted from a child after epiphysiodesis of the distal femur. All zones of the growth plate are depicted, including resting cartilage (top) and zones of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes, below which are shown calcified matrix and ossified bone. The tissue was fixed and stained with van Gieson/alcian blue. The extracted growth plate can be used as an ex vivo model to address pre-clinical and clinical questions about human bone development.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/13_2.txt,vitg,13_2.txt,"This Focus examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic and adverse effects of various commonly used non-biologic drugs in rheumatology, as well as future prospects in this field.
Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_6.png,D,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_38.txt,ave_2,2020_38.txt,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_43.txt,ave_1,2020_43.txt,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_50.txt,clip,2020_50.txt,"The monomeric KMP-11 phase separates to form liquid-like condensates. Different physiological factors, like temperature and pH, play vital roles in this process. Alternate charge block or (+)ve–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_94,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_94.png,B,"ONLINE COVER Turning Anti–PD-1 on Its Head. This month's cover illustration is a 3D rendition of pembrolizumab, one of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against human PD-1 being used for cancer immunotherapy. Based on results with a new conditional allele of the Pdcd1 gene in mice, Strauss et al. report that PD-1 expression on both myeloid and T cells is relevant to the immune stimulatory effects of anti–PD-1. A Focus commentary by Rudd  discusses the findings of Strauss et al. The illustration was created with NGL Viewer using x-ray crystallography data deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank. [CREDIT: PDB 5DK3]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_43.txt,vith,5_43.txt,"ONLINE COVER Cultivating Memory B Cell Responses to a Plant-Based Vaccine. CoVLP (coronavirus virus-like particle) is a promising COVID-19 vaccine produced in the weed Nicotiana benthamiana. A squalene-based adjuvant, AS03, can enhance immune responses to CoVLP vaccination, but how AS03 affects memory B cell responses to CoVLP is unknown. Grigoryan et al. studied immune responses in healthy individuals who received two doses of CoVLP with or without AS03. They found that AS03 promoted the progressive maturation of memory B cell responses over time, leading to enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and increased memory B cell breadth. This month’s cover illustration depicts a syringe containing a plant-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Credit: N. Jessup/Science Immunology (syringe: C. Horz/Alamy Stock Vector)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_94.txt,groundtruth,9_94.txt,"ONLINE COVER Teaming Up to Defend. Depicted here are CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs, green), which resist infection by enveloped viruses (yellow spheres), and CD1c+ DCs (orange), which are susceptible to infection. Silvin et al. report that CD141+ DCs acquire viral antigen from infected CD1c+ DCs and prime antiviral T cell responses. [CREDIT: RENAUD CHABRIER, WWW.RENAUDCHABRIR.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_13.txt,clip,2_13.txt,"ONLINE COVER Sugarcoated Vaccine. This month's cover illustration depicts the trimeric pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) found in an engineered nanoparticle vaccine construct. Swanson et al. describe the synthesis and preclinical testing of an RSV vaccine candidate consisting of eight of these pre-F spikes attached to a ferritin core. The magenta-colored branched glycans engineered onto the protein surface shield poorly neutralizing epitopes on pre-F, allowing antibody responses to focus instead on the known neutralizing epitopes indicated by red patches. [CREDIT: K. SWANSON ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_47.txt,vitg,5_47.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.png,A,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.txt,vith,2_11.txt,"Mathematical models can make use of clinical data and incorporate knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms of cancer growth and resistance to describe the response of tumour cells to cancer treatment and design treatment schedules that account for patient-specific responses. See Thomas O. McDonald et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,train
iScience,27_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_12.png,B,"On the cover: The study characterized the microbial community composition of liquefied
soil after an earthquake. Our finding sets up an alternative monitoring methodology
for soil liquefaction after seismic events.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/24_4.txt,vith,24_4.txt,"On the cover: A living thermometer with a rainbow of colors and deeper than a 10-story
building, the Grand Prismatic Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park abodes with
thermophilic microbes, chlorophyll, carotenoids, soil, organics, and hydrothermal
water. This is nature's high-temperature, chromatic, organofunctionalized slurry.
Sarkar et al. show how viscoelastic properties in clay slurries alter when the clay is organomodified
with betaines. Image credit: Kausik Mukhopadhyay.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_12.txt,groundtruth,27_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,"On the cover: The image represents a giant clam Tridacna crocea that displays a mantle where photosynthetic symbiotic algae harbor. Giant clams thrive
in oligotrophic tropical waters and rely on the symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae
called zooxanthellae. An algal betaine lipid, from a class of phosphorus-free membrane
lipids, is incorporated and utilized by the clam tissues and cells. This “smart utilization”
of algal lipids may help clams survive in poorly nourished coral reef waters. Image
credit: Ryuichi Sakai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_5.txt,clip,26_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_1.png,A,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_2.txt,ave_1,2025_2.txt,"Sulfate-free surface cellulose nanocrystals helped to fabricate highly stable, sensitive, and lightweight flexible thermal sensors for continuous monitoring of temperature profiles. Along with high stability, a sensitivity of 0.6%/℃ can be achieved with the CNC-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_5.png,C,"The cover features the kinetics of tetracyanoethylene on a copper surface at two different temperatures. For increasing dosages, the system undergoes a thermodynamically driven phase transition from lying to standing. As this transition notably changes the physical properties of the interface, we study how to kinetically inhibit this change. Based on first principles, we predict that molecules can be trapped in a lying orientation in the temperature range of 110",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,vitg,2021_1.txt,A molecular CO2 storage provided a platform to investigate an equation of state of a single-molecule gas as well as property-modulation of an open-[60]fullerene host by the densely packed CO2 molecule.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The cover illustrates the different structure of a mixed ionic liquid at a gold electrode surface compared to its bulk structure. A higher density of [C4mim]+ cations reside on the surface, represented by blue/green molecules, compared to [C4mpyrr]+ cations, shown as red molecules, despite many more [C4mpyrr]+ ions present in the bulk. Electricity shows the conversion of oxygen to superoxide in the electric double layer, which was used as an electrochemical probe to understand the surface structure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_1.txt,vith,2022_1.txt,val
Precision Chemistry,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.png,C,"Atomic manipulation, also known as probe chemistry, demonstrates remarkable capabilities in moving atoms and molecules on a surface and even promoting on-surface chemical reactions. This delicate tool, offered by scanning probe techniques, enables site-selective chemical reactions, allowing for the atomically precise imprinting and tailoring of π-magnetism in various nanographenes.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,clip,2024_6.txt,val
Molecular Therapy,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_6.png,C,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,ave_1,26_4.txt,"On the cover:Smith et al. engineer novel immunoglobulin cleaving enzymes with the ability to target IgM, a
key trigger in the anti-AAV immune cascade. The image displays structural models of
the newly engineered enzyme (IceMG, blue and orange) docking onto and cleaving pentameric
IgM or monomeric IgG (gray) that are shown neutralizing an adeno-associated viral
(AAV) capsid (rainbow). Image credit: Timothy Smith, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,train
Nature Water,2_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_6.png,A,"Solid water
Water in solid form, including glaciers, snow, ice caps and permafrost, plays a crucial role in both the water and climate systems. The cover shows a stream flowing through the ice landscape on top of the Greenland ice sheet not far from the town of Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. Each summer, a huge number of surface streams form on the Greenland ice sheet, transporting meltwater that influences the ice sheet's movement and eventually reaches the ocean, where it contributes to global sea level rise.
Credit: Image courtesy of Åsa Rennermalm. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_6.txt,groundtruth,2_6.txt,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,clip,2_7.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,ave_2,1_10.txt,test
BDJ In Practice,37_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_7.png,C,"In this issue
Communication throughout the pandemic has been completely different to anything we're used to, but just how has it changed, and is it for the better?
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_5.txt,vith,34_5.txt,"In this issue...
Having discussions about and around taboo topics isn't the easiest, but with HPV-related head and neck cancers, is it necessary?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_1.txt,vitg,35_1.txt,"In this issue...
June's issue of BDJ In Practice leads with a long read on the increase in dental phobia. what could be driving the increase? Plus we take a look at the viability of endodontics on the NHS as well as advice on setting up in practice
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_7.txt,groundtruth,37_7.txt,"In this issue
Dentistry has suffered a lot throughout the pandemic, and patients in the main have suffered.

So, what is the backlog of patients like? Is there a backlog? We take a look across the profession
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_2.txt,clip,34_2.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_7.png,B,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,ave_1,28_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Martins-Costa et al. report that mutations in ARID1B, part of the mSWI/SNF complex, lead to agenesis of the corpus callosum, causing the
interhemispheric white matter tract to be absent in humans. Through a human neural
organoid model, they reveal that ARID1B haploinsufficiency affects the maturation of callosal projection neurons and their
ability to form long-range axons, resulting in structural underconnectivity phenotypes.
The cover shows an abstract illustration of the two brain hemispheres resembling the
intricate architecture of a modern city skyline. The highlight in the center is a
suspension bridge, reminiscent of the corpus callosum, inviting reflections on the
complexity of neural communication and connections in our central nervous system.
Image courtesy of the authors and Philipp Dexheimer (http://www.philippdexheimer.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"On the cover: In addition to execution of programmed cell death, caspases play key
roles in promoting differentiation of stem cells in development. In this issue of
Cell Stem Cell, Li et al. (pages 508–520) demonstrate that caspases also participate in an opposite,
dedifferentiation process: the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts.
Inspired by the Hindu-Buddhist “Wheel of Life” concept in which Yama (which is also
one of the names originally given to caspase 3), the lord of death, controls the reincarnation
fates of all life forms upon death, the cover image depicts that caspases, in the
form of Yama, regulate cellular plasticity. Image created by Stan Coffman, Fang Li,
and Chuan-Yuan Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/7_3.txt,vitg,7_3.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_12.png,B,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,ave_3,11_1.txt,"Celebrating 25 years of cell biology
Celebrating 25 years of cell biology.
See Focus
Image: CHRISTOPH BURGSTEDT/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_12.txt,groundtruth,26_12.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,ave_2,22_3.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of cell biology
Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_5.png,D,"The cover illustrates thin, mechanically flexible opto-fluidic fluorescence sensors based on heterogeneously integrated microscale vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (micro-VCSELs) and silicon photodiodes (Si-PDs) on plastics. Lithographically defined optical isolation trenches and multilayer-based wavelength- and angle-selective spectral filters effectively blocked the excitation light to the Si-PD to significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and detection limit. The large-area, optoelectronic fluorescence sensors with monolithically integrated elastomeric fluidic channels on a flexible substrate enabled multiplexed sensing of fluorescent analytes in a real-time, continuous manner. See DOI:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00080. Image courtesy of Jongseung Yoon and Dongseok Kang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_7.txt,vitg,2016_7.txt,"We celebrate 20 years of photonics with a cohort of exciting Perspectives from leading researchers. As we enter 2021, the achievements of the last 20 years that are detailed in this issue?s Perspectives can give us inspiration to imagine what our field will be writing about and discussing in 2040.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,. The cover is a collage of artwork associated with publications in this special issue. Top left: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01375,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,Jeong-Hwan Lee et al. introduce a novel machine-learning algorithm for optimizing OLED structures. This algorithm efficiently and automatically evaluates optimized OLED structures for achieving a target emission color using two CIEscore and Zscore indicators with a remarkably small error margin of less than 0.5% for RGB-emitting OLEDs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_5.png,C,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 4125–4136. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00306). Clockwise from top left: Glycine Peptide Chain Formation in the Gas Phase via Unimolecular Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (3), 775–780. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248); Significance of Nonadiabatic Effects on Efficient Triplet Generation in Lumazines (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (37), 7739–7746. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04121); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 3925–3939. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454); Autonomous Single-Molecule Manipulation Based on Reinforcement Learning (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (8), 2041–2050. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08696).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2024_51.txt,ave_3,2024_51.txt,". The cover art depicts a selection of images that represent important scientific results achieved by Saykally and his group. Top left: image showing second harmonic generation probing of solutes at an air-water interface (reprinted with permission from J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, (16), 4753–4757, DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 4125–4136. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00306). Clockwise from top left: Glycine Peptide Chain Formation in the Gas Phase via Unimolecular Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (3), 775–780. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248); Significance of Nonadiabatic Effects on Efficient Triplet Generation in Lumazines (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (37), 7739–7746. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04121); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 3925–3939. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454); Autonomous Single-Molecule Manipulation Based on Reinforcement Learning (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (8), 2041–2050. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08696).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2024_47.txt,ave_2,2024_47.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_9.png,B,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"Drugs of abuse and toxins include diverse drug classes and chemical properties, which has posed the greatest challenge for broad screening in routine toxicological analyses. This work evaluated an untargeted workflow for broad toxicological screening via 35 representative drugs of abuse and metabolites, represented on the left as chemical structures within whole blood. The resulting LC-QToF-MS data is convoluted (see the 3D mass, retention time, and intensity graph) but can be processed to positively identify analytes via their retention time, parent ion, and fragment ions, as exemplified by lorazepam.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,train
Cell Reports,44_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/44_3.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,clip,25_1.txt,"On the cover: A section of murine soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, distinguished
by their fiber composition and exhibiting varying levels of vulnerability throughout
the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Spatial biology unveils opportunities
to explore the cellular and molecular networks underlying neuromuscular diseases.
Ruggieri et al. identify polyamines as key determinants of muscle fiber susceptibility in ALS, offering
insights into the mechanisms driving muscle atrophy in this disease. Image credit:
Luca Madaro and Veronica Ruggieri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/44_3.txt,groundtruth,44_3.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,"On the cover: The cover image shows a time-lapse fluorescence microscopy frame of
two strains of pneumococcal cells. Both strains produce GFP during competence. The
mutant is unable to produce CSP and constitutively expresses RFP. Wild-type cells
release CSP, inducing competence in the mutant, with (center) and without (left) direct
contact between cells. The experiment confirms competence synchronization through
a shared CSP pool. See the new paper by Domenech et al. Microscopy image taken by
Arnau Domenech.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_5.txt,vith,25_5.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.png,D,"An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,vith,2024_3.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,ave_1,2025_2.txt,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_2.png,B,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,ave_3,2023_11.txt,"Sulfate-free surface cellulose nanocrystals helped to fabricate highly stable, sensitive, and lightweight flexible thermal sensors for continuous monitoring of temperature profiles. Along with high stability, a sensitivity of 0.6%/℃ can be achieved with the CNC-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_11.png,D,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,vith,2024_2.txt,"Remarkable antimalarial activity of the extract of Artemisia annua L. obtained with salicylate salts and ionic liquids: The extract contains artemisinin but also artemitin, chrysosplenol D, arteannuin B, and arteannuin J, which synergistically enhance the antimalarial activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_9.png,B,"Nanotube transistors get up to speed
High-speed transistors that are based on arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes could potentially be scaled for operation in millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a six-finger nanotube transistor that is fabricated on a silicon wafer and can be used to build a radiofrequency amplifier.
See Shi et al.
Image: Lian-Mao Peng, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_7.txt,clip,4_7.txt,"Two in one with three terminals
A three-terminal gallium nitride (GaN)-based p‒n diode can operate as a light emitter or a detector. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover highlights the structure of the three-terminal diode, which functions as a tunable light-emitting diode with a built-in bias tee circuit and a detector with a reconfigurable optoelectronic logic function.
See Memon et al.
Image: Haiding Sun & Muhammad Hunain Memon, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"An elemental nonlinear Hall effect
Thin films of the element bismuth — an environmentally friendly and scalable material — can exhibit a tunable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect, which could be of use in the development of optoelectronic devices. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a bismuth Hall cross device, which is used to explore magnetotransport and the nonlinear Hall effect in the polycrystalline thin films.
See Makushko et al. and News & Views by Belosevich et al.
Image: © HZDR. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_10.txt,vith,7_10.txt,"Electronics with glass-like states
Electronically controllable structural states in vanadium dioxide that exhibit features similar to glasses could be used to create a platform for high-performance data storage and processing. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the nanoscopic conductive filaments that form in the vanadium dioxide and can store information.
See Nikoo et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and POWERlab/EPFL. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_4.txt,vitg,5_4.txt,train
Joule,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_7.png,A,"On the cover: This cover illustrates a pivotal application of thermoelectric (TE)
materials: waste heat recovery. High-entropy TE materials convert a substantial amount
of heat that is lost during industrial production processes into electricity. Among
various optimization strategies, the integration of high-entropy alloys with TE materials
is opening new avenues for the advancement of TE technologies. In this issue, Tang et al. provide a comprehensive overview of high-entropy TE materials, encompassing the mechanisms
underlying their high TE performance, the latest research advances, and future prospects.
Cover credit: Qiqi Tang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: In a thermoelectric material, heat flow will drive electronic charge
carriers along the same direction, enabling a direct conversion of thermal energy
to electricity. In order for this to work efficiently, these materials must be thermal
insulators to minimize heat loss. In this issue of Joule, Lin et al. (pp. 816–830) show that the cutoff frequency of acoustic phonons, a material
parameter that takes into account both the effect of crystal structural complexity
and soft chemical bonds, can be used to screen for promising thermal insulators. This
guiding principle leads to the discovery of Ag9GaSe6 as a high-performance thermoelectric material.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents putting the “pieces” together of renewable
building blocks from biomass with reclaimed PET (rPET) to synthesize fiberglass-reinforced
plastics (FRPs) that can be used in high-value materials applications such as in wind
turbine blades. In this issue of Joule, Rorrer et al. (1006–1027) demonstrate that rPET can be deconstructed and subsequently
combined with monomers obtainable from biomass. The resulting FRPs exhibit superior
mechanical properties compared to the petroleum-based incumbent while using significantly
less energy in their manufacture on a per dollar basis when compared to typical-FRP
manufacture and chemical bottle-to-bottle recycling. Cover art by Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_9.txt,ave_1,3_9.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_12.png,A,"Abnormal iron metabolism has long been regarded as a key metabolic
hallmark of cancer. Although the role of iron in tumor cells has been widely studied,
recent studies have uncovered the interplay of iron metabolism between tumor cells
and immune cells which may affect both innate and adaptive immune responses.
In a Review article of this issue, Zhang and colleagues present an overview of iron
homeostasis in cancer cells, discuss the current understanding of the regulatory
networks involved in iron metabolism within cancer cells, and explore how tumor iron
homeostasis affects or results from immunoregulatory therapy. Several key challenges
and potential therapeutic approaches for future investigations are also outlined.
The
cover image illustrates a transferrin-containing form of iron, which is the predominant
form under physiological conditions. Cover designed by Huai-Qiang Ju and Yan-Yu
Zhang via Cinema 4d and Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_12.txt,groundtruth,45_12.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_6.txt,ave_2,40_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,41_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/41_2.png,D,"MicroRNAs, which act as expressional regulators of protein encoding genes, are in
focus for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies that aim to reverse
pathological changes arising from cellular signaling. The cover illustrates the molecular
structures of microRNAs as abstract keys that could be used to open “new doors” for
the effective treatment of human diseases. En route from cells to clinics, the selection
of the right miRNA “key” within the bundle represents an important step to open the
allegorical door to a desired therapeutic effect. Cover credit: Valentina Galata.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/38_8.txt,clip,38_8.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_1,29_3.txt,"Open reading frames with fewer than 100 codons were traditionally
omitted from genome annotation pipelines. But in recent years, it has become clear
that many of these short open reading frames encode strings of amino acids, termed
microproteins, that play important functional roles in many species. This burgeoning
field of microprotein research is the focus of this special issue of Trends in Genetics.
Image credit: Artur Plawgo/Science Photo Library/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_2.txt,groundtruth,41_2.txt,test
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_4.png,D,"The editors of ES&T are delighted to announce the winners of the Environmental Science & Technology 2019 Best Paper Awards, celebrating exceptional papers published in the journal in 2019 in the categories of Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Policy, and Feature Articles. This cover salutes the authors",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2020_13.txt,ave_1,2020_13.txt,"This study reveals that allergen-harboring extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from allergenic species are widespread in the environment. EVs enhance allergen stability and translocation. It suggests a novel vesicle-mediated pathway for allergen dissemination and implications for human health. Background elements of the city, greenery, and houses in the cover art were generated by the image generation function of ChatGPT 4.0.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_3.txt,clip,2025_3.txt,This ES&T special issue presents new research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from some of the leading experts in the field.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_11.txt,vitg,2021_11.txt,This cover art showcases efforts to monitor CO2 emissions through the effective integration of multiple satellite measurements. It highlights an independent method for tracking progress in climate change mitigation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.png,B,"Landscape of IBD, inspired by the Perspective on p56.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_12.txt,vith,18_12.txt,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,vitg,18_6.txt,"Pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,41_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/41_1.png,D,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,clip,37_4.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,ave_1,33_7.txt,"The cover is the official logo of the 32nd National Congress of Parasitology
(NCP), Pune. The conference logo is inspired by Warli folk art, a tribal art originating
from
the Sahyadri range in Maharashtra, India. The logo is the visual representation of
the
theme of the conference, the impact of parasitic infections and vectors on both humans
and animals, with a One Health emphasis, and the need to take a holistic approach
to eliminate the burden of parasitic infections. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Purkayastha et al. highlight the proceedings from the conference, which brought together
eminent parasitologists from India and also Africa to present and discuss their exciting
research from the field. Image credit: originally designed by Sindhuri Upadrasta and
further developed and digitally rendered by D.V. Mamatharani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/41_1.txt,groundtruth,41_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.png,A,"This Article focuses on the development of a highly stretchable and self-adhesive wearable biosensor based on nanozyme-catalyzed conductive hydrogels. The authors demonstrate the potential of this biosensor in monitoring electrophysiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, for applications in rehabilitation training and disease diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"A true drug-polymer comprised of 100% drug units was found to show enhanced biocidal activity, and the polymerization helped to achieve better physical property, which is friendly for suture-coating applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_8.txt,clip,2022_8.txt,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_2.png,A,Two-dimensional (2D) materials-coated paper-based helical origami triboelectric nanogenerators (O-TENGs) are designed to harvest blue energy. The efficient charge transfer between the cellulose and 2D materials significantly improves the output performance of the O-TENGs. This,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The cover art demonstrates an alloying-type artificial synapse with a lithium-ion rich polymer layer and a tin oxide nanoparticle layer. The reversible redox behavior at low potential ensures a high sensitivity and low-power consumption of the electronic device.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2020_11.txt,vith,2020_11.txt,"The cover art is depicting a flexible MoS2 field effect transistor, which is directly fabricated by a kinetics-controlled metal−organic CVD method. The",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"This cover art depicts the inclusion of a silver–organic complex in electrically conductive Ag–epoxy adhesives, which enhances both thermal conductivity (587%) and die shear strength. This exceptional molecular approach allows extensive continuity in the formation of a Ag network on the adhesive matrix, which effectively solves the heat flow interruption caused by conventional use of discrete Ag fillers. This study opens a new thermally conductive functionality of electrically conductive adhesives in modern devices that requires effective heat dissipation. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2019_4.txt,vitg,2019_4.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_5.png,B,"Metabolic mixology
Using cell-free protein synthesis and combinatorial pathway assembly in vitro, the iPROBE approach enables rapid generation and screening of engineered biosynthetic pathway ‘cocktails’ to identify and optimize high-performing combinations.
See Karim et al.
IMAGE: Justin Muir. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_5.txt,vitg,16_5.txt,"Computational protein design
Development in computational tools enables the prediction of protein structures and de novo design of proteins with new features or desired functions. The cover image depicts the computational design and engineering of all-parallel and antiparallel α-helical barrel proteins with functionalizable channels.
See Albanese et al.
Image: Rokas Petrenas and Katherine Albanese, University of Bristol. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,clip,13_12.txt,val
Analytical Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_1.png,D,We developed an analytical method called a “multidimensional digital bioassay” that enables high-throughput single-molecule and single-particle analysis under multiple conditions and on multiple parameters. This cover illustrates a multiconditional analysis of single enzyme molecules individually immobilized in femtoliter reactors. Image created by Akiko Sato.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2021_39.txt,clip,2021_39.txt,"Featured on the cover is an illustration of African American analytical chemists Dr. Isiah M. Warner, Dr. Willie E. May, and Dr. James W. Mitchell, whose primary research careers have focused in the respective sectors of academia, government, and industry. These three authors have jointly written a Perspective, with each individual providing their views on parameters that have impacted their careers and their perceptions of the current and future status of African Americans in the overall science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) enterprise, and more specifically, analytical chemistry. The cover was created by artist Leah S. Metters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_24.txt,vith,2022_24.txt,Mid-infrared thin-film waveguides are promising key components for next-generation label-free chem/bio sensors in environmental analysis and medical diagnostics. Cover art created by Markus Sieger.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2016_14.txt,vitg,2016_14.txt,"This cover illustrates a protein labeling and analysis strategy that combines a highly selective, high-affinity multicyclic peptide with a bright fluorescent probe for the specific and sensitive detection and visualization of protein expression on human T cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_7.png,C,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"Understanding CdTe thin-film growth is essential to enhancing its efficiency in optoelectronic and solar cell applications. Here, we investigated the growth dynamics of CdTe homoepitaxial films on Cd- and Te-terminated (111) surfaces at various temperatures using molecular dynamics and time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo simulations with a machine-learning force field. The background image is generated using the OpenAI DALL-E program.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The patterns on the conveyor belt on the cover represent the four ALD growth schemes mentioned in the text, namely, ""The one step ALD method for growing TMD films"", ""PE-ALD growth of TMD films"", ""ALD selective growth patterns"", and ""The two-step ALD method for growing TMD films"".",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_20.txt,vith,2024_20.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_12.png,B,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,ave_2,31_7.txt,"With distinct surface and cave ecotypes, the fish Astyanax mexicanus is a powerful model to study the genetic basis of adaptation to new environments.
In this issue, Nicolas Rohner and colleagues summarize recent advances in A. mexicanus genetics and discuss how this model is yielding broader insights into the genetic
basis of adaptation and evolution. Image credit: Jennifer Idol/Stocktrek Images (Getty
Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_12.txt,groundtruth,40_12.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_3.txt,ave_1,29_3.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_1.png,B,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,of t-HC(S)SH,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,ave_2,2022_6.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_12.png,B,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: The study by Xiang et al. primarily focuses on data-driven lithium-ion battery degradation models. The cover
image incorporates an electric vehicle, a battery, and neurons representing deep learning,
indicating our use of a semi-supervised deep-learning method to empower the aging
modeling of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The gradient colors of the
battery imply its aging process. The authors would like to express gratitude to Qinxin
Li for creating the image.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.png,B,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Atomic manipulation, also known as probe chemistry, demonstrates remarkable capabilities in moving atoms and molecules on a surface and even promoting on-surface chemical reactions. This delicate tool, offered by scanning probe techniques, enables site-selective chemical reactions, allowing for the atomically precise imprinting and tailoring of π-magnetism in various nanographenes.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_10.png,C,"This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Nature Neuroscience, which made its debut in May 1998. In this month's editorial, we review the journal's history and how the field has developed in the past decade. To celebrate the occasion, we have collected some of our most notable publications on our blog, Action Potential. These papers will be available for free online during May. (p 521)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/11_8.txt,ave_1,11_8.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Mapping circuits for DBS
Within the enigmatic depths of an aquatic universe, divers use flashlights to reveal the hidden contours of an uncharted seabed that teems with wondrous vegetation. In an analogous exploration, Hollunder et al. describe how invasive brain stimulation delivered to deep-seated brain nuclei may act as a beacon. Using deep brain stimulation (DBS), they show that the frontal cortex can be segregated into distinct circuits that become dysfunctional in four different brain disorders. Their topographical map may shed light on more-precise brain-circuit therapeutics.
See Hollunder, et al.
Image and cover design: Barbara Hollunder. Cover Design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_10.txt,groundtruth,27_10.txt,"To understand the brain, theoretical and experimental approaches must be integrated to make sense of the enormous amount of existing data, and to guide future experiments. In this issue, we present a special focus on computational and systems neuroscience. Along with commissioned perspectives, the focus contains primary research articles featuring the best work presented at Cosyne, a meeting that brings together a diverse group of theoretical and experimental neuroscientists. Image of glass brain courtesy of Bret Lobree. (pp 1643-1656 and 1667-1711)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,val
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_2.png,D,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,vitg,2023_8.txt,Density functional theory calculations are used to probe the possibility of the formation of benzene from acetylene precursors on the surface of olivine dust particles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.txt,clip,2024_8.txt,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,vith,2023_10.txt,Tl+ added to birnessite in low Tl+/Mn doses triggers laminar to tunneled structure transformation via Mn(IV) reduction by water oxidation from the laminar birnessite.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,train
Current Biology,34_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_6.png,A,"On the cover: Sea robins are unusual fish that evolved leg-like appendages that they
use to “walk” along the seafloor. In this issue, two papers from the Bellono and Kingsley labs use sea robins to investigate the origins of novel traits. In the first paper,
the researchers discover that sea robins develop legs from fins using genes that are
also involved in human limb formation. In the second paper, the team describes that
sea robins specialize legs as sensory organs that detect chemicals and touch to find
buried prey. Image by Mike Jones (https://mikejonesdive.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_6.txt,groundtruth,34_6.txt,"On the cover: A Maori wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, demonstrating the ability of modern fishes to protrude their jaws. This ability
allows fishes to rapidly decrease the distance between their mouths and their prey.
In this issue, Bellwood and colleagues (pages 2696–2700) present a study of the evolution
of this remarkable capability. Over the last 100 million years, fishes have shown
a marked increase in jaw protrusion. Since the Cretaceous, the increase in jaw protrusion
was initially driven by a taxonomic restructuring of fish assemblages, with an increase
in the proportion of spiny-rayed fishes (Acanthomorpha), followed by an increase in
the extent of protrusion within this clade. By increasing the ability of fishes to
catch elusive prey, jaw protrusion is likely to have fundamentally changed the nature
of predator-prey interactions and may have contributed to the success of the spiny-rayed
fishes. These fishes are now the dominant fish clade in modern oceans. Image © João
Paulo Krajewski; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_5.txt,vith,25_5.txt,"On the cover: A day reef octopus (Octopus cyanea) is heading home after a foraging trip before sunset. In this issue, Chung et al.
(pages 97–110) reveal new insights into the complexity and evolution of octopus brains,
and how the neuroanatomy of different octopus brains is related to habitat and behavioral
ecology. This study shows that a deep-sea vampire squid (octopodiform) possesses a
smooth brain, which may be adapted to its slow pace of life in dark, cold waters.
In contrast, a diurnal lifestyle, a more complex habitat, and increased sociality
appear to have driven distinct changes in the brains of two reef octopus species,
including enlargement of the vision-related brain lobes and associated structural
folding. These findings provide a timely update to older literature on octopus neuroanatomy
using new technology and a firm grounding, allowing a non-anthropomorphic interpretation
of octopod behavioral abilities. Image by Tao-Jen Kuo; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_24.txt,vitg,32_24.txt,"On the cover: Albino (left) and wild-type (right) hummingbird bobtail squid (Euprymna berryi) hatchlings. In this issue, Ahuja et al. (pages 2774–2783) employed CRISPR to create
knockout lines for genes that produce pigment in the skin and eyes. The resulting
albino squid are nearly transparent, which enables researchers to visualize neuronal
activity in vivo. Image by Carrie Albertin and the MBL Cephalopod Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_12.txt,clip,33_12.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_3.png,B,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt,ave_2,31_10.txt,"Incorporating AI with protein corona studies in lipid nanoparticle research
could help to forecast novel or unexplored formulations that yield targeted coronas.
In
pages 1215–1217 of this issue, Behzadi and Mahmoudi discuss how these approaches
can create desired biological responses and pharmacokinetic profiles. Cover image
from Tina Hofmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,clip,31_5.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,vitg,31_11.txt,val
Science Immunology,9_91,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_91.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Gut Immunocytes Travel Far and Wide. The mammalian gut is a site where dietary antigens, the microbiota, and a wide array of different cell types interact with one another to produce effects both local and systemic. Galván-Peña et al. used Kaede photoconvertible mice and single-cell genomics to track immune cell migration from the colon to the rest of the body in both homeostatic and inflammatory contexts to help delineate how the gut mediates interorgan communication. This month’s cover illustration depicts Kaede immune cells as they photoconvert from green to red fluorescence after exposure to ultraviolet light in the colon, marking them as they travel to sites far beyond the gut. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_91.txt,groundtruth,9_91.txt,"ONLINE COVER Helpful Lung Liaisons. This month's cover is a confocal immunofluorescence micrograph of mouse lung tissue showing CD4+ T cells (magenta) tightly associated with B220+ B cells (cyan) in an inducible bronchus–associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) structure present 31 days after influenza infection. Swarnalekha et al. identified a BCL6-dependent subset of CD4+ T cells located within the iBALT that supports mucosal antibody production. This T cell subset, designated as resident helper T cells (TRH), is also the subject of a companion paper by Son et al. and a Focus commentary by Schattgen and Thomas. [CREDIT: N. SWARNALEKHA ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_55.txt,vith,6_55.txt,"ONLINE COVER Sugarcoated Vaccine. This month's cover illustration depicts the trimeric pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) found in an engineered nanoparticle vaccine construct. Swanson et al. describe the synthesis and preclinical testing of an RSV vaccine candidate consisting of eight of these pre-F spikes attached to a ferritin core. The magenta-colored branched glycans engineered onto the protein surface shield poorly neutralizing epitopes on pre-F, allowing antibody responses to focus instead on the known neutralizing epitopes indicated by red patches. [CREDIT: K. SWANSON ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_47.txt,vitg,5_47.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,val
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.png,A,SEM image of the ferrihydrite added to the radioiodine-contaminated sediment samples in the column sorption and transport experiments. The SEM image was taken by Odeta Qafoku (PNNL).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,ave_2,2023_10.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,test
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_4.png,C,"This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_5.txt,vitg,2023_5.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,Integration of plasma and materials exemplified through the interaction between the plasma streamer and materials.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"CO2 electrolysis driven by sustainable energy resources is an attractive way to close the carbon cycle and achieve carbon neutrality. This Account highlights recent advances in cathode materials design for CO2 electrolysis from room to elevated temperatures, with a focus on various strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,test
Trends in Cell Biology,34_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_11.png,B,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_7.txt,ave_1,26_7.txt,"Mitochondria play a crucial role in the regulation of ferroptotic cell
death. They are a major source of ROS, but also produce key metabolites to protect
the cells from lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. The cover illustrations shows
the metamorphosis of mitochondrial function from supporting cell survival following
oxidative damage to promoting ferroptosis and leading to cardiac damage. Cover
illustration by Sofia Ahola (www.sofiaahola.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_11.txt,groundtruth,34_11.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_38,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_38.png,A,"Metal atom encapsulated silicon cage superatoms (M@Si16) optimize electronic properties by satisfying both electronic shell closure and geometric filling. Group 6 metal encapsulation exceeds the 68-electron closed shell by 2 electrons. When deposited on a C60 substrate, these nanoclusters achieve +2 valency,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_38.txt,groundtruth,2024_38.txt,"This cover shows electrochemical gating of the molecular conductance of a redox-active osmium-containing molecular bridge, which is attached to the gold surface by direct gold—carbon bonding. Electrochemically gated electron transfer in an STM nanogap configuration is achieved for this metal—carbon contacted molecule. See Calvo and co-workers, p 2494.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_44.txt,clip,2010_44.txt,"electrocatalysts, solvents, and lithium salts deteriorates the redox kinetics in Li‒S chemistry. As visually illustrated in the cover art, a Lewis basic salt lithium iodide is introduced to “clip” the Lewis acidic sites and boost the performances of Li‒S pouch cells. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_20.txt,vith,2022_20.txt,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,val
Organic Letters,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_7.png,D,"The cover focuses on a type of biologically relevant substances, i.e., selenoamino acids, which can be easily obtained with complete stereocontrol by conjugate addition to a chiral dehydroalanine. The cover was designed, conceived, and created by Ella Maru Studio, Inc. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2021_19.txt,ave_1,2021_19.txt,"Zooming in on diverse, informative substrates:  Over time, reports on new synthetic methods in Organic Letters have included an increasingly large number of substrates. Often, these substrates are redundant and offer little to no mechanistic insight. This cover, accompanying an editorial from the Organic Letters Editor-in-Chief, highlights the desire to focus on substrates that are diverse and add significant understanding. Credit to Matthew C. Carson, University of Pennsylvania, for the cover artwork.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_12.txt,vith,2022_12.txt,"The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2019_18.txt,clip,2019_18.txt,This cover art illustrates that when,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_4.png,A,"Oocyte rejuvenation
In this issue, HaiYang Wang et al. show that oocytes from aged mice cultured within follicles from young mice improve their developmental potential. The cover shows reconstituted chimeric follicles in which granulosa cells interact with the oocyte through transzonal projections.
See Wang et al.
Image: HaiYang Wang, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling
In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation.
See Martínez Corrales et al.
Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Single-cell epigenetic age estimation
In this issue, a study by Trapp et al. introduces scAge, a computational framework that enables epigenetic age estimation at single-cell resolution. The new method can track the aging process in individual cells and its heterogeneity in tissue. Notably, scAge revealed a natural cellular rejuvenation event occurring during early embryogenesis. The issue cover features a cell, whose genome blends into the outline of a clock — its hands, denoting age, are driven by the CpG methylation patterns on the DNA.
See Trapp et al. and the accompanying News & Views by K. Lenhard Rudolph
Cover image: Tiamat Fox. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,"Accelerated aging in breast cancer
In this issue, a study from the LaBarge group shows that histologically normal tissue from young women who carry a germline mutation that confers a high risk of developing breast cancer show several signs of accelerated aging, such as the loss of cell lineage markers. Our issue cover features an immunofluorescent image of a mammary tissue section from a woman who carries a high-risk BRCA1 mutation, showing alterations in the proportions of canonical cell types (as defined by molecular markers of cellular identity) that are indicative of a loss of lineage fidelity.
See Shalabi et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Caruso and Tlsty
Image: Sundus Shalabi, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,val
ACS Catalysis,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_6.png,A,"Theory and experiment revealed important geometric and electronic effects of C60 in promoting the catalytic reactions by reversibly accepting and donating electrons to the adsorbed copper, resulting in the alternating formation of",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,All-inorganic noble-metal-free thiomolybdate anions anchor covalently and irreversibly to a range of oxide surfaces by undergoing a partial ligand displacement. We show that the heterogenized clusters act as stable and efficient light-driven hydrogen evolution co-catalysts when photosensitized by a semiconductor support (Cover design by Stephen Myakala).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_14.txt,vitg,2022_14.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_20.png,A,"Molecular plastics programming is reported as an effective prescriptive strategy for achieving programmable molecular-macroscopic correspondence. With each monomer envisioned as a divisible entity, constituted with building blocks (rigid, flexible, spacer coupling, linker), a set of guiding principles",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,Targeted induction of right- or left-handed double-stranded helical sense in chiral polyelectrolytes through selective choice of configuration in the chiral pendant and with an appropriate counteranion. Authors used Freepik for the cover design.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_18.txt,clip,2024_18.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,vith,2010_11.txt,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_22.png,B,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"a) Summarized study methodology. b) Schematics related to the motivation of this study, which is controllable intelligent microfluidic nanoparticle synthesis. c) Overview of the research methods:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_7.png,C,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,"Elemental iron is effective in simultaneous removal of co-existing TcVII and CrVI from contaminated streams when the Fe0/(CrVII + TcVI) molar ratio exceeds 106. Elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) inhibit Fe0 oxidation and removal of contaminants. This cover features work from Drs. Yelena Katsenovich, Florida International University, and Tatiana Levitskaia and Hilary Emerson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The original artwork was created by Nathan Johnson, an illustrator at PNNL.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,A range of cationic hydroxylated silicon oxide species are produced and their infrared (IR) spectra are,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_11.png,D,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"Ligands with multipotent profile binding with different targets, such as acetylcholine esterase, monoamine oxidase, and amyloid β: Multipotent ligands are expected to display neuroprotection and neurorescue potential along with reactive species inhibition activity for the effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_6.png,A,"Classification of T cell behavior
Tracking the trajectory of engineered T cells targeted against patient-derived cancer organoids reveals different patterns of behavior. Cancer organoids are displayed in white, and T cells with different behavioral profiles are displayed in different colors. Tracks from live confocal imaging are loosely traced by hand to portray the plasticity of T cell movement. See Alieva et al.
Image: Mario Barrera Román, Maria Alieva, Florijn Dekkers, The Dream3DLAB, Princess Máxima Center. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_6.txt,groundtruth,19_6.txt,"Probing the molecular context of proteins
This cover illustrates the applicability of the MAC (Multiple Approaches Combined)-tag system to probe the interactome and molecular context of the protein of interest. In this issue, Liu et al. describe a streamlined AP-MS and BioID protocol and a data analysis web tool that, together, provide an easy to way to interpret the subcellular distribution of any protein of interest.
See Liu et al.
Image: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio). Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_3.txt,vith,15_3.txt,"The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt,vitg,13_8.txt,"The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies.
See Walton et al.
Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_7.png,B,"Glassy learning
The physics that underlies the glass transition is both subtle and non-trivial. A machine learning approach based on graph networks is now shown to accurately predict the dynamics of glasses over a wider range of temperature, pressure and density.
See Bapst et al.
Image: DeepMind Technologies Limited. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_9.txt,vitg,16_9.txt,"Neutrinos probe quantum gravity
The existence of fluctuations in the metric of spacetime induced by quantum gravity would have an impact on neutrinos produced in cosmic-ray air showers. They would lose their quantum coherence, causing their flavour oscillations to change. The IceCube collaboration reports a search for this effect but finds no evidence for it, thus constraining the magnitude of anomalous decoherence from quantum gravity.
See IceCube Collaboration
Image: Alexa Nelson / IceCube. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"Charge on the bouncing barrier
In our understanding of planetary formation, it is still unclear how millimetre-sized dust grains grow into centimetre-sized aggregates. Microgravity experiments now show that electrical charging of the grains leads to the formation of larger clumps.
See Steinpilz et al.
Image: Tobias Steinpilz. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_11.txt,vith,16_11.txt,"Electrons in a fractal
Electrons are confined to an artificial Sierpiński triangle. Microscopy measurements show that their wavefunctions become self-similar and their quantum properties inherit a non-integer dimension between 1 and 2.
See Morais-Smith et al.
Image: Marlou Slot, Utrecht University. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_11.txt,clip,15_11.txt,train
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_1.png,C,"The cover art is an artistic rendition of α-helical proteins such as GPCRs as the major components, together with water molecules, long fibrous amyloids comprised by cross-α and cross-β structures, and high-order molecular assemblies to form waves and capsules. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2022_7.txt,vitg,2022_7.txt,"31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of phosphorus probe molecules with different sizes is a versatile approach to characterize the detailed acidic features, namely type, concentration, distribution, and strength of acid sites for both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2017_6.txt,vith,2017_6.txt,"Illustration of an electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM) that functions by moving mobile defects, such as protons, lithium ions, or oxygen vacancies, between the top (reservoir) and bottom (channel) electrodes made of various functional materials and connected by a solid electrolyte (middle, light blue). The mobile defects tune the electronic conductance through reversible redox reactions. Although ECRAM shares many fundamental aspects with rechargeable batteries, computing applications require many millions of devices, scaled down to sub-micrometer dimensions, while achieving reliable electronic-state tuning at scaled-up rates and endurances and with minimal energy dissipation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover depicts hydrogen release from a nanostructured metal hydride supported on a two-dimensional graphene sheet. Nanostructured materials significantly improve the reaction rates of hydrogen storage reactions, enhance the reversibility, reduce the enthalpy of formation, and lower the hydrogen absorption and release temperatures through destabilization and catalytic effects.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,test
Nature Mental Health,2_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_8.png,A,"ADHD in adulthood
The cover of the May issue uses a braid of several colorful threads woven together to symbolize some of the current thinking about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Adult ADHD is not well understood and, consequently, can be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. But recent work has attempted to identify the ways in which ADHD in adulthood may be both different from and similar to ADHD diagnosed in childhood by bringing many strands of research together. The braid also symbolizes the need for increasing the awareness of, reducing the stigma of and providing better treatment and multifactorial support for people with ADHD in adulthood.
Read more in our Editorial about the neurobiological basis of ADHD in adults and parental support and self-management in people with ADHD transitioning to adulthood.
Image and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_8.txt,groundtruth,2_8.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,"Youth mental health
Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of intense emotions and a crucial time for developing strategies for coping and processing emotions. In addition to facing normative developmental experiences, young people today are growing up in a time of great challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, gun violence and international conflict — all of which have negatively affected youth mental health. The cover for our August issue is deliberately moody and somber, reflecting the uncertainty of our times. Yet even in unexpected places, there is always hope. The shadow of a young person’s hand reaches for a bright poppy, often associated with the promise of a more peaceful future, depicting the need to continue to strive for a better world.
See our Editorial for more on the challenges facing youth mental health and some promising new research avenues.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.png,C,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,ave_3,2021_9.txt,Density functional theory + machine learning-based approaches are used to screen out suitable cathode hosts from a large number of MXenes for the optimum adsorption of possible intermediates in aluminum–sulfur batteries. AI was used partially in the creation of this cover graphic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,The screening of most suitable dual atom alloy catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to C1 and C2 products is accelerated implementing integrated density functional theory and machine learning methods.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,30_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/30_2.png,A,"To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune
system with cell-surface immune receptors acting as the first line of the defense
machinery. These receptors are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like
proteins (RLPs). RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream immune
signalling, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing RLPs constitutively associate
with
the RLK SOBIR1. The RLP/SOBIR1 complex was proposed to be the bimolecular
equivalent of genuine RLK receptors, but it appears that their molecular mechanisms
of
immunity show some striking differences. Wen R.H. Huang and Matthieu H.A.J. Joosten
summarize these differences, focussing on how these receptors recruit the BAK1 co-receptor
and elaborating on the negative crosstalk occurring between the two signalling
networks. The mirror symbolizes the complex relationship between RLPs and RLKs,
illustrating their structural similarities yet functional differences in immune responses.
Image credit: Alison Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/30_2.txt,groundtruth,30_2.txt,"A key plant response to drought is the accumulation of specific sets of metabolites,
which act as osmoprotectants, osmolytes, antioxidants and/or stress signals. An emerging
question is: How do plants regulate metabolism to balance the ‘competing interests’
between metabolites during stress? Recent research connects primary sulfur metabolism,
e.g. sulfate transport in the vasculature, its assimilation in leaves and the recycling
of sulfur containing compounds, with the drought stress response. On pages 18–29 Barry
J. Pogson and colleagues highlight key steps in sulfur metabolism that play significant
roles in drought stress signaling and responses. The authors propose that a complex
balancing act is required to coordinate primary and secondary sulfur metabolism during
the drought stress response in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/18_12.txt,clip,18_12.txt,"Light signals regulate a plethora of plant responses throughout their life cycle,
especially the red and far-red regions of the light spectrum perceived by the phytochrome
family of photoreceptors. However, the mechanisms by which phytochromes regulate gene
expression and downstream responses remain elusive. Shown on the cover are three recent
key discoveries about the role of phytochrome-mediated pathway regulators in the dark
and light reviewed on pages 641–650 by Enamul Huq and colleagues. (1) In the dark,
the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), which are located in the nucleus (here
represented by the house), function together with COP1–SPA complexes as repressors
for photomorphogenesis by degrading (‘attacking’) the positive regulator HY5. In the
light, (2) CUL4-COP1–SPA and CUL3-LRB-PHY both initiate rapid light-induced degradation
of PIFs to promote photomorphogenesis and (3) phytochromes directly interact with
SPA1 and reorganize the COP1–SPA interaction to inhibit COP1 activity (represented
by PHY holding hands with SPA and saying goodbye to COP1). Drawings for cover image
provided by Xiaosa Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_3.txt,vith,20_3.txt,"Two papers by Christoph-Martin Geilfus and colleagues and Muzammil Hussain, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and colleagues discuss the recent breakthrough discovery that stressed
plants emit various informative ultrasonic sound signals, which can be categorized
according to plant species, stress type, and stress severity. This unlocks a new path
into research of plant—environment interactions with multiple possibilities for future
applications. Image credit: Daniela Leitner (design) and Christoph-Martin Geilfus
(concept).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_4.txt,vitg,28_4.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.png,A,"The cover image illustrates the aluminum (Al) ion receptor ALR1 (Beacon Tower)that senses toxic aluminum ions, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS; smoke) generation and accumulation of STOP1 (commander),thereby activating organic acid anion (arrow) secretion to detoxify Al. See page 281–294 by Zhong Jie Ding et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,"The cover describes the famous story of Trojan horse in ancient Greek history. This story reflects how tumor-originated oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG, Trojan horse) enters vascular endothelial cells via its new transporter SLC1A1 (city gate). R-2-HG entry is accompanied by Na+(soldiers hiding in the Trojan horse) that triggers downstream events to enhance tumor angiogenesis. See page 638-658 by Xiaomin Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_6.txt,ave_3,32_6.txt,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,vitg,29_9.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_2.png,A,"BURP domain peptide cyclases (BpCs) represent a newly emerging class
of copper enzymes that catalyze the oxidative macrocyclization of peptides in plants,
offering exciting potential for advances in plant biochemistry and biotechnology.
In their
Opinion article, Hematian and Noyon discuss the recent breakthroughs in understanding
the sequence, structure, and function of BpCs, along with their proposed chemistry.
They offer potential mechanistic models and highlight critical structural aspects
that
could guide future research into BpCs' reactivity and catalytic mechanisms. Artwork
credit: Shabnam Hematian & M. Rafi ul O. K. Noyon",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes
valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis
integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable
chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light
to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146
of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative
catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_12.txt,vitg,5_12.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_1,1_5.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_8.png,D,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,vith,25_12.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,clip,31_1.txt,"This month Nature Medicine features a collection of articles focusing on regenerative medicine (pp 814–880). Cover image: ""My Life as a Hill"" by Pamela Goode",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_5.txt,vitg,20_5.txt,"Heatwave mortality
In this issue, Xi et al. use data from a cohort of Chinese adults 65 years of age and older to show that variables related to functional aging are more predictive of increased heat-related mortality risk than is age alone. The cover highlights both the rise in global temperatures, via the color transition, and the importance of identifying those populations most vulnerable to climate change in order to inform targeted adaptation strategies.
See Xi et al.
Image: Yan Dong, Lanxi Xiao, Qiong Wu and Xiuge Zhang, Tsinghua University; at-large designers, Xuezhen Jin and Dezun Ji. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_8.txt,groundtruth,30_8.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_9.png,A,Discarded human eye lens proteins post cataract surgery developed as thin films capable of ion conduction: potential applications as eco-friendly flexible solid polymer electrolytes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,A newly designed DNA aptamer switch (keyhole on door) can reconfigure when binding to lead ions (purple spheres). The aptamer switch (aptaswitch) is used to detect lead ions using the fluorescent signal obtained on reconfiguration (open aptaswitches on other side of door). Cover art designed and created by Arun Richard Chandrasekaran.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_2.txt,vitg,2022_2.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,vith,2018_6.txt,train
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.png,A,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,groundtruth,2022_2.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,ave_3,2022_3.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,clip,2021_1.txt,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,test
CELL RESEARCH,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.png,B,"The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details.
Designed by Yipin Wu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_8.txt,ave_3,31_8.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.txt,clip,35_2.txt,"The cover image illustrates the aluminum (Al) ion receptor ALR1 (Beacon Tower)that senses toxic aluminum ions, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS; smoke) generation and accumulation of STOP1 (commander),thereby activating organic acid anion (arrow) secretion to detoxify Al. See page 281–294 by Zhong Jie Ding et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.txt,ave_2,34_9.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_4.png,B,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,"Protein abnormal S-palmitoylation is associated with a variety of diseases, but rare effective S-palmitoylation inhibitors have been reported. Targeting the PATs and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,ave_1,2014_5.txt,"This cover highlights the simultaneous observation of unusual -1 and -2 ribosomal frameshiftings on a slippery mRNA , via a novel mechanomagnetic detection of magnetic DNA rulers and centrifugal forces.  Image Credit: Shoujun Xu",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_7.txt,vith,2017_7.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_10.png,D,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt,clip,31_11.txt,"On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies
that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation
at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto
and design is by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews
in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion.
Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt,ave_2,31_10.txt,"The rising threat of multi-drug resistant infections has brought
bacteriophage into the spotlight, with advances in sequencing technologies and genetic
engineering techniques enabling rapid development of engineered phage therapeutics.
In pages 326–338 of this issue, Schmitt and colleagues discuss applications of designer
phage containing recombinant gene payloads to enhance antimicrobial activity and
manipulate the microbiome. Cover image from Jason Whitley, Senior Instructional
Designer, BTEC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,test
Lab Animal,53_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_4.png,D,"Putting together genome puzzles
Assembling a genome is not unlike assembling a puzzle. As sequencing technologies continue to advance, genomic puzzles are becoming easier to put together. That’s facilitating the sequencing of many different animal species, some already common to the lab and others much more novel.
See Eisenstein
Image: Thanit Weerawan/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_8.txt,clip,48_8.txt,"Precision genome editing in zebrafish
DNA base editors are promising tools that can induce point mutations at desired sites in the genome. However, a major limitation in applying such systems is the prerequisite of a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence next to the target site. In a News and Views, Pratishtha Varshney and Gaurav Varshney discuss how SpRY-based DNA base editors, with highly flexible PAM recognition, greatly expand targetable sites in the genome and the possibilities for disease modeling in zebrafish.
See Varshney & Varshney,
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_1.txt,ave_3,51_1.txt,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,vith,53_10.txt,"Exon-skipping gene editing in marmoset
Many disease-related genes cause perinatal death in genetically altered homozygous nonhuman primates (NHP). As NHP resources are limited, efficient methods are necessary to create new genetic models. In a new Article, Sasaki et al. show that using Platinum TALEN gene-editing technology in oocytes is an effective method for producing genetically modified heterozygous marmosets by exon skipping.
See Sato et al.
Cover image: Perception7 / iStock / Getty Images Plus and Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_4.txt,groundtruth,53_4.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_406,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_406.png,C,COVER This week's issue features a  Perspective on how the neuropeptide VGF is involved in the mood-elevating effects of exercise and other stimuli. [Image: Jupiter Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_18.txt,vith,1_18.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that identifies transcriptional links between chronic pain, stress and depression. The image shows a person suffering from stress and depression. [Image: OcusFocus/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/10_471.txt,clip,10_471.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how day length modulates the behavioral effects of estrogens. [Image: J. Foxx/Getty Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_406.txt,groundtruth,2007_406.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how S-nitrosothiols limit signaling downstream of G protein–coupled receptors and thus could protect against ischemic injury in the heart. The image shows a man experiencing chest pains. [Image: Jeremy Sterk/iStockphoto],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_299.txt,vitg,6_299.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_2.png,A,"Phages and food addiction
Bacteriophages in the gut microbiome are shown to regulate food addiction traits by modulating tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism in the host. The image depicts bacteriophages attacking a bacterial cell.
See Castells-Nobau et al.
Image credit: MattLphotography / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"FASN cuts stress
In this issue of Nature Metabolism, Wei et al. identify a non-fatty acid synthesis function for FASN in suppressing diverse aspects of stress responses through a mechanism that involves FASN cleavage. Depicted are anesthetized C. elegans following stressful conditions.
See Wei et al.
Image: Hai Wei, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_12.txt,vitg,6_12.txt,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,vith,3_1.txt,"Untangling the central and peripheral GLP-1 signalling circuitry
Brierley et al. find that central and peripheral GLP-1 systems suppress eating via independent gut–brain circuits.
See Brierley et al.
Image: Guillaume de Lartique, University of Florida. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_11.txt,clip,3_11.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_3.png,A,"Respiration guides living materials
Graham et al. developed engineered living materials with controllable mechanic properties in response to environmental stimuli. This was achieved by programming bacteria (orange) embedded in the hydrogel matrix with genetic logic circuits to control the expression of MtrC (foreground), a membrane-associated protein that regulates the microbial respiration process.
See Graham et al. and Atkinson
Image: Ismar Miniel Mahfoud, The University of Texas at Austin; protein structure from PDB; PDB ID: 4LM8. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"The cover depicts numerous extracellular membrane vesicles associated with a long cellular process on a neural stem cell, imaged by a scanning electron microscope. Isolated extracellular vesicles were found to be metabolically active, and metabolomics analysis revealed the presence of asparaginase activity attributed to the enzyme asparaginase-like 1. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image generated by Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo and Clara Alfaro-Cervello. Article, p951; News &#38; Views, p924",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_4.txt,clip,13_4.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"The cover depicts an acidic patch of ubiquitin (purple) on a chromatin fiber (gray structure) displayed on a background showing cross-peaks from hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The image is based on PDB 1UBQ and EMD 2600 visualized with the program Chimera. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Galia Debelouchina. Article, p105",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_12.txt,ave_1,13_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_36,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_36.png,D,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,": Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: T. Sun et al., “Syngas Conversion to Aromatics over the Co2C‑Based Catalyst and HZSM‑5 via a Tandem System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00237); W. Peng et al., “Guanidine-Functionalized Amphiphilic Silica Nanoparticles as a Pickering Interfacial Catalyst for Biodiesel Production” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06097); and H. Yang et al., “Highly Efficient Production of 5‑Methoxymethylfurfural from Fructose in Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Amberlyst-15 Catalytic System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06392).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_42.txt,clip,2020_42.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: H. Zhou et al., “Synergetic Bimetallic NiCo/CNT Catalyst for Hydrogen Production by Glycerol Steam Reforming: Effects of Metal Species Distribution” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01258); X. Chen et al., “Lignocellulosic Biomass Upgrading into Valuable Nitrogen-Containing Compounds by Heterogeneous Catalysts” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01815); Y. Wu et al., “Light Color Dihydroxybenzophenone Grafted Lignin with High UVA/ UVB Absorbance Ratio for Efficient and Safe Natural Sunscreen” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06970); and T. Gao et al., “Base-Free Aerobic Oxidation of 5‑Hydroxymethylfurfural on a Ru(0) Center in Cooperation with a Co(II)/Co(III) Redox Pair over the One-Pot Synthesized Ru−Co Composites” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00937).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_14.txt,vith,2020_14.txt,high hydrogen permeable ZIF-8 membranes offer great application potential for extracting hydrogen from coke oven gas.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_36.txt,groundtruth,2024_36.txt,val
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_11.png,A,"Inflammasome scaffolds, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Adaptive and maladaptive myelination, inspired by the Review on p735.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_1.txt,clip,18_1.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,vith,20_10.txt,"HIV and the brain, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p424.
Cover design: P.Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_9.png,B,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, two papers by Barisic et al. and Deng et al. evaluate how mutations in components of the BAF complex lead to the development of
B cell malignancies. In the cover, Barisic et al. demonstrate that ARID1A is required
for continuous eviction of nucleosomes, facilitating the sequential binding of transcription
factors necessary for safeguarding germinal center B cell fate towards plasma cells.
The cover image symbolizes ARID1A as Sisyphus, exerting significant effort and energy
to push boulders uphill, analogous to the BAF complex and ARID1A using energy from
ATP hydrolysis for nucleosome eviction. Birds in the image symbolize the antibodies
produced by plasma cells when ARID1A effectively remodels nucleosomes. Credit: Art
by Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/27_3.txt,vith,27_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_10.png,B,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,vith,2018_6.txt,"The image shows electrohydraulic discharge plasma disinfecting pathogens in a field of green cruciferous vegetables under a clear blue sky, symbolizing sustainable agriculture. Oxygen and nitrogen molecule icons around the plasma indicate RONS production, with a healthy sprouting cabbage seedling to signify seed growth promotion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Enhancing the fertilization efficiency is a key aspect to make agriculture more sustainable and cope with the future food demand. In this work, we propose a green synthetic pathway to incorporate plant macronutrients (N and K) into bone-like calcium phosphate nanoparticles. These multinutrient nanofertilizers provide a slow and gradual release of macronutrients (NPK), resulting in a more efficient fertilization process. Encouraging results on wheat plants represent a further step toward a new dawn for precision agriculture.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2020_10.txt,vitg,2020_10.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,val
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_6.png,D,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,vitg,2023_5.txt,"Point-of-care (POC) manufacturing facilities enable an agile pharmaceutical production paradigm that can respond to localized needs, providing personalized and precision medicine. We employed a theoretical framework encompassing the production of active pharmaceutical ingredient ""inks"" at a centralized facility, which are distributed to POC sites for DoD dispensing into/onto delivery vehicles (e.g., orodispersible films, capsules, and single liquid dose vials).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,test
BDJ,237_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_5.png,A,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, virtual clinics, and polishing systems.

Cover image: From 2019. The BDA Museum series which inspired the cover on this current issue was a direct lookback and comparison with modern practice and was published in the second half of 2019. One item was an operating face mask from the 1920s, complete with its stylish box (from Vol 227 Issue 8, 25 October 2019). As the series drew to a close at the end of that year, no one had any notion whatsoever of the pandemic that was about to engulf us in 2020 when the use of personal protective equipment became such a crucial element of enabling continuing health care.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_5.txt,groundtruth,237_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,clip,228_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on experiences among volunteer dentists, integrated care, and diabetes and periodontitis.
Art ©Belmira Okoro, Image ©asbe/E+/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/231_10.txt,ave_2,231_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,val
Nature Climate Change,14_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_5.png,C,"Coral rapid adaption
Due to anthropogenically driven thermal heat stress, tropical coral species, including Porites lichen as shown on the cover, are in decline. Their survival is therefore dependent on the ability to adapt or acclimatise. The prospects for rapid adaptive responses, including the role of transgenerational plasticity, are discussed in this Perspective.
See Nature Climate Change 7, 627-636
IMAGE: GERGELY TORDA
COVER DESIGN: LAUREN HESLOP",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_4.txt,clip,7_4.txt,"Deoxygenation threatens reefs
Climate-change-associated ocean deoxygenation is a growing threat to marine ecosystems, including tropical coral reefs. In this issue, Pezner et al. use data from 32 coral reef habitats to demonstrate that hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions are already occurring on tropical coral reefs and that hypoxic event intensity, duration and severity will increase under continued ocean warming.
See Pezner et al.
Image: Yi Wei, National Sun Yat-sen University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_9.txt,ave_2,13_9.txt,"Debating coral futures
Coral reef bleaching is a common image of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. In this month’s issue, we feature three opinion pieces discussing the future of coral reefs, including the need to move beyond narratives of global loss and considerations over the costs and benefits of choosing active intervention pathways.
See Streit et al., Webster et al. and McClanahan
Image: Marianne Purdie/Moment/Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_5.txt,groundtruth,14_5.txt,"The breadth and depth of ocean change
Climate change impacts on global oceans are varied, far-reaching and severe. In our Editorial we discuss work featured in this issue of Nature Climate Change, which ranges from the surface to the ocean depths, through physical changes and biological impacts, and encompasses scales from the sub-cellular to the global.
See Editorial.
Image: Olena Holubova / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_3.txt,ave_1,12_3.txt,train
One Earth,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_5.png,B,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Our cities are growing hotter. An urban heat island effect, augmented
by climate change, is creating stifling and dangerous conditions in urban centers,
and cooling solutions are at a premium. Air conditioning units, the go-to solution,
are expensive, energy hungry, and can release problematic refrigerants. Ballyscanlon,
Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"On the cover: Decarbonizing cities could hold the key to the successful reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions. However, cities are complex, multifaceted entities. A
systems approach is needed to help identify patterns among the chaos. Credit: Mikhail
Derevyanov/EyeEm via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_6.txt,ave_2,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_3,5_7.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_2.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p203
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_9.txt,clip,22_9.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Inspired by the Perspective on p175.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_10.txt,vith,19_10.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.png,C,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This study determined the efficacy of  carotenes in modulating molecular targets in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AMD in vitro model. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a panel of 17 human cancer cells and non-cancerous human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were treated with carotenes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carotenes in modulating oxidative stress, and its underlying molecular targets were also studied using bioinformatic analyses through reactome pathway analysis and targeted cell-based reporter assays.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,vitg,2022_2.txt,"Optimizing brewing conditions to enhance probiotic viability in beer: Twenty-one lactic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic properties were tested for resilience against ethanol and hops, with certain strains thriving in Gueuze-style sour beer. Findings indicate that alternative methods are required to support probiotic viability in hopped beers. This cover image was created using Canva AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This research shows the high efficacy of wet ball milling for modifying rice starch structure and pasting behavior, which is insightful for designing cost-effective mechanical processes for rice starch-based foods.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_8.txt,vith,2021_8.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_6.png,B,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells
This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.
The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.
See Stranford et al.
Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,ave_1,8_9.txt,"Seeking antibiotics in the proteomes of extinct organisms
This issue highlights methods for spatial multi-omics at subcellular resolution, for the mapping of higher-order protein interactions, for studying the functions of non-coding regulatory elements, for interrogating sequence variation in antimicrobial peptides, for antimicrobial-peptide discovery by mining the proteome of extinct organisms, for reinforcing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and for the optogenetic stimulation of vagal nerves, to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
The cover illustrates that compounds with antibiotic properties can be discovered by mining, using deep learning, the proteomes of all available extinct organisms.
See Wan et al.
Image: Pix Videos | de la Fuente Lab. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly
This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions.
The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly.
See Gong et al.
Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.txt,vith,8_8.txt,"Patient-specific 3D-printed cardiac plugs
This issue highlights a personalized cardiovascular occluder made via 3D printing, a cloud-based machine-learning software for the prediction of CRISPR–Cas9 off-target effects, a stem-cell-based approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and engineered microbes for cancer chemoprevention.
The cover illustrates a 3D-printed personalized occluder for closing the heart’s left atrial appendage so as to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
See Robinson et al.
Image: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,val
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.png,D,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,clip,45_3.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,ave_1,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,groundtruth,45_12.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.png,D,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a colorless, flammable, reactive gas commonly used for sterilization and chemical manufacturing that has become a contaminant of concern for the U.S. EPA as a result of an assessment of its toxicity, which found that EtO is more potent than had been previously understood.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_5.txt,ave_3,2024_5.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_6.png,B,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,vith,29_10.txt,"Measuring organellar sodium ions
A DNA nanodevice measuring organellar sodium ion levels in lysosomes of living cells. Zou et al. developed RatiNa for imaging intracellular Na+ at single-organelle resolution.
See Zou et al.
Image: Junyi Zou and Bruna Di Giacomo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,clip,34_10.txt,"Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 25th anniversary
Nature Biotechnology celebrates 25 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business.
See Editorial
Image: Peter Crowther. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_10.txt,ave_2,39_10.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_8.png,C,"Formation of memory precursor NK cells
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess traits of adaptive immunity, such as memory formation. O’Sullivan and colleagues show that the transcription factor Fli1 has important roles in controlling the establishment of NK cell memory.
See O’Sullivan
Image Credit: Helena Pinheiro. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/23_9.txt,vitg,23_9.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"Regulating NK cell effector function
Li et al. identify the transcription factor MEF2C as essential for human natural killer (NK) cell function and viral immunity in mice and humans. This control is exerted by regulation of lipid metabolism, and deficiency in MEF2C can be overcome by supplementation with oleic acid.
See Li et al.
Image credit: Adalia Zhou, UCLA. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,NF-κB is the key transcription factor that orchestrates inflammatory responses and contributes to the development of the immune system. This month's focus features a series of specially commissioned review articles to mark the 25th anniversary of the discovery of NF-κB. http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/NF-kB/index.html Artwork by Lewis Long.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/12_5.txt,ave_0,12_5.txt,val
Nature Sustainability,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_3.png,A,"Ancient soil enrichment
Amazonian dark earth, rich soil resulting from ancient human land modification, has the potential to store substantial amounts of carbon, yet the number and size of Amazonian dark earth sites is unknown. Goldberg and colleagues develop a remote-sensing approach leveraging machine-learning classifiers to reveal its present extent.
See Goldberg et al.
Image: Bruno Moraes Puente Institute, (Nederland, CO, USA) and the Amazon Hopes Collective. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,"Tropical forest carbon loss
Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss.
See Feng et al.
Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_8.txt,clip,5_8.txt,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,"Forest subsidies in Chile
Given the benefits of forests, there are growing efforts to restore lost ones. This study finds that between 1986 and 2011, Chile’s forest subsidies encouraged expansion of plantations with exotic trees at the expense of native forest, likely reducing biodiversity and not increasing aboveground carbon storage.
See Heilmayr et al.
Image: Robert Heilmayr, University of California, Santa Barbara. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_4.txt,vith,3_4.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_6.png,B,"On the cover: Cells occupy a diverse range of single cell states. In this issue of
Cell Systems, a team from the Allen Institute for Cell Science (Gerbin et al., 670–687) classified
thousands of single cells to quantify the relationship between cell organization and
gene expression. Here, the diversity of cell organization and gene expression is shown
in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, where the sarcomere is labeled with alpha-actinin-2-mEGFP
(white). Cells are colored by the combined organizational score. Image credit: Thao
Do and the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/12_7.txt,ave_1,12_7.txt,"On the cover: An array of human kidney organoids patterned with precise control over
starting nephron progenitor number. Staining for podocytes (NPHS1, yellow), proximal
tubules (LTL, cyan), and distal tubules (ECAD, bright pink) demonstrates the capability
for more targeted self-organization of organoid tissues and structures. In this issue
of Cell Systems, Porter et al. use a DNA-based cell patterning technology to demonstrate that precise control over
the initial numbers and ratios of epithelial progenitors modulates tissue composition
and morphology in a human kidney organoid model. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_6.txt,groundtruth,15_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: What if each cell contained its own “experimentalist,” determining whether
to turn on GFP expression depending on the particular signaling dynamics it encountered?
In this issue of Cell Systems, Pavithran Ravindran, Jared Toettcher, and colleagues develop and validate synthetic
gene circuits, based on an incoherent feed-forward loop architecture, that selectively
respond to pulses of signaling activity. This opens the door for uncovering both the
underpinnings and implications of signaling dynamics. Image created by Oliver Hoeller
(www.oliverhoeller.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_11.txt,ave_2,13_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_12.png,B,"HIV and the brain, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p424.
Cover design: P.Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_6.txt,clip,19_6.txt,"Overlapping phenotypes, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"A global view of Alzheimer disease genetics, inspired by the Review on p261
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_8.txt,ave_1,19_8.txt,"Genetics of cerebral small vessel disease, inspired by the Review on p84.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_11.txt,vith,18_11.txt,train
BDJ,237_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_12.png,D,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, virtual clinics, and polishing systems.

Cover image: From 2019. The BDA Museum series which inspired the cover on this current issue was a direct lookback and comparison with modern practice and was published in the second half of 2019. One item was an operating face mask from the 1920s, complete with its stylish box (from Vol 227 Issue 8, 25 October 2019). As the series drew to a close at the end of that year, no one had any notion whatsoever of the pandemic that was about to engulf us in 2020 when the use of personal protective equipment became such a crucial element of enabling continuing health care.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_5.txt,vitg,237_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vith,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on experiences among volunteer dentists, integrated care, and diabetes and periodontitis.
Art ©Belmira Okoro, Image ©asbe/E+/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/231_10.txt,clip,231_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental anxiety, cardiothoracic surgery, and the very first of our new “Review” article type!

Cover image: From 2005. A dentist painting her view from the practice ‘window on the world’, inspired by the selected cover image as an artwork hanging on the surgery wall (original cover by Irfan Ahmad, taken from Vol 199 Issue 4, 27 August 2005). See ‘Behind the new cover series’ written by Stephen in the News and Views section for further explanation.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Irfan Ahmad",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_12.txt,groundtruth,237_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.png,C,"Modelling Alzheimer disease in a dish, inspired by the Review on p25.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_12.txt,clip,18_12.txt,"Mechanism-based drug development in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, inspired by the Review on p759.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_1.txt,vith,17_1.txt,"Spectrum of disease, inspired by the Review on p602.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"Single-cell technologies and brain disease, inspired by the Review on p346.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_7.txt,vitg,19_7.txt,val
Science Robotics,9_92,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_92.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Drones branch out. Continuous and systematic biomonitoring of natural environments could enable a better understanding of how the biosphere responds to environmental changes. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a useful tool for assessing biodiversity levels, particularly in forests. Aucone et al. report a drone that can autonomously land and sample eDNA on tree branches with different stiffnesses. This month's cover is a photograph of the drone resting on a branch. Credit: Gottardo Pestalozzi and Enrico Pestalozzi",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_74.txt,ave_2,8_74.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots in the Wild. Robots have been successfully deployed in a wide range of domains–including land, sea, air, and space–for a variety of applications such as search and rescue, oceanography, wildlife surveys, and space exploration. In this issue, Zhou et al. have developed a trajectory planner for swarms of micro drones that can be implemented using only an onboard computer. Their planner computes trajectories based on limited information from the drone's onboard sensors to enable collision-free flight in cluttered environments in the wild. This month's cover is a photo illustration of a swarm of micro-drones flying through a forest (see also the Focus by Soria).  Credit: Zhou et al./Zhejiang University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_66.txt,vitg,7_66.txt,"ONLINE COVER Robot Visual Trajectory Following. A bioinspired vision-based approach can enable small autonomous drones to follow routes over long distances. Van Dijk et al. developed a strategy for robot trajectory following that is inspired by desert ants to enable small drones to navigate without the need for high computational demands. The strategy combines odometry with highly compressed visual snapshots to record outbound flights with minimal memory consumption. Visual homing was then used on inbound flights to minimize the potential of drifting off course in autonomous drone navigation. This month’s cover shows a lightweight drone capable of visual route following to navigate in a forested environment. Credit: TU Delft, photo by Studio Oostrum",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_92.txt,groundtruth,9_92.txt,val
Cell Metabolism,36_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_10.png,A,"On the cover: Stress has a profound impact on gut disorders. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Wei et al. reveal that psychological stress enriches gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate,
which disrupts intestinal stem cell differentiation and triggers epithelial injury.
The depiction of rolling clouds and stirring stars, inspired by Van Gogh’s masterpiece
The Starry Night, represents restless emotions in a person with depression. The broken ground and
castle along the winding river illustrate injured intestinal epithelia. The involvement
of microbes and the metabolite is represented as ants on the broken door. Cover art
by Xiao Zheng and Haiping Hao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_10.txt,groundtruth,36_10.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,clip,31_6.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,vitg,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,ave_2,29_2.txt,val
ACS Engineering Au,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.png,B,Frontier orbital energies of small organic molecules can be represented using knowledge-based and struct,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_3.txt,clip,2022_3.txt,"This work presents the sustainable green solvent engineering for the synthesis of REWO (RE = Ce, Sm, Gd) nanoparticles, which are modified disposable screenprinted carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene in real-time analysis of water samples.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) has been extensively applied for NOx emission control, where the formation of the greenhouse gas N2O is an issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"Selective catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) exhibit low ethane and ethylene (C2) productivity due to their limited activity. More active catalysts, on the other hand, often suffer from a low selectivity, resulting in pronounced carbon oxide formation. In this work, we try to combine the best of both worlds in adiabatic layered packed-bed reactors, with an active catalyst upstream of a more selective one, as an optimal solution to enhance the C2 productivity in the OCM process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2021_2.txt,vitg,2021_2.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_47,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_47.png,D,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,"This cover shows electrochemical gating of the molecular conductance of a redox-active osmium-containing molecular bridge, which is attached to the gold surface by direct gold—carbon bonding. Electrochemically gated electron transfer in an STM nanogap configuration is achieved for this metal—carbon contacted molecule. See Calvo and co-workers, p 2494.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_44.txt,clip,2010_44.txt,The cover represents an artistic view of the dynamic equilibrium in which conjugated porphyrin dimers (endowed with suitable crown ethers) associate with two fullerene-based guest molecules (bearing ammonium salts) by means of supramolecular forces involving complementary ammonium-crown ether interactions and π−π interactions between the porphyrin rings and the C60 moieties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_5.txt,vith,2016_5.txt,LiFePO4–Li,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_47.txt,groundtruth,2024_47.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_12.png,D,"Aquatic diversity, inspired by the Reviews on p485 and p516.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_4.txt,vith,20_4.txt,"‘Empowering women in science; time for change?’, inspired by the Viewpoint on p547
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_3.txt,ave_1,19_3.txt,"Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Chemotactic sirens, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_12.txt,groundtruth,24_12.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_10.png,A,"Plasma membrane damage induces senescence
In this issue, Kojiro Suda, Yohsuke Moriyama, Nurhanani Razali and colleagues set out, using a genome-wide screen and gene-expression analysis in budding yeast, to better understand the cellular response to plasma membrane damage. The team discover that damage to the plasma membrane can limit replicative lifespan in yeast and induce senescence in human fibroblasts. The cover image shows kintsugi, the traditional Japanese art of repairing broken pottery by mending the cracks with urushi and gold. Kintsugi visibly incorporates the history of an object into its new form and thus transforms it. In this analogy, cell membrane damaged is repaired; however, rather than restoring the cell to its previous form, the new cellular nature is irreversibly changed and distinct from its previous state.
See Suda et al.
Image: Amy Cao. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,"Immune landscape in aging and frailty
In this issue, a study by Luo et al. reports blood immune cell profiles of newborn babies, young adults, and old adults with or without frailty syndrome. Combining cell-surface protein antibody-barcoded sequencing with single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing, the study reveals characteristics of immune cells in healthy old age and frailty. The issue cover features a drawing of people at different stages of life, from infancy to old age.
See Luo et. al and the accompanying News & Views by De Maeyer and Akbar
Cover Image: Wen Lei, Jinan University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_9.txt,vith,2_9.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,clip,4_12.txt,"Cellular and proteomic profiling of aging and COVID-19
In this issue, a new Resource article from the Artyomov group documents and compares the human peripheral immune cell subset and plasma proteome characteristics of normal aging, moderate and severe COVID-19 disease, and non-COVID-19 lung diseases. The cover design features paper artwork depicting human lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2 and a variety of blood cell types as profiled in this study.
See Arthur et al. and the accompanying News and Views by Montgomery et al.
Image: Eugene Mymrin / Moment / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_1.png,B,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,vitg,2023_18.txt,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,We have studied the reaction mechanism of the retaining glycosyltransferase ppGalNAcT2 using a combination of computational methods. The cover image shows the free energy surface calculated using metadynamics and a minimum free energy reaction path optimized using the string method. Both approaches yield a highly similar description of the reaction. The reaction proceeds from the reactant state (UDP-GalNAc + Thr; left) to the product state UDP + Thr-GalNAc; right) over a single barrier (transition state structure on top).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2016_1.txt,ave_2,2016_1.txt,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,clip,2023_22.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_6.png,D,"On the cover: As Cancer Cell celebrates 10 years of publishing groundbreaking cancer
research, we reflect on the dramatic progress that has been made. The previous decade
has witnessed leaps forward in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic
alterations in cancer cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the importance of the host in
tumor progression and therapy response. Experimental approaches such as RNA interference,
animal models, DNA sequencing, “omics,” and rational drug design have advanced tremendously
and greatly facilitated discovery. Several exciting new cancer therapeutics were approved
in the last decade. Encouraged by the achievements of the past decade, we look ahead
with excitement to the next 10 years of progress. Cover image by Scott Armstrong and
Eric D. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_12.txt,clip,40_12.txt,"On the cover: Casanova-Salas et al. demonstrate how the genomic and transcriptomic cargo within circulating extracellular
vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsies provides valuable insights into metastatic prostate
cancer outcomes and treatment responses and how this information could facilitate
the identification of biomarkers for guiding therapy switch decisions. The cover artwork
features an EV-lit traffic light, symbolizing the important role that circulating
EVs could play in the trafficking of clinically actionable information. Image credit:
Carlos Córdoba Terreros.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_3.png,D,"Networks of notches in nanocomposite sheets prevent unpredictable local failure and increase the ultimate strain of the sheets from 4% to 370% without affecting their electrical conductance.
Letter p785
IMAGE: MATTHEW SHLIAN
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/14_5.txt,vitg,14_5.txt,"Heteroepitaxial growth using aligned crystalline substrates allows extended metal–organic framework crystal growth oriented relative to the substrate.
Article p342; News & Views p283
IMAGE: KENJI OKADA, KEN IKIGAKI, MASAHIDE TAKAHASHI AND PAOLO FALCARO
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_10.txt,clip,16_10.txt,"2D material-wrapped Janus particles
Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles.
See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang.
Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt,vith,17_2.txt,"Phase engineering of 2D materials
A strategy of on-device phase engineering of two-dimensional materials is proposed, allowing the in situ realization of various lattice phases with distinct stoichiometries and versatile functions.
See Liu et al.
Image: Chaoyang Zhao, independent artist, and Junjie Shan, Nanjing University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_3.txt,groundtruth,23_3.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_7.png,A,"On the cover: Dual targeting of proteins (orange and blue) on the same cell surface
via bispecific antibodies (pink beige) holds great therapeutic promise with novel
modes of action that are rapidly advancing towards the clinic. Oslund et al. review the therapeutic impact of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies (pink beige)
in the clinic and their emerging applications and highlight features for enhancing
cis-targeting bispecific therapeutic development. Cover art created by Yi Zheng (yizhengillustration).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,clip,31_5.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,ave_1,31_4.txt,test
Nature Microbiology,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/10_2.png,D,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,vitg,9_5.txt,"Microbiome predicts potato growth potential
Pictured is an aerial image from a drone-mounted camera of a potato trial field. In this issue, Song et al. show that time-resolved drone imaging of potato crop development and seed tuber microbiome data can be used to predict potato vigour, or growth potential.
See Song et al.
Image: Elisa Atza, Technical University Delft. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_5.png,B,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,vitg,7_1.txt,"Studying accretion in extreme regimes
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer has observed renowned Galactic X-ray binary Cygnus X-3, receiving photons reflected from the accretion funnel around the compact component. Accretion occurs at super-Eddington rates; the apparent luminosity makes Cygnus X-3 an ultraluminous X-ray source.
See Veledina et al.
Image: Alexander Mushtukov, University of Oxford (alexander.mushtukov@physics.ox.ac.uk). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"A crescent-shaped heliosphere
3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the heliosphere is not elongated and comet-like, but rather has a smaller crescent-like shape. The model agrees with observations obtained by Cassini, New Horizons, and the two Voyager spacecraft.
See Opher et al..
Image credit: Merav Opher, Boston University Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/4_6.txt,clip,4_6.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.png,B,"TGFβ in heart disease, inspired by the Review on p435.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_6.txt,ave_3,19_6.txt,"Stress and cardiovascular disease, inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"Noise pollution and cardiovascular risk, inspired by the Review on p619.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_4.txt,clip,18_4.txt,"Cardiovascular involvement in long COVID, inspired by the Review on p314.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_8.txt,vitg,19_8.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,57_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/57_1.png,D,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,ave_1,55_7.txt,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,clip,56_7.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Blood DNA virome in COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases
Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases associates endogenous HHV-6 and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk.
See Sasa et al.
Image: Itsuki Kitayama, STUDIO BIUM. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/57_1.txt,groundtruth,57_1.txt,train
One Earth,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_1.png,C,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"On the cover: This year marks the completion of the first-ever Global Stocktake (GST)
of the Paris Agreement. While the GST has confirmed what is already known—progress
is thus far inadequate—it has also paved the way for ratcheted-up climate ambition.
On the cover, we feature art from Alisa Singer highlighting the potential for a realized
clean-energy transition. Entitled “Scaling up renewables is feasible” from her series,
“Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change,” the piece illustrates the recent
US precedents for natural gas and solar/wind expansion, indicating the feasibility
of ambitious buildout of large-scale renewable energy to meet the US 2035 carbon-pollution-free
power-sector target. This artwork is based on Figure 5 from the “The 2035 Report.”
Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_4.txt,ave_3,6_4.txt,train
Immunity,57_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_7.png,B,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Billipp et al. report the identification of a circuit wherein, upon detection of helminth infection,
tuft cells secrete acetylcholine that acts on neighboring epithelial cells to stimulate
chloride secretion. This then promotes the “weep” response and restricts helminth
infection, independently of other type 2 cells. The sentinel and effector functions
of epithelial tuft cells in host defense in the intestine are illustrated in the form
of Roman soldiers, where the apical “tuft” of microvilli are the plume on the centurion’s
helmet. An accompanying paper by Ndjim, Gasmi, Herbert, et al. reports similar findings.
Cover image by Lauren Hostette.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_7.txt,groundtruth,57_7.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: Establishment of long-lasting immunity depends on the generation of
germinal centers (GCs), microanatomical sites in which B cells improve their antibody
affinity over time. Pathogenic encounter and systemic inflammation, such as during
Salmonella Typhimurium infection, can compromise pre-existing GC reactions. In this issue, Biram et al.
(pages 442–458) show that disruption of GC reactions during bacterial infection depends
on the recruitment of Sca-1+ monocytes; GC B cells were incapable of adapting to the
metabolic alterations imposed by monocyte recruitment into lymphoid organs during
systemic inflammation. The mark left on host immunity by Salmonella Typhimurium interference of the antibody-mediated immune response is illustrated as a bacterium
(orange) in the context of disrupted GCs within Peyer’s patches. The background illustration
was designed based on GC visualization in the Peyer’s patches of mice infected with
S. Typhimurium. Bacterium figure was hand-drawn, inspired by electron microscopy images of S. Typhimurium. Image by Nitzan S. Biton and Adi Biram.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/55_10.txt,ave_2,55_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.png,A,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Modelling Alzheimer disease in a dish, inspired by the Review on p25.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_12.txt,vitg,18_12.txt,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.txt,clip,21_2.txt,"Cholesterol in neurological disease, inspired by the Review on p583.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.png,B,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,The pyrene-appended Fe(III) complex detects L-arginine compared to other amino acids via TURN-ON fluorescence through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process. This graphic was created using Freepik’s AI Tool.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,train
One Earth,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_4.png,C,"On the cover: This year marks the completion of the first-ever Global Stocktake (GST)
of the Paris Agreement. While the GST has confirmed what is already known—progress
is thus far inadequate—it has also paved the way for ratcheted-up climate ambition.
On the cover, we feature art from Alisa Singer highlighting the potential for a realized
clean-energy transition. Entitled “Scaling up renewables is feasible” from her series,
“Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change,” the piece illustrates the recent
US precedents for natural gas and solar/wind expansion, indicating the feasibility
of ambitious buildout of large-scale renewable energy to meet the US 2035 carbon-pollution-free
power-sector target. This artwork is based on Figure 5 from the “The 2035 Report.”
Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_4.txt,ave_2,6_4.txt,"On the cover: This painting, and others in this series by John Sabraw, is inspired
by satellite imagery, dynamic flows of waterways, and the poetic beauty of complex
ecosystems. Sabraw incorporates sustainably sourced pigments that are extracted in
the process of remediating streams polluted from acid mine drainage from coal mining.
His collaborative team of engineers and environmentalists separate iron oxide pollutant
from clean water and transform it into safe and sustainable artist's pigment. As the
climate crisis continues to escalate, Sabraw's work offers an inspiring combination
of action, activism, and art that reminds us that there are many ways to make a difference.
For more of Sabraw's work, please visit https://www.johnsabraw.com/.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_11.txt,ave_1,5_11.txt,"On the cover: This month’s cover features The Role of Carbon Dioxide Removal from the series “Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change.” This artwork
is based on a figure from the United Nations Emission Gap Report 2017, which illustrates
the emission reductions from conventional mitigation technologies combined with carbon
dioxide removal (the black curve), against a business-as-usual scenario (the blue
curve), to keep global warming below 2°C relative to pre-industrial levels (with at
least 66% chance). Global net emissions levels turn to net zero and afterwards net
negative by the end of this century. Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_12.png,B,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines how single cells transition from one to many to exist within a community.
We also examine the benefits and challenges associated with living within a community.
Cover image from iStock/kpalimski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/25_8.txt,vith,25_8.txt,"The design of the cover image is based on Newton's cradle, which
is demonstrative of the conservation of momentum and energy. It is essential to
understand how microbes interact, assemble, and persist within microbial communities.
In the context of abundant and diverse commensal microbes in the host, enterococci,
as depicted as the lifted and released ball, drive the proliferation, pathogenicity
or
persistence of representative pathogens such as S. aureus, C. difficile and E. coli via metabolic cross-feeding, upregulation of virulence and biofilm formation, thus
influencing the progression of bacterial infections and affecting treatment options.
This
driving role of enterococci in polymicrobial infections is the subject of the review
by Xu
and colleagues. Image courtesy: Kui Zhu and Wenjiao Xu",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"On pages 522–531, Stephanie Jones and Marie Elliot discuss the newly discovered explorer
cells in Streptomyces. Exploration in Streptomyces allows for rapid movement over a surface and occurs when there is a low level of
glucose. Cover image from iStock/hh5800.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/25_6.txt,clip,25_6.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_6.png,B,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,vith,6_1.txt,"Mechano-metabolic programming of myeloid cells restricts tumor immunity
TGFβ-induced collagen deposition and metabolic programming of tumor-associated macrophages restricts the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells in the breast cancer microenvironment.
See Tharp et al.
Image: Mary Kate Hayward. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"Stromal heterogeneity unraveled
Unravelling the dynamic changes in cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations during breast cancer progression.
See Friedman et al..
Image: Genia Brodsky & Scherz-Shouval lab, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"Targeting tumor vascularization
De Palma and Hanahan outline the latest advances in understanding tumor angiogenesis and discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting tumor vascularization.
See De Palma and Hanahan
Image: Mohammed Elamine ALIOUI / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_7.txt,clip,5_7.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2025_1.png,A,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,ave_3,2024_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.png,C,"There’s something fishy here, inspired by the Review on p263.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_8.txt,clip,20_8.txt,"COVER: Slaying the senescent dragon, inspired by the Review on p340.
Cover design: David Johnston; cover concept: Liqin Wang.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_7.txt,vith,22_7.txt,"Thriving in an inhospitable environment, inspired by the Review on p448.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.txt,groundtruth,24_6.txt,"Modifications light up RNA, inspired by the Review on p303.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_7.txt,ave_1,20_7.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_7.png,B,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,clip,29_4.txt,"A Nian beast (proinflammatory PD-1+ T cells) wreaks havoc in the village (a metaphor for atherosclerosis, AS) on New Year's Eve. A man, dressed in red, ignites firecrackers (FcgR-binding anti-PD-1 mAb), preventing the Nian beast from causing trouble in the village (the shrinkage of AS plaques). See page 407–427 by Lin Fan et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_7.txt,groundtruth,34_7.txt,"The cover image illustrates the Lugou Bridge, which is one of the most famous scenic spots and the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. The stone lions carved above the stone guardrail are in different shapes, just like the heterogeneous fate choices of hemogenic endothelial cells on the way to become hematopoietic stem cells. See page 448–463 by Jun Xia et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_7.txt,ave_2,33_7.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,ave_1,29_9.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_10.png,B,"Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the
neocortex. On pages 141–151, Matthew Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the
cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting
a powerful operating principle of the cortex. The cover image shows layer 5 neocortical
pyramidal cells from different regions of the cortex coding for orientation, color
and form (of a tiger) while receiving feedback input (context) to the dendrites. An
artist's impression of a dendritic spike is shown in one of the pyramidal cells. Cover
design: Thomas Splettstoesser. Credit for the cloud image: Chris Schwarz (Shutterstock.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_10.txt,clip,36_10.txt,"Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system
(CNS). Emerging evidence highlights the roles of homeostatic microglia in regulating
neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating
behavior. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Shunyi Zhao, Anthony Umpierre,
and Long-Jun Wu review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through
synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and influencing
behavior in adult mice. The cover features a 3D reconstructed two-photon image of
microglia (blue) interacting with cortical excitatory neurons and apical dendrites
(red).
The cover image was acquired and processed by Shunyi Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_10.txt,groundtruth,47_10.txt,"Neural circuit function depends upon the precise composition and interconnectivity
of diverse cell populations. As conceptualized by the cover image, elucidating the
mechanisms governing circuit development and remodeling will provide researchers with
a blueprint for understanding both normal and pathological brain function. In this
Special Issue of Trends in Neurosciences all articles are devoted to providing an
overview of the latest research into the assembly and refinement of neural circuits.
Topics covered range from transcriptional control of cell fate and molecular control
of synapse assembly to circuit remodeling following learning, injury or disease. Cover
image: iStockphoto/roccomontoya",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/37_3.txt,vith,37_3.txt,"On The Cover: In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Jay Schulkin and Peter Sterling review recent evidence for allostasis, the efficient, anticipatory regulation of physiology. The brain predicts what will
be needed and, via myriad descending control mechanisms, including hypothalamus and
cerebral cortex, directs the neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system (see
cover) to deliver what is needed—just enough, just in time. This system minimizes
costly errors that need correction by feedback, i.e., homeostasis. Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system, license type CC BY 3.0.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_3.txt,vitg,42_3.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_5.png,B,"The role of static versus dynamic stresses in earthquake clusters is unclear. Analysis of earthquakes triggered by a dyke intrusion at an Icelandic volcano unambiguously demonstrates that static stresses are important for earthquake clustering. The image shows the Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland on 2 September 2014.
Letter p629
IMAGE: BOB WHITE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_5.txt,vitg,8_5.txt,"Mapping Antarctica’s vegetation
Satellite-based mapping of vegetation shows that photosynthetic life occupies a total area of 44.2 km2 across Antarctica. This drone image reveals a striking landscape mosaic of mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria covering ice-free areas of Robert Island, Antarctica — one of the most densely vegetated regions identified in the continent-wide mapping effort.
See Walshaw et al.
Image: Andrew Gray, Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_5.txt,groundtruth,17_5.txt,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,clip,13_2.txt,"Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012.
Letter p122
IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt,ave_2,8_11.txt,val
Trends in Plant Science,29_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_4.png,C,"Two papers by Christoph-Martin Geilfus and colleagues and Muzammil Hussain, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and colleagues discuss the recent breakthrough discovery that stressed
plants emit various informative ultrasonic sound signals, which can be categorized
according to plant species, stress type, and stress severity. This unlocks a new path
into research of plant—environment interactions with multiple possibilities for future
applications. Image credit: Daniela Leitner (design) and Christoph-Martin Geilfus
(concept).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_4.txt,vitg,28_4.txt,"The reviews in this issue are focussing on new emerging trends within the maturing
field of plant systems biology. In one of the reviews, on pages 212–221, Seung Yon
Rhee and Marek Mutwil introduce computational and statistical approaches and omics
data used for inferring gene function in plants, with an emphasis on network-based
inference. The authors also discuss caveats associated with network-based function
predictions such as performance assessment, annotation propagation, the guilt-by-association
concept, and the meaning of hubs. Finally, the authors note the current limitations
and possible future directions such as the need for gold standard data from several
species, unified access to data and tools, quantitative comparison of data and tool
quality, and high-throughput experimental validation platforms for systematic gene
function elucidation in plants. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Most high-yielding crops are susceptible to abiotic and biotic stresses,
making them vulnerable to potential effects of climate change. A possible alternative
is
to accelerate the domestication of wild plants tolerant to harsh conditions and enhancing
their yields. However, competition between wild progenitors and newly domesticated
plants may reduce yields. To address this, Pedro M.P. Correia, Javad Najafi, and Michael
Palmgren propose using gene-editing to introduce traits into de novo domesticated
crops and make them visually distinct for weeding robots. By precise editing of key
genes for architectural traits and pigment accumulation, the plants' colors can be
altered. Manipulating these pivotal genes would significantly enhance the accuracy
of
discriminating between newly domesticated crops and their wild counterparts. Advanced
weeding robots could then be trained through machine learning methods to recognize
such signature traits. Image credit: Vibha Duraikkannan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_4.txt,groundtruth,29_4.txt,"Increasing evidence shows that many RNAs are targeted to specific locations within
cells, and that RNA-processing pathways occur in association with specific subcellular
structures. Therefore methods that allow the visualisation of RNA sequences within
a cellular context, and preferably at subcellular resolution, can help to answer important
questions in plant cell and developmental biology. On pages 196–203 Karl J. Oparka
and colleagues summarise approaches currently available for localising RNA in vivo
and address the specific limitations inherent with plant systems. Cover image provided
by Nynne Christensen (Tobacco trichome microinjected with genomic RNA of TMV. The
RNA, covalently labelled with a red fluorescent dye, forms granules that attach to
the actin–ER network. Also shown: chloroplast autofluorescence [blue] and the ER labelled
with a GFP fusion protein [green]). Cover design SCB.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/15_9.txt,ave_2,15_9.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_2.png,C,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,"This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis.  Image credit: Benyin Zhang",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt,ave_2,2017_6.txt,"Fluorescently labeled neutrophils (green) migrate from the blood island toward a tissue lesion generated by irradiating a small area of the fish with light, causing the production of cytotoxic radicals via activation of a photolatent BAPO compound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"screening of 41716 compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identifies pre-clinical anticancer mycotoxins chaetocin and chetomin as potent inducers of novel nuclear metal homeostasis protein NUMR-1/2 in the alimentary canal.  Chaetomiaceae fungi and C. elegans inhabit similar environments, raising the possibility that NUMR-1/2 functions as a resistance mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_391,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_391.png,D,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_579.txt,clip,12_579.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how, in addition to promoting translation, the kinase AKT also stimulates protein synthesis and cell growth by enhancing ribosome biogenesis. The image shows a ribosome translating a messenger RNA into protein. [Image: Peter Arnold, Inc./Alamy]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_188.txt,vith,4_188.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows how inherited variations in mitochondrial DNA sequence, which correlate with the production of reactive oxygen species, shape gut microbiome species diversity in mice. The image is a scanning electron micrograph of a newborn baby's gut bacteria. [IMAGE: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_588.txt,vitg,12_588.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on ubiquitination of the estrogen receptor by the BRCA1 complex. The image depicts a model of BRCA1 involvement in estrogen receptor ubiquitination. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_391.txt,groundtruth,2007_391.txt,val
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_5.png,C,This front cover depicts how machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly being applied to large environmentally relevant datasets for deciphering complex environmental relationships.  The information uncovered and insights gained in system variables and behaviors help science discovery and solution advancement for environmental protection and sustainable development.  ES&T is actively publishing transformational papers in this developing area of data science in environmental science and technology.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2022_11.txt,clip,2022_11.txt,This ES&T special issue presents new research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from some of the leading experts in the field.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_11.txt,vitg,2021_11.txt,This cover art showcases efforts to monitor CO2 emissions through the effective integration of multiple satellite measurements. It highlights an independent method for tracking progress in climate change mitigation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Each year, ES&T selects exceptional papers from the previous year in the categories of Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Policy, and Feature Articles for special recognition. This cover salutes the Best Papers of 201",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2019_18.txt,vith,2019_18.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_2.png,A,"This figure shows materials being ""scanned"" by AI, as our method applies an AI-based filter to assess prediction reliability of AI-based regression models. The depicted structures are from the COD database (CC0 license) and were processed using the Avogadro software. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,p 2666.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2011_3.txt,vitg,2011_3.txt,", Z. Liu, and R. Wang, 2010, Vol. 50, Issue 9, pp 1682–1692.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2011_10.txt,clip,2011_10.txt,"We developed a new computational approach, EDES, based on enhanced-sampling MD simulations on a new set of collective variables. A key feature of EDES is the ability to generate “coconut-like” conformations of the binding site, that is relatively shrunk but accessible by ligands due to correct orientation of protein sidechains. EDES is able to enhance the sampling of druggable (including holo-like) conformations for proteins undergoing minor to large conformational changes upon ligand binding.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2019_9.txt,vith,2019_9.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.png,D,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,vitg,2023_2.txt,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,groundtruth,2023_6.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_1.png,B,"On the cover: The presentation of the CD44 variant (CD44v) licenses cancer cell (car)
to receive a supply of Cysteine (Cys) through the xCT cystine transporter (salesclerk).
CD44v stabilizes xCT at cell surface and thereby increases the intracellular amounts
of Cys for the synthesis of major antioxidant glutathione. Such CD44v-mediated antioxidative
action protects cancer cells from high levels of ROS in the tumor microenvironment.
See Ishimoto et al., 387–400. Artwork by Emi Kosano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,"On the cover: Yang et al. reveal a mechanism of immune evasion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and suggest
the strategy of combining CD155 blockade with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The cover image
shows a cuckoo chick in a host bird’s nest, symbolizing CD49f+ TICs within the tumor microenvironment. The host bird represents neutrophils, attracted
to the cuckoo through its mimicry of the host’s calls, similar to how TICs release
CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils. The host then invests resources to feed the cuckoo,
paralleling neutrophils secreting CCL4 to support TIC survival. As the cuckoo matures,
its feathers (representing CD155) help it blend in and evade predators like the snake,
which symbolizes CD8+ T cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: With the festive red and gold theme of this cover, the Cancer Cell editorial team celebrates the new year and kicks off the celebration of Cancer Cell’s 20th anniversary, which will span 2022 with many exciting articles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_12.txt,vith,40_12.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_19.png,D,"Excited-state aromaticity, the reversal of ground-state aromaticity, can provide direct insight into excited-state properties. Recent verification for the excited-state aromaticity and new effective experimental strategies are discussed in this Account. See article by Dongho Kim and co-authors (10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00629). Cover art by Youngjae Kim.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_7.txt,vith,2018_7.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,"The events occurring upon electron ionization span across 12 orders of magnitude in time, leading to the generation of numerous product ions detected by the mass spectrometer. Time-resolved measurements are helping scientists understand fragmentation patterns better and potentially impacting applications based on electron-initiated chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.png,A,"From the need for better preclinical models of disease to the use of new
technologies that can recapitulate the complexity of living systems, our approach
in
studying metabolic diseases is constantly being refined. This month, we focus on the
issue of modeling metabolism: our authors reflect on novel methodological approaches
in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders and provide new frameworks to
address some of the current questions in diabetes, obesity, liver disease, cancer
metabolism and host-microbiome homeostasis. Our cover depicts this variety of
perspectives as building blocks of different colors and sizes that together contribute
a more comprehensive model of metabolism. Artwork credit: modified from Jobalou/
Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.txt,groundtruth,35_7.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,vitg,27_4.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,17_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/17_2.png,A,"Four-electron reduction of benzene
The reduction of benzene by molecular complexes remains a significant synthetic challenge, and it typically requires harsh reaction conditions involving group 1 metals. Now, a team led by Mathew Anker and Laurent Maron has shown that a highly polar organometallic samarium alkyl complex enables the four-electron reduction of benzene without the need for a group 1 metal. An artistic rendering of this reaction is pictured on the cover.
See Anker, Maron et al.
Image: Matthew Evans, Monash University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/17_2.txt,groundtruth,17_2.txt,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,vith,7_10.txt,"The magnetic properties of single-molecule magnets generally originate from a superexchange mechanism in which the spin states of two neighbouring metal ions couple to one another. Now, Long and co-workers have shown that a mixed-valence divanadium cluster with a bridging imidazolate ligand - shown on the cover of this issue - possesses a high-spin ground state that arises from a double-exchange mechanism based on electron delocalization. The versatility of imidazolate ligands in generating coordination complexes suggests that this could be a promising approach for producing a range of magnetic molecular materials. Cover image courtesy of Jeffrey D. rinehart.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p362
News & Views p351",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_8.txt,clip,2_8.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_6.png,B,"The cover illustrates the enlightenments gained on the development of earth-abundant Cr(III)-based emitters using bis(imidazolyl)-chelates. Those later enabled the preparation of the first homoleptic tris(didentate) Cr(III) compounds with a 6-membered ring chelate. This class of complexes was dominated so far by their 5-membered chelate rings counterparts (e.g., phenantroline, bipyridine).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_45.txt,ave_2,2024_45.txt,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,The cover art shows the synthetic process of AB2-type arsines through benzodithiaarsole. This is an effective synthetic method because it is based on the abundant resource As2O3. A wide variety of arsenic ligands are now available as a result of this study.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2022_8.txt,clip,2022_8.txt,The cover illustrates the use of different acetylpyridine ligands in the design of two new cyanido-bridged Fe(II)−Ag(I) coordination polymers displaying thermally- and photo-induced spin crossover. The choice of the acetylpyridine ligand is the key to the observed properties. Cover art designed by Jezreel Parra and Carlos Cruz.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,val
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.png,D,"Key advances in endocrinology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p71
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,"How to manage iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency, inspired by the Review on p209.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_9.txt,vith,20_9.txt,"COVER: Modelling endometrial diseases, inspired by the Review on p727.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_1.txt,ave_1,18_1.txt,"The ageing thyroid, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,val
Nature Metabolism,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_10.png,C,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Vascular nutrient acquisition signals
Ong et al. demonstrate how YAP/TAZ and mTORC1 signalling intersect in endothelial cells to regulate nutrient acquisition and vascular growth. The cover depicts a mouse retina, labelled for PECAM (cyan), VE-cadherin (grey) and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (red), indicating high mTORC1 signalling in angiogenic endothelial cells of the growing vascular network.
See Ong et al.
Image: Dr. Marco Castro, Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"Bone-to-brain crosstalk
Bone-derived sclerostin accelerates the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by deregulating the Wnt–β-catenin signalling pathway in the brain. The image is a staining of the enzyme β-secretase (essential for AD pathogenesis) in a hippocampus section from a mouse model of AD.
See Shi et al.
Image: Baosheng Guo, Nanjing University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,"Metabolizing alcohol via ALDH2 in cerebellar astrocytes
Jin et al. find that acetate produced by ALDH2 in cerebellar astrocytes contributes to the behavioural effects of alcohol.
See Jin et al.
Image: Science Photo Library / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_10.txt,vith,3_10.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_44,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_44.png,B,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,"While molecular marodipoles on average do not vary much with time (red line on the graph), they show huge picosecond fluctuations due to solvent dynamics (white line on the graph).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_44.txt,groundtruth,2024_44.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_1.png,D,"Exploring vast problem spaces
How do humans search for rewards in unfamiliar environments, where not all options can be exhaustively explored? Wu et al. show how a combination of generalization and optimistic sampling guides efficient human exploration in complex environments.
See Wu et al.
Image: Mike Ellis, The New Yorker © Conde Nast. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,ave_2,4_8.txt,"Executive function delays in neurodevelopmental conditions
Executive function delays are common in childhood neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorders. However, it has been unclear whether delays in executive function development are a transdiagnostic feature of these conditions. Sadozai and colleagues address this question through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 180 studies. They find that, although there are a few differences among conditions, executive function delays are a transdiagnostic marker for neurodevelopmental conditions.
See Sadozai et al.
Image: Chris Sheng from Heifei Sondii Media Technology Co., Ltd. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.png,B,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover, crafted by Guiyi Zhou, encapsulates the research of Xu et al. on leveraging advanced AI to transform polymeric gas separation membrane design.
It portrays a “polymer universe,” where dynamic interlocking yellow tracks represent
the complex polymer chains within an amorphous system. Shimmering stars scattered
throughout illustrate the gas molecules, emphasizing the focus on improving gas separation
efficiency. The spacecraft navigating this universe symbolizes the accelerating influence
of AI in propelling innovations in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,ave_1,6_2.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers,
published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration
with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied
research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_2.png,A,"Scanning the PDB and using QM calculations on the MP2/TZVPP level of theory, we highlight the geometric versatility and potential benefits of halogen–water interactions, trying to assess whether halogen bonding on water is more than a “drop in the ocean” for drug discovery.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,The,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"A machine learning approach LINES is used to accelerate sampling of binding sites around TIM3 and P26. The strongest binding site is targeted and found to support stable binding in a pose that we hypothesize blocks TIM3-GAL9 binding, a reaction that is known to suppress immune responses.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_7.txt,clip,2023_7.txt,"for clinical decision support. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13,  210–222.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2017_9.txt,vith,2017_9.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_12.png,A,Shining the spotlight on gene editors: optically controlled Cas9 and Cre provide precise spatiotemporal control over gene editing. The review discusses the methods for engineering the optical control of these enzymes. Why light? Clinical benefits? Any limitations? The future? Read more to find out!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,vith,2024_9.txt,The cover depicts a complex machine that generates new hues from combinations of primary colors. This process is analogous to the combinatorial engineering of biosynthetic genes to generate new molecules. Artwork by Marcela Vargas based on DOI: 10.1021/sb5003218.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_7.txt,clip,2015_7.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,vitg,2018_12.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_7.png,C,"In this Letter, Kumar et al. describe the use of intense light illumination to prepare atomically thin graphene, boron nitride, and MoS2 2D sheets via photoexfoliation, a novel scalable synthetic approach to achieve pure graphene and inorganic analogues. Credit: Shutterstock.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_11.txt,clip,2022_11.txt,Density functional theory + machine learning-based approaches are used to screen out suitable cathode hosts from a large number of MXenes for the optimum adsorption of possible intermediates in aluminum–sulfur batteries. AI was used partially in the creation of this cover graphic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,"A data-driven biomimetic approach is used to mimic the functionally graded structure of the Coscinodiscus species diatom for the design of architected honeycombs with tunable mechanical properties. The proposed approach leads to a novel design, which features a performance increase of 250% with respect to conventional honeycombs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"In the article featured on the cover, the authors report the synthesis of an ionic liquid consisting of a polymerizable methacrylate with a thermally-labile Diels−Alder linkage between the ion-containing side chain and the polymer backbone. The cover illustration shows how, under UV light, the ionic liquid can be polymerized, and can then be induced to release ions in response to a thermal trigger. This ion release results in a clear increase in mobile ion content at the retro-Diels−Alder temperature which is retained after the material is returned to room temperature. This type of ""triggerable"" polymerizable ionic liquid has promise in next-generation responsive electronic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_9.txt,vith,2020_9.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_1.png,D,"On the cover: Whole from many layers. Cell Systems invites readers to explore our pages, where we aim to cover outstanding research
toward understanding diverse systems and how their parts work together to shape the
behavior of the whole. Image courtesy of Janet Iwasa (http://onemicron.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,vith,10_3.txt,"On the cover: Illustration of immunity and vaccination. This issue of Cell Systems focuses on systems immunology and includes a variety of primary research articles,
reviews, perspectives, and short pieces on the topic. Image credit: Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_1.txt,groundtruth,15_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_2.png,A,"On the cover: Even if tissue-specific multipotent stem cells are damaged and depleted,
the organism possesses the ability to regenerate multipotent stem cells. The cover
image illustrates the recovery process of intestinal stem cells damaged by irradiation
exposure. The image shows in situ hybridization of the small intestine (blue) prepared by a Swiss rolling technique
after irradiation, with stem cells marked by Olfm4 staining, in red. The merged image
with a stopwatch depicts the temporal recovery of intestinal stem cells over time.
To learn more about murine intestinal regeneration following tissue injury, see Ahn et al. Image credit: Sunghwan Bae.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_2.txt,groundtruth,59_2.txt,"On the cover: An hourglass shows cells undergoing paligenosis, a cellular process
in which differentiated cells (mature, non-dividing) of diverse tissues and species
can return to proliferation again. An hourglass is mounted on a geared wheel within
a larger wheel, illustrating that the machinery underlying paligenosis allows cells
to cycle between differentiated and paligenotic states, which has important consequences
for regeneration, cancer, and aging. To learn more about the evolutionarily conserved
cellular mechanisms governing paligenosis, see Miao, Lewis, Cho et al. (pp. 178–194).
Cover image created in Adobe Photoshop by Macy E.-A. Mills; concept by Macy E.-A.
Mills and Jason C. Mills.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/55_5.txt,ave_2,55_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_1,56_2.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.png,A,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Cholesterol in neurological disease, inspired by the Review on p583.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.txt,clip,21_1.txt,"Modelling Alzheimer disease in a dish, inspired by the Review on p25.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_12.txt,vitg,18_12.txt,val
BDJ,237_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_3.png,C,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,clip,228_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on COVID-19, stress and Brexit.
Image credit: Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/229_4.txt,vith,229_4.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,groundtruth,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on COVID and the use of paracetamol, COVID and medical emergencies, and desquamative gingivitis.
Image credit: Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/229_12.txt,ave_1,229_12.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_5.png,C,"Neural architecture search for computational genomics
Applying deep learning models requires the tuning of network architectures for optimum performance, which can require substantial machine learning expertise. In this issue, Zijun Zhang et al. present a fully automated framework, AMBER, to design and apply convolutional neural networks for genomic sequences using neural architecture search. In an accompanying News & Views, Yi Zhang, Yang Liu and X. Shirley Liu discuss the AMBER technique and its potential to improve deep learning models in genomics.
See Zhang et al. and Zhang, Liu and Liu
Image: Simons Foundation. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_8.txt,vitg,3_8.txt,"Looking for the right questions
Machine learning offers a powerful tool to scientists for probing data. But these tools must be developed with the right questions in mind. This issue features a Perspective exploring the challenges for social sciences to connect to AI research, a Comment from conservation ecologists urging a focus on the right metrics and ethical approach for applying machine learning ‘in the wild’, and the next instalment of our Challenge Accepted series, highlighting the challenge of finding the right question — and prize — when organizing data science competitions.
Image: Gonzalo Rodriguez Gaspar, GRG Studios. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_11.txt,vith,1_11.txt,"Examining dataset responsibility in machine learning
Machine learning and deep learning algorithms depend on high-quality training data. Mittal et al. present a large audit of computer vision datasets and highlight the vital role of responsible databases in machine learning, emphasizing fairness, privacy and regulatory compliance. These principles are crucial for developing AI systems that are both effective and ethically sound.
See Mittal et al.
Image: Surbhi Mittal, IIT Jodhpur. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_5.png,A,"The visual represents the groundbreaking fabrication of 3D polycaprolactone macrostructures by 3D electrospinning. Highlighted are the optimal parameters that enable the precise construction of uniform, hydrophilic scaffolds, suitable for enhanced cell penetration and growth",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,marine-derived polysaccharides,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2016_1.txt,clip,2016_1.txt,"As a kind of facile tool, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been widely used in analytical and biomedical fields. However, limited flow control ability hinders their use in biofluidics fields, which require continuous perfusion. Here, the authors designed a novel, low-cost, and compact platform to address this problem. This platform has the potential to integrate with bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip, and can be developed into an organ-on -μPADs system. As most of the parts of this platform can be created using a three-dimensional (3D) desktop printer, it can be easily duplicated by other researchers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2017_9.txt,vith,2017_9.txt,A promising extrusion system based on an interfacial diffusion printing technique for one-step printing of tubular tissue grafts is proposed. The hydrogel grafts with the capability of enduring arterial pressure are mechanically stable in rabbit carotid artery replacement. Τhis work putσ forward a new bioengineering platform including high-performance materials and convenient techniques for small-diameter vascular grafts suitable for the coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2025_1.png,C,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,clip,2024_1.txt,"Polymer-protein conjugate particles with biocatalytic activity prepared by Schiff base synthesis can efficiently stabilize water-in-water emulsions. Considering the characteristics of all-aqueous, compartmental",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2017_6.txt,vitg,2017_6.txt,Allying intramolecular transesterification (the backbiting side reaction) with a compositionally distinct star-shaped macroinitiator is proven particularly effective for the synthesis of cyclic alternating copolymers. The substantially enlarged solubility difference between the cyclic and acyclic part of the product significantly facilitates their separation by simple precipitation treatments.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Dynamic covalent bonds can be incorporated into polymer networks for a host of applications. In this Viewpoint, Evans and coworkers describe the outlook for this class of polymers and highlight key questions regarding how dynamic bonds impact self-assembly, viscoelasticity, and functionality of dynamic polymer networks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_9.txt,ave_0,2022_9.txt,train
One Earth,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_8.png,B,"On the cover: Decarbonizing cities could hold the key to the successful reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions. However, cities are complex, multifaceted entities. A
systems approach is needed to help identify patterns among the chaos. Credit: Mikhail
Derevyanov/EyeEm via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_6.txt,clip,5_6.txt,"On the cover: The chemical sector is a vital pillar of modern society, providing goods
and services that meet the everyday needs of the individual and offer solutions to
society-wide challenges: healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, energy, and water
treatment, to name a few. Yet there are also trade-offs and externalities: emissions,
pollutants, and wastes are synonymous with today's chemical operations. A responsible
and sustainable future will only be realized if the chemical sector embraces circularity.
Hal Bergman for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,train
JACS Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2025_1.png,A,"This experimental and theoretical study investigates design factors for the preparation of cadmium coordination polymers (CPs) containing fluorene and fluorenone cores as single-crystal optical waveguides. The CPs exhibit exceptional light propagation with one of the lowest optical losses for CPs and organic waveguides, providing insights for future design and optimization. The cover artwork was made by Daniele Mele. Some of the layers were generated by means of Google Gemini and Playground AI tools.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,This cover is part of ACS's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. Read more in the accompanying Editorial entitled “Ladies Are So Essential in Research (LASER).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_12.txt,clip,2023_12.txt,"Featured on this cover is a novel doping strategy, photoexcitation-assisted molecular doping (PE-MD), which is built upon the familiar mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. The application of PE-MD to the PDPP4T polymer significantly amplifies its doping level, facilitating efficient thermoelectric conversion for clean energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_3.txt,vith,2024_3.txt,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,vitg,2023_3.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_10.png,B,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,groundtruth,45_10.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,clip,45_9.txt,"Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated
with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies,
autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705,
Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity
and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms
of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image
credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt,vith,42_5.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_9.png,C,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/27_3.txt,vith,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, two papers by Barisic et al. and Deng et al. evaluate how mutations in components of the BAF complex lead to the development of
B cell malignancies. In the cover, Barisic et al. demonstrate that ARID1A is required
for continuous eviction of nucleosomes, facilitating the sequential binding of transcription
factors necessary for safeguarding germinal center B cell fate towards plasma cells.
The cover image symbolizes ARID1A as Sisyphus, exerting significant effort and energy
to push boulders uphill, analogous to the BAF complex and ARID1A using energy from
ATP hydrolysis for nucleosome eviction. Birds in the image symbolize the antibodies
produced by plasma cells when ARID1A effectively remodels nucleosomes. Credit: Art
by Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_5.png,D,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This study determined the efficacy of  carotenes in modulating molecular targets in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AMD in vitro model. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a panel of 17 human cancer cells and non-cancerous human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were treated with carotenes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carotenes in modulating oxidative stress, and its underlying molecular targets were also studied using bioinformatic analyses through reactome pathway analysis and targeted cell-based reporter assays.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,"–liquid microextraction combined with the solidification of the aqueous phase. This method provides a reliable, sensitive, user-friendly, and eco-friendly alternative for detecting acrylamide levels in vegetable and fruit chips. The graphic was designed with the use of Microsoft Copilot.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,test
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_11.png,A,"The convolution of spatial confinement and interparticle interactions controls the formation of superparticles differing in structure and function, resulting in emergent properties. In this review, Marino et al. discuss recent developments in this topical area spanning length scales of colloidal particle assembly from nano- to micrometers. The cover image was AI-generated using Microsoft Copilot.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,test
Lab Animal,53_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_5.png,C,"Meet the mimics
Ethology has a new tool. Robots are becoming an important part of study with several different groups from around the world constructing models of everything from insects to mammals in the hopes of understanding and ultimately modifying animal behavior.
See Katsnelson
Image: higyou / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/47_4.txt,clip,47_4.txt,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,vitg,52_10.txt,"New tool for monitoring mouse subretinal fibrosis
Efficient tools for monitoring fibrosis-related changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration are lacking. Linder et al. describe the first use of fluorescently labeled collagen hybridizing peptides to directly image collagen remodeling and monitor fibrosis in two mouse models of ocular neovascularization.
See Linder
Cover image: Zentangle / iStock / Getty Images Plus and Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_5.txt,groundtruth,53_5.txt,"Licensing out that novel mouse
A novel mouse model can be a valuable asset to the institution that developed it. Understanding the various distribution agreements available can help developers protect their intellectual property (IP) while still getting their new mouse out to others to use. That’s more important than ever as technological advances in making new models change the IP landscape.
See Weintraub
Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_7.txt,vith,48_7.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_8.png,C,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover presents an artistic interpretation of the passage
of time for stem cells to complement our special review issue on Stem Cells in Aging.
Image created by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/16_1.txt,ave_2,16_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sun et al. report that the neonatal spinal cord extracellular matrix (ECM) provides developmental
cues for spinal cord neural progenitor cells and organoids to promote host-graft neural
connections, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury. Their
findings suggest that the remarkable regenerative ability of the neonatal spinal cord
may stem from its favorable ECM environment. The cover shows the neonatal spinal cord
ECM molecular “workers” connecting the axonal “cables” of the organoid spheroids to
spinal cord “plugs” to rebuild the neural network. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_8.txt,groundtruth,31_8.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,vitg,28_1.txt,train
Nature Food,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_10.png,D,"Marine resources for aquaculture
Salmon aquaculture is projected to grow by 2–3% per year to meet the increasing demand for aquatic foods. Wild-caught, marine-derived resources in the form of fish meal and fish oil are key sources of protein and lipids in salmon aquafeed formulations, but with wild fish stocks stagnating, this resource presents a limiting factor for future sector growth. Global salmon production potential was modelled, incorporating a 1–3% growth rate and exploring a variety of fish oil and fish meal utilization scenarios. Incorporating 3% fish oil and 3% fish meal in aquafeed could permit 2% per year production growth until 2100 — independent of novel aquaculture feeds that are currently being utilized.
Aquatic foods, such as salmon, form an important dietary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Based on these findings, 300 grams of salmon per week would provide almost all the recommended weekly intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid — demonstrating that finite marine resources, when used judiciously, can contribute to salmon aquaculture sector growth and healthy diets.
See Rocker et al.
Image: Marc Guitard/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_5.txt,ave_1,3_5.txt,"One Health aquaculture
Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic animals and plants, is one of the fastest developing food sectors globally, and in recent years has become the main source of fish available for human consumption. Applying the principles of One Health — the interconnectedness of human, animal and planetary health — could well support enhanced sustainable production in aquaculture; facilitating food and nutrition security, poverty alleviation, economic development and the protection of natural resources.
See Stentiford et al.
Image: Sami Sarkis/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,clip,6_1.txt,"Nutrient retention in aquaculture
Salmon has one of the most efficient feed-to-food conversion rates among farmed animals, but its high trophic level makes salmon aquaculture a major consumer of marine resources — including species that are consumed directly by people, such as herring and mackerel. Re-allocating species currently used in salmon feeds towards direct human consumption can increase the overall amount of nutritious seafood while avoiding increases in wild-caught fish supply. Most edible feed fish contains higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, calcium, iron and vitamin A than farmed salmon. Nutrient retention approaches can drive better performance of aquaculture and identify pathways towards sustainable growth.
See Willer et al.
Image: Jeff Rotman / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_8.png,B,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"Nitrogen (N) is absolutely essential to life as we know it. Though
atmospherically abundant, N must first be converted, or “fixed,” prior to biological
uptake
and crop fertilizer manufacturing. Synthetic N-fixation, today responsible for half
of all fixed
N, comes with profound economic and environmental costs. Fortunately, an alternative,
ancient biological strategy—catalyzed by microbially hosted nitrogenase proteins—holds
enormous bioengineering potential for sustainable N-fixation. Yet, researchers have
been
unable to mimic this elegant biological solution and lack an understanding of environmental
drivers in its evolution, limiting predictions for how biological N-fixation will
respond to a
changing climate. In this special issue, Holly Rucker and Betül Kaçar review the complex
history of nitrogen fixation over billions of years of planetary history.
Image courtesy: Prof. Betül Kaçar, UW-Madison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_8.txt,groundtruth,32_8.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems
biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves
the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or
protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network,
that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from
Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_3.txt,vith,19_3.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,train
Nature Aging,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/5_1.png,D,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"Focus on reproductive aging
Reproductive aging is an important determinant of fertility span and overall health and wellbeing in older age. In this issue, Nature Aging presents a series of reviews and opinion pieces on recent advances and future directions in reproductive aging research. The cover image shows seasonally colored trees — a springtime tree in green, and autumn trees in brilliant yellow and red — that represent different stages of reproductive physiology in aging.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_1.txt,vitg,4_1.txt,"Single-cell epigenetic age estimation
In this issue, a study by Trapp et al. introduces scAge, a computational framework that enables epigenetic age estimation at single-cell resolution. The new method can track the aging process in individual cells and its heterogeneity in tissue. Notably, scAge revealed a natural cellular rejuvenation event occurring during early embryogenesis. The issue cover features a cell, whose genome blends into the outline of a clock — its hands, denoting age, are driven by the CpG methylation patterns on the DNA.
See Trapp et al. and the accompanying News & Views by K. Lenhard Rudolph
Cover image: Tiamat Fox. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_1.txt,vith,1_1.txt,"Immune clearance of senescent cells
In this issue, Xinliang Ming, Ze Yang, Yuqiao Huang and colleagues develop a bifunctional peptide that links senescent and natural killer cells to induce immunological removal of senescent cells in fibrosis, injury, cancer and naturally aged mouse models. The cover image depicts the peptide as a scale on which senescent cells (left) are balanced with immune cells (right). The beneficial effects of this immunotherapy approach are symbolized by scattering senescent cells and sprouting tree branches.
See Ming et al.
Image: Ben Wang, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,test
iScience,27_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_3.png,B,"On the cover: Movable scattered units engraved with different types of cells gradually
assemble into a human shape. The accumulation of single-cell data provides growing
resources for constructing atlases for all cells of a human organ or the whole body.
Chen et al. (2022) developed a unified informatics framework that enables seamless
cell-centric assembly of scRNA-seq data from diverse sources and built the first human
ensemble cell atlas (hECA). hECA enables “in-data” exploration of the atlas as a virtual
human body with customizable logic expressions on all recorded features of the assembled
cells, provides quantitative portraitures of biological entities (organs, cell types,
and genes), and facilitates cell-type annotations with customizable references. Artwork
by Yuankui Lyu and Ruoqi Li, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_7.txt,clip,25_7.txt,"The cover image is a digital artwork visualizing whale songs recorded by an ocean-bottom
seismometer array. Utilizing spectrum analysis and dynamic imaging techniques, Ren et al. created visuals based on the variation in the amplitudes of the seismic waveforms.
The higher amplitude indicates that the recorded noise was closer to the seismometer,
and the greater energy level of the whale song resulted in a more accurate silhouette
of the whale. The authors further integrated artistic methodologies to produce images
and videos from seismic waveforms recorded in the ocean, which enable the general
public to gain a multisensory experience of the ocean soundscape studied by specialists.
Their artwork provides new dimensions of scientific data representation, while its
creation is also driven by the analysis of scientific datasets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_3.txt,groundtruth,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Plant responses to flooding are regulated through partially similar
regulators as responses to shade. This cover depicts an infrared image of a waterlogged
tomato plant illuminated with far-red light at the base of the stem. See Courbier
et al., vol. 22, 2019.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_10.png,D,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,The cover depicts a microbiome wherein E. coli (blue) responds to quorum sensing signaling molecules produced by other bacteria. This issue features an article by Styles et al. who report new chemical modulators of an E. coli quorum sensing receptor and the characterization of the mode-of-action of a covalent inhibitor using top-down mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_1.txt,ave_2,2020_1.txt,"Bi(III)-based compounds can allosterically target a SARS-CoV-2 nsp14/nsp10 complex to disrupt its MTase and ExoN activity, leading to inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in mammalian cells, which is attributable to the Bi compounds’ ability to displace zinc ions from the zinc-finger sites of the nsp14/nsp10 complex and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Science Advances,11_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_7.png,C,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Mushroom growing from tree in a moist Pacific Northwest forest. One way vascular plants obtain soil nutrients is through mycorrhizal symbiosis, a strategy that can expand root surface area to increase absorption. Deng et al. offer evidence that types of mycorrhizae mediate plant interactions and the biodiversity -productivity relationship in diverse forests. The results suggest that mycorrhizal responses to climate change factors should be considered in forest management, particularly in the selection of tree species for both timber production and climate change mitigation. Credit: RobH/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_3.txt,vith,9_3.txt,"ONLINE COVER Habitat and structural home of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex S. cyanobacteriicola-S. taiwanensis. Fungi often form the outer structure in symbiotic relationships such as lichens. However, Chen et al. discovered a symbiosis in Taiwan’s subtropical forests where fungi live within cyanobacterial sheaths, forming erect, nitrogen-fixing thalli. The discovery of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex demonstrates unique fungi residing within structures built by cyanobacteria. This finding sheds light on unique forms of symbiosis and expands our understanding of fungal partnerships in nature. Credit: Che-Chih Chen",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_7.txt,groundtruth,11_7.txt,"ONLINE COVER Tears reveal more than just emotion. Tears' extracellular vesicles (EVs) allow us to see molecular-level signs of different diseases or actions of other organs inside our bodies. Hu et al. found that tear EVs act as immune effectors, maintain retinal homeostasis, and regulate inflammation. The rich bioinformation that tears carry offer value beyond the ocular system. Credit: Hu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_11.txt,clip,9_11.txt,test
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_12.png,C,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_1,1_4.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,vitg,1_2.txt,"Lignin refined
Recalcitrant C–C bonds in lignin limit the monomer yield of current depolymerization strategies that target labile C–O bonds. Now, Emiel Hensen and colleagues present a process based on a bifunctional Pt/zeolite catalyst that selectively cleaves common C–C linkages in lignins, resulting in substantially increased fuel yields from common lignin sources.
See Luo et al. and Subbotina & Samec
Image: Hassan Tahini, ScienceBrush Design. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,train
Joule,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_11.png,C,"On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features
1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical
energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination
of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering
both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit
this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute
to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Zhang et al. develop a universal encapsulation method for commercialized perovskite solar cell
(PSC). The encapsulated PSC modules passed outdoor stability, UV preconditioning,
and hail tests according to the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard.
Image credit: Guodong Zhang, Yifan Zheng, and Yuchuan Shao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents putting the “pieces” together of renewable
building blocks from biomass with reclaimed PET (rPET) to synthesize fiberglass-reinforced
plastics (FRPs) that can be used in high-value materials applications such as in wind
turbine blades. In this issue of Joule, Rorrer et al. (1006–1027) demonstrate that rPET can be deconstructed and subsequently
combined with monomers obtainable from biomass. The resulting FRPs exhibit superior
mechanical properties compared to the petroleum-based incumbent while using significantly
less energy in their manufacture on a per dollar basis when compared to typical-FRP
manufacture and chemical bottle-to-bottle recycling. Cover art by Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_9.txt,ave_2,3_9.txt,val
NATURE GENETICS,56_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_9.png,D,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Peanut global phenotypic variation
Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of Arachis accessions sheds light on peanut evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Nastasic/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.txt,clip,56_4.txt,"Lychee fruit genome
Sequencing of the genome of the lychee cultivar ‘Feizixiao’, along with analysis of 72 re-sequenced lychee accessions, identifies two different domestication events: one in Yunnan, and one in Hainan.
See Hu et al.
Image: Inge Johnsson / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_12.txt,vith,54_12.txt,"Coffea arabica diversification history
Genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors provide insights into diversification history.
See Salojärvi et al.
Image: Amanda van der Sijs/500px/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_9.txt,groundtruth,56_9.txt,test
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.png,B,An electrochemical sensing system based on a combination of potentiometric sensing and real-time corrections for the effects of salinity and temperature is proposed for rapid in situ monitoring of oceanic pCO2 with fluctuating salinities and temperatures.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,"Elemental iron is effective in simultaneous removal of co-existing TcVII and CrVI from contaminated streams when the Fe0/(CrVII + TcVI) molar ratio exceeds 106. Elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) inhibit Fe0 oxidation and removal of contaminants. This cover features work from Drs. Yelena Katsenovich, Florida International University, and Tatiana Levitskaia and Hilary Emerson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The original artwork was created by Nathan Johnson, an illustrator at PNNL.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_11.png,B,"A machine learning platform for the immune system
Deciphering the immune information encoded in adaptive immune receptor repertoires (AIRR) is important for next-generation immunodiagnostics and therapeutics design. However, the proliferation of molecular biology and bioinformatics tools that are necessary to generate large quantities of immune receptor data has not yet been matched by frameworks that allow for routine data analysis by biomedical scientists. Machine learning is a crucial technology for the transformation of AIRR into biomarkers of disease and infection, given its capacity to separate immunological signals from noise. In a paper in this issue, Pavlović et al. present immuneML, an open-source collaborative platform for AIRR machine learning. immuneML implements each step of the AIRR machine learning process using fully specified and shareable workflows and adapted to different user backgrounds.
See Pavlović et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Lonneke Scheffer and Rahmad Akbar. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_2.txt,vitg,3_2.txt,"Dynamic biomolecular complex prediction with generative AI
Predicting the structure of 3D biological binding complexes is a major challenge in structural biology. Qiao et al. report a diffusion model-based generative AI approach known as NeuralPLexer that enables the prediction of protein–ligand structures, including large-scale conformational changes of such structures after ligand binding, based on protein sequences and ligand molecular graphs. The methodology could advance the mechanistic understanding of biological pathways and aid the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
See Qiao et al.
Image: Frederick R. Manby and Matthew Welborn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,"Bioactive molecule design with geometric deep learning
Geometric deeplearning is a promising direction in molecular design and drug screening. Tomake sense of different representations and methods used in the field, a Reviewarticle by Kenneth Atz et al. provides anoverview of current principles and challenges. The cover image shows the resultof one such geometric deep learning approach, called DeepDock,developed by Oscar Méndez-Lucio and colleagues. The rat proteinPEPCK is shown as a 3D mesh in a binding conformation with potential smallmolecule drug 2-phosphoglycolate acid as predicted by the model. Theexperimentally validated conformation is superimposed in cyan.
See Kenneth Atz et al., and Méndez-Lucio et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Oscar Méndez-Lucio. Cover design: LaurenHeslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,"Folding with large-scale protein language models
The cover image shows a protein, folded in space and forming a stable 3D structure. AlphaFold has revolutionized the ability to predict protein structures. Work in this issue by Fang et al. further improves prediction capability and efficiency by combining a large-scale protein language model, trained on thousands of millions of primary structures in a self-supervised way, with the geometric learning capability of AlphaFold2.
See Fang et al.
Image: Baidu Inc. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_3.txt,ave_3,5_3.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_3.png,D,"Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt,clip,2019_9.txt,"Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt,vith,2012_15.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,vitg,2019_16.txt,"RuBTB complex inhibits GSH metabolism, leading to immunogenic ferroptosis through GSH depletion, GPX4 inactivation, and so on. This subsequently reverses drug resistance by inhibiting GST activity. This is the first metal–arene anticancer complex that achieves efficient immunogenicity and satisfactory ferroptosis therapeutic effect for overcoming drug resistance in metal-based immunochemotherapy.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_50,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_50.png,C,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,electrochemical disc reactor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_50.txt,groundtruth,2024_50.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.png,A,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,groundtruth,1_10.txt,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,clip,1_7.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,ave_3,1_8.txt,val
Nature Food,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/6_1.png,A,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Wild foods
The definition of ‘wild foods’ remains contested, but there is no doubt that the availability of wild food species from forests and common lands is declining due to agricultural expansion, environmental degradation, urbanization and climate change. In many places, people’s access to wild foods is also impaired by institutional factors, such as insecure land tenure. Wild fruits, leaves, mushrooms, roots, animals, nuts, and so on are culturally important and represent key sources of nutrient and dietary diversity — especially for forest communities and the poor. Research demonstrating causal linkages between dietary diversity and wild foods in India reveals that, thanks to wild foods, women are more likely to consume dark green leafy vegetables during the lean season.
See Zavaleta Cheek et al. News & Views by Sunderland and Research Briefing
Image: Nirali Bakhla. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_7.txt,vitg,4_7.txt,"Universal distribution of nutrients
Nutrient production and accumulation in food result from the biochemical reaction networks that characterize living organisms. Nutrient distributions may, therefore, be predicted from biochemical first principles and are now shown to display consistent statistical behaviour across foods. Our understanding so far of the composition of food has not taken this universality into account.
Utilizing the concept of universality, and the computational approaches that support it, to elaborate our knowledge of food composition has advantages. As nutrients are shown to follow common patterns across foods, missing quantities in food composition tables may be estimated, the concentration of unquantified chemicals of food may be predicted, and resources associated with analytical laboratory approaches to determining chemical concentrations in food may be reduced.
See Menichetti and Barabási
Image: Peter Puklus. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_8.txt,clip,3_8.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_1.png,D,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,vitg,31_12.txt,"IMPDH1 filament architectures
A series of cryo-EM structures of human IMPDH1 variants reveal polymorphic filaments, which provides a basis for their role in retinal function and disease.
See Article by Burrell et al.
Image: Westend61 / Getty Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/29_12.txt,vith,29_12.txt,"Autoimmune antibodies in the inflamed brain
Two studies by Michalski, Abdulla et al. and Wang, Xie, Deng, Ding, Li et al. provide insights into how antibodies seen in individuals with autoimmune encephalitis interact with and affect the functions of their target, NMDA receptors.
See Michalski, Abdulla et al. and Wang, Xie, Deng, Ding, Li et al.
Image credit: Westend61 / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_4.png,B,The cover art demonstrates an alloying-type artificial synapse with a lithium-ion rich polymer layer and a tin oxide nanoparticle layer. The reversible redox behavior at low potential ensures a high sensitivity and low-power consumption of the electronic device.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2020_11.txt,vith,2020_11.txt,"This illustration depicts a thermoelectric device designed to convert thermal energy gradients into electricity. Highlighted is the nanocomposition nature of the material, that employs CuFeS2, FeS2, and Cu2S sulfide-based materials. The images were enhanced using AI assistance from ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover indicates the entropic-induced ordering under certain conditions (such as, a thermal process), which also demonstrates the concept of microcrystal-induced crystallization, which is microcrystal-induced ordering.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2021_5.txt,clip,2021_5.txt,The cover art depicts the porous nitrogen-doped carbon film electrode by carbonizing the ZIF-8/cotton composite fabric and its application in flexible supercapacitors. The ZIF-8-derived carbon layer promotes the capacitive performance. Such an electrode can be integrated into wearable systems as a power source.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2021_8.txt,vitg,2021_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.png,B,"‘Endosomes as sorting stations’, inspired by the Review on p765
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_3.txt,vith,25_3.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,"'Microfluidic investigation' byVicky Summersby, inspired by the Review on p554.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/16_4.txt,clip,16_4.txt,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,vitg,25_9.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_6.png,A,"Getting flexible
Flexible organic photovoltaic modules suffer from poor operational and mechanical stability. Lu et al. embed the metal electrode into a polymeric matrix and add a chromium layer to enhance the electrical contact between adjacent subcells. This results in 14%-efficient modules with over 900 hours of operation and improved tolerance to bending.
See Lu et al. and News and Views by Shin and Son
Image: Xin Lu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_6.txt,groundtruth,9_6.txt,"Swimming like a solar cell
Lightweight, flexible and stretchable solar cells can be processed from some polymers and organic molecules. Jinno et al. expand on these mechanical capabilities and use ultrathin barrier layers to make the flexible solar cells stable in water. Making flexible solar cells washable multiplies their integration prospects into everyday objects.
See Jinno et al.  2 , 780–785 (2017) and News and Views by Li & Brabec.
Image: Hiroaki Jinno, Kenjiro Fukuda and Takao Someya. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"Perovskites take to the field
Demonstration of manufacturability and outdoor operation of large-scale perovskite solar cells is key to improving their technological maturity. Now, Pescetelli et al. fabricate a large number of perovskite photovoltaic modules and integrate them into a 4.5-m2 outdoor solar farm, whose operation is monitored for 12 months.
See Pescetelli et al. , Research Briefing and News and Views by Silverman and Schelhas
Image: George Viskadouros and Emmanuel Kymakis, Hellenic Mediterranean University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_6.txt,ave_2,7_6.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_7.png,C,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,clip,19_3.txt,"This month marks the tenth anniversary of Nature Nanotechnology. The cover shows a virtual cabinet displaying illustrations selected from our articles published during the past 10 years.
Editorial p825
CREDIT: Wood for cabinet: Tim Messick / E+ / Getty Images. Illustrations: Lauritsen, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 2, 53–58 (2007); Comellas-AragonÈs, M. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 2, 635–639 (2007); Grill, L. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 2, 687–691 (2007); Zhu, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 3, 477–481 (2008); Bruns, O. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 4, 193–201 (2009); Röcker, C. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 4, 577–580 (2009); Bhaskaran, C. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 5, 181–185 (2010); Lu, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 6, 247–252 (2011); Zhang, H. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 6, 277–281 (2011); Ueno, K. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 6, 408–412 (2011); Villar, G. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 6, 803–808 (2011); Yang Lee, B. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 7, 351–356 (2012); Ge, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 7, 428–432 (2012); Natalio, F. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 7, 530–535 (2012); Kostiainen, M. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 8, 52–56 (2013); Liu, N. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 9, 187–192 (2014); Ndieyira, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 9, 225–232 (2014); Liu, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 9, 285–289 (2014); Lin, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 9, 436–442 (2014); Ragazzon, G. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 10, 70–75 (2015); Berger, O. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 10, 353–360 (2015); Atre, A. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 10, 429–436 (2015); Tian, Y. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 10, 637–644 (2015); Sun, J. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 10, 980–985 (2015); Chen, P. et al. Nat. Nanotech. 10, 1077–1083 (2015).
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/11_3.txt,vith,11_3.txt,"Multiparametric nano-mechanobiology of neurons
The cover image depicts a coloured scanning electron microscopy image of a network of cortical neurons grown on a microelectrode array used for combined force and electrophysiological measurements.
See Muller et al.
Image: M. Oeggerli (Micronaut) 2020–2024, supported by University Hospital Basel (Pathology), Bio-EM Lab, Biozentrum, University Basel, and S. Ronchi and A. Hierlemann, Bio-Engineering Laboratory, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_7.txt,groundtruth,19_7.txt,"Nanotubes under wraps.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Nish  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_3.png,B,"The cover represents a special issue on Renewable Molecules & Materials and the Anselme Payen Award Symposium in honor of Ann-Christine Albertsson, the founding Editor-in-Chief of Biomacromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_8.txt,clip,2020_8.txt,"Growth of HBV capsids from homodimers generates new contacts among charged headgroups in the dimer–dimer interface, yielding protein charge transfer spectra measurable in real-time. Photoinduced electron transfer is shown to occur from the HOMO of COO− in one glutamate (donor) to the LUMO of NH3+ in lysine or the polypeptide backbone (acceptor).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,The special issue titled “The Future of Biomacromolecules at a Crossroads of Polymer Science and Biology” presents contributions from world-wide experts invited to speak at the symposium designed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Biomacromolecules to recognize and celebrate the achievements and impact of the most exciting research being conducted to converge the scientific fields of macromolecular and biological sciences because this has been the mission of Biomacromolecules since its inception. These contributions are organized into four subsections on the main topics of (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,"The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt,vitg,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_9.png,B,"Focus on metasurfaces
This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics.
See Neshev and Miroshnichenko
Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,"Perovskite polaritons
Artistic image of the polariton spin Hall effect in a liquid-crystal-filled perovskite microcavity under electrical voltages at room temperature. The findings represent a development in the generation and manipulation of pure polariton spins for spin-optoelectronic applications.
See Liang et al.
Image: Rui Su, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_9.txt,groundtruth,18_9.txt,"Nanostructures that support plasmon resonances enable optimized absorption from any direction.
Cover design by Tom Wilson
Letter by Teperik  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_8.txt,vitg,2_8.txt,"Artist's impression of a solid-state optoelectronic device that generates single photons for use in experiments in quantum optics.
Review Article p631
IMAGE: IGOR AHARONOVICH, DIRK ENGLUND AND MILOS TOTH
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_3.txt,clip,10_3.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_4.png,A,"‘Optical resolution’, inspired by the Viewpoint on super-resolution microscopy on p677
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"‘The universe of biomolecular condensates’, inspired by the theme of this focus issue: phase separation in biology.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_10.txt,vitg,22_10.txt,"‘The yin and yang of apoptosis’, inspired by the Review on p175.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/20_10.txt,clip,20_10.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,vith,26_1.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_5.png,D,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Inspired by the Review on p208.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_9.txt,ave_1,19_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p437
Cover image credit: Liz Foster Light Painting Photography/Alamy Stock Photo",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_5.txt,vith,20_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p534
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,test
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_10.png,D,"TGFβ in heart disease, inspired by the Review on p435.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_6.txt,vith,19_6.txt,"Cardiovascular involvement in long COVID, inspired by the Review on p314.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_8.txt,vitg,19_8.txt,"Use of AI for imaging of coronary atherosclerosis, inspired by the Roadmap on p51.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"Sex and ethnicity differences in MINOCA, inspired by the Review on p192.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,val
Cell Systems,15_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_12.png,A,"On the cover: Illustration of a microbial community. In this issue of Cell Systems, Wang et al. show that optimizing metabolic specialization and versatility of individuals within
a microbial consortium yields a metabolic division of labor configuration with the
highest function. Image credit: Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_12.txt,groundtruth,15_12.txt,"On the cover: Illustration of immunity and vaccination. This issue of Cell Systems focuses on systems immunology and includes a variety of primary research articles,
reviews, perspectives, and short pieces on the topic. Image credit: Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_1.txt,ave_2,15_1.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,vitg,10_3.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_11.png,C,"The cover reports a nanoconstrained photocatalyst with encapsulating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets into the microporous carbon nanocage. The photocatalyst demonstrates a greatly enhanced water accumulation in the nanoconfined cavity, synergistically increasing chemical water molecule adsorption, leading to the high apparent quantum efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_3.txt,vith,2021_3.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,The surface curvature of mildly oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes impacts the oxygen reduction performance activity toward H2O2 synthesis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,vitg,2021_20.txt,val
Nature Cities,1_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_2.png,C,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,groundtruth,1_2.txt,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,ave_2,1_11.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_2.png,D,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,vith,13_2.txt,"Interactions between narrow frontal currents and topography in the Drake Passage enhance bottom mixing, according to ocean glider observations. Such interactions between frontal currents and topography could help close Southern Ocean overturning. This image shows Neumayer Channel near the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Article p840; News & Views p806
IMAGE: XIAOZHOU RUAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_2.txt,clip,10_2.txt,"The role of static versus dynamic stresses in earthquake clusters is unclear. Analysis of earthquakes triggered by a dyke intrusion at an Icelandic volcano unambiguously demonstrates that static stresses are important for earthquake clustering. The image shows the Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland on 2 September 2014.
Letter p629
IMAGE: BOB WHITE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_5.txt,ave_2,8_5.txt,"Ocean eddy hotspots of nitrogen fixation
: Nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs near the edges of North Atlantic eddies is a key component of the North Atlantic marine nitrogen cycle, according to an analysis of genetic and past eddy activity data. The satellite image, taken on 9 March 2016, shows the Gulf Stream moving across a turbulent North Atlantic Ocean where turbulence is made visible by pigmented phytoplankton.
See Hoerstmann et al.
Image: NASA Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC). Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_2.txt,groundtruth,17_2.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_2.png,D,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,ave_1,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,ave_2,16_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,clip,16_8.txt,"On the cover: Pathogens and their hosts are engaged in an ever-evolving arms race. Host pattern-recognition
receptors detect invading fungi and recruit adaptor proteins to initiate a signaling
cascade that ultimately triggers immune responses. In maize, the plasma-membrane-localized
receptor ZmWAK recognizes an unknown signature from the fungal pathogen Sporisorium reilianum and relays the phosphorylation signal to the cytoplastic kinase ZmSnRK1α2, thereby
facilitating its translocation into the nucleus for promoting the degradation of ZmWRKY53.
The reduced accumulation of ZmWRKY53, in turn, causes the downregulated expression
of transmembrane transporter genes, thereby restricting nutrient acquisition by Sporisorium reilianum in the apoplasts. Therefore, the ZmWAK-SnRK1α2-WRKY53 signaling module underlies
quantitative resistance to head smut disease in maize. The cover portrays this host-pathogen
conflict with a personified depiction, showing the soldiers in battle defending their
supplies with a strategic counterattack against the enemies. Image by Mingzhu Yan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_2.txt,groundtruth,17_2.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2025_1.png,B,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,vith,2020_12.txt,A host–guest approach is developed for the induction of chiral luminescence in a series of achiral porphyrin nanostructures through their co-assembly with chiral gelators. Modulating specific interactions between the host and guest helped achieve intense chiral emission with desired handedness.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials serve as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena and provide practical solutions for various applications. Featured,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_9.png,A,"Chemical-looping-based oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with successive CO2 activation to CO was verified on FeMTiOx mixed metal oxides (M = Ni, Sn, Co, Mn, Ce).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,val
Nature Water,2_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_5.png,D,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,ave_1,1_12.txt,"One word to unite all nations
Water is central to sustainable development, and is crucial for public health as well as socio-economic development and healthy ecosystems. Yet progress on water-related goals and targets is nowhere near where it should be. On 22–24 March 2023, the world will gather in New York for the UN 2023 Water Conference to create momentum for accelerated action to combat the global water challenges. The cover image, with the word water in some of the different languages spoken throughout the United Nations, represents the unifying power of our global water resources.
See Editorial
Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Linking water and ecosystems
Ecohydrology utilizes the knowledge of both ecological and hydrological processes across various scales. It focuses on the complex interactions between water and ecosystems: how water affects the ecological systems and how ecosystems, in turn, influence the water cycle and water quality. Research in ecohydrology aims to advance the understanding of the interactions and to provide solutions that contribute to enhancing ecosystem conservation and sustainable water resource management.
The cover shows a UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Site: the area of Lake Wood, part of the Eddleston Water Project near Peebles, UK. The Eddleston Water Project serves as a dynamic testing ground for natural flood management techniques, which aim to bolster food resilience through the restoration of natural processes that slow water flow and increase water retention within the river system. This project demonstrates how ecohydrology research supports flood risk management, climate change adaptation and biodiversity enhancement at catchment scale.
See Editorial.
Image: Colin McLean Photography. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_10.txt,ave_3,2_10.txt,"Isotope monitoring of river flow dynamics
River flow dynamics, encompassing all interactions and processes that regulate water movements within river systems, are influenced by various factors such as precipitation and land use. Understanding these dynamics is essential for water resource management within ongoing hydroclimate and land-use changes. By analysing stable isotopes in water molecules from rivers globally, Vystavna and colleagues identify the young water fraction (<2−3months) and introduce an indicator of dynamic water retention that shows river flow dynamics are influenced by land use and hydroclimate characteristics. The cover shows the Schlögener Schlinge in the upper Danube valley in Austria, where the Danube almost forms a circle. In large river catchments like the Danube, contributing tributaries exhibit varied catchment and climate characteristics, leading to contrasting trends in young water fraction and dynamic water retention.
See Vystavna et al.
Image: Walter Geiersperger/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_5.txt,groundtruth,2_5.txt,val
Analytical Chemistry,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_3.png,B,ptamer,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_37.txt,clip,2024_37.txt,"A new platform combines high-resolution ion mobility and low-temperature vibrational ion spectroscopy to accurately identify chemical compounds. Precise identifications of analytes are made by measuring their infrared spectra using a messenger-tagging approach with nitrogen. This enables infrared spectral measurements to be incorporated into analytical workflows on practical time scales (credit: Shutterstock IDs 547871221, 1060615994, and 2248636519).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,）,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_31.txt,vitg,2022_31.txt,"are acquired by developing novel amorphous nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC) nanocages (NCs), The delocalized carbon-conjugated systems of graphitic-N, pyrrole-N, and pyridine-N with lone pair electrons increase the electronic density of states and reduce the electron localization function of NDC NCs, thereby promoting the charge transfer process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2023_42.txt,vith,2023_42.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_12.png,C,"Long-lasting implanted biomaterials
This focus issue highlights strategies for increasing the functional durability of implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates a subcutaneously-implanted scaffold for the study and modulation of a pre-metastatic niche (Review Article).
Image by Katie Aguado.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,clip,2_10.txt,"Modelling latent structures in neural activity to better predict behaviour
This issue highlights computational methods for use in multi-omics microsampling to profile lifestyle-associated changes, for the design of humanized versions of antibodies with improved stability, for the optimization of monoclonal antibodies for reduced self-association and non-specific binding, for the classification of tumour type and the prediction of microsatellite status on the basis of somatic mutations, for describing macroscopic resting-state brain dynamics, and for modelling nonlinear latent factors and structures in the activity of neural populations to enable flexible inference.
The cover illustrates that latent factors and latent structures in the activity of neural populations can be computationally modelled to better predict neural activity and behaviour.
See Abbaspourazad et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and Ekaterina Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"Machine learning in healthcare
This focus issue highlights the accelerating power of machine learning (Editorial) in diagnosing rare disease (Article, News &amp; Views), classifying brain tumours (Article, News &amp; Views), and categorizing the activity of spinal motor neurons (Article, News &amp; Views).
The cover illustrates the concept of a cloud-based multihospital collaboration platform powered by artificial intelligence (Article, News &amp; Views).
Image by Haotian Lin",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_11.txt,ave_0,1_11.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_7.png,B,"The role of static versus dynamic stresses in earthquake clusters is unclear. Analysis of earthquakes triggered by a dyke intrusion at an Icelandic volcano unambiguously demonstrates that static stresses are important for earthquake clustering. The image shows the Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland on 2 September 2014.
Letter p629
IMAGE: BOB WHITE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_5.txt,vitg,8_5.txt,"Tibetan Plateau lake expansion
Model projections suggest that, even under a low emissions scenario, lakes on the Tibetan Plateau will increase in area by about 50% by 2100, with widespread impacts on infrastructure and ecosystems. The photo shows the Dawa Co (left) and Qiduo Co (right) lakes, the land between which is gradually disappearing due to rising lake levels.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Shi Cai. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_7.txt,groundtruth,17_7.txt,"Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012.
Letter p122
IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt,ave_1,8_11.txt,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,clip,13_2.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_10.png,D,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,clip,24_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores how omics has been used in microbiology to address a variety of microbiological
questions and to fulfill the promise of these techniques within microbiology. The
reviews in this issue explore applications in microbiology including making sense
of diversity, understanding functional capabilities and changes to genomes as well
as infectious disease surveillance, forensic epidemiology, and how omics should be
paired with classical microbiological techniques. The cover image shows a little boy
hoping to take flight with attached wings and roller skates, and we certainly hope
he achieved his promised liftoff. Cover image printed with permission from Andrew
Rich (RichVintage)/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/22_8.txt,vith,22_8.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems
biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves
the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or
protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network,
that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from
Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_3.txt,vitg,19_3.txt,"Traits-based approaches have gained increasing attention for
studying plant–microbe interactions especially from an ecological standpoint.
However, many of the functional traits currently used pose a significant problem:
high intraspecific variations. In order to address this, in the current issue, Dr.
Zhang
and colleagues consider plant genome size as a trait that can be harnessed to study
microbiome-mediated interactions and adaptations to environmental changes.
Image courtesy: GettyImages (Andriy Onufriyenko)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_1.png,B,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,"This study establishes CRISPO, an efficient tool for multicopy integration and pathway optimization in Pichia pastoris. By combining rDNA integration and fluorescence screening, CRISPO facilitates the construction of a yeast cell factory capable of producing geraniol at the highest titer and productivity ever reported.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,vith,2024_2.txt,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,test
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.png,A,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,ᴅ-[5-11C]-glutamine was investigated and shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for the targeted detection and treatment monitoring of biofilm-associated infections. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,Growth of Mycobacteria tuberculosis colonies is inhibited by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_2.txt,clip,2017_2.txt,Immune system cells attack the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Virtual Issue “Fighting HIV with Chemistry” showcases recent articles from various ACS journals reporting on advances made in HIV research. Link:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_1.txt,vitg,2017_1.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_5.png,A,"On the cover: The process of alternative polyadenylation is dynamically regulated
during development and cell fate determination. In this issue, Liu et al. determine the molecular mechanism by which the RNA-binding protein PQBP1 orchestrates
dynamic mRNA-3'UTR changes during neurogenesis. The cover depicts an ancient Chinese
mythical creature, the Vermilion Bird. The short tails represent the short 3'UTRs
in neural stem cells in contrast to the long tails representing extended 3'UTRs in
mature neurons. Concept and artwork: Zi Chao Zhang, Xian Liu, and Xinyu Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_5.txt,groundtruth,43_5.txt,"On the cover: During chronic viral infection, CD8 T cells are critical for viral clearance
and require help from CD4 T cells. In this issue, Xin et al. show that CD4 T cells
help the CD8 response through IL-21-induced BATF expression. The image is provided
by Studio OY Design Consultancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/13_7.txt,vith,13_7.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Ressurreição et al. use tools to rapidly disrupt the activity of the core planar
polarity protein Dishevelled, combined with quantitative measurements and mosaic analysis,
to investigate Dishevelled function in maintenance of planar polarity. The image depicts
an adult Drosophila wing mutant for a planar polarity allele with mis-polarized hairs on the surface.
Fly wing image by David Strutt, and montage designed by Samantha Warrington.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_8.txt,vitg,25_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the
mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria
contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays
a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon
created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt,clip,25_1.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_3.png,C,"In this issue...
In September's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at how best to bridge the language barrier in practice, and what aids there are for doing so
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_4.txt,vitg,36_4.txt,"In this issue...
Dental tourism was popular pre-pandemic, and is now showing signs of booming in a post-pandemic world.

But do patients really understand the risks, and is the profession in a position to treat problems should they arise?",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_5.txt,clip,35_5.txt,"In this issue...
Dental academia is something every qualified dentist has experienced. And just like the wider profession, it is suffering. October's cover feature asks what is the current state of dental academia
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_3.txt,groundtruth,37_3.txt,"In this issue
Dental services may have resumed in a limited capacity, but there is still a storm on the horizon. How do practices move from survival to revival?
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_5.txt,vith,33_5.txt,test
Molecular Cell,85_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_1.png,A,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_1.txt,groundtruth,85_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wong et al. (pp. 3–16) use fluorescence microscopy to track the processing of DNA
lesions during DNA replication in a time- and space-resolved manner in budding yeast.
The image shows individual cells of one of the strains used in this study, where key
factors localized in and around the nucleus are visualized by means of fluorescent
protein tags: the single-stranded DNA-binding RPA complex, shown here in green, serves
as a reporter for sites of damaged DNA; the nuclear periphery is decorated in red,
and nuclear pores are in blue. The study shows how—in response to polymerase-blocking
lesions—local clusters of single-stranded DNA emerge in the wake of replication forks
and are resolved far away from sites of ongoing genome replication in dedicated subnuclear
compartments, so-called postreplicative repair territories (PORTs).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/77_6.txt,vitg,77_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Newton et al. (pp. 3533–3545) reveal how DNA topology regulates Cas9 off-target
activity. Using single-molecule microscopy, NGS, and live-cell editing, they show
that negative DNA supercoiling increases Cas9 off-target activity across the human
genome. In the same way that they were able to manipulate and unwind individual DNA
molecules, the artwork depicts two hands untwisting the DNA, exposing a Cas9 off-target
site. This beautiful illustration is brought to life by the Dotted Leafs art team
with Matt Newton's and David Rueda's assistance.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_6.txt,vith,83_6.txt,"On the cover: The artwork, designed by Gianluca Matera and Imma Matera (Tipstudio)
and realized by Imma Matera, represents the main findings of the research article
from Matera et al. (pp. 629–644) in this issue of Molecular Cell. The central part of the graphic shows an actual porous sponge (OppX RNA in the article)
in the process of absorbing RNA molecules (sRNAs such as MicF). The sponging events
lead to optimized nutrient transport, artistically realized with pearl chains (oligopeptides)
passing through holes (porins). The choice of the background colors were purely based
on aesthetic reasons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/82_22.txt,clip,82_22.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_1.png,B,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Two catalysts in synergy
The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.
See Rui et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Redesigned biocatalyst
Simultaneously expanding the scope of electrophiles and nucleophiles for hydroamination reactions catalysed by ammonia lyases is a formidable challenge that requires a thorough reconstruction of the protein’s active site. Here, Cui et al. use a mechanism-based computational strategy to redesign the enzyme, generating a versatile hydroamination biocatalyst for C–N bond formation and demonstrating its synthetic value in the preparation of a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic and charged non-natural amino acids.
See Cui et al.
Image: Bian Wu. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_8.txt,ave_2,4_8.txt,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,val
Med,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_3.png,B,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally and
the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The prognosis for advanced gastric
cancer is poor, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies.
In this issue of Med, Li et al. conducted a phase 2 clinical study to explore the efficacy and safety of combining
two different anti-HER2 antibodies plus XELOX as first-line therapy for patients with
HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. The study reveals that the treatment regimen
significantly extended progression-free survival and improved antitumor response in
these patients, with manageable safety profiles, supporting the clinical benefits
of dual HER2 blockade.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants poses a new treat to vaccine
effectiveness and may lead to waves of resurgence. Effective T cell memory is essential
for productive anti-viral immunity following vaccination and its reactivation may
enhance immunity to novel pathogens. In this issue, Mysore et al. (pp. 1050–1071)
show that memory T cells generated by prior measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or tetanus-diptheria-pertussis
(Tdap) vaccination are reactivated by SARS-CoV-2 antigens following infection or mRNA,
suggesting that MMR and Tdap vaccines may promote heterologous anti-viral immunity
against COVID-19. Our cover depicts memory T cells (in green) responding to and neutralizing
SARS-CoV-2 virions (in purple) in an individual that was previously vaccinated either
against MMR or Tdap. Image credit: Tanya Mayadas-Norton and Michael Grant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_4.txt,clip,2_4.txt,"On the cover: Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance by shedding surface proteins,
such as the stress-induced MICA/B ligands that are expressed by many human cancers
but rarely on healthy cells. In this issue, Goulding and colleagues (pp. 457–477)
engineer a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that targets MICA/B, prevents surface
shedding, and exhibits broad anti-tumor activity across cancer types when incorporated
into an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer (iPSC NK) platform. The
iPSC NK cell platform can incorporate multiple antigens, has a desirable safety profile,
and can be scaled up to allow for off-the-shelf treatment of patients. The cover image
represents engineered NK cells (in red) recognizing and attacking tumor cells (in
white). Cover art: idalle via iStock/Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_6.txt,ave_2,4_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_6.png,A,"The cover showcases custom laser-engineered membranes used for generating lidocaine-loaded nanocapsules via membrane emulsification. These nanoemulsions, based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES), enhance drug solubility and bioavailability. The study demonstrates controlled drug release through diffusion and highlights the potential of DES-based nanoemulsions in biomedical drug delivery applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"The cover depicts the history of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, from its inception six years ago to the present day, by featuring a selection of covers over that period. The most prominent cover in the graphic is from the first issue of the journal. The ACS Applied Materials & Interface editors are proud of the journal?s rapid growth and its sustained focus on quality and applications. In celebration of the success of ACS AMI, we present a virtual issue highlighting some of our favorite articles from over the last six years.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_41.txt,vith,2015_41.txt,"Self-assembled atomically ordered porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have been employed as platform materials for many potential applications such as catalysis, gas storage/separation, energy storage, and drug delivery because of the highly tunable nature of MOFs. Cover art by Dr. Timur Islamoglu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2017_13.txt,clip,2017_13.txt,"Current microencapsulation methodologies show great promise to facilitate targeted delivery of active ingredients. However, encapsulation and retention of small, volatile actives is still a challenge because of their associated rapid diffusion through current polymer shells. The work highlighted on the cover demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of microcapsules with a continuous impermeable metal shell that prevents the release of encapsulated small aromatic oils. The cover graphic, created by Kirsty Stark, is an optical micrograph showing microcapsules (synthesized to be purposefully large, ~100 μm) with a continuous gold film observed under reflected light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_24.txt,vitg,2015_24.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_378,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_378.png,A,COVER This week features a Protocol that describes software used to explore how polarization in membrane lipids occurs in response to chemotactic stimuli. The image depicts the simulated PIP3 concentration when a cell is experiencing chemotactic stimuli from two point sources at opposing poles.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_378.txt,groundtruth,2007_378.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a cryogenic-chemical preservation method for analyzing the redox status of tissues in transgenic mice expressing a redox-sensitive probe. The image shows the signal from the probe in a developing mouse embryo, with the brighter signal indicating a higher oxidation state. [Image: Leticia P. Roma, Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_419.txt,vith,9_419.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a XXXXX that describes XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. The image shows XXXXXXXXX. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_155.txt,clip,4_155.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Maus et al. report that eicosanoids influence neutrophil polarization in mouse models of wound healing and sepsis. The image is a colorized transmission electron micrograph of a section through a human neutrophil showing the characteristic lobed nucleus in dark blue. Credit: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_793.txt,vitg,16_793.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_11.png,C,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"There is a growing appreciation of the functions of tissue-resident immune cells and
their importance in immune surveillance and throughout the immune response. Recent
findings are providing new insights into the mechanisms targeting these cells to specific
tissues, and how these populations are maintained in homeostasis and respond in times
of immune challenge. Trends in Immunology is excited to announce a special year-long series of articles devoted to examining
tissue-resident immune cells and their diverse functions. In the inaugural article
of this series, on pages 30–39, Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang discuss the dynamic
mechanisms that govern lymph node stromal cells during homeostasis and active immunity.
The cover depicts, by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the close association
of dendritic cells (red) with an extensive and interconnected fibroblastic reticular
cell (FRC) network (cyan) populating lymphoid tissue. Through the dynamic production
of various chemotactic and survival cues, FRCs and other stromal cell subsets coordinate
the migration, positioning, and homeostatic maintenance of immune cells. Cover image
courtesy of Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_13.txt,vitg,36_13.txt,"Aligned with the Spring season, the image symbolizes development and
metamorphosis (as seen for butterflies). In terms of T lymphocyte development, CD4+
T cells in the mammalian intestinal intraepithelium can undergo massive transcriptional
reprogramming, leading to their metamorphosis into phenotypically and functionally
distinct CD4+CD8αα+ T cells. On pages 288–302, Can Li, Dominic Lanasa, and Jung-
Hyun Park review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms and developmental
pathways of CD4+CD8αα+ T cells. Image created with Biorender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_11.txt,groundtruth,45_11.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vith,36_3.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_1.png,C,"The cover depicts the 17O labeling of oxalate ligands through ball-milling, enabling further structural studies of oxalate-containing minerals via solid-state NMR (as illustrated by the magnetic field lines). The metallic beads shown as shooting stars represent the high-energy ball milling process, while the drop of water represents the small quantities of enriched water used.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_31.txt,vith,2024_31.txt,The cover illustrates the use of different acetylpyridine ligands in the design of two new cyanido-bridged Fe(II)−Ag(I) coordination polymers displaying thermally- and photo-induced spin crossover. The choice of the acetylpyridine ligand is the key to the observed properties. Cover art designed by Jezreel Parra and Carlos Cruz.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,"The crystal field splitting of neodymium(III) is determined by the full electrostatic potential of the donor atoms, which for water requires a description of the orientation of all nine coordinating donor ligands. Or briefly, the properties of lanthanide(III) aqua ions are defined by the shape of water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The cover shows an electron beam and a diffraction pattern as well as two representations of a porous copper phosphonate. The intralayer ad/desorption process of water molecules was elucidated in situ by electron diffraction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2023_51.txt,clip,2023_51.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_22.png,C,"Solar panels can not only produce electricity but are also in early-stage development for the production of chemical energy carriers. In this Account, we introduce solar panels known as ""artificial leaves"" and ""photocatalyst sheets"" for the solar-powered conversion of carbon dioxide and solid waste streams to sustainable fuels and chemicals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,vitg,2023_6.txt,"liquid phase separation (LLPS), can result in diverse supramolecular structures, ranging from highly ordered forms to more disordered organizations, such as droplets or glasses. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,Aconitases are [4Fe–4S]2+ cluster-containing enzymes that are sensitive to metabolically-generated reactive species including superoxide radical (O2,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_4.txt,clip,2019_4.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_4.png,C,"In this issue
Dental services may have resumed in a limited capacity, but there is still a storm on the horizon. How do practices move from survival to revival?
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_5.txt,ave_2,33_5.txt,"In this associate themed issue...
Associates are the lifeblood of NHS dentistry in today's climate. But is the NHS climate forcing associates to look for private work?
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_4.txt,clip,32_4.txt,"In this issue...
September's cover feature asks whether paediatric patients are harder to reach than ever before
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_4.txt,groundtruth,37_4.txt,"In this issue...
Do you think you take fewer risks due to the environment you work in? That’s the question posed in this month’s issue. Is there an over-bearing, disjointed regulator providing a hostile environment so practitioners play it safe? Read on to find out.
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_7.png,C,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,vith,2014_5.txt,"This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis.  Image credit: Benyin Zhang",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt,ave_1,2017_6.txt,"Measuring the cell penetration of biotherapeutics is challenging. New techniques are revealing precisely how much of a peptide or oligonucleotide drug penetrates to the cytosol or nucleus of target cells. Excitingly, these techniques are now being used to reveal differential penetration into different cell types, allowing drug developers to better understand how these drugs get into cells and what governs their cell-type selectivity. Cover art was generated with the assistance of Canva Magic Studio and Adobe Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_2.png,A,"Battery longevity from new datasets
The demand for public datasets in battery research is growing as the need for transparent analyses of battery health increases. Jan Figgener and colleagues address this need through an extensive eight-year study of twenty-one lithium-ion battery systems, providing valuable insights into longevity for home storage applications.
See Figgener et al.
Image: CARL RWTH Aachen University. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Batteries at the crossroads
Post lithium-ion battery strategies have long been proposed to achieve higher energy output and longer lifespans than lithium-ion batteries. Despite tremendous research efforts and improvements, questions remain as to whether they will realise their full market potential. In this issue, we highlight important advances in key aspects of fundamental processes in four representative post lithium-ion batteries, which lay foundations for their future development.
See Nature Energy 1, 16147 (2016).
Image: Monty Rakusen/Cultura/Getty.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_4.txt,vith,1_4.txt,"Now we are five
Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors.
See Editorial
Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Algorithms for all
Neighbourhood-scale batteries can help regulate supply and demand in renewable-heavy electricity systems, but their control algorithms tend to focus on techno-economic needs. A new interdisciplinary study shows how incorporating stakeholder perceptions into algorithm design can lead to diverse outcomes in the allocation of benefit and risk from the battery.
See Ransan-Cooper et al.
Image:fStop Images GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_5.txt,vitg,6_5.txt,train
Med,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_2.png,C,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the Cover: While monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have received emergency
approval for treatment, they do not persist in serum for extended periods and must
be administered intravenously, which affects their use. In this issue, Cobb et al.
(pp. 188–203) report the development of ADM03820, a neutralizing antibody cocktail
engineered for increased stability and decreased interaction with immune cells. Intramuscular
administration of ADM03820 in rhesus macaques protects them against SARS-CoV-2 challenge
in the lungs and nasopharynx in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that
the neutralizing capacity of ADM03820 alone is capable of protection against infection,
even when potentially beneficial immune cell interactions are eliminated. The data
can also be used to estimate neutralizing antibody titers capable of preventing infection
in non-human primate models. The extended half-life of the neutralizing Ab cocktail
in serum makes it a promising candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk
and immunocompromised individuals. Cover designed and created by Salvatore Fabbiano.
Cover art adapted from mrsim/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images and Elena Fomina/iStock/Getty
Images Plus via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"On the cover: Obesity is a known risk factor for some types of cancers. With the global
rise in overweight and obesity rates, it is important to understand the impact on
cancer incidence. In this issue of Med, Liu et al present an analysis of data from a population-based cancer registry in China covering
14.4 million individuals between 2007–2021. Worryingly, they note an increase in obesity-related
cancers, especially among younger adults. These findings highlight the need for public
health interventions and policies to address obesity as a risk factor and lower premature
mortality rates. Cover credit: d3sign via Moments/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_10.png,D,"Electronic skins lead the way
An electronic-skin compass, which is fabricated on 6-μm-thick polymeric foils and accommodates magnetic field sensors based on the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect, allows a person to orient with respect to Earth’s magnetic field and to manipulate objects in virtual reality. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of the compass under a bending radius of 200 μm.
See Makarov et al. and News & Views by Heidari
Image: Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf e.V. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_2.txt,vith,1_2.txt,"Integrated devices get a little cooler
High-performance microthermoelectric coolers, which are composed of pairs of thermoelectric ‘legs’ and convert electricity into cooling, can be fabricated using methods compatible with the modern semiconductor industry. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of the integrated microthermoelectric device, which has a packing density of around 5,000 leg pairs per cm2.
See Li et al. and News & Views by Vaughan
Image: Guodong Li, IFW Dresden. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,"Organic transistors actively adapt for brighter vision
In an approach that mimics the capabilities of the human visual system, an organic transistor based on two complementary bulk heterojunctions can exhibit visual adaptation behaviour that is light intensity dependent. The photograph on the cover shows an array of the devices on a flexible substrate and attached to a transparent marble.
See He et al. and News & Views by Jie et al.
Image: Zihan He, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_6.txt,vitg,4_6.txt,"An elemental nonlinear Hall effect
Thin films of the element bismuth — an environmentally friendly and scalable material — can exhibit a tunable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect, which could be of use in the development of optoelectronic devices. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a bismuth Hall cross device, which is used to explore magnetotransport and the nonlinear Hall effect in the polycrystalline thin films.
See Makushko et al. and News & Views by Belosevich et al.
Image: © HZDR. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,train
Matter,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_11.png,D,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the cover: The editorial team at Matter has selected 2D layered heterostructures as our second annual materials system to
highlight in our 2022 Pieces of Matter Collection. From a combinatorial perspective,
a deck of cards makes a great analogy when talking about layered 2D materials. As
depicted on the cover of this issue, we can consider a set of 2D layers like a poker
hand. Unlike poker, where it is known that a flush beats a pair, for example, in materials
science, the emergent behavior of the combination—i.e., what is useful/desirable—changes
according to many variables. It would be like comparing a poker hand to a hand in
blackjack: it all depends on the context. The resulting “winning” hands are therefore
nearly limitless—it just depends on the application. Cover illustration by SciFig
(Mitra, Aram, and Farzan; https://sci-fig.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_1.txt,vitg,5_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,ave_0,4_1.txt,"On the cover: Chirality is a fundamental property of the universe. The cover of this
issue of Matter presents the synthesis of bichiral perovskite nanocrystals by Liu et al. The primary visual elements of the illustration, featuring two types of chiral nanocrystals,
represent mirror-symmetrical matter in the cosmos. Stimulated by high-energy radiation
in the universe, these perovskite nanoscintillators generate photogenerated charge
carriers with opposite spin directions. This introduces a novel concept of chiral
perovskite scintillator materials with promising prospects for innovative materials,
drug delivery systems, and various bioengineering applications.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_2.png,C,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,vith,2024_12.txt,HBV persistence in the host cells is mediated by several regulatory proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR7 plays a crucial role in suppressing the IFN-β signaling and promotes viral proliferation leading to HBV-induced HCC.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.png,D,"An important step towards scaling up lithographic nanofabrication is the development of resists that can be processed with innocuous chemicals, such as water. Fiorenzo Omenetto and co-workers report on the use of silk fibroin as a natural resist for electron-beam lithography and the development of a fabrication protocol that is all-water-based. Silk can be used either as a positive or negative resist and can also be functionalized with specific enzymes that retain their activity even after electron-beam exposure. The cover shows silk fibres and water droplets.
Letter p306; News & Views p251
BACKGROUND IMAGE: FIORENZO OMENETTO; WATER DROPLETS &copy; MURRAY CLARKE/ALAMY
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/9_9.txt,vitg,9_9.txt,"Superlubricity occurs when friction between two sliding surfaces almost vanishes. This phenomenon has been observed so far only for small specimens that are a few micrometres wide at most. Yingying Zhang and colleagues have now observed superlubricity between centimetre-long concentric carbon nanotubes (schematically shown on the cover), which was made possible by a synthesis method that allows the production of pure carbon nanotubes that are several centimetres long.
Letter p912; News & Views p893
IMAGE: FEI WEI
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/8_1.txt,clip,8_1.txt,"Chitosan membrane for hydroxide exchange
The image depicts a membrane with 1 nm nanochannels made by crosslinking chitosan molecules with copper ions. The membrane exhibits promising performance for hydroxide exchange applications.
See Hu
IMAGE: Jiaqi Dai. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_7.txt,vith,17_7.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,groundtruth,19_3.txt,train
Cell Systems,16_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/16_2.png,B,"On the cover: Electrical waves propagate along linear tracks of engineered excitable
cells (iOS-HEK cells). In this issue of Cell Systems, McNamara et al. (359–370) show that the spiking patterns of iOS-HEK cells depend
sensitively on the shape of the tissue in which they are embedded. Beating of cardiomyocytes
also depends on the tissue geometry, implying that efforts to model cardiac arrhythmias
in vitro must account for the difference in geometry between cell culture and the heart.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_3.txt,vith,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Heatmap of temporal activity of ERK, measured using the modified ERK
kinase translocation reporter (KTR) and read out as cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio in thousands
of single A375 cells, before and after treatment with 10 nM Trametinib indicated by
the black line. In this issue of Cell Systems, Hoffman et al. find that ERK and p38 KTRs can be partly phosphorylated by CDK2, a phenomenon unmasked
under MAPK pathway inhibition. The authors show that the modified FRET-based sensor,
EKAREN5, does not show this crosstalk and that, by co-expressing the ERK or p38 KTR
with the CDK2 sensor, contributions of CDK2 activity on the KTR signals can be removed.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/16_2.txt,groundtruth,16_2.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Transparency can change your perspective. In the Editorial in this issue
of Cell Systems, Quincey Justman (1–2) clarifies how editors make decisions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_6.txt,ave_2,9_6.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.png,A,"Using computational tools to predict response to immunotherapies, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,"Using AI to predict clinical outcomes, inspired by the Perspective on p132.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_11.txt,vith,19_11.txt,"Towards diversity in AI oncology applications, inspired by the Perspective on p628.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_5.txt,clip,21_5.txt,"Single-cell analysis of tumour immunology, inspired by the Perspective on p244.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_9.txt,vitg,18_9.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_10.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image shows the attack of small-molecule inhibitor spaceships
on the GPX4 space station in an attempt to trigger ferroptosis, a type of regulated
cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, indicated by the orange flames. See the paper
by Liu et al., 1680–1693; image courtesy of Nicoletta Barolini, Columbia University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_1.txt,clip,29_1.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_1,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: Two pathways (umbrellas) are responsible for NAD+ production in mammalian
cells: the NAPRT-mediated biosynthesis pathway and the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway.
Zhu et al. develop and assess a second generation PROTAC (rain drops) that degrades and functionally
inactivates NAMPT, leading to the death of NAMPT-positive tumor cells exclusively
relying on the salvage pathway (right fire). In contrast, cells expressing NAPRT are
capable of using nicotinic acid to synthesize NAD+ and are resistant to the effects
of the NAMPT-targeting PROTAC (left fire).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_10.txt,groundtruth,31_10.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.png,B,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt,groundtruth,45_11.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,vith,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.png,A,"The first Pd-catalyzed stereospecific C-glycosylation of reversed anomeric stannanes yields non-classical aryl and vinyl C-glycosides in good to excellent yields with exclusive stereocontrol, distinguishing this method as the current state-of-the-art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,This cover image shows that a phosphino-phenolate nickel catalyst affords ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) from ethylene polymerization. The cobbles on the beach implies the capability of this precipitation polymerization strategy to afford polymer products with good morphology control.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,val
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.png,A,"Engineering assembly pathways
Visualizing and manipulating the self-assembly pathways of nanoparticles to form functionalized superstructures remains challenging. Now, Xingchen Ye, Sharon Glotzer and colleagues image the complete self-assembly process of gold nanocubes in situ through liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Both molecular dynamics simulations and scaling theory were applied to quantify the interactions between the nanocubes and solvent to enable on-the-fly control of the self-assembly pathways. The cover image shows the self-assembly of gold nanocubes into three distinct superlattices.
See Zhong et al. and Woehl
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.txt,groundtruth,1_5.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,vitg,1_8.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_22.png,B,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Synthesis and application of branched polymers are like the root and fruit of a tree. The stronger the root of a tree, the higher the amount of fruit.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,val
BDJ,238_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/238_1.png,A,"In this issue
This issue features articles on primary tooth extractions, supervised toothbrushing programmes, and pterygoid implants.

Cover image: Hang in there. An ode to the poor prognosis tooth which has weathered the ages, through thick and thin.
©Pippasha Khan @DrPippa.K",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/238_1.txt,groundtruth,238_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on mental wellbeing and stress, traumatic dental injuries and minimally invasive endodontics.

Cover image: The measure of a system is its adequacy in the face of adversity. Holding on to knowledge, ethical principles and technical skills, the dentist shoulders the weight in balancing healthcare standards. (Graphite and digital media.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_1.txt,ave_2,233_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,clip,228_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,vitg,233_12.txt,test
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_1.png,C,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,ave_1,24_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,ave_2,25_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry focusses entirely on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry. The importance of this topic cannot be overstressed given that almost 10% of antibiotic prescriptions are issued by dentists and antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to global public health.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"In this issue:
This themed issue of Evidence Based Dentistry explores the evidence underpinning our attempts to help people quit smoking. In particular it examines the role of vaping and its effects on both dental treatment and on the oral cavity.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_1.txt,clip,24_1.txt,val
Structure,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_6.png,D,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows four images of different structures formed by the retromer
protein complex, together with a schematic model of how one retromer structure may
orient itself with respect to endosomal membranes. Kendall et al. (393–405) used single-particle
cryo-EM studies to visualize these structures, which suggest that the retromer may
function as a plastic and adaptable scaffold in cells. Cover art by Amy Kendall and
Lauren Jackson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_9.txt,ave_1,28_9.txt,"On the cover: Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling regulate numerous physiological functions. Overloaded Ca2+ stores promote cell death and dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leading to diseases including cancers. Guo et al. (pp. 1013–1021) present
crystal structures of a prokaryotic TMBIM Ca2+ channel (ribbons) in which a pH- and ion-sensitive aspartyl dyad forms H-bonds with
an arginine residue on TM2 (cyan) and regulates the opening and closing of a transmembrane
pore for Ca2+ translocation across bilayer membranes (spheres).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_7.txt,clip,27_7.txt,"On the cover: The immune receptors and ligands within the Nectin/Necl co-receptor
axis are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. Hu et al. determined the Nectin-2-bound PVRIG structure and provide insights into the affinity-dependent
intra-axis immunoregulatory mechanism. The cover symbolizes the race between four
immune receptors depicted as Chinese dragons for their ligand, Nectin-2, the dragon
ball. The inhibitory receptor PVRIG (blue dragon) with a higher affinity catches the
ligand, while the activating receptor DNAM-1 (red dragon) awaits its chance. Cover
art credit: Han Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,train
Science Robotics,10_98,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/10_98.png,B,"ONLINE COVER The Hannes Hand. Developing prostheses with improved functionality and better embodiment may reduce the abandonment rate of these devices. Laffranchi et al. report a bioinspired prosthetic upper limb system, called Hannes, that exhibits key properties of the human hand: accurate anthropomorphism, biomimetic performance, and human-like grasping behavior. Pilot clinical trials involving amputees showed that Hannes performed better than existing devices. This month's cover is a photograph of the Hannes hand prosthesis (see also the Focus by Nazarpour). [IMAGE CREDIT: DDPSTUDIO ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/5_46.txt,ave_1,5_46.txt,"ONLINE COVER Exoskeletons—Overcoming the Ceiling Effect in Motor Skills. Learning a motor skill often plateaus, resulting in the ceiling effect whereby no further training can improve the skill level. Furuya et al. have developed a hand exoskeleton for pianists to surmount the ceiling effect in their skill level through exposure to complex finger movements that would not be possible voluntarily. They demonstrated that, after the exoskeleton was no longer used, the pianists could play faster with both their trained hand and their contralateral untrained hand with evidence of neuroplastic adaptation. This month’s cover is an image of a pianist training with the exoskeleton. Credit: Y. Ogasawara",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/10_98.txt,groundtruth,10_98.txt,"ONLINE COVER Piano Forte. Human hands are complex and agile, but most robotic end effectors are simple and bulky. Hughes et al. used 3D-printing technology to create robotic devices that mimic human hands, with stiff skeletal frames surrounded by flexible ""ligaments"" controlling movement at joints. They varied ligament stiffness and the force applied to strike a piano key; the resulting data led to models predicting the range of motion for a specific set of conditions. The validity of the approach and the design was demonstrated with a system able to play excerpts of three different pieces of music, representing a range of styles, in a manner close to that of a human. [CREDIT: J. HUGHES & N. CHORNAY/UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_25.txt,clip,3_25.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Human-Robot Interaction. Prosthetic systems that provide a strong sense of agency and ownership between the user and the prosthesis will improve performance and reduce the rate of device abandonment. Marasco et al. have developed a neural-machine interface for a bionic prosthetic arm that leverages the sense of touch to enhance physical ownership and provides grip kinesthesia to enhance agency. This month's cover is a photograph of the inside socket of a bionic prosthetic arm (see also Focus by Ortiz-Catalan). Credit: Courtney Shell, Dylan Beckler, Zachary Thumser, and Paul Marasco/Laboratory for Bionic Integration, Cleveland Clinic",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_58.txt,ave_2,6_58.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_12.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image depicts the expression of multiple cell fate determinants
and the PLT2 transcription factor gradient in growing root tips. In this issue, Durgaprasad
et al. report that dosage of PLT2, expressed in a gradient, orchestrates regeneration
competence at the root tip. Image by Kavya Durgaprasad and artwork by Anju P S.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/29_12.txt,clip,29_12.txt,"On the cover: Hamann et al. report on the cell death mechanism entosis and its induction
during glucose withdrawal. Winner cells in this context kill and feed on engulfed
loser cells, allowing for the selection and continued proliferation of a subpopulation
of tumor cells during prolonged nutrient starvation. The image represents an entotic
winner cell that has engulfed surrounding loser cells. Artwork by Wenjing Wu. ©2017,
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/20_13.txt,vith,20_13.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,"On the cover: Spring represents a critical period of growth analogous to the critical
period for ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. The image depicts mice using vision to
hunt crickets under a fused tree crown representing the superior colliculus (SC).
In this issue, Hu and Chen et al. find that the critical period for OD plasticity in the mouse SC is independent of
the primary visual cortex and requires NMDA receptors. Concept and artwork: Xuefeng
Shi and Yanbing Shi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_12.txt,groundtruth,43_12.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_3.png,A,"In the chaos of solvation, macromolecules lose their rigidity. An increase in solvent polarity decreases the persistence length of anthranilamide molecular electrets.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Background: Spatially Resolved Hydration Thermodynamics in Biomolecular Systems (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (20), 3619–3631. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpχb.2c01088). Clockwise from top left: Aggregation of DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles in Water: The Critical Role of Sequence-Dependent Conformation of DNA Coating (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (4), 847–857. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09450); Photochemical Reaction of Ketoprofen with Proteinogenic Amino Acids (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (10), 2098–2107. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10108); Nanopumps without Pressure Gradients: Ultrafast Transport of Water in Patterned Nanotubeσ (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (3), 660–669. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07562); Long-Range Charge Delocalization Mediates the Ultrafast Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Cu2+-Active Site in Azurin (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (29), 5390–5399. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01427); Distinctive Formation of PEG-Lipid Nanopatches onto Solid Polymer Surfaces Interfacing Solvents from Atomistic Simulation (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (7), 1598–1608. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07490); Influence of the Greater Protein Environment on the Electrostatic Potential in Metalloenzyme Active Sites: The Case of Formate Dehydrogenase (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (22), 4069–4079. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02260).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Background: Spatially Resolved Hydration Thermodynamics in Biomolecular Systems (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (20), 3619–3631. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01088). Clockwise from top left: Aggregation of DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles in Water: The Critical Role of Sequence-Dependent Conformation of DNA Coating (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (4), 847–857. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09450); Photochemical Reaction of Ketoprofen with Proteinogenic Amino Acids (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (10), 2098–2107. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10108); Nanopumps without Pressure Gradients: Ultrafast Transport of Water in Patterned Nanotubes (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (3), 660–669. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07562); Long-Range Charge Delocalization Mediates the Ultrafast Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Cu2+-Active Site in Azurin (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (29), 5390–5399. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01427); Distinctive Formation of PEG-Lipid Nanopatches onto Solid Polymer Surfaces Interfacing Solvents from Atomistic Simulation (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (7), 1598–1608. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07490); Influence of the Greater Protein Environment on the Electrostatic Potential in Metalloenzyme Active Sites: The Case of Formate Dehydrogenase (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (22), 4069–4079. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02260).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2023_42.txt,vitg,2023_42.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_22.txt,vith,2022_22.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_3.png,D,"The cover illustrates the different structure of a mixed ionic liquid at a gold electrode surface compared to its bulk structure. A higher density of [C4mim]+ cations reside on the surface, represented by blue/green molecules, compared to [C4mpyrr]+ cations, shown as red molecules, despite many more [C4mpyrr]+ ions present in the bulk. Electricity shows the conversion of oxygen to superoxide in the electric double layer, which was used as an electrochemical probe to understand the surface structure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_1.txt,vith,2022_1.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,ave_1,2021_1.txt,"The cover features the kinetics of tetracyanoethylene on a copper surface at two different temperatures. For increasing dosages, the system undergoes a thermodynamically driven phase transition from lying to standing. As this transition notably changes the physical properties of the interface, we study how to kinetically inhibit this change. Based on first principles, we predict that molecules can be trapped in a lying orientation in the temperature range of 110",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_6.txt,clip,2022_6.txt,"Protein engineering is in large part “a game” to construct a protein from amino acid building blocks. The game can be stochastic, such as directed evolution or, if the rules of the game are known, rational design can be involved. Here, we took advantage of both approaches to develop new archaerhodopsin-3-based fluorescent genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with red-shifted absorption bands and potential-dependent bright fluorescence.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_11.png,D,"Mechanosensing alters metabolism in pancreatic cancer
Mechanosensing affects pancreatic cancer cell migration, metabolism and metastatic potential by targeting the creatine–phosphagen ATP-recycling system.
See Papalazarou et al.
Image: Vassilis Papalazarou and Nikki R. Paul. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_12.txt,ave_0,2_12.txt,"Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons
Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons.
See Quarta et al.
Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Embryonic metabolism
The metabolic landscape of early murine embryo development is reconstructed, which provides insight into the metabolic processes associated with the transition of cells from totipotency to pluripotency.
See Zhao, Yao, Yu, Zhang, Xu et al.
Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_3.txt,vitg,3_3.txt,"Insulin sparkles
Using a zinc-based fluorophore with spinning-disc confocal microscopy, Peng et al. visualize insulin secretion in intact mouse islets, thereby revealing a subpopulation of β cells that make a disproportionally large contribute to overall insulin release. Each coloured dot indicates an exocytosis event against the backdrop of stained β cells of a mouse islet.
See Peng et al.
Image: Liangyi Chen, Peking University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,test
Nature Cities,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/2_1.png,A,"Not just blowing in the wind
Plants find interesting places in cities, with some planted and some establishing on their own. A study by Kun Song and colleagues considers seed-dispersal modes of this latter group in cities in Yunnan Province, China, and finds that dispersal by self-propulsion and dispersal by animals are more common than by wind, and all are much more common than by water.
See Song et al.
Image: Zhiwen Gao, East China Normal University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,ave_2,1_11.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_1.png,B,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,"This study models the cyclases/histidine kinases associated with the sensory extracellular (CHASE) domain of the sensor protein DspS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It identifies a potential binding site for cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA) and discovers two novel biofilm-dispersing compounds, providing important insights into CDA recognition. The background image, featuring bacterial colonies, was created using Adobe Creative Cloud.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,clip,2022_10.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,val
NATURE METHODS,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/22_1.png,C,"Special Feature: Nature Methods turns 15!
This month we celebrate the fifteen-year anniversary of Nature Methods. The cover artwork comprises images from previous covers of Nature Methods throughout the years.
Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_3.txt,ave_2,16_3.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,"Aligning single cell trajectories
Conceptual visualization of aligning cells from two different datasets in time and space. Computational alignment is helping the Human Cell Atlas community create reference maps of the body to understand health and disease.
See Article
Image: Dinithi Sumanaweera, University of Cambridge | Su Min Suh, SciStories LLC. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,vith,11_3.txt,val
Macromolecules,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_3.png,B,Stretchable supramolecular hydrogels with a unique colloidal network are developed by polymerization-induced hydrogen bond complexation and thus microphase separation to form colloidal particles that combine into clusters and finally a continuous colloidal network. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_21.txt,vith,2022_21.txt,Hydrodynamic simulations show that liquid flow has two opposing effects on the speed at which the volume of a nanogel particle changes during collapse and expansion. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_9.png,D,"authored by friends and colleagues of Mark. Cover image originally appeared in volume 3, issue 7 (April 5, 2012) of J. Phys. Chem. Lett. The figure is composed of work published in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_10.txt,vith,2021_10.txt,–56. DOI:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"The modeling of polaritonic chemical systems relies on a manifold of methods, which typically target the realistic description of one subcomponent of the system. Generalizing such methods to achieve a complete description poses the huge theoretical challenge discussed in this perspective. Such a challenge is met by multiscale approaches.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,"The image shows a glowing circle of dots on a black background. The dots are evenly spaced and become smaller as they move away from the center, creating a sense of movement and energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_3.png,A,"Lake ice has witnessed considerable changes in its phenology, but less is known about ice quality—the ratio of black ice to white ice. This Review assesses the changes in lake ice quality and its ecosystem services, noting diminished ice quality in observations and projections.
Image credit: robertharding / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"The Tibetan Plateau is being irreparably altered by anthropogenic forcings. This Focus Issue explores the geological, surface and climatic processes interacting across timescales, and highlights the need for collaboration to protect this fragile environment.
Image credit: Liu Xiaodong/VCG via Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_3.txt,vith,3_3.txt,"The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) underwent dramatic changes over the Holocene, impacting global sea levels. This Review discusses these pre-industrial Holocene changes and their drivers, as well as their relevance for current and future perturbations to the AIS. See Jones et al.
Image: Richard. S. Jones. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"Anthropogenic warming is causing cryosphere degradation, which is increasing erosion and sediment transport. This Review describes changes in sediment fluxes and explains how peak sediment will be reached as a result of deglaciation and permafrost thaw.
Image credit: Ting Zhang. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_6.png,A,"artially oxidized hyaluronic acid was prepared as an adjuvant of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription to treat deep soft tissue injuries. The hydrogel could improve the dosage form of the prescription as well as its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,A promising extrusion system based on an interfacial diffusion printing technique for one-step printing of tubular tissue grafts is proposed. The hydrogel grafts with the capability of enduring arterial pressure are mechanically stable in rabbit carotid artery replacement. Τhis work putσ forward a new bioengineering platform including high-performance materials and convenient techniques for small-diameter vascular grafts suitable for the coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,This Biomaterials Science and Engineering in China special issue provides a glimpse of some of the best biomaterials science and engineering research within China. This issue is dedicated to the journal's authors and reviewers in China in gratitude for the quantity and quality of submissions that the journal is receiving from China. We hope this special issue will continue to stimulate the advancement of this promising direction and lead the way to more original concepts and evolutionary ideas around the globe.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2018_7.txt,ave_0,2018_7.txt,marine-derived polysaccharides,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2016_1.txt,clip,2016_1.txt,train
ACS Omega,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_4.png,D,"This cover art illustrates the eco-friendly synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from plant-based precursors and their dual applications. Gold nanoparticles synthesized from CQDs are depicted, facilitating a transformative catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, alongside their use in vivid bacterial imaging. This visual encapsulation celebrates the fusion of green chemistry and nanotechnology, showcasing a novel stride toward environmental sustainability and biomedical advancement.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_31.txt,clip,2024_31.txt,The cover art represents the accurate delivery of penicillin-based sulfones into the periplasmic space via bacterial iron uptake pathways. The applied siderophore conjugation strategy allowed for the efficient inhibition of relevant,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_29.txt,vitg,2024_29.txt,"The cover art reflects the mechanism of action of Byu d Mar 25 in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology and verifies the reliability of the data results through the results of animal experiments, providing a systematic view of the potential mechanisms against AD.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_24.txt,vith,2023_24.txt,"The cover art illustrates Trypanosoma brucei navigating the bloodstream, highlighting the epigenetic target sirtuin-2-related protein 1, a key enzyme in DNA repair modulation. The figure spotlights its druggable binding site, interacting with molecular fragments that offer disruptive pathways for next-generation antiparasitic drug discovery. This artwork was created using OpenArt.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.png,B,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,vitg,2024_6.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.png,C,"Reaching out
The cover image of our first issue is a wool artwork entitled ‘Reach’, created by contemporary British artist Sarah Vaci. Reflecting the originality and courage of the artwork, Nature Cardiovascular Research aims to bring together the cardiovascular and blood community, and promote, champion and disseminate inspiring, thought-provoking and original research.
Image: Sarah Vaci. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,ave_2,3_6.txt,"Sleep and atherosclerosis
Kiss et al. review preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how sleep influences the nervous, metabolic and immune systems, with inadequate sleep affecting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
See Kiss et al.
Image: Siesta, Henri Manguin – Heritage Image Partnership / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.txt,groundtruth,3_2.txt,"The ‘sunset years’ come with sex differences in cardiometabolic health
Using a large cohort of people that spans three generations, Zhernakova et al. find that sex differences in risk factors and biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases change dynamically with age.
See Zhernakova et al. and News & Views by Miller and Heather
Image: Jingyuan Fu, University Medical Center Groningen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_6.png,D,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,ave_3,2022_6.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_2,2023_12.txt,"Wildfire particulate matter is comprised of a complex mixture of chemical species such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. Prevailing winds can transport fresh plumes to urban centers thousands of kilometers away from the burning site, and secondary processing may change the chemical composition during transport.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.png,B,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,clip,2024_18.txt,"A hippocampus being drawn: This cover art aims to represent the findings of our study on the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine on Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration, emphasizing cognitive improvements through the brain insulin pathway. The art was created in CorelDraw X8. The tridimensional c",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,ave_0,2020_3.txt,val
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_12.png,A,"Second-generation M1-polarized CAR macrophages
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to engineer CAR macrophages for immunotherapy. Zhang and colleagues design second-generation macrophage-specific CARs by integrating CD3ζ and TIR domains, resulting in M1-polarized CAR-iMACs with increased antitumor functions.
See Zhang et al.
Image credit: Jin Zhang, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"Sander and colleagues show that antigen presenting cells detect bacterial RNA from live bacteria via TLR8 and promote TFH cell differentiation through induction of a specific cytokine profile.
Image credit: Kristina Dietert and Achim D. Gruber Cover Design: Erin Dwalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Nature Immunology has commissioned a series of Reviews to make sense of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, highlighting the value of spatial and other omic technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more.
See:
Image credit: Haiming Wei, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,vitg,24_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_0,21_6.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_3.png,B,"Cover shows an illustration of collecting targeted information extracted from manuscripts including chemicals, experimental sentences, nanomaterial compositions and morphologies. The statistics of collected information is displayed using a computer visualization tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2020_7.txt,vith,2020_7.txt,"Adsorption of a molecule on a metal surface, a key initial step in surface chemical reactions: Quantum computers, faintly visible in the background, enable the modeling of strong correlation effects and complex molecule–surface interactions, surpassing the limitations of classical methods. Advanced quantum algorithms promise to revolutionize the understanding of catalytic processes, paving the way for sustainable innovations in chemistry and materials science. This image was generated using the AI platform Gemini.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"A new end-to-end method for predicting the carbon capture and storage (CCS) properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is highlighted. Only the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) is required in this method, which generates feature maps by projection and utilizes Deep Learning (DL) models for accurate performance prediction. This method has been proven to rapidly screen high performance materials from datasets.   View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2022_11.txt,clip,2022_11.txt,"Graphic from this issue of J. Chem. Inf. Model. The cover presents a collection of images from our special issue on the results from the 2014 Community Structure–Activity Resource (CSAR) benchmark exercises. The CSAR exercise is a blind challenge that affords a prospective test for modern structure-based drug design (SBDD) tools. Using the knowledge gained from CSAR, researchers can refine their modeling protocols to improve the reliability of SBDD to identify active compounds or drug candidates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2016_7.txt,vitg,2016_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_11.png,C,"Wind energy production has increased in recent years to mitigate climate change. However, climate change may itself modify wind energy resources. This Review discusses the climatic mechanisms influencing current and future wind energy production, finding spatial variability in projected responses and a dominance of internal variability. See Pryor et al.
Image: Miguel Navarro / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_1.txt,clip,1_1.txt,"The transition to renewable energy requires notable quantities of technology metals and materials, the production of which causes substantial environmental damage. This Review discusses raw material extraction approaches that optimize technical performance and reduce environmental impacts. See Pell et al.
Image: Opla/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_3.txt,ave_1,2_3.txt,"Regions with low electricity generation and minor reliance on fossil fuels have potential to avoid fossil fuel dependence and directly transition to renewable energy systems. This Perspective explores the capacity of African countries to transition in such a way while meeting growing electricity demands.
Image credit: Anton Petrus / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"Lithium is an essential resource for the energy transition, owing to its widespread use in rechargeable batteries. This Review describes the freshwater and chemical inputs, wastes and environmental impacts of direct lithium extraction technologies and how to manage them.
Image credit: Bloomberg Creative/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_10.txt,ave_3,4_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_3.png,C,"Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_3.txt,vitg,2013_3.txt,somersault1824.com,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_11.txt,clip,2020_11.txt,"Inhalation toxicity testing primarily relies on rodent testing, highlighting the lack of reliable and validated lung cell models. To enhance the predictive power of lung cell models, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be applied. This framework causally links sequences of key events (KEs) from a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome in animals. We summarize the current state of art in endpoint analysis in the two systems with a focus on inflammatory-induced effects and provide some guidance for future research directions to improve the alignment.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,vith,2017_3.txt,val
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.png,C,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,groundtruth,1_4.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_5.png,A,"On the cover: Node distance distribution (NDD) ranking of areas in the human brain
surface indicated by colormap. In this issue of Cell Systems, Varga et al. consider time-lags when constructing functional brain networks and employ the statistical
distribution of network properties instead of analyzing a single averaged network.
They unveil a stable functional architecture that is characterized by a strong 0-lag
backbone and weaker, but informative links at different time delays. Image credit:
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_5.txt,groundtruth,15_5.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,ave_2,10_3.txt,"On the cover: Transparency can change your perspective. In the Editorial in this issue
of Cell Systems, Quincey Justman (1–2) clarifies how editors make decisions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_6.txt,vith,9_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,val
Cancer Cell,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_11.png,A,"On the cover: Zhou et al. report the results of a phase 3 trial that demonstrates the efficacy and safety of
serplulimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced squamous
non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). The cover shows a collage of pathology slices
and lively colors that represent the complexity of the disease but also symbolize
how the results of this ASTRUM-004 study have invigorated research and innovation
in sqNSCLC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/37_4.txt,vitg,37_4.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,val
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_4.png,C,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_6.txt,ave_1,40_6.txt,"Autoantibody binding is central to autoimmune diseases and broadly
linked to cancer, infections, and behavioural disorders. The lack of understanding
of disease-specific epitopes — crucial for pathology and diagnosis — has led to
misclassification of autoimmune neurological diseases. In this issue, Ivan Talucci
and
Hans Michael Maric propose the utilization of newly available technology to decode
epitope landscapes in neurological diseases to unlock new avenues for patient
diagnosis and treatment. They highlight the relevance of B and T cell epitopes for
identifying biomarkers in high-risk patients and discuss how synthetic and cellularsurface
display technologies can improve diagnosis and enable treatments. The
cover image depicts a combination of epitope landscapes decoded from microarray
chip-based experiments. Cover designed by Ivan Talucci and Hans Michael Maric
using Adobe illustrator and Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vitg,40_5.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_11.png,B,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,"3D shape perception
Recent research has shown that people can perceive the shape of objects, even when the objects are not directly perceptible (for instance, when draped in cloth). These findings present a challenge to existing theories of shape perception, which are based on the use of surface cues alone. Yildirim et al. present a computational model of three-dimensional shape perception that integrates intuitive physics and analysis-by-synthesis to explain how shape can be inferred both when surface object cues are available and when they are not (as in cloth draping).
See Yildirim et al.
Cover image: Lan Zhang/E+/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"What underlies individual differences in people’s dislike of societal outliers? Across several studies, Gollwitzer and colleagues uncover an association between aversion toward non-social pattern deviancy (for example, a row of triangles with one triangle out of line) and aversion towards stigmatized individuals, social norm breakers, and racial minority individuals.
See Gollwitzer et al. and News & Views by Sigelman.
Image: Steve Cavalier / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/1_1.txt,clip,1_1.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_383,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_383.png,D,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how the Ca2+ sensors STIM1 and STIM2 are differentially required for basophil responses to distinct stimuli. The image shows an artist’s rendition of a basophil. [Image: Science Picture Co/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_576.txt,clip,12_576.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article showing that tumors that maintain telomere length through an alternative lengthening mechanism (called ALT) might be treated by targeting the protein-interaction partners of the telomere protein RAP1. The image shows a colored scanning electron micrograph of a human chromosome, with the telomeres in blue. [Image: SPL/Science Source]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_689.txt,vitg,14_689.txt,COVER This week's issue contains new entries to the  ST NetWatch section. WormBook is a collection of reviews about the biology of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (seen in the image). [Image: National Human Genome Research Institute],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_30.txt,vith,1_30.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Germ Cells, contains an Editorial Guide as well as one Perspective on the migration of primordial germ cells and elimination of those that fail to migrate and one on poppy rejection of self-incompatible pollen. The image depicts a pollen tube. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_383.txt,groundtruth,2007_383.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_4.png,B,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"The fate of Leishmania parasites in mammalian hosts is determined by
the tissue microenvironment and the highly diverse organic and inorganic metabolic
and micro milieu factors at the site of infection, for which Bogdan et al. coined the term
immunomicrotope. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, they review important cellular
and soluble components of the immunomicrotope in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis
and highlight critical processes of parasite control and long-term persistence. The
oil-on-canvas
painting “Circles in a Circle” (1923) by the famous Russian artist Vasily Kandinsky
(1866–1944), which reflects his art-theoretical ideas about forms and colours, can
be
interpreted as a perfect illustration of the complexity of the immunomicrotope, showing,
e.g., different immune cells, intracellular Leishmania amastigotes, cytokines, metabolites,
extracellular matrix fibres, and blood vessels at the encircled site of infection.
Image
credit: The Louise and Walter Arensberg Collection, 1950.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_4.txt,groundtruth,40_4.txt,"Throughout intraerythrocytic growth, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum consumes up to 80% of the host cell cytoplasm. Hemoglobin degradation and heme detoxification
are essential parasite adaptations that occur in an acidified compartment called digestive
vacuole. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Matz discusses the current knowledge about the properties and functions of the digestive
vacuole and highlights the parasite’s acidic gut as a therapeutic target for drug
discovery. The cover image shows a pseudo-colorized transmission electron micrograph
of a P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte. The lumen of the digestive vacuole (red) harbors hemozoin (yellow),
which is the crystalline end product of heme detoxification. Cover credit: Matthew
R. G. Russell (The Francis Crick Institute and King’s College London, UK).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_6.txt,clip,38_6.txt,"The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events
within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite
species
or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity
of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology
research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al.
review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome
life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia
and
Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology
of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The
cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile
Schistosoma mansoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_4.txt,vith,37_4.txt,test
Immunity,57_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_5.png,C,"On the cover: The protagonist of the special feature in this issue of Immunity is the regulatory T cell (played by the policeman on the cover). Regulatory T (Treg)
cells have been under intense scrutiny because of their potent ability to suppress
(depicted by the action of the policeman and the red stop symbol) the activity of
other cells and hence regulate immune responses such as those that could promote autoimmunity.
Recent advances and outstanding issues include an understanding of the molecular regulation
of Foxp3, which is the key transcription factor for the Treg cell lineage (Josefowicz
and Rudensky, pages 616–625), the developmental and functional differences between
thymic-derived and periphery-induced Treg cells (Curotto de Lafaille and Lafaille,
pages 626–635), the mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo (Shevach, pages 636–645),
the plasticity of these cells and hence the stability of this lineage (Zhou et al.,
pages 646–655), and finally, their therapeutic potential in the clinic (Riley et al.,
page 656–665). Waldmann and Cobbold (pages 613–615) provide an overview by relating
these challenging subjects to transplantation tolerance. Artwork by Paul Gilligan.
Printed with permission from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/30_2.txt,ave_1,30_2.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: Memory B cells (MBCs) underlie long-lived humoral immunity and are key
to the efficacy of prime-boost vaccines. In this issue, Wang et al. report that MBCs differ in their recall ability and that expression of the transcription
regulator ZFP318, which regulates expression of mitochondrial genes, defines MBCs
with high recall ability. The role of ZFP318 in preventing mitochondrial wear-and-tear
and reactivation-induced cell death is illustrated in the form of a fueling station,
providing sustenance to a car on a long journey. Cover image by: Xiaonan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_5.txt,groundtruth,57_5.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_11.png,C,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,ave_2,2014_5.txt,"This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis.  Image credit: Benyin Zhang",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt,vith,2017_6.txt,"The toxicity of a nanopore-forming protein is controlled exclusively using visible light as a result of the incorporation of a water-soluble tetra-ortho-fluoro-substituted azobenzene photoswitch. The geometry of the switch under blue light prevents nanopore formation, while upon green light irradiation, the protein is activated, resulting in targeted cell destruction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_8.png,A,"Generating gametangia
Bryophytes, such as the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, develop sexual organs known as gametangia. The ‘non-canonical’ transcription factor MpBZR3 is involved in regulating both male and female structures, antheridia and archegonia respectively. Overexpression of MpBZR3 induces ectopic development of multiple gametangia.
See Furuya et al.
Image: Tomoyuki Furuya, Ritsumeikan University. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_8.txt,groundtruth,10_8.txt,"Sex chromosomes and carbon capture
Sphagnum mosses sequester large quantities of carbon into peatlands. The genomes of Sphagnum species contain sex chromosomes carrying genes that alter the growth and carbon capture characteristics of the two sexes.
See Healey et al.
Image: Blanka Aguero. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_11.txt,vitg,9_11.txt,"Fern relationships
Ferns are closely related to flowering plants but remain much less studied. Genome sequences of two ferns help redress this imbalance, and illuminate their mechanisms of defence and nitrogen fixation.
See Li et al.
Image: Laura Dijkhuizen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_6.txt,ave_1,4_6.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,test
Cell Genomics,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_3.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Jin et al. present a series of articles based on sequencing data from non-invasive
prenatal testing (NIPT) in pregnant women, focusing on multiple phenotypes and diseases.
The cover image represents these articles. On the left is the silhouette of a pregnant
woman; surrounding the fetus in her womb are the radial rings of Manhattan plots,
representing the main content of this series as genome-wide association studies based
on the pregnant woman's genome. The right side of the image contains a blood tube
with a DNA molecule leaping out of it, representing that the samples used in these
studies are from the cell-free DNA in the blood drawn from the pregnant woman's NIPT
examination. Artist credit: Huanhuan Zhu and Linxuan Li, authors from this series
of articles, jointly completed the conceptual design of this cover, with Linxuan Li
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: X chromosome copy number varies in the human population. As reported
in this issue of Cell Genomics, San Roman et al. harnessed this variation to discover that the “inactive” X chromosome
regulates expression of the “active” X chromosome. The cover is inspired by Andy Warhol’s
1960s pop art paintings, which were produced contemporaneously with the discovery
of X chromosome inactivation, the premier example of epigenetic regulation. As shown
here, the inactive X chromosome can be visualized as a heterochromatic density at
the nuclear periphery that is known as the “Barr body.” The cells here depict the
range of X chromosome copy number interrogated in the present study—from one to four.
Since all but one X chromosome are inactivated in each cell, this is visualized as
zero to three Barr bodies (inactive X chromosomes). Illustration by Caitlin Rausch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_11.txt,clip,3_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wu et al. present an innovative approach to non-invasively quantify extracellular RNA (exRNA)
extracted from the spent culture media of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. The cover art ingeniously captures the study's essence,
envisioning the temporal fluctuations of exRNA resembling majestic mountains while
depicting embryos as celestial stars. Crafted by Yuan Liu, this image encapsulates
the intricate interplay between exRNA dynamics and the developmental journey of embryos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_12.txt,vith,4_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_8.png,B,"Protective microbes, inspired by the Perspective on p565.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_5.txt,vitg,23_5.txt,"Fungi in focus, inspired by the Viewpoint on p295.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_8.txt,groundtruth,24_8.txt,"‘Synthetic biology’ inspired by the Progress on p187
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_9.txt,vith,19_9.txt,"COVER: CRISPR in cancer, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_8.txt,clip,22_8.txt,val
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_5.png,B,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_2.txt,vith,2024_2.txt,hybrid quantum dot material made of boron nitride (BN) and nitrogen-doped graphene (Hyb-BNQD-NGQD) from bulk BN and polyaniline (PANI) exhibits specific sensing of Pb(II) ions. This material exhibited exceptional selectivity and sensitivity toward Pb(II) ions with a remarkable detection limit of 1 pM.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,π,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2023_22.txt,vitg,2023_22.txt,The first direct room-temperature synthesis of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,test
Matter,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/8_1.png,B,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,ave_1,4_1.txt,"On the Cover: Two-dimensional (2D) materials with unconventional properties have emerged
as promising candidates for addressing societal needs in transportation, such as high-speed
rail. In this issue of Matter, Soler-Crespo et al. (369–388) investigate a potential new lightweight material,
obtained via bottom-up assembly of synergistically interacting graphene oxide (GO)-ultrathin
polymer nanolaminates, shown to exhibit an impressive enhancement in GO toughness
and exceptional load-bearing capacity. The design strategy takes advantage of a hierarchy
of interactions between GO and the polymer adlayer, giving rise to an extrinsic toughening
mechanism that utilizes the native GO surface chemistry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_1.png,B,"On the cover: Adult three-banded panther worms (Hofstenia miamia) crawl across the cover of Cell Reports. In this issue, Ramirez et al. used the regenerative capacity of Hofstenia to determine genetic inputs for initiating Wnt re-expression in the new posterior.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/32_5.txt,clip,32_5.txt,"On the Cover: Two 3D reconstructions of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem, showing
the domains of transcription and translation (in magenta) and protein accumulation
(in green) of the transcription factor MONOPTEROS. In this issue, Cavalleri et al. report that MONOPTEROS protein is stable in tissues with high auxin content, while
accumulation is prevented by proteasomal degradation in domains with low auxin. This
regulation is required to correctly modulate root development and sensitivity to auxin.
Image credit: Alex Cavalleri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Clamer et al. present RiboLace, an antibody-free method using functionalized beads
for capturing ribosomes in active translation. RiboLace works with a few microliters
of lysate, is optimized for active ribosome profiling, and portrays the proteome with
accuracy. The image depicts RiboLace beads immersed in a complex cellular lysate and
covered by golden active ribosomes. Painting by Gabriella Viero and cover by Toma
Tebaldi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_10.txt,vitg,25_10.txt,"On the cover: Representation of regenerating Nfix-null Tibialis anterior muscle. Rossi
et al. find that mice lacking Nfix have delayed skeletal muscle regeneration after
damage. This delay is a consequence of Myostatin overexpression during regenerative
phases. The green signal represents developmental MyHC, a marker of regenerating myofibers.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/14_4.txt,vith,14_4.txt,test
Environment & Health,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2025_1.png,A,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,vith,2024_10.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Water,2_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_8.png,B,"Towards net zero in the wastewater sector
Wastewater treatment is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Accounting for all those emissions is complex because emissions originate from several parts of the process, but it is the first, essential step towards a more sustainable wastewater industry. The Review by Ren and co-authors examines these complexities and provides guidance for the direction to take to eventually achieve net zero emissions. The cover shows a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.
See Song et al.
Image: dragon for real / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,"Degrading pollution of degrading tires
Emerging pollutants in water are getting attention due to their adverse health impacts. Given their widespread presence and harmful characteristics, effective treatment methods like degradation and filtration are essential. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) hold the potential to achieve effective degradation or even mineralization of organic pollutants, owing to the active involvement of radicals. Long Chen and colleagues have now designed a periodate-based AOP tailored for the degradation of the contaminant 6PPD-quinone — a recently identified pollutant originating from rubber tires — at environmentally relevant concentrations. The cover illustrates the concept of water pollution caused by the degradation of rubber tires.
See Chen et al.
Image: Agentur-kroeger/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_8.txt,groundtruth,2_8.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"How we can deal with PFAS
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, commonly known as PFAS, are a class of chemicals included in many commercial products. However, they raise serious concern for their potential environmental and health impacts. This has led to the introduction of stringent regulations in both the United States and Europe, which create substantial challenges for current wastewater treatment technology. The image on the cover represents the two most common PFAS, namely PFOS and PFOA, dispersed in water.
See Editorial
Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_1.txt,ave_1,1_1.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_8.png,C,Polyphenol-mediated assembly enables particle engineering through diverse interactions with a variety of materials. Deciphering the driving force underpinning assembly guides the rational design of functional materials for many emerging applications. Cover art by Zhixing Lin. See article by Frank Caruso and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00150).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_6.txt,vith,2020_6.txt,"Cycloparaphenylene, a carbon nanoring consisting solely of benzene rings, can now be synthesized in a size-selective fashion by connecting linear and bent building blocks in a programmable manner. Cover design by Miho Toyoshima and Haruka Omachi. Layout by Amy Meyer Phifer",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_5.txt,clip,2012_5.txt,"Everything in the world has two sides. Surface engineering of 2D BP can not only show highly durable nanophotonic devices, including optics, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis, but is also capable of constructing excellent biodegradable delivery nanoplatforms in biophotonics, such as photo-assisted cancer therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"From simple glycosyl iodide building blocks, complex glycan structures emerge in step economy synthetic processes. See Account by Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00357). Cover art design by Simon Park and Steven Oerding. Image of torus used under license from Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_12.txt,vitg,2016_12.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_2.png,C,"Although H3O+ is not a good description of H+ in water, it can be stabilized by three π-type hydrogen bonds to benzene solvate molecules. See pp 2567-2575. Images courtesy of Jaime Matute, Fook Tham, and Chris Reed. Cover design by Amy Meyer Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2013_2.txt,clip,2013_2.txt,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,ave_0,2012_7.txt,Elements of this cover art were generated with Adobe Firefly generative AI and blended with Adobe Photoshop.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,This cover shows the detailed stacking conformation of two triarylamine molecules and their subsequent growth in functional supramolecular polymers featuring exceptional electronic and photonic transport properties. See article by Nicolas Giuseppone and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00536). Cover art by Mathieu Le Jeune.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,val
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_2.png,B,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,clip,17_12.txt,"Drug repurposing, inspired by the Review on p707.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Advancing equitable access to care, inspired by the Comment articles for World Kidney Day starting on p147.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.txt,ave_1,20_10.txt,"Health outcomes associated with hydration status, inspired by the Review on p275.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_8.txt,vith,20_8.txt,val
Matter,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/8_2.png,D,"On the Cover: Two-dimensional (2D) materials with unconventional properties have emerged
as promising candidates for addressing societal needs in transportation, such as high-speed
rail. In this issue of Matter, Soler-Crespo et al. (369–388) investigate a potential new lightweight material,
obtained via bottom-up assembly of synergistically interacting graphene oxide (GO)-ultrathin
polymer nanolaminates, shown to exhibit an impressive enhancement in GO toughness
and exceptional load-bearing capacity. The design strategy takes advantage of a hierarchy
of interactions between GO and the polymer adlayer, giving rise to an extrinsic toughening
mechanism that utilizes the native GO surface chemistry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_5.txt,vitg,1_5.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,ave_1,4_1.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,test
ACS Catalysis,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.png,D,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,"We successfully employ readily available oxamic acids as carbamoyl radical precursors to couple with pyridinium salts, selectively introducing the amide group into pyridine architectures. The key innovation lies in the successful integration of an acridinium-based photocatalyst, which enables the formation of amide bonds through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_10.png,B,"Antimicrobial delivery to biofilms, inspired by the Review on p555.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"Honeybee gut microbiota, inspired by the Review on p122.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_10.txt,groundtruth,22_10.txt,"Tackling bacterial antimicrobial resistance, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.txt,vitg,22_3.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology.
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_3.txt,clip,21_3.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_2.png,C,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,ave_2,12_1.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,ave_1,11_9.txt,"Human causes and costs of wildfire
The impacts of climate change on wildfire occurrence and intensity have received increasing attention. Lampe and colleagues show that while other human impacts led to burnt area reduction over time, these actions have masked the contribution of climate change in increasing global burned area and increasing probability of months with high burning. Park and colleagues combine fire–vegetation models with a chemical transport model and health risk assessment framework to show that human mortality from fire fine particulate matter is increasingly attributable to climate change.
See Burton et al., Park et al. and Research Briefing Lampe
Image: Patrick Orton / Cavan / Getty. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_2.txt,groundtruth,14_2.txt,"Future under fire
After a year filled with fires around the world, we present a collection of Comments and Correspondences in this issue on the theme of fire and its implications in a warming world.
Image: Andrew Merry / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_10.txt,clip,10_10.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_1.png,D,"Ethanol is a cytotoxic compound that perturbs the development of the central nervous system. Experimental evidence shows that silver sub-nanoclusters (silver atomic quantum clusters, AgAQCs) electrocatalyze ethanol oxidation under physiological conditions. The observation that AgAQCs-induced ethanol electrocatalysis takes place only in the presence of mammalian cultured cells suggests that the cellular plasma membrane provides the required potential for this reaction and prevents ethanol toxicity. See López-Quintela and co-workers, p 6947.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_32.txt,vitg,2010_32.txt,"The efficient photoexcited energy and luminescent anisotropy transfer is realized in polymorphic π-conjugated platinum nanocrystals, in which the energy of the donor is transferred and amplified to the acceptor in a polarized form. See Zhong and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 6157. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_35.txt,clip,2019_35.txt,The mechanical activation of an N-heterocyclic carbene precursor mechanophore by ultrasound-induced cavitation leads to the rupture of the central C,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_44.txt,vith,2021_44.txt,"This study shows an interfacial electric-field-induced prototropic tautomerization reaction in an enzymatic-like nanopocket created by the atomically sharp gold electrodes using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The mechanistic studies revealed a proton relay-assisted tautomerization, showing the importance of external factors, like solvent, in electric-field-driven reactions. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,test
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_4.png,C,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.  Congratulations to all!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_2.txt,ave_1,2023_2.txt,"is proud to announce the winners of the 2023 Excellence in Review Awards, recognizing outstanding peer reviewers for the journal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,ave_2,2022_4.txt,test
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_4.png,D,"Architecture of the ciliary radial spoke
Structural work reveals the architecture of the radial spoke in unprecedented detail and provides insights into the mechanoregulation of motile cilia.
See Article by Grossman-Haham et al. and Article by Gui et al.
Image: Adam Beedle / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_12.txt,vitg,28_12.txt,"Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_7.txt,clip,24_7.txt,Cryo-EM reconstructions of the small subunit processome provide essentially complete snapshots of the ribosome in construction. Cover image by Jonas Barandun. (pp 944 and 954),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_2.txt,vith,24_2.txt,"Remodeling membranes into phagophore-like cups
Using multiple imaging techniques, both in vitro and in vivo, Mohan, Moparthi et al. show that LCB3 works with the ATG121–ATG5–ATG16L1 complex to remodel flat membranes into membrane cups, providing insights into membrane remodeling processes needed for phagophore formation in non-selective autophagy.
See Mohan, Moparthi et al.
Image: Ann Manner / DigitalVision / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_4.txt,groundtruth,31_4.txt,val
Nature Photonics,19_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/19_1.png,B,"Artistic impression of an all-optical modulator that exploits plasmonics.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Letter by Pacifici  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"Magneto-optic exceptional points
An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength.
See Ruan et al.
Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/19_1.txt,groundtruth,19_1.txt,"Taming of random lasers
Random lasers are notorious for their unpredictability and uncontrollability. Now, it’s been shown that a disordered two-dimensional photonic crystal can bring control over random lasing modes. The approach using an InP-based multiple-quantum-well epilayer enables precision control over the laser properties.
See Jeon et al.
Image: Heonsu Jeon, Seoul National University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/13_6.txt,clip,13_6.txt,"The nonlinear interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with a medium can generate trains of attosecond pulses. Here, ultrafast photonic streaking launches successive individual attosecond pulses in different directions, enabling direct experimental access to these pulses, which carry information on the ultrafast dynamics of the medium.Article p651IMAGE: KIM ET AL.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/7_5.txt,vith,7_5.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_29,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_29.png,D,"This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.txt,clip,2024_13.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,vith,2018_17.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,A mathematical model has been developed based on boundary-forming points in a solid–solid–liquid ternary phase diagram for tie-line prediction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_29.txt,groundtruth,2024_29.txt,val
Nature Cell Biology,26_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_6.png,C,Dicer-deficient cells have multiple spindles (green) and undergo aberrant mitosis. cover design: Lawrence Keogh,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,vitg,11_1.txt,"Unconventional secretion
Rab1A, Rab1B and Rab2A regulate TMED10-mediated unconventional protein secretion and compartmentalization of the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).
See Sun, Tao, Han, et al
Image: Courtesy of Rui Xie, Chengdu Great Wall Decoration Design and Color Printing Center, China and Prof Liang Ge, Tsinghua University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_6.txt,groundtruth,26_6.txt,"Celebrating 20 years of cell biology
Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/21_12.txt,ave_0,21_12.txt,test
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_11.png,B,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,ave_2,2018_12.txt,growing in a solution containing the CNTs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,ave_1,2015_2.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,clip,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_12.png,C,"Artist's impression of a solid-state optoelectronic device that generates single photons for use in experiments in quantum optics.
Review Article p631
IMAGE: IGOR AHARONOVICH, DIRK ENGLUND AND MILOS TOTH
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_3.txt,clip,10_3.txt,"Focus on frequency combs
Photograph of integrated ring resonator circuitry that is used to generate quantum frequency combs.
See Moss et al.
Image: INRS UOP, Stéphanie Thibault. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/13_10.txt,ave_0,13_10.txt,"On-chip optical logic
On-chip optoelectronic logic gates that operate in the telecom wavelength band are constructed by integrating multiple silicon waveguides with black phosphorus.
See He et al.
Image: Weida Hu, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_12.txt,groundtruth,18_12.txt,"Focus on metasurfaces
This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics.
See Neshev and Miroshnichenko
Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_12.txt,vitg,17_12.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_2.png,C,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,vitg,29_9.txt,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,vith,29_4.txt,"Beneath the blazing sun, the guardian deity of agriculture wields the sacred sickle-shaped tool, TMS5, which removes cP from the cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs accumulated in rice, thereby safeguarding its fertility. In contrast, the rice left beyond his reach, burdened with cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs, remains sterile. See page 763–775 by Bin Yan et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_2.txt,groundtruth,34_2.txt,"The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details.
Designed by Yipin Wu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_8.txt,clip,31_8.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_10.png,D,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,vith,10_3.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al.,
35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new
Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge
(Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge
research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational
biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message
from the editors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_6.txt,clip,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Cells occupy a diverse range of single cell states. In this issue of
Cell Systems, a team from the Allen Institute for Cell Science (Gerbin et al., 670–687) classified
thousands of single cells to quantify the relationship between cell organization and
gene expression. Here, the diversity of cell organization and gene expression is shown
in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, where the sarcomere is labeled with alpha-actinin-2-mEGFP
(white). Cells are colored by the combined organizational score. Image credit: Thao
Do and the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/12_7.txt,ave_1,12_7.txt,"On the cover: Materials harboring engineered bacteria and active sites are grafted
with fluorescent proteins (GFP and mCherry), visualized in yellow by merging the red
and green channels. The proteins are synthesized and autonomously released by the
encapsulated cells (visible as scattered distributed red or green dots). In this issue
of Cell Systems, Zhu et al. introduce a living grafting approach, facilitated by engineered bacteria, to functionalize
materials with modular, dynamic, and regenerated biological features, thereby broadening
their utility beyond conventional limits. Image credit: Runtao Zhu and Jiao Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_10.txt,groundtruth,15_10.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_3.png,A,"Magnetron co-sputtering unlocks a precise control of chemical composition during a high-pressure synthesis in the diamond anvil cell. Chromium cementite is selectively synthesized at high pressures, demonstrating the potential of this novel method. Artwork created by Scott D. Thiel and James P. S. Walsh.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,This cover features Co-substituted polyoxotungstate anions attached to the surface of TiO2 via aminopropyltriethoxysilane linkers that enable robust covalent binding. The heterogenized clusters serve as an O2 evolution co-catalyst and promote stable light-driven water oxidation catalysis photosensitized by the semiconducting support.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_3.txt,vitg,2022_3.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,test
Nature Cell Biology,27_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/27_1.png,D,"Melanoma cells control the formation of a primary tumour niche by releasing microRNA-carrying melanosomes that are taken up by dermal fibroblasts leading to their activation.
[article p1006]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/18_4.txt,clip,18_4.txt,Chromosome mal-orientations accumulate before correction by Aurora kinase. cover design: James McQuat,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_10.txt,vith,6_10.txt,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,vitg,11_1.txt,"Chromosomal instability in cancer
Longitudinal analyses of non-small cell lung cancer samples identify the mechanisms through which loss of tumour suppressor FAT1 affects homologous recombination repair and chromosomal instability.
See Lu et al. , and RB by Wei-Ting Lu
Image: Jeroen Claus (Phospho Biomedical Animation). Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/27_1.txt,groundtruth,27_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_4.png,D,"‘Looking back over 20 years’ inspired by the Viewpoint on p524.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_3.txt,vitg,21_3.txt,"‘Making forecasts’ inspired by the Perspective on p231.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_9.txt,clip,21_9.txt,"'Pressing deadlines' by Jennie Vallis, inspired by the Review on p189.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/16_9.txt,ave_3,16_9.txt,"‘Learning across timescales’, inspired by the Review on p597.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/35_1.png,D,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"Developmental tissue formation involves the integration of a complex array of events,
from physical forces exerted by neighboring cells and epithelial sheets to the intracellular
signalling pathways controlling growth-related gene expression. In this issue of Trends
in Cell Biology, we offer reviews examining design principles that underlie tissue
development. Levayer and Lecuit (pages 61–81) review the biomechanics of the actomyosin
network and discuss how the complex dynamics of this network, alongside its ability
to self-organize and respond to mechanical feedback, all contribute to key cellular
processes such as cytokinesis, cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. Also in
this issue, Davidson (pages 82–87) discusses the physical laws that govern tissue
assembly with an introduction to the mechanics of epithelial sheet interactions, and
Varelas and Wrana (pages 88–96) review recent work on the developmental cross-talk
between the Hippo pathway – key to determining organ size – and other important signalling
cascades, such as those mediated by TGFβ_and Wnt. Cover image by ©iStockphoto.com/feoris.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_12.txt,vith,22_12.txt,"Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its
impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent
studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication,
revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and
remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle
communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid
detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated
intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_2.png,A,"Designer RNA condensates
The cover shows a microscopy image of synthetic cells expressing artificial organelles, assembled from genetically encoded RNA nanostructures.
See Giacomo Fabrini et al.
Image: Giacomo Fabrini (The Francis Crick Institute) and Lorenzo Di Michele (University of Cambridge). Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_2.txt,groundtruth,19_2.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,vith,19_3.txt,"Nanoparticles can deliver a variety of cancer drugs directly into tumour cells, which increases the efficacy of the treatment while reducing side effects. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have shown promise as therapeutic agents but it is difficult to get them into cells. Now Daniel Anderson and co-workers have demonstrated that self-assembled DNA nanoparticles can reliably deliver siRNAs into cells and silence target genes in tumours. As shown in this illustration, the DNA nanoparticles are tetrahedral in shape, with six protruding arms. DNA nanoparticles have a number of properties that are useful for drug-delivery applications: it is relatively easy to control their size and to bind either drug molecules or targeting ligands to them.
Letters p389; News & Views p344
IMAGE: HYUKJIN LEE
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_7.txt,clip,7_7.txt,"Nanotubes under wraps.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Nish  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_46,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_46.png,B,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_47.txt,vith,2020_47.txt,Aqueous two-phase systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_46.txt,groundtruth,2024_46.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_19.png,D,"The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.txt,vitg,2024_3.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,ave_1,2020_3.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,clip,2024_18.txt,"This image shows a large subpopulation of 5-HT neurons (TPH2 immunolabeling in red) expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3 immunolabeling in green), thus having the capacity to co-release both 5-HT and glutamate. Gullino et al. show that these neurons are involved in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.png,A,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_3,2024_12.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,"On the journal cover a degraded perovskite photovoltaic device is depicted in the back. The recent work of Bogachuk et al. demonstrates an effective end-of-life strategy to reuse part of the device and remanufacture such solar cells and modules via a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach, which strongly reduces their carbon footprint.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.txt,ave_2,2024_10.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.png,D,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,clip,2023_3.txt,"The boom of AIEgens has revolutionized the design strategy of bioimaging materials. In this review, we summarize  the advantages and recent progress of AIEgens in imaging and tracking, including different imaging strategies, e.g., turn-on imaging, stimuli-response sensing, and long-term tracking.  NIR AIEgens for in-depth bioimaging are also discussed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,"The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Joule,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/9_2.png,B,"On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition
to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that
reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics,
and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and
help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"On the Cover: An artistic depiction of an array of solar-powered lithium extraction
devices floating upon the sea. Described in a Future Energy article in this issue
of Joule, Zhou, He, et al. (pp. 1648–1651) conceive and demonstrate an electrolysis
method that extracts lithium metal directly from seawater and is faster and more controllable
than adsorption and dialysis-based methods. Cover art by Sixie Yang and Ping He.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_4.txt,ave_1,2_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module
(f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability
of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL
effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property,
greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables
a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit
: Da Seul Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_8.txt,vitg,8_8.txt,train
BDJ,237_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_6.png,A,"In this issue
This issue features articles on oral syphilis, removable partial dentures, and edentulous patients.

Cover image: From 2013. The image on the front of this edition is a celebration of our Themed Issues. These began in 2013 and to date number 22, with more planned for 2025 and beyond.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_6.txt,groundtruth,237_6.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on experiences among volunteer dentists, integrated care, and diabetes and periodontitis.
Art ©Belmira Okoro, Image ©asbe/E+/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/231_10.txt,clip,231_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smile makeover treatments, hospital dentistry litigation, and decolonisation of the curricula.

Cover image: A burst of clinical activity disrupts the steadily growing biofilm, sending pathogenic bacteria rushing through the dental waterlines. Cultured microorganisms are at the centre of this investigation. (Mixed media on paper.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_8.txt,vith,233_8.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic.
Image credit: Joanna Culley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/228_1.txt,vitg,228_1.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,46_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.png,B,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_2.txt,vith,46_2.txt,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.txt,groundtruth,46_1.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare
disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what
he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease.
On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles
by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and
Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with
rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through
Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating
discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding
therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org)
and istock/ma_rish.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_10.txt,ave_1,40_10.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_11.png,A,"The cover schematic summarizes the heterogeneity of Mycobacterium
   tuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen responsible for tuberculosis, upon treatment with
antibiotics. When treated with antibiotics, some mycobacteria will perish while other
mycobacteria will localize in specific environments (represented under an umbrella)
protected from the antibiotics. Given the pressing need for rapid, cost-effective
and
potent anti-tuberculous drugs, a more critical examination of the contribution of
host
environments with regards to antibiotic distribution and efficacy is highly relevant.
These concepts are discussed in the Review article by Dr. Day and colleagues.
Image courtesy: Dr. Noémie Matthey",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_11.txt,groundtruth,32_11.txt,"In this themed issue of Trends in Microbiology we discuss issues in antimicrobial resistance and explore novel therapeutic approaches
to treat infections. Cover image from iStock/Fahroni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/27_9.txt,clip,27_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,vitg,24_9.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_8.txt,ave_1,24_8.txt,val
Science Translational Medicine,17_783,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_783.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Muscles with a Minigene. Multiplied images of muscle cross-sections from a patient with mild muscle weakness. In this week's issue of Science Translational Medicine by Krahn et al., staining with NADH dehydrogenase reveals a dystrophic pattern, a result of deletion of exons 2 to 40 of the dysferlin gene, which is essential for membrane repair. This deletion creates a truncated dyferlin protein in this patient that confers partial function and may be useful for gene therapy of these muscle-wasting dysferlinopathies. [CREDIT: N. STREICHENBERGER/HOPITAL NEUROLOGIQUE, LYON]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/2_50.txt,ave_1,2_50.txt,"ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series ""Science Transforming Medicine"". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_477.txt,vitg,11_477.txt,"ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_757.txt,clip,16_757.txt,"ONLINE COVER Manipulating Mitochondrial DNA. The cover shows a cross-section of a skeletal muscle fiber stained for cytochrome c oxidase activity (dark brown), an indicator of mitochondrial function, in a mouse treated with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) base editor to correct a mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA. Mitochondrial disorders are often caused by mutations in mtDNA that are difficult to correct with traditional gene editing. Barrera-Paez et al. used a dose-dependent mitochondrial DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to successfully correct a mitochondrial tRNA mutation in mouse heart and muscle. However, at the highest doses of editing, DdCBE induced off-target DNA edits resulting in severe adverse effects in the mice. Together, the results suggest that DdCBE is a promising tool for mitochondrial gene editing, but caution is required to avoid dose-dependent adverse effects. Credit: Jose Domingo Barrera-Paez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_783.txt,groundtruth,17_783.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_404,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_404.png,A,COVER This week features a  Perspective on regulation of nitric oxide synthase by β-actin. The image depicts a single monomer of β-actin. [Image based on PDB 2oan],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_404.txt,groundtruth,2007_404.txt,COVER This week features a Review on PB1 domains. The image depicts the structures making up the p40phox and p67phox PB1 complex. [Image: PDB entry 1OEY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_401.txt,clip,2007_401.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Hoffman et al. show that MAPK signaling–driven tumor cells of various tissue origins rely on a DNA replication stress pathway to keep dividing in the presence of MAPK signaling–targeted drugs. Blocking this pathway, such as by inhibiting the protein FANCD2, may improve treatment in patients. The image shows FANCD2 staining (blue) in a sample of progressive BRAF-mutant melanoma from a patient treated with MAPK inhibitors. Image: Timothy Hoffman/University of Colorado Boulder, USA",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_796.txt,vitg,16_796.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that used quantitative proteomics and high-content single-cell imaging to investigate the prevalence and functional consequences of arginine methylation. The image shows a network of RNA-binding protein complexes that are regulated by arginine methylation. [Image: Sara C. Larsen, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_443.txt,vith,9_443.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.png,A,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics of freezing and melting. See Sun & Calzavarini.
Image: Galaxiid/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_2.txt,vitg,6_2.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates a Viewpoint article on the visibility challenges faced by Asian scientists. See Hanasoge et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_9.txt,clip,2_9.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,vith,6_5.txt,test
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.png,A,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_3,6_6.txt,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.txt,clip,26_2.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_9.png,A,"Out of two possible activation modes to provide two sulfonyl radicals, mechanistic studies rule out an energy transfer mechanism and support an oxidative quenching photoredox cycle featuring a sulfinate intermediate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt,ave_1,2021_20.txt,Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles.  Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_17.txt,clip,2023_17.txt,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,vitg,2024_15.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.png,D,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,Yellow cross-linked polymer monoliths with hierarchical porosities and,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,The combination of a strong electronegative effect and the hydrophobic feature of –CF3 as well as the increase of free volume contributes to the improved energy capability of the FPI film.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,val
Trends in Microbiology,32_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_13.png,A,"The reaction center−light-harvesting 1 (RC−LH1) pigment-protein
supercomplex is the central machinery of anoxygenic photosynthesis performed
by purple photosynthetic bacteria and Chloroflexales. This cover image illustrates
various RC−LH1 supercomplex structures from different phototrophic bacteria,
resolved by cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. In this issue, Liu et al. provide a
comprehensive overview of the recent advances in uncovering the structures and
assembly mechanisms of photosynthetic RC−LH1 complexes. The natural diversity
of RC–LH1 highlights the unique evolutionary strategies utilized by different
phototrophic bacteria for optimizing light-harvesting and electron transfer within
their ecological niches during evolution. Image courtesy: Lu-Ning Liu",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_13.txt,groundtruth,32_13.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,ave_1,24_9.txt,"The microbial cell is heterogeneous and decorated with appendages, proteins and polysaccharides.
On pages 389–397, Dupres et al. discuss the organization of the different components
of microbial cell envelopes as has been revealed using single cell techniques such
as atomic force microscopy and variations of this. Shown on the cover is a three-dimensional
atomic force microscopy image of a living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell. Cover image
courtesy Yves Dufrêne.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/18_4.txt,clip,18_4.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems
biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves
the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or
protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network,
that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from
Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_3.txt,vitg,19_3.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_6.png,A,"Laser-induced graphene-based electroconductive membranes (ECMs) have the potential for electro-cleaning of the fouled membranes. Non-oxidative electro-cleaning effectively prolongs the ECM lifespan by avoiding damage, while catalytic oxidative cleaning offers superior flux recovery for severely fouled membranes, highlighting innovative strategies for enhancing ECM performance in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.  Congratulations to all!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_2.txt,ave_1,2023_2.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,train
Science,387_6731,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6731.png,D,"COVER Artistically rendered segment of a synthetic macromolecular ladder scaffold, inspired by a natural product structure, that unzips through ring-opening in response to mechanical force. The ensuing mechanochemical metamorphosis of the insulating polyladderene structure into semiconducting polyacetylene nanowires rapidly transforms the material's intrinsic properties and functions. See page 475.
 Illustration: Valerie Altounian/Science",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/357_6350.txt,vitg,357_6350.txt,"COVER The single-cell protist Lacrymaria olor uses rapid, reversible extensions of the cell’s neck-like protrusion to hunt that are enabled by a curved crease origami structure. Through high-resolution imaging and scaled-up origami experiments, researchers show how topological singularities in helical pleats control deployment. This discovery offers a glimpse into geometrical control of behavior in single cells, with potential applications in space architecture and microrobotics. See pages 1064 and eadk5511.
Illustration: Rebecca Konte/Prakash Lab",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/384_6700.txt,vith,384_6700.txt,"COVER Computer-generated models of three-dimensional nanostructures that were self-assembled from synthetic DNA strands called DNA bricks. A master collection defines a 1000-voxel ""molecular canvas"" with a 25-nanometer edge. By selecting subsets of bricks, Ke et al. constructed a panel of 102 distinct shapes with sophisticated surface features and intricate interior cavities and tunnels. These nanostructures may find applications ranging from biomedicine to nanoelectronics. See page 1177. Image: Yonggang Ke",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/338_6111.txt,clip,338_6111.txt,"COVER Interwoven granular building blocks form crystallographic networks that are interlinked but not rigidly connected. A range of designs, based on rings or cages, can be made using additive manufacturing. Under stress, the networks show responses that are only partially like a liquid or a solid. This motif has similarities to chain mail used by medieval soldiers and has more recently inspired artist and creator communities. See pages 250 and 269.
Illustration: N. Burgess/Science; Data: W. Zhou et al., Science 387, 269 (2025).",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6731.txt,groundtruth,387_6731.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.png,B,"Supersonic copolymer (PS-b-PDMS) microspheres are subjected to a head-on collision with a stationary target surface, and observed extreme plasticity and collision-induced nanostructures will provide new insight into cold spray additive manufacturing of polymers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.png,A,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,groundtruth,1_7.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,clip,1_8.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_3.png,C,"The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes
valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis
integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable
chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light
to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146
of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative
catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_12.txt,clip,5_12.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,vitg,1_10.txt,"The ability to efficiently capture light energy and utilize this to convert
abundant small molecules, such as H2O, into high-value and much sought after
chemicals is still in its' infancy in catalysis, especially when compared to nature.
In their
review in this month's issue, Chen and colleagues discuss the promising progress made
when combining artificial solar energy conversion systems, such as semiconductors,
with efficient biocatalysts including enzymes and bacterial cells. This powerful
combination can provide remarkable activity, selectivity and efficiency in photocatalytic
conversion of small molecules, a step towards meet the demands of society.
Powerful hybrid systems for Image credit: C. Bo, J. Liu, X. Chen and L. Piao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,ave_2,1_9.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_1.png,A,"Perovskite nanocrystals are assembled into superlattice structures inside lithographically fabricated hollow, three-dimensional transparent templates, enabling position and size control. When excited, the ordered quantum dots “cooperate” and collectively emit superfluorescent bursts of light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"This cover image depicts volatile organic compound (VOC) gases being adsorbed onto the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene films during breath analysis. Ti3C2Tx acts as a two-dimensional, metallic sensing channel for the highly sensitive detection of gases with a detection limit of 50–100 ppb at room temperature, leading to an ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio. Such sensitive VOC detection can be efficiently utilized for the early diagnosis of various diseases.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2018_11.txt,ave_1,2018_11.txt,"The cover article describes the fabrication of large-area homogeneous amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with vivid, noniridescent structural colors by atomization deposition of colloidal nanoparticles. Owing to the fine thickness-controlled capability, heterogeneous APSs and additive mixing of noniridescent structural colors were realized. Furthermore, three-dimensional conformal coating on flexible substrates with curved surfaces, such as textiles, is obtained in one step due to omnidirectional coating.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2018_9.txt,vitg,2018_9.txt,"This cover image depicts lithographically patterned Pd nanowires overcoated with a Zn-based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8) layer. This ZIF-8 layer functions as a nanofilter to eliminate access of impurity gas species to the Pd nanowire sensor elements while allowing the penetration of hydrogen molecules, leading to the acceleration of Pd-based H2 sensors with 20-fold faster recovery and response speed compared to pristine Pd NWs at room temperature.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2017_4.txt,clip,2017_4.txt,val
Nature Reviews Chemistry,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/9_1.png,B,"Chemical looping processes can be mediated by redox-active metal oxides. This cover image depicts a doped metal oxide surface at which conversions of substrates such as methane, water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can occur. See Gong et al
Image: Chuanye Xiong, Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_2.txt,clip,2_2.txt,"Synthetic molecular cages are three-dimensional structures that are designed to recognize and bind specific molecules. Much like a key fitting into a lock, the cage captures molecules based on their size and shape. Researchers are especially interested in how these cages can help identify different sugars. Such cages can be useful in a variety of applications in science and medicine, from chemical detection to drug delivery, see Wu et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Metal organic cages can be designed to encapsulate multiple guests. Understanding the design rules that enable selective multiple binding of different guests will enable new guest–guest chemistry to be explored with possible applications in catalysis and sensing. See Rizzuto et al.
Image: Felix Rizzuto, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_9.txt,ave_1,3_9.txt,"Discovery and design of new therapeutics require understanding of processes across different spatiotemporal scales. The development of multiscale simulation techniques enables us to simultaneously study drug mechanism of action at both atomic and cellular level. The cover image is a representative example of a quantum mechanics&ndash;molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model of an enzyme&ndash;drug complex (data from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (21), pp 8001&ndash;8015).
Image: Adrian Mulholland, Pek IeongDesign: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_9.txt,vitg,2_9.txt,val
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.png,A,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry focusses entirely on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry. The importance of this topic cannot be overstressed given that almost 10% of antibiotic prescriptions are issued by dentists and antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to global public health.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_1.txt,ave_3,25_1.txt,"In this issue:
This themed issue of Evidence Based Dentistry explores the evidence underpinning our attempts to help people quit smoking. In particular it examines the role of vaping and its effects on both dental treatment and on the oral cavity.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_1.txt,clip,24_1.txt,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,vitg,24_4.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_11.png,C,"50 years of Lab Animal
We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years!
See Editorial
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_2.txt,clip,50_2.txt,"Putting together genome puzzles
Assembling a genome is not unlike assembling a puzzle. As sequencing technologies continue to advance, genomic puzzles are becoming easier to put together. That’s facilitating the sequencing of many different animal species, some already common to the lab and others much more novel.
See Eisenstein
Image: Thanit Weerawan/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_8.txt,ave_1,48_8.txt,"3D printing of a murine MRI platform
Positioning and maintaining small animals for imaging over time requires a means to secure the head, maintain the animal's body temperature and facilitate delivery of anesthesia if needed. A new Article describes an open-source, customizable 3D printable cradle design that can be used for brain imaging in awake mice and anesthetized mice and rats.
See Yaghmazadeh et al.
Cover image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_11.txt,groundtruth,53_11.txt,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,ave_2,53_10.txt,val
Immunity,57_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_6.png,B,"On the cover: There are many routes through which we can meet our demise, and our
exit from the scene generates a multiplicity of consequences. In this issue devoted
to cell death and immunity, we provide a series of articles that examine the many
routes to cell death and their immunological consequences. Green (pages 441–444) lays
out the molecular landscape of cell death routes. Ravichandran (pages 445–455) discusses
mechanisms by which dying cells alert the host to remove their corpses. Griffith and
Ferguson (pages 456–466) address the consequences of cell death to immunological tolerance
and its alter ego, autoimmunity. Karin and colleagues (pages 467–477) provide insight
into routes by which an inflammatory response triggered by cell death can lead to
cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Finally, Yatim and Albert (pages 478–490)
examine and opine on the strategies that viruses have developed to co-opt host cell
death pathways to their advantage while the host uses these pathways to pursue its
self-serving agenda. It is hoped that this collection will stimulate thought and further
investigation on the inevitable fate of our cells and the immunological consequences
of cell mortality. The cover shows a phase contrast image of an L929 fibrosarcoma
cell “facing” death under cellular stress. The image was captured on an AGFA APX25
Professional film with a Leica DMIL microscope and was provided by Tom Vanden Berghe
and Peter Vandenabeele.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/35_3.txt,ave_2,35_3.txt,"On the cover: Cerebral interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutières’ Syndrome stem
from chronic activation of the type I interferon response within the central nervous
system, but the mediators of neurotoxicity are poorly defined. Viengkhou et al. identify the cerebral microvasculature as a critical transducer of interferon toxicity
within the brain. Deletion of the type I interferon receptor, IFNAR1, on endothelial
cells not only rescued cerebral vascular disease and restored blood-brain barrier
integrity but also prevented the development of diffuse brain disease, including neurodegeneration.
The devastating neurological changes mediated through cytokine-driven microvascular
disease are depicted as a leaf, full of tiny, delicate microvasculature networks reminiscent
of the human brain, changing from green to autumnal brown. Image by Ben Gartland,
Grant Foster, and Holly Philip.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_6.txt,groundtruth,57_6.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.png,D,"The cover graphic depicts artificial heart valves consisting of decellularized heart valves (DHV) embedded with hydrogels. Balanced charged networks of PEGDA-SBMA hydrogels with cationic and anionic groups can prevent the transportation of Ca2+ ions and enzyme molecules, conferring efficient anti-calcification properties to artificial heart valves.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2020_11.txt,vith,2020_11.txt,"The cover image depicts the rebirth of wasted eggshell membrane (ESM) with graphene into a biomedical scaffold for stem cell and tissue engineering. Graphene-layered ESM (GEM) scaffolds can overcome the limitations of physicochemical properties of raw ESM-based scaffolds. It also provides hierarchical micro- and nanoscale structures like those of extracellular matrices in living tissues, promoting important stem cell behaviors including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. GEM can be used as an efficient biomedical platform, realizing the potential of ESM as a high-value biomaterial while maintaining its unique properties of ESM and graphene for various biomedical applications including stem cell and regenerative medicine.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,ave_2,2018_6.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_43,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_43.png,A,"Phenolation is introduced as a simple yet very efficient modification strategy to improve the reactivity of hydrolysis lignin, resulting in better-defined bioaromatic fractions that are suitable for the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_43.txt,groundtruth,2024_43.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Zhang et al., “Highly Efficient Au Nanocatalysts for Heterogeneous Continuous-Flow Reactions Using Hollow CeO2 Microspheres as a Functional Skeleton” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04637); Linhardt et al., “Degradable, Dendritic Polyols on a Branched Polyphosphazene Backbone” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05301); Huang et al., “Fabrication of Rhodium Nanoparticles with Reduced Sizes: An Exploration of Confined Spaces” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04314); and Pandey et al., “Study on the Kinetics of Catalytic Hydrogenation of U(VI) in Nitric Acid Solution Using a Bubble Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04293).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_42.txt,vith,2018_42.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,val
Nature Aging,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_2.png,C,"m6A mRNA modification in primate aging
In this issue, Wu et al. profile the N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptomic landscape of aging nonhuman primate tissues.
Their study shows that m6A decoration correlates with gene expression homeostasis and that the methyltransferase METTL3 has a role in m6A epitranscriptomic regulation and myotube maintenance.
The cover image shows a dragon, a Chinese symbol of longevity, resembling an mRNA. The dragon has red ‘M’-shaped eyebrows and black pupils with the number 6 at the center. The image is inspired by a Chinese idiom, hua long dian jing — in English, to bring the painted dragon to life by dotting its eyes. The saying metaphorically means ‘providing the finishing touches’. In relation to the authors’ work, to bring this dragon to life — that is, to maintain mRNA stability — the finishing touch is the methylation (invoked by the M-shaped eyebrows) that occurs at the N 6 position of adenosine (invoked by the pupils displaying the number 6). The writing brush represents the METTL3 protein.
See Qu et al.
Image: courtesy of Yizhu Wang. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_7.txt,vith,3_7.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"Accelerated aging in breast cancer
In this issue, a study from the LaBarge group shows that histologically normal tissue from young women who carry a germline mutation that confers a high risk of developing breast cancer show several signs of accelerated aging, such as the loss of cell lineage markers. Our issue cover features an immunofluorescent image of a mammary tissue section from a woman who carries a high-risk BRCA1 mutation, showing alterations in the proportions of canonical cell types (as defined by molecular markers of cellular identity) that are indicative of a loss of lineage fidelity.
See Shalabi et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Caruso and Tlsty
Image: Sundus Shalabi, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,train
Developmental Cell,60_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/60_2.png,A,"On the cover: Artistic representation of mouse preimplantation development from zygote
to expanded blastocyst stage. During blastocyst formation, the first three embryonic
lineages are established. Unspecified cells (yellow) progressively segregate into
extraembryonic lineages (trophectoderm externally and primitive endoderm internally;
red) and inner cells at the origin of the embryo proper (pluripotent epiblast; green).
To learn more about the role of PI3K in murine epiblast and primitive endoderm specification,
see Geiselmann et al. Image credit: Adèle Micouin and Michel Cohen-Tannoudji.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_2.txt,groundtruth,60_2.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_1,57_15.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,vitg,56_2.txt,val
Trends in Chemistry,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_10.png,B,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Utilizing a biphasic solvent system in biorefining enables the efficient
conversion and separation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this month’s
systematic review article from Ragauskas, Wang and colleagues, the production
process of furans via classical biphasic systems is discussed, and an innovative design
of non-classical, sustainable biphasic systems for industrial applications is proposed.
The approach aims to reduce the overall complexity of the purification process, and
improve the production of furan-compounds and liquid fuels. Image credit: Dr. Kui
Wang",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,"The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes
valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis
integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable
chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light
to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146
of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative
catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_12.txt,vith,5_12.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_0,1_5.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_12.png,B,"L-forms evade phage
Shown are vectorized false-coloured images of L-form-like Enterococcus faecalis cells that are in the process of escaping the cell wall sacculus. Wohlfarth et al. report that L-form escape is triggered by the phage-derived endolysin Ply007, which functions as a peptidoglycan hydrolase. In Gram-positive bacteria, L-form conversion enables transient escape from further phage infection.
See Wohlfarth et al.
Image: Jan Wohlfarth, ETH Zürich; with support from Fabienne Estermann, University of Basel. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_10.txt,clip,8_10.txt,"Fungal vesicles activate host immunity
This image shows confocal microscopy of macrophages with the DNA-sensing enzyme cGAS (GFP) translocating from the nucleus to the cytosol in response to the phagocytosis of extracellular vesicles isolated from the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
See Harding et al.
Credit: Hannah Brown Harding, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_12.txt,groundtruth,9_12.txt,"Functional roles in tree holes
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
See Rivett and Bell
Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt,vith,3_6.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,vitg,5_11.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_6.png,B,"The application of modern, computer-aided techniques to palaeontology has radically
changed the type and amount of data that can be gathered from fossils. On pp. 347–357
of this issue, John Cunningham and colleagues review what this revolution means for
our understanding of the ecology and evolution of extinct organisms. (Image by John
Cunningham.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_7.txt,vitg,29_7.txt,"Migratory animals, such as the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus)
shown here, transport parasites along their migratory routes. On pages 625–633,
Jason Donaldson and colleagues discuss how the trophic effects of migrants can alter
parasite dynamics for residents. They develop a framework to better determine migrant
trophic and transport effects on resident animal parasite prevalence. Photo credit:
Jason Donaldson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_6.txt,groundtruth,39_6.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vith,38_12.txt,"Over the last few decades many of the advances in understanding collective animal
behaviour have come from laboratory studies or modelling exercises. On pp. 347–357
of this issue, Andrew King and colleagues discuss recent advances in taking the study
of collective animal behaviour back to the wild. The cover image shows an aerial view
of wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) collective movement. Photo: Martin Harvey, used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/33_8.txt,clip,33_8.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.png,D,"This study establishes CRISPO, an efficient tool for multicopy integration and pathway optimization in Pichia pastoris. By combining rDNA integration and fluorescence screening, CRISPO facilitates the construction of a yeast cell factory capable of producing geraniol at the highest titer and productivity ever reported.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,vitg,2024_4.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,val
innovation,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_4.png,B,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage
liver disease. And the reconstitution of immune homeostasis post-transplant is critical
for the long-term survival. However, the dynamics of immune response patterns under
immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients remain largely unexplored. Professor
Peng Zhihai's team at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University utilized longitudinal
clinical multicohort and single-cell technologies to reveal the processes of immune
rejection and homeostasis remodeling after liver transplantation. Under immunosuppressive
treatment, the postoperative immune response pattern of stably restored transplant
patients underwent a dynamic evolution in one year, progressing through four stages
of immune responses, from which a series of molecular markers for the early detection
and proactive intervention of graft rejection were identified. On these findings,
Peng's team developed a four-stage clinical management framework, offering a more
refined guide to the clinical management of patients after liver transplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral.
Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent
global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated
by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today,
in order to explore the future of science.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_3.txt,vith,1_3.txt,"On the cover: Cancer is a complicated disease by genetic mutations. Loads of scientists
and doctors had been making history to cancer research and clinical management. Now
we're in the era of precision medicine and it is possible to conquest cancers via
multidisciplinary collaboration in the near future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_2.png,C,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,clip,2020_3.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_1,2020_4.txt,"Nanoconjugates, including 5-FU-PVP and 5-FU-PVP-Au, were synthesized and later functionalized with gold nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic applications. These nanoconjugates exhibited high drug-loading efficiencies, prolonged drug release, and effective hen egg white lysozyme aggregation inhibition. In an Alzheimer’s Drosophila model, 5-FU-PVP demonstrated superior amyloid aggregation inhibition compared to a bare drug, showcasing potential anti-Alzheimer’s activity. The image was created with the assistance of OpenAI's ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,ave_2,2024_18.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_11.png,A,"On the cover: Immune checkpoint blockade mediated by therapeutic antibodies has revolutionized
cancer treatment yet still fails many patients. Xu, Chen, Olszewski, et al. show that shortage of the building blocks (gray and red molecules) for purine synthesis
present a metabolic bottleneck (second gate) for tumor-infiltrating T cells (blue).
One-carbon supplementation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (first gate)
can overcome these barriers to anti-cancer immunity, leading to durable tumor regressions.
Image courtesy of the authors. 3D models by LucasPresoto, jimbogies, AnshiNoWara NG+,
and ep2au are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry
mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic
process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et
al., 658–671.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_7.txt,clip,30_7.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,val
Immunity,57_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_11.png,A,"On the cover: Disease-associated microglia (DAMs) are associated with various neurological
disorders. In this issue, Lan et al. examine the plasticity and fate of DAMs during brain injury and recovery in juvenile
and neonatal mice and find that in the neonatal stroke models, DAM-like microglia
regained a homeostatic signature and integrated into the microglial network after
recovery but remained sensitized to subsequent immune challenges. Some microglia remain
within the core injury region, perishing alongside the damaged cells. However, other
microglia escape the infarct core, migrating away from the injury region and regaining
homeostatic features, akin to soaring butterflies rising from the ashes. Image created
by Zhong Wei and Yangning Lan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_11.txt,groundtruth,57_11.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,"On the cover: The bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells are not simply
for survival of the cells, but rather, they also fuel critical differentiation processes
and effector functions. In this issue of Immunity, we present four review articles that discuss the current understanding of how cellular
metabolism impacts the immune cells. Olhenchock, Rathmell, and Vanderheiden (703–713)
explain the biochemical mechanisms that underlie how metabolism is adapted to meet
the energetic and redox demands of immune cell populations. Many chromatin- and DNA-modifying
enzymes make use of substrates and cofactors that are intermediates of metabolic pathways.
Glass, Phan, and Goldrath (714–729) examine how metabolic activity can integrate environmental
signals with activation-induced gene-expression programs through the modulation of
the epigenome and discuss how this integration could lead to context-specific responses.
Pearce and Russell (730–742) discuss the role of the mTOR pathway as a metabolic sensor
in the tissue microenvironment, how mTOR signaling impacts the differentiation and
function of tissue-resident immune cells, and the impact of metabolic constrains in
tissues on immune homeostasis and disease. Rickert and Boothby (743–755) discuss recent
evidence for the importance of different niches in the development and function of
B cells, highlighting the role of the nutrients and metabolic by products that distinguish
these sites. The image on the cover aims to capture the impact of metabolic changes
in the cellular function and form: the energy, as represented by light, and the change,
represented by different colors. Image by Maxiphoto (istockphoto.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/46_2.txt,ave_2,46_2.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_12.png,B,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.  Congratulations to all!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,This special issue showcases the latest research in the application of computational modeling in environmental research. The front cover shows that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of aperiodic small molecule systems is a cost-effective and promising approach for investigating the reaction mechanisms of advanced oxidation processes at the subatomic level,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,clip,2022_4.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_2.png,B,"Neuromorphic olfaction
Neuromorphic chips are designed to use computational machinery inspired by the brain, but it has been challenging to use that machinery in real-world practical problems. In a paper in this issue, Imam and Cleland describe a neural algorithm for the learning and identification of odour samples based on the architecture of the mammalian olfactory system. They implement their neural algorithm in the Intel Loihi neuromorphic system.
See Nabil Imam and Thomas A. Cleland.
Image: Springer Nature Limited/Jordan Abina. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_10.txt,vitg,2_10.txt,"Accelerating micromagnetic simulation with deep learning
Simulation has a crucial role in micromagnetic research. Traditional numerical methods face high computational demands, primarily due to long-range interactions. By leveraging the learning capabilities of a U-shaped neural network, computational complexity can be reduced from O(Nlog(N)) to O(N), facilitating scalable simulations for large sample sizes. The image depicts the simulated topological structure in a magnetic sample.
See Cai et al.
Image: Dong Wang, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"Expanding dimensions
In the field of computational materials design, 3D microstructural datasets are crucial for understanding structure–performance relationships through physical modelling. However, 3D imaging can be slow and often has limited resolution compared to its 2D counterparts. In this issue, Steve Kench and Samuel Cooper propose a generative adversarial architecture, SliceGAN, which can use a single representative cross-sectional image to synthesize realistic 3D volumes. In an accompanying News & Views, Alejandro Franco discusses the technique and the potential to extend it to even further dimensional expansion.
See Kench and Cooper, and Franco
Image: Elvire Coudray Des Bouillons, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_9.txt,vith,3_9.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_5.png,A,"The present work explores and demonstrates the electrochemical sensing capability of a highly stable bimetallic gold–copper nanocluster. The nanocluster can selectively sense heavy metal ion lead, Pb(II) through a specific gold–Pb(II) interaction, and is successfully extended to real sample analysis as well. Thus, a real-time monitoring strategy has been put forward.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award.  Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers.  Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_1.txt,vith,2023_1.txt,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,clip,2021_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_2.png,B,"Inflammasomes in atrial fibrillation, inspired by the Review on p145.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_10.txt,vith,20_10.txt,"Atheroimmunology, inspired by the Review on p743
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,vitg,19_12.txt,val
Trends in Immunology,45_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_13.png,D,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"Type 2 immunity is a complex yet critical component of immune responses to parasitic
worms but is also involved in allergies. On pages 154–167, Rothlin and colleagues
review the negative regulators that control these responses, including the receptor
tyrosine kinase TYRO3, here represented as the perplexing Duchess attempting to quell
the sneezing child in a scene from Alice in Wonderland. Cover image by Sourav Ghosh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/38_11.txt,vith,38_11.txt,"In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on
human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects
of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems
balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the
occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images
Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt,vitg,43_11.txt,"Two articles in this issue, by Carrie Lucas and the STAT6 Gain-of-Function International
Consortium, respectively, discuss human inborn errors of immunity. For instance, the
STAT6 Gain-of-Function International Consortium (Stuart Turvey and colleagues) address
how recent findings and mechanisms of STAT6 germline heterozygous gain-of-function
rare variants cause a broad and severe clinical phenotype of early-onset, multi-system
human allergic disease. New findings of human inborn errors of immunity may help identify
possible targeted treatment approaches. Image credit: GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_13.txt,groundtruth,45_13.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_8.png,A,"Wildfires and industry are common sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).  PAH metabolism determines rates of bioactivation, rates of detoxification, and ultimately risk. We used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to characterize cytochrome P450 enzymes in young individuals (≤21 months) compared to adults to assess the potential of early life susceptibility.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_9.txt,clip,2020_9.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,ave_1,2024_2.txt,"This cover art illustrates the chemical structures of A-series Novichok nerve agents (A-230, A-232, and A-234) overlaid on a flask with a skull, symbolizing their lethal design as chemical weapons. The image features a hazmat-suited figure, evoking the protective gear used during the 2018 Novichok poisoning investigation in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. A neuron in the background highlights the nerve agents' primary biological target.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_11.png,C,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,ave_1,1_9.txt,"Developing new medicines requires a huge amount of time, effort and
money to bring them to market, not to mention the negative environmental impacts
from the synthetic routes and chemicals used. All of these costs are then passed
onto the consumers - therefore those in low/limited income countries worldwide have
reduced access to life-saving medications that are sorely needed. In his Opinion
article, Professor Bruce Lipshutz makes the case that adhering to the Principles of
Green Chemistry, alongside new green technologies, can lead to more environmentally
responsible and cost-effective synthetic routes for manufacturing vital drug molecules,
benefitting the health and well-being of many across the globe. Image credit: Getty
Images/artpartner-images",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,"In part one of our two-part special launch issues, we address some of the outstanding
key questions that chemists are currently tackling. In this issue, we highlight critical
topics such as: name plagiarism; air pollution; organic electrosynthesis; singlet
fission; entropic intermediates; frustrated Lewis pairs; solar cell open-circuit voltage
losses; C-H activation; boron-doped molecules; nanozymes; atomically dispersed supported
metal catalysts; photoredox catalysis; ionic plastic crystals; and ammonia electrosynthesis.
The cover image is a collection of molecules, structures, reactions, and concepts
all found within this issue. Cover image designed by Tom Dursch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_23.png,A,"Nanoindentation and magnetic force microscopy offer a complementary approach to comprehensively characterize the mechanical and magnetic properties of magnetic hydrogels. These techniques play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between the structure, mechanical properties, and magnetic behavior, paving the way for tailored applications in various fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and responsive materials design.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,train
ACS Polymers Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_4.png,B,"AI for polymers. A combination of polymer fingerprinting, machine learning, rapid computational characterization of polymers, and availability of large open-sourced homogeneous data can accelerate the design and development of polymeric materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"The synthesis of amino-acid-derived polyanions is shown. These polymers, depending on the chemical identity of the amino acid, reveal chirality and tailored hydrophilicity, enabling them to accumulate in cell membranes in a particularly slow fashion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"The cover illustrates the concentration dependent assembly of photonic bottlebrush block copolymers in solution from solvated single polymer chains to disordered compositional fluctuations to long range ordered lamella. In the process, the structure color of the assembled phases evolves and red shifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_3.txt,ave_0,2022_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_1.png,D,"The role of vasculature in adipose tissue biology, inspired by the Review on p691.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_1.txt,clip,19_1.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_1.txt,ave_1,21_1.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"The multifaceted influence of obesity on cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p701.
Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.png,D,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,vitg,2024_1.txt,Carbonized oil palm fiber with the integration of polydopamine (PDA-cfiber) as an upcycling of biomass waste is used for the synthesis of a photoabsorber with enhanced solar absorbance and hydrophilicity for effective interfacial photothermal solar steam generation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,val
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.png,B,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,clip,2023_7.txt,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.txt,vitg,2024_12.txt,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_393,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_393.png,A,"COVER This week features a Perspective on regulation of vesicle release by a voltage-gated potassium channel. The image depicts interaction of the Kv2.1 channel with the vesicle fusion machinery. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_393.txt,groundtruth,2007_393.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Xu et al. report that the activity of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in gastric cells prevents lipid accumulation in the liver induced by the hormone ghrelin. The image is a conceptual illustration of the liver.   Credit: Kateryna Kon/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_859.txt,vitg,17_859.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the lipid-metabolizing enzyme DGKζ is required for optimal B cell functions. DGKζ-deficient B cells exhibited decreased mechanical forces at the plasma membrane and an impaired ability to extract antigen from antigen-presenting cells. The image depicts an experiment to measure pulling forces between a B cell (left) and an antigen-coated bead (right). [Image: Merino-Cortés et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/13_627.txt,vith,13_627.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_400.txt,clip,2007_400.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_9.png,C,"Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm
The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death.
See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo
Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"The Lands and Seas of the Planet Heart
Koenig et al. present a comprehensive cellular atlas of healthy and failing human hearts, based on single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cardiac biopsies from 45 individuals.
See Koenig et al.
Image: Andrew Koenig. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Histone H1.0 links cell mechanics to chromatin structure
Hu et al. describe how histone H1.0 regulates cellular responses to mechanical stimulation, inducing myofibroblast activation in the heart and linking force generation to nuclear organization and gene transcription.
See Hu et al.
Image: Todd H. Kimball, PhD, UCLA/UNC Chapel Hill. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_9.txt,groundtruth,3_9.txt,"Reaching out
The cover image of our first issue is a wool artwork entitled ‘Reach’, created by contemporary British artist Sarah Vaci. Reflecting the originality and courage of the artwork, Nature Cardiovascular Research aims to bring together the cardiovascular and blood community, and promote, champion and disseminate inspiring, thought-provoking and original research.
Image: Sarah Vaci. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,train
Immunity,57_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_1.png,B,"On the cover: The protagonist of the special feature in this issue of Immunity is the regulatory T cell (played by the policeman on the cover). Regulatory T (Treg)
cells have been under intense scrutiny because of their potent ability to suppress
(depicted by the action of the policeman and the red stop symbol) the activity of
other cells and hence regulate immune responses such as those that could promote autoimmunity.
Recent advances and outstanding issues include an understanding of the molecular regulation
of Foxp3, which is the key transcription factor for the Treg cell lineage (Josefowicz
and Rudensky, pages 616–625), the developmental and functional differences between
thymic-derived and periphery-induced Treg cells (Curotto de Lafaille and Lafaille,
pages 626–635), the mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo (Shevach, pages 636–645),
the plasticity of these cells and hence the stability of this lineage (Zhou et al.,
pages 646–655), and finally, their therapeutic potential in the clinic (Riley et al.,
page 656–665). Waldmann and Cobbold (pages 613–615) provide an overview by relating
these challenging subjects to transplantation tolerance. Artwork by Paul Gilligan.
Printed with permission from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/30_2.txt,ave_1,30_2.txt,"On the cover: MacDonald et al. investigate the role of synovial tissue (ST) myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) in health,
active, and remission stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identifying functional
features of distinct ST-DCs that provide insight into the roles of these cells in
immune tolerance and disease. The discovery process is illustrated as a team of archaeologists
uncovering the intricate patterns of a mosaic floor in an ancient Roman house (domus
romana). Diverse DC and T cell populations are depicted as colorful tiles forming
patterns in the ST (mosaic floor) atop the bloodstream (central heating system, hypocaustum)
from which DCs infiltrate the ST, determining the three conditions: health, disease,
and remission. Illustration by Art&Science: Dorotea Fracchiolla.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_1.txt,groundtruth,57_1.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_4.png,C,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,vith,2018_6.txt,"Green electricity is harvested from split black gram based triboelectric nanogenerators, powering autonomous lighting systems and portable electronics. Split black gram's abundance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly properties make it an optimal choice for sustainable energy production, addressing environmental concerns associated with conventional TENG fabrication using synthetic materials. Cover is generated by an AI drawing tool",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.png,A,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"‘Blooming lncRNAs’, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p430.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_7.txt,vitg,24_7.txt,"‘The universe of biomolecular condensates’, inspired by the theme of this focus issue: phase separation in biology.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_10.txt,vith,22_10.txt,"G-quadruplex structures in DNA and RNA are linked with gene regulation and genome instability, and could serve as therapeutic targets in cancer. To learn about their diverse functions, read the Review by Balasubramanian and colleagues.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/21_5.txt,clip,21_5.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.png,C,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,"As shown in our cover, different light intensities have different effects on rice, and medium light intensity can obviously prevent chlorosis of rice. This is of great importance for the factory cultivation of rice seedlings.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,"The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt,ave_2,2022_3.txt,val
Nature Sustainability,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_12.png,A,"Mitigation shortfalls in mining
Sustainable mining relies on vigorous and comprehensive mitigation strategies; however, two studies in this issue show that these measures are falling short. Among artisanal and often illegal mining operations in the Amazon, Fritz et al. demonstrate that while mercury retorts reduce losses, the amount of mercury and CO2 emissions into the environment remains substantial. Globally, Aska et al. draw attention to the number of mine tailing facilities contained within or near the boundaries of protected areas, posing a potential hazard for regional biodiversity.
See Fritz et al. and Aska et al.
Image: Mario Schmidt, Pforzheim University. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,"Tropical forest carbon loss
Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss.
See Feng et al.
Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_8.txt,clip,5_8.txt,"Human activity and landslide risk in Africa
Population pressure and land-use change affect landslide risk. Depicker and colleagues analyse the impact of population dynamics, conflicts and deforestation on landslide risk in the Kivu Rift region (pictured), Eastern Africa.
See Depickeret al.
Image: Dr. Olivier Dewitte, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_22.png,A,"A three-step bending of a 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin crystal upon UV light irradiation from one side of the crystal: First the crystal shows the action away from the light source, then toward the incident light, and finally again away from the light source. The motion is driven by the photodimerization and amorphization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_5.txt,vith,2019_5.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,"The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_11.txt,vitg,2015_11.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_2.png,A,A simple process using membrane distillation by gas–liquid exchange successfully removed tritiated water (HTO) from HTO-containing water. The gas–liquid exchange occurred in each glass fiber filter through the reflux behavior of HTO vapor. The ratio of HTO in water was reduced to about 12 ± 0.3% from that of the original HTO-containing water.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,clip,2024_11.txt,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_10.png,D,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,vith,2024_42.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,vitg,2018_47.txt,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,clip,2023_23.txt,This study presents a novel,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.png,A,"Polycrystalline Ge is a leading candidate as a channel material for next-generation thin-film transistors; however, randomly existing grain boundaries have degraded device characteristics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,vitg,2025_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_11.png,B,"Glassy learning
The physics that underlies the glass transition is both subtle and non-trivial. A machine learning approach based on graph networks is now shown to accurately predict the dynamics of glasses over a wider range of temperature, pressure and density.
See Bapst et al.
Image: DeepMind Technologies Limited. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_9.txt,ave_1,16_9.txt,"Emergent higher orders
The dynamics of complex systems are often modelled using low-rank matrices, but the formal validity of this method has not yet been confirmed. Thibeault et al. present an analysis of random networks and real-world data that sheds light on this low-rank hypothesis and its implications.
See Thibeault et al. and Gao
Image: Myriam Thibeault and Vincent Thibeault, Université Laval. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Spinning swimmers
A particle rotating in a fluid generates vorticity around itself. Panyu Chen and co-workers show how the dynamics of a collection of such spinners suspended in a liquid can display flocking and three-dimensional active chirality.
See Chen et al.
Image: Hubert Gao, Panyu Chen, IrvineLab. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/21_1.txt,ave_2,21_1.txt,"When networks get real
Combining concepts from knot theory and statistical mechanics leads to a method for distinguishing between physical networks with identical wiring but different layouts.
See Barabási et al.
IMAGE: Alice Grishchenko. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_10.png,B,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,vith,16_4.txt,"Universal dynamics out of equilibrium
The dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium is a field of study that pertains to many situations, including ultracold atoms, quantum spin magnets, and quark–gluon matter. Here, magnetization measurements in a spinor atomic gas show a way to classify universal dynamics based on symmetry and topology.
See Huh et al. and Prüfer
Image: Jae-yoon Choi, KAIST and Koushik Mukherjee, Lund University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"A multitude of Coulomb phases
Neutron and X-ray scattering experiments show that the partially disordered material CsNiCrF6 supports multiple Coulomb phases with structural and magnetic properties dictated by the underlying local gauge symmetry.
See Fennell et al.
Image: Peter Conlon. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_12.txt,clip,15_12.txt,"Odd viscosity
A chiral fluid comprising spinning colloidal magnets exhibits macroscopic dynamics reminiscent of the free surface flows of Newtonian fluids, together with unique features suggestive of Hall—or odd—viscosity.
See Irvine et al.
Image: Vishal Soni, Ephraim Bililign, Sofia Magkiriadou, University of Chicago. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_2.txt,vitg,15_2.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_6.png,D,Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential means for producing clean and renewable hydrogen as a storable energy carrier. This Perspective introduces recent advances of photocatalysts for overall water splitting. This Perspective also addresses the challenges of overall system design intended for large-scale operation under sunlight.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_11.txt,clip,2019_11.txt,"The cover illustrates one potential mechanism for the influence of a nonthermal plasma on the catalytic conversion of molecular nitrogen to ammonia. Electron scattering off of dinitrogen induces vibrational ""ladder climbing"" that lowers the effective activation barrier for dissociation at a catalyst surface, enabling ammonia to be produced at conditions much less severe than conventional thermal catalytic processes. The associated Review discusses the evidence for this and other molecular-level phenomena at play in nonthermal-plasma-promoted catalytic transformations of robust chemical bonds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_8.txt,vith,2019_8.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,the most recent approaches to avoid pretreatment with particular emphasis on innovative configurations of well-established industrial electrolyzers and new original approaches.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.png,D,"The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,"Armed with a toolbox of host and guests, along with some Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonds, molecular frameworks can be assembled in a variety of ways. See Adachi and Ward, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00360. Molecules adapted and reproduced from: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (9), 3386−3392. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (9), 3018−3031. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10 (12), 4159−4168. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society. Image of toolbox: Macrovector/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_1.txt,vitg,2016_1.txt,"Fluctuating thermodynamics, as depicted conceptually on the cover, can offer a general framework for obtaining thermodynamic quantities at various snapshots during fluctuating processes in aqueous environments. See Song-Ho Chong and Sihyun Ham (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00032). Photograph of film image © typomaniac. Photograph of water images © marucyan and © sakura at fotolia.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_7.txt,vith,2015_7.txt,Wireless magnetoelectric neural stimulator next to a blueberry to demonstrate miniaturization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.png,A,"Gold nanoclusters embedded in cross-linked lysozyme crystals exhibit enzyme activity that depends on available diffusion channels and solvent accessibility. When the morphology allows efficient diffusion, gold nanoclusters with lysozyme can serve as tandem catalysts, functioning as both peroxidase and hydrolytic enzymes, showcasing their potential in diverse catalytic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"This cover art illustrates the synergy of Ni–Co nanoclusters encapsulated within ZSM-5 via in situ two-step hydrothermal synthesis, enhancing stability and performance in alkaline ethanol oxidation. The NiCo@ZSM-5/AC-D2S hybrid minimizes metal agglomeration, while the porous ZSM-5/AC structure ensures conductivity and reactant penetration for superior catalytic activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_4.txt,clip,2024_4.txt,"The cover art represents the high heat release of metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived MgO@nanoporous carbon (NC) upon hydration. MOF-derived MgO@NC exhibits greater heat release compared to commercially available MgO because of its large surface area and homogeneous distribution of nanometer-sized MgO particles in the NC matrix. Therefore, this novel material is proposed to be an efficient thermal storage material for the integration of renewable energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2020_10.txt,ave_2,2020_10.txt,The cover graphics illustrate the encapsulation of a fluorescein guest molecule by a nanoporous ZIF‑8 framework to achieve light-emissive nanoparticles (represented by the faceted polyhedrons).  The lamp represents an irradiation source for converting ultraviolet light into a tunable white light by harnessing the fluorescein@ZIF‑8 nanoparticles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2021_3.txt,vith,2021_3.txt,train
innovation,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_1.png,C,"On the cover: Nourished by the gigantic data and empowered by increasing computing
facilities, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is setting us free from many burdensome routines.
With AI muscles, we have become faster and smarter than ever. AI is reshaping the
future of industries and our lives, enabling paradigm shifts in many disciplines of
science and even paving the road to the metaverse. But scientists are still facing
endless choices to navigate their innovation processes as previously. Meanwhile, collaborations
are urgently needed amongst researchers from multidisciplinary studies. So we do hope
the shared values of truth, righteousness, and peace can be cherished deeply to make
our blue planet a better place for the whole ecosystem.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/2_1.txt,ave_1,2_1.txt,"On the cover: The pace of science and technology is accelerating, and the future is
arriving quickly. During the great process of reaching the future, the now highly
comprehensive and interdisciplinary network of science, so-called “ScienceX” by The
Innovation, plays a more important role than ever before. We believe the development of interdisciplinary
science and technology concerns our destiny in the coming future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"On the cover: The history of pig domestication is fascinating and closely connected
to agriculture and biomedicine. Throughout history, pigs have primarily been raised
for meat purposes, featured in various popular cuisines worldwide. Advancements in
gene editing technologies have facilitated the rapid development of genetically modified
pigs. For biomedical purposes, researchers can create pig models that accurately mimic
human diseases by introducing targeted genetic modifications, thereby enhancing the
understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays,
genetically modified pigs are being explored as potential organ donors for xenotransplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral.
Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent
global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated
by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today,
in order to explore the future of science.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_3.txt,clip,1_3.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_5.png,D,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,vith,2010_11.txt,"On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt,clip,2012_7.txt,An autoencoder-based classifier recognizes early crystalline nuclei formed during a molecular dynamics cooling cycle. The decision boundary between crystalline and amorphous phases is identified autonomously within the conformation space,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_12.png,D,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,"In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on
human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects
of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems
balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the
occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images
Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt,ave_0,43_11.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"The image is a photograph of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). A
couple of articles in this issue discuss the importance of better understanding
bat immunity to elucidate bat–human host interactions, extrapolate knowledge
of bat immunity to that of humans, as well as the translational potential of these
comparisons. Mossman and colleagues review the spillover of viruses from bats to
humans and the novel technologies discerning the factors driving virus and host coevolution;
Banerjee and colleagues propose that research in bat immunity can lead
to translational approaches to improve human health. Image credit: Brock Fenton
and Sherri Fenton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_12.txt,groundtruth,45_12.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_3.png,B,The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.txt,ave_1,2024_5.txt,"Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lmat) is widely tested as an anticancer vaccine. Here, we use click chemistry to functionalize the Lmat cell wall and turn the bacterium into an “intelligent carrier” of the doxorubicin chemotherapeutic drug. Doxorubicin-loaded Lmat",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,"This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis.  Image credit: Benyin Zhang",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt,vith,2017_6.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_1.png,D,"Coarse cereals are an essential component of the dietary structure. This review discusses the interactions between coarse cereals and gut microbiota to provide a new viewpoint regarding the nutritional value of coarse cereals, and may help promote the rapid discovery, classification, and evaluation of coarse cereals resources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2021_49.txt,ave_1,2021_49.txt,"The content and degree of polymerization of fructans naturally vary among the most commonly consumed wheat species, which can affect the nutritional quality of our diets.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_17.txt,ave_2,2022_17.txt,"This cover highlights the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in crops, emphasizing that, through genetic modification, these bacteria can provide crops with an increased source of nitrogen. It depicts a scene of a green wheat field adjacent to a patch of yellow soil. Within the wheat field, a plant is illustrated with red lines extending from its roots into the soil, symbolizing the process of nutrient absorption. The text ""NH4+"" on the image further underscores the focus on nitrogen, emphasizing the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in enhancing crop nutrition through genetic engineering. Additionally, it is worth noting that the partial elements of this cover were created using an Artificial Intelligence-based image generation tool named ""Doubao"".",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_2.txt,clip,2025_2.txt,"Microorganisms secrete siderophores to acquire iron. Streptomyces, the well-known strains producing numerous metabolites, also produce a rich variety of siderophores with diverse structures that play important roles in many fields. This review provides an overview of the classification, structure, biosynthesis and applications of siderophores produced by Streptomyces,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_1.png,D,"Port city pollution
Air pollution from the shipping industry is a problem in coastal cities. This study finds that although small-particulate pollution has fallen in China’s port cities, such as Tianjin (pictured), due to shipping emissions reductions, mortality associated with long-term exposure has risen.
See Luo et al.
Image: DuKai photographer/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Not just blowing in the wind
Plants find interesting places in cities, with some planted and some establishing on their own. A study by Kun Song and colleagues considers seed-dispersal modes of this latter group in cities in Yunnan Province, China, and finds that dispersal by self-propulsion and dispersal by animals are more common than by wind, and all are much more common than by water.
See Song et al.
Image: Zhiwen Gao, East China Normal University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"Navigating the waters
Water may be unchanging, but the cities through which water flows are not. An I and the City by Lu considers how Suzhou has changed around the Xiangxi River and the value of conserving historic identities. All cities straddle a broader reality, navigating political waters that can be as turbulent as physical ones.
See Lu
Image: Kan wang/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_1.txt,groundtruth,1_1.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.png,A,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2020_19.txt,ave_2,2020_19.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812), (Top center) Accurate Prediction of Bond Dissociation Energies and Barrier Heights for High-Energy Caged Nitro and Nitroamino Compounds Using a Coupled Cluster Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (23), 4883–4890. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01506), (Top right) Ionic Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Gas Phase Association of Acetonitrile and Acetone with Halogenated Benzene Cations (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (7), 1363–1371. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09094), (Bottom left) Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Growth and Structural Stability of ZIF-8 Layers Probed by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (5), 1100–1109. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09610, (Bottom center) Stereodynamic Imaging of Bromine Atomic Photofragments Eliminated from 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane Oriented via Hexapole State Selector (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (31), 6635–6644. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04048) , (Bottom right) New Developments in Semiclassical Transition-State Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (22), 4639–4657. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01987).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2020_42.txt,ave_1,2020_42.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_2.png,B,"A dearomative [2 + 1]-annulation of anisole allows for a rapid synthesis of easily diversifiable chiral diene ligands. As the benzenoid precursor becomes a complex three-dimensional scaffold, Kekulé's snake coils in response. The cover art was conceptualized and designed as a collaboration between Charlotte Johnson, Evan Crawford, and Jeffrey Johnson.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_43.txt,clip,2022_43.txt,"As the Lunar New Year in the Year of the Snake approached, we developed a method for the addition of Grignard reagents to pillar[4]arene[1]benzoquinone monoxime, enabling the functionalization of pillar[4]arene derivatives. This evoked imagery of the snake, sleek, slithering, and symbolic of intuition, transformation, and growth in Chinese culture, bringing good fortune to the chemists who orchestrated this magical transformation from substrate to diverse products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2019_18.txt,vitg,2019_18.txt,"The cover art depicts a photoredox-based oxidative heterocoupling of enolsilanes, enabling the synthesis of dicarbonyl compounds using oxygen as the environmentally friendly oxidant. The iconic building of Peking University serves as a metaphorical ""light source"", illuminating the development pathway of eco-friendly chemical synthesis methods that contribute to our urban sustainability goals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_26.txt,vith,2024_26.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_11.png,D,"This issue features epigenetic analysis of cell commitment at many levels in mammalian genomes: during early embryonic development, in stem cells, and in cancer cells. These studies provide fundamental insight into the functional consequences of genome variation. On the cover: Red-tailed black cockatoo feathers (tonysartandnature.com).
See Editorial.
Image: Tony Cunningham. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/50_12.txt,vith,50_12.txt,"Coffea arabica diversification history
Genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors provide insights into diversification history.
See Salojärvi et al.
Image: Amanda van der Sijs/500px/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_9.txt,clip,56_9.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Skin pigmentation diversity in Africans
Characterization of functional variants associated with skin pigmentation in ethnically diverse Africans elucidates their regulatory effect on melanin levels and identifies CYB561A3 as a regulator of pigmentation.
See Feng et al.
Image: Hadynyah/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_11.txt,groundtruth,56_11.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_8.png,C,"A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_9.txt,clip,2023_9.txt,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,vith,2024_6.txt,"An investigation of methods to engineer the porosity of smart poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels for use as VOC-sensing elements in gaseous environments: The use of a porogen (polyethylene glycol) and freeze-drying procedures is crucial for achieving stable porous structures. The approach can be applied to other hydrogel materials and, therefore, can contribute to the expansion of use cases toward gaseous environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,test
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_6.png,D,"The cover graphic depicts the creation of novel light-responsive, self-assembled micelles via ultrasensitive photo-reversible cycloaddition reactions; this breakthrough in the development of stimuli-responsive block copolymers may enable significant advances in biomaterials and drug delivery. These newly developed polymeric micelles exhibit a number of unique amphiphilic characteristics including extremely high micellar stability, rapid and ultrasensitive light-responsive properties, and tunable drug-loading capacity and drug release profiles. Importantly, the drug-loaded micelles exhibit highly stable drug entrapment in serum-containing media for prolonged periods of time, undergo controlled cellular uptake, and, after short-term UV irradiation, substantially improve the safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy in vitro.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_7.txt,vith,2019_7.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,A series of biocompatible nanocarriers (PCNCs) stabilized by a blend of lipid-based surface-active ionic liquid and Tween-80 are reported on the transdermal delivery of antigenic protein (ovalbumin) for tumor immunotherapy,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_7.txt,vitg,2022_7.txt,"A dual-mode biosensor has been introduced in this work, which can form a sandwich structure comprising CdSeS and Au-N,S-GQD nanocomposites, in the presence of the target antigen of NoV-LP. Upon formation of the sandwich structure, fluorescence quenching and an increase in impedance were observed, depending on the concentration of target VLPs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_3.png,C,The cover artwork illustrates the remarkable synthesis scalability and processing of some species of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2015_10.txt,clip,2015_10.txt,have potential towards a highly active and selective electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). We designed a new,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2024_19.txt,ave_1,2024_19.txt,"Designing self-illuminating photocatalysts for next-generation lithium-oxygen batteries: Enhancing photo-assisted energy storage with persistent overpotential reduction, stable performance under intermittent illumination, and promising applications in space exploration and energy systems for low-light environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,Machine Learning in Physical Chemistry Virtual Issue View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,40_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_2.png,C,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,"The tracking or biologging of individual animals often involves capture and is difficult
to scale. On pp. 417–427 of this issue, Anthony Dell and colleagues discuss the implications
of automated image-based tracking for ecology, in particular the prospect of a better
understanding of the linkage between individual behaviour and higher-level ecological
processes. The cover shows the tracks of an individual beetle in a petri dish captured
with EthoVision XT 10, a procedure that can be very easily scaled up to large arrays.
(Image courtesy of Noldus Information Technology bv, Wageningen, The Netherlands.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_6.txt,vith,29_6.txt,"Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate
ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits,
but many
of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages
67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption
that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal
value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan
   troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou,
Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_2.txt,groundtruth,40_2.txt,"As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being
increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart
Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation.
Cover image by Richard Bergl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt,clip,30_2.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_48,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.png,B,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Li et al., “Porous Metallosalen Hypercrosslinked Ionic Polymers for Cooperative CO2 Cycloaddition Conversion” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05304); A. Ateka et al., “Strategies for the Intensification of CO2 Valorization in the One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05749); and Y. Zhang et al., “Efficient SO2 Removal Using a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework with Molecular Sieving Effect” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06040).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_51.txt,vith,2020_51.txt,"The hydroisomerization of n-heptane on Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst takes place on Lewis and Brönsted acid sites, which synergistically convert the intermediate carbocations into branched C7-paraffins, thus contributing to the production of high-octane gasoline. Single-event kinetic modeling of the isomerization and cracking reactions has been used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.txt,groundtruth,2024_48.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,clip,2018_17.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,vitg,2022_19.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_9.png,D,"FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling
In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation.
See Martínez Corrales et al.
Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,vith,1_12.txt,"Mitochondria in the spotlight
In this issue, Berry and colleagues use an optogenetics approach to oppose the age-associated decline in the membrane potential of mitochondria with a light-activated proton pump, and show that it increases both the healthspan and lifespan of worms. The issue cover evokes the experimental paradigm used in the study with light being shone onto a mitochondrion, placing the organelle in the spotlight.
See Berry et al.
Cover image: Sciepro/Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"mTOR, inflammaging and longevity
In this issue, Pingze Zhang et al. reveal that S6K suppression in the fruit-fly fat body mediates the longevity effects of rapamycin, and uncover a sex-dimorphic link through to lysosome morphology and inflammation, via Syntaxin 13. The cover image conceptualizes the link to inflammaging by depicting aged flies as confined to a jar (representing the nuclear localization of the Drosophila NFκB-like transcription factor Relish), emitting brighter light (representing upregulation of inflammatory mediators).
See Zhang et al.
Image: Bruna Di Giacomo, Independent Artist. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_8.png,A,"Non-classical correlations
Quantum devices need to be linked together in such a way that entanglement can be shared between them. Meesala et al. demonstrate a step towards this goal by developing a transducer capable of generating microwave-optical photon pairs that can be used to share non-classical correlations between an optical link and a superconducting quantum device.
See Meesala et al.
Image: Steven Wood, California Institute of Technology. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Topological frequency combs
Optical frequency combs are a key technology in communications, sensing and metrology. A theoretical proposal shows that introducing topological principles into their design makes on-chip combs more efficient and robust against fabrication defects.
See Mittal et al. and Peano
Image: David Lam. Cover Design:Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_3.txt,vitg,17_3.txt,"Light-induced anomalous Hall effect
A transient topological response in graphene is driven by a short pulse of light. When the Fermi energy is in the predicted band gap the Hall conductance is around two conductance quanta. An ultrafast detection technique enables the measurement.
See Cavalleri et al.
Image: Denis Aumiller. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_12.txt,clip,16_12.txt,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,vith,16_4.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_1.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,vith,4_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huguet et al. present an article focused on the interpretation of the effect size of CNVs on cognitive
ability across different gene sets related to brain and non-brain functions. The cover
image represents this article. The human genomic sequence is depicted in the background,
with blue and red parentheses indicating genomic duplications and deletions, respectively.
Circles of corresponding colors show which organ-associated gene sets affect cognitive
ability when duplicated or deleted. Therefore, the scale depicts the resulting changes
of cognitive ability for a given individual, with the left part showing a decreased
cognitive ability. Artist credit: Guillaume Huguet and Thomas Renne, authors on this
article, jointly produced the conceptual design of this cover, with Guillaume Huguet
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,clip,3_2.txt,train
iScience,28_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/28_3.png,C,"On the cover: The image represents that industrial production, mining, and the use
of metals and related compounds have led to escalated and intensified environmental
pollutions with heavy metals on our planet. High sensitivity to toxic heavy metal
ions mediated by ionotropic receptors helps Drosophilidae to avoid such a polluted environment. Image credit: Fanchen Kong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_7.txt,ave_3,26_7.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_2.txt,clip,28_2.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_3.txt,groundtruth,28_3.txt,"On the cover: This issue features the first article (Manzano et al., 2020) from a
special collection on “The Biology of Spaceflight” soon to be published in iScience and across other Cell Press journals. The image depicts Earth's atmosphere below
the International Space Station, featuring the aurora borealis and the stars. Photograph
by Scott Kelly.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_2.txt,ave_2,23_2.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_3.png,B,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Gathering knowledge on functionally invariant paths
When a neural network is optimized for more than one objective, improvement on a new task often results in worse performance on previously learned tasks. Raghavan et al. formulate this optimization problem in terms of differential geometry and follow paths that preserve previous solutions while searching for new ones.
See Raghavan et al.
Image: Vanitha Selvarajan. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,"A path for AI in the pandemic
In three Comments this issue several groups of experts discuss what role AI can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Though AI and machine learning researchers are ready and willing to play their part, it is not an easy task to identify where developments can be most useful. A close collaboration with health workers is required, as well as consideration of how new tools can make a global impact, with adaptability to local situations. One fast-emerging application of machine learning is in data-driven, digital solutions for tracing and tracking COVID-19 infections, but there are alarm bells ringing over the dangers of surveillance creep. In a series of short interviews we delve into the debate about contact track-and-trace apps and the whether it is possible to get the balance right between protecting public health and safeguarding civil rights with digital surveillance tools.
See Luengo-Oroz et al., Peiffer-Smadja et al., Hu et al. and Q&A
Image: sleepyfellow / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Looking for the right questions
Machine learning offers a powerful tool to scientists for probing data. But these tools must be developed with the right questions in mind. This issue features a Perspective exploring the challenges for social sciences to connect to AI research, a Comment from conservation ecologists urging a focus on the right metrics and ethical approach for applying machine learning ‘in the wild’, and the next instalment of our Challenge Accepted series, highlighting the challenge of finding the right question — and prize — when organizing data science competitions.
Image: Gonzalo Rodriguez Gaspar, GRG Studios. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_11.txt,vith,1_11.txt,val
Nature Cities,1_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_3.png,D,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Quantifying 15-minute cities
Quantifying the potential to achieve 15-minute cities, Bruno et al. measure the proximity time to access essential services and amenities across global cities. The 3D maps of Rome, Fortaleza, Nairobi, Mumbai, Hanoi and Bogotá show population density as the height of the bars, and blue, yellow and red as high, medium and low levels of accessibility.
See Bruno et al.
Image: Matteo Bruno, Sony Computer Science Laboratories - Rome. Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Sony Computer Science Laboratories – Rome. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_3.txt,groundtruth,1_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.png,A,"Human body digital twins can be created through the analysis and modelling of real physiological data coming from on-body sensors and medical devices. The cover image illustrates the duality between the real world and the virtual representation. See Occhipinti et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.txt,groundtruth,1_10.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,clip,1_5.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Hardware-aware neural architecture search is a useful tool to design efficient in-memory computing hardware for deep-learning accelerators. The cover image highlights a successful combination. SeeKrestinskaya et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,val
Nature Human Behaviour,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_3.png,B,"Why much of our charitable giving is ineffective
People donate billions each year, yet giving is often ineffective. Over five experiments, Burum and colleagues tested an explanation for inefficient giving based on evolutionary game theory, ruling out alternative accounts based on cognitive or emotional limitations.
See Burum et al.
Cover image: CatLane / E+ / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_1.txt,ave_3,4_1.txt,"Connecting humans and machines
The ubiquity of human–machine interactions is an opportunity to explore, while being mindful of the risks. This issue features a Focus on the many ways in which humans interact and communicate with machines, which foregrounds the societal implications and ethical considerations of emerging technologies.
See Focus
Image: Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,test
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_12.png,C,"The processes leading to large earthquakes remain enigmatic. Using detailed seismic and geodetic data, this Review examines how tectonic deformation and evolving fault behaviour initiate large earthquakes, and proposes an integrated model accounting for the diversity of observations. See Kato and Ben-Zion.
Image: Marco Equizi / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) underwent dramatic changes over the Holocene, impacting global sea levels. This Review discusses these pre-industrial Holocene changes and their drivers, as well as their relevance for current and future perturbations to the AIS. See Jones et al.
Image: Richard. S. Jones. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_5.txt,vitg,3_5.txt,"Sonification uses non-speech audio to convey complex data patterns in both space and time, overcoming visual and language barriers to science communication. This Commentoutlines how data sonification is primed to aid interpretations of multi-dimensional Earth and environmental data streams.
Image credit: Tom Gernon. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"Permafrost is warming and thawing at accelerating rates. This Focus issue and an accompanying online collection examines how permafrost is changing and the consequences for Earth and human systems. See Collection.
Image: peace portal photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_8.png,B,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Furst, Klass, and Francis discuss the use of DNA hybridization to assemble complex
arrangements of cells on pages 342–350. This technology enables the study of intercellular
interactions, nutrient transfer, and complex diseases. Cover image designed by Furst,
Klass, and Francis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_9.txt,vith,44_9.txt,"DNA breakage mechanisms at many of the most common lymphoid
chromosomal translocation fragile zones have been intriguing. The activation-induced
deaminase (AID) acts on single-stranded DNA and is a key factor in the chromosome
breakage at non-immunoglobulin loci. On pages 391–400 in this issue, Liu et al.
propose an RNA-tether model in which the binding of AID to the newly transcribed
RNA stabilizes AID to facilitate its deamination at the non-template DNA strand in
the
transcription bubble. Cover image designed by Di Liu and Lingyu Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_8.txt,groundtruth,49_8.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, women scientists are the primary authors of the Opinion and Review articles. From
Anna Marabotti and colleagues, “Standardizing macromolecular structure files: further
efforts are needed”; from Ilaria Elia et al, “The metabolic cross-talk between cancer
and T cells”; from Tatiana G. Kutateladze and Nitika Gaurav, “Non-histone binding
functions of PHD fingers”; from Jing-Dong Ja. Han, “LncRNAs: the missing link to senescence
nuclear architecture”; from Joanna Rorbach et al, “Insights into mitoribosomal biogenesis
from the recent structural studies”; and from Susan Daniel and colleagues “Membrane
protein synthesis: no cells required”. Cover image: GettyImages/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_6.txt,clip,48_6.txt,"On pages 472–483 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Goodsell, Olson, and Forli provide an update, almost thirty years in the making,
of how structural information can be integrated with light microscopy and -omics data,
among others, to depict the cellular mesoscale. This is the level at where one can
observe how individual molecular components come together and interact in living systems.
For example, on the cover, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is illustrated.
Cover image designed by Dr. Goodsell, in collaboration with Daniel Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_7.txt,ave_1,45_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_386,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_386.png,A,"COVER This week features a Perspective on calcium regulation of the permeability of the nuclear pore complex. The image depicts a nuclear pore. [Image: A. Patel and Z. U. A. Chowdhury, University of London, London, UK.]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_386.txt,groundtruth,2007_386.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how the Ca2+ sensors STIM1 and STIM2 are differentially required for basophil responses to distinct stimuli. The image shows an artist’s rendition of a basophil. [Image: Science Picture Co/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_576.txt,clip,12_576.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that structurally defines a cavity in the ion channel TRPA1 that critically coordinates the complex manner in which the channel's sensitivity is regulated and in which alterations may underlie chronic pain and other disorders. The image shows a docking model of the channel with phosphoinositides. [Image: Zimova et al.,  Science Signaling ]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_514.txt,vith,11_514.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how kinases recognize structurally formed consensus phosphorylation motifs in folded substrates. The image shows a model of the position of the residues in a structurally formed consensus motif (blue and pink residues) on α-tubulin (gray) with a peptide with a linear consensus motif above for comparison. [Image: Tiago José Paschoal Sobreira (Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil)]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_350.txt,vitg,7_350.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.png,B,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"Fluorescent sugar-hydrogel, developed using the functionalization of chitosan and an anthracene derivative, which shows solvent-dependent aggregation-based exciplex emission in gel networks at a normal temperature. The background image was created using DALL·E, an AI-powered image generation tool by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,Yellow cross-linked polymer monoliths with hierarchical porosities and,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,train
Med,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/6_1.png,D,"On the Cover: The events of 2020 have highlighted the existing health disparities
among people of different races and ethnicities throughout the world and the urgent
need for equitable access to healthcare solutions. The January 2021 issue of Med explores the complex relationships between diversity, race and health. Cover design
by Kip Lyall. Adapted from ArdeaA/iStock via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,vitg,1_1.txt,"On the cover: Chemotherapies are currently dosed based on a patient's height and weight,
using an equation from 1916 to estimate their body surface area. This method leads
to variability in pharmacokinetics, potentially causing increased toxicities and decreased
efficacy. Personalized dosing could improve the patient's experience by providing
a more accurate dose, reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy. In this
issue of Med, DeRidder et al. develop a closed-loop automated drug infusion regulator (CLAUDIA) system to address
this challenge by ensuring the drug reaches the target concentration regardless of
other factors. This illustration depicts a positive treatment experience, with patients
walking unbothered by their personalized chemotherapy dose represented by colorful
IV bags floating like balloons. Recovery is gentler, and daily life is less impacted
by chemotherapy. Cover credit: Virginia E. Fulford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_6.txt,clip,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/20_1.png,D,"Research into public perceptions of nanotechnology is becoming more rigorous with social scientists developing and testing increasingly complex theoretical models, as demonstrated by three papers in this issue. Dan Kahan and coworkers investigated the influence of cultural factors - in particular, whether individuals were pro- or anti-commerce - on attitudes towards the risks and benefits associated with nanotechnology; Dietram Scheufele and colleagues combined the results of public surveys in the US and Europe to explore the influence of religious beliefs on public perceptions of nanotechnology. In the third study Nick Pidgeon and co-workers found that energy applications of nanotechnology were viewed more positively than health applications in workshops organized in the UK and the US. (Image credit: Dariusz Miszkiel/123RF.)
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letters p87, 91 and 95; News & Views p79; Editorial p71",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/4_11.txt,vitg,4_11.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,vith,19_3.txt,"Researchers are able to control many of the properties of semiconductor nanowires including their composition, doping, crystal structure and orphology. However, progress towards the ab initio design and growth of hierarchical nanostructures has been limited. Now Charles Lieber and co-workers have demonstrated a 'nanotectonic' approach that provides iterative control over the nucleation and growth of nanowires, and they have used this approach to grow kinked or zigzag nanowires in which straight sections of controllable length are separated by triangular joints. Moreover, the growth direction remains coherent along the nanowire. They have also grown nanowires with specific device functions, such as p-n diodes and field-effect transistors, localized at the kinked junctions. The image on the cover is a composite of the same false-colour scanning electron microscope image of a single multiply-kinked nanowire with a diameter of 80 nm and a segment length of 1 âμm.
Image credit: B. Tian and C. Lieber.
Letter p824",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"Memristors for on-chip intelligence
The image on the cover shows the optoelectronic memristor cells to be fully integrated as a 128 × 8 multi-mode array for in-sensor computing applications.
See Heyi Huang et al.
Image: Heyi Huang, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.png,A,Density functional theory calculations are used to probe the possibility of the formation of benzene from acetylene precursors on the surface of olivine dust particles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Aerosols transform into vesicles upon entry into aqueous solution containing lipids. In a prebiotic environment, such aerosols would have acted as carriers of molecular building blocks, connecting multiple environments necessary for the emergence of life. Cover art created by Annie Tykwinski.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_12.txt,ave_1,2023_12.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,clip,2023_8.txt,An electrochemical sensing system based on a combination of potentiometric sensing and real-time corrections for the effects of salinity and temperature is proposed for rapid in situ monitoring of oceanic pCO2 with fluctuating salinities and temperatures.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.png,A,"Artificial transmembrane transport
Building artificial cells that mimic the functions of biological cells represents a fundamental challenge. A major bottleneck is the transport of substances across the artificial cell membrane. Now, Nan-Nan Deng and colleagues demonstrate an endocytosis-/exocytosis-like transmembrane transport in a liposome-based system. By utilizing interfacial energy, liposomes can reversibly engulf and excrete oil microdroplets, which can subsequently be exploited as reconfigurable oil-based channels for molecular transport. The cover illustrates the shuttling process of ions and DNA across the oil-based channels.
See Tian et al. and Parikh
Image: Nan-Nan Deng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.txt,groundtruth,1_6.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,clip,1_11.txt,"Engineering assembly pathways
Visualizing and manipulating the self-assembly pathways of nanoparticles to form functionalized superstructures remains challenging. Now, Xingchen Ye, Sharon Glotzer and colleagues image the complete self-assembly process of gold nanocubes in situ through liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Both molecular dynamics simulations and scaling theory were applied to quantify the interactions between the nanocubes and solvent to enable on-the-fly control of the self-assembly pathways. The cover image shows the self-assembly of gold nanocubes into three distinct superlattices.
See Zhong et al. and Woehl
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,test
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_8.png,A,"Animals, such as Singapore parrotfish, Scarus prasiognathos, shown here,
transport energy and nutrients through food webs and across ecosystem boundaries.
While energy and nutrient fluxes can be measured for individual animals, scaling up
these individual processes to entire communities is difficult, particularly in high-diversity
systems such as coral reefs. On pages 467−478, James Robinson and colleagues argue
that filling data gaps and combining flux frameworks with existing ecosystem tools
will
improve quantitative predictions, which will advance our understanding of how fishes
contribute to ecosystem functions and services. Photo credit: Tane Sinclair-Taylor.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_8.txt,groundtruth,39_8.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,"On pages 1177–1188, Sally Keith and colleagues introduce the new field of “macrobehaviour”.
This field integrates behavioural ecology and macroecology to provide new insight
into both fields, and has particular relevance for understanding ecological responses
to rapid environmental change. Coral reefs occur throughout the tropics and show clear
geographic patterns in species diversity. As such, reef fish, such as the threespot
damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus), pictured here, offer an ideal system in which to study macrobehaviour. Cover credit:
Umeed Mistry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_1.txt,clip,38_1.txt,"Understanding the resilience of coral reefs to climate change is a major concern amongst
marine ecologists. But despite the global importance of reefs, the theory of reef
resilience has largely been developed for just one region; the Caribbean. On pp. 404
– 413 of this issue, George Roff and Peter Mumby not only consider variation in resilience
in other regions, they examine factors that might predispose a particular region to
be resilient or susceptible to local disturbance and climate change . The cover image
shows an Acropora dominated Indo-Pacific reef (Palau, Micronesia) that has undergone rapid recovery
following coral bleaching in 1998. (Image courtesy of George Roff).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/27_6.txt,vith,27_6.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_8.png,B,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,vith,26_4.txt,"Pooled multicolour tagging
Multicolour tagging using intron-targeting single guide RNA libraries and computer vision enables the detection of protein localization changes.
See Reicher et al.
Image: Andreas Reicher, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_8.txt,groundtruth,26_8.txt,Dicer-deficient cells have multiple spindles (green) and undergo aberrant mitosis. cover design: Lawrence Keogh,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_5.txt,clip,6_5.txt,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,vitg,11_1.txt,test
Trends in Immunology,46_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/46_2.png,B,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"Experiments with particular specific pathogen-free (SPF)-inbred mouse
strains from different laboratories often yield conflicting data due to microbiota
variations
due to housing conditions. On pages 17–28, Rosshart, Bruno, and Schueler present
the option of using natural microbiota from wild mice to outcompete and replace
conventional laboratory SPF murine gut microbiota via co-housing (wildlings). They
propose that this may yield more robust, reproducible, and generalizable mouse data
in biomedical research than other models. Image credit: Ethan Tyler, NIH Division
of
Medical Arts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/46_2.txt,groundtruth,46_2.txt,"Since the age of Hippocrates, the crab has been used to represent cancer. In this
Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores the complex relationship between the immune system and cancer, discussing
how some immune processes are co-opted by cancer for its own benefit, and highlighting
how in some instances, immunity can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. We also
discuss how the immune system is impacted by anti-cancer therapies, and how in turn
this affects the outcome of the treatment. This battle is illustrated here: the crab
puts up its own defense against anti-cancer therapy and cytotoxic immune cells, but
it is also shielded from attack by pro-tumorigenic immune cells. Cover concept by
Seth B. Coffelt and Karin E. de Visser. Cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_10.txt,vith,36_10.txt,"The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against infection and
tissue injury. New imaging techniques and genetic tools are allowing researchers to
more precisely define how innate immune cells navigate their way to the appropriate
site during tissue perturbation. The articles in this themed issue of Trends in Immunology
examine the mechanisms that underlie innate immune cell trafficking in health and
disease. Cover illustration: Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_3.txt,vitg,32_3.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.png,A,"High-precision printing using gold nanoparticle ink, characterized by its low-temperature sintering capacity, presents a promising frontier for advancing flexible printed and wearable electronic technologies. The cover features the investigation and optimization of a water-based gold nanoparticle ink formulation tailored for utilization in aerosol jet and inkjet printers, specifically for applications within printed electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Electric-field-induced Joule heating has been employed to transform porous hard carbons into a free-standing monolith consisting of interconnected onion-like carbons. Such macroscopic self-supporting yet porous structures exhibit highly efficient capture of volatile organic compounds, such as toluene, in atmospheric conditions, besides providing a new route for achieving structural interconversions among nanocarbons.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,"Novel therapeutic strategies using gold nanoparticles as gene therapy vectors for the controlled and efficient silence of endogenous microRNAs or messenger RNAs involved in cancer. A universal gene silencing tool based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that effectively silences the specific target (siRNA, miRNA, or gene-specific mRNA) while simultaneously signaling its action via fluorescence emission in cancer cells is of utmost importance for the development of more selective cancer therapies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_1.txt,clip,2022_1.txt,This front cover represents the idea that science should be inclusive. We created a collage in which a face is composed and enriched by incorporating features of various women's faces worldwide. This work is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,val
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_4.png,C,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,vith,2_12.txt,"The young ones
An exceptionally preserved juvenile specimen of the lower Cambrian chancelloriid Allonnia phrixothrix from the Haiyan Lagerstätte of southwest China.
See Yang, X. et al.
Image: Xianfeng Yang. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/5_5.txt,clip,5_5.txt,"Iron constitution
Photograph of Ganas the Komodo dragon, once housed at London Zoo. Analysis of Ganas’ teeth, along with those of other Komodo dragons in museum collections around the world, has revealed that these lizards have evolved protective iron coatings on the cutting edges and tips of their serrated teeth.
See LeBlanc et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Charlotte Ellis, Zoological Society of London. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,vitg,3_12.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_6.png,D,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,ave_1,21_11.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Changeux presents a framework for connecting levels of brain organization to foster
the integration of neuroscientific findings from individual genes to consciousness.
Cover image from iStockphoto/grandeduc. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_10.txt,ave_2,21_10.txt,"Over the past decade, research has demonstrated that interoception
is associated with both the quality and intensity of humans’ affective experiences.
However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how signals from the body
produce affective states. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, M. J. Feldman,
E. Bliss-Moreau, and K. A. Lindquist integrate and build on prior theorizing to discuss
how bodily signals are transduced, transmitted, compressed, and integrated to produce
affective experiences. In doing so, they provide insight into the distinct phenomenology
of affective experiences. Cover image from DrAfter123/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_6.txt,groundtruth,28_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_3.png,C,"‘Astrocytes and neurodegeneration’, inspired by the Review on p23.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_12.txt,clip,24_12.txt,"‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.txt,ave_2,25_7.txt,"‘Synaptic labels’, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"‘Glial satellites’ inspired by the Review on p485.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_4.txt,vitg,21_4.txt,train
Neuron,113_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_2.png,B,"On the cover: A depiction of interneurons as gears in a watch movement—brass wheels
representing their dendrites, and nickel their axons. On the left is a bistratified
cell, and in the center is an O-LM cell. The bridge running left to right represents
stratum pyramidale. A pyramidal neuron takes the role of pallet lever (brass, top
right), receiving oscillatory input from the impulse pin to its apical tuft. Instead
of a balance wheel, this oscillatory input comes from the movement of the interneuron
gears. The output of the pyramidal neuron is the accurate timing of the movement of
the pallet wheel (nickel, bottom right corner), representing the cell’s axon. In this
issue, Katona et al. (pages 872–886) describe the temporal specialization of distinct
hippocampal GABAergic interneurons (in the neuronal machine).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/82_3.txt,clip,82_3.txt,"On the cover: Memory has a constructive nature. In this issue of Neuron, Lei et al. investigate the underlying neural mechanisms for memory systems reconsolidation,
which explains how recall of a remote memory triggers a reconstructive memory process
in the hippocampus. During this process, a new hippocampal engram ensemble is recruited
to provide new information to the original memory. The cover image represents this
process through a “clue wall” filled with two distinct styles of clues. Abstract black-and-white
line drawings symbolize semantic memory, while vivid, detailed images represent episodic
memory. The abstract clues are concentrated near the brain’s outline, corresponding
to the prefrontal cortex, whereas the detailed images are positioned relative to the
hippocampus. These clues collectively form a “Ship of Theseus,” symbolizing memories
that can be continuously updated with new information. This metaphor highlights the
key finding of this study: memory is a reconstructive process, and we are in search
of the traces and truth of our past via integrating remote abstract memories and newly
acquired episodic information. Overall, the cover image reflects the reconstructive
nature of memory, illustrating how the process of systems reconsolidation enables
us to adapt and update our memories over time. Artwork by Ying Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_2.txt,groundtruth,113_2.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Neuron presents a collection of Perspectives, Primers, and Review articles on cell biology.
These articles discuss recent key advances in the field and outline open questions
and possible directions of where the field is moving. Each article represents a powerful
example of how important cell biology is to understand the architecture of the brain
at the cellular and molecular level. The cover is an artistic depiction of a neuron
to highlight its intracellular machinery and specialized structural features.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/96_4.txt,vith,96_4.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Neuron presents a collection of reviews and opinions on neural dynamics and cognitive processing.
These pieces discuss the orchestration of networks serving attention, perception,
or memory, as well as the functional or mechanistic roles neural oscillations and
synchrony may play therein. The cover depicts a vector visualization in the shape
of a human head, symbolizing the dynamic flow of neural activity. Image adapted from
Sylverarts via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/111_18.txt,vitg,111_18.txt,val
Macromolecules,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_18.png,A,Targeted induction of right- or left-handed double-stranded helical sense in chiral polyelectrolytes through selective choice of configuration in the chiral pendant and with an appropriate counteranion. Authors used Freepik for the cover design.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,val
Science Advances,11_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_8.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Tears reveal more than just emotion. Tears' extracellular vesicles (EVs) allow us to see molecular-level signs of different diseases or actions of other organs inside our bodies. Hu et al. found that tear EVs act as immune effectors, maintain retinal homeostasis, and regulate inflammation. The rich bioinformation that tears carry offer value beyond the ocular system. Credit: Hu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_11.txt,clip,9_11.txt,"ONLINE COVER Single photons carrying spin and orbital angular momenta (SAM and OAM) surrounded by dimers of orthogonal nanorods. SAM and OAM encoded photons are crucial for optical and quantum applications, but the realization of their accurate on-chip generation is elusive. Liu et al. propose a general, metasurface-based approach for designing single-photon sources of circularly polarized single-mode vortex beams, with the SAM and OAM separately controlled by the meta-atom configuration and array arrangement. The proposed approach opens a new avenue for on-chip generation of complex single-photon beams for high-dimensional optical and quantum systems. Credit: Xujing Liu",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_32.txt,ave_1,9_32.txt,"ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of a universal prion-based mechanism for ionic strength sensing (represented by gauge) inside animal cells. An ever-expanding fraction of the global population faces rising temperatures and water scarcity, conditions that place excessive ionic stress on cells and tissues. Khandwala et al. show that increasing ionic strength inside cells activates a mitigative transcriptional program controlled by the protein NFAT5. This discovery links climate medicine and cell biology, providing a foundation for developing therapies against climate change-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease. Credit: Kate Zvorykina and Ella Marushchenko (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_8.txt,groundtruth,11_8.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_2.png,B,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Risko and Gilbert review the current research on cognitive offloading, or the use
of physical action to reduce cognitive load. Cognitive offloading includes a wide
range of actions, from counting on one’s fingers to programming reminders into one’s
smartphone. The authors discuss the factors that influence the decision to offload
and the cognitive impact of offloading. Cover image from iStockphoto/jpa1999. Cover
design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_4.txt,clip,20_4.txt,"Is working memory (WM) domain-general or domain-specific? In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nazbanou Nozari and Randi C. Martin explore the
domain-generality and domain-specificity of WM across three levels: computations,
neural
substrates, and applications. They propose a nuanced taxonomy, revealing the varying
degrees of domain-generality and domain-specificity across these levels, with practical
implications for WM training. The tiles on the cover visually represent the three
levels
explored by the authors. Cover image by Marissa Sirois.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_2.txt,groundtruth,28_2.txt,"Scientific progress depends on the quality of scientific concepts that reflect researchers'
understanding of their phenomena -- be it the periodic table of elements for chemistry
or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Marina Dubova & Robert L. Goldstone explore how scientific concepts influence measurement,
experimentation, theorizing, and communication in science, as well as the studied
phenomena themselves. The cover shows a scientist using a triangular mold to decompose
their world, leading to difficulties for the scientist who receives that decomposition
when trying to provide a coherent reconstruction of that world. This exemplifies challenges
for science when trying to develop new, improved scientific concepts by using data
shaped by the original concepts. A third scientist, an allegory for progressive improvement
in scientific concepts, suggests a potentially better, curved mold for breaking down
the world. Cover art by Joe Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_6.txt,vitg,27_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Rosenberg, Finn, Scheinost, Constable, and Chun discuss advances in connectivity-based
predictive modeling, how these methods inform our understanding of attention, and
how they can be applied to other cognitive domains. Cover image from iStockphoto/SomkiatFakmee.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_9.txt,vith,21_9.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_11.png,D,"The cover features an illustration of macrophages infected by Leishmania amastigotes. In their article, Mina et al. report Leishmania inositol phosphorylceramide synthase as a potential therapeutic target for the antihistamine clemastine fumarate. Image credit: Shutterstock. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2021_12.txt,ave_1,2021_12.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,vitg,2020_11.txt,"the molecular diversity of glycans present in fungal capsules. We report on the mapping of several antibody epitopes that target the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). The accompanying fluorescence microscopy image depicts two antibodies, 13F1 (red) and 18B7 (green), binding to distinct regions of the capsule..",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_9.png,B,"Kondo screening by quasiparticles
The Kondo effect — the screening of a magnetic impurity’s local moment by the electron Fermi sea in a metal — has been observed in a charge-insulating quantum spin liquid material, where the spinon excitations take the role of electrons.
See Zorko et al.
Image: Matjaž Gomilšek, Durham University and Jožef Stefan Institute. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_5.txt,clip,15_5.txt,"Material time in a material world
The way in which glassy materials age can be difficult to describe. The concept of material time allows for the description of this physical ageing in a linear way. Multispeckle dynamic light scattering experiments now provide experimental access to material time and show that intensity fluctuations become statistically reversible when referenced in this way.
See Böhmer
IMAGE: Sebastian Keuth. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Time to relax
The dynamic relaxation spectrum of a supercooled liquid is asymmetric near the glass transition. Overcoming the difficulties of accessing low temperatures and long time scales, simulations now attribute this feature to dynamic facilitation.
See Guiselin et al. and Zorn
Image: Camille Scalliet, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_9.txt,vith,18_9.txt,"Glassy learning
The physics that underlies the glass transition is both subtle and non-trivial. A machine learning approach based on graph networks is now shown to accurately predict the dynamics of glasses over a wider range of temperature, pressure and density.
See Bapst et al.
Image: DeepMind Technologies Limited. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_9.txt,vitg,16_9.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_3.png,D,"Although we aim to understand the molecular underpinnings of cellular signalling events,
inconsistencies and discord abound in the published literature. Do our in vitro experiments
and in silico modelling efforts accurately capture the nature of in vivo events? How
can we best make biochemical sense of the biological world? On pages 471–482 of this
issue, Toby Gibson outlines conserved features of cellular signalling events, and
discusses how this knowledge might facilitate experimental design and interpretation.
Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/34_3.txt,vitg,34_3.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,clip,47_14.txt,"The use of ensemble-based measurements obscures our ability to study complex biochemical
pathways. Recent technological advances make it possible to tackle such questions
on a single-molecule basis, thereby providing an in-depth view of cellular processes.
On pages 234–243 of this issue, Achillefs Kapanidis and Terence Strick describe how
the most popular single-molecule techniques can be used to address a wide range of
biological questions and outline the challenges that remain in bringing these approaches
to widespread use. Cover Design: Philip Patenall. Cover image: Photolibrary.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/34_8.txt,ave_1,34_8.txt,"Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) is an emerging concept that
explains how membraneless cellular compartments and macromolecules organize
themselves while maintaining mobility. On pages 888–900 in this issue, Choi et al.
review presynaptic proteins that undergo LLPS and explore its potential contribution
to presynaptic compartmentalization and function. They also highlight the limitations
in this field and suggest future directions for understanding the role of LLPS in
presynapses and neurodegenerative diseases. Cover image by Jiyoung Choi and
Daehun Park.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_3.txt,groundtruth,49_3.txt,train
innovation,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_5.png,A,"On the cover: Over the past three decades of exploration, Helicobacter pylori has
emerged as the most significant bacterium in the understanding of gastric diseases:
In 1984, the connection between Helicobacter pylori and gastritis, as well as gastric
ulcers, was first confirmed in humans. In 1994, the World Health Organization classified
Helicobacter pylori as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer. And in 2005, Dr. Barry
Marshall and Dr. Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
for their pioneering research in the field of Helicobacter pylori. Currently, Professor
Shen Lin's team at Peking University Cancer Hospital, through a combination of large-scale
clinical analysis and advanced omics technologies, has revealed the significant impact
of Helicobacter pylori on the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors.
This research opens up new directions for both clinical and basic studies of Helicobacter
pylori.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"On the cover: Cancer is a complicated disease by genetic mutations. Loads of scientists
and doctors had been making history to cancer research and clinical management. Now
we're in the era of precision medicine and it is possible to conquest cancers via
multidisciplinary collaboration in the near future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,vitg,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage
liver disease. And the reconstitution of immune homeostasis post-transplant is critical
for the long-term survival. However, the dynamics of immune response patterns under
immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients remain largely unexplored. Professor
Peng Zhihai's team at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University utilized longitudinal
clinical multicohort and single-cell technologies to reveal the processes of immune
rejection and homeostasis remodeling after liver transplantation. Under immunosuppressive
treatment, the postoperative immune response pattern of stably restored transplant
patients underwent a dynamic evolution in one year, progressing through four stages
of immune responses, from which a series of molecular markers for the early detection
and proactive intervention of graft rejection were identified. On these findings,
Peng's team developed a four-stage clinical management framework, offering a more
refined guide to the clinical management of patients after liver transplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_4.txt,vith,5_4.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_1.png,C,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,vith,3_7.txt,"The ‘sunset years’ come with sex differences in cardiometabolic health
Using a large cohort of people that spans three generations, Zhernakova et al. find that sex differences in risk factors and biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases change dynamically with age.
See Zhernakova et al. and News & Views by Miller and Heather
Image: Jingyuan Fu, University Medical Center Groningen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"How the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio influences atherosclerosis
Murcy et al. show that increasing the plasma ratio of glutamine to glutamate in a mouse model of atherosclerosis can distally reprogram transcriptional and post-transcriptional remodeling of the aorta by GLS2-dependent hepatic glutaminolysis.
See Murcy et al.
Image: Aude Laurent (Ododo) - Motion design / Art direction / Video editing / illustration *FREELANCE*. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_3.png,D,"The cover graphic depicts the creation of novel light-responsive, self-assembled micelles via ultrasensitive photo-reversible cycloaddition reactions; this breakthrough in the development of stimuli-responsive block copolymers may enable significant advances in biomaterials and drug delivery. These newly developed polymeric micelles exhibit a number of unique amphiphilic characteristics including extremely high micellar stability, rapid and ultrasensitive light-responsive properties, and tunable drug-loading capacity and drug release profiles. Importantly, the drug-loaded micelles exhibit highly stable drug entrapment in serum-containing media for prolonged periods of time, undergo controlled cellular uptake, and, after short-term UV irradiation, substantially improve the safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy in vitro.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_7.txt,vith,2019_7.txt,A newly designed DNA aptamer switch (keyhole on door) can reconfigure when binding to lead ions (purple spheres). The aptamer switch (aptaswitch) is used to detect lead ions using the fluorescent signal obtained on reconfiguration (open aptaswitches on other side of door). Cover art designed and created by Arun Richard Chandrasekaran.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_2.txt,vitg,2022_2.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,"Esterase-responsive turn-on fluorogenic prodrug of the marketed drug epalrestat was developed towards the treatment of cancer by selectively inhibiting aldose reductases. Activation of the prodrug by intracellular esterases, overexpressed in cancer cells, enables the real-time monitoring of the active drug release (epalrestat) with fluorescence readout.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_6.png,B,"Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated
with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies,
autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705,
Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity
and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms
of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image
credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt,vith,42_5.txt,"VAV1 is a positive regulator of TCR activation and cytokine production in
primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Loss/suppression of VAV1 can mitigate disease
phenotypes in arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or colitis mouse
models. On pages 580–596, Neurath and Berg suggest that targeting VAV1 may hold
therapeutic potential in T and T/B cell-mediated autoimmune and chronic inflammatory
diseases. The illustration represents the battle that unfolds between a dragon destroying
a city (host), and a knight. The scene symbolizes self-reactive T cells (dragon) in
autoimmunity, inflammation (flames), and the potential of drug targeting (knight),
in this
case VAV1. Image credit: Darrison Haftarczyk.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_6.txt,groundtruth,45_6.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"A central tenet of (adaptive) immunology has been that responses are initiated in
secondary lymphoid tissues and by and large this seems to be the case. However, more
recent data has demonstrated that T cells, as opposed to their B cell cousins, are
a lot less choosy about where they are activated. On pages 144–153 Burkhard Becher
and colleagues speculate how the surprising unfussiness of T cells could represent
an ancient activation pathway extant prior to the evolutionary appearance of dedicated
lymph nodes. The cover image sans the T cell is of a cave bordering the Nanzen-ji
temple complex in Kyoto, Japan. Photo by ZTF.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/31_10.txt,vitg,31_10.txt,test
Trends in Parasitology,40_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_6.png,D,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,vitg,32_11.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation
of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_7.txt,clip,33_7.txt,"Ever since its invention, imaging technology has played a central role in parasitological
diagnostics and (pre-)clinical research to fill the drug and vaccine development pipeline.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, de Korne et al. discuss the role imaging technology has played so far in parasitology and provide
an outlook of what imaging may bring to the field of parasitology. Migration through
the host is a key characteristic of parasites. To symbolize this, the cover image
shows the migratory paths of schistosomes and Plasmodium parasites, including the different “stations” where these parasites can currently
be imaged. Improvements in the means by which parasites can be tracked on their journey
through the host can provide fundamental insights for rational design and a readout
for testing the efficacy of new antiparasitic strategies. Cover image designed by
Clarize de Korne and Eric Brienen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_10.txt,ave_1,39_10.txt,"Microscopy image analysis is critical in parasitology research because
it allows researchers to analyze parasite shape, function, and life cycles. Traditional
artificial intelligence (AI) methods often have limitations due to their black-box
nature
and lack of integration with human expert knowledge, which impedes their explainability
and performance. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Feng et al. review the recent
advancements in knowledge-integrated AI models for the analysis of parasite microscopy
images. By incorporating expert knowledge from parasitologists into AI, the resulting
knowledge-integrated models can offer both high accuracy and explainability. This
synergy is especially important in parasitology, where the correct identification
of parasites
is crucial for the treatment and control of the disease. The cover image represents
the
partnership between AI and parasitologists, demonstrating how this paradigm leads
to
better diagnostics and research in parasitology. Image credit: Sen Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_6.txt,groundtruth,40_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_9.png,B,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,"The varied roles of non-haematopoietic cells, inspired by the Review on p206.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Advancing equitable access to care, inspired by the Comment articles for World Kidney Day starting on p147.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.txt,ave_1,20_10.txt,"The balancing act of regulatory T cells, inspired by the Review on p544.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_7.png,B,"Sex chromosomes and carbon capture
Sphagnum mosses sequester large quantities of carbon into peatlands. The genomes of Sphagnum species contain sex chromosomes carrying genes that alter the growth and carbon capture characteristics of the two sexes.
See Healey et al.
Image: Blanka Aguero. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_11.txt,ave_1,9_11.txt,"How to make a moss
Recent advances in DNA synthesis techniques have made possible the de novo synthesis of substantial genomes of organisms such as mycoplasma, bacteria and yeast. Synthesis of the genome of a multicellular organism remains out of reach, but the moss Physcomitrium patens could be the first.
See Yu et al. and Editorial
Image: Andreas Rullmann/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_7.txt,groundtruth,10_7.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"The conquest of dry land
Around 470 million years ago, land plants evolved from a charophycean algal ancestor. Many of their lineages, such as Sporogonites, Cooksonia and Baragwanathia (shown here), became extinct, while others have come to dominate most terrestrial habitats.
See Bowman
Image: June Ding. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_1.txt,vitg,8_1.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_5.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,vith,9_2.txt,"On The Cover Manganese uptake at the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane enables photoautotrophic
growth. Image by: Anja Schneider, Bin Zhang, and Chi Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/11_6.txt,clip,11_6.txt,"On the cover: Fertility restorer genes play an important role in three-line hybrid rice breeding.
In this issue, Song et al. show that structural variations of a new fertility restorer
gene, Rf20, are associated with restoration of wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility
in rice. The cover image features rice paddy field for production of three-line hybrid
seeds and the delicate structure of a rice floret with normal (left) and shrunk (right)
anthers that produce fertile and sterile pollens, respectively. As shown in the circle
around rice floret, RF20 gene as well as its copy number variations and environmental temperature that affect
Rf20 gene expression contribute to the fertility restoration ability of rice restorer
lines. Image by: Li Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_5.txt,groundtruth,17_5.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_4.png,B,"A path for AI in the pandemic
In three Comments this issue several groups of experts discuss what role AI can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Though AI and machine learning researchers are ready and willing to play their part, it is not an easy task to identify where developments can be most useful. A close collaboration with health workers is required, as well as consideration of how new tools can make a global impact, with adaptability to local situations. One fast-emerging application of machine learning is in data-driven, digital solutions for tracing and tracking COVID-19 infections, but there are alarm bells ringing over the dangers of surveillance creep. In a series of short interviews we delve into the debate about contact track-and-trace apps and the whether it is possible to get the balance right between protecting public health and safeguarding civil rights with digital surveillance tools.
See Luengo-Oroz et al., Peiffer-Smadja et al., Hu et al. and Q&A
Image: sleepyfellow / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Fly-by-feel flight control
Natural flight capabilities surpass current drone technology, with mechanoreceptors in wings thought to have a crucial role in the control of insect flight. Inspired by this observation, Kim et al. developed a wing strain-based control system, achieving precise manoeuvrability of flapping wing robots and offering insights into autonomous flight control within complex aerodynamic flows.
See Kim et al.
Image: Aleksey Akimov/ Shutterstock. Pixacon/ Shutterstock. 3d_molier International/ Turboquid by Shutterstock. Image concept: Daeshik Kang, Ajou University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,clip,1_9.txt,"Insect-like plume tracking with reinforcement learning
Flying insects excel at solving the computational challenge of tracking of odour plumes. Many aspects of the associated behaviour and the underlying neural circuitry are well studied, but measuring neural activity directly in freely behaving insects is not tractable. Singh et al. developed a complementary in silico approach that involves recurrent neural network artificial agents that use deep reinforcement learning to locate the source of simulated odour plumes. The trained agents produce trajectories with a strong resemblance to those of flying insects and learn to compute task-relevant variables with distinct dynamic structures in population activity.
See Satpreet H. Singh et al.
Image: Bing Wen Brunton, Floris van Breugel / University of Washington. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_12.txt,vith,5_12.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2025_2.png,D,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,vith,2015_11.txt,All-inorganic noble-metal-free thiomolybdate anions anchor covalently and irreversibly to a range of oxide surfaces by undergoing a partial ligand displacement. We show that the heterogenized clusters act as stable and efficient light-driven hydrogen evolution co-catalysts when photosensitized by a semiconductor support (Cover design by Stephen Myakala).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_14.txt,ave_2,2022_14.txt,The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt,clip,2021_17.txt,The catalytic activity of LaCoO3 perovskite toward toluene oxidation can be improved by A-site defects regulation and the Rs is closely associated with the O p-band center.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_12.png,D,"The cover describes the famous story of Trojan horse in ancient Greek history. This story reflects how tumor-originated oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG, Trojan horse) enters vascular endothelial cells via its new transporter SLC1A1 (city gate). R-2-HG entry is accompanied by Na+(soldiers hiding in the Trojan horse) that triggers downstream events to enhance tumor angiogenesis. See page 638-658 by Xiaomin Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_6.txt,clip,32_6.txt,"The cover image illustrates the Lugou Bridge, which is one of the most famous scenic spots and the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. The stone lions carved above the stone guardrail are in different shapes, just like the heterogeneous fate choices of hemogenic endothelial cells on the way to become hematopoietic stem cells. See page 448–463 by Jun Xia et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_7.txt,vith,33_7.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,ave_1,29_9.txt,"The image shows the tragic story of the Greek soldier Philippides, who brought the victory message of the battle of Marathon to Athens but died after 26 miles and 385 yards (42.195 km) exhaustive running. In fact, human muscle developed mitochondrial protein lactylation as a preventive mechanism for such disaster. See page 13–30 by Yunzi Mao et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_12.txt,groundtruth,34_12.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_12.png,B,"Focus on reproductive aging
Reproductive aging is an important determinant of fertility span and overall health and wellbeing in older age. In this issue, Nature Aging presents a series of reviews and opinion pieces on recent advances and future directions in reproductive aging research. The cover image shows seasonally colored trees — a springtime tree in green, and autumn trees in brilliant yellow and red — that represent different stages of reproductive physiology in aging.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_1.txt,ave_3,4_1.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,vitg,4_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.png,A,"The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders, inspired by the Review on p511.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"Key advances in endocrinology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p71
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_11.txt,ave_2,17_11.txt,"The ageing thyroid, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.txt,clip,20_12.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_7.png,A,", the model organism zebrafish exhibits an inflammatory response.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,The epoxidation products produced by 1-nitropyrene metabolic transformation in the body increase the risk of DNA binding and affect human health. The health risks of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken seriously.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"Dietary intake of arsenosugars from seaweed, clams, mussels, and oysters confounds studies of arsenic methylation efficiency in humans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_3.txt,ave_1,2023_3.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_1.png,B,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,vith,2023_8.txt,"A new method for synthesizing urea-based polymers with tetracyanobutadiene chromophores is presented. These polymers show selective  turn-on fluorescence when exposed to fluoride ions in a wide range from 30 μM to 7.2 mM. Fluoride disrupts supramolecular aggregates of the polymer, enhancing emission intensity. The background image was generated using the free NinjaTech AI tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"An all-organic nanocomposite of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with uniformly dispersed cellulose nanocrystals is prepared via in situ polymerization. The composite films are processed facilely through a blown extrusion process that is suitable for mass production, and a 22% improvement in tear toughness was achieved in relation to that of neat PBAT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_12.txt,vitg,2023_12.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,test
ACS Nano,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_6.png,D,"Protein structure and function can be compromised by mechanical stress. However, covalent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2016_11.txt,clip,2016_11.txt,http://vaults.arc2.ucla.edu/MovieS2.htm,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2014_2.txt,vitg,2014_2.txt,"This study demonstrates the implementation of Hamming code in communication systems for error detection and correction using DNA nanostructures. Through intricate DNA logic operations and analysis of fluorescence signals, the DNA nanostructures provide error correction capabilities for data transmissions of up to 6 bits, showcasing its potential in ensuring accurate and reliable communication.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,"Optical forces are utilized to enable the rapid and controllable transport of subcellular structures, such as organelles, within the natural tunneling nanotube structures between cells, which serve as biological conveyor belts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_3.png,D,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,vith,2024_9.txt,"The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt,clip,2016_8.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,vitg,2018_12.txt,Engineering living material for fragrance release.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
ACS Nanoscience Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_3.png,C,"Many metal nanoparticles adopt a face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, as shown on the cover. The surfaces of four facets of this fcc nanoparticle are highlighted on the nanoparticle. Enlarged regions of the atomic arrangements of the surfaces of these facets are shown, along with the subsurface atoms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.txt,clip,2024_2.txt,A different ligand ratio was employed in the design of hybrid drug delivery systems based on monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters for targeted cancer therapy and studied via MD simulations. This cover shows a representative case when the most convenient features are exhibited after favoring the targeting ligand (peptide) over the chemo drug. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2021_1.txt,ave_2,2021_1.txt,"The strategic coating of Cu/ZrO2/In2O3 and Cu/CeO2/In2O3 catalysts with mesoporous SiO2 creates a maze-like environment during CO2 hydrogenation. This environment allows reactant molecules to move freely until they reach the active sites. Even under challenging reaction conditions, the physical constraints effectively prevent nanoparticles from sintering, ensuring consistent performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"A Ce(III), Bi(III)-co-doping strategy was applied to lead-free Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite nanocrystals for improved photoluminescence quantum yield and structural stability because of well-passivated surface defects and restrained uncoordinated chlorine ions that promoted the localization of self-trapped excitons and thus prevented emission quenching. The progressive red-shift in the emission of light is depicted in this cover as a change in color of the wavy ribbon and a lengthening of the undulations of the surface as doping proceeds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_5.txt,ave_3,2022_5.txt,test
Nature Aging,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_7.png,D,"Causality-enriched epigenetic clocks
In this issue, Kejun Ying et al. identify CpGs that may be causally linked to aging-related traits using epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization. They develop the epigenetic clocks DamAge and AdaptAge, which track adverse and adaptive outcomes, respectively. The cover image conceptualizes the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process as a cascade of dominoes that links the youthful individual with the old one. Each domino represents a key CpG site with a causal influence on aging undergoing methylation (denoted by the letter ‘M’). The falling of the dominoes embodies causal effects of these methylation events, suggesting a sequential impact on the progression of aging.
See Ying et al.
Image: Ying Fang, Independent Artist, and Kejun Ying, Harvard University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_11.txt,clip,4_11.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,ave_3,4_12.txt,"Single-cell epigenetic age estimation
In this issue, a study by Trapp et al. introduces scAge, a computational framework that enables epigenetic age estimation at single-cell resolution. The new method can track the aging process in individual cells and its heterogeneity in tissue. Notably, scAge revealed a natural cellular rejuvenation event occurring during early embryogenesis. The issue cover features a cell, whose genome blends into the outline of a clock — its hands, denoting age, are driven by the CpG methylation patterns on the DNA.
See Trapp et al. and the accompanying News & Views by K. Lenhard Rudolph
Cover image: Tiamat Fox. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,"Stochasticity in epigenetic clocks
In this issue, three studies examine the contribution of stochastic epigenetic changes to DNA methylation clocks. Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. and Tong et al. take different approaches to addressing this question, and concur that stochasticity is involved in epigenetic aging. The cover, from Meyer et al., shows a Galton board, which is a device used to illustrate concepts of probability and stochasticity. At the top, a series of small balls are released, which follow a random path before landing in bins at the bottom. Over many trials, this stochastic process leads to the formation of a normal distributed shape. A clock is depicted within this shape to illustrate that a completely stochastic process can be used to construct aging clocks, consistent with a role of age-dependent increases in stochastic variation in epigenetic processes.
See Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. & Tong et al.
Image: Maayan Visuals. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,test
Med,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_5.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,clip,4_8.txt,"On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first
Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific
advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes
the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to
fight COVID-19.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/1_1.txt,ave_1,1_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,vitg,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Xenotransplantation of engineered organs and tissues from different
species offers a promising solution to the major global challenge of finding suitable
donor organs for transplants. Results from early pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant
trials are encouraging, but the interactions between xenotransplanted organs and the
recipient require further characterization. In this issue of Med, Pan et al. apply single-cell sequencing to map the dynamics of xenograft-recipient interactions.
While they observe early signs of antibody-mediated rejection, the porcine kidney
shows evidence of rapid tissue repair after transplantation. These insights can be
used to design new engineered porcine models to optimize patient outcomes after xenotransplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_4.png,C,"Mathematical models can make use of clinical data and incorporate knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms of cancer growth and resistance to describe the response of tumour cells to cancer treatment and design treatment schedules that account for patient-specific responses. See Thomas O. McDonald et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,vith,2_5.txt,"Human brain organoids can partly mimic the structure and function of the human brain and are being explored for the investigation of human brain development, biology and disease. With their increasing complexity and applications, ethical questions have arisen focused on how to classify, use and regulate these tissues. See Nathan A. Shlobin et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_4.txt,groundtruth,2_4.txt,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,clip,2_1.txt,val
Cell Reports,43_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_7.png,B,"On the cover: When a female Anopheles mosquito bites a person infected with malaria parasites, the mosquito ingests gametocytes.
Gametocytes are the only parasite stage that can infect the mosquito, ensuring onward
transmission. Gametocytes express a protease called plasmepsin V, and its inhibition
with small molecules blocks protein export and gametocyte development, preventing
parasite transmission to mosquitoes. This validates plasmepsin V as an antimalarial
transmission-blocking drug target. Illustration by Drew Berry (Biomedical Animator,
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/29_2.txt,clip,29_2.txt,"On the cover: Aedes aegypti mosquitos that have fed on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
colored with food dyes. In this issue, Sakuma et al. identify fibrinopeptide A (FPA) as a meal-terminating signal that is produced in
the host's blood during coagulation and increases in the mosquito's body as blood
feeding proceeds. In the absence of FPA, mosquitoes will ingest greater volumes of
blood or ATP. Image credit: Chisako Sakuma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_7.txt,groundtruth,43_7.txt,"On the cover: In this week's issue of Cell Reports, Ressurreição et al. use tools to rapidly disrupt the activity of the core planar
polarity protein Dishevelled, combined with quantitative measurements and mosaic analysis,
to investigate Dishevelled function in maintenance of planar polarity. The image depicts
an adult Drosophila wing mutant for a planar polarity allele with mis-polarized hairs on the surface.
Fly wing image by David Strutt, and montage designed by Samantha Warrington.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_8.txt,vitg,25_8.txt,"On the cover: Three PLPPNs — a novel type of Drosophila mushroom body input neuron described by Li et al. in this issue — were labeled with a combination of split-GAL4 and MultiColor FlpOut
transgenes. These neurons connect the visual system to the mushroom body, an associative
brain center. Photo by Jinzhi Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/32_3.txt,vith,32_3.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_9.png,A,"Whole-body imaging
Image of a whole mouse body with depth color-coding of a neuronal marker. Mai et al. present wildDISCO, a method for whole-body imaging compatible with standard IgG antibody labeling.
See Mai et al.
Image: Ali Ertürk, Hongcheng Mai, Jie Luo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/29_10.txt,vith,29_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates ten years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Erin Boyle.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_10.txt,ave_3,24_10.txt,Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_10.txt,clip,34_10.txt,train
Structure,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/33_2.png,A,"On the cover: Alternative complex III from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation
with transmembrane proton translocation in respiratory and photosynthetic electron
transport chains. This image shows CaACIII structures determined by X-ray crystallography
and cryoelectron microscopy. The CaACIII crystal structure presented in this issue
by Wu et al. highlights the conformational stability of its core functional modules and reveals
local flexibility in regions with low sequence conservation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,"On the cover: Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling regulate numerous physiological functions. Overloaded Ca2+ stores promote cell death and dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leading to diseases including cancers. Guo et al. (pp. 1013–1021) present
crystal structures of a prokaryotic TMBIM Ca2+ channel (ribbons) in which a pH- and ion-sensitive aspartyl dyad forms H-bonds with
an arginine residue on TM2 (cyan) and regulates the opening and closing of a transmembrane
pore for Ca2+ translocation across bilayer membranes (spheres).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_7.txt,clip,27_7.txt,"On the cover: β-Arrestins (βarrs) critically regulate GPCR signaling and trafficking.
Min et al. (pp. 1014–1023) present a 2.3 Å crystal structure of βarr2 in complex with
a phosphopeptide (C7pp) derived from the carboxyl terminus of a chemokine receptor
CXCR7, showing that C7pp-bound βarr2 has small inter-domain rotation. The cover image
shows the crystal structure of βarr2 (blue) in complex with C7pp (orange). HEK-293
cells expressing CXCR7 are also shown (green) when stimulated with a saturating concentration
of agonist, followed by live cell imaging. Cover art by Kyungjin Min, Ka Young Chung,
Arun K. Shukla, and Hyung Ho Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_4.txt,vith,28_4.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_4.png,C,"Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. It is our vision that, over the next 25 years, innovators around the world will use foundational and methodological advances in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to transform major sectors of the global economy, ranging from fuels and chemicals, to transportation, agriculture, and water purification and delivery. The next generations of chemists, engineers, and other innovators will use new sets of tools and principles. These tools and principles will need to be integrated into chemistry and engineering education. Building on 25 Years of Green Chemistry and Engineering for a Sustainable Future touches on these topics (DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02484).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2016_2.txt,vitg,2016_2.txt,"Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,"The potassium sulfate process for refining spodumene concentrate to lithium chemicals produces high value byproducts, potash alum and leucite fertilizer, in contract to the conventional technology that yields low-value sodium sulfate and no-value hydrogen aluminosilicate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,ave_0,2017_12.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_7.png,D,"Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design.  Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_6.txt,clip,2021_6.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,"In this Topical Review, the authors suggest new biocompatible chemical ligation tools for kinetic target-guided synthesis of biologically active compounds, based on a retrospective analysis of reaction rates of reported ligations. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 5YGM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_12.txt,vitg,2021_12.txt,"Our study introduces an innovative therapeutic approach using advanced ultradeformable particles (UDPs), specifically transethosomes, to deliver silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and vitamin E (VE) for bacterial-infected wound healing. This synergistic method significantly reduces the bacterial burden within the wound microenvironment, offering a promising strategy for addressing complications in skin injuries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/4_1.png,C,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,"Carbon nanobelts with a twist
Fully-fused Möbius carbon nanobelts are synthesized using a bottom-up approach in which the aromatic carbon chain is formed by sequential Wittig reactions. This synthesis may pave the way for the development of nanocarbon materials with complex topological structures.
See Segawa et al.
Image: Issey Takahashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"MOFs made to order
The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents.
See Barsukova et al.
Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_4.png,B,"Turning ten
This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal.
See Editorial
Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt,vitg,11_9.txt,"Topological transformations of DNA origami
Biological systems often use topological transformations to control the flow of molecular information, but constructing artificial structures capable of such controlled structural changes is challenging. Now, Chunhai Fan, Hao Pei and co-workers have developed DNA origami systems that undergo global conformational changes upon topological operations involving ‘glue–cut’ processes. The cover depicts three differently shaped DNA nanostructures — showcasing variations in size, shape and topological properties — with a mechanical operating arm representing the topological operations.
See Ji et al.
Image: Xiewei Xiong, East China Normal University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_4.txt,groundtruth,16_4.txt,"Just like the fish shown on the cover of this issue, tessellation with simple shapes can cover large surfaces. Recognizing that triple-helical self-assembly can be thought of as a tiling problem, Ronald T. Raines and co-workers have now demonstrated that collagen-mimetic peptide tiles can be assembled into triple helices with perfect symmetry to form synthetic collagen nanofibres that are nearly a micrometre in length.Article p1008IMAGE: H. ADAM STEINBERGCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_2.txt,clip,8_2.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,vith,7_10.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_42,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_42.png,D,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,"Sandwich-type phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes have been limited to the dimer and trimer species in the past. This cover shows that the reaction of a double-decker Pc with a cadmium salt yields a discrete quadruple-decker Pc complex, which is the first buildup since the synthesis of a triple-decker Pc complex in 1986. See Fukuda and co-workers, p 6278.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_34.txt,clip,2010_34.txt,Insight into the redox properties of sulfated metal oxides was gained by observation of anomalous orthogonal organometallic reactivity upon chemisorption of an iridium precatalyst onto the oxide surface. This cover depicts the complex sulfate speciation that was investigated in order to identify the surface architecture responsible for this oxidation behavior. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_32.txt,vith,2018_32.txt,free stream exits the mountain.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_42.txt,groundtruth,2024_42.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_1.png,C,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,vitg,2020_7.txt,"Reactions in gels help make a chemical process visual by slowing down the reaction rate, which allows students to observe a reaction process in detail. In the article ""Experimenting with a Visible Copper–Aluminum Displacement Reaction in Agar Gel and Observing Copper Crystal Growth Patterns To Engage Student Interest and Inquiry"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00207), Xinhua Xu, Meifen Wu, Xiaogang Wang, Yangyiwei Yang, Xiang Shi, and Guoping Wang describe an experiment in which the reaction process of copper–aluminum displacement in agar gel was observed at the microscopic level with a stereomicroscope. As shown on the cover, pine-like branches of copper crystals growing from aluminum surface into gel at a constant rate were observed. Students were asked to make hypotheses about the pattern formation and to design new research approaches to prove their hypotheses. Using this method, students carry out an experiment based on a specific chemical equation while also encountering the concepts of crystal growth and microcells through dramatic images of real-time change and visible crystal growth.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_4.txt,clip,2016_4.txt,"In ""Using Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to Teach Chemical Concepts of Thermodynamics"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00680), Daisuke Kajiya demonstrates the use of aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate in simple experiments with common equipment to help strengthen students' understanding of thermodynamics. Topics covered include the ideal gas law, the van't Hoff equation, Gibbs energy, pH change, chemical equilibrium, and pattern formation (as featured on the cover). These activities were successfully used with first-year and second-year undergraduate nonscience majors to study various basic principles of chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_1.txt,groundtruth,2021_1.txt,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,vith,2014_12.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_9.png,A,"With a copper electrode background, the cover describes the process of carbon deposition leading to electrode poisoning in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction process. The carbon accumulation on the electrode surface is irregularly distributed, and the hydrogen evolution reaction is intensified.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,ave_1,2024_6.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_1.png,B,"Thriving in an inhospitable environment, inspired by the Review on p448.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.txt,ave_2,24_6.txt,"Terraforming a new organ site, inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,"‘The signalling hub’, inspired by the Review on p454.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_5.txt,vitg,19_5.txt,"'Cancer under construction' by Lara Crow, inspired by this Focus issue.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/16_2.txt,clip,16_2.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_3.png,B,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,clip,40_5.txt,"Recent studies have shed more light on the pivotal role of transient
receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels in the pathophysiology of cerebral
ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this issue, Liu et al. summarize the recent
understanding of the role of TRPM channels in cerebral I/R injury, focusing on their
contribution to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses,
and calcium overload. They also discuss challenges and future directions in
therapeutically targeting TRPM channels in cerebral I/R injury. The cover is an
illustration of TRPM 2, 4, 7 and 8 (yellow, green, pink and blue). Cells impacted
such
as neuron (blue), microglia and astrocyte (yellow) are also depicted. Other elements
depicted are activated inflammasome, degenerating myelin sheat, and misfolded
proteins (brown), features in some cerebral I/R injury. Cover designed by Hong Xi
using BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_3.txt,groundtruth,45_3.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_6.txt,ave_1,40_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,ave_2,34_3.txt,test
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_1.png,B,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_5.txt,vith,40_5.txt,"This issue showcases recent advancements in vaccine research. It
underscores the growing application of nucleic acid, recombinant protein, and multi-epitope
peptide subunit vaccines, as well as lipid nanoparticle and dendritic cell-based
platforms in the design and delivery of vaccines. These innovative approaches are
proving effective against a range of diseases, including infectious viral diseases
like mpox
and enterovirus, parasitic infections such as malaria, and various cancers, all of
which
necessitate a multifaceted immune response. The inclusion of adjuvants, which enhance
vaccine efficacy by stimulating innate immune receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs),
is
crucial for achieving optimal results. The cover image features various vaccine types
in the
background while spotlighting a new generation of small molecule (SM) adjuvants, made
possible through advancements in high-throughput screening technologies. In contrast
to
traditional adjuvants, which are often large and complex molecules (lower left), innovative
SM agonists like 2B182C for TLR4 (depicted in red on the cell surface) are prominently
featured. Additionally, PVP-057 and 1V270, which target key endosomal innate immune
receptors—the double stranded RNA sensor TLR3 (shown in blue) and the single stranded
RNA sensor TLR7 (illustrated in green), respectively—are also represented. The cover
image
was designed by Wolfgang W. Leitner and created by Lisa A. Leitner using Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_1.txt,groundtruth,45_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important
to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine
key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound
chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted
to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written
by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and
Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for
drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review
article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_3.txt,clip,34_3.txt,"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion
with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial
intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by
Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_6.txt,ave_2,40_6.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_8.png,C,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,ave_2,52_10.txt,"Keeping track of animals on the move
Animals move. Keeping track of that can help researchers answer questions across a number of scientific disciplines, but it’s a tedious task to watch and annotate hours of videos of mice and worms and zebrafish (and more!) moving about for analysis. Can software help? A new Review compares and contrasts 28 different tracking software applications for different model species to help inform what option might be the best one for the question you want to ask of your animals.
See Panadeiro et al.
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_3.txt,ave_3,50_3.txt,"Monitoring squirrel hibernation with shredded paper
Detecting torpor-bout duration in heterothermic mammals is usually invasive or inaccurate. To solve this problem, Hutchinson et al. developed a cost-effective, non-invasive method using the paper towel shredding behavior of ground squirrels to detect arousals with 100% accuracy over a long hibernation period.
See Hutchinson et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_8.txt,groundtruth,53_8.txt,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,clip,53_10.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_9.png,B,"All-perovskite tandem solar cells promise higher power conversion efficiencies than their single-junction counterparts. This outlook focuses on the main challenges and advances for perovskite absorbers and functional layers in a tandem devise, aiming to draw a roadmap for approaching highly efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_12.txt,clip,2023_12.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"A freestanding single-layer graphene acts as a trampoline that cushions proteins landing on its surface. This molecule-on-trampoline mechanism preserves the gas-phase folding of proteins on the atomic membrane, enabling the native shape of proteins to be observed one at a time by single-molecule microscopy techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,A metal-free layered organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries intercalates Li+ and stores more energy in a shorter charging time than inorganic incumbents.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_10.txt,vith,2024_10.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_18.png,D,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,vith,2025_2.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"niversal controlled-release system based on cubosome-carrying bacterial cellulose capsules with a pH-smart trigger mechanism for the oral administration of therapeutic bioactives is rationally designed. Site-specific, dual cargo-controlled release is achieved through a solubility-dependent phenomenon. Such an engineered pH-responsive microcapsule has potential for colon-targeted multidrug delivery.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2025_2.png,C,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,vith,2024_1.txt,"Polymer-protein conjugate particles with biocatalytic activity prepared by Schiff base synthesis can efficiently stabilize water-in-water emulsions. Considering the characteristics of all-aqueous, compartmental",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2017_6.txt,clip,2017_6.txt,Bicontinuously structured polymeric nanoparticles through direct self-assembly in aqueous media from doxorubicin containing redox and pH-labile prodrug that promote loading of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargoes as promising cancer drug delivery systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Single chain polymeric nanoparticles comprise a hydrophobic interior in water, resulting in the faster and more complete conversion of the more hydrophobic substrate in oxidation reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2015_3.txt,ave_3,2015_3.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,14_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_9.png,D,"Observing a smoother Arctic
As sea ice moves around it can experience deformation and form pressure ridges, which in turn can affect the atmospheric circulation and support ecosystems. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Krumpen and colleagues use airborne observations to show that the number of pressure ridges has declined in recent decades, mainly due to a loss of older ice.
See Krumpen et al. and News & Views Maksym
Image: Andreas Preusser, Alfred Wegener Institute. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/15_1.txt,ave_2,15_1.txt,"Celebrating our tenth anniversary
To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal.
See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature.
Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_9.txt,clip,11_9.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,ave_1,12_1.txt,"Losing meteorites
Most of the meteorites in today's collections have been found in Antarctica, making it a key region for planetary science. Writing in this issue, Tollenaar, Zekollari and colleagues show that surface melt due to climate change can lead to substantial portions of current meteorites sinking into the ice, leaving bare blue ice areas void of any of these precious space rocks, making them unavailable for science.
See Tollenaar  et al. and News & Views by Righter
Image: Veronica Tollenaar, Université libre de Bruxelles. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_9.txt,groundtruth,14_9.txt,train
ACS Polymers Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_6.png,A,We highlight the “rock-like” nature of our hybrid composites obtained from covalently-linked recycled polyols obtained from post-industry use polyurethane materials and inorganic aluminosilicates.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"AI for polymers. A combination of polymer fingerprinting, machine learning, rapid computational characterization of polymers, and availability of large open-sourced homogeneous data can accelerate the design and development of polymeric materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_6.txt,ave_1,2022_6.txt,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,clip,2023_5.txt,"The cover illustrates various topographical features in nanoconfined polymer thin films, arising from mechano-rheological responses, such as wrinkles, capillary leveling, particle tracking, dewetting hole growth, bubble inflation, and wetting ridges. Due to the extremely low thickness of polymer films, such unconventional characterization methods are imperative, and their efficacy has been demonstrated successfully.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_2.txt,vitg,2024_2.txt,val
Nature Mental Health,2_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_7.png,B,"Light exposure and mental health
The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention.
See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Reflecting on LGBT+ mental health
Every June, Pride is celebrated. The theme for Pride 2024 in New York City — Reflect. Empower. Unite. — sends a special message to LGBT+ and allies that in order to foster solidarity and the pursuit of equality, it is necessary to reflect on the great strides made by previous generations. Although there are powerful and somber elements, Pride is also about uplift and joy and commitment to improving LGBT+ mental health and wellbeing. With a mirror ball reflecting the many colors of the inclusive LGBT+ flag, the cover for June symbolizes reflections of diversity that are united and ready to celebrate.
Read more in our Editorial about Pride and supporting LGBT+ mental health
Image: Ponomariova_Maria / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_7.txt,groundtruth,2_7.txt,"Celebrating Pride and protecting LGBT+ mental health
Nature Mental Health celebrates Pride this month of June and echoes the call of many advocates and researchers to work together to protect LGBT+ mental health. The cover of our June issue incorporates the ‘progress Pride’ flag. In addition to the iconic rainbow, black and brown have been added to represent people of color, as well as pink, light blue and white to represent trans, gender non-binary, intersex people and those across the gender spectrum. Flowers, which have been a key symbol of gay pride, mark a path to show the constant movement forward.
See our Editorial for more on the celebration of Pride and the need to stand up and to protect LGBT+ rights and mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_7.txt,vitg,1_7.txt,"Lived experience: shifting focus
On the cover of this issue, we feature the mind and brain as a prism — refracting the simple input of white light into a resplendent and living rainbow. It serves as a metaphor to consider how mental health lived experience is complex and inhabited by an individual. For some, embracing their lived experience has become a transformative experience, prompting them to use their status as a mental health ‘expert by experience’ to inform research, advocacy and policy, ultimately, to help others.
See our Editorial for more on how shifting our focus to the value of lived experience can be transformative for the science of mental health and wellbeing.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_10.txt,vith,1_10.txt,test
ACS Energy Letters,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_2.png,A,Network analysis reveals the trends of interfacial reactivity of all-solid-state batteries and offers the guiding principles of interface design.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6);  2018, 3 (8);  2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_9.txt,vitg,2019_9.txt,"This cover work discovered that ex situ electrode properties failed to assess the effective rate capability of nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes under ultrafast cycling. Moreover, it proposed a kinetic indicator to quantitively describe ultrafast NRLOs; i.e., their better rate capability positively correlates with less in situ phase heterogeneity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_6.txt,vith,2023_6.txt,"The cover depicts magnetic couplings between redox-active transition metal centers in typical intercalation-type battery electrodes, which lead to characteristic electron spin and magnetic properties. Such properties can be probed as the battery operates using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetometry and provide insight into the crystal and electronic structure, composition, defect chemistry, and working principles of rechargeable batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_1.txt,clip,2020_1.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_8.png,C,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_1,2023_6.txt,"Aberrant aggregation of amyloid-β peptides are considered the primary cause of Alzheimer’s disease. The caffeine-armed molecular tweezer demonstrates significant effectiveness in preventing the self-aggregation of these peptides and disrupting preformed amyloid fibrils through non-covalent interactions, especially π–π stacking with aromatic amino acid residues.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"A gold-star-coated aluminum substrate-based SERS immunoassay platform for the selective detection of blood-based biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, p-Tau, and t-Tau of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SERS spectral data augmented by the machine learning technique yielded high sensitivity of the order of an attomolar concentration of the biomarkers and successfully differentiated between controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. The image was generated with the assistance of ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,60_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/60_1.png,C,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,ave_2,58_23.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,ave_1,56_2.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_1.txt,groundtruth,60_1.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,clip,21_6.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_12.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,clip,16_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this special issue is dedicated to celebrating 15 years of publication
by Molecular Plant. The representative covers published in the journal are collected and processed to
make up the Arabic number 15, which is surrounded by six covers showing different
plant species. As one of the prime journals with plant science title, Molecular Plant has served the global plant science community for 15 years by sharing exciting new
findings and cutting-edge research on diverse plant species worldwide.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_13.txt,ave_1,16_13.txt,"On The Cover The serene scene depicts a beautiful lake surrounded by green bioluminescent trees
representing Arabidopsis roots in a moonlight night. The bright moon projects the silhouette of FERONIA, the
goddess of love, fertility, and wild woods. After FERONIA perceives RALF1 peptides
released by the glittery stars escorting her, the birds (eIF4E1) transduce her prosperity
and lovely cues to deliver branches (RH gene) to the trees. Love is the spring of
everything. Image by: Feng Yu, Sirui Zhu and José Manuel Estévez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_9.txt,vith,13_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_12.txt,groundtruth,17_12.txt,train
Matter,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_7.png,A,"On the cover: The cover image of this issue of Matter by Feeney and Petry et al. illustrates the thermal evaporation process of a perovskite absorber in an industrial
setting. The image captures the formation of perovskite directly in its photoactive
cubic alpha phase, a result of kinetic trapping of initially formed crystallites as
they come into contact with exposed phosphonic acid anchoring groups on the surface.
In addition, the incorporation rate of formamidinium iodide (FAI) markedly increases
when the perovskite crystallizes in the alpha phase, enabling higher overall production
throughput. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of how surface chemistry
influences the crystallization dynamics of co-evaporated perovskite precursors, thereby
advancing the field of perovskite solar cell technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"On the Cover: For the inaugural issue of Matter, we wanted to reflect the vast scope of materials science without focusing on a particularmaterial,molecular
system, ormanuscript. Here, we explicitly depict the “launching” of Matter via an assembly of representative scale-free building blocks—theoretical components
of all materials systems—from nano to macro and fundamentals to application. Cover
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_9.png,A,"Volume 37 | Issue 4 | April
This themed edition of BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into the recruitment and retention market as it stands today. With deep-rooted problems stemming back a number of years, what does the outlook look like for the profession?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_9.txt,groundtruth,37_9.txt,"In this associate themed issue...
Associates are the lifeblood of NHS dentistry in today's climate. But is the NHS climate forcing associates to look for private work?
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_4.txt,clip,32_4.txt,"The right cover
The release of the government’s consultation on Professional Indemnity has got many corners of the profession talking. With their preferred option stated for the record, Kevin Lewis provides an insider’s view of discretionary indemnity and mutuality and what it could mean for the profession
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_8.txt,vith,32_8.txt,"In this issue...
Do you think you take fewer risks due to the environment you work in? That’s the question posed in this month’s issue. Is there an over-bearing, disjointed regulator providing a hostile environment so practitioners play it safe? Read on to find out.
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_5.txt,vitg,32_5.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_4.png,C,"Two-photon activation for synthetic optogenetics
Synthetic optogenetics provides a method to interrogate neuronal signaling. Depicted is a cultured hippocampal neuron (green) photostimulated by near-infrared light patterned by computer-generated holography (red and pattern).
See Carmi et al.
Image: Shai Berlin. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_10.txt,clip,14_10.txt,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Microfluidic system to isolate neuronal compartments
Neurons of the dorsal root ganglia grow along channels of microfluidic chambers. This enables the isolation and subsequent study of membrane protein dynamics in discrete neuronal somas (orange) and axons (blue). See Tyagi et al.
Image: Elizabeth Akin, Grant Higerd-Rusli and Sidharth Tyagi, Yale University. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_4.txt,groundtruth,19_4.txt,"Human neurons in culture
Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.
See Miura et al.
Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,vith,17_12.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.png,A,"A gold-star-coated aluminum substrate-based SERS immunoassay platform for the selective detection of blood-based biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, p-Tau, and t-Tau of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SERS spectral data augmented by the machine learning technique yielded high sensitivity of the order of an attomolar concentration of the biomarkers and successfully differentiated between controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. The image was generated with the assistance of ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,vith,2024_7.txt,10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_21.txt,clip,2020_21.txt,.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2010_12.txt,vitg,2010_12.txt,train
ACS Omega,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_1.png,D,"The cover art provided is a synthesis of the work developed. The Cry10Aa protein is shown with the 20 amino acid sequence of α-helix 3 in blue, which was used as a model sequence for the present project. From these sequences, six variants of antimicrobial peptides were generated, with emphasis on variant 5, which was demonstrated to be potent against Staphylococcus aureus",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_26.txt,vith,2024_26.txt,"This cover art illustrates the eco-friendly synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from plant-based precursors and their dual applications. Gold nanoparticles synthesized from CQDs are depicted, facilitating a transformative catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, alongside their use in vivid bacterial imaging. This visual encapsulation celebrates the fusion of green chemistry and nanotechnology, showcasing a novel stride toward environmental sustainability and biomedical advancement.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_31.txt,vitg,2024_31.txt,Cover image by Siva Kumar Krishnan and Yuri Chipatecua Godoy. This image depicts a schematic representation of three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide-Au nanostar hybrid nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2020_49.txt,clip,2020_49.txt,"Flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenases like AbeH show great potential as synthetic tools for regioselective green aryl halide production, despite suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Crystallography and ITC have determined that negative coupling between flavin and substrate binding limits turnover by preventing tryptophan from binding to AbeH as long as flavin remains bound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.png,D,"The cover graphic symbolizes the multi-year efforts of the global C-HPP consortium to generate each year a more nearly complete map of the human proteome and provide insights into the proteogenomics of human biology. Each C-HPP team seeks compelling protein-level evidence for ""missing proteins"", which is then validated with standardized bioinformatic tools and integrated into publicly-accessible knowledge bases. Artwork inspired by Jin-Young Cho and Young-Ki Paik. Background image: SHUTTERSTOCK and iStock.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2015_4.txt,clip,2015_4.txt,The cover for this special issue on clinical proteomics today depicts the flow of information in a modern healthcare setting. Image courtesy of: György A. Marko-Varga,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2011_12.txt,ave_0,2011_12.txt,Proteomic analysis of human urinary exosome was successfully achieved with chemical affinity enrichment toward the phosphatidylserine exposure on the exosomal surface by molecular imprinting. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.txt,vitg,2025_3.txt,https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_11.png,B,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,vith,21_2.txt,"Revisiting the year’s highlights, inspired by the Year-in-Review articles starting on p71.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,clip,17_12.txt,"Innovations in dialysis, inspired by the Review on p481.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_5.txt,ave_1,19_5.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/9_1.png,D,"Y chromosome diversification
The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) belongs to the Old World monkeys, which make up the largest family of primates. A comparative genomics study across 29 primates reveals that the Y chromosome exhibits highly diverse genomic features across lineages.
See Zhou et al
Image: Yong Wang. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_6.txt,vitg,7_6.txt,"Endless forms
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt,clip,3_12.txt,"Birthday biodiversity
A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year.
See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in.
Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt,ave_3,2_12.txt,"Lemur evolution
Madagascar is home to an extraordinary level of endemic biodiversity, but quantifying this is complicated by cryptic diversity among some genera such as mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus). Van Elst et al. shed light on this by presenting a generalizable, integrative framework to characterize the species diversity of this taxonomically controversial genus, demonstrating that it has been overestimated. The photograph depicts Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae), which may recently have gone extinct, in Menabe Central Forest in Madagascar. In a second paper in this issue, Orkin et al. analyse genome-wide resequencing data from 50 species of lemurs, revealing high levels of genomic diversity and demographic declines consistent with the historic timing of human expansion across the island.
See Tobias van Elst et al. and Joseph D. Orkin et al.
Image: Nick Garbutt. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_12.png,A,Artistic representation of crystals ranging in size and morphology as they are being dissolved into a stream of flowing fluid. The image was created with the help of the DALL,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,"The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_3.txt,clip,2019_3.txt,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,vitg,2019_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_2.png,A,"The depolymerization of lignin is represented by a wooden block at the centre of the image surrounded by the products of breakdown and catalysts that have been applied in this important biomass valorization reaction. Lignin is a heterogeneous aromatic macromolecule found in the cell walls of plants. Its conversion to useful monomers is considered key to a transition away from fossil fuel feedstocks. Although there has been much research into C-O cleavage, commercial use of a far greater proportion of available lignin requires cleavage of C-C bonds, which has proven particularly challenging both to develop and to quantify, see Palumbo et al.
Image: Rita Clare; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Discovery and design of new therapeutics require understanding of processes across different spatiotemporal scales. The development of multiscale simulation techniques enables us to simultaneously study drug mechanism of action at both atomic and cellular level. The cover image is a representative example of a quantum mechanics&ndash;molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model of an enzyme&ndash;drug complex (data from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (21), pp 8001&ndash;8015).
Image: Adrian Mulholland, Pek IeongDesign: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_9.txt,vith,2_9.txt,"The availability of synthetic DNA is outstripped by its growing number of uses. With applications in engineering biology, therapy, data storage and nanotechnology, the demand for synthetic DNA is increasing. New technologies have been developed and commercialised to meet this need. By analogy to the advances in word processing, this cover image represents how technological advances can improve the efficiency and scale of DNA syntheses. See Hoose et al.
Image: Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_10.txt,clip,7_10.txt,"Autocatalytic lipids — that form assemblies capable of catalysing their own formation — are fascinating chemicals that display a variety of extraordinary behaviour up to and including the emulation of processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis, that are associated with living systems. The cover illustrates this with the gradual appearance from top left of ever more complex assemblies eventually leading to larger assemblies that are beginning to divide. See Howlett & Fletcher
Image: Carl Conway & Philip Patenall Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_3.txt,vitg,7_3.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_7.png,A,Aminosterols entry pathway into a neuron-like lipid bilayer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,vith,2020_8.txt,"This work presents a novel automatic machine learning-based manifold learning approach to discover essential transition components with kinetic properties. The circuit in the cover story represents neurons transmitting kinetic information from high-dimensional space into the protein structure of interest. The conformational space of the peptide (shown as sticks) is explored comprehensively in the protein pocket with shape complementarity considered. The lower curves with starring points indicate the long-lasting conformations, which can be used to guide subsequent drug design and lead optimization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.txt,vitg,2024_14.txt,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,val
Nature Plants,10_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_4.png,B,"Wall planner
Xa4 is a widely exploited and lasting disease resistance gene in rice breeding. It encodes a cell wall-associated kinase that slightly reduces plant height by partially preventing culm cell elongation.
See Nature Plants 3, 17009 (2017).
Image: S. Wang            Cover Design: L. Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/3_10.txt,clip,3_10.txt,"Single-cell sequencing in seeds
Seed germination is controlled by the dynamic modulation of gene expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing can identify the gene regulatory networks that are specific to different cell types and states. In the image, different false colours indicate nuclei with distinct gene expression profiles in a germinating seed.
See Liew, L.C. et al.
Image: Lucas Auroux & Lim Chee Liew, La Trobe University, Australia. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_4.txt,groundtruth,10_4.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,"Inequalities of parental responsibility
Maternal and paternal genomes contribute equally to the transcriptome of embryos during the early stages of their development. However, as the developing plant differentiates, the contributions from the parental alleles begin to vary with cell type.
See Zhao, P. et al.
Image: P. Zhao, X. Zhou, Y. Zheng, Y. Ren and M-X. Sun. Cover design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_2.txt,ave_2,6_2.txt,test
Nature Synthesis,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_11.png,B,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,clip,2_7.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"Carbon nanobelts with a twist
Fully-fused Möbius carbon nanobelts are synthesized using a bottom-up approach in which the aromatic carbon chain is formed by sequential Wittig reactions. This synthesis may pave the way for the development of nanocarbon materials with complex topological structures.
See Segawa et al.
Image: Issey Takahashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,test
Nature Sustainability,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_6.png,A,"Urban expansion and local food in Africa
Rapid urbanization affects both local food and ecological systems in Africa. De Vos and colleagues integrate the effects of land-use displacement and dietary shifts associated with urbanization in scenarios of food demand to study the impact of urban expansion on the African environment.
See De Vos et al.
Image: Arnold Mugasha/Shot by mu. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,"Integrating livestock and wildlife
Globally, most wildlife live outside of protected areas, creating potential conflicts. Keesing et al. assess tradeoffs between management for wildlife and for livestock in an East African savannah (pictured), finding potential benefits from integrating the two.
See Keesing et al
Image: Felicia Keesing, Bard College. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_3.txt,vitg,1_3.txt,"Tropical forest carbon loss
Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss.
See Feng et al.
Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_8.txt,clip,5_8.txt,"Human activity and landslide risk in Africa
Population pressure and land-use change affect landslide risk. Depicker and colleagues analyse the impact of population dynamics, conflicts and deforestation on landslide risk in the Kivu Rift region (pictured), Eastern Africa.
See Depickeret al.
Image: Dr. Olivier Dewitte, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_2.txt,vith,4_2.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_12.png,D,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,vitg,2020_6.txt,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,vith,2022_5.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,clip,2022_2.txt,"Molecular dynamics simulations unveil cisplatin delivery by carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in breast cancer cells. CNH cellular intake was kinetically sluggish; however, it might enhance the retention effect, improving the bioavailability of cisplatin in the tumor cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_1.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Windt, Nielsen, and Thompson examine the widespread assumption that consciousness
is absent during deep, dreamless sleep. They present evidence suggesting that conscious
experience may persist in dreamless sleep and lay out key questions for future empirical
inquiry. Cover image from iStockphoto/Natalia Moroz. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_1.txt,vitg,20_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Samaha and colleagues review the mechanisms
by which rhythmic fluctuations in brain activity prior to the onset of a stimulus
alter one's perception of that stimulus. The authors conclude that the amplitude of
low-frequency oscillations can bias conscious perception without changing the veridicality
of one's perceptual decision. The cover image depicts an observer wearing EEG electrodes
with wavy, ""oscillating"" hair, viewing a commonlyused ""grating"" stimulus, thereby
depicting key concepts from the paper. Cover design by Elda Broglio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/24_5.txt,vith,24_5.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Decety and Yoder describe emerging findings on the cognitive and neuroscientific
underpinnings of justice motivation. Cover image from iStockphoto/tomloel. Cover design
by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"Is a cognitive science of dreaming possible? In this issue of Trends in Cognitive
   Sciences, Remington Mallett and colleagues address the historical barriers and recent
advancements in dream research, focusing on the challenges of objective observation
and
the limitations of retrospective recall. The authors highlight innovative methodologies,
such as
content decoding and real-time reporting, that enhance our understanding of dream
content
and its neural correlates. They also examine the potential of dream engineering techniques
to manipulate dream experiences for therapeutic and experimental purposes. By promoting
interdisciplinary approaches, this work sets the stage for a new era in dream science.
Cover art by Carmen Mancuso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_1.txt,groundtruth,28_1.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_24.png,A,"Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels with varying degrees of crosslinking, including ultra-low self-crosslinking, were systematically investigated using a combination of light and X-ray scattering techniques, supported by numerical simulations, across their volume phase transition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_6.png,B,"‘aiR-loops’, inspired by the Review on p521.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_5.txt,clip,23_5.txt,"‘Somitogenesis and segment determination, from head to tail’, inspired by the Review on p517
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"‘Directed migration’, inspired by the Review on p529
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_5.txt,vitg,22_5.txt,"‘Nuclear compartments’, inspired by the Review on p653
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_3.txt,ave_2,22_3.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_1.png,B,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"The molecular origin of the glassy dynamics associated with the gas-barrier properties, the crystallization kinetics, and the phase behavior of poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF) are explored by employing pressure in addition to temperature.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,val
Environment & Health,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_2.png,A,"Prenatal exposure to F-53B exerts detrimental effects on synaptic development in fetal mice. F-53B could bind with the protein of PKA and CREB1 in hippocampal neurons of mice which prevents PKA translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, and further inhibits the phosphorylation of nuclear CREB.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This image shows that two routes (IVI and INI) of silica nanoparticle exposure resulted in different outcomes of brain damage. The Baidu Wenxin Yige platform was used to improve the cover image, drawn using SAI software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_11.txt,vith,2024_11.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,val
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_4.png,C,"Autocatalytic lipids — that form assemblies capable of catalysing their own formation — are fascinating chemicals that display a variety of extraordinary behaviour up to and including the emulation of processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis, that are associated with living systems. The cover illustrates this with the gradual appearance from top left of ever more complex assemblies eventually leading to larger assemblies that are beginning to divide. See Howlett & Fletcher
Image: Carl Conway & Philip Patenall Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_3.txt,vith,7_3.txt,"Single cluster catalysts (SCCs) bridge the gap between heterogeneous single atom catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts. They are typically less than 1 nm in size and comprise 2–20 atoms of one or more elements. The properties of SCCs can be finely tuned by controlling the composition or by inclusion of linkers and ligands. The cover image illustrates a variety of atomically precise SCCs with different heteroatoms anchored on a support. See Li et al.
Image: Jiong Lu Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_2.txt,vitg,7_2.txt,"The question of how life began has intrigued people for many years. While we may never know the answer, several research avenues exist – each with their own theories and starting conditions. Common grounds between different theories do exist, such as the need for membranes forming compartment used to contain and protect the crucial ingredients of life. How these compartments were formed is also heavily debated. It is possible that simple amphiphiles — synthesised in dense molecular clouds of the interstellar medium — were deposited on early Earth via meteors and comets before eventually self-assembling into membranes and the phospholipid bilayers as we know them today. See Bocková et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"Gene delivery vehicles capture and protect nucleic acid cargoes, deliver them to cells and tissues, and are important for biological research as well as the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Chemistry has a key role in developing innovative synthetic materials for next-generation gene therapies to safely and efficaciously deliver nucleic acids to target sites in vivo. See Montenegro et al. Montenegro
Cover: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_3.txt,clip,2_3.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_12.png,B,"Functionalization by transfer
Functionalization of C(sp 3)–H bonds via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is typically photo- or electrochemically induced, is a key transformation in the synthesis of complex molecules. This Focus issue overviews technological, catalytic and method-based innovations that have enabled this field to develop.
The cover image is from a Perspective describing how HAT catalysis facilitates acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling between two C–H bonds.
See Ohmatsu and Ooi
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_10.txt,ave_2,2_10.txt,"MOFs made to order
The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents.
See Barsukova et al.
Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_12.txt,groundtruth,3_12.txt,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,clip,4_1.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,vitg,3_11.txt,val
Immunity,57_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_8.png,A,"On the cover: Immune systems exhibit marked differences at baseline in the human population.
In this issue, Mulè et al. introduce the concept of a “naturally adjuvanted” baseline immune setpoint. The authors
use a statistical framework for integrating human population and single-cell variations
in response to influenza vaccines and find that at baseline—before vaccination—innate
immune cell subsets in high responders to an unadjuvanted vaccine phenocopy cell states
uniquely induced by vaccines formulated with the adjuvant AS03. The state of individual
immune systems is illustrated as leaves. Past encounters with caterpillars shape each
leaf, akin to how past exposures and environmental inputs shape immune systems. Amidst
these variations, vividly colored leaves represent individuals who exhibit a shared
naturally adjuvanted immune setpoint, whereas grey leaves represent those less poised
to respond. Artwork by Sarah Hopkins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_8.txt,groundtruth,57_8.txt,"On the cover: The bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells are not simply
for survival of the cells, but rather, they also fuel critical differentiation processes
and effector functions. In this issue of Immunity, we present four review articles that discuss the current understanding of how cellular
metabolism impacts the immune cells. Olhenchock, Rathmell, and Vanderheiden (703–713)
explain the biochemical mechanisms that underlie how metabolism is adapted to meet
the energetic and redox demands of immune cell populations. Many chromatin- and DNA-modifying
enzymes make use of substrates and cofactors that are intermediates of metabolic pathways.
Glass, Phan, and Goldrath (714–729) examine how metabolic activity can integrate environmental
signals with activation-induced gene-expression programs through the modulation of
the epigenome and discuss how this integration could lead to context-specific responses.
Pearce and Russell (730–742) discuss the role of the mTOR pathway as a metabolic sensor
in the tissue microenvironment, how mTOR signaling impacts the differentiation and
function of tissue-resident immune cells, and the impact of metabolic constrains in
tissues on immune homeostasis and disease. Rickert and Boothby (743–755) discuss recent
evidence for the importance of different niches in the development and function of
B cells, highlighting the role of the nutrients and metabolic by products that distinguish
these sites. The image on the cover aims to capture the impact of metabolic changes
in the cellular function and form: the energy, as represented by light, and the change,
represented by different colors. Image by Maxiphoto (istockphoto.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/46_2.txt,ave_2,46_2.txt,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,vitg,57_9.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/33_2.png,D,"On the Cover: To mark the 20th anniversary of ASGCT and to celebrate the 20th annual meeting, society founder and gene therapy pioneer George Stamatoyannopoulus
recruited a group of leaders who have contributed to landmark developments and clinical
translation of the field to author a series of review articles highlighting these
advances; these reviews are featured in this issue of Molecular Therapy. Although it is impossible to encompass every advance or every subfield falling under
the ASGCT and Molecular Therapy umbrella, we hope this set of reviews will set the benchmark for where we are now
and set the stage for an even brighter future, serving as an inspiration for new investigators
entering our field. Cover credit: iStock.com/cosmin4000.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_8.txt,clip,25_8.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,vitg,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,ave_2,26_4.txt,"On the cover: Chen et al. demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) exacerbates renal inflammation in diabetic
kidney disease via a Smad3-NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway. The image depicts
CRP binding to its receptor and triggering signaling to activate Smad3 in the cytoplasm.
Phosphorylated Smad3 translocates into the nucleus with other Smads. Following this,
Smad3 interacts with the promoter region of NLRP3, initiating NLRP3 expression. Image
credit: Haiyong Chen and Yifan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,val
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_7.png,C,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,vith,45_3.txt,Challenges and opportunities for network pharmacology-based research on traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19. See the article in pages 845–847.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_7.txt,clip,42_7.txt,"Cover Credit: In this cover article, Zhou et al. constructed a novel mechanistic quantitative systems pharmacology model describing the underlying pathophysiological processes of HER2+BC, from ligand-receptor binding to downstream signaling and finally to tumor growth, while incorporating the distinct modalities and mechanisms of various state-of-the-art therapeutics. A large variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental data was used during model calibration and validation, achieving a quantitative and accurate description of cellular signaling, time-response, dose-response, and tumor growth kinetics. In a high-throughput manner, this multiscale QSP model platform enabled researchers to probe into the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies at the preclinical level, generate new hypothesis regarding best treatment combinations to overcome resistance, and suggested important directions for future translational drug research and model-informed drug development. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01232-9. See the article in pages 1287–1304",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_7.txt,groundtruth,45_7.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.png,B,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,vitg,2024_11.txt,"This study determined the efficacy of  carotenes in modulating molecular targets in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced AMD in vitro model. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a panel of 17 human cancer cells and non-cancerous human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were treated with carotenes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carotenes in modulating oxidative stress, and its underlying molecular targets were also studied using bioinformatic analyses through reactome pathway analysis and targeted cell-based reporter assays.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,vith,2022_2.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_9.png,B,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,ave_1,57_15.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts “Auto-Pack” (Autophagosome-Packman, in yellow) engulfing
misfolded proteins (in red) from the labyrinth of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through
a process known as ER-phagy (autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum). To learn more
about how ER-phagy is activated in response to protein misfolding, see De Leonibus et al. Image credit: Gennaro Di Bonito, Marianna Maddaluno, and Chiara De Leonibus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_9.txt,groundtruth,59_9.txt,"On the cover: An artistic depiction of the elimination of transposable elements that
occurs during development of the somatic genome in the ciliated unicellular organism
Paramecium. To learn more about the role of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in the repression
of transposable elements, see Miró-Pina et al. on pp. 1037–1052. Cover illustration
drawn by Eve Charmant inspired by the artist Jean Cocteau.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_17.txt,clip,57_17.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.png,B,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,vitg,17_12.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"The balancing act of regulatory T cells, inspired by the Review on p544.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_4.txt,clip,19_4.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_1.txt,vith,21_1.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_9.png,D,"Cell biological research is becoming increasingly three dimensional, taking into account
spatial dynamics when studying biological questions. In this special issue of Trends
in Cell Biology, researchers from across various fields discuss how the inner architecture
of the cell, and the external environment that surrounds it, impacts upon cell function.
The cover image, Z-stack projections of a mouse mammary organoid grown in Matrigel
3D cultures, provides a striking example of how considering three-dimensional structure
can offer insight into behaviour. Cover image courtesy of Ian Macara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_1.txt,vith,21_1.txt,"For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely,
forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and
expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the
inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by
Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_8.txt,vitg,26_8.txt,"In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight
into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by
Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight
some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic
and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via
an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover
is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings
of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_1.txt,clip,22_1.txt,"Cell-cell interactions are integral to countless biological processes in the
human body, and artificial control of these interactions would enable advances in
basic
research and therapeutic engineering. Researchers have previously overexpressed
endogenous membrane proteins to induce affinity, which tends to have cross-affinity
and trigger unintended signaling. Several engineered methods, from chemical-based
to peptide-based methods, have recently become available to program intercellular
interactions. On pages 277–287 in this issue, Chao et al., the creators of helixCAM,
discuss where the state of the art is for this growing field, along with key areas
of
development. Additionally, they present potential use cases across developmental
biology, immunology, and neuroscience to encourage scientists to experiment with
and incorporate the ability to control cell-cell interactions into constructing their
model systems.Cover design by Kathryn Kamowski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.png,B,"COVER: inspired by the Perspective on p447.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_6.txt,vith,23_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p698.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p203
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_9.txt,clip,22_9.txt,"Cell-mates' by Patrick Morgan, inspired by the Review on p744.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/17_1.txt,vitg,17_1.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/11_1.png,D,"Science benefits from embracing diversity and inclusion. The scientific
community is beginning to bring more attention to this issue, but more work is needed.
As Trends in Cancer celebrates its fifth anniversary, we pledge to amplify the diversity of
voices in our pages – showcasing scientists with diverse gender, geography, ethnicities,
and career-stage perspectives. Cover design by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_5.txt,vith,6_5.txt,"We invite readers to explore the newest addition to the Trends collection Trends in Cancer, which aims to cover a range of topics in cancer research including the latest developments
in basic, translational and clinical sciences, pharma R&D, technology, ethics, and
policy. The inaugural issue of Trends in Cancer tackles the big questions in cancer research today by leading researchers in the
field. The cover depicts an image of a crab or cancer in Latin. The name cancer comes from early observations by Greek physician Hippocrates
of finger-like projections emanating from the diseased mass, calling to mind the shape
of a crab (carcinos in Greek, and later, cancer in Latin). The concept was developed by Danielle Loughlin and Kip Lyall, and the
image was designed by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_4.txt,clip,1_4.txt,"Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic
vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology
in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian
fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt,vitg,2_5.txt,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_3.png,D,"Scientific progress depends on the quality of scientific concepts that reflect researchers'
understanding of their phenomena -- be it the periodic table of elements for chemistry
or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Marina Dubova & Robert L. Goldstone explore how scientific concepts influence measurement,
experimentation, theorizing, and communication in science, as well as the studied
phenomena themselves. The cover shows a scientist using a triangular mold to decompose
their world, leading to difficulties for the scientist who receives that decomposition
when trying to provide a coherent reconstruction of that world. This exemplifies challenges
for science when trying to develop new, improved scientific concepts by using data
shaped by the original concepts. A third scientist, an allegory for progressive improvement
in scientific concepts, suggests a potentially better, curved mold for breaking down
the world. Cover art by Joe Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_6.txt,vitg,27_6.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Núñez critically evaluates the idea that humans have an evolved capacity to represent
number and perform arithmetic. He marshals evidence from non-industrialized nations
and calls for a clearer distinction in the field between quantical and numerical cognition.
Nieder and Núñez exchange letters further debating these ideas. Cover image from iStockphoto/Mike_Kiev.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_7.txt,vith,21_7.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"Math anxiety is a significant predictor of math achievement, with a negative
impact comparable to early numerical abilities and socioeconomic status. In this issue
of
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Lau and colleagues explore the relationship between math
anxiety and math achievement, evaluating key theories such as Reduced Competency
Theory and Processing Efficiency Theory. They propose a novel avoidance theory,
suggesting that math anxiety leads to avoidance behaviors like reduced perseverance
and engagement in math, ultimately affecting math achievement. Cover art from
/Fanatic Studio/Gary Waters/Science Photo Library/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_3.txt,groundtruth,28_3.txt,val
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_10.png,C,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,vith,2024_1.txt,"Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt,ave_1,2023_11.txt,"Deep eutectic solvent/surfactant functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated graphene oxide (GO) can be a sensitive, ultrafast (within 3 min), and sustainable adsorbent for the complete removal of hazardous textile dye from industrial effluent.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,train
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_2.png,D,"In this issue:
This themed issue of Evidence Based Dentistry explores the evidence underpinning our attempts to help people quit smoking. In particular it examines the role of vaping and its effects on both dental treatment and on the oral cavity.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_1.txt,clip,24_1.txt,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,ave_2,24_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,vitg,25_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue covers an eclectic mix of evidence which highlights the enormous depth and diversity of knowledge and skill that it takes to be a practising dentist.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_11.png,D,"On pages 1177–1188, Sally Keith and colleagues introduce the new field of “macrobehaviour”.
This field integrates behavioural ecology and macroecology to provide new insight
into both fields, and has particular relevance for understanding ecological responses
to rapid environmental change. Coral reefs occur throughout the tropics and show clear
geographic patterns in species diversity. As such, reef fish, such as the threespot
damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus), pictured here, offer an ideal system in which to study macrobehaviour. Cover credit:
Umeed Mistry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_1.txt,clip,38_1.txt,"‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously
inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss
the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive
radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics
of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided
evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt,vitg,38_12.txt,"Cancer affects the majority of metazoan species but is rarely considered as an ecosystem
process beyond being a source of mortality. On pp. 628–635 of this issue, Marion Vittecoq,
Frédéric Thomas and colleagues provide a new perspective on the ecological and evolutionary
significance of cancer in wildlife. (Cover image from an original painting by Frédéric
Thomas.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/28_2.txt,vith,28_2.txt,"Organisms can gain information about other individuals through
visual signals. These signals often involve patches of colour that are viewed against
a background that can be another part of the same animal or an environmental
background, both demonstrated by the chromodorid nudibranch depicted here. On
pages 188–198, Eleanor Caves and colleagues argue that how a colour signal is
perceived is highly dependent on its background. As such, to understand the function
and evolution of colour signals, the signal must be considered in conjunction with
the
background as a 'multicomponent' signal. Photo credit: Jordan Casey.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_11.txt,groundtruth,39_11.txt,test
Chemistry of Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_1.png,B,"Organometal halide perovskites have emerged as an important new class of materials for photovoltaics. The materials exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties and can be easily formed by solution-based processes. The cover illustrates the self-assembly of low-dimensional structures into bulk materials. This Article explores the phase and processing space for formation of methylammonium lead iodide perovskites. Image designed by Alexander Tokarev (Scientific Illustrations). For more information, see “Impact of Processing Temperature and Composition on the Formation of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites” by Zhaoning Song, Suneth C. Watthage, Adam B. Phillips, Brandon L. Tompkins, Randy J. Ellingson, and Michael J. Heben* (Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 4612–4619).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2015_12.txt,vith,2015_12.txt,"A new cluster compound of RuSn6In6O16 crystallizes as orange crystals with Ru2+ and Sn2+ in the RuSn6 cluster, while the oxide layer is occupied by In3+. Despite the orange color of the crystals, the compound exhibits blue emission with a significant blue shift from its expected orange fluorescence.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"(Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 55-60). Cover art by Hyun Joo Lee.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2008_23.txt,clip,2008_23.txt,"The drive to produce materials for energy management devices that can withstand large and repeated strains/stresses calls for mechanically lightweight robust electrodes and current collectors. In this Perspective, Vilatela and Marcilla explore the use of fibers of carbon nanotubes as ideal current collectors/active material for light-weight, tough energy management devices. The image on the cover shows an electron micrograph of an array of long, aligned CNTs and a scheme of a supercapacitor with fiber electrodes. For more information, see “Tough Electrodes: Carbon Nanotube Fibers as the Ultimate Current Collectors/Active Material for Energy Management Devices” by Juan J. Vilatela* and Rebeca Marcilla (Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 6901–6917).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2015_5.txt,vitg,2015_5.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_11.png,C,"Enhancer regions and promoter regions communicate to control regulated gene expression.
Often these two regions are quite distant from each other on the chromosome. On pages
801–814 in this issue, Zabidi and Stark discuss how enhancers and promoters communicate
with each other via transcription factors and cofactors to control regulated gene
expression. The cover image shows an enhancer region communicating with a promoter.
Smiley face, phone and communication signal images courtesy of istockphoto/tittos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_1.txt,clip,32_1.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,ave_0,31_7.txt,"By virtue of their ability to scan and target partial DNA binding motifs on
nucleosomes in chromatin, pioneer transcription factors can act as master regulators
of
development. On pp. 134–148, Amandine Barral and Ken Zaret describe how pioneer
factors guide cell fate transitions during development. They discuss the structural
and
functional characteristics of pioneer factors that allow them to bind and initiate
opening
of silent chromatin and the consequences for chromatin dynamics and gene expression.
Illustration by Amandine Barral.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_11.txt,groundtruth,40_11.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles
this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods
to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about
mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_4.txt,vitg,29_4.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.png,C,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,vitg,2_3.txt,"The Lands and Seas of the Planet Heart
Koenig et al. present a comprehensive cellular atlas of healthy and failing human hearts, based on single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cardiac biopsies from 45 individuals.
See Koenig et al.
Image: Andrew Koenig. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Macrophages improve the function of engineered cardiac microtissue
Hamidzada et al. show that after integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages into human cardiac microtissue, they adopt the resident fate and improve microtissue function by ingesting stressed cardiomyocytes or their cargo by efferocytosis.
See Hamidzada et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.txt,groundtruth,3_8.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,vith,3_7.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_17.png,A,Bottlebrush polymers with helical and nonhelical sidechains (tuned by the monomer chirality) impact the backbone breadth in solution and the rate of mechanochemistry. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,°,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2009_8.txt,vitg,2009_8.txt,"Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt,clip,2017_21.txt,"Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt,vith,2018_16.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_6.png,C,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,"Absorption and photorelease of specific organic substances from aqueous environments using tailored Q-silsesquioxane-azobenzene hybrid sponges. The image was generated through Adobe Photoshop (v 25.12) Generative AI, and the molecular structures were manually created using Avagadro (v 1.2.0).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,vith,2024_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_2.png,A,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,"Protein degraders enter the clinic, inspired by the Review on p265.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_9.txt,vitg,20_9.txt,"Clonal heterogeneity in multiple myeloma requires effective therapies, a topic discussed in the Review on p71.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_11.txt,clip,18_11.txt,"Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_3.txt,vith,18_3.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_12.png,A,"The PREMISE database of Macaca Fascicularis PET/MRI brain imaging
Nonhuman primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing and extremely promising area of neuroscience research that suffers from a lack of data. Neuroimaging database sharing can accelerate research in this field, while limiting the number of animals used. A new Article presents The PREMISE database, a PET/MR dataset of Macaca Fascicularis brain images structured according to BIDS standards and available for researchers.
See Becker et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_12.txt,groundtruth,53_12.txt,"Bringing MRI datasets together
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that can help bridge neuroscience research in nonhuman primates with the humans they are intended to model. But, studies with such animals tend to involve small numbers of subjects, and the task of adapting human equipment and tools to nonhuman primates means labs are often coming up with their own solutions to collecting and analyzing MRI data. Data sharing may help researchers make the most of those animals. With discussions about standards and tool building ongoing, a growing number of labs in the nonhuman primate research community are working to bring their MRI datasets together.
See Neff
Image: Katja Heuer & Roberto Toro. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_7.txt,vith,49_7.txt,"Creating cancer avatars
Depicted on the cover this month are 24 h post-injection zebrafish embryos (72 h post-fertilization) engrafted with PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Zebrafish bearing human cancer cells and fruit flies mirroring the mutation profiles of particular cancer patients may be poised to form ‘avatar armies:’ large numbers of personalized models that could be used to test how an individual’s cancer may progress and respond to treatment.
See Neff
Image: Graham Dellaire, Dalhousie University. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_8.txt,vitg,49_8.txt,"50 years of Lab Animal
We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years!
See Editorial
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_2.txt,clip,50_2.txt,val
ACS Central Science,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2025_2.png,C,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,clip,2025_1.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,ave_3,2024_9.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_1.png,C,"Two articles, by Prinjha and colleagues on pages 29–45 and by Lugli, Youngblood et al. on pages 17–28, provide perspectives on T cell differentiation and memory. The articles
explore the potential of epigenetically and selectively modifying T cell memory and
hybrid states for therapeutic gain. Cover illustration: istock. Cover design by Catarina
Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_14.txt,vith,41_14.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,clip,37_3.txt,"On pages 971–986, Jorfi, Tanzi, and colleagues discuss the role peripheral
immune cells play in contributing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, and recent
approaches for studying neuroimmune interactions. The illustration depicts a human
brain where half includes forget-me-not flowers (symbols of AD) that are floating
away.
Therapeutically targeting peripheral immune cells might contribute to ameliorating
AD
and preserving memory. The artist wanted to suggest that the person facing the bright
light looks at a hopeful.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_1.txt,groundtruth,45_1.txt,"Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from
the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special
Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis,
and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence
micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple
sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly
of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated
in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments
for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt,vitg,36_3.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_9.png,D,"Two catalysts in synergy
The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.
See Rui et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,"Artificial biocatalytic systems
Biocatalysis is an enabling technology for a more sustainable future. This Insight provides an overview of engineering enzymes and microbes, as well as methods for interfacing them with abiological materials to improve their performance and range of applications.
The cover comes from an Article by Julia Sanz-Aparicio, Víctor Guallar, Manuel Ferrer and co-workers on engineering enzyme scaffolds with two active sites to synergistically combine biological and new-to-nature chemical transformations.
See Alonso et al.
Image: Julia Sanz-Aparicio (CSIC). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,ave_1,7_6.txt,"Decarboxylating malonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA carboxylation is the canonical route for endogenous malonyl-CoA formation in cells. Now, Li et al. report a non-carboxylative malonyl-CoA pathway, independent of acetyl-CoA. This enables the biosynthesis of multiple malonyl-CoA-derived natural products, also in multiple cellular hosts.
See Li et al.
Image: Jian Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.png,A,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the cover: This issue marks the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe. In celebration, we feature Commentaries from the authors of 10 seminal papers published
in the journal this past decade. In these Commentaries, the authors recount the events
and thinking behind the paper and reflect on the progress since its publication. For
details, see the Editorial by Goyal (pp. 269). Artwork by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,vitg,32_9.txt,"On the cover: Since its identification in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has circulated
the globe and continues to adapt to its human host. In response, our immune system
presents an arsenal of defense strategies, which can be bolstered by vaccine (re-)enforcements.
In this Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe, we present a series of articles that highlight this host-virus interplay, depicted
on the cover as an abstract portrayal of how the host (magenta) and virus (blue) continuously
interact. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is reviewed by Lowery et al. (1052–1062),
while the adaptive responses are addressed by Röltgen and Boyd (1063–1075) and Grifoni
et al. (1076–1092), with Tauzin et al. (1137–1150) and Motozono et al. (1124–1136)
reporting how a single vaccine dose and key residue changes in emerging variants impact
adaptive immunity, respectively. Wang and colleagues (1043–1047) discuss how overactive
immune responses can have lasting consequences, and Bogunovic and Merad (1040–1042)
comment on SARS-CoV-2 in children; Montefiori and Acharya (1162) provide a SnapShot
of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of therapeutic interest, and Case et al. (1151–1161) report
on the therapeutic efficacy of miniproteins. Decades of work in HIV have been critical
for our rapid response to SARS-CoV-2, as discussed by Fischer et al. (1093–1110),
who compare these two pandemic viruses. Strategies that enabled the rapid development
and distribution of vaccines along with challenges ahead are reviewed by Subbarao
(1111–1123), while Schaeffer et al. (1048–1051) discuss the prospect of herd immunity
and Bhadelia (1036–1039) highlights the need to curb global inequalities in vaccine
distribution. Cover illustration by Julie Ho Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_6.txt,clip,29_6.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.png,D,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_1,1_5.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,train
Nature Protocols,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/20_2.png,B,"High spatial resolution imaging of biological tissues using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI).
This protocol enables sensitive and quantitative imaging of lipids and metabolites in tissue sections with high throughput and spatial resolution. Hundreds of high-quality ion images were obtained from a single uterine section with a resolution of better than 10 µm.
See Yin et al.
Image: Julia Laskin. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_1.txt,vith,14_1.txt,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Human neurons in culture
Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.
See Miura et al.
Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,clip,17_12.txt,"Nervous heart.
The cover shows 3D FLASH immunofluorescence staining of nerves (tyrosine hydroxylase) and extracellular matrix (collagen IV) of a whole murine heart.
See Messal et al.
Image: Axel Behrens. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_12.txt,ave_2,16_12.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_8.png,A,"Chimpanzee social learning
Is know-how copying a uniquely human capacity? Van Leeuwen and colleagues demonstrate that chimpanzees use social learning to acquire a skill that they failed to innovate, which suggests that chimpanzees — like humans — use know-how copying to expand their skill set.
See Van Leeuwen et al.
Image: Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage and Clara Dubois. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Chimpanzee complex culture
Complex culture isn’t uniquely human. By sampling 39 chimpanzee populations across the African continent, Boesch et al. find that chimpanzees possess a highly diverse culture of termite fishing that differs strongly among groups. Individuals copy group-specific techniques and their combinations with high conformity to maintain a unique group culture.
See Boesch et al.
See also News & Views by Koops
Cover image: Minden Pictures / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_4.txt,clip,4_4.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,vith,6_12.txt,"Human behaviour and COVID-19
Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt,vitg,4_8.txt,train
Chemistry of Materials,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_4.png,D,"oxychalcogenide (Cu2S2)(Sr3Sc2O5), a promising p",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2010_20.txt,clip,2010_20.txt,"anion that perplexed the chemistry community for more than a hundred years. By combining high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis with comprehensive characterization methods guided by first-principles theory, cesium pentazolate salt containing N5",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2017_23.txt,vith,2017_23.txt,",",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2013_12.txt,vitg,2013_12.txt,"The cover art visually captures the fusion of nanomaterials with mitochondria targeting, imaging, and image-guided treatment. The mitochondria are targeted by floating molecules, such as rhodamine and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
Neuron,113_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_1.png,C,"On the cover: A depiction of interneurons as gears in a watch movement—brass wheels
representing their dendrites, and nickel their axons. On the left is a bistratified
cell, and in the center is an O-LM cell. The bridge running left to right represents
stratum pyramidale. A pyramidal neuron takes the role of pallet lever (brass, top
right), receiving oscillatory input from the impulse pin to its apical tuft. Instead
of a balance wheel, this oscillatory input comes from the movement of the interneuron
gears. The output of the pyramidal neuron is the accurate timing of the movement of
the pallet wheel (nickel, bottom right corner), representing the cell’s axon. In this
issue, Katona et al. (pages 872–886) describe the temporal specialization of distinct
hippocampal GABAergic interneurons (in the neuronal machine).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/82_3.txt,clip,82_3.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_4.txt,vitg,113_4.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_1.txt,groundtruth,113_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Neuron, Safaiyan et al. (pages 1100–1117) identify white-matter-associated microglia (WAMs),
which form in a TREM2-dependent but APOE-independent manner in aging white matter,
where they form nodules that are engaged in phagocytosing damaged myelin. Inside WAMs,
these damaged myelin visualized as membranous whorls. Istanbul-based artist Garip
Ay created the image using a paper marbling technique—or more specifically, the Turkish
method called “ebru” recreated these membranous whorls on water.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/109_18.txt,ave_2,109_18.txt,test
Cancer Cell,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_3.png,C,"On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439)
dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their
cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different
clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated
using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_2.txt,vith,40_2.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_3.png,C,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays
in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter
the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage.
The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might
just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover
image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt,vitg,19_6.txt,"On pages 376–382, Yves Dufrêne examines the forces that drive cell adhesion and biofilm
formation as well as how atomic force microscopy is increasingly used to measure these
forces. The cover features an atomic force microscopy image of a flagellated Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium on a surface. Image courtesy Annika Gillis, Vincent Dupres, Jacques Mahillon,
and Yves Dufrêne.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/23_7.txt,clip,23_7.txt,"Pathogenic Cryptococcus species are frequently isolated from diverse
environments worldwide. These human opportunistic pathogens are often associated
with bird excreta and plant material. Given the complexity of the Cryptococcus ecology,
in this issue, Magnus Hallas-Møller and colleagues have explored data from diverse
and
interrelated disciplines to better define natural hosts and growth sites of this fungus.
Especially given their lack of enzymatic machinery to degrade cellulose, Cryptococcus
species appear to be benign commensals on or in plants. However, the enhancement of
Cryptococcus mating by plant-derived material and their frequent environmental isolation
from vegetation argue for complex, inter-kingdom interactions between plants and these
human fungal pathogens. The cover art shows Cryptococcus neoformans on a Eucalyptus
leaf. The fungal cells (pink) nestle among waxy elongated epidermal cells (purple)
directly
on a vascular bundle close to guard cells (yellow) and basal epidermal cells (green).
Image courtesy: Helle Jakobe Martens, CloseUpImaging, Copenhagen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"The microbial cell is heterogeneous and decorated with appendages, proteins and polysaccharides.
On pages 389–397, Dupres et al. discuss the organization of the different components
of microbial cell envelopes as has been revealed using single cell techniques such
as atomic force microscopy and variations of this. Shown on the cover is a three-dimensional
atomic force microscopy image of a living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell. Cover image
courtesy Yves Dufrêne.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/18_4.txt,vith,18_4.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_7.png,B,"RNA tailing is the addition of non-templated nucleotides to the 3′ end of RNA. To learn about non-canonical RNA tails and how human terminal nucleotidyltransferases modify RNAs post-transcriptionally to control RNA stability and activity, read the Review by Yu & Kim.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/21_4.txt,clip,21_4.txt,"‘Iron-dependent cell death’, inspired by the Review on p424
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,vith,26_1.txt,"‘Cell death in the Iron Age’ (ferroptosis), inspired by the Review on p266
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_9.txt,vitg,22_9.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_5.png,A,"On the cover: Sun et al. characterize the mechanistic significance and diagnostic potential of plasma and
fecal metabolites in colorectal cancer (CRC). The cover artwork depicts the journey
of sailboats, symbolizing CRC progression. The dolphins (representing inhibitory metabolites
like allocholic acid) swim alongside a boat veering away from a storm, while sharks
(representing promoting metabolites like oleic acid) follow a boat heading into the
storm. A buoy at the diverging paths signifies early tumor diagnosis based on metabolite
analysis. Image credit: Jun Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,"On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic
and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity
in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices
(pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research
and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_12.txt,vitg,39_12.txt,"On the cover: As Cancer Cell celebrates 10 years of publishing groundbreaking cancer
research, we reflect on the dramatic progress that has been made. The previous decade
has witnessed leaps forward in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic
alterations in cancer cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the importance of the host in
tumor progression and therapy response. Experimental approaches such as RNA interference,
animal models, DNA sequencing, “omics,” and rational drug design have advanced tremendously
and greatly facilitated discovery. Several exciting new cancer therapeutics were approved
in the last decade. Encouraged by the achievements of the past decade, we look ahead
with excitement to the next 10 years of progress. Cover image by Scott Armstrong and
Eric D. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/21_4.txt,vith,21_4.txt,"On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted
effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together
distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity
and immigration for the future of cancer research.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_4.txt,clip,38_4.txt,train
One Earth,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_6.png,D,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,clip,7_1.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: The inaugural issue of One Earth focuses on climate action. Climate change is arguably the defining challenge of our
time, but more importantly, it is our inaction that will jeopardize the well-being
of future generations. Here, our cover depicts the generation at risk and their awareness
of, and engagement with, the climate issue while also reinterpreting the UN Sustainable
Development Goals' call for climate action icon (SDG 13).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/1_4.txt,vitg,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Land is a finite resource, yet as the human population grows our demands
on land are ever increasing. Parcels of land have undergone multiple transformations,
and unsustainable land management practices have negatively impacted both people and
planet. Cover: Development plans on rural valley. Rupert King, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_30,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_30.png,A,"Manipulating the cation composition of layered, P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 with Li or Mn alters the interlayer cation ordering. The distinct interlayer arrangements of honeycomb-ordered transition metal layers significantly impact the Na+/vacancy ordering and diffusion. These insights provide design strategies for high-power, sustainable electrode materials to support renewable energy storage.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_30.txt,groundtruth,2024_30.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,clip,2024_15.txt,A flow platform has been developed for the rapid assembly of polypeptides through native chemical ligation coupled with a novel photodesulfurization transformation. This technology was used to prepare the clinically approved HIV therapeutic enfuvirtide and the diagnostic agent somatorelin 2 orders of magnitude faster than traditional batch methods. See Payne and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_23.txt,vitg,2018_23.txt,"Mechanistic understanding of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is fundamental to predict and control polymerization outcomes and to guide the next advances in ATRP, which include using Fe catalysts, combining various stimuli, expanding the monomer and functionality scope, running it at larger or smaller scale, and developing controlled depolymerization procedures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_18.txt,vith,2022_18.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_3.png,C,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Rationalizing the Fluorescence Behavior of Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides (J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126 (7), 1114–1122. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2023_30.txt,ave_2,2023_30.txt,"New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_50.txt,clip,2022_50.txt,"Ab initio trajectory simulations of the reaction between chloramine (NH2Cl) and methoxide ion (CH3O-) reveal a dominant proton transfer and minor SN2 products, consistent with experimental findings. Additionally, novel hydride transfer and unconventional roundabout pathways are observed in the nitrogen-centered reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Hebbian Learning on Small Data Enables Experimental Discovery of High Tg Polyimides (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (31), 6829–6835. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02959). Clockwise from top left: Evaluation of Electron Density Shifts in Noncovalent Interactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (22), 4741–4749. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00830); An Aromatic Universe–A Physical Chemistry Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (18), 3826–3840. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00606), image components from NASA and iStock and compiled by Andrew Turner; Tribute to Alexander I. Boldyrev (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (42), 9261–9263. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08112), image by Marina Popova; Theoretical Engineering of Singlet Fission Kinetics in Perylene Bisimide Dimer with Chromophore Rotation (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (3), 875–884. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08706). Center: DFT Analysis of Organotin Catalytic Mechanisms in Dehydration Esterification Reactions for Terephthalic Acid and 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125 (23), 4943–4956. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00850).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_1.txt,ave_1,2022_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_5.png,C,"On the cover: Lineage motifs, symbolized here as ink stamps, are recurring patterns
of cell fates on lineage trees. They represent developmental modules that produce
cell types in predefined ratios during processes like retina development. Furthermore,
they could facilitate adaptive variation in cell type frequencies between species
such as rat, monkey, and chicken, as shown in the pages depicting slices of retina
generated through lineage motif stamps. To learn more about how lineage motifs act
as developmental modules for control of cell type proportions, see Tran et al. Image credit: Adara Koivula.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_19.txt,vith,59_19.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,clip,58_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover features a set of fluorescence microscopy images of the keratin
intermediate filament cytoskeleton network, which provides mechanical strength to
epithelial cells. The different image colors represent the many different mixtures
of keratin isoforms expressed depending on the cellular context. Images from different
time points are superimposed, providing a sense of motion. The blue and yellow panel
traces the filament paths, emphasizing their mesh-like network configuration. To learn
more about how different keratin isoforms influence epithelial cell behavior, see
Nanes et al. Image credit: Benjamin Nanes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_5.txt,groundtruth,59_5.txt,"On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from
molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted
on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships
amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt,vitg,21_6.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_12.png,B,"High humidity in the warm Eocene
Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions.
See van Dijk et al.
Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt,clip,13_2.txt,"Rare earth elements in circulation
Mobilization of in-use rare earth element stocks in regions of high consumption can ease dependence on regions of rare earth element extraction, according to dynamic integrated modelling combining material flow and scenario analysis. The satellite image shows wind turbines offshore Jiangsu, China, that have magnets containing substantial rare earth elements, representing a potential urban mine for reuse.
See Chen et al.
Image: Chang Guang Satellite Technology. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_12.txt,groundtruth,17_12.txt,"Interactions between narrow frontal currents and topography in the Drake Passage enhance bottom mixing, according to ocean glider observations. Such interactions between frontal currents and topography could help close Southern Ocean overturning. This image shows Neumayer Channel near the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Article p840; News & Views p806
IMAGE: XIAOZHOU RUAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_2.txt,vitg,10_2.txt,"Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012.
Letter p122
IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt,ave_1,8_11.txt,val
JACS Au,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_12.png,C,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,vith,2024_8.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,clip,2024_10.txt,"CO3 layer undergoes direct carbonate hydrogenation with limited decomposition, pointing out a new path for gas-solid CO2 upgradation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"A PdZn/ZrO2/SAPO-34 multifunctional catalyst for the direct conversion of CO2 to propane yields >50% total propane selectivity at close to 40% CO2 conversion at 350 ⁰C, 50 bar, and 1500 mL g−1 h−1. Extensive characterization and kinetic–thermodynamic modeling revealed details of a highly integrated reaction scheme between the catalyst components.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_3.txt,vitg,2021_3.txt,val
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_11.png,B,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Decety and Yoder describe emerging findings on the cognitive and neuroscientific
underpinnings of justice motivation. Cover image from iStockphoto/tomloel. Cover design
by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_12.txt,clip,21_12.txt,"Psychological traits, including emotions, values, social behaviors, and
personality, exhibit variability across historical periods. These traits are reflected
in
the cultural artifacts of different periods. However, until recently, psychologists
have
largely lacked the tools needed to systemically analyze these ‘cultural fossils’.
In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nicholas Baumard and colleagues review how
recent computational advances are being used to systematically explore variability
in
cultural fossils, including the literature, paintings, and music of different periods,
and
what this variability may tell us about the values and preferences of different cultures.
For example, the authors examine how variations in depictions of children in paintings
may illuminate parental attitudes throughout different historical periods. Cover image:
Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zuñiga (1784–1792) by Goya.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_11.txt,groundtruth,28_11.txt,"In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment.
The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and
highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover
image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt,vith,21_11.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,vitg,26_1.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_388,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_388.png,A,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Single Molecules contains an Editorial Guide as well as three Perspectives that discuss technical advances that allow cell signaling researchers to zoom in on individual molecules. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_388.txt,groundtruth,2007_388.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a technique by which cells can be engineered to bind to apoptotic cells and then internalize them, thus making nonphagocytic cells become phagocytic. The image depicts the engulfment of apoptotic cells (pink) by an engineered phagocytic cell (blue). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_334.txt,vitg,7_334.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_579.txt,clip,12_579.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue highlights mechanisms of gene regulation (see the Editorial Guide). Articles and resources at Science Signaling focus on some of the mechanisms that control various aspects of gene expression before, during, and after transcription. The image depicts an artist's rendition of gene expression. [Image: Carin L. Cain]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_13.txt,vith,1_13.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_4.png,C,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,ave_1,26_4.txt,"On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies,
edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents
an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic
nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on
the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the
design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt,vitg,25_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover is an abstract photograph capturing many and various marvels at the Gardens
by the Bay in Singapore. It symbolizes the variety of targets to be discovered in
the field of cell and gene therapy and the hazy complexity of the methodologies aimed
at their identification. Image credit: Pierluigi Di Pietro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,clip,27_14.txt,val
Nature Chemistry,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/17_1.png,D,"The cover image shows an artistic impression of large single crystals comprising covalent organic networks. A team led by James Wuest made these materials through the reversible polymerization of organic monomers bearing four tetrahedrally oriented nitroso groups and characterized them using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Such a modular construction is typically used to build monocrystalline materials held together by non-covalentbonding interactions, but is now also shown to work for covalently bonded analogues.
Article p830; News &#38; Views p810
IMAGE: SOPHIE DUBOIS ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE LAB (ORIGINAL PAINTING: ACRYLIC ON CANVAS, 2012).
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/5_3.txt,clip,5_3.txt,"Complex terpene natural products are assembled in nature by reaction cascades that occur inside enzyme pockets that stabilize the cationic intermediates and transition states. Now Qi Zhang and Konrad Tiefenbacher have successfully mimicked this process inside a supramolecular assembly. As shown on the cover, six resorcinarene monomers self-assemble to form a cavity that can encapsulate a geranyl acetate substrate and catalyse its conversion to a variety of cyclic monoterpene natural products.Article p197;News &#38; Views p187IMAGE: JOHANNES RICHERSCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_10.txt,ave_2,7_10.txt,"The cover image shows a surface-confined switch based on an electroactive organic radical (red) that is transformed to the corresponding anion (purple). This bistable system, developed by Jaume Veciana, Concepció Rovira and co-workers, behaves as an extremely robust redox switch in which an electrical input is transduced into an optical and magnetic output. This switch operates at very low voltages, can be patterned and locally addressed, and exhibits an exceptionally high long-term stability and excellent reversibility.
Image by Mateu Marcet/Cover design by Alex Wing, Nature Chemistry
Article p359",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/3_8.txt,ave_1,3_8.txt,"Chiroptical ionic co-crystals
The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules can provide access to superlattices with unique properties; however, this process remains synthetically challenging. Now, a team led by Jarad A. Mason has shown that silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles can be assembled through a supramolecular approach into ionic co-crystals with tunable structures that exhibit large chiroptical effects. The cover shows the structure of enantiopure chiral co-crystals featuring atomically precise silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles.
See Mason et al.
Image: Dr. Yingwei Li, Harvard University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_1.png,C,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,clip,52_10.txt,"Finding zebrafish in the field
Studying zebrafish in their natural habitats can help inform how the model organisms are studied and reared in research facilities, but finding the real wild types means stepping far outside the lab.
Depicted on the cover is a shallow pool of turbid water, running over bedrock, lime, and silt, that connects to the Kaveri River in Kallahalli, India. Here, a field trip to study the natural acoustic properties of zebrafish habitats found fish swimming in loose shoals of 5 to 10 individuals.
See Neff
IMAGE: Rafael A. Lara and Raquel O. Vasconcelos. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_1.txt,vitg,49_1.txt,"Digging deeper into the marble burying task
The marble burying task (MBT) is widely used to measure anxiety-like behavior in rodent models, but it is not typically video-recorded. In our first Brief Communication, Burgett et al. show that using a single photo at the end of the task might not be a reliable indicator of rodent engagement with marbles. The authors suggest that video analysis might provide a more accurate representation of the rich set of behaviors displayed in the MBT.
See Burgett et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_1.txt,groundtruth,53_1.txt,"50 years of Lab Animal
We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years!
See Editorial
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_2.txt,vith,50_2.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_2.png,D,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Role of Molecular Simulations in the Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas-Phase Thermocatalysis: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (14), 6111–6118. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10778). Counter-clockwise from middle left: Molecularly Designed Cluster–Surface Interaction for Halogen-like and Alkali-like Metal-Encapsulating Silicon Cage Superatoms on n- and p-Type Organic Substrates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (26), 10889–10899. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02196), image by Takashi Tsujino; Ligand-Structure-Dependent Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt(II) Dimers (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (28), 11487–11497. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02256); Understanding the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Metal Nanoclusters: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (40), 16928–16942. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05301); Understanding the Phase Equilibrium and Kinetics of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transition in CoOxHy during Electrocatalytic Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (43), 18198–18207. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04813).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 5919–5926. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00559). Clockwise from top left: Effects of Pore Arrangement of TiO2-Coated Porous Alumina Membranes on Photocatalytic Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (15), 6478–6486. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01029); Quantum Dot Fluorescent Imaging: Using Atomic Structure Correlation Studies to Improve Photophysical Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (9), 3632–3640. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07367); Ultrafast Energy Funneling in Two-Dimensional Mixed-Halide Perovskites Caused by Intrinsic Halide Immiscibility (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (1), 279–286. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07170). In Situ Tracked Hybridization Phenomenon of Gold Nanorods in Monolayer Systems (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 6065–6071. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08164); Tailoring the Reaction Pathway for Control of Size and Composition of Silver–Gold Alloy Nanoparticles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (21), 8660–8671. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00321).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_9.txt,ave_1,2025_9.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Mechanistic Study of the Effect of Epoxy Groups on Ethylene Carbonate Decomposition Reaction on Carbon Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (15), 8031–8044. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10702). Clockwise from top left: Type-I CdSe/ZnS Heteronanoplatelets Exhibit Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Interfacial Trap-Mediated Hole Transfer (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (43), 23945–23951. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07390); Tuning the Sheet Resistance, Ferromagnetism, and H2O2 Sensitivity of ITO Film by Introducing Tunable Pores (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (18), 10159–10164. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02583); Tunable and Well-Defined Bimodal Porous Model Electrodes for Revealing Multiscale Structural Effects in the Nonaqueous Li–O2 Electrode Process (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (2), 1403–1413. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10446); Determination of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield of a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (13), 7392–7400. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00310).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2022_51.txt,clip,2022_51.txt,"The cover art depicts an isolated hydroxyl-bridged tricopper triangular complex being lifted from the kagomé lattice of herbertsmithite, illustrating how our new compound, CaCu(OH)3Cl, represents a chemically equivalent zero-dimensional analogue of this well studied quantum spin liquid candidate. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_3.png,A,"How life arose on Earth starting from simple chemicals remains an open question — one to which we may never have a definitive answer. A shift from simple building blocks to systems that display the essential characteristics of life — confinement, metabolism, and replication — would have been necessary, ultimately coming together in conditions that are far-from-equilibrium. For a discussion of this transition, see Singh et al.
Image: Dibyendu Das; Cover design: Susanne Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Autocatalytic lipids — that form assemblies capable of catalysing their own formation — are fascinating chemicals that display a variety of extraordinary behaviour up to and including the emulation of processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis, that are associated with living systems. The cover illustrates this with the gradual appearance from top left of ever more complex assemblies eventually leading to larger assemblies that are beginning to divide. See Howlett & Fletcher
Image: Carl Conway & Philip Patenall Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_3.txt,vith,7_3.txt,"Metal–ligand interactions are widely exploited for the design of new drugs. An atomistic understanding of metal-mediated interactions, provided by powerful computational approaches, will aid the design of both potent metalloenzyme inhibitors and metal-containing drugs. See De Vivo, M. et al.
Image: Laura Riccardi. Cover Design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_6.txt,vitg,2_6.txt,"The availability of synthetic DNA is outstripped by its growing number of uses. With applications in engineering biology, therapy, data storage and nanotechnology, the demand for synthetic DNA is increasing. New technologies have been developed and commercialised to meet this need. By analogy to the advances in word processing, this cover image represents how technological advances can improve the efficiency and scale of DNA syntheses. See Hoose et al.
Image: Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_10.txt,clip,7_10.txt,test
Molecular Plant,18_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/18_3.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,vitg,17_4.txt,"On The Cover A highly conserved recognition mechanism of plant peptide hormones by their receptors,
the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Image by: Heqiao Zhang and Jijie
Chai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_2.txt,ave_0,9_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_3.txt,groundtruth,18_3.txt,"On The Cover A single gene generates two transcription factors SUSSIBA1 and SUSIBA2 via two alternative
promotors and orchestrates the sucrose-coordinated synthesis of starch and fructan
in barley. Image by: Chuanxin Sun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_1.txt,clip,10_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_1.png,C,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,clip,1_2.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,vitg,1_6.txt,"Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers is an emerging lasing technology that possess high brightness and high functionalities, while maintaining the merits of semiconductor lasers. The illustration depicts a train of pulsed laser beams emitted from the surface of a Photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser. See Noda.
Image: Susumu Noda, Kyoto University. Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_1.txt,groundtruth,1_1.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_2.png,D,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_43.txt,ave_1,2020_43.txt,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_38.txt,ave_2,2020_38.txt,10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12126,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_50.txt,clip,2020_50.txt,"The two-photon absorption of the Green Fluorescent Protein is intrinsically enhanced when utilizing quantum light. The classical and entangled two-photon absorption strengths can be differentially modulated by the protein, enabling precise control over the outcome through adjustments in its local electric field induced by a single amino acid substitution. The image is an artistic representation of the protein absorbing entangled light. Part of the image was generated by artificial intelligence using Kandinsky 2.2. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.png,C,"Inspired by the Focus issue starting on p485.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_5.txt,ave_0,24_5.txt,Cover by Patrick Morgan. Original image sources: DNA - PhotoDisc/Getty; Stethoscope/keyboard - iStockphoto/Getty.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_12.txt,clip,19_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"COVER: inspired by the Perspective on p447.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_6.txt,vith,23_6.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_2.png,B,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,clip,26_1.txt,"Restoring functional beta cell mass is an essential step in curing
diabetes. While regenerating beta cells directly within the pancreas is an attractive
solution, its clinical translation has proven to be challenging. This month, Bourgeois
and colleagues discuss how new insights into beta cell regeneration can be used to
change diabetes therapy, shifting from “caring for” to “curing” this disorder. The
cover,
symbolizing renewal and transformation, merges a phoenix rising from its ashes with
a pancreatic islet. Cover credit: Len Degroote / Althar.be",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_5.txt,ave_1,27_5.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on a select list of GPCRs and their pivotal roles in a wide range of metabolic
processes, including glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, appetite, calcium-sensing,
heart rate and blood pressure, sleep, to mention only a few. Our experts review the
most recent advances in these areas and offer forward-looking insights regarding the
actions of these key GPCRs in several metabolic and endocrine disorders. Cover image
was prepared by Effie Tzameli using the structure of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor
in complex with the partial inverse agonist carazolol, licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Color scheme is from an Andy
Warhol painting image from Istockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_4.txt,vitg,27_4.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.png,A,"Inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"Key advances in rheumatology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p69
Cover design: S.Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_11.txt,clip,17_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/17_5.txt,vitg,17_5.txt,"In our August issue: articles on IL-17 in inflammatory arthritis, cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA, T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in rheumatic diseases and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies.
Image of skin from a patient with dermatomyositis. Image supplied by Majid Zeidi, Kristen Chen and Victoria P. Werth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/15_5.txt,vith,15_5.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_6.png,D,"In the article featured on the cover, the authors report the synthesis of an ionic liquid consisting of a polymerizable methacrylate with a thermally-labile Diels−Alder linkage between the ion-containing side chain and the polymer backbone. The cover illustration shows how, under UV light, the ionic liquid can be polymerized, and can then be induced to release ions in response to a thermal trigger. This ion release results in a clear increase in mobile ion content at the retro-Diels−Alder temperature which is retained after the material is returned to room temperature. This type of ""triggerable"" polymerizable ionic liquid has promise in next-generation responsive electronic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_9.txt,vith,2020_9.txt,Atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials serve as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena and provide practical solutions for various applications. Featured,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,"Ultra-pure organic crystals do not display long-lived emission and, hence, can be perceived as essentially dark 3D frameworks. The review highlights that phosphorescence within these dark frameworks can be only achieved if tiny amounts of impurities are added. The impurities act as exciton traps and enable long-lived emission.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_8.png,B,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,clip,7_6.txt,"Bias-free ammonia
In their work, Ji-Wook Jang and colleagues couple an efficient lead halide perovskite photocathode for nitrate reduction to a glycerol oxidation anode for bias-free ammonia production with a photocurrent density greater than 20 mA cm–2.
See Tayyebi et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic / Younghee Lee. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,vith,2_2.txt,"Artificial biocatalytic systems
Biocatalysis is an enabling technology for a more sustainable future. This Insight provides an overview of engineering enzymes and microbes, as well as methods for interfacing them with abiological materials to improve their performance and range of applications.
The cover comes from an Article by Julia Sanz-Aparicio, Víctor Guallar, Manuel Ferrer and co-workers on engineering enzyme scaffolds with two active sites to synergistically combine biological and new-to-nature chemical transformations.
See Alonso et al.
Image: Julia Sanz-Aparicio (CSIC). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_10.txt,vitg,3_10.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.png,D,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,clip,56_7.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,ave_2,55_7.txt,"Brassica oleracea pan-genome
De novo genome assemblies of 22 Brassica oleracea accessions and pan-genome analyses highlight the effects of structural variation on gene expression and its contribution to morphotype diversification.
See Li et al.
Image: Chang Keyong, professional photographer, Beijing, China. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.txt,groundtruth,56_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_11.png,A,"Extracellular targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Review on p126.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_11.txt,groundtruth,23_11.txt,"Peptide therapeutics targeting GPCRs, inspired by the Review on p389.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_7.txt,vith,19_7.txt,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,vitg,23_7.txt,"The bispecific antibody landscape, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.txt,clip,23_9.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_9.png,C,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt,ave_1,1_9.txt,"The ability to image the dynamic processes, bonding forces and
conformational changes of biomacromolecules in a liquid environment in real time
would be vital to provide a deeper understanding of fundamental biological principles.
As an emerging method to reach this goal, liquid-phase electron microscopy (LP-EM)
can provide unique insights into complex structures such as proteins, lipids, and
nucleic
acids. In their Forum article, Huan Wang and colleagues highlight the progress made
in single-molecule LP-EM research so far, including use of deep learning methods,
and discuss future prospects for this technique to address unanswered questions in
biochemistry and biophysics. Image credit: GettyImages/Westend61",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_12.png,B,Garfield and colleagues demonstrate that melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-expressing neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) are required for the bidirectional control of feeding and that they induce satiety associated with an appetitive state. The cover depicts a stylized immunofluorescence image of MC4R-expressing neurons in the PVH (as demarked by an MC4R-t2a-Cre reporter line). It symbolizes both the PVH as the 'heart' of the hypothalamic feeding circuitry and the positive emotional valence of the MC4R-driven satiety. Cover design and concept by Michael J. Krashes and Alastair S. Garfield.789863,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/18_7.txt,clip,18_7.txt,"AgRP neurons encode circadian mealtimes
To maximize fitness, most animals adopt an optimal foraging strategy to procure the highest energy at the lowest cost. For example, nighttime is likely to be preferred by nocturnal animals owing to its relative safety from predators and the ease of food availability. In an environment with such periodic food availability, AgRP neurons are entrained by past successful feeding experiences and use this circadian information to promote foraging at similar time windows on subsequent days to maximize the chance of feeding.
See Sayar-Atasoy et al.
Image: Muhammed Ikbal Alp, InSpira. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_12.txt,groundtruth,27_12.txt,This month's special issue of Nature Neuroscience features a series of reviews and opinionated pieces on the theme of spatial cognition.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_2.txt,vitg,20_2.txt,"Animals engage in risky behaviors depending on potential gains and losses relative to current needs. For example, during starvation, they are more likely to forage for food where predators are prevalent and conspecifics can compete. Padilla et al. report a neural mechanism regulating these behaviors and describe a hypothalamic AgRP circuit controlling fear and aggression during nutritional deprivation.643734",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/19_8.txt,ave_3,19_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_5.png,B,"Endocrine effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, inspired by the Review on p389.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_6.txt,vith,17_6.txt,"Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p447.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,"Use of machine intelligence in endocrine cancer diagnostics, inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_11.txt,clip,18_11.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_1.png,A,"Chronic wounds are challenging due to infections and antibiotic resistance. This study develops hydrogels with gallium-based nanoalloys, combining bismuth and silver ions. These multi-metallic hydrogels exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while being non-toxic and enhancing wound healing, providing an alternative to current antimicrobial treatments. The i",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_3.txt,clip,2018_3.txt,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,vitg,2018_1.txt,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,vith,2019_12.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.png,C,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,ave_1,6_7.txt,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry.
We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal
batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic
bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image
is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures
and reactions primarily found within this issue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt,clip,1_10.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,vith,6_6.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_2.png,A,Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates the innovative method of synthesizing spherical lignin-based 3D porous carbons (LSPCs). These ecofriendly spheres depict high surface areas and customizable micro/mesopores. With their impressive performance in supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries, these materials significantly advance in creating ecofriendly energy storage solutions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2024_47.txt,vith,2024_47.txt,Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_12.txt,vitg,2017_12.txt,"Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_9.txt,clip,2017_9.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.png,A,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,ave_1,2025_2.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,vitg,2023_11.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,clip,2024_3.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.png,A,"A long polypeptide chain, exceeding 700 amino acids, is propelled through a protein nanopore. Phosphorylation-specific binders, when bound to the translocating peptide, create unique signatures that enable the detection of phosphoserine sites over 250 residues apart within a single chain. [Cover by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"Sandwich-type phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes have been limited to the dimer and trimer species in the past. This cover shows that the reaction of a double-decker Pc with a cadmium salt yields a discrete quadruple-decker Pc complex, which is the first buildup since the synthesis of a triple-decker Pc complex in 1986. See Fukuda and co-workers, p 6278.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_34.txt,clip,2010_34.txt,"A liquid–solid hybrid catalyst derived from Pickering emulsions has been successfully developed for continuous-flow reactions, which provides a new way for bridging the conceptual and technical gaps between homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysis. See Yang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11860. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_39.txt,vitg,2019_39.txt,The respiratory Complex I is a redox-driven proton pump powering aerobic life. The cover shows an artistic representation of how catalysis of quinone (glowing purple molecule) in Complex I drives long-range conformational changes that initiate proton pumping across a biological membrane.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2023_21.txt,vith,2023_21.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.png,D,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,vitg,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: In this cover article, Zhou et al. constructed a novel mechanistic quantitative systems pharmacology model describing the underlying pathophysiological processes of HER2+BC, from ligand-receptor binding to downstream signaling and finally to tumor growth, while incorporating the distinct modalities and mechanisms of various state-of-the-art therapeutics. A large variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental data was used during model calibration and validation, achieving a quantitative and accurate description of cellular signaling, time-response, dose-response, and tumor growth kinetics. In a high-throughput manner, this multiscale QSP model platform enabled researchers to probe into the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies at the preclinical level, generate new hypothesis regarding best treatment combinations to overcome resistance, and suggested important directions for future translational drug research and model-informed drug development. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01232-9. See the article in pages 1287–1304",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_7.txt,ave_2,45_7.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,clip,45_12.txt,"Cover Credit: Reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles for tumor-targeted protein degradation and anticancer therapy. The reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by self-assembly of the PROTAC-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymer and further functionalized with a CRGDK ligand. The resulting PROTAC prodrug NPs can specifically target tumor cells and be efficiently internalized by recognizing neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Remarkably, the PROTAC prodrug NPs efficiently degraded the protein targets BRD4 and CDK9 for inhibiting tumor growth in an mouse model of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer. More importantly, the PROTAC prodrug NP can serve as a platform for co-delivering chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) to perform combinatory cancer therapy. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01266-z). See the article in pages 1740–1751.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.txt,groundtruth,45_5.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_10.png,D,A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_18.txt,clip,2023_18.txt,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,ave_1,2023_22.txt,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,vith,2020_8.txt,The new open source QupKake model from Abarbanel and Hutchison combines fast semiempirical quantum chemical data with machine learning methods to predict the local aqueous pKa of atomic sites in organic molecules for both protonation and deprotonation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_10.png,A,"ER-phagy during neurogenesis
Quantitative proteomics analyses show the importance of selective autophagy in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remodelling across neuronal subcompartments and decode the substrate selectivity of ER-phagy receptors during in vitro neurogenesis.
See Hoyer et al. and News & Views by Molinari
Image: Cristina Capitanio, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_10.txt,groundtruth,26_10.txt,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,vith,26_4.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,vitg,22_3.txt,This issue of Nature Cell Biology includes a series of six specially commissioned articles that collectively highlight how misfunctioning developmental pathways can cause disease. The articles are freely accessible until February 2008 at www.nature.com/ncb/webfocus/developmentdisease,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/9_4.txt,clip,9_4.txt,train
iScience,27_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_4.png,A,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,groundtruth,27_4.txt,"On the cover: The image represents an oniric virtual reality environment that shows
how a physical activity, like cycling, improves spatial memory and could benefit both
fitness and cognition. Image credit: Nadia de la Cruz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_9.txt,vitg,26_9.txt,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,vith,27_8.txt,"On the Cover: The image depicts a Tic-tac-toe match where the players use an intriguing
set of pens named “Axonpens.” The player using the “SOX2 wild-type” Axonpen wins,
drawing a straight line connecting the eye to the brain, while the player using the
“SOX2 knock-out” Axonpen loses. This is a funny representation of the main findings
of Mercurio et al. (volume 15, 2019). The development of the visual system involves
the formation of neuronal projections connecting the retina to the thalamus and the
thalamus to the visual cerebral cortex. Deletion of Sox2 in thalamic neurons results
in abnormal development of retino-thalamic and thalamo-cortical projections and secondary
defects in cortical patterning. Image by Lorenzo Gesuita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/16_1.txt,clip,16_1.txt,test
Precision Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_4.png,B,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,clip,2024_5.txt,"Constructing charge-transfer channels in ZnIn2S4 by doping Ru single atoms (SAs), where the photogenerated electrons migrate from Ru SAs to S sites, as a result of enhanced separation of electron-hole pairs, leading to the ultrahigh H2 productivity under visible light irradiation in the absence of sacrificial agents.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,vith,2023_7.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_12.png,C,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,clip,56_7.txt,"Coffea arabica diversification history
Genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors provide insights into diversification history.
See Salojärvi et al.
Image: Amanda van der Sijs/500px/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_9.txt,ave_1,56_9.txt,"Banana genome evolution
Genome assemblies of triploid Cavendish and Gros Michel bananas reveal the origins, disease resistance and fruit-ripening mechanisms of the banana cultivars.
See Li et al.
Image: Aleksandr Zubkov/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_12.txt,groundtruth,56_12.txt,"Mendel and memories
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992.
Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_6.txt,vitg,54_6.txt,train
Nature Cancer,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/6_1.png,C,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,clip,2_12.txt,"2023 in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus issue, ‘2023 in Review’, that includes news, analyses and comments on the advances and challenges of the past year, together with highlights from the primary research articles published in Nature Cancer and elsewhere over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content.
Image: ICP-Tech / Incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_1.txt,ave_3,4_1.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"2024 in Review
This month we present a dedicated issue, Focus on 2024 in Review, that includes news, analysis and comment pieces on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the primary research articles published in Nature Cancer and elsewhere over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content.
Image: Ernie Janes / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,test
Cell Chemical Biology,31_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_6.png,C,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,ave_1,31_4.txt,"On the cover: Dual targeting of proteins (orange and blue) on the same cell surface
via bispecific antibodies (pink beige) holds great therapeutic promise with novel
modes of action that are rapidly advancing towards the clinic. Oslund et al. review the therapeutic impact of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies (pink beige)
in the clinic and their emerging applications and highlight features for enhancing
cis-targeting bispecific therapeutic development. Cover art created by Yi Zheng (yizhengillustration).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_6.txt,groundtruth,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,clip,31_5.txt,test
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_7.png,D,"Metal–organic frameworks featuring well-defined active sites enable efficient activation and conversion of methane, promoting sustainable production of value-added chemicals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2025_1.txt,ave_1,2025_1.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,clip,2024_12.txt,"This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt,vitg,2022_6.txt,"CO2 electrolysis driven by sustainable energy resources is an attractive way to close the carbon cycle and achieve carbon neutrality. This Account highlights recent advances in cathode materials design for CO2 electrolysis from room to elevated temperatures, with a focus on various strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_89,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_89.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Legged Robots. Developing legged robots capable of complex motor skills is a major challenge for roboticists. Haarnoja et al. used deep reinforcement learning to train miniature humanoid robots, Robotis OP3, to play a game of one-versus-one soccer. The robots were capable of exhibiting not only agile movements, such as walking, kicking the ball, and rapid recovery from falls, but also emergent behaviors to adapt to the game scenario, such as subtle defensive moves and dynamic footwork in response to the opponent. This month’s cover is an image of the miniature humanoid robot kicking a ball. Credit: Google DeepMind",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_89.txt,groundtruth,9_89.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,ave_2,7_68.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,clip,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Opening Doors. Robot swarms are designed to achieve complex global behaviors through simple local interactions between robots with very rudimentary sensing and locomotive abilities. Boudet et al. demonstrate that a swarm of primitive, centimeter-scale, vibrating robots bound by a deformable metal scaffold can give rise to directional motion. The mechanically coupled motion of the simple robots and the scaffold enable nontrivial space exploration in specifically configured environments. This month's cover is a photograph of a swarm of simple robots in a flexible membrane passing through a door. [CREDIT: HAMID KELLAY, JEAN FRANÇOIS BOUDET, BENJAMIN GORIN/UNIVERSITY OFBORDEAUX]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_56.txt,vitg,6_56.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/32_1.png,C,"On the cover: Climbing a mountain with all its nooks and crannies (energy wells) is
an apt metaphor for the selection of functional antibodies. One starts with an enormous
collection of candidates from which only a few are selected (reach the mountain top).
In Xie et al. (pp. 274–283), only two antibodies out of approximately 108 were selected
that could prevent cell death. The antibodies functioned by binding to the viral protease
and either inhibited its catalytic function or prevented its entry into the viral
maturation process.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/21_11.txt,clip,21_11.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: Sharma et al. describe the chemical interplay between the gut microbiota and host circadian physiology
via the epigenetic circuit. Members of the gut microbiota fine-tune host functions
(yellow bacterium and pink intestinal epithelial cells), synthesize host-sensed metabolites
(orange bacterium and orange-yellow receptor), interact with intestinal epithelium
and immune cells (blue, dark green, and light green bacterium and light-orange immune
cell), and can harm the host (purple bacterium). Cover art by Samskrathi Aravinda
Sharma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,vith,23_12.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_10.png,A,"Studying human brain vascular cells with single-cell transcriptomics and organoids
Human brain vascular cells, including endothelial and mural cells, can be purified with FACS and used in many downstream applications, including cell culture, transcriptomics and organoid transplants. This image shows vascular cells labeled with GFP and transplanted on top of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical organoids. See Crouch et al. p603
Image : Elizabeth Crouch, University of California San Francisco. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_10.txt,groundtruth,19_10.txt,"Nervous heart.
The cover shows 3D FLASH immunofluorescence staining of nerves (tyrosine hydroxylase) and extracellular matrix (collagen IV) of a whole murine heart.
See Messal et al.
Image: Axel Behrens. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_12.txt,ave_1,16_12.txt,"The cytoarchitecture of an ALI-CO
The cover shows an air–liquid interface cerebral organoid (ALI-CO) expressing foci of a membrane-targeted GFP construct (cyan) and stained for the pan-neuronal cytoskeletal marker TUBB3 (red), the axonal marker SMI312 (green) and the neuronal transcription factor NeuroD2 (blue). Thick axon bundles project around the edges and toward the center of the organoid, outlining lobules containing neuronal nuclei and axons in a radially ordered lattice.
See Giandomenico et al.
Image: Stefano L. Giandomenico. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_11.txt,ave_2,16_11.txt,"Human neurons in culture
Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.
See Miura et al.
Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,clip,17_12.txt,train
Immunity,57_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_9.png,C,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,clip,50_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Bosteels, Neyt, et al. (1039–1056) report the identification
of a subset of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), which they term inflammatory cDC2s,
that combines characteristics of monocytes, macrophages, and cDCs to induce the optimal
immunity in the context of a viral respiratory infection. The alveolar-capillary interface
characterized by a delicate balance between adequate oxygenation (air bubbles) and
inflammation is depicted as a seabed. Different cDCs (octopus)—cDC1s, cDC2s, and inflammatory
cDC2s—patrol this seabed, sampling antigen and integrating the nature of threats encountered
to initiate appropriate immune responses. Cover design by Jonas Bossuyt and Cedric
Bosteels.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/52_1.txt,ave_2,52_1.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,groundtruth,57_9.txt,"On the cover: This year marks the twentieth anniversary of the JAK-STAT signaling
pathway—a signaling axis fundamental to a broad range of immune responses including
cytokine and interferon signaling. In this issue of Immunity, we celebrate this anniversary with a special collection of review articles. Stark
and Darnell (pages 503–514) provide a personal account of the discovery of the pathway
and summarize recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of its regulation and
function. Casanova and colleagues (pages 515–528) cover inborn errors in human genes
encoding JAKs and STATs and discuss how these mutations have illuminated the functional
importance of this signaling pathway in infection and immunity. Mutations in JAKs
have also been found certain cancers of the immune system, and Staudt and colleagues
(pages 529–541) highlight our current knowledge on the prevalence of these lesions
in leukemia and lymphoma. Finally, O'Shea and Plenge (pages 542–550) review immunoregulatory
roles of the JAK-STAT pathway, insights gained from genomewide analyses into possible
links between this pathway and autoimmunity, and recent targeted therapeutic approaches
designed to inhibit JAK function. Clearly, there is much more to be discovered about
the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the immune system, and the next twenty years is
likely to reveal new insights into this important pathway as well as therapeutic means
of regulating its function. Cover art by Alan Hoofring of the NIH Medical Arts Design
section.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/36_3.txt,ave_3,36_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_2.png,C,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"Inflammasomes in atrial fibrillation, inspired by the Review on p145.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_10.txt,vith,20_10.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,"New CRISPR tools, inspired by the Review on p505.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_5.txt,vitg,19_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_6.png,D,"Looking for biomarkers, inspired by the Roadmap on p727
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_2.txt,clip,19_2.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,vitg,18_6.txt,"Intersection between ALD and NAFLD/MASLD, inspired by the Review on p764.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_1.txt,vith,20_1.txt,"The expanding repertoire of bile acids, inspired by the Perspective on p493
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_6.png,C,"Inspired by the Focus issue starting on p485.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_5.txt,vitg,24_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p739
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_2.txt,vith,24_2.txt,"Inspired by the Reviews on p460 and p476
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"'The end game' by Patrick Morgan, inspired by the Review on p693.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/13_3.txt,clip,13_3.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_1.png,A,"Switchback nucleic acid structures contain right-handed helical half-turns that are laterally arranged to form a globally left-handed structure with parallel strand orientation (set of blocks in the middle) in contrast to conventional duplexes that contain vertically stacked half-turns that form a right-handed structure with antiparallel strands (set of blocks on the right). The cover image was designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt,clip,2011_9.txt,"This cover highlights the simultaneous observation of unusual -1 and -2 ribosomal frameshiftings on a slippery mRNA , via a novel mechanomagnetic detection of magnetic DNA rulers and centrifugal forces.  Image Credit: Shoujun Xu",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_7.txt,vith,2017_7.txt,The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.txt,vitg,2024_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_6.png,A,"Targeting SARS-CoV-2, inspired by the Review on p391.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_6.txt,groundtruth,22_6.txt,"COVER: Giant viruses, inspired by the Review on p721.
Cover design: Berkeley Lab.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_1.txt,clip,20_1.txt,"‘Tracking filoviruses’, inspired by the review article on page 365
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/18_6.txt,ave_3,18_6.txt,"SARS-CoV-2, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_10.txt,vitg,21_10.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_5.png,D,"It was recently demonstrated that perovskite single-crystals perform better than their polycrystalline thin-films counterparts due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties (low trap density, high carrier mobility, and long carrier lifetime and diffusion length). In this Review, Murali and Mohammed et al. provide a comprehensive overview of the growth methods, chemical stability, ion migration, and charge carrier dynamics of the perovskite single-crystals, as well as their potential applications in light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and solar cells. The cover art shows a solar cell architecture where the perovskite single-crystal absorber layer is sandwiched between hole- and electron-transporting layers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_11.txt,ave_2,2020_11.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,vitg,2020_12.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,clip,2021_9.txt,-scale WSe2 flakes-based light-gated transistors. Different LGT behaviors at above- and below-threshold light-gating with pulse modulations demonstrate a great deal of potential use in the fields of neuromorphic computing and logic operations. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_2.png,C,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,vitg,2_7.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,clip,2_6.txt,"Enzymatic enone synthesis
Chiral enones are produced, using flavin-dependent ene-reductases, through a desymmetrization approach. Enzymatic desaturation and reduction processes enable the synthesis of either enantiomer of the enone products from cyclohexanone or cyclohexadienone substrates.
See Zeng et al.
Image: Mudi Wang, National Institute of Biological Sciences. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_2.txt,groundtruth,3_2.txt,"Strike a pose
Substrate docking into molecular-dynamics-simulated structures of enzyme variants is used to guide the design of mutations, which increases enantioselectivity in a C–H oxidation reaction by disfavouring binding poses leading to the unwanted enantiomer. This enzyme engineering approach enables selective oxidation of unactivated C–H bonds in cyclic amines to deliver high-value alcohol products for drug discovery and synthetic applications.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Yuan Zhang, Jeremy Robertson and Luet L. Wong, University of Oxford. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_1.txt,ave_0,1_1.txt,train
Structure,32_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_11.png,A,"On the cover: The study by Mukherjee et al. revealed that the PAS domain of the sensor histidine kinase FlrB of Vibrio
cholerae exhibits a unique architecture and forms a functional dimer. Heme binds FlrB
PAS as the sensory ligand to increase the swimming motility of V. cholerae. Cover
conceptualized by Dr. Jhimli Dasgupta and prepared by Baibhab Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_11.txt,groundtruth,32_11.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,vitg,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The I-domain, which is inserted into bacteriophage P22’s coat protein,
has multiple functional roles including serving as a folding nucleus and promoting
procapsid stability. The structure of the I-domain was solved by NMR spectroscopy
and then used to improve cryoEM models of the coat protein subunit. The cover presents
a cryoEM reconstruction of bacteriophage P22 with the magnifying glass showing a capsid
penton overlaid with the I-domain in cyan. The background is a light micrograph of
Salmonella cells, the host organism of phage P22. See Rizzo et al., pp. 830–841.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/22_7.txt,ave_1,22_7.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a rendering of the structure of the Haliangium ochraceum bacterial microcompartment shell, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of which
Greber et al. (pp. 749–763) present in a paper in this issue of Structure. The shell is composed of different types of BMC proteins, which are shown in different
colors in the depiction. For one type, different conformational states, correlated
across the shell surface, can be discerned in the cryo-EM maps.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_8.txt,clip,27_8.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_1.png,B,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,ave_0,6_5.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the use of diamond sensors for many-body physics. See de Leon.
Image: Jared Rovny. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,vitg,5_10.txt,"The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al.
Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_1.txt,clip,3_1.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_2.png,B,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,ave_1,31_4.txt,"On the cover: Bacterial respiration is the primary pathway to produce energy, coupling
with the electron transport chain (ETC) to transfer electrons. Targeting the ETC leads
to energy depletion and bacterial death. In this cover by Li et al., bacteria are depicted as the glowing light bulbs equipped with electrical circuits.
Antibacterial compounds block electron transfer leading to bacterial death, which
is like interruption of circuits causing the lights to turn off. Hence, targeting
the ETC is an attractive strategy to discover antibiotics. Image credit: Kui Zhu and
Qian Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,vitg,31_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover image shows the attack of small-molecule inhibitor spaceships
on the GPX4 space station in an attempt to trigger ferroptosis, a type of regulated
cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, indicated by the orange flames. See the paper
by Liu et al., 1680–1693; image courtesy of Nicoletta Barolini, Columbia University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_1.txt,clip,29_1.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_5.png,D,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,clip,1_6.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,vitg,1_12.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,groundtruth,1_5.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_1.png,B,"FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling
In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation.
See Martínez Corrales et al.
Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,"Focus on reproductive aging
Reproductive aging is an important determinant of fertility span and overall health and wellbeing in older age. In this issue, Nature Aging presents a series of reviews and opinion pieces on recent advances and future directions in reproductive aging research. The cover image shows seasonally colored trees — a springtime tree in green, and autumn trees in brilliant yellow and red — that represent different stages of reproductive physiology in aging.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,ave_2,4_12.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,clip,1_12.txt,train
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_1.png,A,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,This front cover depicts how machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly being applied to large environmentally relevant datasets for deciphering complex environmental relationships.  The information uncovered and insights gained in system variables and behaviors help science discovery and solution advancement for environmental protection and sustainable development.  ES&T is actively publishing transformational papers in this developing area of data science in environmental science and technology.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2022_11.txt,clip,2022_11.txt,This ES&T special issue presents new research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from some of the leading experts in the field.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_11.txt,vitg,2021_11.txt,"Each year, ES&T selects exceptional papers from the previous year in the categories of Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Policy, and Feature Articles for special recognition. This cover salutes the Best Papers of 2017!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2018_18.txt,vith,2018_18.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_4.png,C,Zhao-Wu Tian Festschrift Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2024_50.txt,clip,2024_50.txt,Women Scientists in China Virtual Special Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2024_29.txt,vith,2024_29.txt,"In this perspective, we discuss how one can correlate computational catalysis results with experimental techniques, such as calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and XPS measurements. For example, configuration space mapping for the alloying of Ru into Fe(100) through a lattice gas model enables the construction of coverage-dependent microkinetic models involving oxygenated aromatics and identifies a catalytically relevant ground state structure. This structure features Fe (gold spheres) alloyed with Ru at the surface (pink spheres) and Ru at subsurface sites (large red spheres). The lattice gas model accounts for 2-body and 3-body interactions (examples shown), as well as higher-order interactions, which are quantified using first-principles calculations. The lateral interactions between oxygenated aromatics can also be quantified within a mean-field model, allowing for the correlation with core-level binding energy shifts observed in XPS measurements.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2020_4.txt,vitg,2020_4.txt,test
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_3.png,B,"Exploring links between obesity and the kidney, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.txt,vith,20_7.txt,"The challenges of assessing adiposity, inspired by the Perspective on p615.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"The WHO global targets for diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Viewpoint on p194.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_9.txt,clip,19_9.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,vitg,21_2.txt,test
Nature Plants,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_1.png,B,"Retaining network resilience through evolution
Plant regulatory networks adapt to abiotic stresses such as salt conditions. Comparing the gene regulatory networks in Arabidopsis and Marchantia shows what is kept and what is lost over the evolutionary history of land plants.
SeeWu, T.-Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_7.txt,ave_2,7_7.txt,"Rewiring for life on land
To colonize the land, plants had to evolve ways to obtain nutrients from barren terrains. The nutrient-response networks of liverworts, such as Marchantia polymorpha, show how this was achieved through extensive reorganization of the core components they share with distantly related, water-living algae
See Dong, Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"Five years of plant coverage
Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years.
See Editorial
Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_12.txt,clip,6_12.txt,"Fern relationships
Ferns are closely related to flowering plants but remain much less studied. Genome sequences of two ferns help redress this imbalance, and illuminate their mechanisms of defence and nitrogen fixation.
See Li et al.
Image: Laura Dijkhuizen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_6.txt,vith,4_6.txt,train