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Task definition: In this task, you will be given a set of steps that are required to answer a specific question. Your job is to generate that question. Each given step refers to either an entity (known or unknown), a propery of an entity or a query operation (count, group, union, etc.) Knowing those operations and how they appear in the input may help you generate more accurate questions.
Select: A select step is used to return a set of objects. There are no references to previous steps in a select step. template: Return [attributes]
Filter: A filter step is used to return results from a previous step to which a certain condition applies. template: Return [#step] [condition]
Project: A project step should return certain attributes of the results of a previous step. template: Return [attributes] of [#step]
Aggregate: An aggregate step returns an aggregator function applied on a step's result. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step].
Group: A group step is an aggregator applied on attributes. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step] for each [attribute]
Superlative: A superlative step is used to return the result with a highest/lowest attribute among other results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [is] [highest / lowest]
Comparative: A comparative step is used when we need to compare an attribute with a number to filter results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [comparator] [number]
Union: A union step is used to return results of two steps together. template: Return [#step1] [or / ,] [#step2]
Intersection: An intersection step returns the result that two steps have in common. template: Return [attribute] of both [#step1] and [#step2]
Discard: A discard step returns result of a step and excludes result of another step from it. template: Return [#step1] besides [#step2]
Sort: A sort returns result of another step in a specific order. template: Return [#step1] [ordered / sorted by] [#step2]
Is true: An is true step checks a condition on another result and returns a true or false. template: Return [is / if] [condition]
Arithmetic: An arithmatic step operates an arithmatic operation on one or more steps. template: Return the [arithmetic op.] of [#step1] [and] [#step2].
Now complete the following example -
Input: #1 return boats
#2 return sails of #1
#3 return #2 that are up
#4 return number of #3 for each #1
#5 return #1 where #4 is equal to three
#6 return number of #5
#7 return if #6 is at least one.
Output:
|
If at least one boat has three sails up.
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task184_break_generate_question
|
train
|
Task definition: You will be given a context, a subject and a relation. Your task is to generate a question based on the subject and relation. The generated question should include the given subject. Try to use a minimum number of words that are not present in either context, subject or relation while generating question.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Context : Isaac Nicola Romero (1916 in Havana, Cuba -- 1997) was a prominent Cuban guitarist and one of the founders of the modern Cuban Guitar School.
Subject : Isaac Nicola
Relation : place of birth.
Output: What was Isaac Nicola's city of birth?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Context : Both Timur and Demir are popular male names in Turkey today.
Subject : Timur
Relation : noble title.
Output: What was the title that Timur held?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Hu Yadong (Chinese: 胡亚东) (Born October 3, 1968) is a female Chinese rower.
Subject : Hu Yadong
Relation : occupation.
Output:
|
What was Hu Yadong's occupation?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1325_qa_zre_question_generation_on_subject_relation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) the answer is unique, (iv) its answer is a continous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Sandra Bullock is one of the highest-profile actresses in Hollywood and also one of the world's most photographed moms. It's hard to pick up a tabloid that doesn't feature a photo of the Oscar-winner with her adopted 3-year-old son, Louis Bardot. And now Bullock is speaking out in support of a new law that increases penalties for paparazzi harassing the children of celebrities.
"We are fair game, I get it," Bullock told CNN at her handprint and footprint ceremony outside the TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on Wednesday. "Children should be allowed to be children and not be sold. You're taking a picture of a child and selling it!"
California Gov. Jerry Brown on Tuesday signed the bill, which increases the penalties for intentional harassment of a child because of their parents' employment.
The effort gained momentum after actresses Halle Berry and Jennifer Garner testified before the California Assembly Judiciary Committee in August to support the bill. The pair opened up about the hellish conditions faced by their children as a result of aggressive paparazzi.
Nicole Kidman knocked down by photog
Bullock commends the two on their fight.
"I think it's brilliant," she explains."The girls worked so hard, the attorney worked so hard, and I think it's a good sign."
According to a release from the governor's office, the new law "increases the maximum jail time for harassment of a child or ward because of the person's employment from six months in the county jail to a year in the county jail."
Output:
|
How many kids does Sandra Bullock have?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task917_coqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are presented with a term, a description of the term, and an expected answer ('yes' or 'no'). You should write a yes-no question about the given term such that the answer is the one provided to you (i.e., If the answer is "No", you should ask a question that its answer would be "No", and if the answer is "Yes", you should ask a question that its answer is "Yes". ). The question should have a definitive answer (as opposed to ambiguous or subjective questions, e.g., Is Batman a good movie?). Create a question such that its answer can not be found easily on a single web page (e.g., mentioned in a Wikipedia page). This can be accomplished if answering the question requires more than one fact (facts = statements that can be found on a Wikipedia page or Google). For example, answering the question 'did Aristotle use a laptop?', one needs the know about the invention of the laptop and the death of Aristotle. Avoid questions should not just compare the properties of objects (e.g., Is a door bigger than an elephant?) or those that refer to details in the given description.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Term: Unicode, Description: Character encoding standard, Answer:Yes.
Output:
|
Did Unicode originate before Donald trump became the president?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task167_strategyqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning).
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore in 1757. However, the war was decided in the south, where the British successfully defended Madras, and Sir Eyre Coote decisively defeated the French, commanded by Comte de Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandernagore and Pondichéry to France, and allowed the French to have "factories" in India but forbade French traders from administering them. The French agreed to support British client governments, thus ending French ambitions of an Indian empire and making the British the dominant foreign power in India.
Output: Which french settlement did the British capture first, Chandernagore or Pondicherry?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore in 1757. However, the war was decided in the south, where the British successfully defended Madras, and Sir Eyre Coote decisively defeated the French, commanded by Comte de Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of aris in 1763, which returned Chandernagore and Pondichéry to France, and allowed the French to have "factories" in India but forbade French traders from administering them. The French agreed to support British client governments, thus ending French ambitions of an Indian empire and making the British the dominant foreign power in India.
Output: How many years did the British fight with the French before signing the Treaty of Paris?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: It obtained city rights in 1163 from Count Philip of Flanders. The Battle of Nieuwpoort, between the Dutch and the Spanish, happened here in 1600. The city was a Dunkirker base. Painter Victor Boucquet made two of the altar-pieces for the great church in the 17th century. The city was occupied by French forces for six years between 1757 and 1763, as part of the conditions of the Second Treaty of Versailles between France and Austria. A large waterworks infrastructure project called the Ganzepoot was constructed in Nieuwpoort in the 19th century to drain the polders and channel water in and around the town and to the North Sea. During the Battle of the Yser, part of the First Battle of Ypres in World War I, Hendrik Geeraert opened the sluice gates on the mouth of the river Yser twice to flood the lower lying land, thus halting the German advance.
Output:
|
What happened to the city in 1757?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task026_drop_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not.
Output:
|
How much sales tax did Kerry owe on the yacht?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task074_squad1.1_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for the answer based on the given article.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Article: There are a lot of public libraries in Britain. These libraries have more than one hundred and fifteen million books, not including those libraries of public schools. Public libraries not only lend books, music records but also help children, patients in hospitals and others to get special play readings, film shows and so on. The first public libraries were founded in about the year 1850. Today's public libraries usually have a reading-room, a lending room and a reference room. The greatest and most famous library in Britain is that of the British Library in London. It was founded in 1973 and has over 10, 000, 000 books. It has nearly every magazine, newspaper and book published in Britain and other parts across the world.
Answer: 10,000,000 or less.
Output: How many books are there in the British Library?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Article: Every day when I enter the classroom, I will take a look at the wall beside my seat. You will find nothing special about this old wall if you just look at it. But for the students in my class, it is a special wall. Take a good look at it, and you will get to know the real feelings and thoughts of us, the 9th graders. In the middle of the wall, there is a big "VICTORY". It was written in pencil. I guess it must have been written by someone who got a good mark in an exam. A little higher above the formulas, there is a poem. It only has two sentences. It reads: All those sweet memories have disappeared. Like tears dropping in the heavy rain. Oh! It must have been written at the end of the last semester in middle school. Classmates had to leave school and good friends had to _ . What a sad poem! If you "explore" the wall more carefully, you will find many other interesting things, like a crying face, or a happy face, and other patterns . There are still some patterns and letters that I can't understand, but they all show the feeling of the students who drew them. For years, the wall has witnessed all the things that have happened in the classroom. I don't know how it will be next year, two years from now, or even ten years from now. But I hope more smiling faces will be drawn on it.
Answer: At the end of the last semester.
Output: When has the poem been written?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Article: For a long time, the traditional method of identifying liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person appears to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she look around the room? What about other nervous movements, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people--from parents to police officers and airport security personnel--depend on this method. But does a person's body and face reveal the truth? Not according to a new study. Talking, it seems, is the best way to smoke out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their investigation took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble--an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some of the agents used spoke conversation-based methods to question these make-believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person's body language, like lack of eye contact and showing signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study found that these conversation-based techniques can help you recognize when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly financed this study. The American Psychological (APA) published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, seemingly, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the "suspicious-signs method"--or using body language--"almost completely fails" in finding lies.
Answer: Communicate with researchers by talking.
Output:
|
What should volunteers in the investigation do?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task311_race_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Construct a question that every answer in the list is correct and reasonable for it.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: umbrella, sunscreen, sun hat, sunglasses, cover up, shade.
Output: at the beach, name something that might protect you from sun.
Positive Example 2 -
Input: bed, shower, tv, toilet, electricity, air conditioner, computer.
Output: after a week of camping, what luxury at home are you most excited to have again?
Now complete the following example -
Input: take a walk/leave, take deep breath, have a smoke, make up/apologize, count to 10.
Output:
|
name something specfic that people do to calm down after an argument.
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task821_protoqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Samuel M. Nabrit, (February 21, 1905 -- December 30, 2003) became the first African American to be awarded a doctoral degree from Brown University, the first Morehouse College graduate to earn a Ph.D. and the first African American appointed to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (now the Nuclear Regulatory Commission).
Answer : Brown University.
Output:
|
What is the university where Samuel M. Nabrit went?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1326_qa_zre_question_generation_from_answer
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: The herbicidal mode of action of flamprop-M-methyl [methyl N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-D-alaninate] was investigated.', 'For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used, which indicated a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides. Cytochemical fluorescence studies, which included monoclonal antibodies against polymerized tubulin, were applied to elucidate effects on mitosis and microtubule assembly in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 50 microM of flamprop-M-methyl, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells ceased within 4 h. The compound severely disturbed the orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, leading to defective spindle and phragmoblast structures. Cortical microtubules were only slightly affected. In late anaphase and early telophase cells, phragmoblast microtubules were disorganized in multiple arrays that hampered regular cell plate deposition in cytokinesis. Microtubules of the spindle apparatus were found attached to chromosomal kinetochores, but did not show regular organization associated with a zone of microtubule-organizing centres at the opposite ends of the cell. On account of this loss of spindle organization, chromosomes remained in a condensed state of prometaphase or metaphase. Unlike known microtubule disrupter herbicides, flamprop-M-methyl and its biologically active metabolite flamprop did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization to microtubules in vitro at 50 microM. In contrast, soybean plants responded sensitively to the compounds.
Output:
|
Does the herbicide flamprop-M-methyl have a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task847_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer.
Avoid questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. Avoid questions that have multiple answers.
For each of your questions the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph. The answer for each question should be unambiguous.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.
Output: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Context: The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.
Output: Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context: In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, "that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "We should all be feminists", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a TEDxEuston conference in April 2013, in her song "Flawless", released later that year. She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls.
Output:
|
Beyoncé used words from which Nigerian author in her song, Flawless?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task739_lhoestq_question_generation
|
validation
|
Task definition: You are given a concept, and a list of answers. You should generate a question about the concept that leads to the given answer(s).
Now complete the following example -
Input: concept: Vietnam answers: ['Single-party state', 'Communist state', 'Socialist state', 'Dictatorship']
Output:
|
what is the current government of vietnam?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1602_webquestion_question_genreation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving.
Output: How old is Will Hunting in the movie ?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving.
Output: What was Matt Damon's profession in the movie ?
Now complete the following example -
Input: After his mother overdoses on heroin, Joshua 'J' Cody is forced to move in with his estranged grandmother, Janine 'Smurf' Cody, the matriarch of a notorious Melbourne crime family. Also living with J's grandmother are her three sons, the Cody Boys. Her eldest son is an armed robber named Andrew 'Pope' Cody, and is in hiding from a group of renegade detectives. The middle brother, Craig, is a successful but volatile drug dealer, and youngest brother Darren follows the lead of his older brothers.J's uncle Craig takes J for a drive and is insulted at a set of traffic lights by a man in a neighbouring car. After handing J a handgun, Craig follows the man and his accomplice to an alley, where the car pulls up and the man gets out, attempting to provoke a fight between himself and Craig. Instead, Craig prompts J to get out of the car and scare off the assailant.Later, Pope's best friend and partner in crime Barry 'Baz' Brown goes to meet Pope at a shopping center claiming that he wishes to quit the robbery game and settle down with his family, suggesting that Pope join him and the pair take up stock investment. As Baz goes to leave, he is encountered by police. After telling the police that Pope has left, the police shoot Baz dead.The tension between the family and the Police explodes, and soon J is asked to steal a car and bring it to the middle of a road. J complies, and two policemen are drawn to the scene, where they are ambushed and killed by Pope and Darren.The next day, Pope, Darren and J are arrested and taken in for questioning where J meets Senior Police Officer Nathan Leckie (who also leads the armed robbery squad), who takes interest in J's situation and seeks to relieve him from it. The three are later released from custody.Later, J is arrested by Officer Leckie for underage drinking and is taken to a hotel for temporary housing. There, Leckie proposes that J be moved to a more permanent witness protection. J turns down the offer.The situation becomes more intense. As well as J himself, J's girlfriend becomes entangled in the war between the Codys and the police, and is eventually killed by Pope as Darren watches. This triggers the arrest of Pope and Darren, who are placed in prison.Meanwhile, Craig has escaped to a friend's house in regional Victoria, where he finds that he is being monitored. Despite an escape attempt, police arrive and kill Craig as he runs away.With Craig and Baz dead and Pope and Darren imprisoned, Smurf decides that "J needs to go", as he is the star witness in the murder case and indeed their armed robbery charges. Smurf uses her connections to procure J's address and organize a raid on that address where J will be shot and killed, but J escapes when he sees armed police heading for the building.J then returns to Smurf's house, saying that he "can't live like this", and that he wishes to help free Pope and Darren from prison. To do this, the family's lawyer sets up J's answers so that a hole can be formed in the case, forcing the release of the pair from prison. Directly following the court session, Leckie visits J, asking him if he had found his place in the world.After Pope and Darren's release, J returns to Smurf's home asking to stay. After Smurf lets him in, J goes to greet Pope and Darren before going to his room. Pope enters and begins to talk to him, but is cut off when J shoots him in the head. In the final shot of the film, J returns to the living room to embrace an uneasy Smurf.
Output:
|
Who does J shoot dead in the end?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task193_duorc_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Write an inquisitive question about a specific text span in a given sentence such that the answer is not in the text.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Sentence: Republican Party of Texas Chairman Steve Munisteri released a new statement , letting party members know that “ anyone carrying an openly exposed weapon will be asked to do so outside of the building . ” Concealed handgun license holders and peace officers may carry their concealed handguns inside during the convention .<sep>Span: Steve Munisteri.
Output:
|
Is he important?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task857_inquisitive_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million in the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. Long in conflict, the metropole nations declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into an intercontinental conflict.
Output: When was the French and Indian War?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million in the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. Long in conflict, the metropole nations declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into an intercontinental conflict.
Output: Who fought in the French and Indian war?
Now complete the following example -
Input: While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that possess a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes them from other animals within the same species. Modern dog breeds are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs.
Output:
|
Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task074_squad1.1_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for the answer based on the given article.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Article: There are a lot of public libraries in Britain. These libraries have more than one hundred and fifteen million books, not including those libraries of public schools. Public libraries not only lend books, music records but also help children, patients in hospitals and others to get special play readings, film shows and so on. The first public libraries were founded in about the year 1850. Today's public libraries usually have a reading-room, a lending room and a reference room. The greatest and most famous library in Britain is that of the British Library in London. It was founded in 1973 and has over 10, 000, 000 books. It has nearly every magazine, newspaper and book published in Britain and other parts across the world.
Answer: 10,000,000 or less.
Output: How many books are there in the British Library?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Article: Every day when I enter the classroom, I will take a look at the wall beside my seat. You will find nothing special about this old wall if you just look at it. But for the students in my class, it is a special wall. Take a good look at it, and you will get to know the real feelings and thoughts of us, the 9th graders. In the middle of the wall, there is a big "VICTORY". It was written in pencil. I guess it must have been written by someone who got a good mark in an exam. A little higher above the formulas, there is a poem. It only has two sentences. It reads: All those sweet memories have disappeared. Like tears dropping in the heavy rain. Oh! It must have been written at the end of the last semester in middle school. Classmates had to leave school and good friends had to _ . What a sad poem! If you "explore" the wall more carefully, you will find many other interesting things, like a crying face, or a happy face, and other patterns . There are still some patterns and letters that I can't understand, but they all show the feeling of the students who drew them. For years, the wall has witnessed all the things that have happened in the classroom. I don't know how it will be next year, two years from now, or even ten years from now. But I hope more smiling faces will be drawn on it.
Answer: At the end of the last semester.
Output: When has the poem been written?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Article: The financial crisis is reminding Americans of a lesson they first learned in childhood: Share and share alike. They are sharing or swapping tools and books, cars and handbags, time and talent. The renewed desire to share shows up in a variety of examples: A car-sharing service has had a 70 percent membership increase since the crisis occurred. Some companies encouraged his employees to take vanpooling. Governments are putting bikes on the street for public use. How-to-swap Web sites are increasing quickly. The economy reflects the way Americans have cut back, especially on daily items: Department store sales dropped 1.3 percent in June. People are not buying cars, and as a result, auto sales dropped 27.7 percent last month. They are not paying others to do what they can do themselves -- Home Depot reports increased attendance at in-store do-it-yourself clinics. And although paint sales are down in general, according to Sherwin-Williams, individual consumers are still buying. When Tom Burdett needed to cut some tiles at his home outside Annapolis, he refused to buy expensive tools. So he asked his neighbors and friends for help. Sure enough, someone had just what he needed. And when that friend needed help fixing a satellite dish, Burdett volunteered to help. The sharing mind-set is not new to the American culture, but many Americans give it up when the nation changed from an agricultural society to an industrial one, said Rosemary Hornak, a psychology professor at Meredith College in Raleigh, N.C. They moved farther from their families and did not have time to connect with new neighbors because they worked so much, she said. Neighborhood conversations tell more of the story as the movement grows organically in communities across the Washington region and the nation. On one street in Arlington, for example, neighbors are collecting their separate money for mulch and dividing it among themselves.
Answer: Sharing in the financial crisis.
Output:
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What is the text mainly about?
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niv2_question_generation
|
task311_race_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a statement, generate a question such that the answer is contained in that statement.
Now complete the following example -
Input: paleontologists study dinosaur skeletons.
Output:
|
What do paleontologists study?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1580_eqasc-perturbed_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the fill-in-the-blank question for this answer based on the given article. The blanks are always at the end of the question, and can be filled with more than one word or phrase.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Article: The word proactivity is fairly common in management literature, but you won't find it in the dictionary. It means that as a human being you take responsibility for your own life. Look at the word responsibility: ability to choose your response, response-ability. Effective people are proactive because they take responsibility. Their behavior is a product of their own decisions, based on values, rather than being a product of their own conditions, based on feelings.For instance, you are planning a picnic with your family.You're excited.You have all the preparations.You've decided where to go, and then it becomes stormy, killing your plan.Proactive people . They realize what their purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it's in their own basement with some special games, and make the best of that situation.The opposite of being proactive is to be reactive.Reactive people would say, "What's the use?" "We can't do anything." "Oh this is so upsetting after all of our preparations and arrangements." They try to persuade the people around them and usually the picnic will be cancelled. Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature. Your basic nature is to act, and not to be acted upon.That's true, despite widely accepted theories of determinism used to explain human nature. Determinism says that you don't really choose anything and that what you call choices are nothing more than automatic responses to outside conditions. The language of reactive people is like: " I can't." " Don't have time." " I have to." " I must." The whole spirit of that language is the transfer of responsibility.They think things are determined by their environment, or by their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup.Psychologically, people who believe they are determined will produce the evidence to support the belief, and they increasingly feel victimized and out of control.They're not in charge of their life at all. On the contrary, a proactive person exercises free will, the freedom to choose the response that best applies to his values.In that way, he gains control over the circumstances, rather than being controlled by them.
Answer: an inner belief.
Output:
|
According to the passage, a proactive person's behavior can result from _ .
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niv2_question_generation
|
task649_race_blank_question_generation
|
validation
|
Task definition: Formulate questions about the information mentioned in a given passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: context: A person is trying to move a a pile of balls, a pile of blocks, a pile of books, and a pile of rice from one side of a room to the other using only one hand.
Output:
|
What are the things that the person is trying to move?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task859_prost_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given an open-ended topic (movie name, a persons name, an event, sports, etc) generate a simple trivia-type question.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: 1968 winter olympics.
Output: Which Frenchman won the Alpine triple-crown at the 1968 Winter Olympics?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: 10 things i hate about you.
Output: The 1999 film 10 Things I Hate About You is based on which Shakespeare play?
Now complete the following example -
Input: caucasus mountains.
Output:
|
Which is the highest peak in the Caucasus Mountains?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task897_freebase_qa_topic_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are presented with a term, a description of the term, and an expected answer ('yes' or 'no'). You should write a yes-no question about the given term such that the answer is the one provided to you (i.e., If the answer is "No", you should ask a question that its answer would be "No", and if the answer is "Yes", you should ask a question that its answer is "Yes". ). The question should have a definitive answer (as opposed to ambiguous or subjective questions, e.g., Is Batman a good movie?). Create a question such that its answer can not be found easily on a single web page (e.g., mentioned in a Wikipedia page). This can be accomplished if answering the question requires more than one fact (facts = statements that can be found on a Wikipedia page or Google). For example, answering the question 'did Aristotle use a laptop?', one needs the know about the invention of the laptop and the death of Aristotle. Avoid questions should not just compare the properties of objects (e.g., Is a door bigger than an elephant?) or those that refer to details in the given description.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Term: Cooking oil, Description: Oil consumed by humans, from vegetable or animal origin., Answer:No.
Output: Can all types of cooking oil be poured?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Term: Aristotle, Description: Philosopher in ancient Greece., Answer:No.
Output: Did Aristotle use a laptop?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Term: Porsche, Description: automotive brand manufacturing subsidiary of Volkswagen, Answer:No.
Output:
|
Did Ferdinand Porsche hold a triple citizenship?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task167_strategyqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: I submitted the hit. The hit was approved, and then I was paid.
Output: What happened after I submitted the hit?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: Heavy snow is causing disruption to transport across the UK, with heavy rainfall bringing flooding to the south-west of England. Rescuers searching for a woman trapped in a landslide at her home in Looe, Cornwall, said they had found a body.
Output: What event has started?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: Referring to promises made to reduce the tax burden on restaurants and hotels, Villepin told the French National Assembly (parliament): "A commitment was taken by the president of the Republic by my predecessor (Jean-Pierre Raffarin) and I will fight to ensure it is honoured." He added: "The (French) government wants to get an overall agreement on reduced rates of VAT because it is for us about creating jobs and defending the purchasing power of French people."
Output:
|
What happened before Villepin told the parliament about the commitment?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
|
validation
|
Task definition: Given an open-ended topic (movie name, a persons name, an event, sports, etc) generate a simple trivia-type question.
Now complete the following example -
Input: moonlighting.
Output:
|
Which famous film actor once played the detective David Addison on television?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task897_freebase_qa_topic_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning).
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: In 1656, the first successful iron works in Plymouth Colony was established on the Two Mile River, in what is now part of Raynham. The Taunton Iron Works operated for over 200 years until 1876. It was the first of many iron industries in Taunton. During the 19th century, Taunton became known as the "Silver City", as it was home to many silversmithing operations, including Reed & Barton, F.B. Rogers, and Poole Silver. In the 19th century, Taunton was also the center of an important iron-making industry, utilizing much bog iron from the numerous swamps in the surrounding area. The iron industry in Taunton produced a variety of goods including stoves , tacks and machinery. One of the more successful companies during this period was the Mason Machine Works, founded by William Mason, which produced machinery for the textile industry, as well as steam locomotives. The Taunton Locomotive Works also operated in the city during this time. Taunton was also home to several textile mills and other industries, such as felt and brick making. During the 19th century, Taunton was a major shipping point for grain from the inland rural farm areas of Massachusetts to the rest of the nation via Weir Village and the Taunton River. With the advent of the railroad, Taunton would also become an important transportation hub due to its central location. The city formed the Taunton Municipal Light Plant in 1897, when it decided to purchase the floundering Taunton Electric Lighting Company, making it a publicly owned electric utility. Today, TMLP provides electric service to 34,000 customers in Taunton, Berkley, Raynham, and sections of Dighton, Lakeville and Bridgewater. TMLP is governed by a three-member Board of Commissioners, which is elected by the citizens of Taunton.
Output:
|
How many silversmithing operations were mentioned in Taunton?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task026_drop_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.
Output:
|
What did many people in Germany still want to do?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task074_squad1.1_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Now complete the following example -
Input: The temperature in a supernova can reach 1,000,000,000 °C.
Output:
|
If super nova could be explained as a temperature what would it be?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are given an answer, and your task is to generate a reasonable question for that answer.
Now complete the following example -
Input: I was successful in my interview.
Output:
|
You get that job?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task568_circa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a statement, generate a question such that the answer is contained in that statement.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Water must not be polluted to be safe.
Output:
|
What must not be polluted to be safe?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1580_eqasc-perturbed_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million in the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. Long in conflict, the metropole nations declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into an intercontinental conflict.
Output: When was the French and Indian War?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million in the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. Long in conflict, the metropole nations declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into an intercontinental conflict.
Output: Who fought in the French and Indian war?
Now complete the following example -
Input: In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the Korean Peninsula". The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses were also found. "In 2002, researchers discovered prehistoric earthenware, jade earrings, among other items in the area". The research team will perform accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating to retrieve a more precise date for the site.
Output:
|
What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task074_squad1.1_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: The film depicts a future in which human beings, known as "Oms" (a word play on the French-language word hommes, meaning men), have been brought by the giant Draags to the Draags' home planet, where they are kept as pets (with collars). The Draags are an alien race which is humanoid in shape but a hundred times larger than humans, with blue skin, fan-like earlobes and huge, protruding red eyes. The Draags also live much longer than human beings one Draag week equals a human year. Some Oms are domesticated as pets, but others run wild, and are periodically exterminated. The Draags' treatment of the Oms is ironically contrasted with their high level of technological and spiritual development.The story opens with a woman running, occasionally looking behind her as if pursued. An enormous hand descends and blocks her way. She runs back the way she came and finds her way blocked by another hand. It becomes apparent that she is being toyed with by entities that do not appreciate her fragility, and as she dies, the infant she has been carrying and attempting to protect begins to cry.The view changes to reveal the Draag children who have accidentally killed the woman; they leave quickly when an adult Draag and child approach. The child voices concern for the orphaned infant, and the two take the child to their home. Tiva (the Draag child) names the infant Terr (word play on "terrible", same spelling in French; also a homophone for the French "Terre", meaning Earth). Her father, whom the adult Terr voice-over explains is master Sinh, the Draag great Aedile, attaches a collar capable of physically dragging Terr back from mischief, and over the next several scenes, their relationships develop.Terr witnesses the parents seemingly ingesting food by inhaling it from a device. After changing Terr's costume as one would a doll's, Tiva uses makeup to give herself a more Om-like appearance. When Terr impishly trades dark pigment for light, Tiva blows some of the powder on him. Tiva uses a tiny indoor weather-maker to cause a small storm cloud to form over Terr and chase him around the dwelling. Tiva takes Terr for a walk, and then teaches him how, under certain circumstances, crystals will form on stationary objects, including standing bipeds. She also teaches him that whistling will shatter the crystals. Terr happens upon master Sinh as he and several compatriots are melding in a ritual, and it is revealed that many Draag children have Oms like Terr when they convene to watch their respective Oms interact.Tiva's education is supplied by the use of a headset that transmits knowledge directly into the brain of the user. Because she enjoys having Terr in her hand when she is having her "infos," Terr begins to acquire their knowledge.Meanwhile, at the seat of government, Draag Councilors discuss whether the regular extermination of the wild Oms is sufficient to keep their numbers at an acceptable level. It is revealed that Oms were first found on a planet that retained some evidence of structured life, but the images seem to reveal that Earth was in a post-apocalyptic state at the time.Terr decides to escape, and to take the headset with him. He does not get very far before Tiva realizes he is missing, and her mother tells her to use her bracelet to bring him back. Terr finds himself suddenly being dragged backward by the collar. Only the headset becoming entangled in plants allows a wild female Om to come to his rescue before he is choked by the collar or dragged all the way back.When Terr explains that the headset contains the knowledge of the Draags but he doesn't know where to go with it, his unnamed rescuer takes him to her tribe, who live in a tree in a walled park. When it is demonstrated that Terr can read Draag script, the leader (known only as "Mighty One") is willing to accept Terr into the tribe, but the Wizard is not, and demands a trial by combat to the death. Terr and the Wizard's champion have child.
Output:
|
What color are the Draags?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task470_mrqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: I submitted the hit. The hit was approved, and then I was paid.
Output: What happened after I submitted the hit?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: Heavy snow is causing disruption to transport across the UK, with heavy rainfall bringing flooding to the south-west of England. Rescuers searching for a woman trapped in a landslide at her home in Looe, Cornwall, said they had found a body.
Output: What event has started?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: The alliance at the time did not provide information on casualties, saying that toll was being assessed. "According to intelligence reports, we've killed 30 Taliban including some of their commanders," Kandahar governor Asadullah Khalid told a news conference on Sunday, four days after the raid.
Output:
|
What will happen in the future?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Frankenstein, a young student, is seen bidding his sweetheart and father goodbye, as he is leaving home to enter a college in order to study the sciences. Shortly after his arrival at college he becomes absorbed in the mysteries of life and death to the extent of forgetting practically everything else.The MonsterHis great ambition is to create a human being, and finally one night his dream is realized. He is convinced that he has found a way to create a most perfect human being that the world has ever seen. We see his experiment commence and the development of it in a vat of chemicals from a skeletal being. To Frankenstein's horror, instead of creating a marvel of physical beauty and grace, there is unfolded before his eyes and before the audience an awful, ghastly, abhorrent monster. As he realizes what he has done Frankenstein rushes from the room as the monster moves through the doors Frankenstein has placed before the vat. The misshapen monster peers at Frankenstein through the curtains of his bed. He falls fainting to the floor, where he is found by his servant, who revives him.Charles Stanton Ogle played the Monster.After a few weeks' illness, he returns home, a broken, weary man, but under the loving care of father and sweetheart he regains his health and strength and begins to take a less morbid view of life. The film's story emphasizes that the creation of the monster was possible only because his normal mind was overcome by evil and unnatural thoughts. His marriage is soon to take place. But one evening, while sitting in his library, he chances to glance in the mirror before him and sees the reflection of the monster which has just opened the door of his room. All the terror of the past comes over him and, fearing lest his sweetheart should learn the truth, he bids the monster conceal himself behind the curtain while he hurriedly induces his sweetheart, who then comes in, to stay only a moment. The monster, who is following his creator with the devotion of a dog, is insanely jealous of anyone else. He snatches from Frankenstein's coat the rose which his sweetheart has given him, and in the struggle throws Frankenstein to the floor, here the monster looks up and for the first time confronts his own reflection in the mirror. Appalled and horrified at his own image he flees in terror from the room. Not being able, however to live apart from his creator, he again comes to the house on the wedding night and, searching for the cause of his jealousy, goes into the bride's room. Frankenstein coming into the main room hears a shriek of terror, which is followed a moment after by his bride rushing in and falling in a faint at his feet. The monster then enters and after overpowering Frankenstein's feeble efforts by a slight exercise of his gigantic strength leaves the house.The film's most well-known shotWhen Frankenstein's love for his bride has attained full strength and freedom from impurity, it will have such an effect upon his mind that the monster will not exist. The monster, broken down by his unsuccessful attempts to be with his creator, enters the room, stands before a large mirror and holds out his arms entreatingly. Gradually, the real monster fades away, leaving only the image in the mirror. A moment later Frankenstein himself enters. As he stands directly before the mirror he sees the image of the monster reflected instead of his own. Gradually, however, under the effect of love and his better nature, the monster's image fades and Frankenstein sees himself in his young manhood in the mirror. His bride joins him, and the film ends with their embrace, Frankenstein's mind now being relieved of the awful horror and weight it has been laboring under for so long.
Output:
|
Question: Who wrote the classic novel which the move is an adaptation of?, Answer: <No Answer>
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task182_duorc_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Now complete the following example -
Input: Background Paragraph: Leucism (/ˈluːsɪzəm, -kɪz-/)[1][2][3] is a condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation in an animal resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales or cuticle, but not the eyes.[3] It is occasionally spelled leukism. Unlike albinism, it is caused by a reduction in multiple types of pigment, not just melanin.
Story: There is a strange phenomenon going on in Siberia. Biologist noticed that 60 percent of the Siberian Tigers have leucism, and another 40 percent have albinism. They labeled the first group as group A and the latter one as group B. They need to find the reasons for this phenomenon.
Output:
|
Which group would only have reduced melanin, group A or group B?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Questions are gathered from anonymized, aggregated queries to the Google search engine. Queries that are likely to be yes/no questions are heuristically identified: we found selecting queries where the first word is in a manually constructed set of indicator words and are of sufficient length, to be effective.
Questions are only kept if a Wikipedia page is returned as one of the first five results, in which case the question and Wikipedia page are given to a human annotator for further processing.
Annotators label question/article pairs in a three-step process. First, they decide if the question is good, meaning it is comprehensible, unambiguous, and requesting factual information. This judgment is made before the annotator sees the Wikipedia page. Next, for good questions, annotators find a passage within the document that contains enough information to answer the question. Annotators can mark questions as “not answerable" if the Wikipedia article does not contain the requested information. Finally, annotators mark whether the question's answer is “yes" or “no". Annotating data in this manner is quite expensive since annotators need to search entire Wikipedia documents for relevant evidence and read the text carefully.
Output: how was the dataset built?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Using this annotation model, we create a new large publicly available dataset of English tweets.
Output: In what language are the tweets?
Now complete the following example -
Input: First, we simply calculate the average unique predictions produced by both INLINEFORM0 and INLINEFORM1 in experiments shown in Section SECREF36 .
Output:
|
What two metrics are proposed?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task461_qasper_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You will be given a context, a subject and a relation. Your task is to generate a question based on the subject and relation. The generated question should include the given subject. Try to use a minimum number of words that are not present in either context, subject or relation while generating question.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Context : Isaac Nicola Romero (1916 in Havana, Cuba -- 1997) was a prominent Cuban guitarist and one of the founders of the modern Cuban Guitar School.
Subject : Isaac Nicola
Relation : place of birth.
Output: What was Isaac Nicola's city of birth?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Context : Both Timur and Demir are popular male names in Turkey today.
Subject : Timur
Relation : noble title.
Output: What was the title that Timur held?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Terang Boelan ((təˈraŋ buˈlan); Indonesian for ``Full Moon'', Terang Bulan in the Perfected Spelling System) is a 1937 film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
Subject : Terang Boelan
Relation : director.
Output:
|
The film Terang Boelan was directed by who?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1325_qa_zre_question_generation_on_subject_relation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: In 1582 the united provinces invited francis, duke of anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take antwerp in 1583, the duke left the netherlands again. after the assassination of william of orange (10 july 1584), both henry iii of france and elizabeth i of england declined the offer of sovereignty. however, the latter agreed to turn the united provinces into a protectorate of england (treaty of nonsuch, 1585), and sent the earl of leicester as governor-general. this was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. the union of utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the republic of the seven united provinces, which was not recognized by the spanish empire until the peace of westphalia in 1648.
Output: In what year did francis, duke of anjou leave the netherlands?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Three years ago tuesday, leslie marva adams, an attractive, 40-year-old hair stylist from atlanta, georgia, chatted on the phone with her mother in the morning. leslie adams, 40, filed a restraining order against an old boyfriend and disappeared three years ago. it was the last conversation she would have with a family member. on the third anniversary of adams' disappearance, her family is still waiting for answers. her daughter, cierra burk, 19, clings to the belief that adams is alive. 'we will find her,' burk says. the family became concerned when adams failed to show up for her sister's birthday party the day after she talked on the phone with her mother. two days after the missed party, adams was officially reported missing. at her apartment in suburban lilburn, police found evidence suggesting foul play -- a 12-inch blood stain near her bed and a .45-caliber bullet casing. adams' car was parked in her driveway and a handwritten note was found on her door. investigators soon learned the note was from her sister, roberta. it said, 'leslie, we're worried about you, please call me as soon as possible.' watch how the mystery began with a missed party ' adams had been having trouble with her ex-boyfriend, billy joe cook, in the days leading up to her disappearance. she had accused him of stalking her and had filed a restraining order. in the court document, she alleged that cook had verbally and physically abused her. she said she feared for her life. a temporary restraining order was granted by the court, but adams vanished before a scheduled hearing on the matter. phyllis adams said her daughter told her in their final conversation that she had argued with cook over the phone on the previous day. according to the temporary restraining order, cook was not to have any contact with adams. police brought cook in for questioning and learned he had spoken to adams on the phone twice the day before she last spoke to her family. although he was questioned extensively, police have not named cook a suspect. police say he was very cooperative and there is no evidence suggesting his involvement in her disappearance, although they have not ruled him or anyone else out as a potential suspect or person of interest. just when they thought the trail had gone cold, police found what could be a lead in the case. in may 2007, clothing was recovered that could belong to the missing hair-dresser. police found a pair of men's size 8 reebok sneakers, size 10 capri pants, and a black sweater in the woods along i-85 in franklin county, 90 miles from adams' home in atlanta. they also discovered human bones and a breast implant near the clothing. police have sent the remains to a dna testing lab and they have yet to be identified. the results are inconclusive, and police continue to collect dna samples from adams family members for future tests. leslie marva adams is an african-american female who stands 5 feet 5 inches, weighs 130 pounds, and has breast implants. family members fear the remains could be leslie adams, but they are still hopeful that she will be found alive and well. burk, adams' daughter, says she struggles with her emotions at this time of year. 'i still believe she is alive and we will find her, but this time of year is very hard,' she said, fighting the tears. 'it's my aunt's birthday, the day my mom didn't show up and we never saw her again, so it's hard not to break down.' police and family urge anyone with information on the whereabouts of leslie adams to call the gwinett county police department at (770) 513-5300. there is a $25,000 reward for information that helps locate leslie adams or leads to the arrest of the person responsible for her disappearance.
Output: When did leslie marva adams disappear?
Now complete the following example -
Input: The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton.
Output:
|
What body of water was Boston next to?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task470_mrqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are presented with a term, a description of the term, and an expected answer ('yes' or 'no'). You should write a yes-no question about the given term such that the answer is the one provided to you (i.e., If the answer is "No", you should ask a question that its answer would be "No", and if the answer is "Yes", you should ask a question that its answer is "Yes". ). The question should have a definitive answer (as opposed to ambiguous or subjective questions, e.g., Is Batman a good movie?). Create a question such that its answer can not be found easily on a single web page (e.g., mentioned in a Wikipedia page). This can be accomplished if answering the question requires more than one fact (facts = statements that can be found on a Wikipedia page or Google). For example, answering the question 'did Aristotle use a laptop?', one needs the know about the invention of the laptop and the death of Aristotle. Avoid questions should not just compare the properties of objects (e.g., Is a door bigger than an elephant?) or those that refer to details in the given description.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Term: Jennifer Lawrence, Description: American actress, Answer:Yes.
Output:
|
Is Jennifer Lawrence's middle name similar to the name of a Scorsese collaborator?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task167_strategyqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are given an answer, and your task is to generate a reasonable question for that answer.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: My stomach will be upset if i eat that.
Output: Do you like pineapple on your pizza?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: I forget that people are watching and go for it when I hear a good song.
Output: Do you like to dance to music?
Now complete the following example -
Input: It has limited flexibility.
Output:
|
Are your work hours flexible?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task568_circa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a concept, and a list of answers. You should generate a question about the concept that leads to the given answer(s).
Positive Example 1 -
Input: concept: Cleveland Ohio answers: ['North American Eastern Time Zone']
Output: what time zone am i in cleveland ohio?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: concept: Draco Malfoy answers: ['Astoria Greengrass']
Output: who did draco malloy end up marrying?
Now complete the following example -
Input: concept: Jacob Black answers: ['Taylor Lautner']
Output:
|
who played jacob black?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1602_webquestion_question_genreation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are presented with a term, a description of the term, and an expected answer ('yes' or 'no'). You should write a yes-no question about the given term such that the answer is the one provided to you (i.e., If the answer is "No", you should ask a question that its answer would be "No", and if the answer is "Yes", you should ask a question that its answer is "Yes". ). The question should have a definitive answer (as opposed to ambiguous or subjective questions, e.g., Is Batman a good movie?). Create a question such that its answer can not be found easily on a single web page (e.g., mentioned in a Wikipedia page). This can be accomplished if answering the question requires more than one fact (facts = statements that can be found on a Wikipedia page or Google). For example, answering the question 'did Aristotle use a laptop?', one needs the know about the invention of the laptop and the death of Aristotle. Avoid questions should not just compare the properties of objects (e.g., Is a door bigger than an elephant?) or those that refer to details in the given description.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Term: Double-slit experiment, Description: Physics experiment, showing light can be modelled by both waves and particles, Answer:Yes.
Output:
|
Can a minor replicate the double-slit experiment?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task167_strategyqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: In 1582 the united provinces invited francis, duke of anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take antwerp in 1583, the duke left the netherlands again. after the assassination of william of orange (10 july 1584), both henry iii of france and elizabeth i of england declined the offer of sovereignty. however, the latter agreed to turn the united provinces into a protectorate of england (treaty of nonsuch, 1585), and sent the earl of leicester as governor-general. this was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. the union of utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the republic of the seven united provinces, which was not recognized by the spanish empire until the peace of westphalia in 1648.
Output: In what year did francis, duke of anjou leave the netherlands?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Three years ago tuesday, leslie marva adams, an attractive, 40-year-old hair stylist from atlanta, georgia, chatted on the phone with her mother in the morning. leslie adams, 40, filed a restraining order against an old boyfriend and disappeared three years ago. it was the last conversation she would have with a family member. on the third anniversary of adams' disappearance, her family is still waiting for answers. her daughter, cierra burk, 19, clings to the belief that adams is alive. 'we will find her,' burk says. the family became concerned when adams failed to show up for her sister's birthday party the day after she talked on the phone with her mother. two days after the missed party, adams was officially reported missing. at her apartment in suburban lilburn, police found evidence suggesting foul play -- a 12-inch blood stain near her bed and a .45-caliber bullet casing. adams' car was parked in her driveway and a handwritten note was found on her door. investigators soon learned the note was from her sister, roberta. it said, 'leslie, we're worried about you, please call me as soon as possible.' watch how the mystery began with a missed party ' adams had been having trouble with her ex-boyfriend, billy joe cook, in the days leading up to her disappearance. she had accused him of stalking her and had filed a restraining order. in the court document, she alleged that cook had verbally and physically abused her. she said she feared for her life. a temporary restraining order was granted by the court, but adams vanished before a scheduled hearing on the matter. phyllis adams said her daughter told her in their final conversation that she had argued with cook over the phone on the previous day. according to the temporary restraining order, cook was not to have any contact with adams. police brought cook in for questioning and learned he had spoken to adams on the phone twice the day before she last spoke to her family. although he was questioned extensively, police have not named cook a suspect. police say he was very cooperative and there is no evidence suggesting his involvement in her disappearance, although they have not ruled him or anyone else out as a potential suspect or person of interest. just when they thought the trail had gone cold, police found what could be a lead in the case. in may 2007, clothing was recovered that could belong to the missing hair-dresser. police found a pair of men's size 8 reebok sneakers, size 10 capri pants, and a black sweater in the woods along i-85 in franklin county, 90 miles from adams' home in atlanta. they also discovered human bones and a breast implant near the clothing. police have sent the remains to a dna testing lab and they have yet to be identified. the results are inconclusive, and police continue to collect dna samples from adams family members for future tests. leslie marva adams is an african-american female who stands 5 feet 5 inches, weighs 130 pounds, and has breast implants. family members fear the remains could be leslie adams, but they are still hopeful that she will be found alive and well. burk, adams' daughter, says she struggles with her emotions at this time of year. 'i still believe she is alive and we will find her, but this time of year is very hard,' she said, fighting the tears. 'it's my aunt's birthday, the day my mom didn't show up and we never saw her again, so it's hard not to break down.' police and family urge anyone with information on the whereabouts of leslie adams to call the gwinett county police department at (770) 513-5300. there is a $25,000 reward for information that helps locate leslie adams or leads to the arrest of the person responsible for her disappearance.
Output: When did leslie marva adams disappear?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in industrialized countries and the source of a growing number of cases of diarrhea in the community. The outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of CDI in some countries. Although CDI usually courses as a mild diarrhea it can lead to severe forms such as toxic megacolon or septic shock. One of every 2 episodes of CDI is not diagnosed in Spanish hospitals due to a lack of clinical suspicion or the use of insensitive diagnostic methods. The diagnostic techniques of choice are algorithms based on the detection of glutamate dehydrogenase and molecular detection of the genes of the toxins with or without the direct detection of the toxins. The recommended treatment for CDI depends on the type of infection and the characteristics of the patient.
Output:
|
Which main ribotype of Clostridium difficile is responsible of the recent outbreak?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task470_mrqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Optical mice use an LED and a camera to rapidly
capture images of the surface beneath the mouse.
The infomation from the camera is analyzed by a
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and used to detect
imperfections in the underlying surface and
determine motion. Some materials, such as glass,
mirrors or other very shiny, uniform surfaces
interfere with the ability of the DSP to
accurately analyze the surface beneath the mouse.
\nSince glass is transparent and very uniform, the
mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in
the underlying surface to determine motion.
Mirrored surfaces are also a problem, since they
constantly reflect back the same image, causing
the DSP not to recognize motion properly. When the
system is unable to see surface changes associated
with movement, the mouse will not work properly.
Output: why doesn't an optical mouse work on a glass
table?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Trans fats occur in manufactured foods during the
process of partial hydrogenation, when hydrogen
gas is bubbled through vegetable oil to increase
shelf life and stabilize the original
polyunsatured oil. The resulting fat is similar to
saturated fat, which raises "bad" LDL cholesterol
and can lead to clogged arteries and heart
disease. \nUntil very recently, food labels were
not required to list trans fats, and this health
risk remained hidden to consumers. In early July,
FDA regulations changed, and food labels will soon
begin identifying trans fat content in processed
foods.
Output: What is Trans Fat? How to reduce that?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Sears (back then Sears and Roebuck's) published a large catelog in the late 1800's and it's most popular use was for TP. Prior to that a de-kernaled corn-cob - soaked to soften was used (length wise) and prior to that leaves, grass, etc. - prior to that - well watch a dog (nothing)
Output:
|
What did we use before toilet paper?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be shown a conversation. You need to write a question with three choices for the conversation. Your question should be answerable based on the conversation and only have one correct answer. Note that you don't need to answer your question. "W" and "M" in the conversations stand for "woman" and "man".
Now complete the following example -
Input: M: Why did you come to the meeting late? W: Late?I think I'm on time. M: Didn't your roommate tell you about the time change?I left a message with her this morning. W: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.
Output:
|
What does the woman imply? (A) Her roommate is unreliable about delivering messages. (B) Her roommate was unable to attend the meeting. (C) The woman forgot about the time change.
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task246_dream_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.
Now complete the following example -
Input: While BERT-QC achieves large gains over existing methods on the ARC dataset, here we demonstrate that BERT-QC also matches state-of-the-art performance on TREC BIBREF6 , while surpassing state-of-the-art performance on the GARD corpus of consumer health questions BIBREF3 and MLBioMedLAT corpus of biomedical questions BIBREF4 .
Output:
|
Which datasets are used for evaluation?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task461_qasper_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Bee Movie is a 2007 American computer animated family comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures.1 It stars Jerry Seinfeld and Renée Zellweger.
Answer : DreamWorks Animation.
Output:
|
What production company was involved in Bee Movie?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1326_qa_zre_question_generation_from_answer
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Output: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), a liver enriched enzyme, is responsible for approximately one third of hepatic phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), Pemt(-/-) mice are protected from HF-induced obesity; however, they develop steatohepatitis. The vagus nerve relays signals between liver and brain that regulate peripheral adiposity and pancreas function. Here we explore a possible role of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in the development of diet induced obesity and steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice. 8-week old Pemt(-/-) and Pemt(+/+) mice were subjected to hepatic vagotomy (HV) or capsaicin treatment, which selectively disrupts afferent nerves, and were compared to sham-operated or vehicle-treatment, respectively. After surgery, mice were fed a HFD for 10 weeks. HV abolished the protection against the HFD-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in Pemt(-/-) mice. HV normalized phospholipid content and prevented steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice. Moreover, HV increased the hepatic anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, reduced chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and the ER stress marker C/EBP homologous protein. Furthermore, HV normalized the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins and of proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in Pemt(-/-) mice. However, disruption of the hepatic afferent vagus nerve by capsaicin failed to reverse either the protection against the HFD-induced obesity or the development of HF-induced steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice.
Output: Does vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Nutritional depletion has been correlated with low plasma and mucosal glutamine concentrations and with increased intestinal permeability. Since nutritional depletion often is associated with (chronic) inflammatory stress, this study was designed to establish the influence of depletion and inflammation on glutamine concentrations and gut barrier function.', 'Anthropometric parameters were calculated from 26 patients who required artificial nutrition. Glutamine concentrations in plasma and gut mucosa, gut permeability and mucosal morphology were assessed. For determination of the degree of inflammation erythrocyte sedimentation rates and (pre)albumin concentrations were measured. On the basis of these parameters patients were divided into two groups having significant inflammatory stress or not. Similarly, a depleted and a non-depleted group was formed based on percentage ideal body weight, fat-free mass index (FFMI) and percentage weight loss. Glutamine concentrations, gut permeability and villus morphology were compared between the groups.', 'The presence of inflammatory activity had significant negative effects on glutamine concentrations in contrast to the presence or absence of nutritional depletion. Similarly, intestinal permeability increased during active inflammation but not in depleted patients. FFMI but not inflammation was related to villus height.
Output:
|
Does inflammation rather than nutritional depletion determine glutamine concentrations and intestinal permeability?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task847_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be shown a passage. You need to write a fill-in-the-gap question based on your understanding of the events that might be inferred from the passage. Your question should be answerable based on the passage and only have one correct answer. Show the gap in your question with a _ .
Now complete the following example -
Input: Washington (CNN) Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump are better at beating themselves than each other. They're not just the most unpopular presidential nominees in recent memory: In the epic drama of the 2016 election, they're also tarnished heroes who are perpetually humbled by their own self-defeating flaws. The rivals, playing out their tragicomic duel on the grandest electoral stage, are like two Shakespearean protagonists falling prey to hubris, the excessive pride that can make a politician believe the rules that govern normal mortals do not apply to them. Clinton's penchant for secrecy and distaste for disclosure have been the common theme in the deepest morasses of her long political career. Trump's overwhelming ego and self-obsession are at the root of the most damaging controversies that have raged around his wild presidential campaign.Right now, it's Clinton who's strugglingTrump, however, is also a master of self-immolation.
Output:
|
Since he descended the golden escalator in Trump Tower last year to jump into the race, it's been all about _: his wealth, how smart he is, which famous people he knows, and -- until his fortunes took a dive -- his poll numbers.
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task301_record_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be given a passage consisting of set of facts. The task is to create a question of form 'Where is <person_name>?' that is answerable from exactly one of the given facts. Avoid creating questions that are unanswerable from all of the facts.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: John went back to the bathroom. Mary travelled to the bathroom.
Output:
|
Where is John?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task082_babi_t1_single_supporting_fact_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Property tax -- Property tax or 'house tax' is a local tax on buildings, along with appurtenant land. It is and imposed on the Possessor (not the custodian of property as per 1978, 44th amendment of constitution). It resembles the US-type wealth tax and differs from the excise-type UK rate. The tax power is vested in the states and is delegated to local bodies, specifying the valuation method, rate band, and collection procedures. The tax base is the annual rental value (ARV) or area-based rating. Owner-occupied and other properties not producing rent are assessed on cost and then converted into ARV by applying a percentage of cost, usually four percent. Vacant land is generally exempt. Central government properties are exempt. Instead a 'service charge' is permissible under executive order. Properties of foreign missions also enjoy tax exemption without requiring reciprocity. The tax is usually accompanied by service taxes, e.g., water tax, drainage tax, conservancy (sanitation) tax, lighting tax, all using the same tax base. The rate structure is flat on rural (panchayat) properties, but in the urban (municipal) areas it is mildly progressive with about 80% of assessments falling in the first two brackets.
Output: is house tax and property tax are same.
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Parity (mathematics) -- In mathematics, parity is the property of an integer's inclusion in one of two categories: even or odd. An integer is even if it is evenly divisible by two and odd if it is not even. For example, 6 is even because there is no remainder when dividing it by 2. By contrast, 3, 5, 7, 21 leave a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Examples of even numbers include −4, 0, 82 and 178. In particular, zero is an even number. Some examples of odd numbers are −5, 3, 29, and 73.
Output: can an odd number be divided by an even number.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway -- Since its thirteenth series in 2016, the show has aired its series finale outside of the UK - in 2017, Saturday Night Takeaway became the first UK show to be aired live from Walt Disney World, which it repeated again in 2018 for its series finale being aired live from Universal Orlando. On 3 March 2018, the show celebrated its 100th episode, while the penultimate episode of the fifteenth series on 31 March was the final one to be aired from The London Studios, before the studio's closure for redevelopment as had been announced in February 2017. Starting from the sixteenth series, the programme will be aired from the newly redeveloped Television Centre.
Output:
|
saturday night takeaway is it the last series
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1660_super_glue_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Optical mice use an LED and a camera to rapidly
capture images of the surface beneath the mouse.
The infomation from the camera is analyzed by a
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and used to detect
imperfections in the underlying surface and
determine motion. Some materials, such as glass,
mirrors or other very shiny, uniform surfaces
interfere with the ability of the DSP to
accurately analyze the surface beneath the mouse.
\nSince glass is transparent and very uniform, the
mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in
the underlying surface to determine motion.
Mirrored surfaces are also a problem, since they
constantly reflect back the same image, causing
the DSP not to recognize motion properly. When the
system is unable to see surface changes associated
with movement, the mouse will not work properly.
Output: why doesn't an optical mouse work on a glass
table?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Trans fats occur in manufactured foods during the
process of partial hydrogenation, when hydrogen
gas is bubbled through vegetable oil to increase
shelf life and stabilize the original
polyunsatured oil. The resulting fat is similar to
saturated fat, which raises "bad" LDL cholesterol
and can lead to clogged arteries and heart
disease. \nUntil very recently, food labels were
not required to list trans fats, and this health
risk remained hidden to consumers. In early July,
FDA regulations changed, and food labels will soon
begin identifying trans fat content in processed
foods.
Output: What is Trans Fat? How to reduce that?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Learn about electronics. Don't take many short cuts.\n\nThen go to college and learn electrical engineering. That is the easiest way due to the resources it takes to learn it. You will learn about software, circuits, materials (this is very important), design, and all the other things that go along with it. You will also be able to try things out in a lab enviornment where a lot of the good learning can happen. I am an electrical engineer who has gotten to do the design. If your interested then go for it.
Output:
|
how can i design electronic products?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Autogyros and helicopters were used during World War II. List includes prototypes.
Output:
|
was there helicopters in the second world war?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be given a set of steps that are required to answer a specific question. Your job is to generate that question. Each given step refers to either an entity (known or unknown), a propery of an entity or a query operation (count, group, union, etc.) Knowing those operations and how they appear in the input may help you generate more accurate questions.
Select: A select step is used to return a set of objects. There are no references to previous steps in a select step. template: Return [attributes]
Filter: A filter step is used to return results from a previous step to which a certain condition applies. template: Return [#step] [condition]
Project: A project step should return certain attributes of the results of a previous step. template: Return [attributes] of [#step]
Aggregate: An aggregate step returns an aggregator function applied on a step's result. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step].
Group: A group step is an aggregator applied on attributes. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step] for each [attribute]
Superlative: A superlative step is used to return the result with a highest/lowest attribute among other results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [is] [highest / lowest]
Comparative: A comparative step is used when we need to compare an attribute with a number to filter results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [comparator] [number]
Union: A union step is used to return results of two steps together. template: Return [#step1] [or / ,] [#step2]
Intersection: An intersection step returns the result that two steps have in common. template: Return [attribute] of both [#step1] and [#step2]
Discard: A discard step returns result of a step and excludes result of another step from it. template: Return [#step1] besides [#step2]
Sort: A sort returns result of another step in a specific order. template: Return [#step1] [ordered / sorted by] [#step2]
Is true: An is true step checks a condition on another result and returns a true or false. template: Return [is / if] [condition]
Arithmetic: An arithmatic step operates an arithmatic operation on one or more steps. template: Return the [arithmetic op.] of [#step1] [and] [#step2].
Now complete the following example -
Input: #1 return flights
#2 return #1 on delta
#3 return #2 to all airports
#4 return number of #3.
Output:
|
list the total number of flights to all airports by delta
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niv2_question_generation
|
task184_break_generate_question
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Property tax -- Property tax or 'house tax' is a local tax on buildings, along with appurtenant land. It is and imposed on the Possessor (not the custodian of property as per 1978, 44th amendment of constitution). It resembles the US-type wealth tax and differs from the excise-type UK rate. The tax power is vested in the states and is delegated to local bodies, specifying the valuation method, rate band, and collection procedures. The tax base is the annual rental value (ARV) or area-based rating. Owner-occupied and other properties not producing rent are assessed on cost and then converted into ARV by applying a percentage of cost, usually four percent. Vacant land is generally exempt. Central government properties are exempt. Instead a 'service charge' is permissible under executive order. Properties of foreign missions also enjoy tax exemption without requiring reciprocity. The tax is usually accompanied by service taxes, e.g., water tax, drainage tax, conservancy (sanitation) tax, lighting tax, all using the same tax base. The rate structure is flat on rural (panchayat) properties, but in the urban (municipal) areas it is mildly progressive with about 80% of assessments falling in the first two brackets.
Output: is house tax and property tax are same.
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Parity (mathematics) -- In mathematics, parity is the property of an integer's inclusion in one of two categories: even or odd. An integer is even if it is evenly divisible by two and odd if it is not even. For example, 6 is even because there is no remainder when dividing it by 2. By contrast, 3, 5, 7, 21 leave a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Examples of even numbers include −4, 0, 82 and 178. In particular, zero is an even number. Some examples of odd numbers are −5, 3, 29, and 73.
Output: can an odd number be divided by an even number.
Now complete the following example -
Input: The Rocky Horror Show -- Produced and directed by Jim Sharman, the original London production of the musical premiered at the Royal Court Theatre (Upstairs) on 19 June 1973 (after two previews on 16 and 18 June 1973) before moving to several other locations in London and closing on 13 September 1980, running for a total of 2,960 performances and winning the 1973 Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Musical. Its 1974 debut in the US in Los Angeles had a successful nine-month run but its 1975 Broadway debut at the Belasco Theatre lasted only three previews and forty five showings despite earning one Tony nomination and three Drama Desk nominations. Various international productions have since spanned across six continents as well as West End and Broadway revivals and eight UK tours. Actor Tim Curry, who originated the role of Dr Frank N. Furter in the original London production, became particularly associated with the musical.
Output:
|
is rocky horror picture show a broadway musical
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niv2_question_generation
|
task1660_super_glue_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: In 1582 the united provinces invited francis, duke of anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take antwerp in 1583, the duke left the netherlands again. after the assassination of william of orange (10 july 1584), both henry iii of france and elizabeth i of england declined the offer of sovereignty. however, the latter agreed to turn the united provinces into a protectorate of england (treaty of nonsuch, 1585), and sent the earl of leicester as governor-general. this was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. the union of utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the republic of the seven united provinces, which was not recognized by the spanish empire until the peace of westphalia in 1648.
Output: In what year did francis, duke of anjou leave the netherlands?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Three years ago tuesday, leslie marva adams, an attractive, 40-year-old hair stylist from atlanta, georgia, chatted on the phone with her mother in the morning. leslie adams, 40, filed a restraining order against an old boyfriend and disappeared three years ago. it was the last conversation she would have with a family member. on the third anniversary of adams' disappearance, her family is still waiting for answers. her daughter, cierra burk, 19, clings to the belief that adams is alive. 'we will find her,' burk says. the family became concerned when adams failed to show up for her sister's birthday party the day after she talked on the phone with her mother. two days after the missed party, adams was officially reported missing. at her apartment in suburban lilburn, police found evidence suggesting foul play -- a 12-inch blood stain near her bed and a .45-caliber bullet casing. adams' car was parked in her driveway and a handwritten note was found on her door. investigators soon learned the note was from her sister, roberta. it said, 'leslie, we're worried about you, please call me as soon as possible.' watch how the mystery began with a missed party ' adams had been having trouble with her ex-boyfriend, billy joe cook, in the days leading up to her disappearance. she had accused him of stalking her and had filed a restraining order. in the court document, she alleged that cook had verbally and physically abused her. she said she feared for her life. a temporary restraining order was granted by the court, but adams vanished before a scheduled hearing on the matter. phyllis adams said her daughter told her in their final conversation that she had argued with cook over the phone on the previous day. according to the temporary restraining order, cook was not to have any contact with adams. police brought cook in for questioning and learned he had spoken to adams on the phone twice the day before she last spoke to her family. although he was questioned extensively, police have not named cook a suspect. police say he was very cooperative and there is no evidence suggesting his involvement in her disappearance, although they have not ruled him or anyone else out as a potential suspect or person of interest. just when they thought the trail had gone cold, police found what could be a lead in the case. in may 2007, clothing was recovered that could belong to the missing hair-dresser. police found a pair of men's size 8 reebok sneakers, size 10 capri pants, and a black sweater in the woods along i-85 in franklin county, 90 miles from adams' home in atlanta. they also discovered human bones and a breast implant near the clothing. police have sent the remains to a dna testing lab and they have yet to be identified. the results are inconclusive, and police continue to collect dna samples from adams family members for future tests. leslie marva adams is an african-american female who stands 5 feet 5 inches, weighs 130 pounds, and has breast implants. family members fear the remains could be leslie adams, but they are still hopeful that she will be found alive and well. burk, adams' daughter, says she struggles with her emotions at this time of year. 'i still believe she is alive and we will find her, but this time of year is very hard,' she said, fighting the tears. 'it's my aunt's birthday, the day my mom didn't show up and we never saw her again, so it's hard not to break down.' police and family urge anyone with information on the whereabouts of leslie adams to call the gwinett county police department at (770) 513-5300. there is a $25,000 reward for information that helps locate leslie adams or leads to the arrest of the person responsible for her disappearance.
Output: When did leslie marva adams disappear?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Lets explore the domain, the least specific category of classification. All of life can be divided into three domains, based on the type of cell of the organism: 1. Bacteria: cells do not contain a nucleus. 2. Archaea: cells do not contain a nucleus; they have a different cell wall from bacteria. 3. Eukarya: cells do contain a nucleus. The Archaea and Bacteria domains ( Figure 1.1) are both entirely composed of small, single-celled organisms and seem very similar, but they also have significant differences. Both are composed of prokaryotic cells, which are cells without a nucleus. In addition, both domains are composed of species that reproduce asexually ( asexual reproduction) by dividing in two. Both domains also have species with cells surrounded by a cell wall, however, the cell walls are made of different materials. Bacterial cell walls contain the polysaccharide peptidoglycan. Lastly, Archaea often live in extreme environments including hot springs, geysers, and salt flats. Bacteria do not live in these environments. The Group A Streptococcus organism (left) is in the domain Bacteria, one of the three domains of life. The Halobacterium (right) is in the domain Archaea, another one of the three domains. All of the cells in the domain Eukarya keep their genetic material, or DNA, inside the nucleus. The domain Eukarya is made up of four kingdoms: 1. Plantae: Plants, such as trees and grasses, survive by capturing energy from the sun, a process called photo- synthesis. 2. Fungi: Fungi, such as mushrooms and molds, survive by "eating" other organisms or the remains of other organisms. These organisms absorb their nutrients from other organisms. 3. Animalia: Animals also survive by eating other organisms or the remains of other organisms. Animals range from tiny ants to the largest whales, and include arthropods, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals ( Figure 4. Protista: Protists are not all descended from a single common ancestor in the way that plants, animals, and fungi are. Protists are all the eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into one of the other three kingdoms. They include many kinds of microscopic one-celled (unicellular) organisms, such as algae and plankton, but also giant seaweeds that can grow to be 200 feet long. Plants, animals, fungi, and protists might seem very different, but remember that if you look through a microscope, you will find similar cells with a membrane-bound nucleus in all of them. These are eukaryotic cells. These cells also have membrane-bound organelles, which prokaryotic cells lack. The main characteristics of the three domains of life are summarized in Table 1.1. Multicelluar Cell wall Nucleus (Membrane- Enclosed DNA) Membrane-Bound Organelles Archaea No Yes, without peptidogly- can Bacteria No Yes, with peptidoglycan No No Eukarya Yes Varies. Plants and fungi have a cell wall; animals do not. Yes No No Yes Diversity of Animals. These photos give just an inkling of the diversity of organisms that belong to the animal kingdom. (A) Sponge, (B) Flatworm, (C) Flying Insect, (D) Frog, (E) Tiger, (F) Gorilla.
Output:
|
microscopic single-celled protists are members of which domain?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task470_mrqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein that has been recently suggested as a predictive marker of joint destruction in adult rheumatoid arthritis. We assessed the presence of extracellular survivin in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).', 'Survivin levels were assessed in the circulation of 46 patients with JIA and in the age- and gender-matched controls (n=46) having no inflammatory disease, by ELISA. Survivin levels were analyzed with respect to the onset type and the activity of the joint disease. The intensity of inflammation and cartilage turnover was measured as levels of IL-6, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), respectively.', 'The levels of extracellular survivin were significantly higher in JIA compared to the controls (p=0.0002). High levels of survivin (above mean + 2SD of the controls) were detected in 8/46 (17% JIA patients. High survivin expression was associated with polyarticular onset, active phase of arthritis. In contrast, survivin was neither related to the levels of IL-6, SAA, nor to COMP.
Output:
|
Does circulating survivin indicate severe course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task847_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: I submitted the hit. The hit was approved, and then I was paid.
Output: What happened after I submitted the hit?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: Heavy snow is causing disruption to transport across the UK, with heavy rainfall bringing flooding to the south-west of England. Rescuers searching for a woman trapped in a landslide at her home in Looe, Cornwall, said they had found a body.
Output: What event has started?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: Ministers agreed that APEC would develop by 2008 comprehensive model measures as many commonly accepted RTA/FTA chapters as possible for trade facilitation, said the joint statement. APEC MINISTERS URGE TO EFFECTIVELY RESPOND TO BIRD FLU.
Output:
|
What event has already finished?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Context: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Context: Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), a liver enriched enzyme, is responsible for approximately one third of hepatic phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), Pemt(-/-) mice are protected from HF-induced obesity; however, they develop steatohepatitis. The vagus nerve relays signals between liver and brain that regulate peripheral adiposity and pancreas function. Here we explore a possible role of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in the development of diet induced obesity and steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice. 8-week old Pemt(-/-) and Pemt(+/+) mice were subjected to hepatic vagotomy (HV) or capsaicin treatment, which selectively disrupts afferent nerves, and were compared to sham-operated or vehicle-treatment, respectively. After surgery, mice were fed a HFD for 10 weeks. HV abolished the protection against the HFD-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in Pemt(-/-) mice. HV normalized phospholipid content and prevented steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice. Moreover, HV increased the hepatic anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, reduced chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and the ER stress marker C/EBP homologous protein. Furthermore, HV normalized the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins and of proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in Pemt(-/-) mice. However, disruption of the hepatic afferent vagus nerve by capsaicin failed to reverse either the protection against the HFD-induced obesity or the development of HF-induced steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice.
Answer: Neuronal signals via the hepatic vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and protection against obesity in HFD fed Pemt(-/-) mice.
Output: Does vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context: Endostatin is a cleaved fragment of collagen Type XVIII and has antiangiogenic activity. The clinical significance of circulating, soluble endostatin (S-endostatin) is not known.', 'Pretreatment S-endostatin and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (S-VEGF) levels were measured in 143 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using competitive enzyme immunoassays and were compared with the levels from a control group (n = 24 participants).', 'S-endostatin levels varied widely from 4.5 ng/mL to 116 ng/mL (median, 29.6 ng/mL), and the median level was higher in patients with NHL compared with patients in the control group (16.4 ng/mL; P = 0.05). High S-endostatin levels were associated with advanced disease stage (P < 0.0001) and high serum VEGF levels at diagnosis (P = 0.017). The median 5-year survival rate for patients who had S-endostatin concentrations within the highest tertile (> 36.0 ng/mL) was only 34% compared with 57% in patients who had lower S-endostatin levels (P = 0.019). A high S-endostatin level also was associated with a poor outcome in patients with large cell diffuse and immunoblastic lymphoma, which was the largest subgroup within the series (n = 60 patients). Patients who had high pretreatment levels of both S-VEGF and S-endostatin had particularly poor outcomes. High S-endostatin levels had an independent, adverse influence on survival it was entered as a factor into a multivariate analysis together with the factors included in the International Prognostic Index (relative risk, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.98; P = 0.0024).
Answer: High pretreatment levels of S-endostatin are associated with high serum VEGF levels and poor survival in patients with NHL. Prospective studies are warranted to establish the clinical value of longitudinal S-endostatin measurements.
Output:
|
Is elevated serum endostatin associated with poor outcome in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Optical mice use an LED and a camera to rapidly
capture images of the surface beneath the mouse.
The infomation from the camera is analyzed by a
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and used to detect
imperfections in the underlying surface and
determine motion. Some materials, such as glass,
mirrors or other very shiny, uniform surfaces
interfere with the ability of the DSP to
accurately analyze the surface beneath the mouse.
\nSince glass is transparent and very uniform, the
mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in
the underlying surface to determine motion.
Mirrored surfaces are also a problem, since they
constantly reflect back the same image, causing
the DSP not to recognize motion properly. When the
system is unable to see surface changes associated
with movement, the mouse will not work properly.
Output: why doesn't an optical mouse work on a glass
table?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Trans fats occur in manufactured foods during the
process of partial hydrogenation, when hydrogen
gas is bubbled through vegetable oil to increase
shelf life and stabilize the original
polyunsatured oil. The resulting fat is similar to
saturated fat, which raises "bad" LDL cholesterol
and can lead to clogged arteries and heart
disease. \nUntil very recently, food labels were
not required to list trans fats, and this health
risk remained hidden to consumers. In early July,
FDA regulations changed, and food labels will soon
begin identifying trans fat content in processed
foods.
Output: What is Trans Fat? How to reduce that?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Mean Distance of Moon from Earth - 238,712 mi (384,400 km)\nGreatest Distance of Moon from Earth (Apogee) - 252,586 mi (406,740 km) Shortest Distance of Moon from Earth (Perigee) - 221,331 mi (356,410 km)
Output:
|
How far is it to the moon?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Context : Isaac Nicola Romero (1916 in Havana, Cuba -- 1997) was a prominent Cuban guitarist and one of the founders of the modern Cuban Guitar School.
Answer : Havana.
Output: What was Isaac Nicola's city of birth?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Context : Tweetie Pie won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, breaking Tom and Jerry's streak of four consecutive wins on the category.
Answer : Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.
Output: What award was Tweetie Pie nominated for?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Nicholas Rodda (born 11 October 1992) is a male former water polo player from South Africa.
Answer : male.
Output:
|
Is Nicholas Rodda a male or female?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1326_qa_zre_question_generation_from_answer
|
validation
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be shown a passage. You need to write a fill-in-the-gap question based on your understanding of the events that might be inferred from the passage. Your question should be answerable based on the passage and only have one correct answer. Show the gap in your question with a _ .
Positive Example 1 -
Input: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. She has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years.
Output: Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Manchester United did make an ambitious bid to sign Barcelona forward Neymar in the summer, according to the Brazil international's father. It has been widely reported that Louis van Gaal attempted to bring the 23-year-old to Old Trafford in the final weeks of the transfer window, with Neymar admitting that there had been discussions about a possible switch. Manchester United's desperate scramble for new striker after allowing Robin van Persie, Radamel Falcao and Javier Hernandez to all leave the club, led to them being linked with a host of players, including Bayern Munich forward Thomas Muller. United eventually parted with £36million for French teenager Anthony Martial from Monaco but, according to Neymar's father Neymar da Silva Santos, only after they had failed with a bid to lure his son away from the Nou Camp.Manchester United were widely reported to have bid for Neymar in summer. The player's father has confirmed that the Old Trafford club did make offerThe Brazil international is ready to open talks over a new deal at Barcelona.
Output: '_'s offer came to Barça and they told us they won't sell,' Neymar Snr is quoted as saying by Brazilian newspaper Globo.
Now complete the following example -
Input: During a speech addressing the Houses of Parliament at Westminster this week, Chinese president Xi Jinping spoke at length about the relationship between China and the UK. As well as discussing the future of Sino-British ties, Xi also mentioned the lesser-known collaboration between the two countries in the past. In particular, four groups of people, including a naval cadet, a nurse and two British peers, were seen to highlight a relationship built on mutual understanding, support and friendship, reported People's Daily Online. Xi's examples led with 24 naval cadets who took part in the D-Day Landings in Normandy in 1944, fighting side by side with British forces.Xi Jinping addressed Houses of Parliament early this week in State VisitHe cited four incidences that highlighted past Sino-British relationshipsThe Chinese president concluded with optimism for the countries' future.
Output:
|
Xi Jinping, who is staying at Buckingham Palace, is expected to conclude his _ on October 23.
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task301_record_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given an answer. Create a question for the answer.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: In fact, it stands for Winter. In the case of synthetic 0W-20 oil, this means that it flows as easily as a 0 Weight oil in Winter temperatures, but is as thick and viscous as a 20 Weight oil once normal engine temperature has been reached.
Output: 0w-20: what does it mean?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Because 3,500 calories equals about 1 pound (0.45 kilogram) of fat, it's estimated that you need to burn about 3,500 calories to lose 1 pound. So, in general, if you cut about 500 to 1,000 calories a day from your typical diet, you'd lose about 1 to 2 pounds a week. It sounds simple.
Output: 1000 calories is how many pounds?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Cups to Teaspoons Conversion There are 48 teaspoons in a cup. To convert cups to teaspoons, multiply the cup value by 48. For example, to find out how many teaspoons there are in a cup and a half, multiply 1.5 by 48, that makes 72 teaspoons in a cup and a half.
Output:
|
1 1/2 cups equals how many teaspoons?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1657_gooaq_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You will be given a context, a subject and a relation. Your task is to generate a question based on the subject and relation. The generated question should include the given subject. Try to use a minimum number of words that are not present in either context, subject or relation while generating question.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Kaminey (English: The Rascals) is a 2009 Indian caper thriller film directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and featuring Shahid Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra and Amol Gupte in the lead roles.
Subject : Kaminey
Relation : narrative location.
Output:
|
Which place is Kaminey in?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1325_qa_zre_question_generation_on_subject_relation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given context and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for this answer based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations..
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context: Aubrey wanted to wear her new tennis shoes to school.
Answer: tell Aubrey she looks great.
Output:
|
What will Others want to do next?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task581_socialiqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for the answer based on the given article.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Article: It's 2035. You have a job, a family and you're about 40 old. Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror, "Turn red," you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You're not even middle-aged. As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: "To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that," from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. "Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?" A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies. "Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter." In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space -- and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, your add, "The doctor said you need these for space travel." Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. "My office. Autopilot," you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than read it.
Answer: The medicine.
Output:
|
What changes the color of your shirt?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task311_race_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Context : Isaac Nicola Romero (1916 in Havana, Cuba -- 1997) was a prominent Cuban guitarist and one of the founders of the modern Cuban Guitar School.
Answer : Havana.
Output: What was Isaac Nicola's city of birth?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Context : Tweetie Pie won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, breaking Tom and Jerry's streak of four consecutive wins on the category.
Answer : Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.
Output: What award was Tweetie Pie nominated for?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Context : Baptiste Giabiconi (born 9 November 1989) is a French male model and singer from Marignane, France.
Answer : male.
Output:
|
Is Baptiste Giabiconi a male or female?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1326_qa_zre_question_generation_from_answer
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you're given a passage that represents a legal contract or clause between multiple parties. Your job is to write questions that ask the basic details corresponding to the legal contracts or clauses. Avoid questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph, and which might have multiple answers. The answer to each question should be unambiguous.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Exhibit 10.1 ENDORSEMENT AGREEMENT THIS ENDORSEMENT AGREEMENT (the Agreement) is dated as of this ____day of ____________, 2012, but made effective as of February 20, 2012 (Effective Date) between Healthcare Distribution Specialists LLC (HDS), a Delaware corporation, and Paul Silas (Celebrity), an individual. AGREEMENT 1. Engagement. HDS engages Celebrity and Celebrity hereby accepts the engagement to provide for his endorsement of HDS' product, Clotamin in the United States (Territory) as further outlined herein. In addition, it is understood and agreed that with respect to the Website, as defined below, the Territory shall be worldwide. 2. Term of Agreement. The term of this Agreement shall be for one (1) year commencing on the Effective Date and ending on February 19, 2013 (Term). 3. Grant. During the Term and subject to the limitations set forth in Paragraphs 9 and 10, HDS shall have the right to use the name, image, likeness, characterization, visual and audio representation of Celebrity (Celebrity Attributes) in connection with HDS' product, Clotamin, in the Territory as follows: A. In a television commercial (specific spot length to be mutually agreed upon) promoting Clotamin (Commercial) aired specifically in the following three (3) television markets: (1) Washington, DC Metro Area; (2) Florida; and (3) Texas (collectively Markets); B. On HDS' website (www.clotamin.corn) (Website); and C. In Clotamin-related press releases. D. In connection with any HDS' usage of Celebrity Attributes as outlined above in Paragraphs 3(A)-(C), HDS will feature the following disclaimer in close proximity to said usage: PAUL SILAS IS NOT A MEDICAL AUTHORITY. THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THIS PRODUCT IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE. 4. Duties of Celebrity and Rights of HDS. During the Term and subject to the limitations set forth in Paragraphs 9 and 10, Celebrity agrees to provide HDS with the following: A. Upon request by HDS, one (1) production session to be used for the production of the Commercial (Production Session). The location, date and time of the Production Session shall be mutually agreed upon by Celebrity and HDS. In the event the Production Session exceeds eight (8) hours in duration HDS and Celebrity will negotiate in good faith additional compensation to Celebrity for time in excess of eight (8) hours.
Source: PHARMAGEN, INC., 8-K/A, 8/3/2012
B. Celebrity will serve as a member of the Clotamin/HDS Board of Advisors, whose members' sole responsibility is to be listed as a Clotamin brand ambassador on the Website and/or Clotamin related press releases. With respect to the Board of Advisors, Celebrity will not be responsible for any additional services such as attending meetings, corporate functions, etc. C. HDS may request an additional production session(s), or a media tour or personal appearance(s) for an additional fee to be mutually agreed upon by the parties. 5. Consideration. As consideration for Celebrity's services under this Agreement, HDS agrees as follows: A. In-kind Payment: HDS will provide Celebrity with a one (1) year complimentary supply (i.e., at least 365 caplets) of Clotamin product during the Term. B. Cash Payment: (1) HDS will provide payment of Fifty Thousand and NO/100 Dollars ($50,000) made payable to Celebrity's agent. CSE, as follows $10,000 Within ten (10) days of the parties execution of this Agreement $15,000 Within 60 days of the parties execution of this agreement $25,000* Ten (10) days prior to the Production Session [*Should Company decide not to conduct the Production Session, then the $25,000 allocated for said Production Session (Production Fee) will not be owed to Celebrity and notice should be given to CSE as soon as reasonably known by Company if Company does not intend to conduct the Production Session. However, if Company schedules the Production Session, then said Production Fee is non-refundable regardless if the Production Session occurs. ] (a) CSE, shall invoice HDS for these fees and HDS shall pay such invoice within ten (10) business days following receipt of the CSE invoice. (b) Payments shall be made to CSE and delivered to 600 Galleria Parkway, Suite 1900, Atlanta, Georgia 30339. (2) If HDS desires to add an additional market or state to the Markets for the Commercial to air during the Term, then HOS will pay Celebrity Five Thousand and NO/100 Dollars ($5,000) for said additional state/market, and the parties will amend the Agreement to add the additional state/market accordingly. 6. Expenses. If applicable, HDS agrees to provide and pay for the expenses related to Celebrity's services provided in Paragraph 4, which shall include but not be limited to the following: A. First-class airfare, first-class ground transportation, hotel accommodations, and meals for Celebrity; and B. First-class airfare, ground transportation and hotel accommodations for one (1) representative. 7. Union Dues and Fees. Company represents that the services hereunder shall not be subject to SAG, AFTRA or any other entertainment guild contract. 2
Source: PHARMAGEN, INC., 8-K/A, 8/3/2012
8. Exclusivity. Celebrity represents and warrants that during the Term and in the Territory, Celebrity will not endorse or make any appearances or advertisements on behalf of any other multivitamin. 9. Review, Approval, and Ownership of Advertising. All HDS' uses of Celebrity Attributes in connection with the Commercial and/or press releases shall be subject to the prior written approval of Celebrity via his agent, CSE. Said written approval must be given within five (5) business days of CSE's receipt or said usage shall be deemed unapproved. Any such usage featuring Celebrity in the Commercial and/or press releases shall be and remain the property of HDS; however, HDS shall have the right to use said Commercial and/or press releases solely as outlined in Paragraph 3 and only during the Term. Celebrity may use said materials in whole or in part solely for the purpose of presenting Celebrity's work in Celebrity's personal portfolio, website or otherwise and/or on Celebrity's agent's website. Such usage may not be sold or transferred. 10. Termination A. HDS shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon ten (10) days prior written notice to Celebrity in the event Celebrity fails to perform the duties set forth in Paragraph 4 hereof or breaches any other covenant or agreement set forth herein and fails to cure same (if curable) within seven (7) days of receipt of written notice. Such termination shall relieve HDS of its obligation to provide any further consideration pursuant to this Agreement. B. Celebrity shall have the right to terminate this Agreement upon ten (10) days prior written notice to HDS in the event of the occurrence of any of the following: (1) HDS adjudicates as insolvent or declares bankruptcy; or (2) HDS fails to provide consideration due pursuant to this Agreement, within ten (10) days following the date such consideration is due hereunder, provided that HDS is notified in writing of such non-payment by Celebrity and such payment by HDS is not made within three (3) days following such notification; or (3) HDS fails breaches any covenant or agreement set forth herein and fails to cure same (if curable) within seven (7) days of receipt of written notice. Furthermore, HDS agrees that such termination shall not relieve it of its obligation to provide consideration as contemplated hereunder. Celebrity shall not have waived any of its rights at law or in equity by exercising any provision of this paragraph. C. HDS' rights to the use of Celebrity and Celebrity's Attributes as set forth in Paragraphs 3 and 4 shall end immediately should this Agreement be terminated pursuant to Paragraph 10(A) or Paragraph 10(B) above. 10. Notices. All notices provided for herein shall be given in writing by hand delivery, courier service, or by certified mail return receipt requested to the addresses of the parties set forth
Output:
|
Highlight the parts (if any) of this contract related to Insurance that should be reviewed by a lawyer. Details: Is there a requirement for insurance that must be maintained by one party for the benefit of the counterparty?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task599_cuad_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Now complete the following example -
Input: (Chorus)\nshes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head it go boing ba boing ba boing ba boing it got boing ba boing boing sucky sucky sucky *REPEAT 2X*\n\n(Verse 1)\nTheres one way in but no way out I'll tell you bout this girl deep deep in the south talks real fast wit 2 golds in ha mouth walks real slow and ha tounge stays out I got ha in my spot (WHAT!) I got ha in my spot (HEYY!) I got a lil X i got a lil pot (YUP!) Im lookin at ha breasts Im lookin at ha twat Im lookin at ha lips and Im rubbin on my cock (WOOO!) give me head oh please jus give me head I aint finna beg and i aint breakin bread she aint gotta be a 9 she aint gotta be a dime she can be a fuckin six when she show you dis trick sucky sucky sucky sucky sucky lick licky licky licky she swallowed down my dick brought it back in one stroke ask ha can i do the poke turned around and smiled den she nodded wit ha fuckin throat\n\n(Chorus)\nshes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head it go boing ba boing ba boing ba boing it got boing ba boing boing sucky sucky sucky *REPEAT 2X*\n\n(Verse 2)\nAye aye aye aye she got them lips like she suck and kiss on it\nthat make me want it long tounge do u like to lick on it go through the torment i see make it feel like a million\nthen u do it to a rhythm if a nigga eva was lookin round for some good head then das wut she give em\nppl respect ha when they see ha they say hey not hoe cuz they kno slurpin is sumthin that u real good for\nand she aint picky bout the spot if i say come she go so i can be smokin and shit and when i bust she float\ni aint kno u can do it like u do it ta do it constantly sweatin so let me give u sum fluid the way u suck it u suck it wit pride opened up wide and stuffed it in dere like u really luv it dont touch it if u wont taste it i'll tell ya dat u were teasin that'll be the last time that u'll eva see me soo tease if u hear sum slurpin noises on side the bed then u kno wut i done came from let the chorus say it\n\n(Chorus)\nshes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head it go boing ba boing ba boing ba boing it got boing ba boing boing sucky sucky sucky *REPEAT 2X*\n\n(Verse 3)\nAye aye aye aye excuse me *sweety* excuse me i am lookin for a bobble if u is not a bobble then please get off of my *alto* mo bills hoes will do wut u gon do (Wut!) no deal oh well do wut u gon do shit a bobble aint bad a bobble sumthin good a bobble make u hobble when u walkin through the hood a bobble make u tell yo niggas they misunderstood cuz everything she do for u is oh so very good a bobble aint scared a bobble aint nerved yes a bobble dont spit a bobble dont slurp it show different stroke it picture perfect if u hit ha wit dough then it probably was worth it oh bobbly bobbly when u doin me properly and my foot on the throtley i'll be bout to run off wit it roll oh no bobbles not only for cars a true bobble shines anywhere shes a superstar\n\nshes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head shes a bobble head it go boing ba boing ba boing ba boing it got boing ba boing boing sucky sucky sucky.
Output:
|
where can i get bobble head lyrics from by d4l?
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niv2_question_generation
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Nerdy social outcasts Gary Wallace (Anthony Michael Hall) and Wyatt Donnelly (Ilan Mitchell-Smith) are publicly humiliated by Ian (Robert Downey, Jr.) and Max (Robert Rusler) for swooning over the girlfriends of Ian and Max. Dejected and disappointed at their direction in life and wanting more, Gary convinces the uptight Wyatt that they need a boost of popularity in order to get their crushes, Hilly (Judie Aronson) and Deb (Suzanne Snyder), away from Ian and Max. Alone for the weekend with Wyatt's parents gone, Gary is inspired by the 1931 classic Frankenstein to create a virtual girl using Wyatt's computer; infusing her with everything they can conceive to make the perfect dream woman. After hooking electrodes to a doll and hacking into a government computer system for more power, a power surge creates Lisa (Kelly Le Brock), a beautiful and intelligent woman with seemingly endless powers. Promptly, she conjures up a Cadillac convertible to take the boys out to a bar, using her powers to manipulate people into believing Gary and Wyatt are of age. The boys come up with the name Lisa based upon a failed romantic experience of Gary's.They return home drunk and happen upon Chet (Bill Paxton), Wyatt's mean older brother, who extorts money from him to buy his silence. Lisa agrees to keep herself hidden from him, but realizes that Gary and Wyatt, while extremely sweet are very uptight and need to unwind. After a humiliating experience at the mall where Max and Ian pour an ICEE beverage on Gary and Wyatt in front of a crowd of people, Lisa tells them about a party at Wyatt's house, of which Wyatt had no prior knowledge, before driving off in a Porsche 928 she conjured for Gary. Despite Wyatt's protests, Lisa insists that the party happen anyway in order to loosen the boys up. She goes to meet Gary's parents, Al and Lucy, who, to Gary's embarrassment, are shocked and dismayed at the things she says and her frank manner. After she pulls a gun on them (later revealed to Gary to be a water pistol), she alters their memories so that Lucy forgets about the conflict, and Al forgets that they've had a son altogether. Back at the Donnelly house, the party has spun out of control while Gary and Wyatt take refuge in the bathroom where they resolve to have a good time, despite having embarrassed themselves in front of Deb and Hilly. Meanwhile, Wyatt's grandparents arrive and confront Lisa about the party, but she freezes them and hides them in a cupboard. Upstairs in Wyatt's bedroom, Ian and Max convince Gary and Wyatt to recreate the events that created Lisa, but Lisa chides them over their misuse of the magic to impress their tormentors. She also mentions that they forgot to connect the doll; thus, with the bare but live electrodes lying on top of a magazine page showing a Pershing II medium-range ballistic missile, a real missile appears through the house. Lisa resolves that the boys need a challenge to boost their confidence and has a gang of mutant bikers invade the party, causing chaos and sending the boys running.The bikers take Deb and Hilly hostage, and Wyatt and Gary decide they need to save them. They confront the bikers with a new boost of confidence (and Lisa's water pistol) to force them to back down. After they leave peacefully, Gary accidentally fires the gun, which is now real, and their bravery makes Deb and Hilly fall in love with them. The next morning, Chet uncovers the disarray in which the house is â the missile protruding through the kitchen and floor joists and carpet of the bedroom, the kitchen being turned entirely blue, and his catatonic grandparents in the cupboard â before confronting Wyatt and Gary. Lisa tells the boys to escort the girls home while she talks to Chet alone. Gary narrowly escapes being pulled over by the police in a conjured Ferrari, while Wyatt proclaims his love for Hilly before being sprayed by her parent's lawn sprinklers, and both girls reciprocate their feelings to the boys. Returning home, they discover Chet, now transformed into a giant, talking turd,who apologizes to Wyatt for his behavior. Lisa assures them that Chet will return to normal, and realizing that her work is done and that they don't need her anymore, she kisses both Gary and Wyatt before dematerializing and vanishing. As she is leaving all of the disarray is magically transformed back to normal, the missile disappears, the home is restored to its original fastidious state and Chet returns to normal just as Wyatt's parents return home, unaware anything odd has happened at all.Sometime later at their high school, a gym class of sweaty, pimply adolescent boys waiting for gym-class to begin is met by a beautifully fit coach in spandex. It is revealed to be Lisa who tells the class to "Drop and give me twenty", causing all the boys in the class to faint and collapse. She turns to the camera and smiles knowingly.
Output:
|
Question: What club does Lisa take the boys to?, Answer: Wyatt's house
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task182_duorc_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: I would be very surprised if his departure signals any change in strategy or change in profit expectations." On London's Stock Exchange, Reuters shares rose five pence to 913 pence ($14.43).
Output:
|
What event has begun but has not finished?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.
Now complete the following example -
Input: UTD aims to automatically identify and cluster repeated terms (e.g. words or phrases) from speech. To circumvent the exhaustive DTW-based search limited by INLINEFORM0 time BIBREF6 , we exploit the scalable UTD framework in the Zero Resource Toolkit (ZRTools) BIBREF7 , which permits search in INLINEFORM1 time.
Output:
|
How is the vocabulary of word-like or phoneme-like units automatically discovered?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task461_qasper_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you will be given a passage consisting of set of facts. The task is to create a question of form 'Where is <person_name>?' that is answerable from exactly one of the given facts. Avoid creating questions that are unanswerable from all of the facts.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Passage: Mary moved to the bathroom. John went to the hallway.
Output: Where is Mary?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Passage: Mary moved to the bathroom. John went to the hallway. Daniel went back to the hallway. Sandra moved to the garden.
Output: Where is Daniel?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Passage: Daniel moved to the garden. Sandra moved to the bedroom. Daniel journeyed to the hallway. Sandra went to the office. Daniel moved to the bedroom. John went back to the bathroom. Sandra travelled to the kitchen. Sandra went back to the bedroom. John journeyed to the garden. Daniel went back to the garden.
Output:
|
Where is John?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task082_babi_t1_single_supporting_fact_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Now complete the following example -
Input: The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves and is technically part of the central nervous system, rather than the peripheral nervous system because it is derived from an out-pouching of the diencephalon (optic stalks) during embryonic development. As a consequence, the fibers of the optic nerve are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes, rather than Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system, and are encased within the meninges. Peripheral neuropathies like Guillain--Barré syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. However, most typically the optic nerve is grouped with the other eleven cranial nerves and considered to be part of the peripheral nervous system.
Output:
|
is the optic nerve part of the central nervous system?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
Now complete the following example -
Input: In 1935, Indiana Jones narrowly escapes the clutches of Lao Che, a crime boss in Shanghai in the Republic of China. With his 11-year-old Chinese sidekick Short Round and the nightclub singer Willie Scott in tow, Indy flees Shanghai on an airplane that, unknown to them, is owned by Lao. While the three of them sleep on the plane, the pilots parachute out, and they leave the plane to crash over the Himalayas while dumping its fuel. Indy, Shorty, and Willie discover this and narrowly manage to escape by jumping out of the plane on an inflatable raft, and then riding down the slopes into a raging river. They come to Mayapore, a desolate village in northern India, where the poor villagers believe them to have been sent by the Hindu god Shiva and enlist their help to retrieve the sacred Sivalinga stone stolen from their shrine, as well as the community's children, from evil forces in the nearby Pankot Palace. During the journey to Pankot, Indy hypothesizes that the stone may be one of the five fabled Sankara stones that promise fortune and glory.
The trio receive a warm welcome from the Prime Minister of Pankot Palace, Chattar Lal. The visitors are allowed to stay the night as guests, during which they attend a lavish but grotesque banquet given by the young Maharajah, Zalim Singh. Chattar Lal rebuffs Indy's questions about the villagers' claims and his theory that the ancient Thuggee cult is responsible for their troubles. Later that night, Indy is attacked by an assassin, leading Indy, Willie, and Shorty to believe that something is amiss. They discover a series of tunnels hidden behind a statue in Willie's room and set out to explore them, overcoming a number of booby-traps along the way.
The trio eventually reach an underground temple where the Thugs worship the Hindu goddess Kali with human sacrifice. They watch as the Thugs chain one of their victims in a cage and slowly lower him into a ceremonial fire pit burning him alive. They discover that the Thugs, led by their evil, bloodthirsty high priest Mola Ram are in possession of three of the five Sankara stones, and have enslaved the children to mine for the final two stones, which they hope will allow them to rule the world. As Indy tries to retrieve the stones, he, Willie, and Shorty are captured and separated. Indy is whipped and forced to drink a potion called the "Blood of Kali", which places him in a trance-like state where he begins to mindlessly serve the Thugs. Willie, meanwhile, is kept as a human sacrifice, while Shorty is put to work in the mines alongside the enslaved children. Shorty breaks free and escapes back into the temple where he burns Indy with a torch, shocking him out of the trance. After defeating Chattar Lal, also a Thuggee worshiper, Indy stops Willie's cage and cranks it out of the pit just in time before it has a chance to enter the fire. They go back to the mines to free the children, but Indy is caught up in a fight with a hulking overseer. The Maharajah, who was also forcibly entranced by the "Blood of Kali," attempts to cripple Indy with a voodoo doll. Shorty spars with the Maharajah, ultimately burning him to snap him out of the trance. With his strength returned, Indy kills the overseer. The Maharajah then tells Shorty how to get out of the mines. While Mola Ram escapes, Indy and Shorty rescue Willie and retrieve the three Sankara stones, the village children escape.
After a mine cart chase to escape the temple, the trio emerge above ground and are again cornered by Mola Ram and his henchmen on a rope bridge high above a crocodile-infested river. Using a sword, Indy cuts the rope bridge in half, leaving everyone to hang on for their lives. Indy utters an incantation which causes the stones to glow red hot. Two of the stones fall into the river, while the last falls into Mola Ram's hand, burning him. Indy catches the now-cool stone, while Mola Ram falls into the river below, where he is devoured by a Mugger crocodile. The Thugs then attempt to shoot Indy with arrows, until a company of British Indian Army riflemen from Pankot arrive, having been summoned by the palace Maharajah. In the ensuing firefight, many of the Thuggee archers are killed and the remainder are surrounded and captured. Indy, Willie, and Shorty return victoriously to the village with the children and give the missing stone back to the villagers.
Output:
|
When they find other people in a village, what do those people want them to do?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a concept, and a list of answers. You should generate a question about the concept that leads to the given answer(s).
Now complete the following example -
Input: concept: Willie Nelson answers: ['Steel-string acoustic guitar']
Output:
|
what type of strings does willie nelson use?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1602_webquestion_question_genreation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a statement, generate a question such that the answer is contained in that statement.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Neurons deliver electrical impulses to other cells.
Output: What do neurons deliver to other cells?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for detailed observation of stars.
Output: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for what?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Rain downwind from a coal-fired power plant is likely to transform the color of litmus paper from blue to red.
Output:
|
What color of litmus paper is likely to change from a coal-fired power plant to red?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1580_eqasc-perturbed_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: In this task, you are presented with a term, a description of the term, and an expected answer ('yes' or 'no'). You should write a yes-no question about the given term such that the answer is the one provided to you (i.e., If the answer is "No", you should ask a question that its answer would be "No", and if the answer is "Yes", you should ask a question that its answer is "Yes". ). The question should have a definitive answer (as opposed to ambiguous or subjective questions, e.g., Is Batman a good movie?). Create a question such that its answer can not be found easily on a single web page (e.g., mentioned in a Wikipedia page). This can be accomplished if answering the question requires more than one fact (facts = statements that can be found on a Wikipedia page or Google). For example, answering the question 'did Aristotle use a laptop?', one needs the know about the invention of the laptop and the death of Aristotle. Avoid questions should not just compare the properties of objects (e.g., Is a door bigger than an elephant?) or those that refer to details in the given description.
Now complete the following example -
Input: Term: Asian black bear, Description: species of mammal, Answer:No.
Output:
|
Can an Asian black bear use chopsticks?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task167_strategyqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: In 1582 the united provinces invited francis, duke of anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take antwerp in 1583, the duke left the netherlands again. after the assassination of william of orange (10 july 1584), both henry iii of france and elizabeth i of england declined the offer of sovereignty. however, the latter agreed to turn the united provinces into a protectorate of england (treaty of nonsuch, 1585), and sent the earl of leicester as governor-general. this was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. the union of utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the republic of the seven united provinces, which was not recognized by the spanish empire until the peace of westphalia in 1648.
Output: In what year did francis, duke of anjou leave the netherlands?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Three years ago tuesday, leslie marva adams, an attractive, 40-year-old hair stylist from atlanta, georgia, chatted on the phone with her mother in the morning. leslie adams, 40, filed a restraining order against an old boyfriend and disappeared three years ago. it was the last conversation she would have with a family member. on the third anniversary of adams' disappearance, her family is still waiting for answers. her daughter, cierra burk, 19, clings to the belief that adams is alive. 'we will find her,' burk says. the family became concerned when adams failed to show up for her sister's birthday party the day after she talked on the phone with her mother. two days after the missed party, adams was officially reported missing. at her apartment in suburban lilburn, police found evidence suggesting foul play -- a 12-inch blood stain near her bed and a .45-caliber bullet casing. adams' car was parked in her driveway and a handwritten note was found on her door. investigators soon learned the note was from her sister, roberta. it said, 'leslie, we're worried about you, please call me as soon as possible.' watch how the mystery began with a missed party ' adams had been having trouble with her ex-boyfriend, billy joe cook, in the days leading up to her disappearance. she had accused him of stalking her and had filed a restraining order. in the court document, she alleged that cook had verbally and physically abused her. she said she feared for her life. a temporary restraining order was granted by the court, but adams vanished before a scheduled hearing on the matter. phyllis adams said her daughter told her in their final conversation that she had argued with cook over the phone on the previous day. according to the temporary restraining order, cook was not to have any contact with adams. police brought cook in for questioning and learned he had spoken to adams on the phone twice the day before she last spoke to her family. although he was questioned extensively, police have not named cook a suspect. police say he was very cooperative and there is no evidence suggesting his involvement in her disappearance, although they have not ruled him or anyone else out as a potential suspect or person of interest. just when they thought the trail had gone cold, police found what could be a lead in the case. in may 2007, clothing was recovered that could belong to the missing hair-dresser. police found a pair of men's size 8 reebok sneakers, size 10 capri pants, and a black sweater in the woods along i-85 in franklin county, 90 miles from adams' home in atlanta. they also discovered human bones and a breast implant near the clothing. police have sent the remains to a dna testing lab and they have yet to be identified. the results are inconclusive, and police continue to collect dna samples from adams family members for future tests. leslie marva adams is an african-american female who stands 5 feet 5 inches, weighs 130 pounds, and has breast implants. family members fear the remains could be leslie adams, but they are still hopeful that she will be found alive and well. burk, adams' daughter, says she struggles with her emotions at this time of year. 'i still believe she is alive and we will find her, but this time of year is very hard,' she said, fighting the tears. 'it's my aunt's birthday, the day my mom didn't show up and we never saw her again, so it's hard not to break down.' police and family urge anyone with information on the whereabouts of leslie adams to call the gwinett county police department at (770) 513-5300. there is a $25,000 reward for information that helps locate leslie adams or leads to the arrest of the person responsible for her disappearance.
Output: When did leslie marva adams disappear?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Wars of America is a ''colossal'' bronze sculpture by Gutzon Borglum containing ''forty-two humans and two horses'', located in Military Park, Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States.
Output:
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What material was used for Wars of America?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task470_mrqa_question_generation
|
train
|
Task definition: You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Optical mice use an LED and a camera to rapidly
capture images of the surface beneath the mouse.
The infomation from the camera is analyzed by a
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and used to detect
imperfections in the underlying surface and
determine motion. Some materials, such as glass,
mirrors or other very shiny, uniform surfaces
interfere with the ability of the DSP to
accurately analyze the surface beneath the mouse.
\nSince glass is transparent and very uniform, the
mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in
the underlying surface to determine motion.
Mirrored surfaces are also a problem, since they
constantly reflect back the same image, causing
the DSP not to recognize motion properly. When the
system is unable to see surface changes associated
with movement, the mouse will not work properly.
Output: why doesn't an optical mouse work on a glass
table?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Trans fats occur in manufactured foods during the
process of partial hydrogenation, when hydrogen
gas is bubbled through vegetable oil to increase
shelf life and stabilize the original
polyunsatured oil. The resulting fat is similar to
saturated fat, which raises "bad" LDL cholesterol
and can lead to clogged arteries and heart
disease. \nUntil very recently, food labels were
not required to list trans fats, and this health
risk remained hidden to consumers. In early July,
FDA regulations changed, and food labels will soon
begin identifying trans fat content in processed
foods.
Output: What is Trans Fat? How to reduce that?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Starting as a virtual assistant is a great idea. (I know, I started that way several years ago.) I do recommend that any of those new to the industry consider your best areas of service before launching and specialize from the start.\n\nUnless you are planning on doing the video conferencing locally, I think you may find that to be a bit difficult to pull off. Not because it can't be done, but because you would need to work with clients that are able to set up the hardware and software on their own sites. Usually, people hire you to solve problems -- and the video conferencing has a serious potential to CREATE problems, especially long distance.\n\nBefore you launch a VA practice, research the name you plan to use for the business (an Internet search is a great place to begin) because you don't want to use a name that's already in use (and possibly trademark protected).\n\nThen consider your strengths and weaknesses. Do an honest self-assessment to determine what services you can offer that will benefit your clients while emphasising your skills, background and education without requiring you to delve into areas that are not your best.\n\nIf you are going to be a VA, a website is essential. If creating a good website isn't your strength -- hire it out or barter services with someone else who can create an effective site.\n\nMarket yourself everywhere you go (business cards at the ready). And, always look for opportunities to talk about what you do -- this is most easily achieved by asking others about their own work (they will usually return the favor). Although Virtual Assistance is a known term in many circles, it still seems to create a bit of interest in casual conversation -- use that to your advantage by begin able to answer questions about the industry in general and your own business in particular.\n\nRead articles by others on the topic of running your own VA business.\n\nBe sure you are willing to put in the hours required to start and run a business. It's not as simple as announcing and starting to work. You will need to research your market, talk with people in the business, talk with people in your target industry/industries, read, research on the web and... PLAN.\n\nBest wishes to you as you begin your endeavor. It's a great career option brought to you by this age of technology!
Output:
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Virtual Administrative Assistant/Answering Service?
|
niv2_question_generation
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
train
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Task definition: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving.
Output: How old is Will Hunting in the movie ?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving.
Output: What was Matt Damon's profession in the movie ?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Homicide detective John Hobbes (Denzel Washington) and Edgar Reese (Elias Koteas), a serial killer, are talking just before the latter is going to be executed in prison. Reese is proud of all his crimes, and doesn't repent at all. Hobbes witnesses the execution of Reese. At the last second, Reese starts shouting that he is innocent, that it wasn't him, all his cocky demeanour lost.However, this doesn't finish the matter. Soon after the execution the killings start again, and they are very similar to Reese's style. Hobbes starts hearing people on the street singing the same tune that Reese sang in the gas chamber.He is told that maybe the fallen angel Azazel is behind it all. Azazel is cursed to roam the Earth without a form, and he can switch bodies by any contact, making him hard to track. The last clue is given by Gretta Milano (Embeth Davidtz), a semi-mad woman who lives in a flat crammed with bric-a-brac, pictures, and small statues representing all kind of of angels. When Hobbes is forced to kill a man possessed by Azazel, he must clear his name while protecting his family and others from the evil, vengeful Azazel. Milano tells him to kill Azazel in a place where no other person is around. If Hobbes kills the person who is at the moment possessed by Azazel, and he himself commits suicide, the fallen angel will die, because he can't survive for long without a body.Hobbes is determined. His workmates are suspicious of him. They think that he has tricked them all, being the serial killer from the very beginning, or that he has become so obsessed with the serial killer that now he's copy-cattting him. His co-worker and closest friend, Det Jonesy (John Goodman), is one of those who seem to have changed their minds concerning Hobbes. Lou and Stanton (James Gandolfini and Donald Sutherland) start having no doubts that Hobbes is the killer.Hobbes goes to a lonely cottage kilometers away from nowhere where he has dared Azazel to go. To his surprise, it's Jonesy who goes. He tells him that it was about Hobbes from the beginning. When Hobbes and Reese had the conversation, there was a second when they shook hands, but Azazel could not move inside Hobbes because he was an honest and good person. There is a final confrontation and Hobbes kills Jonesy, and then kills himself.It seems that evil has died. However, a voice tells the audience that there is only an animal which can hold a demon, a cat. We see a cat which is making its way to the nearest inhabited town. The audience now knows that Hobbes didn't succeed.
Output:
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What happens soon after the execution?
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niv2_question_generation
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task193_duorc_question_generation
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train
|
Task definition: Given a fact, create a question that can be answered using the fact. Construct the question such that it is unambiguous, has a unique answer and the answer can be given using the fact.
Positive Example 1 -
Input: Fact: deep sea animals live deep in the ocean.
Output: Frilled sharks and angler fish live far beneath the surface of the ocean, which is why they are known as?
Positive Example 2 -
Input: Fact: as an object moves , the kinetic energy of that object will increase.
Output: An example of lots of kinetic energy would be?
Now complete the following example -
Input: Fact: the color of fur is an inherited characteristic.
Output:
|
The property of fur that is a result of the way that it reflects or emits light is?
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niv2_question_generation
|
task1398_obqa_question_generation
|
train
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Task definition: In this task, you will be given a set of steps that are required to answer a specific question. Your job is to generate that question. Each given step refers to either an entity (known or unknown), a propery of an entity or a query operation (count, group, union, etc.) Knowing those operations and how they appear in the input may help you generate more accurate questions.
Select: A select step is used to return a set of objects. There are no references to previous steps in a select step. template: Return [attributes]
Filter: A filter step is used to return results from a previous step to which a certain condition applies. template: Return [#step] [condition]
Project: A project step should return certain attributes of the results of a previous step. template: Return [attributes] of [#step]
Aggregate: An aggregate step returns an aggregator function applied on a step's result. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step].
Group: A group step is an aggregator applied on attributes. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step] for each [attribute]
Superlative: A superlative step is used to return the result with a highest/lowest attribute among other results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [is] [highest / lowest]
Comparative: A comparative step is used when we need to compare an attribute with a number to filter results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [comparator] [number]
Union: A union step is used to return results of two steps together. template: Return [#step1] [or / ,] [#step2]
Intersection: An intersection step returns the result that two steps have in common. template: Return [attribute] of both [#step1] and [#step2]
Discard: A discard step returns result of a step and excludes result of another step from it. template: Return [#step1] besides [#step2]
Sort: A sort returns result of another step in a specific order. template: Return [#step1] [ordered / sorted by] [#step2]
Is true: An is true step checks a condition on another result and returns a true or false. template: Return [is / if] [condition]
Arithmetic: An arithmatic step operates an arithmatic operation on one or more steps. template: Return the [arithmetic op.] of [#step1] [and] [#step2].
Now complete the following example -
Input: #1 return anemone
#2 return #1 that is bright yellow
#3 return tendrils of #2
#4 return end of #3
#5 return dot
#6 return #5 that is black
#7 return #2 where #4 has #6
#8 return if #7 is in at least one image.
Output:
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If at least one image shows a bright yellow anemone with tendrils that have a black dot on the end.
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niv2_question_generation
|
task184_break_generate_question
|
train
|
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