vhada/Random_Combined · Datasets at Hugging Face

image stringlengths 37 84	question stringlengths 9 255	answer stringlengths 1 1.79k
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2700456_F0001_40503.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Chest X ray showing a bilateral mass lesions
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54472.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	IOUS. Hypoechoic tumor of the body of the pancreas (arrow) which needs to be differentiated from a neuroendocrine lesion, secondary tumors and small cyst or cystic tumor
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4102597_ppat-1004275-g009_307199.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	H. pylori accumulation near gastric surface after microscopic damage.Fluorescently labeled H. pylori or beads were added to luminal fluid bathing the exposed gastric mucosa. Two-photon damage was imposed on a microscopic region of the epithelium as described in Methods. Images show representative time course of confocal imaging of beads or H. pylori (green) in parallel with confocal reflectance (red), without (A) or with (B) photodamage (damage site indicated by asterisk) imposed directly after time zero. As indicated, each time series shows outcomes tracking labeled beads, H. pylori SSI (wild-type), ΔmotB, or ΔcheY. Bar = 50 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2824934_F0001_57435.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	67 yo male patient has a 7 years history of right trigeminal neuralgia and no response to regular medical treatment, above image is T2 weighted MRI that showed no significant changes Apart from high suspension of right vascular loop artifacts around trigeminal nerve entry zone. A and B pictures during surgery of the same patient: picture A there is a compression of the right trigeminal nerve by superior cerebellar artery, picture B showed separation of the artery and nerve with a piece of Teflon
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glqs4un071ug08jc5ar.jpg	Is this finding easy to detect?	Yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4535982_pone.0135605.g001_414486.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Assessment of key elements of the RNAi processing machinery in the mouse epididymis.Adult mouse epididymal sections were dual-labeled with anti-DICER1 and anti-AGO2 antibodies followed by either appropriate anti-rabbit 488 Alexa Fluor (green) or goat anti-rat 594 Alexa Flour-conjugated (red) secondary antibodies, respectively. The tissue sections were then counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and viewed using confocal microscopy. For clarity, DAPI labeling has been omitted from the merged images. E = epididymal epithelium, L = epididymal lumen. Scale bar = 20 μm. These experiments were replicated three times using independent samples from three mice and representative images are shown.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4579827_f3-ol-0-0-3515_426120.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	The in situ expression of TBX5 protein in stage I and II GC specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. (A) Negative TBX5 staining was observed in well-differentiated GC. (B) Weak TBX5 staining in moderately differentiated GC. (C) Strong TBX5 staining in poorly differentiated GC. (Upper panels, magnification ×200; lower panels, magnification ×400). TBX5, T-box transcription factor 5; GC, gastric cancer.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4062849_fig3_299455.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	T1-weighted coronal (a) and sagittal (b) images enhanced with IV-GBCM and T2-weighted coronal (c) images are showing a hyperintense macroadenoma. Convexity of the right side of the gland (arrow heads) and the invasion of the right cavernous sinus (arrows) can be demonstrated on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44324.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Angiography shows successful placement of the stent graft.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34910.jpg	is this a t2 weighted image?	no
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3591383_pone-0057229-g005_190586.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	BiFC view of the interaction between CmeIF(iso)4E and CVBCP in transiently transfected onion cells.Confocal microscopy images showing yellow fluorescence in onion cells transfected with nEYFP-CmeIF(iso)4E and cEYFP-CVBCP. No fluorescence was observed in negative control onion cells co-transfected with nEYFP-CmeIF(iso)4E + cEYFP, nEYFP + cEYFP-CVBCP, or nEYFP + cEYFP. The corresponding differential interference contrast (DIC) images are shown at the top. Bars = 50 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2720231_fig3_42757.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Immunofluoresence staining for uPA, CD44 and MDR1 in primary and metastatic EOCs. Representative images from different patients. Representative confocal images of uPA and CD44 (green; Alexa-488) and MDR1 (red; Alexa-594) expression in EOC primary and metastatic EOC tissues are shown. Low levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (A–C), respectively. Medium levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (D–F), respectively. High levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in metastatic EOC tissues (G–I), respectively. uPA immunolabelling is homogeneous and is generally seen on epithelial and stromal cells. Magnification: A–I × 400.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28443.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Non-hemorrhagic hyperdense fluid in colon in 72-year-old deceased woman (case 12).CT scan obtained 1 hours and 48 minutes after death shows hyperdense content in colon (arrow) similar to case 11. However, this material was not hemorrhagic on subsequent autopsy. It was unclear based on patient's medical history whether she was administered oral contrast medium or other oral medication, such as laxative. Residual contrast material is also observed in kidneys of cases 12 and 16 because contrast-enhanced CT was performed immediately before death. CT = computed tomography
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3254187_F1_121530.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Computed tomography of the abdomen. (A and B) The enlarged bilateral adrenal glands (A) and liver mass (B) before the unilateral adrenalectomy. (C and D) Decreased size of the right adrenal mass at 3 (C) and 12 (D) months after the left adrenalectomy. The arrows show the right adrenal mass.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3262791_pone-0030259-g005_122754.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Internalization of Kae in BHK21 cells.Twenty-four-hour-infected cell monolayers and healthy cells grown on confocal dishes were incubated with 50 µM kae for 2 h. Fluorescence was detected at 480–500 nm after excitation at 405 nm with an argon laser. Images of a single middle layer from z-stacks are shown. (A) Cells infected with JEV for 24 h and then treated with 0.1% DMSO for 2 h; (B) cells infected with JEV for 24 h and then treated with Kae for 2 h; (C) cells treated only with Kae for 2 h. Images represent results from at least three individual experiments. Bar: 50 µm.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1853.jpg	Is uterus present?	no
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4164422_fig1_320311.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	Radiograph taken in A&E department, demonstrating acute transverse right mid-clavicular fracture.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3046168_pone-0017054-g001_88473.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	S. aureus starved for WalK/WalR display thickened cell walls and aberrant division septa.Strain ST1000 carrying a chromosomal Pspac-walRK fusion was grown in TSB +/− 1 mM IPTG, harvested at OD600nm = 1 (corresponding to exponential phase for the culture with IPTG and cessation of growth for the culture without IPTG) and embedded in thin sections for ultrastructure examination by transmission electron microscopy. Panel A: ST1000 grown with 1 mM IPTG. Panel B: ST1000 grown without IPTG. Bars represent 0.5 µm for the upper panels and 2 µm for the lower panels. Black arrows indicate aberrant division septa.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02359.jpg	Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.	X-ray of typical severe osteolytic lesions in a Ewing sarcoma patient (arrows: severe osteolytic lesions).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3882282_pone-0081655-g001_256901.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	DSPP expression in mouse periodontium.In situ hybridization of DSPP in mouse teeth at postnatal days 10 (PD10), 14 and 2 months (2M). a-f. At PD10, PD14 and 2M, DSPP mRNA expression was apparently observed in odontoblasts and moderately in periodontal ligament cells. a’-f’ and a’’-f’’. Higher magnification of A and B boxes in a-f, showing the expression of DSPP mRNA in odontoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. C, cement; D, dentin; Od, odontoblasts; Pdl, periodontal ligament cells. a-f, bars 200 μM; a’-f’, bars 50 μM.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3806124_fig1_238954.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	(a) Chest X-ray image showed a mass shadow in the cardiac silhouette obscuring the azygoesophageal line (arrowhead). (b) and (c) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass in the subcarinal azygoesophageal recess. The mass was hyperintense on T2-weighted images (arrowhead) (b). Flow voids (arrowhead) were detected within the mass (c). (d) and (e): On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, the mass was enhanced homogeneously and intensely (arrowhead) (d), and enlarged vessels were detected just cephalad to the tumor (arrowhead) (e).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3838408_pone-0080643-g004_245693.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	GUS expression controlled by the CPS promoter in transgenic plants of Artemisia annua.A: leaf primordia; B: lower leaf; C: leaf at bottom at early vegetative stage; D: leaf primordia; E: leaf at upper node; F: close-up of panel E; G: leaf at upper node; H: leaf at lower node at late vegetative stage; I: leaf at lower node at late vegetative stage; K: stem; L: stem; M: flower buds; N: flowers at early flowering stage; O: floret; P: flowers at late flowering stage; Q: florets; R: pollen; S: flower bracts; T: roots.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4246725_f1-ol-09-01-0275_339975.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Immunohistochemical staining of the tissues was performed. (A) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with dark nucleoli (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magification, x200). (B and C) Tumor tissue identified in the breast. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, x200. (C) Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, x100.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3089832_F0001_94769.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	a) The bullets left nipple line wound; b) chest X-ray shows the intracardiac bullet; c) CT of the thorax reveals bilateral hemothorax and a huge fluid collection in the pericardium. The ribs were undamaged. The trajectory of the bullet was deviated by the finger seems to be from the left to the right side of chest
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4330697_F1_359045.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Representative images showing RSI z-score maps across Gleason scores: the y-axis shows the pathologic Gleason score with the x-axis designating the MRI sequence. The last column displays the whole-mount pathology with the corresponding cancer region of interest circled in black. The star in the top right pathologic figure represents the pattern 3 + 3 prostate cancer while the other lesions are 4 + 3. White arrowheads in the higher-grade patients show areas of signal void, which could be interpreted as false positives on the ADC maps.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4474437_pone.0131137.g007_398238.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Effect of VSV M2 and M3 expression on nucleus-cytoplasm transport of mRNAs.BHK-T7 cells were transfected for 2 h with pTM1 empty (mock) or pTM1 encoding M1, M2 or M3 proteins. Cells were fixed 6 hpt and in situ hybridization with fluorescein-labeled oligo (dT) probe was carried out to detect cellular mRNAs. VSV M proteins were visualized by immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal antibodies against M1 (αM) and the corresponding mouse secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa 555. To-Pro3 was used as a nuclear marker. Images were acquired with a confocal microscope. Merged images are shown on the right.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3882776_F5_256989.jpg	Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.	Three-dimensional structures of AmpC and Pbp2 proteins. A) Three-dimensional structure of β-lactamase (AmpC). B) Three-dimensional structure of penicillin-binding protein (Pbp2). Sites that show evidences for positive selection (PP > 99%) are depicted as red spheres. And sites (PP > 95%) are depicted as yellow spheres.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4642644_Fig2_443449.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Niche surface during hysteroscopic evaluation of proximal part of the niche, several small vessels that easily bleed can be visualised
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16870.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Enhanced extraconal and intraconal infiltrations in the left orbit, and an inferolateral view of the silicone ball sphere in the eyelid.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3946595_pone-0090715-g001_272666.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Morphological characterization of GFBLs and SFBLs in 3D cultures.Representative images of GFBL and breast SFBL 3D cultures seven days post-seeding as assessed by phase contrast microscopy, β-actin and β-tubulin immunostaining and DAPI nuclear staining. GFBLs adopted a more elongated shape of the cell body and nucleus, whereas SFBLs were wider in morphology. Cells In GFBL cultures were arranged parallel to each another, while they were more randomly distributed in SFBL cultures. Magnification bars: 50 µm (main figure); 10 µm (insert).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_2621.jpg	What does this image show?	skin ulceration and necrosis
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05379.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Extraoral radiograph of a lytic lesion in the right maxillary sinus, with the erosion of the lateral wall and displacement of tooth 17 distally
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3880180_F2_256337.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Iodinated, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the head and neck (cross-section) showing non-enhancing, homogenous enlargement of the right tonsil.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3749113_pone-0072212-g002_225935.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	Reduced neural responsivity in the left premotor cortex to tactile stimulation of the leg that felt alienated in individuals with Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID; group×ownership interaction).The figure shows one significant cluster including the ventral (PMv; middle) and dorsal (PMd; right). This analysis assesses neural responsivity to tactile stimulation of the leg that felt alienated versus the leg that felt a normal part of the body in individuals with BIID, in comparison to stimulation of the corresponding legs in healthy controls (z>2.3, p<0.05, corrected).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2689933_pgen-1000523-g006_39483.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Immunohistochemical staining of XBP1 protein in the paired lesional (A,B) and non-lesional skin (C,D) of a patient with vitiligo (magnifications: (A,C)×200; (B,D)×400).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3683004_pone-0066487-g005_211515.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	NeuroD1/BrdU double stainings on telencephalic and cerebellar sections of a juvenile X. laevis brain.(A–J) Telencephalon high magnifications of NeuroD1 in situ hybridizations (A, C, F and H) combined with BrdU immunodetections (B, C, F and H) after 14-days BrdU post-administration time. Arrows indicate double stained cells. DAPI stainings are indicated to certify the presence of the nucleus. (K–T) Low magnifications of the above NeuroD1/BrdU/DAPI triple labelling experiments showing larger view of telencephalon (K–O) and cerebellum (P–T). For all images, dorsal is to the top. Scale bar = 15 µm in A–J; 45 µm in K–T.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4227272_ijms-15-19253-f004_334936.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	DRAM1 knockdown blocks autophagy by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome infusion. (A) After OGD/R 12 h treatment, Neuro-2a cells were incubated with LysoTracker Red (50 mM) for 30 min; and (B) After DRAM1 siRNA or chloroquine pretreatment and red fluorescent protein–Green fluorescent protein–microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (RFP–GFP–LC3) reporter plasmid transfection, Neuro-2a cells were subjected to OGD/R 12 h and then observed with confocal microscope. Scale bar = 15 µm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2999452_f06_80683.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Colocalization of phagocytosed GFP-expressing KS20 borrelia with LysoTracker Red-stained phagolysosomes in IDE12 and DAE15 cells. IDE12 and DAE15 cells were incubated overnight with GFP-expressing KS20 borreliae, stained with LysoTracker Red, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and counterstained with DAPI to stain the DNA of spirochetes and cell nuclei. Phagocytosed borreliae are indicated by arrows. Note the loss of GFP fluorescence by phagocytosed the spirochetes (arrows) whereas GFP fluorescence is retained by extracellular spirochetes (arrowhead). Scale bar, 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4485496_fig1_400960.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy of the human conjunctiva in glaucoma patients and control group. (Letter A) Basal epithelial cells of conjunctiva, (Letter B) goblet cells, (Letter C) dendritic cells, and (Letter D) subepithelial fibers. (Number 1) Control group, (Number 2) beta-blockers group, (Number 3) alpha adrenergic agonists group, (Number 4) prostaglandin group, and (Number 5) combination therapy group. The scale bar indicates 50 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4618347_Fig3_436379.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Immunohistochemical analysis for CD4 in spleen tissues from EAE mice (a:10x, A1 magnification:40x) and mice treated with 1 % CBD-cream (b:10x, B1 magnification:40x). Immunohistochemical image for CD8α localization of EAE mice (c:10x, C1 magnification:40x) compared to CBD topical treated mice (d:10x, D1 magnification:40x) in spleen tissues
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2533.jpg	Is fracture present?	no
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1764718_pone-0000156-g006_8340.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Good survival of F3.VEGF human neural stem cells pre-labeled with adeno-LacZ (β-gal) was found in hemorrhage core or lesion border of experimental ICH mouse brain 8 weeks post-transplantation. A large number of LacZ+ F3.VEGF human neural stem cells were found to migrate to contralateral side of hemisphere via corpus callosum (A). Higher magnification of migrating F3.VEGF cells is also shown (B–D). LacZ+ F3.VEGF cells differentiate into neurons as shown by β-gal+/NF-L+ (E–G), β-gal+NF-H+ (H–J) and β-gal/MAP2 (K–M) and also into astrocytes as demonstrated by β-gal+/GFAP+ staining (N–P). Bar indicates 50 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4674562_F1_452429.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Magnetization transfer imaging. Axial FLAIR (A) demonstrating a large demyelinating lesion in the white matter posterior to the Sylvian fissure. Magnetization transfer image (B) demonstrates a band of normal white matter signal intensity across the mid aspect of the lesion (solid arrow) compatible with partial remyelination.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3502796_fig2_167341.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Reattachment of fractured tooth segments and reinforcing the attachment by pre-fabricated fiber post. (a) Clinical appearance of the patient, (b) preoperative radiograph, (c) reattachment of fractured tooth segment, and splinting with stainless steel wire and light cure composite resin, (d) radiograph showing fiber post reinforcing the attachment, (e) clinical view after removal of the splint, and (f) clinical view showing orthodontic treatment in progress.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_20923.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	The entrapped guidewire
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2706792_F1_41153.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	The regions of pQCT BMD and BAp axis measures in the L4 specimens.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3742233_f1-ijms-14-14085_224429.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Laser scanning confocal microscopy showing localization of proNGF in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra of adult rats. The proNGF/TH double-labeled cells are densely distributed in the A9 ventral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta (A–C); The proNGF-positive punctuates or granules (green or yellow color) are localized in neuronal cytoplasm, membrane and extracellular matrix (D,E). Arrows indicate proNGF/TH double-labeled neurons (C″), while arrowheads indicate TH single-labeled neurons (C″) or show proNGF-positive punctuates (D,E). Abbreviations: SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticularis; VTA, ventral tegemental area.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4525758_fig2_411989.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	MRCP image showing the single cystic duct, draining to a common hepatic duct.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18993.jpg	which organ system is shown in the ultrasound?	genitourinary
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47291.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Chest computed tomography showing diffuse ground-glass opacities.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7807.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz2dop0086uc0952vut.jpg	Are there any abnormalities in the image?	No
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3996445_F0001_283292.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Mammographie de face opacité rétroaréolaire droite de forme arrondie bien limitée de contours irréguliers, flous, avec fines spicules, hétérogènes sans foyer de microcalcifications. Cette opacité est classée ACR 4
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1758.jpg	Where is this?	urinary
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4364577_Fig5_368929.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Effect of PCE on mesangial cell proliferation in the renal glomeruli. Immunofluorescence staining was performed with anti-thy 1.1, which is a specific marker for mesangial cells, and anti-PCNA antibody and visualized with Texas-red and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), respectively, using a fluorescence microscope. Representative merged micrographs (yellow) of four independent experiments are shown at 400× magnification.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4665947_Fig2_449113.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Representative images of various degrees of synovitis and condylar enhancement on qualitative assessment. Coronal T1 weighted pre- (top) and post contrast (bottom) images of TMJs with: no evidence of synovitis or condylar enhancement (a, b), mild synovitis without condylar enhancement (c, d) and moderate/severe synovitis with mild condylar enhancement (e, f)
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36774.jpg	is this image modality t1, t2, or flair?	flair
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2347.jpg	Is bone marrow present?	yes
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic30862.jpg	is this a contrast or noncontrast ct?	contrast
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3660582_pone-0063902-g004_206053.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Localization of TnC in the fetal mammary gland.Immunohistochemical localization of TnC in (A) vehicle and (B) BPA-exposed mammary glands of ERα(+/+) mice at E19. Red alkaline phosphatase staining of TnC is observed in the peri-ductal stroma. (*epithelial ducts; scale bar = 100 µm).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2761003_fig04_47877.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3368843_pone-0038343-g006_140788.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Pulsed ultrasound radiation affects the arrangement of actin cytoskeleton in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.Pulsed ultrasound was applied for 1 min, cells were then rinsed three times with fresh DPBS (total time,10 min), then fixed and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. Actin stress fibers were imaged in control cells (A) and 10 min (B) after ultrasound radiation. Actin stress fibers increased following pulsed ultrasound radiation. Scale bar, 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3475082_F2_161092.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Pulmonary pathology in M. tuberculosis infected guinea pigs. The figure depicts (A) representative photograph showing gross pathology of lungs of M. tuberculosis infected guinea pigs at 10 weeks post-infection; (B) lower magnification photomicrograph of H&E stained, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded 5 μm section of lung tissue exhibiting multiple coalescing granulomas with central necrotic core and (C) photomicrograph (at 40X) of Van Gieson stained 5 μm lung section exhibiting extensive fibrosis as evident from thick bands of collagen (red color) around the granulomatous regions. Scale bar represents 1000 μm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3139140_fig8_102669.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	F-18 FDG PET findings in a 1-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis. (a) FDG PET portion of PET-CT scan showed reduced metabolism in the multiple areas of the tubers, with significant reduction in the focus in the right parasagittal frontal lobe (arrow). (b) CT portion of PET-CT scan showing sclerosis in the region of the right parasagittal frontal lobe tuber (arrow). (c) PET-CT fusion image showing that the areas of decreased metabolism correspond to the prominent right parasagittal frontal lobe tuber.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4241315_fig2_338661.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Curcumin prevents remodeling of the aortic wall. (a) The upper photos were H&E staining (40x, scale bars equal 200 μm) of abdominal aortic cross-section from each group. (b) The middle photos were VVG elastin staining. Scale bars equal 200 μm (40x, middle). (c) The bottom photos were the magnification of (b). Scale bars equal 20 μm (400x, bottom).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3573027_pone-0055828-g012_185694.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	RGMa and Neogenin are expressed on Bergmann glia.Immunohistochemistry for RGMa (A, C), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (B–C, E–F) and Neogenin (D, F) on coronal mouse brain sections at P5 visualized by confocal microscopy. Sections are counterstained in blue with fluorescent Nissl. (A–F) RGMa and Neogenin immunostaining (in red) colocalizes with GFAP-positive staining (in green) on Bergmann glial fibers (arrows). Granule cells in the external granular layer (EGL) also express Neogenin. IGL, internal granular layer; PCL, Purkinje cell layer; WM, white matter.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4675535_pone.0144771.g002_452695.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Inferior intercavernous sinus but not anterior intercavernous sinus was found in the cadaver (a) or CE-MRI image (b: sagittal, c: horizontal, d: coronal).BA: basilar artery; BS: basilar sinus; CS: cavernous sinus; DSS: dorsum sellae sinus; H: hypophysis; ICA: internal carotid artery; IIS: inferior intercavernous sinus; OP: optic nerve; SH: stalk of hypophsis; SP: sphenoid sinus. Direction: A-superior; P-posterior; S-superior; I-inferior.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3248115_F2_120502.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Cellular localization of p53 full length and its deletion mutantsMCF-7 cells were transfected with p53 constructs to overexpress p53 full length or its domain deletion mutants (A) Schematic diagram of p53-DsRed2 full length or domain deletion mutants (B) Immunoblotting analysis for p53 and its mutants. (C) p53-DsRed2 transfected cells labeled with anti-mtHsp70 were visualized by confocal microscope. (D) Mander's Overlap Co-efficient between the various p53 constructs and mtHsp70 as determined as described in Fig. 1 D. (E) Cellular fraction were obtained as described in Fig. 1 E.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo910k074y2jz12pby.jpg	Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?	Z-line
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3063347_F0001_90977.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Plain radiograph of left clavicle. (AC: Acromion. CL: Clavicle. R: 1st rib). Arrow depicts prominent medial screw lateral to the 1st rib
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4428864_pone.0127049.g004_385574.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Coronal slices of 7T SWI of the brainstem in subject M2.Distance of each slice from the midline crossing of the anterior commissure are noted at the bottom of each coronal slice.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3943985_F1_272032.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Recurrent parotid cancer. a). MRI. b). Intraoperative findings ( before removing mastoid process). Working space is significantly narrow (↔) between mastoid process and the tumor. 1) the tumor, 2) mastoid process. c). After removing mastoid process. Expanding the working space facilitates identification of the facial nerve and dissection of parotid tumor without retracting the facial nerve (arrow).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4339690_Fig3_362000.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	18F-florbetaben PET scan duration is flexible. Transverse PET slices of an Alzheimer’s disease patient (upper row) and of a healthy control (lower row) of different scan durations, all starting 90 min after tracer administration. No relevant loss of image quality and discrimination ability reducing scan time from 20 to 10 min or 5 min. Reprinted from ref. [21], ©2013 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4536492_f3_414609.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	Pattern of staining by MGA mAbs in breast carcinoma tissues.(A) Representative images showing immnuostaining of MHG1152, MGD785, CHH11617, CHH995 and MJF656A in breast cancer mammary gland and stroma. (B) Representative images showing staining of MGD785 in the secretions of mammary gland. (C) Representative images showing staining of MJF656 in tumor cells that shed into the mammary gland cavity (a) and blood vessel (b). a: MGA staining, b: MGA and CD34 double staining (MGA: pink, CD34: brown). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of breast carcinoma were stained with the indicated MGA mAbs. Scale bar: 20 μm, magnification: ×100. “M” indicates MGA staining on the cell membrane.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_head/train_1212.jpg	Is micrognathia triploid fetus present?	no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4288791_fig5_349559.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Example of hippocampus XOR regions, for STEPS-KN-BSI, pBSI1, pBSIγ, and gBSI, obtained on an AD patient. In yellow binary XOR regions and in a red-yellow scale the XOR gBSI values from 0 to 1. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; BSI, boundary shift integral; gBSI, generalized boundary shift integral. (For interpretation of the references to color in this Figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46959.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Ultrasound image – left testis focally normal.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4446005_Fig1_390175.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Most important anatomical structures involved in the cerebrocerebellar neurocognitive regulatory system; axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at the level of the midbrain (A) and brachium pontis (D) and cross-sectional color maps derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with T1-weighted anatomical information at the level of the interpeduncular fossa (B) and the pons (C). The cerebellorubral tract connects the dentate nucleus (D, arrow) with the contralateral red nucleus (A, arrow). Its fibers are a component of the brachium conjunctivum (C, arrow) and cross the midline via the decussation (B, arrow) of the superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva) just below the level of the inferior colliculi.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3170317_F1_107910.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	CT angiogram verifying the presence of a mass inside the right atrium occupying almost the whole cavity.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3916105_fig1_264849.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Original MRI and PET images: (a)–(c) MRI; (d)–(f) PET.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3474712_pone-0047651-g001_160907.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	Mayfly Borinquena parva with a tiny phoretic Collembola syninclusion at the base of the right forewing; Miocene Dominican amber.A, photomicrograph of specimen in amber; B, close up of A; C, close up CT scan of collembolan in lateral view; D, CT scan of specimen – region as in B; E, CT scan of collembolan and mayfly wing in dorsal view; Abbreviations: a = antenna, ab = abdomen, f = furca, h = head; wing veins: C = costa, RA = radius anterior, Sc = subcosta, ScA+ = costal brace. Body length of Collembola 228 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3638698_fig3_201744.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Liver metastases in the same patient compared with contrast-enhanced CT, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and PET/CT scan. 76 y. male with history of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation followed by low anterior resection. Segment 5 and caudate lesions, now with segment 6 lesion not seen on CT scan (a) but present on PET (c) and MRI with Eovist (b).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1645.jpg	What does this image show?	ileum
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyadnwc086ua6dmeyak.jpg	Are there any abnormalities in the image?	No
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19534.jpg	what is most alarming about this ct scan?	histoplasmosis
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3126840_pone-0021755-g004_101025.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Radiographic analyses of mice reveal multiple subcutaneous ossifications.X-rays of 12 month +/−p and WT mice. A) 12 month +/−p female with no ossifications visualized; B) 12 month +/−p male, inset and arrows demonstrate areas consistent with ossifications; C) 12 month WT without areas of ossifications.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3531250_F1_175205.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	Original and program output sample images for X-ray, mixed beam and alpha-particle irradiated VH10 cells. Images were captured 1 h after irradiation. A-C: Original images. A: 0.20 Gy X-rays, B: 0.27 Gy alpha particles, C: 0.27 Gy mixed beams (0.20 Gy X-rays + 0.07 Gy alpha particles), D-F, corresponding program output images. D: Analysis image from A, X-rays. E: Analysis image from B, alpha particles. F: Analysis image from C, mixed beams. In images D-F: red dots = small foci, green dots = large foci.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3863501_fig4_251954.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	GPER mediates PI3K activation in Hec50 cells. (a) Hec50 cells were transfected with no siRNA (mock transfected), control siRNA or siRNA targeting GPER (GPER siRNA), and the PH-RFP reporter. Transfected Hec50 cells were stimulated with vehicle, estrogen (10 nM E2), or G-1 (10 nM). (b) Hec50 cells transfected with no siRNA (mock transfected) and control siRNA or siRNA targeting GPER (GPER siRNA) were stained for GPER (with carboxy-terminal antibody) to demonstrate the specific knockdown of GPER in the GPER siRNA-treated cells.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2841143_F9_59546.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Immunofluorescent staining of ErbB1-4 receptors, phospho-ErbB2 and phospho-ErbB4 receptors in +SA cells after treatment with, γ-tocotrienol (γT3), erlotinib (E), gefitinib (G), alone or in combination. +SA mammary tumor cells were plated at a density of 2 × 105 cells per well in 6 well plate (3 replicates/group) and incubated with control or treatment media for 4 days. The cells were then fixed with methanol and incubated with primary antibody directed against specific ErbB receptors followed by rhodamine conjugated secondary antibody, as described in the Methods section. Magnification is 200×.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4029599_pone-0097434-g002_290510.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	The p27 and p57 proteins are localized to the nucleus in G-phase TGCs.After three days of FGF4 deprivation, wild-type TGCs were cultured for 20 min in the presence of EdU (10 µM) to label S-phase cells. After fixation, EdU was detected using Click-iT chemistry (green), and the cells were stained with either anti-p57 (cyan) (A, C) or anti-p27 (red) (B, C) antibodies, and with Hoechst 33342 to visualize nuclear DNA (gray). Images were acquired with a confocal microscope (63x objective). The bottom panels are higher magnifications of merged images in order to visualize differential staining of EdU, p27 and p57. Scale bars represent 50 µm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3706011_fig1_216617.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Wrist ultrasound at the carpal tunnel inlet for patient with mild CTS: (a) medial and (b) lateral aspects of the wrist (the tracing method for measuring the cross sectional area of the median nerve which was 10 mm2). UA: ulnar artery, UN: ulnar nerve in the Guyon canal, Pbone: pisiform bone, MN: median nerve.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2063611_fig04_14637.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Immunofluorescence analysis of mast cell secretory granules in BMMCs derived from Rab27-deficient miceBone marrow-derived mast cells derived from Rab27aash/+Rab27b−/+ (Double het), Rab27aash/ash (Rab27a KO), Rab27b−/− (Rab27b KO) and Rab27aash/ashRab27b−/− (Double KO) were subjected to immunofluorescence as described under Materials and Methods, and stained with anti-histamine (green) and anti-alpha-tubulin (red) antibodies. Representative projected images using confocal microscopy as described under Materials and Methods are shown. Bar, 5 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4237077_f2-mmr-11-01-0113_337501.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Prussian blue staining of the SPIO-labeled rat BMSCs. The labeling efficiency of the blue-stained iron particles in the cytoplasm was 99%. (A) Magnification, ×200; (B) magnification, ×400. (C) T2 and (D) T2* magnetic resonance imaging of the SPIO-labeled rat BMSCs. The scale bar is 10 μm. SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4058127_fig8_298274.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Lung slides of rabbits treated by haloperidol (HAL) and intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) or normal saline (NS). Magnification = ×400. (a) Received aseptic distilled water and 18 mL/kg ILE 20%. (b) Received HAL and 18 mL/kg normal saline. (c) Received HAL and 12 mL/kg of ILE 20%. (d) Received HAL and 18 mL/kg of ILE20%.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2740172_fig-001_45457.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	Computed Tomography images. CT of (a) the chest, (b) abdomen and (c) pelvis (soft-tissue gating). (a) A large hypodense filling defect is seen, 3.1 cm in diameter, traversing the right atrium to the right ventricle (arrow) with bilateral small pleural effusions and atelectasis. There was no evidence of a pulmonary embolism (images not shown); (b) Distension of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with the same tissue density thrombus (arrow) as was seen in (a) and with evidence of some linear enhancement, difficult to appreciate here, suggestive of a tumor thrombus; (c) A 6.2 x 3.9 cm lobulated pelvic mass (arrow) which was inseparable from the internal iliac vein.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvk90vc074y037obpbz.jpg	Is this finding easy to detect?	No
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1043.jpg	What is present?	oral
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4677187_fig1_453135.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	(a) Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of MRI on admission were interpreted as normal, but in retrospect, they show an indistinct high-intensity area in the right frontal subcortical white matter (arrowhead). (b) FLAIR images of MRI on the next day reveal high-intensity areas, presumed to be vasogenic edema, in the right frontal, bilateral parietal, and left occipital subcortical white matter (arrowheads). (c) The repeat MRI performed one month later shows the disappearance of all lesions.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26412.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	After removal of the plate, there was no reduction loss and no increased coraclavicular distance
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22455.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Working Length determination radiograph with four K-files.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2700456_F0001_40503.jpg

Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.

Chest X ray showing a bilateral mass lesions

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54472.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

IOUS. Hypoechoic tumor of the body of the pancreas (arrow) which needs to be differentiated from a neuroendocrine lesion, secondary tumors and small cyst or cystic tumor

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4102597_ppat-1004275-g009_307199.jpg

Offer a thorough analysis of the image

H. pylori accumulation near gastric surface after microscopic damage.Fluorescently labeled H. pylori or beads were added to luminal fluid bathing the exposed gastric mucosa. Two-photon damage was imposed on a microscopic region of the epithelium as described in Methods. Images show representative time course of confocal imaging of beads or H. pylori (green) in parallel with confocal reflectance (red), without (A) or with (B) photodamage (damage site indicated by asterisk) imposed directly after time zero. As indicated, each time series shows outcomes tracking labeled beads, H. pylori SSI (wild-type), ΔmotB, or ΔcheY. Bar = 50 µm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2824934_F0001_57435.jpg

Offer a thorough analysis of the image

67 yo male patient has a 7 years history of right trigeminal neuralgia and no response to regular medical treatment, above image is T2 weighted MRI that showed no significant changes Apart from high suspension of right vascular loop artifacts around trigeminal nerve entry zone. A and B pictures during surgery of the same patient: picture A there is a compression of the right trigeminal nerve by superior cerebellar artery, picture B showed separation of the artery and nerve with a piece of Teflon

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glqs4un071ug08jc5ar.jpg

Is this finding easy to detect?

Yes

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4535982_pone.0135605.g001_414486.jpg

Describe the following image in detail

Assessment of key elements of the RNAi processing machinery in the mouse epididymis.Adult mouse epididymal sections were dual-labeled with anti-DICER1 and anti-AGO2 antibodies followed by either appropriate anti-rabbit 488 Alexa Fluor (green) or goat anti-rat 594 Alexa Flour-conjugated (red) secondary antibodies, respectively. The tissue sections were then counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and viewed using confocal microscopy. For clarity, DAPI labeling has been omitted from the merged images. E = epididymal epithelium, L = epididymal lumen. Scale bar = 20 μm. These experiments were replicated three times using independent samples from three mice and representative images are shown.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4579827_f3-ol-0-0-3515_426120.jpg

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The in situ expression of TBX5 protein in stage I and II GC specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. (A) Negative TBX5 staining was observed in well-differentiated GC. (B) Weak TBX5 staining in moderately differentiated GC. (C) Strong TBX5 staining in poorly differentiated GC. (Upper panels, magnification ×200; lower panels, magnification ×400). TBX5, T-box transcription factor 5; GC, gastric cancer.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4062849_fig3_299455.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

T1-weighted coronal (a) and sagittal (b) images enhanced with IV-GBCM and T2-weighted coronal (c) images are showing a hyperintense macroadenoma. Convexity of the right side of the gland (arrow heads) and the invasion of the right cavernous sinus (arrows) can be demonstrated on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44324.jpg

Provide a brief description of the given image.

Angiography shows successful placement of the stent graft.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34910.jpg

is this a t2 weighted image?

no

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3591383_pone-0057229-g005_190586.jpg

Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail

BiFC view of the interaction between CmeIF(iso)4E and CVBCP in transiently transfected onion cells.Confocal microscopy images showing yellow fluorescence in onion cells transfected with nEYFP-CmeIF(iso)4E and cEYFP-CVBCP. No fluorescence was observed in negative control onion cells co-transfected with nEYFP-CmeIF(iso)4E + cEYFP, nEYFP + cEYFP-CVBCP, or nEYFP + cEYFP. The corresponding differential interference contrast (DIC) images are shown at the top. Bars = 50 µm.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2720231_fig3_42757.jpg

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Immunofluoresence staining for uPA, CD44 and MDR1 in primary and metastatic EOCs. Representative images from different patients. Representative confocal images of uPA and CD44 (green; Alexa-488) and MDR1 (red; Alexa-594) expression in EOC primary and metastatic EOC tissues are shown. Low levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (A–C), respectively. Medium levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (D–F), respectively. High levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in metastatic EOC tissues (G–I), respectively. uPA immunolabelling is homogeneous and is generally seen on epithelial and stromal cells. Magnification: A–I × 400.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28443.jpg

Provide a detailed description of the given image

Non-hemorrhagic hyperdense fluid in colon in 72-year-old deceased woman (case 12).CT scan obtained 1 hours and 48 minutes after death shows hyperdense content in colon (arrow) similar to case 11. However, this material was not hemorrhagic on subsequent autopsy. It was unclear based on patient's medical history whether she was administered oral contrast medium or other oral medication, such as laxative. Residual contrast material is also observed in kidneys of cases 12 and 16 because contrast-enhanced CT was performed immediately before death. CT = computed tomography

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3254187_F1_121530.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Computed tomography of the abdomen. (A and B) The enlarged bilateral adrenal glands (A) and liver mass (B) before the unilateral adrenalectomy. (C and D) Decreased size of the right adrenal mass at 3 (C) and 12 (D) months after the left adrenalectomy. The arrows show the right adrenal mass.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3262791_pone-0030259-g005_122754.jpg

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Internalization of Kae in BHK21 cells.Twenty-four-hour-infected cell monolayers and healthy cells grown on confocal dishes were incubated with 50 µM kae for 2 h. Fluorescence was detected at 480–500 nm after excitation at 405 nm with an argon laser. Images of a single middle layer from z-stacks are shown. (A) Cells infected with JEV for 24 h and then treated with 0.1% DMSO for 2 h; (B) cells infected with JEV for 24 h and then treated with Kae for 2 h; (C) cells treated only with Kae for 2 h. Images represent results from at least three individual experiments. Bar: 50 µm.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1853.jpg

Is uterus present?

no

splits/sfolder_3/PMC4164422_fig1_320311.jpg

Describe the image concisely.

Radiograph taken in A&E department, demonstrating acute transverse right mid-clavicular fracture.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3046168_pone-0017054-g001_88473.jpg

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S. aureus starved for WalK/WalR display thickened cell walls and aberrant division septa.Strain ST1000 carrying a chromosomal Pspac-walRK fusion was grown in TSB +/− 1 mM IPTG, harvested at OD600nm = 1 (corresponding to exponential phase for the culture with IPTG and cessation of growth for the culture without IPTG) and embedded in thin sections for ultrastructure examination by transmission electron microscopy. Panel A: ST1000 grown with 1 mM IPTG. Panel B: ST1000 grown without IPTG. Bars represent 0.5 µm for the upper panels and 2 µm for the lower panels. Black arrows indicate aberrant division septa.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02359.jpg

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X-ray of typical severe osteolytic lesions in a Ewing sarcoma patient (arrows: severe osteolytic lesions).

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3882282_pone-0081655-g001_256901.jpg

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DSPP expression in mouse periodontium.In situ hybridization of DSPP in mouse teeth at postnatal days 10 (PD10), 14 and 2 months (2M). a-f. At PD10, PD14 and 2M, DSPP mRNA expression was apparently observed in odontoblasts and moderately in periodontal ligament cells. a’-f’ and a’’-f’’. Higher magnification of A and B boxes in a-f, showing the expression of DSPP mRNA in odontoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. C, cement; D, dentin; Od, odontoblasts; Pdl, periodontal ligament cells. a-f, bars 200 μM; a’-f’, bars 50 μM.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3806124_fig1_238954.jpg

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(a) Chest X-ray image showed a mass shadow in the cardiac silhouette obscuring the azygoesophageal line (arrowhead). (b) and (c) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass in the subcarinal azygoesophageal recess. The mass was hyperintense on T2-weighted images (arrowhead) (b). Flow voids (arrowhead) were detected within the mass (c). (d) and (e): On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, the mass was enhanced homogeneously and intensely (arrowhead) (d), and enlarged vessels were detected just cephalad to the tumor (arrowhead) (e).

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3838408_pone-0080643-g004_245693.jpg

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GUS expression controlled by the CPS promoter in transgenic plants of Artemisia annua.A: leaf primordia; B: lower leaf; C: leaf at bottom at early vegetative stage; D: leaf primordia; E: leaf at upper node; F: close-up of panel E; G: leaf at upper node; H: leaf at lower node at late vegetative stage; I: leaf at lower node at late vegetative stage; K: stem; L: stem; M: flower buds; N: flowers at early flowering stage; O: floret; P: flowers at late flowering stage; Q: florets; R: pollen; S: flower bracts; T: roots.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4246725_f1-ol-09-01-0275_339975.jpg

Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.

Immunohistochemical staining of the tissues was performed. (A) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with dark nucleoli (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magification, x200). (B and C) Tumor tissue identified in the breast. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, x200. (C) Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, x100.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3089832_F0001_94769.jpg

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a) The bullets left nipple line wound; b) chest X-ray shows the intracardiac bullet; c) CT of the thorax reveals bilateral hemothorax and a huge fluid collection in the pericardium. The ribs were undamaged. The trajectory of the bullet was deviated by the finger seems to be from the left to the right side of chest

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4330697_F1_359045.jpg

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Representative images showing RSI z-score maps across Gleason scores: the y-axis shows the pathologic Gleason score with the x-axis designating the MRI sequence. The last column displays the whole-mount pathology with the corresponding cancer region of interest circled in black. The star in the top right pathologic figure represents the pattern 3 + 3 prostate cancer while the other lesions are 4 + 3. White arrowheads in the higher-grade patients show areas of signal void, which could be interpreted as false positives on the ADC maps.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4474437_pone.0131137.g007_398238.jpg

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Effect of VSV M2 and M3 expression on nucleus-cytoplasm transport of mRNAs.BHK-T7 cells were transfected for 2 h with pTM1 empty (mock) or pTM1 encoding M1, M2 or M3 proteins. Cells were fixed 6 hpt and in situ hybridization with fluorescein-labeled oligo (dT) probe was carried out to detect cellular mRNAs. VSV M proteins were visualized by immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal antibodies against M1 (αM) and the corresponding mouse secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa 555. To-Pro3 was used as a nuclear marker. Images were acquired with a confocal microscope. Merged images are shown on the right.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3882776_F5_256989.jpg

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Three-dimensional structures of AmpC and Pbp2 proteins. A) Three-dimensional structure of β-lactamase (AmpC). B) Three-dimensional structure of penicillin-binding protein (Pbp2). Sites that show evidences for positive selection (PP > 99%) are depicted as red spheres. And sites (PP > 95%) are depicted as yellow spheres.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4642644_Fig2_443449.jpg

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Niche surface during hysteroscopic evaluation of proximal part of the niche, several small vessels that easily bleed can be visualised

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16870.jpg

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Enhanced extraconal and intraconal infiltrations in the left orbit, and an inferolateral view of the silicone ball sphere in the eyelid.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3946595_pone-0090715-g001_272666.jpg

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Morphological characterization of GFBLs and SFBLs in 3D cultures.Representative images of GFBL and breast SFBL 3D cultures seven days post-seeding as assessed by phase contrast microscopy, β-actin and β-tubulin immunostaining and DAPI nuclear staining. GFBLs adopted a more elongated shape of the cell body and nucleus, whereas SFBLs were wider in morphology. Cells In GFBL cultures were arranged parallel to each another, while they were more randomly distributed in SFBL cultures. Magnification bars: 50 µm (main figure); 10 µm (insert).

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_2621.jpg

What does this image show?

skin ulceration and necrosis

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05379.jpg

Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.

Extraoral radiograph of a lytic lesion in the right maxillary sinus, with the erosion of the lateral wall and displacement of tooth 17 distally

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3880180_F2_256337.jpg

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Iodinated, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the head and neck (cross-section) showing non-enhancing, homogenous enlargement of the right tonsil.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3749113_pone-0072212-g002_225935.jpg

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Reduced neural responsivity in the left premotor cortex to tactile stimulation of the leg that felt alienated in individuals with Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID; group×ownership interaction).The figure shows one significant cluster including the ventral (PMv; middle) and dorsal (PMd; right). This analysis assesses neural responsivity to tactile stimulation of the leg that felt alienated versus the leg that felt a normal part of the body in individuals with BIID, in comparison to stimulation of the corresponding legs in healthy controls (z>2.3, p<0.05, corrected).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2689933_pgen-1000523-g006_39483.jpg

Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.

Immunohistochemical staining of XBP1 protein in the paired lesional (A,B) and non-lesional skin (C,D) of a patient with vitiligo (magnifications: (A,C)×200; (B,D)×400).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3683004_pone-0066487-g005_211515.jpg

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NeuroD1/BrdU double stainings on telencephalic and cerebellar sections of a juvenile X. laevis brain.(A–J) Telencephalon high magnifications of NeuroD1 in situ hybridizations (A, C, F and H) combined with BrdU immunodetections (B, C, F and H) after 14-days BrdU post-administration time. Arrows indicate double stained cells. DAPI stainings are indicated to certify the presence of the nucleus. (K–T) Low magnifications of the above NeuroD1/BrdU/DAPI triple labelling experiments showing larger view of telencephalon (K–O) and cerebellum (P–T). For all images, dorsal is to the top. Scale bar = 15 µm in A–J; 45 µm in K–T.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4227272_ijms-15-19253-f004_334936.jpg

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DRAM1 knockdown blocks autophagy by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome infusion. (A) After OGD/R 12 h treatment, Neuro-2a cells were incubated with LysoTracker Red (50 mM) for 30 min; and (B) After DRAM1 siRNA or chloroquine pretreatment and red fluorescent protein–Green fluorescent protein–microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (RFP–GFP–LC3) reporter plasmid transfection, Neuro-2a cells were subjected to OGD/R 12 h and then observed with confocal microscope. Scale bar = 15 µm.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC2999452_f06_80683.jpg

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Colocalization of phagocytosed GFP-expressing KS20 borrelia with LysoTracker Red-stained phagolysosomes in IDE12 and DAE15 cells. IDE12 and DAE15 cells were incubated overnight with GFP-expressing KS20 borreliae, stained with LysoTracker Red, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and counterstained with DAPI to stain the DNA of spirochetes and cell nuclei. Phagocytosed borreliae are indicated by arrows. Note the loss of GFP fluorescence by phagocytosed the spirochetes (arrows) whereas GFP fluorescence is retained by extracellular spirochetes (arrowhead). Scale bar, 10 µm.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4485496_fig1_400960.jpg

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Laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy of the human conjunctiva in glaucoma patients and control group. (Letter A) Basal epithelial cells of conjunctiva, (Letter B) goblet cells, (Letter C) dendritic cells, and (Letter D) subepithelial fibers. (Number 1) Control group, (Number 2) beta-blockers group, (Number 3) alpha adrenergic agonists group, (Number 4) prostaglandin group, and (Number 5) combination therapy group. The scale bar indicates 50 μm.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4618347_Fig3_436379.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Immunohistochemical analysis for CD4 in spleen tissues from EAE mice (a:10x, A1 magnification:40x) and mice treated with 1 % CBD-cream (b:10x, B1 magnification:40x). Immunohistochemical image for CD8α localization of EAE mice (c:10x, C1 magnification:40x) compared to CBD topical treated mice (d:10x, D1 magnification:40x) in spleen tissues

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2533.jpg

Is fracture present?

no

splits/subfolder_5/PMC1764718_pone-0000156-g006_8340.jpg

Describe the following image in detail

Good survival of F3.VEGF human neural stem cells pre-labeled with adeno-LacZ (β-gal) was found in hemorrhage core or lesion border of experimental ICH mouse brain 8 weeks post-transplantation. A large number of LacZ+ F3.VEGF human neural stem cells were found to migrate to contralateral side of hemisphere via corpus callosum (A). Higher magnification of migrating F3.VEGF cells is also shown (B–D). LacZ+ F3.VEGF cells differentiate into neurons as shown by β-gal+/NF-L+ (E–G), β-gal+NF-H+ (H–J) and β-gal/MAP2 (K–M) and also into astrocytes as demonstrated by β-gal+/GFAP+ staining (N–P). Bar indicates 50 µm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4674562_F1_452429.jpg

Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.

Magnetization transfer imaging. Axial FLAIR (A) demonstrating a large demyelinating lesion in the white matter posterior to the Sylvian fissure. Magnetization transfer image (B) demonstrates a band of normal white matter signal intensity across the mid aspect of the lesion (solid arrow) compatible with partial remyelination.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3502796_fig2_167341.jpg

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Reattachment of fractured tooth segments and reinforcing the attachment by pre-fabricated fiber post. (a) Clinical appearance of the patient, (b) preoperative radiograph, (c) reattachment of fractured tooth segment, and splinting with stainless steel wire and light cure composite resin, (d) radiograph showing fiber post reinforcing the attachment, (e) clinical view after removal of the splint, and (f) clinical view showing orthodontic treatment in progress.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_20923.jpg

Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.

The entrapped guidewire

splits/subfolder_5/PMC2706792_F1_41153.jpg

Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.

The regions of pQCT BMD and BAp axis measures in the L4 specimens.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3742233_f1-ijms-14-14085_224429.jpg

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Laser scanning confocal microscopy showing localization of proNGF in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra of adult rats. The proNGF/TH double-labeled cells are densely distributed in the A9 ventral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta (A–C); The proNGF-positive punctuates or granules (green or yellow color) are localized in neuronal cytoplasm, membrane and extracellular matrix (D,E). Arrows indicate proNGF/TH double-labeled neurons (C″), while arrowheads indicate TH single-labeled neurons (C″) or show proNGF-positive punctuates (D,E). Abbreviations: SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticularis; VTA, ventral tegemental area.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC4525758_fig2_411989.jpg

Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.

MRCP image showing the single cystic duct, draining to a common hepatic duct.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18993.jpg

which organ system is shown in the ultrasound?

genitourinary

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47291.jpg

Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.

Chest computed tomography showing diffuse ground-glass opacities.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7807.jpg

Explain the various aspects of the image before you

Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz2dop0086uc0952vut.jpg

Are there any abnormalities in the image?

No

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3996445_F0001_283292.jpg

Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.

Mammographie de face opacité rétroaréolaire droite de forme arrondie bien limitée de contours irréguliers, flous, avec fines spicules, hétérogènes sans foyer de microcalcifications. Cette opacité est classée ACR 4

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1758.jpg

Where is this?

urinary

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4364577_Fig5_368929.jpg

Examine the image closely and share its details

Effect of PCE on mesangial cell proliferation in the renal glomeruli. Immunofluorescence staining was performed with anti-thy 1.1, which is a specific marker for mesangial cells, and anti-PCNA antibody and visualized with Texas-red and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), respectively, using a fluorescence microscope. Representative merged micrographs (yellow) of four independent experiments are shown at 400× magnification.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4665947_Fig2_449113.jpg

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Representative images of various degrees of synovitis and condylar enhancement on qualitative assessment. Coronal T1 weighted pre- (top) and post contrast (bottom) images of TMJs with: no evidence of synovitis or condylar enhancement (a, b), mild synovitis without condylar enhancement (c, d) and moderate/severe synovitis with mild condylar enhancement (e, f)

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36774.jpg

is this image modality t1, t2, or flair?

flair

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2347.jpg

Is bone marrow present?

yes

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic30862.jpg

is this a contrast or noncontrast ct?

contrast

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3660582_pone-0063902-g004_206053.jpg

Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.

Localization of TnC in the fetal mammary gland.Immunohistochemical localization of TnC in (A) vehicle and (B) BPA-exposed mammary glands of ERα(+/+) mice at E19. Red alkaline phosphatase staining of TnC is observed in the peri-ductal stroma. (*epithelial ducts; scale bar = 100 µm).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2761003_fig04_47877.jpg

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confocal microscope photographs of Robbea sp.1 (A–D), Robbea sp.2 (E–H) and Robbea sp.3 (I–L) symbionts attached to the worm surface. Each single symbiont is triple stained with a eubacteria-specific probe (green), a Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe (blue), and a symbiont-specific probe (red). (D), (H) and (L) are overlay pictures of (A)–(C), (E)–(G) and (I)–(K), respectively. Scale bar is 2 µm.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3368843_pone-0038343-g006_140788.jpg

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Pulsed ultrasound radiation affects the arrangement of actin cytoskeleton in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.Pulsed ultrasound was applied for 1 min, cells were then rinsed three times with fresh DPBS (total time,10 min), then fixed and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. Actin stress fibers were imaged in control cells (A) and 10 min (B) after ultrasound radiation. Actin stress fibers increased following pulsed ultrasound radiation. Scale bar, 10 µm.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3475082_F2_161092.jpg

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Pulmonary pathology in M. tuberculosis infected guinea pigs. The figure depicts (A) representative photograph showing gross pathology of lungs of M. tuberculosis infected guinea pigs at 10 weeks post-infection; (B) lower magnification photomicrograph of H&E stained, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded 5 μm section of lung tissue exhibiting multiple coalescing granulomas with central necrotic core and (C) photomicrograph (at 40X) of Van Gieson stained 5 μm lung section exhibiting extensive fibrosis as evident from thick bands of collagen (red color) around the granulomatous regions. Scale bar represents 1000 μm.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3139140_fig8_102669.jpg

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F-18 FDG PET findings in a 1-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis. (a) FDG PET portion of PET-CT scan showed reduced metabolism in the multiple areas of the tubers, with significant reduction in the focus in the right parasagittal frontal lobe (arrow). (b) CT portion of PET-CT scan showing sclerosis in the region of the right parasagittal frontal lobe tuber (arrow). (c) PET-CT fusion image showing that the areas of decreased metabolism correspond to the prominent right parasagittal frontal lobe tuber.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4241315_fig2_338661.jpg

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Curcumin prevents remodeling of the aortic wall. (a) The upper photos were H&E staining (40x, scale bars equal 200 μm) of abdominal aortic cross-section from each group. (b) The middle photos were VVG elastin staining. Scale bars equal 200 μm (40x, middle). (c) The bottom photos were the magnification of (b). Scale bars equal 20 μm (400x, bottom).

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3573027_pone-0055828-g012_185694.jpg

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RGMa and Neogenin are expressed on Bergmann glia.Immunohistochemistry for RGMa (A, C), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (B–C, E–F) and Neogenin (D, F) on coronal mouse brain sections at P5 visualized by confocal microscopy. Sections are counterstained in blue with fluorescent Nissl. (A–F) RGMa and Neogenin immunostaining (in red) colocalizes with GFAP-positive staining (in green) on Bergmann glial fibers (arrows). Granule cells in the external granular layer (EGL) also express Neogenin. IGL, internal granular layer; PCL, Purkinje cell layer; WM, white matter.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4675535_pone.0144771.g002_452695.jpg

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Inferior intercavernous sinus but not anterior intercavernous sinus was found in the cadaver (a) or CE-MRI image (b: sagittal, c: horizontal, d: coronal).BA: basilar artery; BS: basilar sinus; CS: cavernous sinus; DSS: dorsum sellae sinus; H: hypophysis; ICA: internal carotid artery; IIS: inferior intercavernous sinus; OP: optic nerve; SH: stalk of hypophsis; SP: sphenoid sinus. Direction: A-superior; P-posterior; S-superior; I-inferior.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3248115_F2_120502.jpg

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Cellular localization of p53 full length and its deletion mutantsMCF-7 cells were transfected with p53 constructs to overexpress p53 full length or its domain deletion mutants (A) Schematic diagram of p53-DsRed2 full length or domain deletion mutants (B) Immunoblotting analysis for p53 and its mutants. (C) p53-DsRed2 transfected cells labeled with anti-mtHsp70 were visualized by confocal microscope. (D) Mander's Overlap Co-efficient between the various p53 constructs and mtHsp70 as determined as described in Fig. 1 D. (E) Cellular fraction were obtained as described in Fig. 1 E.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo910k074y2jz12pby.jpg

Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?

Z-line

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3063347_F0001_90977.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

Plain radiograph of left clavicle. (AC: Acromion. CL: Clavicle. R: 1st rib). Arrow depicts prominent medial screw lateral to the 1st rib

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4428864_pone.0127049.g004_385574.jpg

Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.

Coronal slices of 7T SWI of the brainstem in subject M2.Distance of each slice from the midline crossing of the anterior commissure are noted at the bottom of each coronal slice.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3943985_F1_272032.jpg

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Recurrent parotid cancer. a). MRI. b). Intraoperative findings ( before removing mastoid process). Working space is significantly narrow (↔) between mastoid process and the tumor. 1) the tumor, 2) mastoid process. c). After removing mastoid process. Expanding the working space facilitates identification of the facial nerve and dissection of parotid tumor without retracting the facial nerve (arrow).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4339690_Fig3_362000.jpg

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18F-florbetaben PET scan duration is flexible. Transverse PET slices of an Alzheimer’s disease patient (upper row) and of a healthy control (lower row) of different scan durations, all starting 90 min after tracer administration. No relevant loss of image quality and discrimination ability reducing scan time from 20 to 10 min or 5 min. Reprinted from ref. [21], ©2013 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4536492_f3_414609.jpg

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Pattern of staining by MGA mAbs in breast carcinoma tissues.(A) Representative images showing immnuostaining of MHG1152, MGD785, CHH11617, CHH995 and MJF656A in breast cancer mammary gland and stroma. (B) Representative images showing staining of MGD785 in the secretions of mammary gland. (C) Representative images showing staining of MJF656 in tumor cells that shed into the mammary gland cavity (a) and blood vessel (b). a: MGA staining, b: MGA and CD34 double staining (MGA: pink, CD34: brown). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of breast carcinoma were stained with the indicated MGA mAbs. Scale bar: 20 μm, magnification: ×100. “M” indicates MGA staining on the cell membrane.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_head/train_1212.jpg

Is micrognathia triploid fetus present?

no

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4288791_fig5_349559.jpg

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Example of hippocampus XOR regions, for STEPS-KN-BSI, pBSI1, pBSIγ, and gBSI, obtained on an AD patient. In yellow binary XOR regions and in a red-yellow scale the XOR gBSI values from 0 to 1. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; BSI, boundary shift integral; gBSI, generalized boundary shift integral. (For interpretation of the references to color in this Figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46959.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Ultrasound image – left testis focally normal.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC4446005_Fig1_390175.jpg

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Most important anatomical structures involved in the cerebrocerebellar neurocognitive regulatory system; axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at the level of the midbrain (A) and brachium pontis (D) and cross-sectional color maps derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with T1-weighted anatomical information at the level of the interpeduncular fossa (B) and the pons (C). The cerebellorubral tract connects the dentate nucleus (D, arrow) with the contralateral red nucleus (A, arrow). Its fibers are a component of the brachium conjunctivum (C, arrow) and cross the midline via the decussation (B, arrow) of the superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva) just below the level of the inferior colliculi.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3170317_F1_107910.jpg

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CT angiogram verifying the presence of a mass inside the right atrium occupying almost the whole cavity.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3916105_fig1_264849.jpg

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Original MRI and PET images: (a)–(c) MRI; (d)–(f) PET.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC3474712_pone-0047651-g001_160907.jpg

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Mayfly Borinquena parva with a tiny phoretic Collembola syninclusion at the base of the right forewing; Miocene Dominican amber.A, photomicrograph of specimen in amber; B, close up of A; C, close up CT scan of collembolan in lateral view; D, CT scan of specimen – region as in B; E, CT scan of collembolan and mayfly wing in dorsal view; Abbreviations: a = antenna, ab = abdomen, f = furca, h = head; wing veins: C = costa, RA = radius anterior, Sc = subcosta, ScA+ = costal brace. Body length of Collembola 228 µm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3638698_fig3_201744.jpg

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Liver metastases in the same patient compared with contrast-enhanced CT, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and PET/CT scan. 76 y. male with history of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation followed by low anterior resection. Segment 5 and caudate lesions, now with segment 6 lesion not seen on CT scan (a) but present on PET (c) and MRI with Eovist (b).

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1645.jpg

What does this image show?

ileum

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyadnwc086ua6dmeyak.jpg

Are there any abnormalities in the image?

No

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19534.jpg

what is most alarming about this ct scan?

histoplasmosis

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3126840_pone-0021755-g004_101025.jpg

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Radiographic analyses of mice reveal multiple subcutaneous ossifications.X-rays of 12 month +/−p and WT mice. A) 12 month +/−p female with no ossifications visualized; B) 12 month +/−p male, inset and arrows demonstrate areas consistent with ossifications; C) 12 month WT without areas of ossifications.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3531250_F1_175205.jpg

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Original and program output sample images for X-ray, mixed beam and alpha-particle irradiated VH10 cells. Images were captured 1 h after irradiation. A-C: Original images. A: 0.20 Gy X-rays, B: 0.27 Gy alpha particles, C: 0.27 Gy mixed beams (0.20 Gy X-rays + 0.07 Gy alpha particles), D-F, corresponding program output images. D: Analysis image from A, X-rays. E: Analysis image from B, alpha particles. F: Analysis image from C, mixed beams. In images D-F: red dots = small foci, green dots = large foci.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC3863501_fig4_251954.jpg

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GPER mediates PI3K activation in Hec50 cells. (a) Hec50 cells were transfected with no siRNA (mock transfected), control siRNA or siRNA targeting GPER (GPER siRNA), and the PH-RFP reporter. Transfected Hec50 cells were stimulated with vehicle, estrogen (10 nM E2), or G-1 (10 nM). (b) Hec50 cells transfected with no siRNA (mock transfected) and control siRNA or siRNA targeting GPER (GPER siRNA) were stained for GPER (with carboxy-terminal antibody) to demonstrate the specific knockdown of GPER in the GPER siRNA-treated cells.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC2841143_F9_59546.jpg

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Immunofluorescent staining of ErbB1-4 receptors, phospho-ErbB2 and phospho-ErbB4 receptors in +SA cells after treatment with, γ-tocotrienol (γT3), erlotinib (E), gefitinib (G), alone or in combination. +SA mammary tumor cells were plated at a density of 2 × 105 cells per well in 6 well plate (3 replicates/group) and incubated with control or treatment media for 4 days. The cells were then fixed with methanol and incubated with primary antibody directed against specific ErbB receptors followed by rhodamine conjugated secondary antibody, as described in the Methods section. Magnification is 200×.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4029599_pone-0097434-g002_290510.jpg

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The p27 and p57 proteins are localized to the nucleus in G-phase TGCs.After three days of FGF4 deprivation, wild-type TGCs were cultured for 20 min in the presence of EdU (10 µM) to label S-phase cells. After fixation, EdU was detected using Click-iT chemistry (green), and the cells were stained with either anti-p57 (cyan) (A, C) or anti-p27 (red) (B, C) antibodies, and with Hoechst 33342 to visualize nuclear DNA (gray). Images were acquired with a confocal microscope (63x objective). The bottom panels are higher magnifications of merged images in order to visualize differential staining of EdU, p27 and p57. Scale bars represent 50 µm.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3706011_fig1_216617.jpg

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Wrist ultrasound at the carpal tunnel inlet for patient with mild CTS: (a) medial and (b) lateral aspects of the wrist (the tracing method for measuring the cross sectional area of the median nerve which was 10 mm2). UA: ulnar artery, UN: ulnar nerve in the Guyon canal, Pbone: pisiform bone, MN: median nerve.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC2063611_fig04_14637.jpg

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Immunofluorescence analysis of mast cell secretory granules in BMMCs derived from Rab27-deficient miceBone marrow-derived mast cells derived from Rab27aash/+Rab27b−/+ (Double het), Rab27aash/ash (Rab27a KO), Rab27b−/− (Rab27b KO) and Rab27aash/ashRab27b−/− (Double KO) were subjected to immunofluorescence as described under Materials and Methods, and stained with anti-histamine (green) and anti-alpha-tubulin (red) antibodies. Representative projected images using confocal microscopy as described under Materials and Methods are shown. Bar, 5 μm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4237077_f2-mmr-11-01-0113_337501.jpg

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Prussian blue staining of the SPIO-labeled rat BMSCs. The labeling efficiency of the blue-stained iron particles in the cytoplasm was 99%. (A) Magnification, ×200; (B) magnification, ×400. (C) T2 and (D) T2* magnetic resonance imaging of the SPIO-labeled rat BMSCs. The scale bar is 10 μm. SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4058127_fig8_298274.jpg

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Lung slides of rabbits treated by haloperidol (HAL) and intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) or normal saline (NS). Magnification = ×400. (a) Received aseptic distilled water and 18 mL/kg ILE 20%. (b) Received HAL and 18 mL/kg normal saline. (c) Received HAL and 12 mL/kg of ILE 20%. (d) Received HAL and 18 mL/kg of ILE20%.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2740172_fig-001_45457.jpg

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Computed Tomography images. CT of (a) the chest, (b) abdomen and (c) pelvis (soft-tissue gating). (a) A large hypodense filling defect is seen, 3.1 cm in diameter, traversing the right atrium to the right ventricle (arrow) with bilateral small pleural effusions and atelectasis. There was no evidence of a pulmonary embolism (images not shown); (b) Distension of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with the same tissue density thrombus (arrow) as was seen in (a) and with evidence of some linear enhancement, difficult to appreciate here, suggestive of a tumor thrombus; (c) A 6.2 x 3.9 cm lobulated pelvic mass (arrow) which was inseparable from the internal iliac vein.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvk90vc074y037obpbz.jpg

Is this finding easy to detect?

No

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1043.jpg

What is present?

oral

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4677187_fig1_453135.jpg

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(a) Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of MRI on admission were interpreted as normal, but in retrospect, they show an indistinct high-intensity area in the right frontal subcortical white matter (arrowhead). (b) FLAIR images of MRI on the next day reveal high-intensity areas, presumed to be vasogenic edema, in the right frontal, bilateral parietal, and left occipital subcortical white matter (arrowheads). (c) The repeat MRI performed one month later shows the disappearance of all lesions.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26412.jpg

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After removal of the plate, there was no reduction loss and no increased coraclavicular distance

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22455.jpg

Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.

Working Length determination radiograph with four K-files.