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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- image-classification
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- vision
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datasets:
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- imagenet
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- imagenet-1k
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---
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# Data2Vec-Vision (base-sized model, fine-tuned on ImageNet-1k)
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BEiT model pre-trained in a self-supervised fashion and fine-tuned on ImageNet-1k (1,2 million images, 1000 classes) at resolution 224x224. It was introduced in the paper [data2vec: A General Framework for Self-supervised Learning in Speech, Vision and Language](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03555) by Alexei Baevski, Wei-Ning Hsu, Qiantong Xu, Arun Babu, Jiatao Gu, Michael Auli and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/data2vec_vision/tree/main/beit).
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Disclaimer: The team releasing Facebook team did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team.
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## Pre-Training method
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For more information, please take a look at the [official paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03555).
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## Abstract
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*While the general idea of self-supervised learning is identical across modalities, the actual algorithms and objectives differ widely because
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they were developed with a single modality in
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mind. To get us closer to general self-supervised
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learning, we present data2vec, a framework that
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uses the same learning method for either speech,
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NLP or computer vision. The core idea is to predict latent representations of the full input data
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based on a masked view of the input in a selfdistillation setup using a standard Transformer architecture. Instead of predicting modality-specific
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targets such as words, visual tokens or units of
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human speech which are local in nature, data2vec
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predicts contextualized latent representations that
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contain information from the entire input. Experiments on the major benchmarks of speech
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recognition, image classification, and natural language understanding demonstrate a new state of
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the art or competitive performance to predominant approaches.*
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## Intended uses & limitations
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You can use the raw model for image classification. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?search=data2vec-vision) to look for
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fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.
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### How to use
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Here is how to use this model to classify an image of the COCO 2017 dataset into one of the 1,000 ImageNet classes:
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```python
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from transformers import BeitFeatureExtractor, Data2VecVisionForImageClassification
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from PIL import Image
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import requests
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url = 'http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg'
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image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
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feature_extractor = BeitFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained('facebook/data2vec-vision-base-ft1k')
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model = Data2VecVisionForImageClassification.from_pretrained('facebook/data2vec-vision-base-ft1k')
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inputs = feature_extractor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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logits = outputs.logits
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# model predicts one of the 1000 ImageNet classes
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predicted_class_idx = logits.argmax(-1).item()
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print("Predicted class:", model.config.id2label[predicted_class_idx])
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```
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Currently, both the feature extractor and model support PyTorch.
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## Training data
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The BEiT model was pretrained and fine-tuned on [ImageNet-1k](http://www.image-net.org/), a dataset consisting of 1,2 million images and 1k classes.
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## Training procedure
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### Preprocessing
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The exact details of preprocessing of images during training/validation can be found [here](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/blob/master/beit/datasets.py).
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Images are resized/rescaled to the same resolution (224x224) and normalized across the RGB channels with mean (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) and standard deviation (0.5, 0.5, 0.5).
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### Pretraining
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For all pre-training related hyperparameters, we refer to the [original paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08254) and the [original codebase](https://github.com/facebookresearch/data2vec_vision/tree/main/beit)
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## Evaluation results
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For evaluation results on several image classification benchmarks, we refer to tables 1 of the original paper. Note that for fine-tuning, the best results are obtained with a higher resolution. Of course, increasing the model size will result in better performance.
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### BibTeX entry and citation info
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```bibtex
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@misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.03555,
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doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2202.03555},
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url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03555},
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author = {Baevski, Alexei and Hsu, Wei-Ning and Xu, Qiantong and Babu, Arun and Gu, Jiatao and Auli, Michael},
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keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
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title = {data2vec: A General Framework for Self-supervised Learning in Speech, Vision and Language},
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publisher = {arXiv},
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year = {2022},
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copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
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}
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```
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