--- library_name: pytorch license: other tags: - backbone - android pipeline_tag: image-classification --- ![](https://qaihub-public-assets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qai-hub-models/models/densenet121/web-assets/model_demo.png) # DenseNet-121: Optimized for Mobile Deployment ## Imagenet classifier and general purpose backbone Densenet is a machine learning model that can classify images from the Imagenet dataset. It can also be used as a backbone in building more complex models for specific use cases. This model is an implementation of DenseNet-121 found [here](https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/torchvision/models/densenet.py). This repository provides scripts to run DenseNet-121 on Qualcomm® devices. More details on model performance across various devices, can be found [here](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/models/densenet121). ### Model Details - **Model Type:** Model_use_case.image_classification - **Model Stats:** - Model checkpoint: Imagenet - Input resolution: 224x224 - Number of parameters: 7.99M - Model size (float): 30.5 MB - Model size (w8a16): 8.72 MB - Model size (w8a8): 8.30 MB | Model | Precision | Device | Chipset | Target Runtime | Inference Time (ms) | Peak Memory Range (MB) | Primary Compute Unit | Target Model |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 8.283 ms | 0 - 41 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 7.912 ms | 1 - 28 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 2.594 ms | 0 - 54 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.187 ms | 1 - 40 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1.929 ms | 0 - 114 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1.759 ms | 1 - 9 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | ONNX | 1.782 ms | 0 - 23 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 2.987 ms | 0 - 41 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.724 ms | 0 - 27 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | TFLITE | 8.283 ms | 0 - 41 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | QNN_DLC | 7.912 ms | 1 - 28 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1.926 ms | 0 - 113 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1.762 ms | 0 - 28 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | TFLITE | 3.315 ms | 0 - 47 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | QNN_DLC | 3.004 ms | 1 - 34 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1.929 ms | 0 - 114 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1.764 ms | 0 - 10 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | TFLITE | 2.987 ms | 0 - 41 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 2.724 ms | 0 - 27 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | TFLITE | 1.265 ms | 0 - 57 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.194 ms | 1 - 39 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | ONNX | 1.215 ms | 0 - 50 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | TFLITE | 0.938 ms | 0 - 47 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 0.865 ms | 1 - 34 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 0.925 ms | 0 - 32 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | TFLITE | 0.806 ms | 0 - 48 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.tflite](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.tflite) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 0.714 ms | 1 - 34 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 0.835 ms | 1 - 34 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 1.97 ms | 35 - 35 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.dlc](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.dlc) | | DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 1.731 ms | 16 - 16 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | RB3 Gen 2 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS6490 (Proxy) | ONNX | 107.301 ms | 29 - 50 MB | CPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121_w8a16.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | RB5 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8250 (Proxy) | ONNX | 88.528 ms | 28 - 37 MB | CPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121_w8a16.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 19.567 ms | 31 - 68 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121_w8a16.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon 7 Gen 4 QRD | Snapdragon® 7 Gen 4 Mobile | ONNX | 103.649 ms | 29 - 49 MB | CPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121_w8a16.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 20.231 ms | 28 - 64 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121_w8a16.onnx.zip) | | DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 34.891 ms | 31 - 31 MB | NPU | [DenseNet-121.onnx.zip](https://huggingface.co/qualcomm/DenseNet-121/blob/main/DenseNet-121_w8a16.onnx.zip) | ## Installation Install the package via pip: ```bash pip install qai-hub-models ``` ## Configure Qualcomm® AI Hub Workbench to run this model on a cloud-hosted device Sign-in to [Qualcomm® AI Hub Workbench](https://workbench.aihub.qualcomm.com/) with your Qualcomm® ID. Once signed in navigate to `Account -> Settings -> API Token`. With this API token, you can configure your client to run models on the cloud hosted devices. ```bash qai-hub configure --api_token API_TOKEN ``` Navigate to [docs](https://workbench.aihub.qualcomm.com/docs/) for more information. ## Demo off target The package contains a simple end-to-end demo that downloads pre-trained weights and runs this model on a sample input. ```bash python -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo ``` The above demo runs a reference implementation of pre-processing, model inference, and post processing. **NOTE**: If you want running in a Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab like environment, please add the following to your cell (instead of the above). ``` %run -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo ``` ### Run model on a cloud-hosted device In addition to the demo, you can also run the model on a cloud-hosted Qualcomm® device. This script does the following: * Performance check on-device on a cloud-hosted device * Downloads compiled assets that can be deployed on-device for Android. * Accuracy check between PyTorch and on-device outputs. ```bash python -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.export ``` ## How does this work? This [export script](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/models/densenet121/qai_hub_models/models/DenseNet-121/export.py) leverages [Qualcomm® AI Hub](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/) to optimize, validate, and deploy this model on-device. Lets go through each step below in detail: Step 1: **Compile model for on-device deployment** To compile a PyTorch model for on-device deployment, we first trace the model in memory using the `jit.trace` and then call the `submit_compile_job` API. ```python import torch import qai_hub as hub from qai_hub_models.models.densenet121 import Model # Load the model torch_model = Model.from_pretrained() # Device device = hub.Device("Samsung Galaxy S25") # Trace model input_shape = torch_model.get_input_spec() sample_inputs = torch_model.sample_inputs() pt_model = torch.jit.trace(torch_model, [torch.tensor(data[0]) for _, data in sample_inputs.items()]) # Compile model on a specific device compile_job = hub.submit_compile_job( model=pt_model, device=device, input_specs=torch_model.get_input_spec(), ) # Get target model to run on-device target_model = compile_job.get_target_model() ``` Step 2: **Performance profiling on cloud-hosted device** After compiling models from step 1. Models can be profiled model on-device using the `target_model`. Note that this scripts runs the model on a device automatically provisioned in the cloud. Once the job is submitted, you can navigate to a provided job URL to view a variety of on-device performance metrics. ```python profile_job = hub.submit_profile_job( model=target_model, device=device, ) ``` Step 3: **Verify on-device accuracy** To verify the accuracy of the model on-device, you can run on-device inference on sample input data on the same cloud hosted device. ```python input_data = torch_model.sample_inputs() inference_job = hub.submit_inference_job( model=target_model, device=device, inputs=input_data, ) on_device_output = inference_job.download_output_data() ``` With the output of the model, you can compute like PSNR, relative errors or spot check the output with expected output. **Note**: This on-device profiling and inference requires access to Qualcomm® AI Hub Workbench. [Sign up for access](https://myaccount.qualcomm.com/signup). ## Run demo on a cloud-hosted device You can also run the demo on-device. ```bash python -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo --eval-mode on-device ``` **NOTE**: If you want running in a Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab like environment, please add the following to your cell (instead of the above). ``` %run -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo -- --eval-mode on-device ``` ## Deploying compiled model to Android The models can be deployed using multiple runtimes: - TensorFlow Lite (`.tflite` export): [This tutorial](https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/android/quickstart) provides a guide to deploy the .tflite model in an Android application. - QNN (`.so` export ): This [sample app](https://docs.qualcomm.com/bundle/publicresource/topics/80-63442-50/sample_app.html) provides instructions on how to use the `.so` shared library in an Android application. ## View on Qualcomm® AI Hub Get more details on DenseNet-121's performance across various devices [here](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/models/densenet121). Explore all available models on [Qualcomm® AI Hub](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/) ## License * The license for the original implementation of DenseNet-121 can be found [here](https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/LICENSE). * The license for the compiled assets for on-device deployment can be found [here](https://qaihub-public-assets.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qai-hub-models/Qualcomm+AI+Hub+Proprietary+License.pdf) ## References * [Densely Connected Convolutional Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.06993) * [Source Model Implementation](https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/torchvision/models/densenet.py) ## Community * Join [our AI Hub Slack community](https://aihub.qualcomm.com/community/slack) to collaborate, post questions and learn more about on-device AI. * For questions or feedback please [reach out to us](mailto:ai-hub-support@qti.qualcomm.com).