Datasets:

Hokin
/

object-permanence

---
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
pretty_name: Object Permanence
language:
  - en
task_categories:
  - video-to-video
  - image-to-video
tags:
  - object-permanence
  - world-model
  - video-prediction
  - physical-reasoning
  - synthetic
  - blender
size_categories:
  - 1M<n<10M
viewer: false
---

# Object Permanence

<div align="center">

<p align="center">
    <a href="https://www.object-permanence.world/" target="_blank">
        <img alt="Project Page" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Project%20-%20Homepage-4285F4" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28654" target="_blank">
        <img alt="arXiv" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2609.28654-b31b1b?logo=arxiv" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://github.com/hokindeng/object-permanence" target="_blank">
        <img alt="Code" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Generators_&_Training-object--permanence-100000?style=flat-square&logo=github&logoColor=white" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/Hokin/object-permanence" target="_blank">
        <img alt="Training corpus" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20_Dataset-Training_1.5M-ffc107?color=ffc107&logoColor=white" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/Hokin/object-permanence-benchmark" target="_blank">
        <img alt="Benchmark" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20_Benchmark-Exam_%26_Answers-ffc107?color=ffc107&logoColor=white" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://huggingface.co/Hokin/PWM-WROP" target="_blank">
        <img alt="Model" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20_Model-PWM--WROP-ffc107?color=ffc107&logoColor=white" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://www.object-permanence.world/leaderboard" target="_blank">
        <img alt="Leaderboard" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20_Leaderboard-Elo-ffc107?color=ffc107&logoColor=white" height="20" />
    </a>
    <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/Hokin/object-permanence/blob/main/LICENSE">
        <img alt="Data License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Data-CC_BY--NC_4.0-blue.svg" height="20" />
    </a>
</p>

</div>

The **training corpus** of WROP (World Reasoning with Object Permanence): 1.5M Blender-rendered
video-continuation samples across 150 hand-designed cognitive tasks, one tar per task.

## Abstract

Object permanence is the hallmark of human cognitive priors. Recent studies show that video models,
also often referred as world models, have also shown emerged reasoning abilities, making them ideal
candidates for building human-like multimodal intelligence. Do video models have emerged object
permanence in them? If not, could we train them with a core-cognition inspired dataset? We introduce
WROP (World Reasoning with Object Permanence), a data infrastructure of 150 hand-designed cognitive
science inspired tasks, divided into six cognitive categories. We build Blender generators that
randomize speed, lighting, camera angle, and other nuisance parameters while preserving each task's
cognitive structure, yielding 10,000+ samples per task. We release a 1.5M-sample training corpus and
a 300-question exam. On this exam we evaluate 14 video models, 4 continuation, 3 reference-to-video,
7 edit, and PWM-WROP, our 16B world model. In a blind pairwise Elo study, PWM-WROP ranks third
overall, behind a statistical tie between two commercial reference-to-video systems, and first among
continuation models. We release the data, exam, model answers, scores, weights, and PWM, our training
stack, a native-PyTorch implementation of the model on AWS Trainium2.

## At a glance

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tasks | **150**, in six cognitive categories |
| Samples | **1,500,000** (10,000 per task) |
| Packaging | 150 tar files, one per task (0.7–4.1 GB each, uncompressed) |
| Total size | **214 GB** |
| Resolution | **1280 × 720**, 24 fps |
| Clip length | 60 input frames → 60 target frames (2.5 s → 2.5 s) |
| Files per sample | 5 (`input_video.mp4`, `target_video.mp4`, `prompt.txt`, `trajectory.npz`, `metadata.json`) |

## Layout

```
.
├── LICENSE
└── train/
    ├── checksums.txt                  # per archive: sha256, file name, member count (50,000 each)
    ├── accordion_fold_screen_task.tar
    ├── ball_behind_box_stack_task.tar
    └── …                              # 150 archives, one per task
```

Each archive keeps the original directory layout. `train/<task>_task.tar` extracts to:

```
train/
└── shard1/                            # render partition: shard1 = G01–G30 … shard5 = G121–G150
    └── cabinet_task/
        ├── cabinet_0000/
        │   ├── input_video.mp4        # 60 frames, 1280 × 720, 24 fps — the context
        │   ├── target_video.mp4       # 60 frames, same shape — the continuation to predict
        │   ├── prompt.txt             # scene description, prefixed "Continue this scene as a short video."
        │   ├── trajectory.npz         # ground-truth body poses for all 120 source frames
        │   └── metadata.json          # parameters, provenance, video_split
        ├── cabinet_0001/ … cabinet_9999/
        └── …
```

## License

[CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) — attribution: **Hokin Deng**. Non-commercial
use only. For commercial licensing contact hokinxqdeng@gmail.com.

## Citation

*Training Object Permanence in World Models* — [arXiv:2609.28654](https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28654).

```bibtex
@misc{zhang2026trainingobjectpermanenceworld,
  title         = {Training Object Permanence in World Models},
  author        = {Haotian Zhang and Fengyuan Yu and Dezhi Luo and Haoran Sun and Zehong Zhao and Qingying Gao and Yihan Li and Siyuan An and Huayi Qin and Yilan Zhang and Zhengze Jiang and Pinyuan Feng and Renrui Zhang and Ziyu Guo and Letian Wang and Mengyue Yang and Kangfu Mei and Maijunxian Wang and Ran Ji and Vikash Kumar and Freda Shi and Chandra Sripada and Vincent C. Muller and Philip Torr and Alan Yuille and Nikolaus Kriegeskorte and Felix Juefei-Xu and Lvmin Zhang and Jieneng Chen and Yilun Du and Hokin Deng},
  year          = {2026},
  eprint        = {2609.28654},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass  = {cs.AI},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28654}
}
```