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What substances, which are distinct from acids and bases, form when ions form ionic bonds?	water molecules	oils	vitamins	salts	Salts Recall that salts are formed when ions form ionic bonds. In these reactions, one atom gives up one or more electrons, and thus becomes positively charged, whereas the other accepts one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged. You can now define a salt as a substance that, when dissolved in water, dissoci...
What is the name for biochemical compounds that consist of one or more chains of small molecules called amino acids?	hormones	lipids	protons	proteins	Proteins are biochemical compounds that consist of one or more chains of small molecules called amino acids. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. There are only about 20 different amino acids. The sequence of amino acids in chains and the number of chains in a protein determine the protein’s shape. Shapes may be v...
What are the ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?	enzymes	isotopes	acids	bases	Bases are ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. An ionic compound contains positive metal ions and negative nonmetal ions held together by ionic bonds. (Ions are atoms that have become charged particles because they have either lost or gained electrons. ) An example of a ...
The atomic number of tungsten is 74. therefore, in a neutral atom of tungsten, there are 74 electrons. the atomic number of argon is 18. therefore, in a neutral atom of argon, there are how many electrons?	36	74	9	18	The atomic number of tungsten is 74. Therefore, in a neutral atom of tungsten, there are 74 electrons. The atomic number of argon is 18. Therefore, in a neutral atom of argon, there are 18 electrons.
What is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction?	an aqueous cell	Golgi apparatus	catalyst	an electrolytic cell	An electrolytic cell is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction. In an electrolytic cell, electric current is applied to provide a source of electrons for driving the reaction in a nonspontaneous direction. In a voltaic cell, the reaction goes in a direction that releases electrons spontaneously. I...
What two ways may light be transmitted?	absorption and refraction	magnified or scattered	reflected or refracted	refracted or scattered	Transmitted light may be refracted or scattered. When does each process occur?.
Triggered by changes in the environment, migration and hibernation occur as cycles on what temporal basis?	monthly	bi-annually	seasonally	annual	Examples of behaviors with annual cycles include migration and hibernation. Both are innate behaviors. They are triggered by changes in the environment, such as the days growing shorter in the fall.
What pair of tubes that extends toward the ovaries features a fringelike structure that sweeps eggs inside?	vas deferens	golgi apparatus	ovarian tubes	fallopian tubes	Extending from the upper corners of the uterus are the two fallopian tubes. Each tube reaches (but is not attached to) one of the ovaries. The ovary end of the tube has a fringelike structure that moves in waves. The motion sweeps eggs from the ovary into the tube.
In most animals, what sense is related to balance or equilibrium?	feeling	vision	tasting	hearing
Terminal pods are located at the end of what?	spines	fruits	leaves	stems	Mendel investigated seven different characteristics in pea plants. In this chart, cotyledons refer to the tiny leaves inside seeds. Axial pods are located along the stems. Terminal pods are located at the ends of the stems.
What forms when the spores from two parents fuse during sexual reproduction?	monospore	xerophyte	spirogyra	zygospore	Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore.
What is the name of the galaxy we live in?	Bode's Galaxy	Centaurus A	Andromeda	milky way	Like other spiral galaxies, our galaxy has a disk, a central bulge, and spiral arms. The disk is about 100,000 light-years across and 3,000 light-years thick. Most of the Galaxy’s gas, dust, young stars, and open clusters are in the disk.
What are the most common seedless vascular plants?	weeds	trees	grasses	ferns	Ferns are the most common seedless vascular plants ( Figure below ). They usually have large divided leaves called fronds. In most ferns, fronds develop from a curled-up formation called a fiddlehead ( Figure below ). The fiddlehead looks like the curled decoration on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle....
In a monogamous pairing, a male individual is generally paired with what other type of individual in a sexual relationship?	drone	worker	male	female	Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/sex_selection) for informative videos on sexual selection. In monogamous systems, one male and one female are paired for at least one breeding season. In some animals, such as the gray wolf, these associations can last much longer, even a lifetime. Several explanations ...
What is a mass spectrometer used to measure?	optical atomic masses	partial atomic masses	subatomic masses	relative atomic masses	Although the masses of the electron, the proton, and the neutron are known to a high degree of precision (Table 1.3 "Properties of Subatomic Particles*"), the mass of any given atom is not simply the sum of the masses of its electrons, protons, and neutrons. For example, the ratio of the masses of 1H (hydrogen) and 2H ...
What combines sets of genes from two different parents leading to genetically diverse offspring?	sexual destruction	subject reproduction	cellular reproduction	sexual reproduction
Global warming will raise ocean levels due to melt water from glaciers and the greater volume of what?	rain	greenhouse gases	rainforests	warmer water	Range shifts are already being observed: for example, some European bird species ranges have moved 91 km northward. The same study suggested that the optimal shift based on warming trends was double that distance, suggesting that the populations are not moving quickly enough. Range shifts have also been observed in pla...
What are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity called?	closed clusters	constellations	galaxies	open clusters	Open clusters are groups of young stars loosely held together by gravity.
What does a pollinator pick up from its body and carry directly to another plant of the same species?	seed	spore	pathogen	pollen	Wind-blown pollen might land anywhere and be wasted. Another adaptation solved this problem. Plants evolved traits that attract specific animal pollinators. Like the bee in Figure below , a pollinator picks up pollen on its body and carries it directly to another plant of the same species. This greatly increases the ch...
What is formed when an oxygen atom picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from a solution?	ammonia	liquid	turpentine	water
What does the driving of turbines by the heating of water to steam accomplish?	absorption of electricity	depletion of electricity	diffusion of electricity	generation of electricity	Nuclear reactors heat water to steam to drive a turbine for generation of electricity.
What is a device that changes kinetic energy to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction?	a diesel engine	a battery	a windmill	an electric generator	An electric generator is a device that changes kinetic energy to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. A simple diagram of an electric generator is shown in Figure below . In a generator, some form of energy is applied to turn a shaft. This causes a coil of wire to rotate between opposite poles of a magn...
How many naturally occurring elements are known on earth?	87	85	60	90	An element, as defined in Chapter 1 "Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement", is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances. There are about 90 naturally occurring elements known on Earth. Using technology, scientists have been able to create nearly 30 additional elements that do not occur in n...
What are the two types of vesicle transport called?	eptocytosis and exocytosis	dielectric and exocytosis	epithelium and exocytosis	endocytosis and exocytosis
What do you call a species that has died out in the past?	remnant	endangered	inhabit	extinct	Life is complex, and there are millions of species alive today. Many millions more lived in the past and then went extinct. Organisms include microscopic, single-celled organisms. They also include complex, multicellular animals such as you. Clearly, life science is a huge science. That’s why a life scientist usually s...
Where does the embryo develop in a plant?	inside the male plant after fertilization	outside the female plant after fertilization	inside the stem after fertilization	inside the female plant after fertilization	In plants, the embryo develops inside of the female plant after fertilization. Algae do not keep the embryo inside of themselves but release it into water. This was the first feature to evolve that separated plants from green algae. This is also the only adaptation shared by all plants.
What is the method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards called?	precision	parallax	distortion	calibration	When using measuring devices, we often use a technique called calibration to increase the accuracy of our measurements. Calibration is a method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards. To better understand calibration, we will look at the example of calibrating a thermo...
What property of warm air causes it to rise above cold air?	higher temperature	greater pressure	greater density	lower density	The warm-air vent is placed near the floor of the room. Warm air is less dense than cold air so it rises. If the warm-air vent were placed near the ceiling instead, how would this affect the transfer of thermal energy throughout the room?.
Which branch of biology studies animal behavior?	embryology	microbiology	anthropology	ethology	The branch of biology that studies animal behavior is called ethology. Ethologists usually study how animals behave in their natural environment. They try to determine the cause of behaviors, how behaviors develop, and how and why behaviors evolve.
What unit of measure is equal to the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute?	torque	joule	watt	horsepower	Power may be measured in a unit called the horsepower. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute, which equals 745 watts of power.
What organism is characterized by an incomplete digestive system and a single, tentacled opening?	sponges	annelids	prokaryotes	cnidarians	Cnidarians have an incomplete digestive system with a single opening. The opening is surrounded by tentacles, which are covered with nematocyst cells and used to capture prey. Digestion takes place in the digestive cavity. Nutrients are absorbed and gases are exchanged through the cells lining this cavity. Fluid in the...
What term is not the same as energy, but means the energy per unit charge?	mass	frequency	speed	voltage	The second equation is equivalent to the first. Voltage is not the same as energy. Voltage is the energy per unit charge. Thus a motorcycle battery and a car battery can both have the same voltage (more precisely, the same potential difference between battery terminals), yet one stores much more energy than the other s...
What specific part of the african violet is used to propagate other plants?	roots	petals	spores	leaves
What are fibers that depend on aerobic respiration called?	fragile fibers	hydrogen fibers	evaporative fibers	oxidative fibers
Which form of electromagnetic waves have more energy: low frequency wave or high frequency waves?	the same	neither	low frequency waves	high frequency waves	The energy of electromagnetic waves depends on their frequency. Low-frequency waves have little energy and are normally harmless. High-frequency waves have a lot of energy and are potentially very harmful.
Something that has all of the characteristics of life is considered to be what?	ecosystem	molecule	organism	alive	There is not just one distinguishing feature that separates a living thing from a non-living thing. A cat moves but so does a car. A tree grows bigger, but so does a cloud. A cell has structure, but so does a crystal. Biologists define life by listing characteristics that living things share. Something that has all of ...
What do the letters in our blood types represent?	iron levels	genomes	proteins	alleles	Another exception to Mendel's laws is a phenomenon called codominance . For example, our blood type shows codominance. Do you know what your blood type is? Are you A? O? AB? Those letters actually represent alleles. Unlike other traits, your blood type has three alleles, instead of two!.
The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and what?	reproductive cycle	digestive cycle	respiratory cycle	calvin cycle	The two stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Do you see how the two stages are related?.
What do living things need to survive?	molecules	oxygen	heat	nutrients	There are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore. They are the intertidal zone , neritic zone , and oceanic zone . Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water. Why? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. Li...
The denser regions of the electron cloud are called what?	isotopes	cores	lattices	orbitals	Some regions of the electron cloud are denser than others. The denser regions are areas where electrons are most likely to be. These regions are called orbitals . Each orbital has a maximum of just two electrons. Different energy levels in the cloud have different numbers of orbitals. Therefore, different energy levels...
In studying energy, what term do scientists use to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers?	world	molecule	ecosystem	system	6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics In studying energy, scientists use the term “system” to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers. Everything outside of the system is called the surroundings. Single cells are biological systems. Systems can be thought of as having a certain amount of order. It...
To measure what changes that occur in chemical reactions, chemists usually use a related thermodynamic quantity, calledenthalpy?	entropy	ion exchange	evaporation	energy	(a) Initially, the system (a copper penny and concentrated nitric acid) is at atmospheric pressure. (b) When the penny is added to the nitric acid, the volume of NO2 gas that is formed causes the piston to move upward to maintain the system at atmospheric pressure. In doing so, the system is performing work on its surr...
A system in what state cannot spontaneously change, and therefore can do no work?	stability	equality	balance	equilibrium
What is a species that plays an especially important role in it's community called?	Leader	complement	Invasive	keystone	Some predator species are known as keystone species. A keystone species is one that plays an especially important role in its community. Major changes in the numbers of a keystone species affect the populations of many other species in the community. For example, some sea star species are keystone species in coral reef...
What term that shows how fast a population is growing includes new members added to the population over a given period, as well as old members removed from the population?	emigration	birth rate	population density	growth rate	The population growth rate is how fast a population is growing. The letter r stands for the growth rate. The growth rate equals the number of new members added to the population in a year for each 100 members already in the population. The growth rate includes new members added to the population and old members removed...
The rings of what planet can be easily seen from earth?	Neptune	Venus	jupiter	saturn	All of the outer planets have numerous moons. They also have planetary rings made of dust and other small particles. Only the rings of Saturn can be easily seen from Earth.
What planet is a blue green color?	Mercury	Mars	sirius	uranus	Uranus is a lot like Jupiter and Saturn. The planet is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. There is a thick layer of gas on the outside. Further on the inside is liquid. But Uranus has a higher percentage of icy materials than Jupiter and Saturn. These materials include water, ammonia, and methane. Uranus is also d...
The simplest class of organic compounds is the what?	gas	particles	Phenols	hydrocarbons	isolating the individual components, preservationists are better able to determine the condition of an object and those books and documents most in need of immediate protection. The simplest class of organic compounds is the hydrocarbons, which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum and natural gas are comp...
Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel and are thought to be very similar to what part of the earth?	mantel	crust	shelf	core	Scientists study meteorites to learn about Earth’s interior. Meteorites formed in the early solar system. These objects represent early solar system materials. Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel. They are thought to be very similar to Earth's core ( Figure below ). An iron meteorite is the closest thing to a s...
Which pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity?	cranial pathway	posterior pathway	dual pathway	trigeminal pathway	The trigeminal pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity. As with the previously discussed nerve tracts, the sensory pathways of the trigeminal pathway each involve three successive neurons. First, axons from the trigeminal ganglion enter the brain stem at the level of the p...
The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and what else?	density	volume	direction	velocity	The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. You can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object with this equation:.
Cycling, shoveling snow and cross-country skiing are examples of what kind of heart-strengthening activity?	exercise	metabolism	anaerobic	aerobic	When done regularly, aerobic activities, such as cycling, make the heart stronger. Other aerobic activities include mowing lawn, shoveling snow and cross country skiing.
What take the shape of their container, and are relatively easy to compress?	fluids	molecules	semi-fluids	gases	The story is quite different for gases. Gases take the shape of their container, and they are relatively easy to compress. There are fewer gas particles per unit volume than for the same substance in the liquid or solid form. In fact, the liquid form of a given material is generally several hundred times more dense tha...
What is moving air called?	humidity	steam	clouds	wind	Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind.
What property makes bone marrow cells ideal for gene therapy?	Matching	behavior reproduction	irreversible reproduction	lifelong reproduction
What is the name of the two metalloids in the carbon group called?	silver and gold	titantium and copper	silicon and gold	silicon and germanium	Group 14 is called the carbon group. This group contains two metalloids: silicon and germanium. Carbon is a nonmetal, and the remaining elements in this group are metals.
What is the name of the zone where water is deeper than 200 meters called?	eccentric zone	transition zone	euphotic zone	aphotic zone	The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. This is where too little sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis to occur. As a result, producers must make "food" by chemosynthesis , or the food must drift down from the water above.
Diagnosing and treating cancer is a beneficial use of what potentially dangerous energy?	solar	thermal	mechanical	radiation	Radiation has several important uses, including diagnosing and treating cancer.
Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. these individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in what?	meat	fruit	peanuts	milk	Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. These individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in milk. A more serious problem is the genetic disease galactosemia, which results from the absence of an enzyme needed to convert galactose to glucose. Cer...
Three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and gfci outlets are safety features that recognize the danger of what?	gravity	heat	magnetism	electricity	Because electricity can be so dangerous, safety features are built into modern electric circuits and devices. They include three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and GFCI outlets. You can read about these three safety features in the Figure below . You can learn more about electric safety features in the home by watching...
Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in what?	crystals bonds	molecular bonds	liquid bonds	chemical bonds	Catabolic Reactions Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in the chemical bonds. These energy releases (conversions) are not 100 percent efficient. The amount of energy released is less than the total amount contained in the molecule. Approximately...
In qualitative analysis, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce what?	erosion	motion	sunlight	precipitation	Selective precipitation can also be used in qualitative analysis. In this method, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce precipitation. Certain reagents cause specific ions to precipitate out; therefore, the addition of the reagent can be used to determine whether the ion is present in the...
While climate change in earth history was due to natural processes, what is primarily to blame for recent global warming?	factories	wars	volcanos	human actions	Climate change in Earth history was due to natural processes. Recent global warming is due mainly to human actions. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the air. This creates greater greenhouse effect and global warming.
What is the simplest life cycle?	metamorphic cycle	diploid life cycle	binary life cycle	haploid life cycle	The haploid life cycle ( Figure below ) is the simplest life cycle. It is found in many single-celled organisms. Organisms with a haploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as haploid gametes. When the haploid gametes fuse, they form a diploid zygote. It quickly undergoes meiosis to produce more haploid gamet...
What keeps the moon orbiting earth?	axial tilt	Coriolis effect	the Sun	gravity	Gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth. Gravity keeps the planets orbiting the Sun.
What are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions?	magnetic bonds	inept bonds	soluble bonds	ionic bonds	Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What produces hormones that directly regulate body processes?	pancreas	hippocampus	lymph glands	hypothalamus	The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. For example, it produces antidiuretic hormone. This hormone travels to the kidneys and stimulates them to conserve water by producing more concentrated urine.
Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of what process?	emergence	regression	devolution	evolution	Take a close look at this gorilla hand. The similarities to a human hand are remarkable. Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of evolution.
What is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust?	carbon	nitrogen	helium	silicon	What is this intricate orb? It is the greatly magnified skeleton of single-celled ocean organisms call radiolarian. The skeleton is made of an element that is extremely common on Earth. In fact, it is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust. It is also one of the most common elements in the entire universe. W...
Which kind of genetics approach involves mutating or deleting genes provides researchers with clues about gene function?	inverse genetics	possible genetics	impossible genetics	reverse genetics	Watch this short video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/transgenic) explaining how scientists create a transgenic animal. Although the classic methods of studying the function of genes began with a given phenotype and determined the genetic basis of that phenotype, modern techniques allow researchers to start at the DNA ...
More than half of all known organisms are what?	spiders	mammals	enzymes	insects	The majority of arthropods are insects (Class Insecta). In fact, more than half of all known organisms are insects. There may be more than 10 million insect species in the world, although most of them have not yet been identified. In terms of their numbers and diversity, insects clearly are the dominant animals in the ...
For what purpose does liver use the excess carbohydrate?	convert starches	process sugar	dilute carbohydrates	to synthesize glycogen	Obesity With obesity at high rates in the United States, there is a public health focus on reducing obesity and associated health risks, which include diabetes, colon and breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease. How does the food consumed contribute to obesity? Fatty foods are calorie-dense, meaning that they have mo...
Saturn is made mostly of helium and what else?	hydrogen	nitrogen	carbon	hydrogen	Saturn’s composition is similar to Jupiter's. The planet is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. These elements are gases in the outer layers and liquids in the deeper layers. Saturn may also have a small solid core. Saturn's upper atmosphere has clouds in bands of different colors. These clouds rotate rapidly around th...
What are alkenes organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms described as?	strong	saturated	insulated	unsaturated	Alkenes Organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are described as unsaturated. You have likely heard of unsaturated fats. These are complex organic molecules with long chains of carbon atoms, which contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarb...
Electrons in covalent compounds are shared between the two atoms, unlike the case in what type of bonds?	soluble bonds	horizontal bonds	weak bonds	ionic bonds	The two materials do have at least one thing in common. The atoms in the materials are held together by covalent bonds. These bonds consist of electrons shared between two or more atoms. Unlike ionic bonds, where electrons are either lost or gained by an atom to form charged ions, electrons in covalent compounds are sh...
What is the resistance of a liquid to flow called?	elasticity	turbulence	permeability	viscosity	Viscosity (η) is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Some liquids, such as gasoline, ethanol, and water, flow very readily and hence have a low viscosity. Others, such as motor oil, molasses, and maple syrup, flow very slowly and have a high viscosity. The two most common methods for evaluating the viscosity of a liqui...
The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what?	components	electrons	molecules	nucleus	Atoms have a mass that is based largely on the number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus.
Where do polychaete worms live?	in coral reefs	in tide pools	attached to marine life	the ocean floor	Annelids called polychaete worms live on the ocean floor. They may be filter feeders, predators, or scavengers. The amazing feather duster worm in Figure below is a polychaete that has a fan-like crown of tentacles for filter feeding.
What is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?	lithography	geomorphology	heredity	biogeography	Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. It provides more evidence for evolution. Let’s consider the camel family as an example.
Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on this?	analogous thorax	posterior thorax	inferred thorax	posterior thorax	Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on the posterior thorax (Figure 11.22 and Table 11.8). The anterior muscles include the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior. The posterior muscles include the trapezius, rhomb...
What are the two major types of seed plants called?	deciduous and evergreen	perennials and annuals	flowers and fruits	gymnosperms and angiosperms	The two major types of seed plants are the gymnosperms (seeds in cones) and angiosperms (seeds in ovaries of flowers). Figure below shows how the seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms differ. Do you see the main difference between the two seeds? The angiosperm seed is surrounded by an ovary .
What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis?	insulin	chloride	sugar	glucose	Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis, a universal food for life. It is also the primary form in which your bloodstream delivers energy to every cell in your body.
How is oxygen transferred into the bloodstream?	brain diffusion	mean diffusion	hard diffusion	simple diffusion	The oxygen enters the bloodstream from the alveoli , tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ( Figure below ). The transfer of oxygen into the blood is through simple diffusion.
Ringworm and athlete's foot are human diseases caused by what simple organisms?	viruses	bacteria	insects	fungi	Fungi are simple eukaryotic organisms that consist of one or more cells. They include mushrooms and yeasts. Human diseases caused by fungi include ringworm and athlete’s foot. Both are skin diseases that are not usually serious. A ringworm infection is pictured below ( Figure below ). A more serious fungus disease is h...
What is the measure of the change in the velocity of a moving object called?	pressurization	transmission	compression	acceleration	A car’s gas pedal, like the one in Figure below , is sometimes called the accelerator. That’s because it controls the acceleration of the car. Pressing down on the gas pedal gives the car more gas and causes the car to speed up. Letting up on the gas pedal gives the car less gas and causes the car to slow down. Wheneve...
What is the usual treatment for acute bronchitis?	pesticides	surgery	physical therapy	antibiotics	Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the air passages that conduct air into the lungs. The bronchi become red and swollen with infection. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria, and may last several days or weeks. It is characterized by a cough that produces phlegm, or mucus. Symptoms includ...
What are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian?	insects	carnivores	rodents	primates	Primates are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian primates.
The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason what moves?	oceans	animals	planets	continents	In some places, the oceanic crust comes up to a continent. The moving crust pushes that continent away from the ridge axis as well. If the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, the crust sinks into the mantle. The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason that continents move.
What is the concept by which two species within the same area to coexist by adapting by developing different specializations?	character concept	character development	feature displacement	character displacement	Looking at different types of competition, ecologists developed the competitive exclusion principle . The principle states that species less suited to compete for resources will either adapt, move from the area, or die out. In order for two species within the same area to coexist, they may adapt by developing different...
A turbine that spins a generator will produce?	magnetic fields	solar energy	light	electricity	You can follow the operation of an electricity-generating fission reactor in the image above. The reactor core is submerged in a pool of water. The heat from the fission reaction heats the water, which is pumped into a heat exchange container. There the heated water boils the water in the heat exchanger. The produced s...
Meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid cells called what?	seeds	fibers	ions	spores
In this type of reaction, an element replaces another element in a compound, and the element is in any state of matter but is not an ion?	polar reaction	double-replacement reaction	replication reaction	single-replacement reaction	A single-replacement reaction is one in which an element replaces another element in a compound. An element is in either the solid, liquid, or gas state and is not an ion. The example below shows the reaction of solid magnesium metal with aqueous silver nitrate to form aqueous magnesium nitrate and silver metal.
What are the two distinct types of cells found in the animal kingdom?	chromosomes and eukaryotes	DNA and Eukaryotes	bacteria and eukaryotes	prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What category of elements are chacterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility?	noble gases	halogens	nonmetals	metals	Metallic Solids Metals are characterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility. Every lattice point in a pure metallic element is occupied by an atom of the same metal. The packing efficiency in me...
Angiosperms are also known as what?	dead plants	dry plants	uncommon plants	flowering plants	Introduction Plants are as essential to human existence as land, water, and air. Without plants, our day-to-day lives would be impossible because without oxygen from photosynthesis, aerobic life cannot be sustained. From providing food and shelter to serving as a source of medicines, oils, perfumes, and industrial prod...
An estimated 100 trillion of these live in the gut of an average person?	algae	viruses	pathogens	bacteria	It is estimated that 100 trillion bacteria live in the gut. This is more than the human cells that make up you. It has also been estimated that there are more bacteria in your mouth than people on the planet. There are over 7 billion people on the planet.
The ability to regulate what, which is possessed by mammals, was an advantage as earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes?	hair growth	mutations	reflex behaviors	body temperature	Mammals have the ability to regulate body temperature. This is an advantage, as Earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes. Mastodons, saber tooth tigers, hoofed mammals, whales, primates and eventually humans all lived during the Cenozoic Era ( Figure below ).
What is the term for very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding dna?	addition dna	recombinant dna	models dna	satellite dna	The majority of the human genome is non-coding sequence. These sequences include regulatory sequences, and DNA with unknown functions. These sequences include tandem repeat elements known as satellite DNA , and transposons. Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. The repeating...
What kind of map can show the features of the bottom of a body of water?	country	topographic	basic	bathymetric	Oceanographers use bathymetric maps to show the features of the bottom of a body of water.
What evolved, adapted response to resource availability is the long-range seasonal movement of animals?	regulating	changing	Stagnation	migration	Migration Migration is the long-range seasonal movement of animals. It is an evolved, adapted response to variation in resource availability, and it is a common phenomenon found in all major groups of animals. Birds fly south for the winter to get to warmer climates with sufficient food, and salmon migrate to their spa...

Subsets and Splits

Random 3000 Non-Empty Supports

Randomly selects 3000 non-empty support entries from the dataset, providing a basic sample for review but without significant analytical value.