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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
US-1563242-A
|
US-71623224-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24877256
| 1925-11-24
| 1924-05-27
| 1925-11-24
|
81/169.
|
B25B13/16
|
B25B13/16
|
TWEIT JACOB M
|
Wrench
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Patented Nov. 24, 19 25. </p>
<p> 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>' JACOB M. TWEIT, F HOLCOMBE, WISCONSIN. </p>
<p>WRENCH. </p>
<p>Application filed May 27, 1924. Serial No. 716,232. </p>
<p>a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled l in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. </p>
<p> This'invention relates to wrenches, and has for one of its objects the provision of a device of this character which shall include a handle through the medium of which the jaws may be easily and quickly adjusted to fit bolt heads and nuts of different sizes, and through the medium of which the jaws may be constantly urged in the direction of each other during the turning of a bolt or nut so as to prevent any casual movement between the wrench and the part being turned. </p>
<p> A further object of the invention is the provision of a wrench wherein the jaws will be positively held against any relative axial or turning movements. </p>
<p>A still further object of the invention is the provision of a wrench which may be used to hold a bolt against movement during the application of a nut thereto or the removal of the nut therefrom. </p>
<p> With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein: </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a wrench constructed in accordance with my invention, </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on a plane extending centrally and longitudinally through the wrench, </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a detail sectional View taken on the plane indicated by the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view taken on the plane indicated by the line H of Fig. 1 </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is a detail Sectional view taken on the plane indicated by the line 55 of Fig. 2, and </p>
<p>Fig. 6 is a detail view illustrating a slightly modified construction of the jaws of the wrench. I </p>
<p>The wrench comprises a bar. 1 which is preferably of elliptical formation in crosssectionand which is provided at one end-- with an inner or relatively stationary jaw 2. The bar 1 is provided with a bore exv tendingthroughout the entire length there of and having a portion 3 ofelliptical formation in cross-section and a portions of cylindrical formation. The outer end of the cylindrical portion 4 ofthebore of the bar 1 is counterbored to provide a socket 5 in which the inner end of a hollow handle 6 l is rotatably mounted. A nut 7 is secured within the inner end of" the handle 6 by a screw 8 which due to its location withinthe socket 5 is held against accidental dis placement. I </p>
<p> A shank 9 of elliptical formation in cross section is slidably mounted in the'bore of end with an outer or relatively movable jaw 10. The shank 9 has a snug fit in the elliptical portion 3 of the bore of the bar 1 to prevent any relative lateral or rotary movements of the jaws 2 and 10. At its inner end, the shank 9 is provided with a "the bar 1, and it is provided at its outer reduced threaded stem 11 which passes freely through a washer or abutment 12 secured by screws 13 within the socket 5 inwardly of the inner end of the handle 6 and which passes through the nut 7 into the handle 6, the stem having screw-threaded engagement with the nut. </p>
<p>the cylindrical portion 1 of the bore of the A spring 14;, V which surrounds the stem 11, is mounted in rod 1 between the washer 12 and a washer 15 positioned upon thestem in contact with the inner end of the shank 9, and serves in conjunction with the handle 6 to prevent the jaws 2 and 10 from having any casual relative axial movements. To prevent the stem 11 from being disconnected from the handle 6 during the outward adjustment of the jaw 10, the stem is provided with a cotter-pin 16, at a point outwardly beyond the nut 7. </p>
<p> Preferably, the jaw 10 is provided with a smooth active face 17 and the jaw 2 with a toothed active face 18, the toothed active face permitting a firm j grip to be secured upon a nut or head of a bolt. Both jaws 2 and 10 are provided with flanges 19 which 9 are adapted to be inserted beneath thehead of a round-headed bolt when it is desired to use the wrench tor-the purposeof holding the bolt against turning movement while ap plying a nut to or removing it from the bolt. </p>
<p>The flanges 19 are located at corresponding sides of the jaws 2 and 10, and they extend beyond the active faces of the jaws, and their inner sides are inclined vastshown in nutengaging jaws 2 and 10. The pipe engagingjaws-ZF and 10 are provided'with toothed-arcuate active faces EZO'endMQl, re- </p>
<p>Speotively, </p>
<p> F rem the foregoing description, taken no connection with the accompanying draws ing,.it will be seen that the jaws are adapted to bed-adjusted through a-turning movement of the, handle. 6, and that owing thereto the jaws. may be readily adjusted and constantly urgedin the directionof each other while I i the wrench-1s 1111138. The spring l i'tunctions to prevent casual inward movement of the aw 10 andcasual rotationofthe handle 6. The flanges 19 onthe jaws 2 and a 10 adapt thewrenoh toruse as a bolt holder, </p>
<p>and when so used the flanges engage the inner side of the bolt head and the jaws engagev thenlateral sides of thebolt head. Ifa-i'terbeing applied to thehead of a bolt, </p>
<p>thewrenchis moved into contact with thev part adapted to prevent its rotation, both hands otthe operator will be left free to apply aanut to or remove it *from the bolt. </p>
<p> It should be understood that the drawing is merely illustrative and does not pretend to give exact proportions. Furthermore, the said drawing is illustrative of a preferred construction, it being my expectation that variousehanges and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.v </p>
<p>What is-claimed is A wrench comprising. a bar provided with a bore havingcircular and non-circular portions,-the outer end of the circular portion of thebore being enlarged to provide a socket, a shankof non-circular formation in cross-section slidably mounted inthe bore and provided fat its outer end with a jaw and at its inner end with a reduced screwthreaded store, an abutment removably secured within the socket, a spring located" within the bore between the shank and abutment, a hollow handle having ts nner end reinovably positioned in the socket in contact with the abutment, anut threaded on the stem and located within the inner end of the handle, and a nut-receiving element carried by the handle and engaging the nut and located within the socket. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof I affix my signature, </p>
<p>J AOOB M. TWEIT. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1287525-A
|
US-16136517-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3355092
| 1918-12-10
| 1917-04-11
| 1918-12-10
|
460/24.
| null |
A01F11/02
|
BRABANT EDOUARD VAN
|
Machine for removing the flax-seed from the flax.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>EQVAN BRABANT. </p>
<p>MACHINE FOR REMOVING THE FLAX SEED FROM THE FLAX; APPLICATION FILED APR. 11. 19H. </p>
<p>1,28%525, Patented Dec.10, 1918. </p>
<p>flu: lot-u arms 00.. rumumn. Iuulnmon. n a </p>
<p>EIDOUARD VAN BRABANT, 0F MAIDA VALE, LONDON, ENG-LAND. </p>
<p>MACHINE FOR REMOVING THE FLAX-SEED FROM THE FLAX. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented Dec. 10, 1918. </p>
<p>Application filed April 11, 1917. Serial No. 161,365. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, EDoUARD VAN BRA- BANT, a citizen of the Republic of France, and resident of Maida Vale, in the county of London, Kingdom of England, have invented a certain new and useful Machine for Removing the Flax-Seed from the Flax, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> This invention relates to an improved machine particularly adapted for use in removing or extracting the seed from flax. </p>
<p> The invention has for its object to provide a machine of simple and inexpensive construction which is manually operated and whereby the seed can be easily, quickly and efiectively separated from the fibers, stems or stalks of the flax. </p>
<p> A suitable construction of the machine will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine; and </p>
<p> Fig. 2 represents an end elevation of the same. </p>
<p> The machine illustrated comprises a wooden or other stand a upon which is rotatably mounted in suitable bearings a shaft 1; having a hand wheel or fly wheel a secured to one of its ends and a roller or drum (Z fixed on its other end. Disposed above the roller or drum d is a second and freely mounted roller or drum 6 carried on one end of a second shaft f which is mounted on the stand. The roller 6 may be loosely mounted on the shaft 7 and the latter be fixed on the stand, or said shaft may be rotatably mounted and the said roller be fixed thereon. One or both of the shafts may be vertically adjustable in relation to the stand. </p>
<p> To separate or extract the seed from the flax the latter is passed or drawn through between the rollers or drums and the latter arrest the passage of said seed and the husks and strip the same from the fibers, stems or stalks. The roller or drum (Z can be driven by turning the hand wheel 0 while the lower ends of the stems or stalks of the flax are Worked between the two rollers 0r drums and pulled through them, thus causing the roller 6 to also rotate, the weight of the wheel assisting the action of the rollers or drums as the flax passes between them. </p>
<p>What I claim is A machine for separating seed from flax, comprising a frame, a manually operable plain roller projecting beyond the frame and secured on a shaft, and a second loosely mounted plain roller mounted on the frame and projecting beyond the latter and disposed over the manually operated roller, the outer ends of the rollers being unsupported and entrance to the gap at the'free ends of the rollers being unobstructed so that the flax can be inserted and drawn through the rollers by hand, the seed and husks being arrested from passing between the rollers by the action of the latter and thereby stripped from the stalks. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name. </p>
<p>' EDOUARD VAN! BRABANT. </p>
<p> Copies of this patent may be obtained for live cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of IPatents, </p>
<p>\ Washington, D. C. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1815114-A
|
US-37355629-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23472889
| 1931-07-21
| 1929-06-25
| 1931-07-21
|
254/25.
|
B25C11/00
|
B25C11/00
|
PETERSEN JOHN W
|
Shield attachment for claw bars
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>July 21, 1931. </p>
<p>J. w. PETERSEN ET AL 1,815,114 </p>
<p>SHIELD ATTACHMENT FOR CLAW BARS Filed June 25, 1929 In ventom A tiorney Patented July 21, 1931 STATES JOHN w. PETERSEN AND EMERYrBEVABD,rongnsannnvlnnn; IOWA. </p>
<p>SHIELD ATTACHMENT 130B. CL AVST BARS Application filed June 25, </p>
<p> This invention relates to claw bars and has more particular reference to a shield for a claw bar, said shield being especially designed so as to protect the user of the claw 5 bar from the danger of being struck by the flying head of a spike, since as is very often the case, when pulling a spike from a tie or the like with a claw bar, the head of the spike will fly off and injure the person operating the claw bar. </p>
<p> Another very important object of the invention is to provide a shield of the above mentioned nature, which is very simple in construction, can be attached to any conven- 15 tional make of claw bar, will not interfere in any way with the usual operation of the claw bar, is inexpensive, and is thoroughly reliable and practical in operation. </p>
<p> Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent during a study of the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a perspective view of a claw r bar showing a practical application of the invention. </p>
<p>Figure 2 is a side view thereof. </p>
<p>Figure 3 is a front elevation thereof. </p>
<p> With reference more in detail to the drawings, it will be seen that 5 designates generally a claw bar of conventional construction comprising the handle or shank 6, and claw head 7. As illustrated the shield is preferably formed from a single piece of metal and consists of a substantially rounded flat head portion 8, merging into a rearwardly and upwardly extending shank portion 9. The shank 9 is substantially U-shaped in formation being provided with the side web 10, said web tapering in width and merging into the head 8 of the shield. The head is further provided with a sight opening 11. </p>
<p> In practice, the shield is pivotally connected or attached to the shank 6 of the claw bar at the juncture of the shank and claw head 7, the webs 10 of the shank being disposed one to each side of the shank 6 of the claw bar, and a through as illustrated at 12, providing a pivot pin for the shield. Thus it will be single bolt passed there- 192a Seriahli'o. 37,73,556. </p>
<p>seen that.in normah positions the head 8 of the shield is adapted to rest on the claw of the bar, in such a manner as not to interfere with the claw, the shield being at the same time permitted to raise upwardly fromthe claw, so that the shank of a bolt may be gripped by the claw in the usual manner, </p>
<p>in which case the shield will cover the head of the bolt. This being the case, it will be seen that when a pull or pressure is exerted 0 upon the claw bar for pulling a spike out of a rail ply or the like, should the end of the spike become broken off, the head will be prevented from flying oif and injuring the one operating the bar, since it is ap parent that the broken head of the spike will first strike against the shield so that even if the force is enough to raise the shield, the same will only be raised a suitable height, since it is apparent that the shank 9 of the shield will strike against the shank of the claw bar, as for example to a position shown in Figure 1. Thus, the force of the flying head will be arrested, since the same will merely strike the shield and then fall harm lessly to one side. The plate 11 formed in the shield will of course permit the user to see the head of the spike and thus the shield will in no way interfere with the operator from gripping the spike in the usual" manner. </p>
<p> From the foregoing then, it will be seen that we have provided a thoroughly practical and efficient shield for use with claw bars and which will be found to be thor' oughly practical and reliable in use and otherwise well adapted for the purpose designed. </p>
<p> Even though we have herein shown and described the preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible to changes fully comprehended by the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claim. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: v a </p>
<p> A shield for claw bars, comprising a body formed from a single blank of material and including a relatively large head portion merging into a relatively narrow elongated shank portion extending upwardly and outwardly from said head portion, said shank portion being substantially inverted U- shaped in cross section and adapted to receive between the sides thereof adjacent the free end of the shank, the handle portion of a claw bar and a pivot bolt extending thru the sides of said shank portion and an adjacent portion of the claw bar for pivotally supporting said shield in operative position with respect to the claw of said claw bar, and the head portion of said shield remote from said shank provided with a sight opening. </p>
<p>tures. </p>
<p>JOHN W. PETERSEN. EMERY BEVARD. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof we afiix our signa- </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-205091-A
|
US-205091D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2274495
| 1878-06-18
| null | 1878-06-18
|
24/600.9
| null |
A44C5/145
| null |
Improvement in lap-links
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>M. HOWARD. Lap-Link. </p>
<p>No. 205,091. Patented June 18, 18 78. </p>
<p>Attorneys N. PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRIPNER WASHINGTON. D. C, </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OE'EIoE. I </p>
<p>MATTHEW HOWARD, OF PARIS, KENTUCKY. </p>
<p>IMPROVEMENT IN LAP-LINKS. </p>
<p>Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 205,091, dated June 18, 1878; application filed May 15, 1878. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, MATTHEW HOWARD, of Paris, in the county of Bourbon, and in the State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lap-Links; and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a part of this specification. </p>
<p> The nature of my invention consists in the peculiar construction of an open link, with spring secured thereto for closing the opening in the link, the peculiarities of which will be hereinafter described. </p>
<p> To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to de scribe its construction and operation. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, Figure 1 is a section, and Fig. 2 an edge View, showing the spring. </p>
<p> In the figures, A represents the link of a chain, which has an opening cut in one side sufficient to receive anotherlink, or the article to which it is to be connected. This opening is covered by a spring, B. One end of the spring is let just its depth into one end of the link, and is there securely riveted. The other end of the spring lies under the other end ofthe link, the link being slightly notched, </p>
<p>and the spring being sufficiently tapered, so that when it presses against the link it will be flush, and a smooth surface will be formed on the inside of the link, and this at both ends of the spring. </p>
<p> The end of the link projecting over the loose end of the link is so beveled from the end of the spring, as seen at an, outwardly and upwardly, that a space is left between them for the purpose of more readily entering the ring to which it is to be connected. This link may be used for the purpose of connecting broken chains, or for a snap-hook or other similar purposes. </p>
<p> Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is </p>
<p> The open link A, having its end beveled at w, in combination with a spring, a, one end of which is riveted in a recess in the inner side of the ring, and both ends of which are flush with the inner surface of the link, as and for the purpose set forth. </p>
<p>In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2522464-A
|
US-78523747-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
25134846
| 1950-09-12
| 1947-11-12
| 1950-09-12
|
236/99.R
|
G05D23/12
|
G05D23/123
|
PRINCE CHARLES C
|
Heat control device
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Sept. 12, 1950 c..c. PRINCE HEAT con'mor. DEVICE Filed Nov, 12, 1947 .Re 6 00 8 1 i 3. r w. .p e HG. Z 4/ r w 2% a 2 C 6 8 1 02 2 3 d, a fi Z ATTCJ R N EYS Patented Sept. 12, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,522,464 HEAT CONTROL DEVICE Charles 0. Prince, Raleigh, N. '0. Application November 12, 1947, Serial No. 785,237 </p>
<p> My present invention relates to an improved thermostatic oil flow control of the type especially adapted for use with space heaters and so ar- 1 Claim. (Cl. 236-459) ranged as to automatically cut off the flow of oil 4 of the conventional oil flow valve reaches a predeterby actuation when the room temperature mined point. </p>
<p> .A more even control of the burner operation and resultant maintenance of room temperature will bring about a saving in oil and also a more comfortable temperature in the air of the room. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one complete example of the physical embodiment of my invention according to the best mode I have thus far devised but it will be understood that various changes and alterations may be made in the exemplified structure within the scope of the appended claim. </p>
<p>In the drawings: </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a top plan view of the device of my invention as used in connection with an oil flow valve assembly. </p>
<p>Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of my device. </p>
<p>Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view. </p>
<p>Fig. 4 is a front elevational view. </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view at line 5--5 of Fig. 3. </p>
<p> Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view at line 6-6 of Fig. 5. </p>
<p> Referring now to the drawings I have illustrated the present preferred embodiment of the structure of my invention as used with a conventional valve casing having a cover 2 and an oil tube fitting 4 and provided with a valve stem actuator 6. </p>
<p> In my invention I employ an open bottom housing having a rear wall 8 and front wall I0 formed with an aperture ll therein, and end walls [2 with cover l4. </p>
<p> A rearwardly extending flange I6 is normally secured by screws l8 to the valve casing, and within the housing I utilize a transverse bar 20 journaled in the walls of the housing and secured thereto rigidly is the thermostat arm 22 connected with the thermostat 24 of the bellows type. An actuator arm 26 abuts the thermostat and is positioned in the path of its expansive movement at 28. A pivoted support bar 30 supports the actuator arm and its valve contact arm and is journaled at 32 in the end walls of the housing. </p>
<p> A control bar 34 has a central U-crank 36 located under the thermostat arm 22 and the control bar is journaled at 38 in the end walls of the housing. A cotter pin 48 secures the free end of the bar in position and the other end has a control arm 42 formed with an inturned end 44 movable under the indicia plate 46 on the exterior of one side wall of the housing. The inturned end 44 frictionally engages the side wall of the housing to retain the arm in the desired position after it has been moved to agree with the indicia plate 46. Thus if the control arm 42 is turned to move the thermostat closer to the arm 26 or further from the arm 26 the thermostat 24 will be caused to operate at a lower or higher temperature. </p>
<p> With the control bar set at the desired position to regulate the minimum temperature to be maintained, the thermostat will expand under any rise in temperature to rock the actuator arm and depress the valve contact arm to close the valve of the casing and shut off the supply of oil to the burner. As the temperature declines and the thermostat contracts the contact arm will raise allowing the oil to pass. </p>
<p> By this simple construction the desired constant temperature may be maintained on any conventional type of space heater, and being simple in operation and requiring no electrical connections may be installed and maintained by the most inexperienced person. </p>
<p> Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: </p>
<p> In a control for use with an oil flow valve for space heaters having a valve stem actuator and said control having a box-like housing provided with an open bottomadapted to receive the oil flow valve the improvement comprising, a bar journalled in the housing transversely thereof, a heat responsive element in the housing, an arm on one side of the element rigid with the bar, </p>
<p>' an actuator arm within the housing abutting the element on the opposite side thereof, a pivoted support bar journalled transversely of the housing below but parallel to said first bar, and said support bar being secured to and supporting said actuator arm, a control bar journalled transversely of the housing intermediate of and parallel with the two first said bars, a central U-shaped crank in said control bar adapted to abut the armon the element, a control arm on the outer end of said control bar, adapted to coincide with indicia placed on the outside of said housing, </p>
<p>I whereby when said control arm is adjusted in relation to said indicia the crank in said control bar will engage the arm on said element to regulate the control of said oil flow valve. </p>
<p>CHARLES C. PRINCE. </p>
<p> REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,712,841 Powers et al May 14, 1929 1,720,522 Ludwick July 9, 1929 1,873,124 Hill Aug. 23, 1932 2,120,669 Hill June 14, 1938 2,406,088 Martin Aug. 20, 1946 2,440,942 Gilbert May 4, 1948 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-702573-A
|
US-1901060788-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2771104
| 1902-06-17
| 1901-05-17
| 1902-06-17
|
425/203.
| null |
B29C48/76
|
MARX FRIEDRICH
|
Apparatus for the manufacture of artificial stone.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>' No. 702,523." Patented lune l7, I902. F; MARX. </p>
<p>APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ABTIFIGIAL STONE. </p>
<p>(Application filed May 17, 1901.) </p>
<p>v zzvezizfon n: Noam: PETERS co momurna, \msummon n c tion in the accompanying drawing'. </p>
<p>UNITED- STATES] PATENT GFFICE. </p>
<p>FRIEDRICH MARX, OF LEIPSIC, GERMANY. </p>
<p>APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent N 0. 702,573, dated June 17, 1902. </p>
<p>Application filed May 17, 1901. Serial No. 60,788. (No model.) </p>
<p>T0 alt whom it may concern.- </p>
<p>Be 1t known that I, FRIEDRICH MARX, manufacturer, a subject of theKing of Saxony, and </p>
<p>a resident of No. 28 Berlinerstrasse, Lei psic, in the Kingdom of Saxony and Empire of Germany, have-inventedce'rtain newand useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Artificial Stone, of which the'following is a specification. </p>
<p>This invention relates to an apparatus for .the manufacture of artificial stone free from pores and unassailable by moisture or atmos pheric influences and which'does not break or shrink and on account of its dense and uniform consistency is particularly adapted for use for lithographic purposes, as it is'at least quite equal and 'incertain respects superior to natural lithographic stones. </p>
<p> An apparatus for thejfmanufacture of artificial stone of this description is shown in sec- The same consists, essentially, of a mixing device a in the form of a cylinder which can be closed hermetically. Above the cylinder is arranged a funnel I), under which is an opening 0 in the cylinder for the introduction of the material. 7 Upon the opposite side to this opening 0 is another opening in the cylinder, leading to the union d, which can be closed by a stop-cock. Within the cylinder are the mixing-balls for mixing and further grinding of the already-ground materiahjwhile above this union is a guardor sieve e' to prevent the falling out ofthe said balls duringthe discharge of the liquid mass. Above this mixing device is a vessel f, which is so connected to the mixing-drum a as to be easilydetached and which serves to receive a lye of magn'esium chlorid for' the purpose of saturating the ground material in-the'mixing-d-rum." </p>
<p>This lye must beconducted from the vessel f to the mixing-drum a through the said connecting-tube g without air being carried with the liquid. </p>
<p> Beneath the mixing-drum Ct is a mold-box for the reception of'the material, and in conformity with the entire manufacture of the stone, which takesplace ifl'oacuo, the said material must reach the mold-box in mono. To efiect this, the said mold-box is arranged in a casing 72, which can be closed hermetically by means of a cover 2' and Which being mounted on rails can easily be moved away in a lateral direction. A telescopic and movable pipe is attached tothe cover t for the purpose ofeffecting an air-tight connection betweeuthe mixing-drum a and the casing 71, </p>
<p>thesaid'pipe lo 'being arranged'to'slide into the union d and attached at that end. The </p>
<p>form'ot marble or, if the consistency and quality of the fi'nishedpr'oductare not of very great moment, in the form of limestone, with an addition of burnt magnesite in a. proportion corresponding to the desired quality and hardness of the'stone; further, two parts of finely-pulverized burnt magnesite and two parts of pure magnesium-chlorid lye of 25 to 30 Baum. varied within certain limits. </p>
<p>This mixture can, however, be Commercial chlorid of magnesium cannot be used for this 1 process without further preparation, but itself or its concentrated solution must be sub- 'mitted to a purifying process. jplished by simply submitting the solution for ten to twelve days to the atmospheric air, whereby the'i'mpurities, particularly sodium This'is accomchlorid, magnesium sulfate, ahdjother. salts, crystallize out,jwhile clay and organicsubstances deposit on the bottom. Bythis operation alladmixtures, amounting to about ten per cent. of the raw material, are separated and the remaining solution of chlorid of magnesium can be considered as chemically pure. With the'aid of the material thus purified artificial stones can be produced which ofier a perfect resistance against the influence of air and do not undergo in the course of time any change in their form. Moreover, such stones show such a uniformstructure that they can easily be polishedandused as lithographic stone, in 'whichcase theyhave many advantages over natural lithographic stones. If no great resistance toiweather and durability is required, unpurified or only slightly-purified materials can be used. </p>
<p>The manufacturing process is here as follows: The desired quantity of afinely-ground mixture in suitable proportions of calcium carbonate and magnesite is introduced. through the funnel b and the opening 0 into the drum a, whereupon after hermetically closing the drum the connection is made between the latter and the injector, so that on the operation of the latter a vacuum is produced in the drum corresponding to a column of water of about thirteen feet. Hereby the air is drawn out of the pores of the powdered mixture, and consequently on moistening the powder the moisture will force its way into the pores, thereby preventing the formation of empty spaces or fissures in the finished stone. The supply of chlorid of magnesium solution acting as moistening means from the receiverf is effected by connecting the latter with the drum through the connecting-pipe Whereupon after opening the stop-cocks the solution will be drawn into the drum, and after disconnecting the pipe 9 an intimate mixture of the contents is effected by revolving the drum. If required, the drum can be exhausted once more to remove any traces of air from the mixture. The connection between the drum and the casing h is then effected by attaching the connecting-pipe 7a to the union d, the said casing containing the mold I and being hermetically closed by the cover '1'. Upon effecting a connection by a branch pipe to the injector m a vacuum is also produced in the casing corresponding to a column of water of about twenty-three feet; but in any case it should exceed the vacuum in the drum. The descent of the contents of the drum into the mold-frame Z takes place automatically after opening the stop-cocks in the union d and the connecting-pipe 7c. The very fluid and uniform mass completely deprived of air spreads out in the mold-box l, which after detaching the respective connecting means and opening the cover 1' can be lifted out and then left until the solidification of the mass takes place. As soon as a fresh mold-box has been placed into the casing and the latter hermetically closed and again connected with the drum a fresh stonecau be produced. The solidification of the mass, owing to the action of the chemical combination of the substances employed, takes place under the development of a considerable temperature of say, 212 to 270 Fahrenheit, thereby facilitating the drying of the mass. Lastly, a rising of the mass cannot, however, take place, as no air is shut Having now described and ascertained the nature of myinvention and the manner of carrying the sameinto effect, be it known that what I consider novel, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is- </p>
<p> In an improved apparatus for the manufacture of artificial stone free of pores, from a mixture of burnt magnesite, calcium carbonate and a lye of magnesium chlorid as moistening means, from which latter the impurities have been removed by submitting to atmospheric air, whereby the said impurities settle down and, in consequence of the extraction of the salts, a consistent and unvariable product is obtained, especially suitable for lithogra jihic stones, the combination of a hermetically-closable drum ct, mounted rotatably, containing mixing-balls and provided with moistening means f and g, an opening 0 in the drum, a funnel b thereabove for the charge of the drum, a hermetically-closable mold-casing h containing a mold-box l and a connecting-piece between the mixing-drum a and the casing it, this connecting-piece being provided with a telescopically-extending pipe 7t", adapted to slide into the union d of the mixing-drum in such manner that the said drum a and the casing h become hermetically connected, whereby after exhaustion of the air, for instance by means of an injector or the like, no more air can again enter through the connecting-piece 7.1 and the production of the stone is effected in uncuo, essentially as and for the purpose set forth. </p>
<p> In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p> FRIEDRICH MARX. lVitnesses: </p>
<p>Monitrz HORN, FRANZ MULLER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1191146-A
|
US-1913796834-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3259099
| 1916-07-18
| 1913-10-23
| 1916-07-18
|
335/39.
| null |
H01H71/40
|
BEAKES HOWARD S
|
Circuit-breaker.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>H. S. BEAKES. </p>
<p>CIRCUIT BREAKER. </p>
<p> APPLICATION FILED OCT-23I 1913. 1,191,146. 1 Patented Jul ls, 1916. </p>
<p>2 SHEETS-SHEET I- Maynefizalle M y FIG. 2 </p>
<p>I -Maynefjzafle [Z Z0 J) Z3 m v .1 J. z! </p>
<p> wrrnzss: A mvzm'on I M A5 11 ZN CZ'% W 5 vflag H. s. BEAKES. </p>
<p>CIRCUIT BREAKER. </p>
<p> APPLICATION FILED OCT-23. I913. </p>
<p>Patented July 18, 1916. </p>
<p>2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. </p>
<p>FIG. 3 </p>
<p> L Ma /zefiza He FIG. 4 </p>
<p>Mayne/42a: </p>
<p>WITNESSES INVENTOR rum MRI/s I-Irnu 0a.. FMOMITNO, vunmarom 04 a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>HOWARD S. BEAKES, 0F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNION SWITCH & SIGNAL COMPANY, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA. </p>
<p>CIRCUIT-BREAKER. </p>
<p>Application filed October 23, 1913. </p>
<p>To It whom it may concern. </p>
<p> Be it known that I, HOWARD S. BEAKES, a citizen of the United States, residing at NVilkinsbur-g, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Circuit-Breakers, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> My invention relates to circuit breakers of the overload type, and particularly to breakers of this type which are operated to open a circuit by a prolonged current above a given value but which are not operated to open the circuit by a momentary surge of current above the given value or by a current of brief duration above the given value. </p>
<p> One object of my invenion is the provision of a circuit breaker of this type in which the operation by momentary surges of current or by current of brief duration above the given value is prevented solely by'electric or electromagnetic means, thus avoiding the necessity for mechanical or pneumatic means for accomplishing this purpose. </p>
<p> I will describe several forms of circuit breakers embodying my invention, and will then point out the novel features thereof in claims. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view showing in side elevation a circuit breaker of the magnet-and-armature type and including one form of means embodying my invention for preventing operation by momentary surges. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing another form of means embodying my invention for preventing operation by momentary surges or by current of brief duration above the given value. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing a modification of the means shown therein for preventing opera tion by momentary surges or by current of brief duration above the given value. Fig. 4: is a view showing a circuit breaker of the solenoid and plunger type including one form of means embodying my invention for preventing operation by momentary surges. </p>
<p> Similar reference'characters refer to similar parts in each of the several views. </p>
<p> Referring first to Fig. 1, the reference character 1 designates a U-shaped yoke of magnetizable material, usually soft iron, to the inside faces of the legs of which are secured two magnet cores 2 and 3 respec- Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented July 18, 1916. </p>
<p>Serial No. 796,834. </p>
<p>tively, also of magnetizable material usually soft iron. An armature a of magnet izable material, usually soft iron, is pivoted to the yoke about midway between the two legs as shown, and is adapted to move between pole-pieces 2 and 5 on the ends of the two magnet coresQ and 3. This armature is prevented from actual contact with either pole-piece by short core pins 5 and 6 of non-magnetizable material to prevent sticking due to residual magnetism. Pole-piece 3 is preferably shaped somewhat as shown, so that when the armature lies against this pole-piece the air gap between the two will have low reluctance. The armature is biased by suitable means, as here shown by gravity, to the position shown in the drawing, that is, to engagement with core pin 5 of core 3. </p>
<p> Core 2 is provided with a winding 7 which forms part of a direct current circuit which the circuit breaker controls. The parts of the device are so proportioned that when the current in the circuit exceeds a certain given 'value, magnet 2 will be sufficiently powerful to raise armature 4 unless this armature is held down by a force other than gravity. One feature of my invention is the provision of means controlled by current in the circuit for exerting such another force on the armature during a momentary surge of current above the given value, but not during a prolonged current in excess of the given value, so that the armature 4L will not be raised by magnet 2 during a momentary surge of current above the given value. This means I will now describe. </p>
<p> Magnet core 3 is provided with a winding 10 which is included in a local circuit which is in inductive relation to the main or line circuit, so that variations in value of the current in the main circuit will cause currents in the circuit of winding 10. As here shown, this'inductive relation is secured by placing a second winding 11 on core 2 and connecting it in circuit with winding 10, the circuit between windings 11 and 10 being completed by conductors 12 and 13. Since the line circuit which feeds winding 7 carries direct current, it is obvious that when the value of the current therein is constant, no current will be induced in winding 11 and winding 10 will therefore not beenergized, so magnet 3 then exerts no force on armature 1-. But when the value of the current in the line circuit varies, current will be induced in winding 11 during the period of such variation, and magnet 23 will then be energized and will exert force on armature 1. </p>
<p> The operation of the parts of the device thus far described is as follows: As long as the current in the line circuit is equal to or below the given value, magnet 2 is not strong enough to raise armature it against the force of gravity. Assume now that a momentary surge of current above the given value occurs in the circuit controlled by the breaker; during the time the current is increasing in value, current in one direction is induced in winding 11, and while the line current is de creasing in value current in the other direction is induced in winding 11, hence during the entire surge magnet 3 is energized and prevents the armature 1 from being raised by magnet A comparatively small current in winding is suiiicient to prevent armature 1- being raised by magnet 2 even when the winding 7 of this magnet carries a comparatively heavy current, because of the relatively small air gap between the armature and polepiece 3, and the relatively large air gap between the armature and pole piece 2. Assume now that the current in the circuit controlled by the breaker rises above the given value and remains substantially constant at a value above the given value. While the current is rising, induced current will flo as before in magnet winding 10 and the armature 1 will be held down, but as soon as the line circuit current becomes constant the induced current ceases so that magnet 3 no longer exerts a force on the armature, and magnet 2 then raises the armature against pole-piece 2. </p>
<p> The armature t may be employed to control one or more contacts in any desired manner. As here shown, a stationary carbon block 1 1 is mounted in a support 16 of insulating material fixed to the upper leg of the yoke 1, and another carbon block is carried by a spring 17 which is mounted in a block 18 of insulating material fixed to the lower leg of the yoke 1. The spring 17 tends to straighten itself out so that contact 1l15 is open, but the spring may be held by suitable means in such position that this contact is closed. As here shown, this means comprises a latch 19 pivotally conn cted with the spring at point 21 and hav ing a shoulder 19 adapted to engage a. hook 2O fixed to the block 18. This latch 19 may be kicked out of hooking engagement with hook by a toe at fixed to the armature 4, so that when the armature is raised it causes contact 1115 to be opened. The spring 17 may be replaced to the closed position by a handle Contact 1 l15 is included in the circuit controlled by the circuit breaker; </p>
<p>in Fig. 1 I have indicated diagrammatically a circuit which may be traced as follows from battery 39 through a switch 38, a motor 37, wire 9, winding 7, wire 8, contact 1 115, spring 17, wire to battery it is understood that this circuit is purely illustrative, and that a circuit breaker embodying my invention is not limited to use in a circuit of this type. </p>
<p> The circuit breaker shown in Fi 2 is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1, except as 10 the windings of magnets :2 and 3. Referring to Fig. 2, the winding for magnet 3, which I have here designated 10. </p>
<p>is formed of wire whose resistance increases with increase of temperature; for example, it may be of iron wire, the resistance of which at red heat is approximately three times its resistance when cold. This \Yilld. ing is energized from the line circuit in any suitable manner, for example, as here shown by connecting it in shunt to the winding 7 for magnet 2. The branch including winding 10" is from wire 8 through wire 21, winding 10, wire 27 to wire 5). Winding 10 will then always carry current when current is flowing in the line circuit. The parts of the apparatus are so proportioned that when the current in the line is below the given value at which it is desired that the circuit breaker should operate, the current flowing in winding 10 is of such value that the temperature of the wire in this winding is comparatively low. The resistance of this winding is then comparatively low and this winding then takes a certain portion of the total current flowing in the line circuit, so that armature 1- is held down with considerable force by magnet The portion of the current which then flows in winding 7 is insuiiicient to cause magnet 2 to raise armature 1 against gravity and the action of magnet 3. \Vhen, however, the current in the line circuit rises above the given value, and remains above this value for a definite length of time. the temperature of the wire in winding 10 rises. The resistance of winding 10 then increases so that winding 7 then carries a larger proportion of the total current than before, and the current in this winding is then sullicient to cause magnet 2 to raise armature 1 against gravity and against the action of magnet 3, thereby opening contact 1-115. llut during a momentary surge of the line current above the given value there is not suilicient time for an appreciable rise of temperature of winding 10, and the increased current in winding 7 is not suilicient to raise armature hence the circuit breaker will not be op res Then, obviously, it will remain closed for a shorter length of time on a current higher than this certain value, and for a longer length of time on a lower current. The core pin which separates armature 4 from polepiece 3, and which is designated by 5 in Fig. 2, is here shown as being comparatively long, for the reason that winding 10 is energized when the circuit breaker should kick off, and if the air gap permitted by this core pin were too short the armature would be held down by even the small current then flowing in winding 10 It is understood that the circuit breaker shown in Fig. 2 may be included in a circuit which is similar to the circuit shown in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Referring now to Fig. 3, the circuit breaker here shown is similar to that shown in Fig. 2, except that the lower magnet 3 is omitted, and a coil of iron wire 10 is connected in shunt to winding 7 by wires 24 and 25. In this modification the armature 4 is held down by gravity only. The parts are so proportioned that when the current in the line circuit is below the given value at which it is desired that the circuit breaker should operate, the current then flowing in coil 10 is of such value that the temperature of the wire in this coil is comparatively low. The resistance of this coil is then comparatively low, and it takes a certain proportion of the total current flowing in the line circuit; the balance of the current, which flows in winding 7, is then insuflicient to raise armature 4. When, however, the line circuit current rises above the given value and remains above this value for a certain length of time, the temperature and consequently the resistance of the coil 1O rise, so that the winding 7 then carries a larger proportion of the total current than before, and this current is sufficient to raise armature 4. But during a momentary surge of the line current above the given value, there is not suflicient time for an appreciable rise of temperature of coil 10*, so that the current in winding 7 is not suliicient to raise arma ture 4 and the circuit breaker is therefore not operated. As explained hereinbefore in connection with Fig. 1, the parts may be so designed that the circuit breaker will remain closed for a definite length of time when subjected to a current of a certain value above the given value. This circuit breaker may be included in a circuit which is similar to that shown in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Referring now to Fig. 4, I have here shown a circuit breaker of the solenoid and plunger type embodying my invention. This circuit breaker, in the form here shown, comprises a rectangular frame 26 of magnetizable material, preferably soft iron, provided with a cross-piece 27 of similar ma terial. The upper part of the frame 26 is provided with a threaded hole 26 into which is screwed a core 28 of magnetizable material, also preferably soft iron, which core is held in place by a nut 28. The core 28 is provided with a central longitudinal hole 31 through which freely passes a stem 30 of non-magnetizable material such as brass, the lower end of which screws into a plunger 29 of magnetizable material, usually soft iron. This plunger passes freely through a hole 27* in the cross-piece 27, so it will be seen that the plunger 29 and stem 30 are free to reciprocate in a vertical path, being guided by the hole in the core 28 and the hole in crosspiece 27. The downward movement of the plunger is limited by a stop comprising a pin of non-magnetizable material screwed into the bottom of the frame 26 and locked by a nut 32 the upward movement is, of course, limited by the engagement of the plunger with the core 28. The core is provided with corepins 33 of non-magnetizable material to prevent actual contact of the core with the plunger. 7 is a solenoid winding which surrounds the core 28 and a portion of the plunger 29, and which forms part of a direct current circuit controlled by the circuit breaker. The parts of the device are so proportioned that when the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, solenoid 7 is sufiiciently energized to raise the plunger 29 unless the plunger is held down by some force other than gravity. As here shown, the means for holding the plunger down during momentary surges of current above the given value is substantially the same as the means shown in Fig. 1; that is, I provide a winding 10 in the form of a solenoid surrounding the plunger 29, which winding is in series with a winding 11 which latter is in inductive relation to the operating winding 7. The operation of the parts of the breaker thus far described is substantially the same as the operation of the form shown in Fig. 1. That is, during a momentary surge of current in the circuit controlled by the breaker, current is induced in winding 11, and the current which consequently flows in solenoid 10 exerts sufiicient influence on the plunger 29 to prevent the latter being raised by solenoid 7. \Vhen. however, the current in the circuit controlled by the breaker remains substantially constant at a value higher than the given value, no current flows in solenoid 10, so that solenoid 7 is then effective to raise plunger 29. The plunger 29 may be employed to control one or more con tacts in any desired manner. As here shown, a spring 17 is mounted in a block 33 of insulating material secured to the frame 26, and this spring is included in the circuit controlled by the breaker in the same man ner as in the preceding Views. In Fig. 4 the spring is provided with a hook 34 which coacts with a latch 35 pivoted in the block The upper end of stem 30 carries a head 36 of insulating material, which, when the plunger is raised, strikes the latch 35 and so releases the spring 17. The circuits {or the solenoid winding 7 and for the re tarding winding 10 are the same as those shown in Fig. 1 and hereinbefore explained. This circuit breaker may be included in a circuit which is similar to the circuit shown in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Circuit breakers embodying my inven tion are adapted for the protection of any circuit wherein it is desired that the circuit should be opened when the current is pro longed above a given value for an appreciable length of time, but wherein a mo mentary surge of current above the given value will cause no harm so that it is undesirable that the circuit should be opened by such a surge. They are, for example, particularly well adapted for the protection of motor circuits. The current drawn by a motor while starting is considerably in excess of that which is drawn after the motor is in operation, but this excess of current is only a momentary surge and does no harm to the motor or other parts of the circuit; it, however, the motor is stalled or operates too slowly and the circuit is not opened. the prolonged excessive current will injure the motor or other parts of the circuit. lVhen a circuit breaker embodying my invention is used to protect a circuit of this character it is adjusted to operate on a prolonged current slightly in excess of ti it drawn by the motor when operating on full load. Then if the motor is stalled or operates too slowly, the circuit breaker will be operated by the prolonged excessive current, but the circuit breaker will not be operated by the momentary surge of current while the motor is being started. </p>
<p> Circuit breakers embodying my invention are also well adapted for use in circuits for the propulsion current for electric railways, in which case the circuit breaker is usually adjusted to operate when the current exceeds a safe maximum value. There are times when this maximum value is exceeded for a short period of time, such, for example, as when a large number of cars or trains are started at once. and it this period of time is not too long the excessive current will do no harm. Circuit breakers embodying my invention can be adjusted to remain closed during a short period of such excessive current, but to open it the excessive current is prolonged tor a suiiicient length of time to be harmful. </p>
<p> Although I have herein shown and described only a few forms of circuit breakers embodying my invention, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: </p>
<p> 1. In combination, an electric circuit; and a circuit breaker comprising a winding e11- ergized from said circuit, a member adapted to be moved by said winding when the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, a second winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the first winding, means controlled by current in said circuit and responsive to mtm'ientary surges of said current above the given value for energizing said second winding, and a contact controlled by said member for controlling said circuit. </p>
<p> In combination, a circuit carrying direct current; and a circuit breaker com prising a winding included in said circuit, a member adapted to be moved by said winding when the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, a second winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the first winding, means for energizing said second winding inductively from said circuit whereby the second winding will be energized by a momentary surge of current above the given value in the circuit and will prevent movement ot the member by such. </p>
<p>surge, but whereby the second winding will not be energized by a. constant current in excess of said value and will therefore not prevent movement of the member by such constant current, and a contact controlled by said member for controlling said circuit. </p>
<p> 3. A circuit breaker comprising a winding, a member adapted to be operated by said winding when the current in the winding exceeds a given value, a second winding tion to the first winding, and a contact controlled by said member. </p>
<p> l. A circuit breaker com 'irising an electromagnet having two windings, means for energizmg one o't said windlngs with di rect current, an armature adapted to be on erated by said magnet when the current in the said energized winding exceeds a given value, a second electromagnet adapted to prevent operation of the aru'iature by the first-mentioned magnet, the winding of the second magnet being connected with the remaining winding of the first magnet, and a contact controlled by said armature. </p>
<p> 5. In combination, an. electric circuit, a movable member, means controlled by current above a given value in said circuit for and a contact controlled by said member for opening said circuit. </p>
<p> 6. In combination, an electric circuit, a movable member, means controlled by current above a given value in said circuit for moving said member in one direction, means responsive to a momentary surge of current in said circuit above said given value but not responsive to a current of constant value regardless of such value for exerting a force on said member in the opposite direction to prevent its movement, and a contact controlled by said member for opening said circuit. </p>
<p> 7 In combination, an electric circuit; and a circuit breaker comprising a Winding energized from said circuit, a member adapted to be moved by said Winding When the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, a second Winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the first Winding, </p>
<p>means controlled by current in said circuit and responsive to momentary surges of said current for energizing said second Winding, and a contact controlled by said member for controlling said circuit. </p>
<p> 8. In combination, an electric circuit, a movable member, means controlled by current above a given value in said circuit for moving said member in one direction, means responsive to a momentary surge of current in said circuit for exerting a force on said member in the opposite direction to prevent its movement, and a contact controlled by said member for opening said circuit. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses. </p>
<p>HOWARD S. BEAKES. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>A.- HERMAN VVEGNER, R. L. KISTLER. </p>
<p>Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, </p>
<p>Washington, D. G. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1200396-A
|
US-2281415-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3268336
| 1916-10-03
| 1915-04-21
| 1916-10-03
|
47/74.
| null |
A01G9/0291
|
SOUTHARD GEORGE B
|
Planting-pot.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>G.B.souTHARD. </p>
<p>l PLANUNG PoT. vMPLICATlON FILED APR.2I| 1915. </p>
<p>Patented Oct. 3, 1916. </p>
<p>UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE. </p>
<p>GEORGE B. SOUTHARD, OF REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA, .AS-SIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO NETTIE N. CHILDS AND ONE-FOURTH TO THERESA A. NYE, OF LOS ANGELES, </p>
<p>CALIFORNIA. </p>
<p>PLANTING-POT. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented Oct. 3, 1916. </p>
<p>Application iled April 21, 1915. Serial No. 22,814. </p>
<p>- construction and the object of the invention is to provide a receptacle in which soil may be placed and seeds planted in said soil and' allowed to germinate and sprout, or'whereby cuttings may be placed therein and allowed to sprout, after which the plant may be transplanted by placing the receptacle in the earth without removing the plant therefrom. c It has been the common practice to germinate seeds and start cuttings by placing soil in earthenware pots, and the seeds or cuttings in the soil. tured suiiiciently it is removed by lifting it with the soil from the pot. This causes a disturbance of the soil and the roots, and </p>
<p>also frequently injures the latter. Pot constructions have been ymade which consist of a pot formed of flexible material, one wall thereof having' a slit whereby the wall may be opened and unrolled from the plant, thus only slightly disturbing the soil and decreasing any possible injury to the root. rlhe soil in many cases is of such a nature that it vwill not cling to the roots when removed from the pot, and falls away, exposing the roots so that they are subject to injury and resulting in arresting the growth of the plant when it is transplanted from the pot to the soil. In many cases delicate plants are killed during the transplanting. Growing plants throw out shoots which seek nourishment, and when a pot containing a plant is placed in the ground, the roots will tend to pass through the walls of the pot to the outside soil, while if the pot is not placed in the soil, the roots do not tend to pass through. </p>
<p> My invention relates to a pot which is constructed of a material such as paper which will disintegrate, and which has formed in the walls thereof recesses so that the roots of the plant when the pot is placed in the ground will work through the walls of the pot with substantially no resistance, and will enter the surrounding soil, taking root When the plant has ma-v therein. The growth of the plant while in the pot is not retarded, the incisions or recesses providing means through which air can enter, thereby aerating the soil and preventing vsumpy soil, which often results in s1ck plants. I attain these objects by the embodiments of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which: </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a development of the cylindrical wall of a pot having recesses therein. Fig. </p>
<p>, 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l. </p>
<p>Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a plant 1n a pot, ready for transplanting to the ground. Fig. i is an elevation of the pot and plant transplanted to the ground, with the roots extending through the walls. </p>
<p> I have shown a pot 7 of cylindrical form, although the shape of the pot is not a feature of my invention. The cylindrical wall 8 is formed of a material such as paper which will eventually disintegrate when placed in the ground. </p>
<p>Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, </p>
<p>the cylindrical wall 8 has recesses 9 provided in its surface, thereby providing a portion of the wall with relatively weak parts, through which the plant roots will penetrate soon after the pot is placed in the ground. When planted in the ground the thin weak portions of the wall at the recesses 9 will disintegrate first and will before disintegration offer less resistance to the passage of roots than the thicker portions of the wall. With such a pot construction the soil may be placed in the pot, the seed placed therein and allowed to germinate, or cuttings may also be placed in the pot and allowed to sprout, the roots confining themselves to the pot. After the plant has matured so that it may be transplanted to the soil, a hole 1l is dug and the pot with the plant transferred thereto. The soil is then packed around the pot. As the plant grows, the roots seek the nourishment of the soil outside of the pot, and work through the weakened portions of the wall, formed by the recesses, and extend outward. The pot eventually disintegrates and in no way interferes with the growth of the plant. It is obvious that this method of transplanting has the advantage of providing a relatively rigid receptacle for containing the soil and roots during the early growth of the plant, and that upon transplanting, there isno disturbanee of the roots or soil and vno interproviding weakened portions which will ference with or arrest of growth of the permit the penetration of roots of plants l0 plant. placed therein before disintegration of the Vhnt I claim is: Walls. </p>
<p>5 A planting pot, comprising a pot formed In Witness that I claim the foregoing I with walls of material which Will disinhave hereunto subscribedmy name this 26th tegrate on being transferred to the ground, day of March, 1915. and having recesses formed therein, thereby GEORGE B. SOUTHARD. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3510145-A
|
US-3510145D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24889620
| 1970-05-05
| 1968-04-08
| 1970-05-05
|
280/47.19
|
A63B55/60
|
A63B55/10
|
YOKERS HENRY P
|
Golf club carrier
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> y 1970 H. P. YOKERS I 3,510,145 </p>
<p>GOLF CLUB CARRIER Filed April 8. 1968 75? PM 1Q al/W211, </p>
<p>Qzfforrzz] United States Patent 3,510,145 GOLF CLUB CARRIER Henry P. Yokers, Menomonee Falls, Wis., assignor to Sit N Rest Golf, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed Apr. 8, 1968, Ser. No. 719,323 Int. Cl. A63b 55/08 US. Cl. 280-4719 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A golf club carrier comprising a substantially rectangular frame member having a pair of wheel assemblies mounted thereon which extend toward the rear of the carrier. A club receiving container is permanently mounted on the frame and extends toward the rear thereof. The container is comprised of a, golf iron receiving compartment in the rear portion thereof and a storage compartment (for jackets, shoes, balls, etc.) in the front portion thereof. The golf iron compartment is adapted to receive golf irons therein with the heads thereof supported at the bottom of the compartment and with the shafts extending outwardly from the open top of the compartment to permit easy removal and insertion thereof. The frame member has an offset portion at the lower end thereof which provides a space for mounting a plurality of golf wood supporting pockets which are fastened to the bottom panel of the storage compartment. The golf wood pockets extend downwardly and rearwardly under the container and are adapted to receive the heads of golf Woods with the toes thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect to the container. With the wood heads tucked under the container, the adjacent frame portions provide a protective bumper to prevent denting and scratching of the wood club heads. The heads of the woods and irons are positioned below the level of the center points of the wheels to provide a low center of gravity for improved stability both when the carrier is at rest as well as when it is being pulled along the ground in use. </p>
<p>BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This invention relates to golf club carriers and more particularly to a golf club carrier wherein the containing and supporting means for the golf clubs is permanently mounted on the carrier. </p>
<p>Description of the prior art The most pertinent prior art known to the applicant are US. Pat. 2,858,140 and 2,985,462. In the prior art patents referred to, the golf woods are mounted on the front portion of the carrier just as in the present application. However, in the prior art the wood clubs are supported in pockets fastened to the front portions of the club container which pockets extend forwardly from the supporting frame and are adapted to receive the golf woods with the toes thereof extending forwardly of the frame thus placing them in a somewhat vulnerable position from the standpoint of possible damage. In the present invention, the frame member is specially designed to provide a protected offset area in which .golf wood receiving pockets are mounted in a position whereby the golf wood heads are supported with the toes thereof pointed downwardly into the protected offset space provided by the frame. As so positioned, the golf woods are not only better protected than in the prior art but in addition provide a compact profile, a lower center of gravity and an improved arrangement for insertion and removal thereof. </p>
<p> 3,510,145 Patented May 5, 1970 r' Ice SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A golf club carrier comprising a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having an offset portion at the lower end thereof and a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on the frame and positioned rearwardly thereof. A golf club container is permanently mounted on the frame and positioned rearwardly thereof. The container has a compartment for receiving golf irons and a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted on the lower front portion thereof which extend downwardly and rearwardly into the space formed by the offset portion of the frame. The pockets are adapted to receive the heads of golf woods with the toes thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect to the container. </p>
<p>DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a golf club carrier embodying my invention; </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the carrier shown in FIG. 1; </p>
<p> FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation view of the carrier with parts broken away; and </p>
<p> FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 44 of FIG. 2. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, the carrier is comprised of a tubular frame member 10, a handle 12, a club container 14 and a pair of wheel assemblies 16, 16. </p>
<p> Frame member 10 is of substantially rectangular configuration and is preferably of tubular steel construction. The configuration of the lower portion of the frame 10 and its relationship to the construction of carrier 14- is of particular importance. As most clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, frame 10 is comprised of parallel side members 17, 17, rearwardly and downwardly angling offsetting portions 18, 18 and forwardly and downwardly angling wheel mounting portions 20, 20 which are interconnected by a horizontally extending foot portion 22. </p>
<p> Wheel assemblies 16 are comprised of wheels 24 rotatably mounted on resilient struts 26 which, in turn, are mounted on portions 20, 20 of frame 10 by means of cylindrical housing members 28 adapted to rotatably receive the ends of struts 26. As shown in FIG. 2, frame portions 20 are bowed outwardly at their point of attachment to housing members 28. The wheel assemblies described above are constructed to permit each wheel to be folded from its operating position as shown in the drawings to a folded position for storage (as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1). The details of construction and operation of such a folding wheel arrangement are disclosed in the previously identified US. Pat. No. 2,785,462 and will thus not be described herein. </p>
<p> The carrier is provided with a handle 12 fastened to frame 10 for pulling the carrier over the ground on wheels 24. While handle 12 can be of any suitable design, one handle design which is specially adapted for use on the carrier disclosed herein is shown and described in detail in US. Pat. No. 3,142,087. </p>
<p> Club container 14 is preferably constructed of a durable and flexible material such as vinyl plastic and is designed to provide a golf iron compartment 30, a storage compartment 32 (for shoes, jackets, etc.) and a plurality of golf wood head compartments or pockets 34. The club container 14 is of bag-like configuration having a sub stantially rectangular cross section and an open top. The container is comprised of front panel 36, a rear panel 38 and a pair of side panels 40, 40. The container is positioned rearwardly of frame 10 between the frame and wheels 24 with the front panel 36 of the container lying in contact with parallel side members 17, 17 of the frame as clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The container 14 is supported on the frame in any suitable manner such as by brackets 42, 42 (welded to the frame) and a horizontally extending support rod 44 mounted on said brackets (FIG. 4). </p>
<p> Container 14 is provided with a centrally located partition 46 extending between side panels 40, 40 which divide the container into the iron compartment 30 and the storage compartment 32. The iron Compartment is provided with a plurality of additional partitions 48 extending between rear panel 38 and main partition 46 as clearly shown in FIG. 4. Partitions 48 serve to divide the iron compartment into a plurality of separate smaller compartments each adapted to receive a single golf iron 56 therein. The irons are supported in the iron compartment 30 by any suitable means such as rods 50, 52 and 54 mounted between the lower ends of side panels 40 as clearly shown in FIG. 3. Also, as shown in FIG, 3, each iron 56 is positioned in compartment 30 with the head 58 of the club pointed towards the front of the carrier, and with the bottom edge of the iron head and the shaft 60 of the iron lying in contact with one or more of the rods 50, 52, 54 and the rear panel 38, respectively. The handle portion 62 of each iron shaft protrudes upwardly out of the one top of the container 14 (FIG. 1) to facilitate easy insertion and removal thereof. </p>
<p> Storage compartment 32 is formed by front panel 36, main partition 46, the front portions of side panels 40 and a bottom panel 64. The top of the storage compartment is open. A zipper 66 is provided in front panel 36 to facilitate access to the storage compartment. The bottom panel 64 of the storage compartment is positioned at an angle with the horizontal and extends parallel to and adjacent with the lower edges of off-setting portions 18, 18 of frame as most clearly shown in FIG. 3. An additional ball storage pocket 68 is provided in compartment 32 as shown in FIG. 3. </p>
<p> The wood clubs 70 (or woods) are supported on the carrier by four pockets 34 fastened to the bottom panel 64 of the storage compartment 32. Pockets 34 angle downwardly and rearwardly into the space provided by the angled portions 18 and 20 of the frame. The pockets thus positioned are adapted to receive the heads 72 of the woods with the toes thereof pointed downwardly as clearly shown in FIG. 3. The shafts 74 of woods 70 are securely and removably retained on the carrier by a pair of flexible retaining member 76, 76 mounted on the upper portion of the frame by means of a pivotally mounted bracket member 78. A detailed description of the construction and operation of the shaft retaining means is found in US. Pat. 2,985,462 and thus will not be repeated here. As explained in detail in such patent, bracket 78 is adapted for pivotal movement of the frame to facilitate access to storage compartment 32. </p>
<p> The above-described wood mounting arrangement provides several important advantages. With the wood heads tucked under the container 14, the frame portions 18 and 20 provide a protective bumper to prevent denting and scratching of the wood club heads, The heads of the woods (and the irons) are positioned below the level of the center points of wheels 24 as represented by line 80. This arrangement provides a low center of gravity for improved stability both when the carrier is at rest (as the drawings) as well as when it is being pulled along the ground in use. Another feature which contributes to the carriers improved stability is the relationship of wheels 24 to the frame 10 and container 14. By mounting the wheels on the offset portions 20, 20 of the frame, the wheels can be positioned further to the rear of container 14 and the main side members 17, 17 of the frame without unduly lengthening the struts 26. This improved relationship can be appreciated by noting that a vertical line 82 through the center of the wheels will pass to the rear of all portions of the frame 10 as shown in FIG. 1. Another advantage is that with the heads 72 of woods 70 tucked under the container 14 the overall width of the carrier (with the wheels folded as described in Pat. No. 2,- </p>
<p> 4 985,462) will be only slightly greater than the width of container 14 itself to thus provide a more compact profile for ease of storage. Furthermore, the golf woods can be inserted into and removed from the pockets 34 with greater case than was the case with previous designs. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p>1. A golf club carrier comprising: </p>
<p>a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration; </p>
<p>a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof; </p>
<p>a golf club container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf irons therein; and </p>
<p>a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion of said container, said wood pockets extending downwardly and rearwardly beneath said container, said pockets adapted to receive the head of a golf wood with the toe of the head pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect to the container; </p>
<p>said frame member further characterized by having an offset portion at the lower end thereof with said golf pockets extending downwardly and rearwardly into the space formed by said offset portion of said frame, said offset portion comprised of a pair of rearwardly and downwardly extending tubular portions and a pair of forwardly and downwardly extending tubular portions. </p>
<p> 2. A golf club carrier according to claim 1 in which said wheel assemblies are comprised of a strut member and a Wheel rotatably mounted thereon, said struts mounted on said forwardly and downwardly extending portions of said frame. </p>
<p>3. A golf club carrier comprising: </p>
<p>a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having an offset portion at the lower end thereof; </p>
<p>a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof; </p>
<p>a golf club carrier mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf irons in the rear portion of the container, said container further characterized by a storage compartment located in the front portion thereof, said storage compartment having a bottom panel positioned adjacent to and overlapping the offset portion of the frame; </p>
<p>a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion of the storage compartment, said wood pockets extending downwardly and rearwardly beneath the bottom panel and offset portion of the frame of said storage compartment, said pockets adapted to receive the head of a golf wood with the toe thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect to the golf club container. </p>
<p> 4. A golf club carrier according to claim 3 in which said wheel assemblies are comprised of a strut member and a wheel rotatably mounted thereon, said struts mounted on said offset portion of said frame. </p>
<p>5. A golf club carrier comprising: </p>
<p>a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having an offset portion at the lower end thereof; </p>
<p>a pair of Wheels mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof so that when said carrier is in its at rest position said frame will angle upwardly and rearwardly with respect to the ground; </p>
<p>a golf club container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf irons therein with the heads of said irons positioned in the bottom of said compartment; and </p>
<p>a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion of said container, said wood pockets overlapping said offset portion of said frame and extending downwardly and rearwardly into the space formed by the offset portion of said frame, said pockets adapted to receive the head of a golf wood with the toe of the head pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect to the container. </p>
<p> 6. A golf club container according to claim 5 in which the heads of the golf woods and irons are positioned below the level of the center points of the wheels when said carrier is in its at rest position. </p>
<p> 7. A golf club container according to claim 6 in which the relationship between said wheels and said frame is such that a vertical line through the center of said wheels will pass to the rear of all portions of said frame when said carrier is in its at rest position. </p>
<p> 8. A golf club container according to claim 5 in which golf club container includes a storage compartment in the front portion thereof having a bottom panel to which said wood pockets are fastened. </p>
<p> 9. A golf club carrier according to claim 5 in which said offset portion of said frame is comprised of a pair of rearwardly and downwardly extending tubular portions and a pair of forwardly and downwardly extending tubular portions connected by a horizontal portion which makes contact with the ground when said carrier is in its at rest position. </p>
<p> 10. A golf club carrier according to claim 9 in which each of said wheels are rotatably mounted on a strut memher, said strut members mounted on said forwardly and downwardly extending portions of said frame. </p>
<p>11. A golf club carrier comprising: </p>
<p>a frame member having a pair of wheel assemblies mounted thereon and positioned rearwardly thereof; </p>
<p>a golf iron container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereof, said container adapted for receiving golf irons therein with the heads of said irons positioned in the bottom of said container and with the shafts of said irons extending upwardly out of said container rearwardly of said frame member; </p>
<p>a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted underneath the lower front portion of said container, said wood pockets extending downwardly and rearwardly to receive the heads of golf Woods with the toes thereof pointed rearwardly and beneath the heads of the irons in said golf iron container and with the shafts of the woods extending upwardly adjacent said frame member forwardly thereof; and </p>
<p>a golf wood shaft retaining means mounted on the upper front portion of said frame member for removably retaining the shafts of the golf woods when the heads thereof are positioned in said golf wood pockets. </p>
<p>References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,480,597 8/ 1949 Nelson. </p>
<p>2,551,009 5/1951 Kaltenbach. 2,754,130 7/1956 Procter. </p>
<p>2,858,140 10/1958 Stamp. </p>
<p>2,985,462 5/ 1961 Stamp. </p>
<p>LEO FRIAGLIA, Primary Examiner J. A. PEKAR, Assistant Examiner </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1851276-A
|
US-46051930-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23829032
| 1932-03-29
| 1930-06-11
| 1932-03-29
|
72/70.
|
B21D41/02
|
B21D41/02
|
GORDON JOHN W
|
Tube cutting and flaring machine
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> March 1932. J. w RDO TUBE CUTTING AND FLARING MACHINE Filed June 11, 1930 rllll illlilllll- /NVENTO/?. /OHN W GORDON. </p>
<p>March 29, 1932. J. w. GORDON, </p>
<p>TUBE; CUTT ING AND FLARING MACHINE Filed June 11, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /N VE N TOR. JOHN W GORDON. </p>
<p>ATTORNEY. </p>
<p>Y 'J o HNtw. GORDON, or. DAYTON, </p>
<p>' g drelin elevation; Fig. 41: isa I '30 end of; the mandrel toshow the trimming cutl beea lled mean end, v </p>
<p> ing portion or standard '12 provided nearrits Patented Mar. '29, 1932 a oHmQAssIeNoR' 1 THE GORDON-DUNNAM 'TURINGMGQMPANY; or DAYTON; 01110, n conrone'rlon or"onto, </p>
<p>f from 0mm AND r Rnve MACHINE I Application filed June 11, </p>
<p>' "This invention relates to a tube'cutting and flaring machine, and one object of the inven tionis' to'providea simple efiicient machine to cut or trim the ends of tubes and to flare thesame. j a </p>
<p>' AQfurther object of the invention is to pro-j vide such a machine having cutting and flari ing instrumentalltles arranged to act successively upon a tube and of suchajcharacter s thatthe machine may be easily and operatedfto complete the operation. V </p>
<p>' A furtherobjectof the'invention' is to pro-' vide such a machine withva flaring device which will impart to the end of the tube a I smooth uniform flare freefrom burrs or rough Afurther' object of the invention is to -pro-' vide such a machine with a cutter which will I sever atube of'thin-flexiblemetal such as COP-1 0 pervwithoutcrushing'thesame. v 1 </p>
<p>Other objects of the invention will appeari i k y as the mechanism; is described indetail. </p>
<p> fIn the accompanying drawings F igyl'is a top plan View of a machine 'embodying my invention; Fig.2'i's a rear end elevation, part9 lyfin section; Fig. 3 visasectional detail'view of the mandrel supportin member, taken on: 'thelin'e3 3 of Fig;1' and showing the mandetail'view of one ter ;'and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the flared end ofthe tube. V p s l In these drawings; '1 have illustrated one mbodiment ofmy' invention, but'it will be i 'understoodthat this particular embodiment has been chosen for the purposes 'ofillus'trae tion only and that the invention may take I various form without" departingfrom' they 7' spirit-oftheinvention! r Inthatembodiment her illustrated the 1113- chineicornprises a supporting structure or base 10 whichjas heretshowmjis mounted upon legs 11. f Tliis basehas at one end, which mayv an upwardly extendupper end with means forisupporting the tube-which s ing member 1 ing member 13, </p>
<p>." engage-rand? flare the end .vided. with ap rotation and; extends lengthwiseiof the. tubej The-glu'g is located V I to'be cut andflared: Prefer-f ably-thetubsupporting means: is in the m Qturefof'aclamp and as here shown a clampl 3 isyhinged to th e 'upper endof 1939, serial No. 146 0,519. Q </p>
<p>the clamping memberand standard are re; 'cessed to receive the tube. In the'preSentinj stance, a two-part bushing '14 has its parts mounted respectively inthe upper'end of the standard and the clamping member, and the two parts of this bushing are provided with alined recesses 'to'rece'ive the tube. Q The bu'shing being readily" removable itis' obvious that substitutingone bushing for another, va- </p>
<p>the clamping device. The clamping member the standard 12 and the adjacent surfaces of v 6'0" rloussi'z'es of tubes maybe supported within" may be secured inits closed positloninf any suitable manner but, as here shown, a link 15 l is pivotally connected with the "standard, 12 </p>
<p>and hasat its upper end a cam or eecentriclfi 1 arranged to engage over lugs 17 on the clampthe c am being an operating-handle 18'. 1 f Y Mounted, upon the supporting structure or ase "10 is a frame which is movable trans provide'dwith versely to a tube mounted in the tubesup port or clamp. This frame carries a rota-r7 cutter and a: mandrel so movement of the frame will bring these two arranged that flit-1 j 4 devices successively into operative relation tothe;tube.".Themandrel is mounted fora bothirotator movement and for ment and afterthe end offthe tube has been" severedthe mandrel ismoved into Iinethere-J with and-forced inwardly, While rotating; to p of the tubeQYThe: frame may take various forms and may; be mounted in any suitable mannerl present mechanism the ,base10has upwardly: extending' brackets or lugs 19 and 20' pro ertures in which is mounted @a shaft 21, which "is preferably. fixed against; </p>
<p>on the tube support; in line with 'butspace V d inwardly from' the standard 12. The 'fr portedion the shaftf2lgi'the framefmember23" In'thei '8 being: lo,cated between the l'ug Q O andiithe standard 12.; Each? frame memberi ispro' vided in the upper portion thereof and near its, l'ateral'edges with bearings 24 and 25; the </p>
<p>axial moveola amecomprises ta mar-" member 22' and a front member 23 rigidly fconnected one tothe other andpivotallyfsup- 1 5} 7 corresponding. bearings in the two {frame; 00 </p>
<p>members being arranged in alinement. In the present construction the frame members are cut away between the two bearings so that in efiect the bearings of each frame member are carried by diverging arms. Itotatably mounted in the alined bearings 24 of the twoframe members is a shaft 26 one end of which projects beyond the front frame member 24 and has rigidly secured thereto a cutter 27, which is preferably in the nature. </p>
<p>of a rotatable disk. This cutter is. so arranged with relation the frame is moved transversely to the standard the cutter will clear the adjacent end of the boss 14 form-' ing art of the tube support, and if there is a tu supported in and projecting beyond said boss the end of the tube will be engaged by the cutter and severed. The cutter is rotatedat a very high-speed and will sever 28 which is held against the end of a softmetaltube without crushing or distorting the same. Rotatably mounted in the bearings 25 of the two frame members is a tubular member axial movement by collars 29 secured thereto and abutting against the respective bearings. Slidably mounted within the tubular member 28 is a mandrel 30 which isso connected with the tubularmember that it will rotate therewith. In the arrangement here shown a pin 31 extends through the mandrel and has its ends projecting into slots 32 formed in the tubular member. A spring. 33 retains the mandrel normally in its retracted position. As here shown, the rear portion ofthe bore of the tubular member is enlarged. as shown at 34, to receive the spring 33. A collar 35 secured to the mandrel adjacent to the pin 31 Y fits within the enlarged portion ofthe tubular member and maintains the mandrel in axial alinement with the tubular member. The spring 33 is confined between the collar I 35 and the shoulder at the forward end of-the ward end of the mandrel, 50 </p>
<p>1 enlarged portion of the bore. The mandrel is provided near its forward end with a ta ed portion 36 to engage the end of the tu e and flare the same. Preferably the forin advance of the is of reduced diameter, is adapted to enter the center the mandrel with forward end of this retapered portion 36, as shown at 37,: and tube and accurately relation thereto, the </p>
<p>duced portion being rounded, as shown at 38, </p>
<p>to facilitate its entrance intov the tube. When themandrel has been moved intoline with the tube, and while the tubular member and mandrel are rotating, ated to causethe tapered portion thereof to engage the end of the tube and thus flare the-same outwardly. Y The tapered portion of the mandrel may directly engage the end I of the tube, ifdesired, but I find that a more satisfactory operation is had if the tapered p0 'on of-thetube is provided with two orv to the frame and the standard 12 that when the mandrel is actu more rollers 39 which engage the tube and roll the end thereof outwardly. </p>
<p> The operation of the cutter sometimes leaves a burr or rough edge on the end of the tube and the mandrel is provided with means for removing this burr and leaving the flared end of the tube with a smooth clean edge. </p>
<p>For this purpose I have secured to the man'- drel a stationary cutter 40 which overlaps the tapered portion. to engage the outer edge of the .fiared end of the tube and shave off any burr or roughness which may be on this edge. The reduced portion 37 of the mandrel is slotted, as shown at 41, and a blade or cutter 42 is pivotally mounted within the slot and the rear end thereof is forced .outwardl by a spring43; When the end of the man el is inserted in the tube the blade 42 will be forced inwardly but the action of the sprin will press the same against the inner surface ofth'e'tube and asthe mandrel is revolving at a relatively high speed this blade will remove any burr or roughness on the inner end of the tube before the latter comes in contact with the tapered portion of the mandrel. Longitudi nal movement may be imparted to the man'- drel in any suitab e manner but, in the present instance, an operating handle or lever 44. </p>
<p>is pivotally mounted at one end on. afixe support 45 carried by the pivoted frame and is connected by a link 46 with the rear end of the mandrel, the pivotal connections preferably of the ball and socket type. The </p>
<p>frame may be swung from one position to the other in any desired manner but preferably is provided withahandle 60 for this purpose. </p>
<p> The cutter 27 and the-mandrel are driven from the motor andthis motor is preferably carried by the swinging frame. purpose the frame member 22 has a down.- wardly extending portion 47 provided at its lower end with a base 48 on which is mounted a motor 49, the shaft 50 of which has secured thereto. a grooved pulley .51. Grooved pulleys 52 and 53 are securedrespectively to the cutter shaft 26 and to the tubular member-28 which carries the mandrel. Abelt 54 extends about the pulleys 51, 52 and 53.v In the arrangement here shown that portion of the. </p>
<p>beltbetween the pulleys 52and 53 is looped downwardl toward the motor and passed about an id e pulley 55 on the shaft-21, thus causing larger portions of the belt to operatively engage the two driven pulleys than would be the case if the belt extended straight across the space between the driven ulleys. </p>
<p> In the operationof the mechanism he tube is first mountedin the tube support and the frame is then swung to the left, in Fig. 2, to causethe cutter to sever the end of the tube. After the end of the tube trimmed the frame is swung in the opposite direction to bring the mandrel into alinement the mandrel is'then pressed with. the tube and hereof and. is adapted being, </p>
<p>For this has been severed or forwardly the lever 44 and thus caused to engage andflarelthe tube; after which the handle is released and the mandrel is, withe drawnrbyzthe spring The swinging frame is'held normally in an intermediateor inoperative position: by Ineansz of a springpressed plunger 56"m'ounted in the frame I -member, 22: and adapted to enter the recess 57 r frame toimovevsaidcutter andisaid mandrel" 0n the baselO. This s to correctly positionythe mandrel with relation tothe tubeand in the upwardlyextending bracket or lug 19 plunger'is also adapted V retain the same in that position "during tlieflaring. operation. .To </p>
<p> this'end therlug 19 is provided with a second recess "58 to receive the plunger when the 'mandrel is-in alinement with the tube. a </p>
<p>, The </p>
<p>plunger maybe voperated in any desired manner, but it is here shown as provided with, a </p>
<p>head 59hbytracted'against the'action of its spring, </p>
<p>fWhi le I haveishown and described one embodiment of my invention I wish it tobeun derstood'that I do not desire to be limited to the details thereof as various modifications may occur to a person skilled'injthe' art. </p>
<p> Having'now fully described my invention', </p>
<p> whatI claim as new anddesire' to secure by Letters Patent is 1 1. Ina tube cutting and flaring machine,j </p>
<p>a support for the tube, a rotatable cutter mounted-for bodily movement into engage-- ment with a tube on said support, a mandrel mountedfor both 'rotaryand axialmovement M Jand havinga part to 'engage and flare said tube, means for, moving said mandrel into I alinementwith said tube andimp'arting axial movement I thereto, and means i for rotating said cutter :and'said mandrel; s V </p>
<p>2. Inlatube cutting and flaring machine,- </p>
<p>a support for the tube, a frame mounted for movement transversely to the tube on said support, a cutter rotatably mounted on said 1 frame, a mandrel mountedonisaidlframe for 1 fbothrro'tary and'a xial movementwithrela tion thereto and havinga part to engagerand flare said-tube, means for actuating-said successively into .operativelrelation to said tube and. for imparting .zaxial movement to said mandrel, andwmeans for rotating said cutter andsaidmandrel. Y 3.'In a tube cuttingand flaring machine, a'support for} the tube, a framemounted for; V p Y movement transversely to the tubeon said was support, 7 a cutter rotatablyymount'ed on said frame, aamandrelmounted onl said frame for "both rotary .and axial; movement with relation thereto and having apart to'engage V and flare said tube, ,ineans for actuating said 30" I successivelyfintoframe to move saidcutter and saidniandrel' ;j operative; relation to ;said tube and for imparting axial movementto, said mandrel, and meansqcarried by said frame for rotating, 1: said cutter and, said mandrel; g r </p>
<p>meansof'which it"may be re-v i In a tube'ri cutting andxflaring machine, </p>
<p> a support for the tube, a framemountedfor movement" transversely to the tube on said a 'supp'ort,.a v'cutter'rotatably mounted on said "7' frame, a tubular member rotatably mounted on saidiframepa mandrel mounted in said tubular. member for rotationtherewith and 1 p for" axial movement lwithr elation thereto and having part of said tube, means for imparting axial move-- ment to said mandrel, and means for rotat ing'said tubular member and'said cutters c In a tube cutting and flaring machine, </p>
<p>asupport forthetube, a frame mounted'for frame for movement therewith and driving connections between said motor and said shaft and "said-tubulargniember.-' 6. In a tube cutting and a supportfor thetube, I mounted for movement about an axis extendi'n'gs lengthwise of. the tube on. said support, </p>
<p> lacutter carried byrsaid shaft," a 'tu-n member rotatably mounted-on said .1 </p>
<p>a mandrel mounted in said tubular 'axialmovement, to said mandrel, a motormounted on said flaring machine, a frame pivotally aic'utter rotatably mounted onsaid frame, a Q </p>
<p>mandrel arotatably and slidably, mounted on said frame, spaced fromsa'idcutterand having a part to engageand -flare the end of saidv ment to said.mandrehandmeans renown, </p>
<p>in said cutter-andsaid mandrel. </p>
<p>' tube, means for imparting longitudinalmoveg 7. 1m a-tube cuttingand flaring machine, </p>
<p>a Supporting structure having. apart forming a support for atube, aframe'pivotally mountspaoed bearings arranged normally on the opposite sides of saidtube support; a shaft journaled' in, one rof said bearings, a cutter rigidlysecured to said shaft and arranged togbe moved into engagement with a tubeiin ed on said supporting structure and having loo its </p>
<p>said; support 'fwhenfsaidframe is moved in one direction, a mandrel supporting device" rotatably mounted in the other bearing of said frame, a mandrel 'mountedinsaid movement with relation thereto, said mandrel being: so arranged that it willjbevbrought into line with: said tube -When said frame is movedinthe'other direction, means for; g movement to said mandrel, and meansifor rotating said shaft imparting longitudinal and said mandrel supporting device; </p>
<p>a supportingstructurehaving a part forming ed on said support r device for rotation therewith and Y for longitudinal a support for a tubeya frame pivotally-mouht 8.-In' a tube cutting w'and fla'ring machinei V ing structure and having v I spaced bearings: arranged; normally .onthe: </p>
<p>I opposite sides of said tube s upport, ajsha' ft" 3 a 5 one direction, </p>
<p>' mandrel being so ing device rotatably tatably mounted bekaw the, axis thereof, a motor supported on said part, and driving connections between SRidrIDOtOl and said shaft and said mandrel supporting device. </p>
<p>9. In a tube cutting and flaring machine, </p>
<p>a a supporting structure having a part forming a support for a tube, a frame pivotally mounted on said supportingstructure and having spaced bearings arran ed. normally onthe opposite sides of said tu support, a </p>
<p> shaft journaled in one of said bearings, a </p>
<p>cutter rigidly secured to said shaft and arranged to bemoved intowengagement with the tube? in said support; when said frame is moved in one direction, amandrel supportmounted" in the other bearing of said frame, a mandrel mounted in said device for rotation therewith and for longitudinal movementwith relation there-. to, said mandrel being so arranged that it in will be brought into line with said tube when said frame is moved in the other direction, means for imparting longitudinalmovement to said mandrel, and means for rotating said shaft; and said mandrel supporting device, </p>
<p> and a locking device to retain said frame in a position to which it has been moved. </p>
<p>10. In a machine of the character de a frame mountseribed, a-support for a tube, </p>
<p>to a tube on ed for movement transversely Ag said'support, a mandrel mounted on said frame for both rotary and axial movement with relationthereto, said mandrel having a tapered part to enter the end of said tube, </p>
<p>rollers mounted in said tapered part Qfsaid m mandrel to engage said tube and flare the same, and means forrotating said mandrel and for imparting axial movement thereto. </p>
<p> 11. In a machine of the character described, a frame, a supporting member roon said frame, a mandrel mounted in said supporting member for rotation therewith and for lengthwise movement with relation thereto, said mandrel having apart to engage and flare the end y of a tube, means for rotatingsaid supporting. </p>
<p>'member, and means for imparting lengthwise movement tosaid mandrel. </p>
<p> 12. In a-machine of. the character described, 21, frame a supporting member rotatahly: mounted on said frame, </p>
<p>a mandrel mounted in said supporting member for retation therewith and for lengthwise movement with relation thereto, said mandrel haw ing a. partto engage andfiare the end of a tube, means for rotating said sup ber, manually actuated means or impartin lengthwise movement to said mandrel, and yieldable means to return said mandrel to its initial position. </p>
<p>' 13. In a machine of the character described, 21. frame, a tubular member rotatably mounted. on said frameand having means wherebyit may be rotated, a mandrel mounted in s'aidtubular member for rotation therewith and for axial movement with relation thereto, said mandrel having a part to enter the end of, a tube and flare the same, a sprin to hold said mandrel normally in a retracte position, and means for moving said mandrel against the action of said spring while aid mandrel rotates with said tubular memr. I 14. In a machine of the character described, a frame, a supporting member rotatably mounted on said frame, a mandrel mounted in said supporting member for rotation therewith and for lengthwise movement with relation thereto, having a part to engage and flare the end of a tube, means for rotating said supporting member, means for imparting lengthwise movement to said mandrel, and means carried by said mandrel for trimming the edge of the end of the-tube. </p>
<p> '15. In a machine of the character described, a support for a tube, a frame mounted for movement transverse to a tube on said support, a mandrel mounted on said frame for both axial and rotating movement and having a part to engage and flare the end of said tube, and means for rotating said mandrel and for imparting axial movement thereto; </p>
<p> 16. In a i machine of the character described, asupport for a tube, a frame mountortingmema said mandrel ed for movement transverse to a tube on said I support, a mandrel mounted on said frame for both axial and rotating movement and having a part toengage and flare the end of said tube, means for rotating said mandrel, and manually operated means for imparting axial movement tosaidmandrel. </p>
<p> 17'. In a machine of the character described, asupport for a. tube, a frame mounted for movement transverse to a tube on said support, a supporting member rotatably mounted on said frame, a mandrel mounted in said supporting member for rotation therewith and for lengthwise movement with relation thereto, said mandrel having a part to engage and flare the end of atube, means for rotating said supporting member, and means for imparting lengthwise movement to said mandrel. </p>
<p>18. In a machine of the character described, a support for a tube, a support for a mandrel, one of said supports beingmovable transversely to a tube on said support to bring the tube and mandrel into 'ali'nement, a mandrel mounted on said framefor both axial and rotating movement and havinga part to engage and flare'the end of said tube, and means for rotating said'man'drel and for, imparting axial movement thereto. </p>
<p> 19. In a mechanism. of the character d e- I scribed, arotatable supporting structure, a </p>
<p> scribed, a rotatable supporting structure, a mandrel mounted in said structure for rotation therewith and for longitudinal move ment with relation thereto, said mandrel v having a reduced end portion to enter a tube and a tapered portion to flare the end of said tube, and means for rotating-said supporting structure. I 4 </p>
<p>20. In a mechanism of the character demandrel mounted in said structure for rota-' I tion therewith and 'for'longitudinal movev ment with relation thereto, said mandrel having a tapered portion to enter the end of a tube and flare'the same, and means for rotating said'supporting structure, said mandrel also havinga part-extending beyond said supporting structure whereby longitudinal movement maybe imparted to said man- 7 drel while itrotates. </p>
<p> 21. In a mechanism of thecharaoter described, a tube supporting device, a rotatable structure having an axial bore] in line with said tube supporting device',fa mandrel mounted inisaid bore'for longitudinal movement and held'against rotation with relation to said structure, saidmandrel having altapered portion'to enter the end of a tube in said supporting device and flare the same, a g and means for rotating said structure. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature hereto.v V v I J GORDON </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-465319-A
|
US-465319D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2534185
| 1891-12-15
| null | 1891-12-15
|
2/227.
| null |
A41D1/06
| null |
Trousers
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p> E. CLARK. TROUSERS; &c. </p>
<p>No. 465,319. Patented Dec. 15,1891, </p>
<p>WITNESSES. l/VVEIVTOI? I mm Array/15 101 m: NOHRIG PEYERS co, mow-mum, msumumn, c </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>EMERSON CLARK, OF JENNY LIND, ARKANSAS. </p>
<p>TROUSERS, 80C. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,319, dated December 15, 1891. </p>
<p>Application filed May 9, 1891. Serial mseaisz. (No model.) </p>
<p>and useful Improvements in Trousers, of </p>
<p>which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being bad to the accompauying drawings, forming a part hereof. </p>
<p> My invention relates to improvements in trousers, &c.; and it consists in the novel arrangement andcombination of parts, as will be more fullydescribed hereinafter, and designated in the claim. </p>
<p>In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front perspective View of my complete invention, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-section taken on line m x of Fig. 1. I The object of my invention is to construct trousers for the use of laboring men, especially miners, and provide the same adjacent to the fly-piece and crotch with an elastic gore, so that the trousers will not tear or rip from the strain occasioned by the diiferent postures assumed by the wearer in the progress of his work. </p>
<p> It is well known that especially in mining the trousers worn by the miner frequently become ripped in the seat or crotch and ad j acent to the fly-piece, and the object of my invention is to entirely overcome this'evil effect. </p>
<p> Having given these preliminary statements as to the object of my. invention, I will now proceed to describe the same in detail. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates trousers-legs, which are of the ordinary construction. </p>
<p>2 indicates the fly-piecc, and 3 the crotchseam. </p>
<p> The portion of the leg adjacent to the flypiece is cut away, as can be readily perceived in the drawings, and in lieu of said cut-away portion I stitch or secure in any suitable way an elastic gore 4:. One side of said elastic goreis stitched or secured to the fly-piece, and the'other side of the same is likewise secured to the leg and seat of the trousers at the edge of the opening, as shown. Said elastic gore issecured as hereinbefore stated, and extends backward about half-way of the crotch-seam a. By this construction the trousers, or rather that portion thereof adjacent to the fly-piece and the crotch-seam, is free to give, no matter what position the wearer assumes. </p>
<p> Particular emphasis is laid upon the fact that the elastic material extends up parallel with the fly-piece, enabling the wearer to assume many positions with ease and comfort,- </p>
<p>which could not be assumed otherwise. </p>
<p> It will be observed that the upper end of the opening covered by the gore is unilaterally rounded, so as to converge in a point at 5, thus reducing the width of that part of the opening. The purpose of this formation is to limit the degree of elasticity of the elastic material covering the upper end of the open- The gore which I make use of in my invention is preferably made up of a combination of rubber strands and cotton threads, there being a series of parallel rubber strands extending in a direction transverse to the fiy-piece of the garment, and a series of cotton threads which are of smaller size than the rubber strands interwoven with said rubber strands in a direction parallel with said fiy-piece, which permits elasticity of the gore in one direction only; but this is not an essential the opening, the upper end of the piece of elastic material where it covers the reduced portion of the opening serving to limit the degree of.elasticity at that point, substantially as described. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I affizt my signature in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p> EMERSON CLARK. </p>
<p>WVitnesses: </p>
<p>GEO. J. REUTER, O. E. PETTY. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-28078-A
|
US-28078D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2097743
| 1860-05-01
| null | 1860-05-01
|
101/368.
| null |
B41K1/02
| null |
Pebfobatiltg-btrle fob pbesttebs
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>WILLIAM W. HARDING, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. </p>
<p>PERFORATING-RULE FOR PRINTERS. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,078, dated May 1, 1860. </p>
<p>To all whom it 'may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, WILLIAM W. HARD- ING, of the city of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Improvement in Machinery for Perforating or Deeply Indenting Newspapers, Magazines, Pamphlets, &c., so that Their Folds May Easily be Torn; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l shows a view of my arrangement. Fig. 2 shows the bar A A detached, </p>
<p> The nature of my invention consists in providing a bar A A which is of a height a little greater than that of the type, with a series of sharp points of anydesired shape. This bar is then placed in the form, (the teeth projecting a little above the surrounding type), at such va place as it is desired the perforations should be in the paper. Vhen the impression is taken these points. will perforate or deeply indent the paper. </p>
<p> The object of this invention is to perforate a series of holes in the folds of newspapers, pamphlets, books, magazines, etc., whereby they may be easily separated. </p>
<p> Having thus described my improvement what I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- The combination of the bar A Aprovided with a series of teeth, with the form so that when the impression is taken these sharp points will perforate or deeply indent the paper, substantially as herein set forth. </p>
<p>WM. W. HARDING. </p>
<p>Vitnesses: </p>
<p>J. GUNNIGHILD, M. V. B. KENNEY. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1099609-A
|
US-1913797090-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3167811
| 1914-06-09
| 1913-10-24
| 1914-06-09
|
36/38.
| null |
A43B21/30
|
LEWIS ALONZO EDWARD
|
Cushion-heel.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>A. E. LEWIS. </p>
<p>CUSHION HAEBL. </p>
<p>LQQGQ.. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED OUT. l24, 1913. </p>
<p>Patented June 9, 1914. </p>
<p>IAL </p>
<p>HLONZO ED/HRD LEWIS, </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>ALONZO EDWARD LEWIS, 0F ING-ERSGLL, ONTARIO, CANADA.l A </p>
<p>oUsHIoN-HEEL. </p>
<p>To al? whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALONZO EDWARD LEWIS, a subject of the Kingof Great Britain, residing at Ingersoll, in the Province In the accompanying drawingz--Figure- 1 is a central sectional view through the heel portion of a shoe, made according to my invent-ion. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the view shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a cork pad which may be substituted for the spring shown in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Throughout the separate views the same part is designated by the same reference character. Y </p>
<p> Referring more particularly to the drawing, 1 ,designates'the upper of a shoe provided with an inner sole 2 and an outer sole 3. Within the heel portion of the shoe is a thin heel casing 4 which is made the same shape as the heel and covers the lower portion of the upper on the inside and extends downwardly forming a hollow space 5 below the portion of the insole which is adapted to support the heel of the wearer. Forwardly of the space 5, the casing 4 is inserted between the sole and, insole as indi-V cated at 6 and all three members, the sole, </p>
<p>insole and casing are connected together by a rivet'7. </p>
<p> On the outside of the upper 1 is a leather heel cap 8 which extends down below the lower edge ofthe upper and incases the heel casing 4 on the outside, surrounding the space 5. It will be seen that the cap 8 extends across the bottom of the heel and on the outside of the heel and the bottom is a leather pad 9. It will be seen also that the pad 9, cap 8 and bottom portion of the casing 4 are joined together by rivets or other Specication of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented J une 9, 1914. </p>
<p>Application led October 24, 1913. Serial No. 797,090. </p>
<p>means such as pins, the members l4 and 8 als1 being joined together ,by rivets such as Within the space 5 is a spring 12, one end of which is fastened to a met-al plate 13 which is riveted to the bottom of the heel member 4 by means of rivets such as 14. The upper end of the spring 12 is connected to a plate 15 which is similar to the plate 13 and which bears against the under face of the insole 2 where it extends above the space 5. It will be seen that the spring 12 is connected to the plates 13 and 15 by means of integral extensions such as 16 which project from the edges of the plates and which are coiled over so as to embrace the portion of the spring lying adjacent the plates. It should be noted also that the heel cap 8, the upper 1 and the upper edge of the casing 4 are fastened together by means of rivets 17. It will be understood also that if desired, additional padding may be placed within the casing 4 to protect the foot of the wearer, but such protection being an obvious matter, itis not shown in the drawing. </p>
<p> Referring 1nore particularly to Fig. 3, I have shown therein a cork pad 18 which may be substituted for the spring 12 in the form shown in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invent-ion, what I claim is .1. A shoe comprising in combination, a hollow heel structure including a steel cas' ing, an insole extended above the base of said heel structure, said casing being ein tended at one end thereof in contact .with </p>
<p>said insole and being riveted thereto, auf;L </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2386066-A
|
US-50825143-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
27411819
| 1945-10-02
| 1943-10-29
| 1945-10-02
|
427/365.
|
H04N11/00
|
H04N11/00
|
SCHLABACH RAYMOND M
|
Glass cleaner
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Patented Oct. 2, 1945 GLASS CLEANER Raymond M. Schlabach, Canton, Ohio No Drawing. Application October 29, 1943, </p>
<p>Serial No. 508,251 </p>
<p>8 Claims. (Cl. 25291) The invention relates to a glass cleaner and more particularly to a treated, disposable paper which may be used, preferably dry, for cleaning glass of every description, as in windows, show cases, table tops, mirrors, automobile wind shields and lights, pictures, and the like; and which also may be used for cleaning'and polishing metal surfaces such as silverware, chrome or chrome plated material and the like. </p>
<p> Many different kinds of polishing cloths have been proposed in the prior art, but they all involve a rather complicated chemical treatment of fabric, cloth, chamois, or the like, for preparing the polishing cloth. The resultant cloth is expensive, is difficult if not impossible to clean, and involves a substantial loss if thrown. away when dirty. </p>
<p>Moreover, these chemically prepared prior art polishing cloths are not adapted for cleaning glass because they ordinarily will streak the glass. </p>
<p>Some of the chemically prepared prior art cloths have been used for coating glass with a water repellent film to prevent clouding from rain or condensation; but such use may also result in streaking the glass. </p>
<p>, Other prior art proposals have included treated paper for use as a polishing material buthave been objectionable because they produce a dust in use, or may require water for use. Thus such products are actually not suitable for use in the places where their use would be most. advanta- For instance, show cases in large department stores must be cleaned and polished frequently and if such cleaning and polishing involves the use of water or the production or dropping off of dust or dirt, the cases must be emptied in order to do the cleaning so as to avoid damage or injury to the goods contained therein. If the cases are emptied, there is no advantage in using a prepared cloth or treated paper of the prior art over 'using age-old wet washing, cleaning or polishing methods involving water and soap or Eon-Ami, or the like. </p>
<p> Likewise in the home, there is no advantage, over usual window washing methods, in using a prepared cloth orpaper which must be used wet, </p>
<p>or which dusts oil because either method involves a drying step or a step of cleaning up ofthe dust. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a glass. cleaner made of inexpensive disposable paper that may be thrown away when it becomes dirty, without appreciable loss. </p>
<p>Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper glass cleaner which will not streak glass when, used for cleaning or polishmg. </p>
<p> Also it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper glass cleaner which does not dust off when used for cleaning or polishing glass surfaces and the like. </p>
<p> Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper glass cleaner which may be used dry for cleaning and polishing glass surfaces and thelike. </p>
<p> In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a disposable paper cleaner which may be used for cleaning or polishing smoothly finished or polished surfaces of glass, metal or the like, without wetting and without streaking or dusting off. </p>
<p> It is also an object of the present invention to provide for the manufacture of a disposable paper cleaner incorporating the advantages and having the characteristics enumerated. </p>
<p> Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide a disposable paper cleaner for cleaning and polishing smoothly finished glass or metal surfaces which overcomes the difllculties and disadvantages of prior art materials. </p>
<p> And finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cheap and inexpensive paper cleaner which may be readily used and disposed of for cleaning and polishing glass or metal surfaces without disturbing, damaging. soiling or wetting articles or objects adjacent to the surface being cleaned or polished. </p>
<p> These and other objects and advantages may be obtained, and the prior art difllculties overcome, by the glass cleaner hereinafter described in detail and claimed, and by the method of making the improved glass cleaner hereinafter set forth in detail and claimed. </p>
<p> I have discovered that if porous, or unglazed or uncalendered paper, commonly called "kraft paper, is treated with, a mixture of powdered silica, gh/cerine and water in controlled proportions and dried, the resulting treated paper, preferably in the form of sheets, may be efficiently and satisfac- ,torily used to clean and polish glass and metal tion must be controlled, to achieve the objects of the present invention, to have the approximate proportions of v'75 to 115 cc. of glycerine, and 150 grams of powdered silica per liter of water. The solution is preferably heated to 100 F. to 150 F. when passing the paper through the same; </p>
<p>and the paper is preferably to kraftlution, the heavier is the treated paper. </p>
<p> The proportions of glycerine and powdered silica are critical. The glycerine' has several functions. First, it toughens the paper so that it may be severely abused, crumpled, .and rubbed on the surface being cleaned without tearing, rupturing or wearing away, as compared with the same paper prior to treatment. Second, it makes the paper very soft and pliable so that it may be readily worked and manipulated in the hand in connection with a cleaning operation; in fact, the treated paper feels somewhat rubbery. Third, it carries the powdered silica onto and into the paper and acts as a binder to retain the powdered silica on the paper. Fourth, the glycerine Drevents the silica from dusting off from the paper when used. </p>
<p> The powdered silica is the primary polishing and cleaning agent in the finished treated paper. </p>
<p> I have. discovered that if the amount of glycerine is reduced materially below the lower limit of the stated proportions of 75 cc. to 150 grams of silica per liter of water, the silica is not properlybound or held to the paper and will dust off and the paper will not be sufficiently tough and pliable. </p>
<p> I have also discovered that if the amount of glycerine is increased materially above the upper limit of the stated portions of 115 cc. to 150 grams of silica per liter of water, the treated paper in use will streak glass or other surfaces being cleaned or polished, and may leave a film thereon which is difficult to remove. </p>
<p> A consideration of these factors leads to a possible explanation of the difficulties that have been encountered with the prior art products. All of the previously referred to known prior art products that utilize glycerine either streak glass orprovide the gly'cerine .to form a film for preventing theCOllCtlOllOf fog.or condensation on the glass. 1 i 4 On the other hand, inthe present improved the solution and to prevent precipi-. </p>
<p> Of course. an increase or decrease in the amount of silica in the solution will change the relative amounts of glycerine and silica in the treatment bath; and these relative amounts should not be varied outside the approximate limits stated in the above discussion of the critical relationship of the proportions of glycerine and silica in the solution. </p>
<p> The amount of water in the solution may be varied somewhat so long as the relationship between the proportions of glycerine and silica is maintained. An increase in the amount of water in the solution will result only in decreasing the net weight increase of the dried treated Paper. </p>
<p> As stated, the paper is preferably 15 to 20 pound kraft paper, as. this seems to be the most convenient weight of paper to manipulate in cleaning or polishing a glass or metal surface. As stated the paper must be a porous, unglazed or uncalendered paper, such as kraft paper, in order to readily impregnate it with the glycerine and silica. </p>
<p> The powdered silica should be as fine as possible, but it is unnecessary to have it powdered finer than being ground to 300' to 400 mesh, as silica of this degree of fineness does not scratch smooth or polished glass or metal surfaces when being used to clean or polish the same. </p>
<p> In passing the paper strip or web through the heated agitated solution, the porous, unglazed, kraft paper soaks up the solution and excess solution carried on the surface of the paper is removed by the passage of the paper between rolls, The following air drying operation, preferably performed in a hot air drier, evaporates the water from the other elements of the solution impregnated in and carried by the paper, but does not evaporate the glycerine. </p>
<p> After the paper has been treated and dried, it should be stored in a moisture-free atmosphere so as to prevent absorption of moisture by the glycerine in the paper; because such absorption of moisture may cause the treated paper to streak the article being cleaned. </p>
<p> For these reasons, the treated paper may be cut in sheets of convenient size, say 16" x 20", and a number of sheets enclosed and sealed in a tight package, such as a sealed Cellophane package, so that packages of the cleaner may be carried in stock on the shelves of a merchant without absorbing moisture. </p>
<p> Alternately, instead of treating kraft paper as received in rolls from a paper mill, the paper may be treatedto incorporate the glycerine and powdered silica therein in the approximate proportions stated during the manufacture of paper at a paper mill. </p>
<p> The improved paper cleaner may be used to clean or polish any glass surfaces and the like and also to clean and polish metal surfaces such as silverware, either solid or plated, and polished plated 'trim or ornamentation metal, or other paper glass cleaner, the. use ofglycerine within the limits of the critical proportions stated, does not streak glass and does not form a f lm on". </p>
<p>' the surface being cleaned or polished; but the 1 glycerine performs the binding, toughening,- </p>
<p>softening and silica-retaining functions. </p>
<p>Likewise, in the prior art products that use silica, the silica dusts off so as to result in an accumulation of powdered silica at places adjacent to the surface being cleaned or polished, which accumulation must in turn be cleaned away. </p>
<p>"metal, articles. </p>
<p>When used, a sheet of treated paper may be crumpledin the hand and wiper or rubbed over thesur'fafce to becleaned, in the usual manner, or a layer of the paper may be pressedwith the thumb or finger 0n the surface being cleaned and rubbed or wiped to and fro across the surface. The treated paper is and can be used dry. However, automobile Windshields sometimes become heavily covered with the remains of bugs, and in this particular situation, the windshield may be cleaned more quickly by first wetting a paper and rubbing the windshield and then rubbing and cleaning the windshield with another dry crumpled ball of the treated paper. </p>
<p> Accordingly, the present invention provides a dry paper glass cleaner which can be used to clean and polish smooth or polished surfaces, such as metal and glass surfaces, without dusting off. </p>
<p> The finished dry paper glass cleaner product carries or is impregnated with glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of to by weight of the untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. The approximate ratio of glycerine and silica carried by or impregnated in the paper as stated, results from the treatment of the paper in the solution described above folfollowed by drying. </p>
<p> Moreover, the agitation of the solution while treating the paper therewith, and the rolling of the treated paper as it leaves the treatment bath uniformly distributes the glycerine and silica and uniformly spreads and impregnates the same on and in the paper so as to form a non-dusting, nonstreaking product when dried. </p>
<p> Having described the invention, and the improved glass cleaner product thereof, together with the improvements in manufacturing the glass cleaner product, the use of the same, the disadvantages overcome and the new results obtained; the new and useful products and methods, and reasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious to those skilled in the art, are set forth in the appended claims. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including the steps of treating kraft paweight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. </p>
<p> 4. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including the steps of treating kraft paper with an aqueous solution containing 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, and then hot air drying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approxlmate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. </p>
<p> 5. The method of making a non-dusting, nonstreaking paper glass cleaner impregnated with from 15% to 20% by weight of a mixture of glycerine and silica in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight, which includes the steps of treating kraft paper with an aqueous solution containing from '75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, agitating the solution while treating the paper therewith and rolling the treated paper to uniformly impregnate the paper with the glycerine cleaner and the like consisting of a dry product per with an aqueous solution containing from 75 I to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, and then drying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. </p>
<p> 2. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including the steps of treating porous, unglazed, kraft paper in a hot aqueous solution containing from '75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, and then drying the paper to evaporate the water and form r 8. treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. </p>
<p> 3. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including the steps of treating kraft paper with a hot aqueous solution containing from 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, then rolling the paper, and then drying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silice. in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by and silica," and then drying the paper. </p>
<p>6. A non-dusting, non-streaking paper glass formed of porous, unglazed'kraft paper treated to increase its weight approximately 15% to 20% with glycerine and 300 to 400 mesh powdered silica in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight. </p>
<p> 7. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like including the steps of treating porous, unglazed, kraft paper in a hot aqueous solution containing from to v cc. glycerine and gms. powdered silica per liter of water, agitating'the solution while treating thezpa per therewith, then rolling the paper, and then hot air drying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts:, by weight of glycerine and silica. </p>
<p> 8. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like including the steps of treating porous, unglazed 15 to 20 pound kraft paper in a hot aqueous solution containing from 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. of 300 to 400 mesh powdered silica per liter of water maintained at a temperature of from 100 to 150 F. agitating the solution while treating the paper therewith, then rolling the paper, and then hot air drying-the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. 1 A RAYMOND M. SCHLABACH. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-43138-A
|
US-43138D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2112704
| 1864-06-14
| null | 1864-06-14
|
192/75.
| null |
F16D13/18
| null |
Improvement in friction clutches or pulleys
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>' Shelburne Falls, in </p>
<p>and State 'of Massachusetts, have invented friction-ring, </p>
<p> ings. </p>
<p>'overhangs said arms. </p>
<p>. the collar F are two wedgeshaped pie UNITED .STATES PATENT @erica S. SHEPARDSON, 0F SIIELBURNE FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS. </p>
<p>Specifica-tion forniing parts of Letters Patent No. 43, [38, dated June 14, 1864. </p>
<p>To all u-hom it may concern Beit known that I, H. S. SnErARDsoN, of the county of Franklincertain new and useful improvements in Fric-` tion Clutches or Pulleys; and I do hereby declare that the following is a i'ull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a parl; oi' this specieatiomin which- Figure 1 represents a side view ot the pulley or clutch, and Fig. 2 represents a section through the same in the direction of the line ofthe shaft on which it is to beplaced. f </p>
<p> Similar letters, where they occur, denote like parts in both ofthe figures. </p>
<p>' My invention consists, first, in the 'combi nation ot' the wedges on the sliding collar with the radial arms on the hub ot' the clutch ring for forcing out said clutch or friction ring against the inner perimeter of the pulley; and, secondly, it consists in the. manner ot' connecting the radial arms tothe segmental so as to more directly apply the force of said armste the expanding of said segments. i </p>
<p> To enable-others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I'will proceed to 'describe the same with reference to the draw The hub a of `the expansive or friction ring A is fitted to the'sh'aft B by a feather, b, aud suitableslot, so that both shall turn together. The -hu'b c of the pulley C isv-fitt`ediipon and over thehub a, so as to turn independent oi'said hub a when unclutched froln its ring A. A collar, '1),' with a setserew, r1, or otherwise, holds the pulley and its hub c in position at one end and the hub a of the frictionfring at the other end. The arms E of the pulley areV at or near the center of. the face or perimeterV of said pulley, sothat the rim ot' the pulley oves endwise on -the grooved ate for the shipper to rlfhis collar, b v means of a feather, g, can turn with the Ashaft and be the shaft at the' same time. VUpon ces, h h, openings, i1', </p>
<p> F is a collar that 1n shaft B, and is work in. </p>
<p>f, and slot slid along which work in two mortises or near the hub a ofthe'expansive ring A. When ese openings, s or arms a n, which have them, to which one end of pair `ot` toggle-arms o o is hinged, the </p>
<p>nds ot' said levers being hinged or pivk the wedgesare forced into th they pass under pin cross-'heads m upon of the other e under the rim of the pulley, </p>
<p> make this clamping and u -the friction bet the pair working upon diii'erent segments, </p>
<p>of the levers o and thus the slightest motion clamps or releases the segments from the drum of thepulley, as the case may be. When the wedges h h are forced in to the position shown in red lines in Fig. 2, the segments are'tightly clamped against the pnl-ley, so that all shall rnn .with the shaft, shown in black lines in Fig. 2, then the pulley is unclutched and can run independent et' the shaft and friction clutch, 4or stop, while they continue to run. </p>
<p> vThe segmental-frictionring A isentirely and only moves radiallyand not along the shaft, and thus is out of the wayand makes mechanism.A Each segu-lent has one arm, Gr, cast or wrought .on it to hold it in place and prevent the `segments from moving toward the center, and thus fthe lninutest expansion ofthe ends or split portions ofthe segments immediately clamps itself to-the pulley,.er unclamps it, `as the case may be 5 and to nclamping at all times perfect a nut, s, on the screw u may be adjusted so as to make it very sensitive and reliable, and instantaneous in its action, said screw u being made on a portion of the arm n, against which the wedges l1. work. To cause the wedges h li to morefreely move the arms n a, I propose to place small -frictionof said arms,vto reduce Ween the two parts, withoutl rolls upon the ends impairing the radialgforce uponfthe arms by Having thus fully described my invention, what claim therein as new, and Vdesire to secure by Letters Patent, isi 1. The combination of Athe wedges li on the sliding collar F with thel radial arms n, connected with the expansive or friction ring A, substantially 'as 'an friction-segments by toggle'levers o o, which straddle the -cuts in said ring, as and for the purpose described. </p>
<p> n. s. sHnPAnDsON. Witnesses: </p>
<p>' inn. PRATT, </p>
<p>NELsoN SPa/teun. </p>
<p>Vand `when in the position a. neat piece of" d for the purpose described. 2. Counecting the .radial arms u to the </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1403221-A
|
US-1241015-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
26683525
| 1922-01-10
| 1915-03-05
| 1922-01-10
|
112/475.18
|
D05C7/04
|
D05C7/04
|
ALFRED RIETZSCH
|
Method of boring embroidery fabric
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>R. ZAHN, DEC'D. </p>
<p>A. RIETZSCH. ADMINISTRATOR. </p>
<p>METHOD OF BORING EMBROIDERY FABRIC. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED MAR. 55. 1915. </p>
<p>ROBERT ZAI-IN', DECEASED, BY ALFRED RIETZSCH, ADIEINISTEATOR, PLAUEJ\T, VOG'ILAND, GERIEAETY, ASSIGNOB TO ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN. </p>
<p>METHOD OF BOREIIG EMBROEDEPUY FABRIC. </p>
<p>inoaeei. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters 'iatent. </p>
<p>Patented Jan. 1%, 1922. </p>
<p>Original application filed July 9, 1912, Serial No. 708,496. Divided and this application filed March 5, </p>
<p>(GRANTED UNDER THE PRUVISI-JNS OF THE 5.8T MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. In, 1313.) </p>
<p>To aZZ whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, ALFRED Rinrzsorr, a subject of the German Emperor and resident of Plauen, in Vogtland, Saxony, Germany, am administrator of the estate of Ronnnr ZAHN, deceased, and that said ROBERT ZAHN has invented new and useful Improvements in a Method of Boring Embroidery Fabric, (for which he has filed an application in Germany, February 6, 1912,) of which the annexed is a specification. </p>
<p> The present application is a division of original application Serial No. 708,496, filed July 9, 1912, which has matured into Patent Number 1,162,009 and dated Nov. 30, 1915. </p>
<p> As is well known, the fabric on which the embroidery is produced, is stretched taut in its frame by hooking the vertical edges thereof to the frame and fastening its horizontal edges to the fabric rollers. All efforts notwithstanding, it has been found impossible to wind the fabric around the rollers absolutely uniformly and without folds. Therefore the tension at the different points of the fabric surface is not uniform and will Vary more with larger fabric surfaces. The unevenness of the tension reaches the highest degree with fabrics of the enormously large embroidering machines as now in use. </p>
<p> However, the unevenness of the tension, due to non-uniform. stretching, in itself, after all would not be of Very great importance and would not materially affect the embroidery, if at least this unevenness would remain constant during the entire embroidering process. But this is not the case. Leaving aside the fact that during lengthy periods of interruption of the work, as during dinner time and night time, owing to changes of air humidity and temperature, a distortion, often to a considerable extent of the fabric, takes place; during the embroidering work, too, a distortion is caused, that is to say, different points of the embroidery are caused to change their position relative to the needles. And that the displacement of the fabric surface is not uniform at all parts, but is smaller here and larger there, to the left at one place and to the right at another, is due to the non-uniform tension of the fabric. It is evident, that, owing to the above named circumstances, the embroidery design not only is greatly affected in its appearance, but also is frequently damaged and even rendered entirely useless. This particularly happens when distortion of the embroidery takes place at the time when the borers are set into operation. For then the sharp edges of the borers sever the adjoining already finished parts of the embroidery design. </p>
<p> Moreover, the borers in themselves give rise to distortion of the fabric. When the borers, of which in some machines there are about a thousand, simultaneously pierce the fabric, their sharp edges cut the'fibres of the fabric, and it is evident that owing to the elasticity of the fibres, the tension of the fibres of the entire fabric surface is immediately changed. But the embroidering process itself, too, particularly during the formation of so called flat stitches, gives rise to distortion of the fabric, in that the design of the work is contracted and consequently the tension of the fabric increased. There is only that difference between the distortion caused during the embroidering process and the boring process, that during the latter the fibres are severed and the tension of the fabric is lessened instead of increased as during the former. As the lessened tension of the bored parts is not regularly compensated by the increased tension of the parts formed by the flat stitches, another cause for a variance in tension of the entire fabric is created. </p>
<p> The object of this invention is to provide a method of preventing, as much as possible, the tension arising during the embroidering process from affecting the embroidery design. </p>
<p> My new method consists in that th embroidering needles, which, as well known, are arranged in close vicinity of the borers, are caused, during the boring operation, to enter the fabric with their points only and not quite to their eyes and to be withdrawn simultaneously with the borers immediately preceding the moment when the fabric frame is to be displaced for the formation of the next series of boreholes. Thus the fabric surface becomes so to say temporarily reinforced by the needles at all those points where the borers could damage the same. As the needle points engage not only the fabric but also the stitch holes of the rigid stitch plates, it is clear, that even a very strong lateral force could not bring about a displacement of any part of the embroidery. Hence, as long as the borers are in action the embroidery maintains its position owing to its reenforcement by the needle points. </p>
<p> In order to make my invention more clear reference is had to the accompanying drawing in which similar characters denote corresponding parts and in which Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a part of an embroidering machine and Fig. 2 is a detail, show ing the adjustable roller of the needle operating mechanism. </p>
<p> The fabric surface is denoted by reference letters w m, the embroidering needles are denoted by 3 and the borers by 7. The latter are operated in well known manner from a cam 8 through levers 9, 10 and a connecting rod 11. The needles 3 are operated from the cam 12 through .the medium of a bell crank lever 13 connected to a rod 14L which carries a roller 15 co-operating with the cam 12. </p>
<p>' When it is desired to have the needles 3 engage the fabric with the Points only in order to reinforce the fabric during the boring operation the roller 15 is displaced transversely to the rod 14L to bear on the circumference of another cam 12 so fixed on the shaft 12 that a part of its circumference coincides with that of the cam 12. The displacement of the roller 15 is effected by means of a forked bell crank 16 (Fig. 2) which constantly engages the roller 15 and which may be operated by hand or from the jacquard mechanism (not shown) through the medium of the rod 17. </p>
<p> WVhat is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is: </p>
<p> 1. A method of boring embroidery fabric consisting in piercing and simultaneously reinforcing the fabric and relieving it at the moment the fabric is to be displaced for borin at another place. </p>
<p> 2. method of boring embroidery fabric consisting in piercing and simultaneously stiffening the surface of the fabric and relieving the latter at the moment it is to be displaced for boring at another place. </p>
<p> 3. A method of boring embroidery fabric, consisting in piercing the borers through the fabric and simultaneously projecting the stitching needles through the fabric so as to engage the latter with their points only and removing the said needles from thefabric preceding the moment the latter is displaced for boring a new series of holes. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p> ALFRED RIETZSCH, Administrator of the estate 0 Robert ZaJm, </p>
<p>deceased. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>ROBERT H. NIER, Josnn GRANBY. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-698784-A
|
US-1901080721-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2767316
| 1902-04-29
| 1901-11-01
| 1902-04-29
|
188/53.
| null |
B61H13/24
|
BALON ANDREW
|
Car-brake.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>No. 698,784. Patented Apr. 29, I902. </p>
<p>A. BALDN. </p>
<p>GAB BRAKE. </p>
<p>(Application filed Nov. 1, 1901. </p>
<p>4 (No Model.) </p>
<p>waned/564: v [nmn'ova- 4: "cams PEYEHS ca. PNOTO-LIYNQ. WASNINGTDN u c UNITED STATES PATENQF OFFICE; </p>
<p>ANDRE\V BALON, OF. ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. </p>
<p>CAR-BRAKE. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters latent No. 698,784, dated April 29, 1902. </p>
<p>Application filed November 1, 1901. Serial No. 80,721. (No model.) </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern; </p>
<p> Be it known that I, ANDREW BALON, a citizen of Austria-Hungary, and a resident of Elizabeth, Union. county, New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improved Car-Brake, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> This invention relates to a car-brake of novel construction and in which the brakeshoes are guided against the wheels in a positive manner. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a car-truck'provided with my improved brake; Fig. 2, a plan of one-half of the same; Fig. 3, a detail of the brake-operating mechanism; and Fig. 4, a section on line 4 4:, Fig. 3. </p>
<p> The frame of the truck is composed of an upper double section a aand a lower double section b b, that converge toward their ends, so as to run out into a single front and rear section 0. Between the two arms of the upper section a a slides the load-carrying bolster d, guided by rails d and supported upon the center of a semi-elliptic spring e. The ends of this spring are coiled around pins f, carried by links f, that are suspended between the arms of the lower section b'b at f The space between the upper and lower sections a a and b b is traversed by upright rails g for guiding the oil-boxesg' which are supported by the axle-bearings. The car-truck frame is supported upon the oil-boxes by springs 9 The load is transmitted from the bolster at through the spring e to the lower frame-section and thence through rails g to the upper frame-section to be evenly distributed to the oil-box springs 9 receives the end of a squared shaft is, adapted to be operated by the brake-lever It and carrying an eccentric 10 arranged between thepins When the brake is to be set, the </p>
<p>shaft 70 is so turned that the eccentric k bears against the shoes j and causes them to slide along the pins e', so as to engage the wheels Z. When the brake isto be taken off, the shaft is turned to withdraw the eccentric le when the shoes will be retracted by the springs 9. </p>
<p>What I claim is A car-brake provided with a bearing, an upper and alowerpin' received thereby and projecting with theirfiends beyond the bearing, springinfluenced perforated brake-shoes adapted to slide upon the projecting ends of the pins, and aneccentric that engages the brake-shoes intermediate the pins, substantially as specified. </p>
<p> Signed by meat Elizabeth, Union county, New J ersey, this 25th*d'a'y, of October, 1901; </p>
<p>ANDREW BALON. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>H. G. HooLEY, A. NEFT. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1797222-A
|
US-32260928-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23255627
| 1931-03-24
| 1928-11-30
| 1931-03-24
|
414/466.
|
B62D43/00
|
B62D43/002
|
ALBORN FRANK G
|
Tire carrier
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> March 24, 1931. </p>
<p>F. G. ALBORN ET AL TIRE CARRIER Filed Nov. 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l AND BY EDWIN H. sAvAsE ATTORNEY March24, 1931. F ALBQRN ET AL 1,797,222 </p>
<p>TIRE CARRIER Filed Nov. 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I INVENTORS FRANK G. ALBORN AND EDWIN H. SAVAGE ATTORN EY Patented Mar. 24, 1931 Unites stares rarest em FRANKG. ALBORN AND nnwin n. savaen, or CLE ELAND, onr nssienons TO THE I WHITE MOTOR COMPANY, or CLEVELAND, I-IIO,'A CORPORATION or OHIO TIRE onnninn Application filed November 30, 1928. Serial No. 322,609. I </p>
<p>I This invention relates to spare tire carmore for motor vehlcles. </p>
<p> It is an object of this invention to provide a simple efficient tire carrier of the underslung type which supports the tire in spaced relation to the adjacent parts of the carrier and vehicle. V a </p>
<p>It is a further object of this invention to provide a tire carrier of the underslung type The invention itself will'be more readily understood from the description of one prac-. </p>
<p>tical embodiment thereof, illustratedin the accompanying drawings in which 7 a Figure 1 is a top plan view of a tire carrier, showing a spare tiremounted thereinin carried position. </p>
<p> Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of Figure 1. </p>
<p>j Figure 3 is a s1de elevation of the carrier, </p>
<p>7 showing the relative positions of'the difier ent parts of the carrier, both to themseives and to a sparetire,'at an intermediate stage in the placement or removal of the spare tire. V </p>
<p>- Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4.4 of Figure 1, and v Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 55 of Figure 1. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates the rear portion of a motor truck frame. Rigidly secured to the frame side rails 11 is a metal stirrup 12 the bottom section 13 of which forms with the members 14 and 15 an underslung platform 16. This platform is designed to support a spare tire 17 and is constructed with raised surfaces 18 which engage the lower surface of the rim 19 to support the t1re in spaced relation to the subjacent'parts of the platform. 7 It is to be noted that this platformcomprises a central unobstructed portion bounded by and including the members 14, over which a tire maybe facilely slid on or 03 the platform to and from a carried position thereon. </p>
<p> The members 14 of the platform 16 are constructed of resilient material, such as spring steel, and permit the platform to swing downwardunder the weight of the tire to the pos1t1on illustrated in Figure 3. In order that the tire 17 may be placed upon and removed from the platform 16 with facilitv and withoutsubjecting the n emberltl to ex: cessive' strain by further depression of the rear end of the plat-form, the members 14 are formed with curvatures 20 Whichprovidea clearance between the platform and pair of overhead tire centering members 21 that ex ceeds the width of the tire v I V The members 21 are rigidly attached at their upper ends to a framecross member 22, and are formed with shoulders 23and flanges 24 designedto engage respeotivelythe upper and inner surfaces of the rim 19. As clearly shown; in the drawings, the shoulders 23 are located at such a distance below the frame as toj'engage the rim .19 to hold the tire 17 in space relation to the frame. </p>
<p>Hooked through loosely fitting apertures 25 formediin the sidera'ils'll, there is a pair of dependlngrods 26. These'rods are adapted for insertion within slots 27 formed in the ends of the'platform member 15, and carry on theirlower threaded ends star-shaped nuts 28 designed forengagement with, the lower surface of the member 15. As clearly shown in Figure 5, the nuts 28. are *formed with roundedupper ends 29 which fitwithin complementary recesses 30 formedin the lower surface of-the member 15. This interen'gagement of the nuts 28 with the member lo is effective in securing the rods 26 within I the slots27." I I To assemble a tire within the carrier with the parts occupying the positions illustrated in Figurej3, the-tire is placed in centered position upontheplatform 16, the rear end of the platform elevated and rods 26 inserted withinhthessl'ots 27., after whichthe nuts 28 use to tires of'the width illustrated, but may be utilized to carry tires of varying smaller widths. r 7 </p>
<p>Although the foregoing description is necessarily of a detailed character, in order that the invention may be completely set forth, </p>
<p>it is'to be understood that specific terminology is not intended to be restrictive or confining, </p>
<p>and that various rearrangements of the parts 1 and modifications in structural details may 10 be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention claimed.- r 1 Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: </p>
<p> 1. The combination with a vehicle of a tire carrier suspended therefrom, said carrier comprising a resilient platform adapted to support a spare tire, rigid means rigidly associated with said vehicle and said platform for supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to said vehicle, means for re 7 leasably supporting the opposite end of said platform in certain position with respect to said vehicle, and means for holding a tire' 5 upon said platform when said last named end of said platform is supported in the aforesaid position. V </p>
<p> 2. The combination witha vehicle of a tire carrier suspended therefrom, said carrier comprising a resilientplatform adapted to support aspare tire, rigid means rigidly associated with said vehicle and said platform for supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to said vehicle, meansforreleasaloly supporting the opposite end of said platform in certain position with respect to said vehicle, and means depending from said vehicle adapted to hold a tire upon saidpla t form when said last named end of said plat- 40 form is supported in the aforesaid position, </p>
<p>said platform being formed with a depression subjacent said last named 'means by virtue of'which tires of large widths may be facilely placed upon or moved from said platform. 7 v e 3. The combination with a vehicle of an underslung tire carrier suspended therefrom, saidtir'e carrier comprising a resilient platformadapted to support a spare tire, means rigidly supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to said vehicle, means pivotally attached to said vehicle adapted to Vreleasably support the opposite "end of said 7 platform in a certain position with respect to said vehicle, and means rigidly associated with said vehicle adapted to hold a -tire upon said platform when said last named end of said platform is supported-in the aforesaid position. 3 r In testimony whereof we'hereunto affixour signatures this 28th day of November, 1928. </p>
<p>EDWIN H. SAVAGE. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2399327-A
|
US-48806443-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23938182
| 1946-04-30
| 1943-05-22
| 1946-04-30
|
220/316.
|
B64D13/02
|
B64D13/02
|
LLOYD CULLEN WILLIAM
|
Locking means for pressure chamber doors
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>April 0, 1946. w. 1.. CULLEN 2,399,327 </p>
<p>LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS Filed May 22, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet l 56 .[NVENTOB a) MLL/AM LLOYD CULLEN MBA/1S", K/scw, Fosrzn 5/445): </p>
<p>ATTORNEYS April 1946- w. CULLEN I 2,399,327 </p>
<p>LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS Filed May 22, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I [NVENTOB I VV/LL/AM LLOYD CULLEN 1} H HARRIS mac/4, FosrsR @MRR/S I ii w ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 30, 1946 LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS William Lloyd Cullen, Los Angeles, Calif., assignmto Hughes Tool Company, Houston, Tex., a eor-' poration of Delaware Application May 22, 1943, Serial No. 488,064 </p>
<p>7 Claims. </p>
<p>- My invention relates to closure-securing means and is directed specifically to the construction of means to lock the door of a pressure chamber. </p>
<p> The invention is being initially applied to the problem of locking a relatively large door through which large airplane sections must pass into a chamber for processing at superatmospheric pressure. It will be apparent, however, that the invention is widely applicable. </p>
<p> Since the force tending to open a circular door of a cylindrical pressure chamber varies as the square of the diameter of the door, any means designed for holding a relatively large door in closed position must be capable of withstanding forces of tremendous magnitude. If the fluid under pressure is gaseous, for example air or steam, the proper designing of the door-retaining means is of special importance, since any structural failure may cost human lives. </p>
<p> The general object of my invention is to provide a simple, efficient, and safe means for retaining or looking such a door against fluid pressure. </p>
<p> One of the specific objects of my invention is to provide a door-locking means having extensive zones of engagement, thereby to keep the unit stress of, the door-locking means at a low value relative to the magnitude of the total pressure against the door. In this regard, my invention is characterized by the concept of providing a ring around the door adapted to expand from an inner position to an outer position, and vice versa, the ring at one of said positions providing for interengagement between a circumferentially extensive locking surface on the door and. a second circumferentially extensive locking surface on the chamber. </p>
<p> In the preferred practice of my invention, the locking ring is split to provide ring ends that may be moved apart to expand the ring and drawn toward each other to contract the ring. Certain objects of my invention relate to the provision of simple and efficient means for causing such relative movement between the ring ends. Among these objects are the following: to provide means for multiplying manual force exerted by an operator in moving the ring to lock the door; to provide such means in which the mechanical advantage for multiplication of the applied force progressively increases in the course of the locking operation; to provide such means that is irreversible in the sense that the ring-operating means is mechanically non-responsive to forces tending to move the ring to its door-releasing position; and to provide such means that may be conveniently latched to hold the ring in its ineffective position when the door is open. </p>
<p> In the preferred practice of my invention, a further object in mind is to provide an expansible ring that will have at least some wedging action to insure movement of the door to a desired closed position. </p>
<p> Another object of my invention is to provide a door-locking arrangement that incorporates means to indicate whether or not the door is locked, the indicating means being perceptible at any desired point or points near the door or remote from the door. Such an indicating means reduces the possibility. of accidents, caused, for example, by introducing-fluid under pressure into the chamber while the door is open or when the door-locking ring is not moved completely into its door-locking position. </p>
<p> A still further object of my invention is to provide safety means to prevent an operator from inadvertently releasing the door-locking means while the chamber contains fluid at dangerous pressure. </p>
<p> The above and other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent in the following description, taken with the accompanying drawings. </p>
<p> In the drawings, which are to be considered as merely illustrative: </p>
<p> Figure lis a plan view, partly in section, of a door at the end of a cylindrical chamber incorporating my invention, the view being partly broken away and partly in section for clarity; </p>
<p> Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the door-locking ring and an associated indicating circuit; </p>
<p> Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the door showing the door-locking mechanism; </p>
<p> Figure 4 is a similar section showing a switch in the indicating circuit; </p>
<p> Figure 5 is a similar section, taken as indicated by the line 5-5 of Figure 1; </p>
<p> Figure 6 is a fragmentary view, taken as indicated by the arrow 6 in Figure 3, a portion of the wall structure being broken away to reveal the locking mechanism; and </p>
<p> Figure 7 is a wiring diagram of circuit means for controllin certain safety locks in the preferred practice of my invention. 7 </p>
<p>The drawings illustrate the invention as applied to a large cylindrical chamber, generally designated l0, having a semi-spherica1 door, gen-' erally designated l I, that is large enough to pass large wing sections and other structural parts of aircraft and the like. Such a chamber may be employed for applying pressure, or pressure together with heat, for setting adhesive plastic in the fabrication of airplane structure. </p>
<p> Since such a large door for withstandin high pressure is necessarily of tremendou weight, and since it is desirable to avoid the use of hinges, it is necessary to provide some power-actuated means for moving the door into and out of its closed position. For this purpose, Figure 1 shows a frame structure if! welded to the door. The frame structure i2 provides on each side of the door a plate I! and two flanges l5 for sliding engagement with vertical tracks I 6 made of channel-iron. The vertical tracks are part of a doorsupporting frame IT. The door-supporting frame I! is movable toward and away from the end of the chamber l0 under the guidance of guide bars II and is provided with a suitable hoist (not shown) for elevating and lowering the door when the door-supporting frame I 1 is spaced away from the open end of the cylindrical chamber. </p>
<p> As indicated in Figure 3, the chamber Hi has a relatively thick entrance wall 20 to receive telescopically a cylindrical wall portion 2| of the door II. On the inner side of the entrance wall 28 is welded a ring 22 to provide a seat for a resilient ring 23 of rubber or other suitable material. The resilient ring 23 is postioned to serve as a bum'ier to cushion the closing action of the door II, but ii at any time the chamber is employed to develop a vacuum, the resilient ring may function primarily as a sealing means, atmospheric pressure exerted over the entire area or the door serving to urge the door against the resilient ring in an air-ti ht manner. </p>
<p> If the chamber II is placed under super-atmospheric pressure, for example by the introduction of steam as contemplated herein, leakage from the interior of the chamber is prevented by a secand resilient sealing ring 25 seated in an annular recess 26 in the entrance wall 20. This second sealing ring 25 is preferably of U-shaped cross section, as indicated, to form two annular sealing lips 21 having tapered edges. Such a U-shaped sealing ring may be backed up by a metal ring 28 and may embrace a second metal ring ID that serves to hold the two sealing lips 21 apart. Fluid pressure from the interior of the chamber Ill causes the two sealing lips'to tlex against the adjacent metal surfaces in a liquid-tight manner. Obviously, various sealing arrangements may be employed to retain either a vacuum or superatmospheric pressure in the chamber when the door is closed. </p>
<p> My invention contemplates the provision of two circumterentially extensive shoulders for co0per ation with an expansible ring. One shoulder is provided by the chamber structure and faces toward the interior of the chamber, while the other shoulder is provided by the door structure and faces outwardly of the chamber. When the rin is efiective to prevent outward movement at the door in response to chamber pressure, the outwardly-facing door shoulder presses against the ring and the ring, in turn, presses against the inwardly-facing shoulder of the chamber structure. </p>
<p> As best shown in Figure 4, a chamber shoulder 3| may be formed by cutting a circumferential recess 32 on the inside oi the entrance wall 20 of the chamber, while a cooperative door shoulder 33 may be provided by cutting away the material of the cylindrical wall 2! or the door. </p>
<p>It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a ring for the desired cooperation with the two shoulders SI and I! may be adapted either to expand out of engagement with the door shoulder 33 or to contract out of engagement with the chamber shoulder 3|. In other words, the ring may either be mounted on the chamber structure to contract in diameter from an ineffective or door-releasing position into door-locking engagement with both the shoulders, or may be mounted on the door for expansion in diameter from a door-releasing position into doorlocking engagement with the two shoulders. In my preferred construction illustrated by the drawings, I choose to mount an expansible ring 35 adjacent the door shoulder 33 for expansion into a position for engaging both the door shoulder 33 and the chamber shoulder II. </p>
<p> The particular locking ring 35 shown in the drawings is divided diametrically into upper and lower sections 36 and 31, respectively. Each of these two sections may carry a pin 38 (Figures 1 and 5) that slidingly engages a radial slot II in an angular retaining clip ll. Other retaining clips 42, without such slots, may be placed at various points around the door to loosely retain the locking ring 38 when the door is in open position. </p>
<p> In the present practice of the invention, I employ on each side of the door what may be termed a toggle lock, generally designated 0, the construction of which is best shown in Figures 3 and 8. Each toggle lock comprises a pair of interconnected toggle links ll and 48, the link ll being pivotally connected to a bracket 41 on the end of the upper locking ring section I, and the link 48 being likewise pivotally connected to a bracket 48 on the lower locking ring section 31. For manual control, the lower toggle link ll may be one arm of an operating lever ll having a suitable handle 8|. </p>
<p> When the operating lever II is raised to locking position, as indicated in Figure 6, the two toggle links 4! and I! move past center to provide a positive lock with no reaction forces tending to throw the lock open. In other words, by arranging for the two toggle links to move past center in expanding the ring, I provide what may be termed an irreversible linkage in the sense that any tendency of the ring sections to move together does not create any tendency tcrthe toggle links to swing to their door-releasing positions. </p>
<p> The two toggle locks 43 on opposite sides of the door are opened by simply swinging the operating levers 50 downwardly, and, for convenience, a suitable latch 52 may be provided to hold each toggle lock open, thereby to hold the divided locking ring in radially contracted state. Each latch 52, as best shown in Figures 3 and 6, may comprise simply a leaf-spring arm bent to form a suitable latching shoulder 53 ior engagement with the associated operating lever SI, the arm being adapted for flexure out oi latching position. </p>
<p> Figures 1, 2, and 4 indicate how, in the preferred practice or my invention, I may incorporate means to indicate whether or not the looking ring 38 is in its effective position to hold the door ll closed. Four switches II may be placed at equally spaced positions around the circumference of the entrance wall 20 of the chamber, each of the switches having an operating plunger I8 that extends through a bore 81 (Figure 4) in the entrance wall into the path of expansion of the locking ring SI. These lour switches ll are closed only when the locking ring SI is properly expanded into its locking position so that failure of any one of the four switches to close indicates that the door II is not properly locked. </p>
<p> As shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, the switches may be connected in series by wires II, with one end or the series connected to a wire I and the other end of the series connected to a wire I. A battery 82, or other suitable source of electromotive force, is shown with one terminal connected to the wire 8. and the other terminal connected in parallel to individual signal lamps i3 and t5, the two signal lamps being, in turn, individually connected to the wire II. It is apparent that, when the four switches II are all closed by expansion of the locking ring II, the </p>
<p>two signal lamps i3 and BI will be energized to indicate that it is safe to introduce fluid under pressure into the chamber II. The two signal lamps 63 and 65 may be at different stations, one station, for example, being near the entrance to the pressure chamber and the other station being in a boiler room within sight of a valve employed for regulating the flow of steam into the chamber III. </p>
<p> In the preferred practice of my invention, 1 also incorporate suitable safety means eifective automatically to prevent anyone from inadvertently unlocking the door while a hazardous condition exists with respect to the interior of the chamber It, for example to prevent anyone from unlocking the door while the chamber is charged with fluid at a dangerous pressure. </p>
<p> Figure 6 shows, by way of example, how the operating lever 50 may be provided with a short extension 88 that is concentric with the axis of rotation of the lever and is formed with a locking recess 81 for cooperation with a safety lock 8. The safety lock 68 is in the form of a solenoid mounted on the door by suitable screws II, which solenoid has an operating plunger 1| to serve as a locking member for movement into and out of the locking recess 61. It is contemplated that the plunger H of the solenoid will be retracted from the locking recess when the solenoid is de-energized and will automatically enter the recess to prevent opening movement of the lever 50 whenever the solenoid is energized. </p>
<p> Figure '7 shows schematically how the two coils 12, respectively, of the two safety locks 80 that lie on opposite sides of the door H may be connected in parallel between two wires ll and II. The wire I! is connected to one terminal of a battery 11, or other suitable electromotive source, and the other terminal of the battery is connected to one side of a pressure-responsive switch II. The wire 16 is connected to the other side of the switch It to complete the circuit. Whenever fluid under pressure is introduced into the chamber it while the door II is closed, with the two operating arms 50 in the position indicated in Figure 6. the switch ll responds to the chamber pressure by closing the circuit shown in Figure '1, thereby energizing the two coils I! to cause the two safety locks 8| to lock the operating handles Bl against opening movement. The safety locks it may be released only by causing the chamber pressure to drop to a safe level. </p>
<p> The manner in which the invention operates will be readily apparent from the foregoing description. when the door is moved into closed position preliminary to the processing of material in the chamber ID, the operator swings each of the operating levers 50 upwardly to the position shown in full lines in Figure 6. It will be noted that the operating arm {I is considerably longer than the toggle link ll, thereby multiplying the manual i'orce applied by the operator to the handle Ii. It will be further noted that, by virtue of the toggle linkage, the are rangement provides increasingly favorable leverage for the operator as-the handle Si is raised to fully locked position. In approaching the fully locked position shown in full lines in Figure 6, the two toggle links ll and It swing past center, i. e., move the interconnectin toggle pin I! past a straight line defined by the axes of the two togslepinsllandll. v </p>
<p> It is to be noted in Figures 3, 4, and 5 that the expanslble ring I5 has a wedging portion, or what may be termed a rounded leading edge It to cooperate with the chamber shoulder ii to wedge the door shut whenever slight wedging action is required to shift the door to its final closed position, </p>
<p> When it is safe to open the door after the chamber pressure has been reduced at the end of a processing period, the operator swings the two operating levers downwardly, thereby moving the associated parts to the positions indicated by dotted lines in Figure 6. This downward movement causes the operating arm 50 to be releasably engaged by the latch arm I! to hold the locking ring I! in contracted position so long as the door is open. By providing the latch arm 52, I insure that the locking ring 35 will not accidentally expand to interfere with subsequent closing action of the door. The two latch arms 52 may be readily flexed to release the operating handles it whenever desired. </p>
<p> The preferred practice of my invention described in detail herein will suggest to those skilled in the art various changes and substitutions under my basic concept, and I reserve the right to all such departures from my disclosure that properly lie within the scope of my appended claims. </p>
<p>I claim as my invention: </p>
<p> 1. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to loci; the door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door. said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second shoulder on a wall of the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior of the chamber; an expansible ring adapted to expand from an inner position to an outer position and vice versa, said ring being dimensioned to clear one of said shoulders at one of said positions and to engage'both of said shoulders at the other of said positions, thereby to lock the door: and an indicating means responsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to indicate whether or not the door is locked. </p>
<p> 2. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lock the door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door. said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber: a second shoulder on a wall of the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior of the chamber; an expansible ring adapted to expand from an inner position to an outer position and vice versa, said ring being dimensioned to clear one of said shoulders at one of said positions and to engage both of said shoulders at the other of said positions, thereby to lock the door; an indicating circuit; signal means controlled by said circuit to indicate whether or not the door is locked; and a plurality of switch means in said circuit positioned at spaced points of said rin said switch means being responsive to expansion and contraction of said ring for opening and -losing said circuit. </p>
<p> 3. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lock the door, comprising: a first annular shoulder on the exterior of said door, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second annular shoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior of the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion of the ring and contraction of the ring; means acting between said separable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position to an outer position and vice versa, said ring at one of said positions clearing one of said shoulders and in the other of said positions enaging both said shoulders to hold the door in closed position; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuit responsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to open and close said ircuit; and signal means controlled by said circuit to indicate whether or not said ring is in the oosition to lock the door. </p>
<p> 4. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lock the door, comprising:- a first annular shoulder on the exterior of said door, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamher; a second annular shoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior of the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion of the ring and contraction of the ring; toggle means acting between said separable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position clearing said second shoulder to an outer position engaging both of said shoulders, said toggle means being constructed and arranged to move past center in expanding the ring to lock the ring against forces tending to contract the ring; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuit responsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to close the circuit when said ring is expanded into locking position; and signal means in said circuit to indicate when said ring is expanded into locking position. </p>
<p> 5. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lock the door, comprising: a first annular shoulder on the exterior of said door, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second annular shoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior of the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion of the ring and contraction f the ring; toggle means acting between --said separable ends of the ring to expandthe ring from 1' inner position clearing said second shoulder to an outer position engaging both of said shoulders, said toggle means being constructed and arranged to move past center'in expanding the rin thereby to lock against forces tending to contract the ring; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuit responsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to close the circuit when said ring is expanded into locking position; signal means in said circuit to indicate when said ring is expanded into locking position; and latch means to hold said toggle means in ring-contracting position to prevent closing of said switch means and consequent energization of said indicating circuit, thereby preventing operation of said signal means when said ring is contracted into unlocking position. </p>
<p> 6. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lock the door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second shoulder on a wall of the chamber facing toward the interior of the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends; toggle means acting between the separable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position to an outer position and vice versa, said ring at one of said positions clearing one of said shoulders to permit opening of the door and at the other of said positions engaging both of said shoulders to lock the door; electrically-actuated safety means to lock said toggle means against door-releasing movement; a circuit to energize said safety means: and a switch in said circuit, said switch being responsive to pressure in said chamber to cause said safety means to lock said toggle when the pres sure in the chamber rises above a predetermined va ue. </p>
<p> 7. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lock said door, comprising: a shoulder provided on the exterior of said door and facing outwardly; another shoulder provided on a wall of said chamber and facing inwardly: locking means adapted to be moved to inner and outer positions with respect to said shoulders, said means clearing one of said shoulders in one of said positions and engaging both' of said shoulders inthe other of said positions whereby to lock said door; electrically-actuated safety means to lock said locking means in door-locking position; a circuit to energize said safety lock; and a switch in said circuit responsive to pressure in said chamber to cause said safety means to lock said locking means when a predetermined pressure develops in said chamber. </p>
<p>WILLIAM LLOYD CULLEN. </p>
</div>
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en
|
US-3354639-A
|
US-49947265-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23985381
| 1967-11-28
| 1965-10-21
| 1967-11-28
|
60/562.
|
B60T11/20
|
B60T11/20
|
YOST FREDERICK R
|
Dual fluid pressurizing mechanism
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57956252" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. A TWO FLUID PRESSURIZING SYSTEM COMPRISING HOUSING MEANS, FIRST AND SECOND FLUID CIRCUITS RESPECTIVELY INCLUDING FIRST AND SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBERS IN SAID HOUSING MEANS AND RESPECTIVELY HAVING FIRST AND SECOND SUBSTANTIALLY UNPRESSURIZED FLUID CHAMBERS ADJACENT THERETO AND POSITIONED BETWEEN SAID PRESSURIZING CHAMBERS IN SAID HOUSING MEANS, SAID FIRST AND SECOND FLUID CIRCUITS RESPECTIVELY HAVING FIRST AND SECOND FLUID RESERVOIRS FLUID CONNECTED RESPECTIVELY WITH SAID FIRST AND SECOND SUBSTANTIALLY UNPRESSURIZED FLUID CHAMBERS AND ALSO RESPECTIVELY FLUID CONNECTED WITH SAID FIRST AND SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBERS WHEN UNPRESSURIZED, MEANS RESPONSIVE TO PRESSURIZING ACTUATION OF SAID FIRST FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER FLUID RESERVOIR AND SAID SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING SECOND FLUID RESERVOIR AND SAID SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER, MEANS ACTING ON SAID PRESSURIZING ACTUATION RESPONSIVE MEANS AND WITHHOLDING PRESSURIZING ACTUATION OF SAID SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER UNTIL A PREDETERMINED PRESSURE LEVEL IS REACHED IN SAID FIRST FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER, A FLUID CIRCUIT ANTI-CONTAMINANT CHAMBER POSITIONED BETWEEN SAID SUBSTANTIALLY UNPRESSURIZED FLUID CHAMBERS IN SAID HOUSING MEANS.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
|
en
|
<div>
<p>Nov. 28, 1967 F. R. YOST 3,354,539 </p>
<p> DUAL FLUID PRESSURIZING MECHANISM Filed Oct. 21, 1965 HEAT EXCHANGE/P SQ; q VINVENTOR. 333 (\J FREDERICK R. Y0$T Q Q 3 BY @QWW ATTORNEY United States Patent Ofiflce 3,354,539 Patented Nov. 28, 1967 3,354,639 DUAL FLUID PRESSURIZING MECHANISM Frederick R. Yost, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 21, 1965, Ser. No. 499,472 Claims. (Cl. 60-545) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A brake mechanism including a dual master cylinder asembly having two completely independent fluid circuits, one fluid circuit pressurizing one set of brakes and the other fluid circuit pressurizing another set of brakes, the fluid circuits being separated in the master cylinder assembly by a chamber preventing cross-contamination of the two fluid circuits. The pressurizing pistons for the two circuits are arranged so that actuation of the second piston is accomplished through movement of the first piston by a brake pedal. A spring is provided which will withhold pressurizing movement of the second piston until some pressurization by the first piston has occurred, so as to accommodate a drum brake-disc brake combination wherein the drum brake shoes must be moved outwardly by pressurization of the first circuit to a certain pressure, although the disc brakes require no such movement prior to braking engagement. The master cylinder assembly is disclosed as being arranged so that the brake fluid in the second circuit also is utilized as a brake cooling fluid in a separate circuit, the second circuit and the cooling circuit having a common fluid reservoir. </p>
<p> The invention relates to a mechanism for pressurizing fluid in separate fluid circuits, and more particularly to such mechanism when utilized as a master cylinder for a vehicle brake system. It has been common in recent years to provide a vehicle with separate pressurizing systems for separate pairs of brake units, such as the front brakes and the rear brakes. Master cylinder assemblies recently utilized in production vehicle have had the pressurizing pistons arranged in a tandem manner with one of the pressurizing chambers connected to the rear brake wheel cylinders and the other of the pressurizing chambers connected to the front brake wheel cylinders. Since such systems have utilized the same type of fluid in both circuits, a common fluid reservoir has often been provided. In some instances separate reservoirs have been provided only because it is desirable from a safety standpoint to prevent the loss of fluid from a correctly operating circuit because of a malfunction in another fluid circuit. Little consideration has been given to the likelihood of cross contamination of the two fluid circuits since the fluid in each circuit has been identical. </p>
<p> It is now proposed to provide a dual master cylinder having separate pressurizing chambers each connected to its own fluid circuit and with the various chambers in the master cylinder so arranged that there is no possibility of contaminating the fluid of one circuit with the fluid of another circuit. This is particularly desirable in instances where different types of fluid may be utilized in the two circuits. The mechanism embodying the invention provides for dual fluid circuits or systems each having its own pressurizer, its own fluid reservoir, and its own conduits to the pressure operated members associated therewith. </p>
<p> A brake utilizing the invention is particularly advantageous when a hybrid brake arrangement is provided such as the use of disc brakes on one set of wheels and drum brakes on the other set of wheels. It is advantageous for several well known reasons in such a hybrid arrangement to provide disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear wheels. Since these two types of brakes have different operating characteristics and requirements, it is deirable to provide different master cylinder pressurizing charcteristics for each set of brakes. A master cylinder mechanism embodying the invention permits the utilization of a constant bore housing but provides for changing the pressurization timing and rate for one set of brakes as compared to the other set of brakes so that the brakes may be balanced in actuation. In in stances where one set of brakes, for example, require an initial pressurization in order to position the brake shoes for engagement with a brake friction surface, the mechanism embodying the invention provides for this initial pressurization and withholds pressurization of the other set of brakes at a predetermined rate relative to pressurization of the one set of brakes. </p>
<p> The invention also provides for the pressurizing movement of the secondary pressurizing piston to a suflicient extent to disconnect the secondary fluid pressurizing chamber from its fluid reservoir, thus positioning it for immediate fluid pressurizing action, while withholding such action until the primary fluid pressurizing piston has been displaced a suflicient amount to pressurize fluid in the primary fluid pressurizing chamber to a predetermined value. This is advantageous when the primary pressurizing chamber is connected to actuate drum brakes with shoes which must be moved into contact with the brake drums against the force of retraction springs while the secondary pressurizing chamber is connected to actuate disc brakes which maintain the brake pads in light engagement with the disc at all times. </p>
<p> It is also a feature of the invention to provide for pressurization force for one set of brakes to be applied primarily through fluid pressurization of fluid in the pressurizing chamber connected with the other set of brakes. In addition, provision is made for the pressurization of one set of brakes mechanically; should for some reason pressurization of fluid in the pressurizing chamber for the other set of brakes be insuflicient to provide the necessary actuating force. </p>
<p> Mechanism embodying the invention is particularly advantageous when one fluid pressurizing circuit requires a fluid cooling arrangement. Such a circuit often uses a mineral oil based fluid which must not be allowed to become contaminated or to contaminate the other fluid circuit which may have a non-mineral oil based fluid therein. The mechanism provides distinctly diflerent mechanism and methods of replacing fluid in each circuit so that inadvertent cross contamination is unlikely to occur. </p>
<p>In the drawing: </p>
<p> The figure is a cross section view of a dual fluid pressurizing mechanism embodying the invention in a master cylinder construction for a vehicle having separate front and rear brake ssytems, such systems being schematically illustrated. </p>
<p>The mechanism in which the. invention is embodied is a dual master cylinder assembly. The housing 12 is divided into a rear section 14 and a front section 16 which are suitably fastened together. The rear section contains the mechanism for pressurizing fluid conducted through the conduit 18 to the wheel cylinders 20 of the wheel brake assemblies 22. These brake assemblies are schematically illustrated as being drum brakes and in the system embodiment shown in the drawing are the rear brakes of the vehicle. The front housing section 16 contains mechanism for pressurizing fluid delivered through conduit 24 to the wheel cylinder assemblies 26 of the wheel brake assemblies 28. The brake assemblies 28 are illustrated as being disc brakes with the wheel cylinders 26 being provided in a suitable caliper arrangement. In the system embodiment shown, the wheel brake assemblies 28 are the front brakes of the vehicle. </p>
<p> A bore 30 is provided in the housing 12 with its open end 32 being at the rear of the rear housing section and its closed forward end 34 being at the front of the front housing section. A rear portion 36 of the front housing is enlarged to provide a chamber 38 therein which interrupts the bore 30 so that the bore is divided into a rear section 40 and a front section 42. </p>
<p> The rear housing section 14 is formed to include 'a reservoir chamber 44 which has compensating ports 46 and 48 and pressure relief port 50 connecting with the rear bore section 40. A primary piston 52 is positioned in the rear bore section 40 so that the push rod '54 extends through the bore open end 32 and engages the piston for piston actuation. The push rod 54 is connected to a suitable brake actuation member which is schematically illustrated as the brake pedal assembly 56. A suitable. </p>
<p>brake booster may be provided for actuation of the master cylinder in appropriate circumstances. The primary piston 54 is spool shaped so that a fluid compensation chamber 58 is provided between the end lands of the piston and is always connected with the compensation port 48 and therefore with the fluid reservoir chamber 44. A suitable stop such as snap ring 60 provides a rear 10- cater for the release position of the piston 52. The forward end of piston 52 has a boss 62 about which is received a pressure cup 64 and a cup backup disc 66. Suitable compensation passages 68 are formed through the forward piston land so that the cup 64, disc 66 and passages 68 cooperate to compensate the rear pressurizing chamber in the well known manner- A spring seat 70 abuts the forward end of boss 62 and a piston extension 72 is threaded into'a recess in the boss so that it extends forwardly into the primary pressurizing chamber 74. A spring retainer 76, which is gen-. erally hat-shaped, has its rear or crown end received about piston extension 72 and normally engages the enlarged head 78 of the extension 72. A preloaded compression spring Sit-extends between the spring seat 70 and the forward or brim end of the spring retainer 76. The spring retainer 76 and the spring 80 are also located in the primary pressurizing chamber 74. </p>
<p> An intermediate push rod 82 is positioned within bore 30 and extends through chamber 38 and into bore sections 40' and 42. The rear end of rod 82 has a head 84 formed thereon so that it acts as a piston in the forward end of rear bore rear section 40. The head is grooved and receives a suitable seal 86 which engagesthe bore wall. The head has a boss 88 extending rearwardly so that the forward end of spring retainer 76 fits thereabout'and engages the rear side of the flange 90 forming a part of the head The forward, end of bore rear section 40 has a seal 92 mounted therein which cooperates with the rod head 90 to provide a substantially unpressurized fluid chamber 94. This'chamber is connected through relief port 50 with the reservoir chamber 44. </p>
<p> 'The portion of push rod 82 extending forwardly beyond seal 92 is provided with a shoulder 96 against which .a. washer. 9.8 is positioned. Thewasher is. slightly. dish. </p>
<p>shaped with the rim thereof extending forwardly and is held in position by an O ring 100 the push rod 82. The O ring 100 has a slightly greater cross section diameter than the amount of the depression provided in the washer 98 for reasons to be described. A compression spring 102 is received within chamber 38 of the housing forward section 16. The forward end of the spring 102 rests against a housing wall 104 which extends outwardly from the portion of the housing in which the bore forward section 42 is formed and is positioned slightly forward of the rear end, 106 of the bore forward section. The rear end of spring 102 engages a spring seat 108 which is a dished washer received about push rod 82 adjacent the O ring 100 and is slidably movable relative to the intermediate push rod. The dished depression of spring seat .108 opens rearwardly and is sufficiently large to be received about a projecting forward end 110 of the rear housing section adjacent the position wherein seal 92 is retained. An annular gasket 112 of a suitable resilient material such as a synthetic rubber fits between the forward and rear housing sections so that chamber 38 is sealed at this point. The gasket 112 is also of sufficient radial width to be engaged by the outer annulus 114 ofthe spring seat 108. It can be seen that the O ring 100. and the gasket 112 act as silencers or snubbers so that when the washer 98 is moved forwardlywith rod 82 into. engagement with spring seat 108, a silent connection is first made as the O ring is compressed, and when the. spring seat 108 moves rearwardly until its annulus 114 engages the gasket 112 a silent engagement is obtained. </p>
<p> The bore forward section 42 has a secondary pressurizing piston 116 received therein andprovided with a suitable cup 118 and cup disc 120 on theforward end thereof so that the piston assembly cooperates with the forward end of the bore section to provide a secondary prmsurizing chamber 122. A piston return spring 124 is positioned within chamber 122 and urges the. piston rearwardly so that in the released position the cup 118 whats the compensating port 126. Piston 116 is a spool type piston so that it defines an annular substantially unpressurized chamber 128 which is sealed from chamber 38Jby the piston rear seal 130. Ansnap ring 1'32 positioned at the rear end of the bore forward section 42, and adjacent chamber 38, provides a rear stop for the piston 116. The intermediate push rod 82 engages piston 116 for pressuizing force transmission thereto. The housing section 16 is also formed to provide the fluid reservoir chamber 134 Compensation port 126 is connected with chamber 134 and; when piston 116 is in the full release position, com </p>
<p>municates fluid to the pressurizing chamber 122. Another compensation port 136 maintains reservoir chamber 134 in continuous fluid communication with the substantially unpressurized chamber 128. v 7 </p>
<p> In many applications in which the master cylinder assembly embodying the invention is utilized, it is desirable to maintain the brake fluid for the set of br-akcsconnected to secondary pressurizing chamber 122 cooler by means of a heat exchange arrangement than it would otherwise be maintained. Therefore, the reservoir chamber 134' in such instances is provided with a fluid outlet passage 138 which is connected to the inlet of a pump 140 through a heat exchanger or cooler 142. The cooled fluid is returned to the reservoir through fluid inlet 144. The fluid circuit containing reservoir 134 is a secondary circuit with a very low flow rate as is suflicient only to maintain a satisfactory level in the reservoir. The primary circuit is used to cool the brakes of brake assemblies 28. Therefore brake assern blies 28 have suitable cooling fluid passages therein connected in series with pump 140 and heat exchanger 142 through which a higher flow rate is maintained at least when the brakes are energized. A suitable reservoir and refill arrangement is provided as a part of the cooling circuit. This system has an additional advantage in that the reservoir chamber 134 may be sealed by cap and seal which fits tightly about 7 assembly 146 in such a manner than the chamber may not be readily opened and refilled with the wrong type of fluid. This is particularly important when the nature of the front and rear brakes requires that two different fluids be used in the actuation of the wheel brake cylinders, with such fluid being mineral oil in the front brake system and non-mineral oil in the rear brake system for example. A mechanic can readily refill the system utilizing standard hydraulic brake fluid by removing the vented cover and diaphragm assembly 148 for reservoir chamber 44, but cannot readily remove the cap and seal assembly 146 for reservoir chamber 134. Instead the cooling circuit may be refilled at the pump, as is now common for power steering systems, or other suitable refill arrangements may be povided. There is therefore little likelihood of accidentally contaminating one fluid system or circuit with a fluid which belong in the other system or circuit. In addition, the provision of the buffer chamber 38 between the two pressurizing sections assures the maintenace of the fluid circuits in a non-cross contaminant condition. The bulfer or anti-contaminant chamber 38 is preferably provided with an atmospheric vent or drain 150 so that if any fluid manages to leak past either of the seals 92 and 132, such fluid will be discharged and will not enter either of the fluid circuits. The possibility of fluid leaking into chamber 38 is minimized by the arrangement of the various fluid chambers in bore 30. Starting from the rear of bore 30 and working forward, the chambers are arranged so that there is a substantially unpressurized chamber 58, the primary pressurizing chamber 74, and a substantially unpressurized chamber 94, each containing fluid of the type found in the reservoir chamber 44. The chambers 58 and 94 are always connected with reservoir chamber 44 and are therefore at substantially atmospheric pressure at all times. There is little likelihood that fluid at atmospheric pressure will leak to the atmosphere past the seals provided for these chambers. Continuing forwardly in the bore, the buffer chamber 38 is provided, and then the substantially unpressurized chamber 128, ending with the pressurizing chamber 122. Thus chambers 74 and 122, which contain high fluid pressures at various times, are not positioned directly adjacent the anti-contaminant or buffer chamber 38 but are separated therefrom by substantially unpressurized brake fluid-containing chambers. </p>
<p> The master cylinder embodying the invention has a take-apart and service separate capability which is not found in prior constructions. By removing suitable fastening means holding the housing front section 16 and the rear section 14 together, the front section may be entirely removed from the rear section and serviced independently. Similarly, by splitting the housing at this point, the rear section may be removed and serviced independently of the front section. </p>
<p> In the particular brake system shown in the drawing, wherein drum brakes are used at the rear wheels and disc brakes at the front wheels of a vehicle, it is necessary to provide means of withholding hydraulic actuation pressure from the front brakes until the rear brakes spring bias is nearly overcome. This bias occurs because the rear brake shoe retractor springs must be overcome and the brake shoes must be moved outwardly to engage the brake drum by relatively small area wheel brake cylinders, as compared to the large front brake piston apply area. Also, disc brakes which may be utilized often have no retractor springs, but permit the brake pads to ride lightly on the disc at all times. This withholding action is accomplished by the provision wherein brake actuation by the operator causes force to be transmitted through push rod 54 t0 piston 52, through the preloaded spring 80 to rod head 84, until the O ring 100 and then the washer 98 engage the spring seat 108. This movement is suflicient to move secondary pressurizing piston 116 forwardly so that compensation port 126 is closed by cup 118. Thus the initial force for this purpose is applied through the preloaded spring 80. There is also an additional force applied to the 6. rod head 84 since piston 52 will move to close port 46 by cup 64 and will slightly pressurize fluid in the primary pressurizing chamber 74. As additional force is transmitted to piston 52, fluid is further pressurized in chamber 74 and builds up to an amount suflicient to overcome the retractor springs of the brakes 22, so that the shoes are moved into engagement with the brake drum. The preload force on spring 102 is suflicient to prevent further forward movement of the intermediate push rod 28 until suflicient brake pressure is provided in chamber 74 for this purpose. Additional brake force applied through push rod 54 then builds up additional fluid pressure in chamber 74 which will cause spring 102 to yield and pressure to be built up in the secondary pressurizing chamber 122 for the front brakes. The provision of spring 102 will cause the pressure to be built up in the front brakes in the secondary pressurizing chamber at a different rate, from the build-up of pressure in pressurizing chamber 74. The relative rates of pressure buildup may be regulated by the provision of a suitable spring 102. When greater rate of pressure buildup is required for the front set of brakes, as may occur when similar brakes are utilized on both front and rear wheels of a vehicle, the primary pressurizing chamber 74 may then be connected to the front brakes and the secondary chamber to the rear brakes. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. A two fluid pressurizing system comprising housing means, first and second fluid circuits respectively including first and second fluid pressurizing chambers in said housing means and respectively having first and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers adjacent thereto and positioned between said pressurizing chambers in said housing means, said first and second fluid circuits respectively having first and second fluid reservoirs fluid connected respectively with said first and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers and also respectively fluid connected with said first and second fluid pressurizing chambers when unpressurized, means responsive to pressurizing actuation of said first fluid pressurizing chamber to disconnect the fluid connection between said second fluid reservoir and said second fluid pressurizing chamber, means acting on said pressurizing actuation responsive means and withholding pressurizing actuation of said second fluid pressurizing chamber until a predetermined pressure level is reached in said first fluid pressurizing chamber, and a fluid circuit anti-contaminant chamber positioned between said substantially unpressurized fluid chambers in said housing means. </p>
<p> 2. A two fluid pressurizing system comprising housing means, first and second fluid circuits respectively including first and second fluid pressurizing chambers in said housing means and respectively having first and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers adjacent thereto and positioned between said pressurizing chambers in said housing means, said first and second fluid circuits respectively having first and second fluid reservoirs fluid connected respectively with said first and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers and also. respectively fluid connected with said first and second fluid pressurizing chambers when unpressurized, means responsive to pressurizing actuation of said first fluid pressurizing chamber to disconnect the fluid connection between said second fluid reservoir and said second fluid pressurizing chamber, said pressurizing actuation responsive means being responsive to pressure increase in said first fluid pressurizing chamber above a predetermined level to pressurized fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber in accordance with said pressure increase, and a fluid circuit anti-contaminant chamber position between said substantially unpressurized fluid chambers in said housing means. </p>
<p> 3. A two fluid pressurizing system comprising housing means, first and second fluid circuits respectively including first and second fluid pressurizing chambers in said housing means and respectively having first and second stantially unpressurized zuid chambers and also respectiveto and positioned between said pressurizing chambers in said housing means, 'said first and second 'fluid circuits respectively having first and second fluid reservoirs fluid connected respectively with said first and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers and also respectively fluid connected with said first and second fluid pressurizing chambers'when unpressurized, means responsive to pressurizing actuation of said first fluid pressurizing chamber todisconnect the fluid connection between said second fluid reservoir and said second fluid pressurizing cham: her, said pressurizing actuation responsive means being responsive to pressure increase in said first fluid-pressurizing chamber above a predetermined level to pressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamberin accord: ance with said pressure increase, means causing the rate of pressure increase in said second fluid pressurin'ng chamber to be at a different rate from the rate of pressure increase in said first fluid pressurizing chamber, and a fluid circuit anti-contaminant chamber position between said substantially unpressurized fluid chambers .in said housing means. </p>
<p> 4. A fluid pressuresystem comprising' first and second separate fluid pressure circuits respectively having first and second fluid pressurizing chambers and first and second pressurizing pistons respectively in said chambers, force applying means for moving saidfirst pressurizing piston in "a direction for pressurizing fluid, pressurizingforce transmitting means interconnecting said pressurizing pistons and including a push rod having a head forming a movable wall of said first pressurizing chamber and a preloaded spring mechanically engaging said rod headand said first piston, first and second substantially unpressurized chambers respectivelyadjacent and intermediate said pressurizing chambers, and a buffer chamber separating said substantially unpressurized chambers, said rod extending through said first substantially unpressurized chamber and said buffer chamber and engaging said second piston. </p>
<p> 5. The fluid pressure system of claim 4, said preloaded spring mechanically transmitting an initial force from said first piston to said push rod and pressurization of fluid in said first pressurizing chamber by movement of said first piston acting on-said rod head transmitting additional force-to said .push'rod, said initial force-being a predetermined amount sufiicient to move said second piston to pressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber to a predetermined pressure level, said additional force acting on said second piston through said push rod to further pressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber. </p>
<p> 6. The fluid pressure system of claim further comprising lost motion force transmitting means intermediate said first piston and said rod 'head and mechanically connecting said first piston and said rod head in force transmitting relation upon a predetermined movement of said first piston toward and relative to said rod head for-the transmission of further force therebet-ween. </p>
<p> 7. The fluid pressure system of ;claim 5 further comprising second piston pressurizing force resisting means 'in said :bufier'chamber having a lost motion connection with said push rod and connected therewith in force resisting relation nponsufficient movement of said push rod in response to .said initial --force moving said second piston to pressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber to said predetermined pressure level, .said force resisting means being yieldable to said additional force at a predetermined rate to establish a lower rate of pressure vgeneration in saidsecond fluid pressurizing chamber than --in said first fluid pressurizing chamber. </p>
<p> ,8. A brake master cylinder assembly comprising a housing having a bore therein and a first chamber dividing said bore intoa primary section and asecondary section, a a primary fluid reservoir and a secondary fluid reservoir respectively fluid connected with said primary and secondary :hore sections, said primary .bore section having :a </p>
<p>' primary piston and an intermediate piston therein defining .therebetween .a primary pressurizing chamber aselectively fluid connectedwith said .zprimary fluid .reservoir, 7 </p>
<p>said secondary bore section having ,a secondary piston :therein and defining therewith'a secondary pressurizing chamber axiallyopposite said chamberfromsaid primary pressurizing chamber and selectively fluidconnected with said secondary fluid reservoir, first brake fluid pressure outlet means for said primary pressurizing chamber and second brake fluid outletmeans for said secondary :pressulizing chamber, seal means in said primary .bore section adjacent said first chamber, an intermediate'vpush -.r.o d </p>
<p>i mechanically connecting said intermediate piston and said secondary piston and extending through said seal means and said first chamber, said seal means and said intermediate piston defining a' first unpressurized fluid chamber in said primary bore section fluidconnected to'saidprimary fluid reservoir, and said secondary piston having :a .circumferentially extending'groove cooperating with said secondary bore section between said. first chamber and said secondary pressurizing chamber to define a second unpressurized fluid chamber fluid connected .to said secondary fluid reservoir. </p>
<p> 9. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 8, said primary reservoir having removably sealed cover means permitting fluid replenishment thereof and said secondary fluid reservoir having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet adapted to be connected in series to a fluid pump inlet and outlet "and a fluid heat exchange. </p>
<p> 10. The .brake master cylinder assembly of claim 9 in combination vwith a brake cooling circuit having: a fluid :cooling pump havinga pump inlet and a pump outlet, a heat exchanger, and fluid cooled brakes .act uatable by pressurized brake fluid from said secondary pressurizing chamber; said secondary fluid reservoir having ,a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet connected inseries with said fluid cooling pump and said heat exchanger. </p>
<p> 11. The combination of claim 10 wherein said .fluid cooled brakes are connected .in series with said fluid cooling pump and said heat exchanger but in parallel with said secondary fluid reservoir. </p>
<p> 12. The brake mastercylinder assembly of claim .8, further comprising a preloaded spring extendingbetween .said primary piston an said intermediate piston and .pro- </p>
<p>viding force limiting mechanical force-transmitting means in cooperation with said intermediate piston and said intermediate push rod between said primary piston and said secondarypiston whereby pressurizing movement of said primary piston is transmitted to said secondary piston to close the connection between said secondary fluid reservoir and said secondary pressurizing chamber substantially concurrently with the closing of the connection of said primary pressurizing chamber and said primary fluid reservoir by movement of said primary piston. </p>
<p> 13. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 12, said intermediate push rod having an abutment thereon, :a compression spring in said firstchamber having a'spring seat axially movable relative to said intermediate push .=rod, said abutment having a lost motion relation to said spring seat whereby the lost motion thereof is taken up by the secondary pressurizing chamber disconnecting movement of said intermediate push rod, said first chamber compression spring withholding further movement of said intermediate push rod and therefore of said secondary piston until a predetermined pressure buildup occurs in said primary pressurizing chamber and acting on said intermediate piston, after which said first chamber compression spring permits secondary piston pressurizing movement of said intermediate push rod and said secondary piston by pressure in said primary pressurizing chamber to pressurize fluid in said secondary pressurizing chamber at a predetermined rate relative to the rate :of pressurization of fluid in said primary pressurizing chain rber. </p>
<p> 14. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 13, References Cited said intermediate push rod abutment including a shoulder UNITED STATES PATENTS and a washer engaging said shoulder and an O-rlng extending axially intermediate said washer and said spring 2,640,324 6/1953 SPahn 6054-6 seat, said O-ring providing substantially silent engage- 5 3,245,726 4/1966 Stelzer 60-545 X ment between said abutment and said spring seat. </p>
<p> 15. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 13, FOREIGN PATENTS the end of said first chamber adjacent said primary bore 9 8 Great Britain. </p>
<p>section having a rubber-like gasket received in the end 1 thereof and engageable with said spring seat whereby l0 MARTIN SCHWADRON, Primary Examine!- movement of said spring seat toward said primary bore ROBERT BUNEVICH, Examiner section causes said spring seat to engage said rubber-like gasket in silent engaging relation. </p>
<p> UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,354,639 November 28, 1967 Frederick R. Yost It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below. </p>
<p> Column 1, line 43, for "vehicle" read vehicles column 2, line 63, for "ssytems" read systems column 4, line 39, for "celars" read clears line 43, for "An" read A column 5, line 15 for "povided" read H provided column 6, line 67, for "pressurized" read H pressurize line 69, for "position" read positioned line 75, for "stantially unpressurized zuid chambers and also respective" read substantially unpressurized fluid chambers adjacent column 7, line 1, for "to" read thereto line 19, for "position" read positioned column 8, line 29, for "exchange" read exchanger line 44 for "an" read and Signed and sealed this 14th day of January 1969. </p>
<p>(SEAL) Attest: </p>
<p>EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1085494-A
|
US-1913763608-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3153719
| 1914-01-27
| 1913-04-25
| 1914-01-27
|
235/91.K
| null |
A63D1/00
|
SCHMIDT HERMAN E
|
Game-registering cabinet.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>H. B. SCHMIDT & M. W. ARENS. GAME REGISTERING CABINET. AIPLIGATION FILED 33.25, 1913. </p>
<p>1,085,494. Patented Jan. 27, 1914. </p>
<p>' 4 snnms-snnm 2. </p>
<p>Svwwviomg q VHnunw/o W Q QM 9 COLUMBIA I'LANDGRAPH C0 ,WASHINGTON, n. t. </p>
<p>H. B. SCHMIDT & M. W. ARENS. GAME REGISTERING CABINET. APPLICATION FILED APR.25, 1913. </p>
<p> 3 A\ .5 & </p>
<p> ami knew Patented Jan. 27, 1914. </p>
<p>4 SHEETS-SHEET 3. </p>
<p> ammo c6 EE- zs'chn'u'cz 5741C? .ZYL Tux 118718, </p>
<p>Gum; </p>
<p>COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co., WASHINGTON, u. c. </p>
<p>H. E. SCHMIDT & M. W. ARENS. GAME REGISTERING CABINET. APPLIOATION TILED APB.25, 1913. </p>
<p> 494 Patented Jam 27, 1914. </p>
<p>I 4 SHBETS-SHEBT 4. </p>
<p> lwuwvliOI/S JZE {Tel/nail? and COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH co.. WASHINGTON, o. c </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>HERMAN E. SCHMIDT AND MATTHEW W. ARENS, 0F SELBY, SOUTH DAKOTA. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p>Be it known that we, HERMAN E. SCHMIDT ARENS, citizens of the residing at Selby, 1n the all of the essential registering elements being governed, directly or indirectly by a single master-control element designed for actuation through the use of a suitable key, whereby the entire operation of the registering elements is prevented except upon due. authorized use of the key. </p>
<p> The main object of the present invention is the provision of a cabinet of this type in which the balls for use in the game are normally secured in their racks, and released for playing purposes only by use of the proper key, such key serving at the same time, if desired to register the number of the particular game, the time registering element being set in operation with a man ual movement of a. key, which key is locked against return movement except following a further actuation of the master-control element. </p>
<p> The invention in the preferred form of details will be described in the following specification, reference being had particular to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of the im proved cabinet. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same. Fig. 3 is an en larged section on line 33 of Fig. 2, the score registering element being shown in normal or inoperative position. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 with the score registering element in operative position. Fig. 5 is a section on line 55 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a section on line 66 of Fig. 2. Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are detail views of the controlling means for the time register. Fig. 10 is a Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Application filed April 25, 1913. </p>
<p> Patented Jan. 27,1914. Serial No. 763,608. </p>
<p>face View of the time registering dial. Fig. 1is a face view of the game registering c 1a In the preferred form of the invention, as shown in the drawings, the improved cabinet comprises an upper inclosed section 1, and a lower open section 2, the latter depending from the former and being preferably in the form of racks 3 to receive and support the balls 4: with which the games are played. </p>
<p> Arranged within the section 1 of the cabinet is the scoring register, including a series of rows, each made up of a series of successively numbered tablets designed to be operated by push buttons, and when operated to expose the particular number on the tablet to indicate the score. Each tablet is identical in construction and operation with every other tablet, and a detail description of one will sufiice for all. Each of said mechanisms include a right angle lever 5 provided at one end with a disk or tablet 6, bearing a number and at the opposite end with a laterally projecting pin 7. The levers 5 of each row are pivotally mounted upon a rod 8 supported in brackets 9, se cured to the inner surface of the front wall of the section 1, spacing sleeves 10 being arranged intermediate the respective levers, so that the numbered disk 6 of each operates in rear of an opening 11 formed in such front wall. An operating bar 12 is provided for each angle lever 5, said bar in eluding a rod like member 13, which projects through an opening 14 in the wall of the section 1, and is provided beyond the wall with a push button 15. The operating bar also includes a locking section 16 formed with a recess 17 to receive the pin 7 of the lever 5 and with a locking notch 18 to cooperate with the edge of a locking bar 19. The locking bar 19 comprises a flat strip slidably mounted in guide sections 20 of brackets 21 secured to the inner surface of the front wall of the casing. The brackets are so connected to the casing that the looking bar, which it will be understood, cooperates with the scoring members of one row, is movable at right angles to the path of movement of the operating bar 12 of each counter. Springs 22 connected to the brackets 21 and to the locking bar serve to maintain the latter in operative position, and to return the bar to such-position when operated to release the actuated counters, as will hereinafter appear. A coil spring is terminally connected to the angle lever in advance of the pivot and to the rod 13 of the operating bar, and a stop member in the form of a rod 24 is secured to the casing in position to overlie the angle levers of one row, and form a limit for the upward movement. of the disk carried section of said lever. </p>
<p> In the operation of the scoring or counting register, it will be understood that a particular push button, or that push button corresponding to the number of points made in the particular play, is pressed inwardly, the operating bar is moved inwardly, rocking the angle lever 5 on its pivot until the numbered disk 6 is exposed through the opening 11, thus indicating the number of points. In this movement the locking notch 18 in the operating bar engages over the edge of the locking bar 19, and the coil. spring 28 compressed, thus holding the numbered disk exposed, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. </p>
<p> The time registering structure, utilized when the game to be played is to be paid for in accordance with the time required for such game, includes a clock work mechanism arranged within the upper section or using 1 of the cabinet, preferably near the top thereof. This mechanism, aside from the specific details noted may be of any type desired, the ordinary spring type being shown. F or the purposes of the present in vention, one of the main arbors 25 of the clock train is provided with a pinion 26, and beyond the pinion is extended to loosely receive a sleeve 27 on which at one end there is secured an indicating dial 28 and on the opposite end a gear 29. The indicating dial, shown more particularly in Fig. 10 is provided with an edge series of numerals 30 adapted to be successively exposed through an opening 31 in the front wall of the casing. Preferably the numerals are arranged in multiples of 5, though it is to be understood that any style or character of time registering may be used on the dial, the present instance of course, indicating by the numerals exposed the cash amount due for the time utilized in the game up to that point. </p>
<p> For the purposes of the present invention, means must be provided whereby the clock train may be started and stopped only by the authorized person, in order that the full period utilized in the game may be registered. To this end we arrange in an appropriate part of the clock train what we term a controlling wheel 32 having a periphery of friction material. A lever is pivotally mounted adjacent such wheel, having One end thereof provided with a friction tab 35 to overlie the periphery of the wheel 32, a spring 86 cooperating with said lever to normally hold the operative end thereof in such frictional engagement with the wheel as to hold the clock train against operation. The opposite end of the lever is connected by a flexible connector 37 with the angle lever 5 of a device similar in all respects to one of the counting mechanisms heretofore described, except that this time registering controlled button is without the numbered disk, being preferably arranged in line with and as one of the upper row of scoring registering elements. To control the connection of the dial with the mechanism of the clock train, we mount on a frame bar as 38 of such frame, a stub shaft 39, and arrange upon said stub shaft a sleeve section 40 carrying a gear 41, adapted when in operative position to mesh with the pinion 26 of the clock train, said sleeve also carrying a pinion 42 which is at all times in mesh with the gear 2S) having fixed relation with the dial. A spring 43 is arranged to encircle the stub shaft between the sleeve 40 and the frame bar 38, said spring operating to normally hold the gear 41 out of mesh with the pinion 26. A bracket 44- is secured to the rear wall of the casing 1 and supports an angle lever 45 having one forked at 4.6 to engage the stub shaft 39, and the opposite end provided with a liexible connector 47 having one end con nected to the angle lever 5 of the time registering control button to which the connector 37 is attached. </p>
<p> From this construction itwill be obvious that in the actuation of the time registering control button the levers 34 and 45 will be operated to release the brake and simultaneously connect the dial with the clock train, and that such button will be locked against opposite movement until released by actuation of the master-control element, as will later appear. It is of course to be understood that the gearing arranged between the clock train and the dial is such as to cause said dial to be properly operated by the clock train, that is to expose its proper cash indicating amount in accordance with the time occupied. Ne contemplate in this connection the use of any indicating data on the dial, it being understood that the movement of the dial. will be governed in accordance with such data, that is to say will accurately register the cash amount, the time employed, or any other desired data. </p>
<p> The game register, that is the device for registering the number of games played includes a dial 4S rotatably mounted in the upper portion of the casing 1 and bearing a. series of concentric numerals 49 successively exposed through an opening 50 in the front wall of the casing. A toothed disk 51 is secured to the dial, the teeth being arranged in the path of movement of the lever 52 pivotally supported at 53 in the casing, and operated from the master-control element to a flexible connection 54. A release dog 55 is mounted on the casing wall in position to engage the tooth in rear of that tooth engaged by the lever 52, said release dog normally preventing retrograde movement of the dial, said dog being connected with the master-control element through flexible connections 56, 57 and an angle lever 58 pivotally supported on the casing wall. A stop to limit the movement of the dial to one revolution, is provided, by securing an arm 59 to the toothed disk and having one end offset to avoid interference with the dog and lever and adapted to engage a pin 60 projecting from the casing wall. </p>
<p> The invention also contemplates a means for locking the balls 4 in the racks 3, said means including a frame comprising uprights 61 connected by cross bars 62, there being one such cross bar for each ball rack. The uprights extend through the bottom of the casing and within the latter are mounted in guides 63 between one of which and the headed end 64 of each upright is arranged a coil spring 65. Each upright within the casing is notched at 66, and a spring pressed dog 67 is arranged to cooperate with the notch. This arrangement of parts is such that when the dog is in engagement with the notch 66 of the upright, the cross bars 62 are about centrally of the ball receiving space of each ball rack, hence preventing the withdrawal of the balls from the racks, the springs operating, upon disconnection of the dogs from the notches to move the frame upwardly, elevating said cross bars, and providing a suflicient space for the withdrawal of the balls. The dogs, of which there is one for each upright are each connected by two flexible connectors 68 with the master-control element, for a purpose which will later appear. </p>
<p> The master-control elementcomprises a barrel 69 rotatably supported between the walls of the casing 1, said casing. The rotation of this barrel is designed to be controlled by a look, so that the barrel can be rotated only through the introduction of the proper key. The details making up this control are unimportant in the present invention, as many types of such devices are well known, and we therefore desire to limit ourselves only to the extent of providing a barrel adapted for rotation, and held against such rotation except by the use of a proper key. The barrel is adapted for rotation in either direction, and the various flexible connectors hereinbefore near the lower end of referred to are connected to this barrel. The locking bars 19 of each row of the scoring devices are preferably fixedly connected together, that is made in one frame structure, as clearly shown in Fig. 2 and this structure is connected to the barrel by flexible connectors 70 which are terminally connected to the barrel at diametrically opposite points, so that the locking bars will be operated no matter in which direction the barrel is turned. The flexible connectors 68, leading from each dog 67 are also connected at diametrically opposite points from the barrel, so that the dogs are operated in the movement of the barrel in either direction the connector 54 extending from the operating lever for the game dial is connected to the barrel at one point, while the connector 57, leading from the release dog is connected to the barrel diametrically opposite the at tachment of the connector 54 thereto, so that in the rotation of the barrel in one direction the lever 52 will be operated, and in the barrel rotation in the opposite direction, the release dog will be operated. A spring 71 is secured on the game registering disk and adapted to be tensioned in the registering movement of such disk, so that upon release of the disk by proper actuation of the dog 55, the disk will return to normal position. The barrel is preferably provided at one end with a diametrically extending plate 72 adapted to bear upon springs 73, fixedly supported from the casing at their opposite ends, as at 74, provision being thus made for the return of the barrel to normal position following its operation. </p>
<p> If desired, cords 74 may be mounted in the casing and supported in any desired manner, as over a pulley, and weighted, or wound about a spring drum or the like, the ends of the cords beyond the casing being provided with cups 75 for the reception of the usual blocks of due chalks. </p>
<p> In operation assuming the game to be played is to be paid for in accordance with the time occupied, an authorized person by the use of a. proper key unlocks the barrel and rotates the same in a direction which would otherwise operate the release dog 55 of the game disk. This movement of the barrel withdraws the dog 67 from the uprights 61 of the ball rack frame and permits the springs to force said rack into a position to release the balls. The balls are now ac cessible for use on the table, and at the same time as the balls are put in play the author ized operator actuates the time registering control button, hereinbefore referred to. The operation of this button locks it in set or operated position and at the same time releases the brake 35 on the clock train and causes a gearing coupling of he clock train and time indicating dial. hen the game has been finished the amount to be paid is indicated at the opening 31, and after the balls have been restored to the rack the operator by again turning the connectors 70, one or the other, withdraws the locking bar 19 from the time registering control button, as well as from those buttons which have been used for scoring purposes, permitting the buttons to return to normal positions under the influence of the springs 23, as will be obvious. This movement of the time controlled button reapplies the brake to the clock train and disconnects the dial therefrom. A spring 76 returns the dial to normal position, such position being controlled by a stop '77 carried by the dial cooperating with a pin 78 projecting from the frame of the clock train. </p>
<p> It the registration of the game by number is to be kept, the barrel is unlocked and turned in the direction to draw upon the connector 57, which through operation of the lever 52, imparts a step movement to the game dial, the barrel being thus operated after each game, and in its operation of course re-setting all scoring buttons. hen the number of games are completed the dial is actuated in the opposite direction, withdrawing the release dog and permitting the springs 71 to restore the dial to normal position, that is in the position controlled by the stops 55) and (30. The arm 52 is slotted to permit limited longitudinal movement, against the tension of the spring 52, whereby the arm may ride by the teeth on its upward movement, the extreme upper position of the arm being just beyond the path of movement of the teeth. After re-setting the parts, and restoring the balls to the racks, the locking frame is moved downwardly until the spring pressed do s (37 engage the notches 66, when the balls are locked against withdrawal. </p>
<p> From the above description, it will be seen, that we have provided a game registering cabinet designed particularly for use with the games of pool, billiards, and the like, in which the balls are locked against withdrawal from the cabinet except upon authorized release, and means are provided. whereby the number of games, or the time employed in playing a game, or both, are accurately registered, with the registering means wholly beyond control of the players or other unauthorized person, and further means are provided, within control of the y players, for scoring; with the provision of a master-control element "for controlling directly or indirectly all of said means. l lVhat is claimed, is zl 1. A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein said means including a manually operable member, a </p>
<p>number carrying member connected therethe barrel actuates with, and a locking bar to automatically engage the manually operable member when the latter is in actuated position, and a key controlled element connected with said locking bar. </p>
<p> 2. A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein, said means including a pivotally mounted number carrying lover, a manually operable member connected with said lever and formed with a locking recess, and a locking bar to automatically engage said recess when said member has been operated. </p>
<p> A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein, said means including a pivotally mounted number carrying lever, a manually operable member connected with said lever and formed with a locking recess, and a spring compressed in the operative actuation of said member. </p>
<p> 4-. A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein, said means including a pivotally mounted number carrying lever, a manually operable member connected with said lever and formed with a locking recess, a spring tensioned in the operative actuation of said member, and a locking bar to engage the member-recess in the actuation of the member. </p>
<p> A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein, said means including a pivotally mounted number carrying lever, a. manually operable member connected with said lever and formed with a locking recess, a spring tensioned in the operative actuation of said member, a locking bar to engage said recess in the actuation of the member, and a master-controlled member to operate the locking bar to release said member. </p>
<p> (3. A game registering cabinet including a time registering device, comprising a clock frame, clock mechanism therein, a time indicating dial, means for operatively connecting said dial to the clock mechanism, a manually operable push button for controlling said means, means for locking the push button in operative position, and a master-control member for releasing the locking means. </p>
<p> 7. A game registering cabinet including a time registering device, comprising a clock mechanism, a brake therefor, a time indicating dial, means for operatively connecting said dial to the clock mechanism, a manually operable push button for controlling the brake and said connecting means, means for locking the push button in operative position, and a master-controlled member for operating the locking means to release the button. </p>
<p> 8. A game registering cabinet including a game number tering dial, a lever for imparting a step by step movement to the dial, a spring for operating the dial in opposit-ion to the lever, a release dog for holding the dial against operation of the spring, and a master-controlled element mounted for rotation in either direction and oppositely connected to the lever and to the release dog. </p>
<p> 9. A game registering cabinet including a time registering device, a game number registering device, a series of scoring devices, a ball locking frame, a push button for opera- In testimony whereof We aflix our signatures in presence of two Witnesses. </p>
<p> HERMAN E. SCHMIDT. MATTHEW W. ARENS. lVitnesses D. W. GOULD, BENNETT S. JONES. </p>
<p> Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-362572-A
|
US-362572D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2431604
| 1887-05-10
| null | 1887-05-10
|
30/269.
| null |
B26B13/28
| null |
Feedebick clatjss
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p> IF. OLAUSS. </p>
<p>' SH'EARS. </p>
<p>No. 362,572 Patented May 10, 1887. </p>
<p>I llVVE/VTOR a, </p>
<p>wmvEssm- UNITED STATES PATENT QE IcE. </p>
<p>FREDERICK GLAUSS, OF ELIZABETH, NE\V JERSEY. </p>
<p>SHEARS. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 362,572, dated May 10, 1887. </p>
<p>Application filed January 28, 1887. Serial No. 225,782. (No model.) </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern.- </p>
<p> Be it known that l, FREDERICK CLAUss, of Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Shears, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. </p>
<p> My invention relates to that class of shears or scissors in which the cutting-blades are held against each other by means of aspring acting upon a loose bolt'at the pivot-joint of the blades. I </p>
<p> The object of my invention is to produce a uniform pressure between the blades at their cutting-edges. </p>
<p> The invention consists in the combination of the cutting-blades with a pivot-pin passing loosely through the cutting-blades anda'springplate held on one end of the said pivot-pin and pressing against one cutting-blade. </p>
<p> Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures. </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a side elevation ofa pair of shears provided with my improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of part of the same on the lines 00 m of Fig. 1. Fig. at is a plan view of the pivotpin. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 7 is a face view of the spring:plate. Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the same on the lines y y of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is an enlarged crosssectional view of the same on the lines 2 z of Fig. 7. </p>
<p> Through the shear-blades A and B passes at their pivot-joint the pivot-pin O, which is not rigidly connected to either blade, and is provided with the head 0, the shank O and the flat head 0, which is cut under to form a shoulder, G. </p>
<p> The spring D is formed of one piece of steel and is provided in its center with a slot, D, corresponding in size to the flat head (3 of the pivot-pin C. At right angles to the slot D, and at each side of the same, is formed a depression or indentation, D", in which is held and rests the flat head 0 when the several parts are adjusted and in their proper places. The spring D, which is preferably in the shape of .a disk, is also provided with a number of radial slots, D which commence at the periphery and extend inwardly a suitable distance, and then join a circular slot, D, which terminates about halfway between the two succeeding radial slots D The two corresponding slots D and D* form a prong or flap, D which is bent inwardly, as shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9. </p>
<p> The several parts are put together by first passing the pivot-pin 0 through the blades A and B at their pivot and by then placing the spring D, with its prong D held inwardly, on the head 0 so that the latter passes through the slot D. The spring D is then given one quarter-turn, so that the flat head rests in the indentations D" on the outside of the spring D and the prongs or, flaps D rest with their free ends on the blade A. The spring D is now locked on the pivot-pin O, and bears upon the blade A at several points which are equidistant from the center of the pivot-pin G. The spring D presses against the flat head 0 of the pivot-pin O and against the blade A, </p>
<p>Having thus described my invention, I'clainr as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent The combination, with apair of shear-blades, of a pivot-pin provided on one end with a head resting against one shear-blade and on its other end with a fiat head forming a shoulder, and a spring having a central slot for the passage of the said fiat head, and indentations for the retention of the said flat head, the said spring also provided with inwardly-extending prongs resting on one of the said shear-blades, substantiall y as herein shown and described. </p>
<p> FREDERICK OLAUSS. Witnesses: </p>
<p>CHAS. NIDE, E. F. DREWSEN. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2527054-A
|
US-5334748-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
21983576
| 1950-10-24
| 1948-10-07
| 1950-10-24
|
139/8.
|
D03D39/02
|
D03D39/02
|
BLANCHARD WILLIAM A
|
Nose board for axminster looms
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Oct. 24, 1950 w. A. BLANCHARD 2,527,054 </p>
<p>NOSE BOARD FOR AXMINSTER LOOMS Filed Oct. 7, 1948 INVENTOR WILLIAM ABLANCHARD. </p>
<p>6m. FM </p>
<p>ATTORNEY. </p>
<p>Patented Oct. 24, 1950 NOSE BOARD FOR AXMINSTER LOOMS William A. Blanchard, Millbury, 'Mass assignor to Crompton & Knowles Loom Works, Worcester, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Application October '7, 1948, Serial No. 53,347 </p>
<p>11 Claims. </p>
<p> This invention relates to improvements in nose boards for Axminster looms and it is the general object of the invention to provide a nose board having laminations which are bonded together, as by copper or silver brazing, and are so related as to provide slots to receive the dents of the loom reed and also provide tuft yarn guiding teeth or noses. </p>
<p> A form of Axminster loom which has gone into general use employs a nose board having a plurality of rearwardly extending hook shaped teeth spaced from each other to define slots which receive reed dents and isepara'tor plates forming part of a yarn controlling mechanism of the loom. In the past these nose boards have consisted of aligned units each made of a single piece of metal and their manufacture has been very expensive because of breakage of the thin saws which cut the slots and the timerequired for the slot cutting operation. </p>
<p> It is an important object of the present invention to reduce the cost of the nose board unit and the time required for its manufacture by bonding together a series of flat metallic hook or nose plates alternating with fiat metallic spacer plates. The latter are shorter than the nose plates to provide the slots required for the reed dents. </p>
<p> It is another objectof the invention to provide an improved method of making the nose board wherein fiat nose and spacer plates are arranged parallel to each. other and alternately on one or more rods or bolts which extend transversely through the plates. These rods extend beyond the group of plates and carry nuts which permit forcing of the assembled. plates against each other in the relative positions they will ultimately occupy in the loom. .When thus assembled the nose and spacer plates arebonded to each other and to the rods by a brazing. operation in a furnace. nuts-thereon are then removed sothe nose board will have smooth flat end surfaces, thus permitting several boards to be arranged close to each other end to end on the loom.- </p>
<p>will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and set forth. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, wherein a convenient embodiment of the invention is set forth, </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a side elevation of part of an Axminster loom having the invention applied thereto, </p>
<p>The extending ends of the rods and the v With these and other objects in view which warp sheds. </p>
<p>certain parts of the loom being shown in section, V Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view looking in the direction of arrow 2 showing one of thenose board units, parts of the latter being broken away, 7 Figs. 3 and 4 are enlarged vertical transverse sections on lines 33 and 4 4, respectively, Fig. 2, I </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical section on line 5-5, Fi 2, H Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view showing the relation of one nose plate and one spacer plate relatively to one of the connector rods and the tuft yarn guiding plates of the loom, 1 </p>
<p> Fig. '7 and 8 are perspective views, respectively, of the nose and spacer plates or members, and </p>
<p> Fig. 9 is a plan view of the nose board unit as it appears after the bonding operation. </p>
<p> Referring particularly to Fig. 1, the m frame 10 has a breast beam H over which thefabric F passes towarda take-up mechanism not shown. The warp threads W pass through harness frames 12 and through a reed R having reed dents l3 and carried by the lay Hi. Mounted in front of thelay is a set of tuft yarn guide plates l5 movable about an axis it by a cam controlled rod I'I. These guide plates are normally in a forward position to the left of that shown in Fig. 1, but are projected rearwardly so that they can align with the reed dents :3 of the reed during a tuft forming operation. </p>
<p>rived from a tube frame it which is controlled in usual manner to dip the yarns through the A needle 59 lays a shot of weft behind the yarnsY and the reed then beats this shot and the tuft yarns forwardly over the rear part of a nose board designated generally at N. In practice, the nose board is made of a number of aligned nose board units extending across the loom and held in place as described hereinafter. </p>
<p>The matter thus far described, except for the details of the nose board N, are usual as to their construction and operation and may be as set forth in prior Patent No. 1,958,129 issued to Dacey and Robertson. </p>
<p>number of fiat plates assembled side by side and then preferably bonded together in a cooper or silver brazing operation. </p>
<p> In carrying the invention into effect there are provided a number of nose plates 25 and spacer or separator plates 26. Referring particularly to Fig. '7, each nose plate is made of flat sheet metal, such as steel, and has a straight top edge 30 along which the fabric F travels when the nose board is placed in the loom. At the rear of the nose plate 25 there is formed an upstanding hook 3| the rear part of which leads to a curved surface 32 along which a tuft yarn will be drawn during the tuft forming operation. Curved surface 32 is on a nose 33 shaped substantially as shown in Fig. 7, and the rear under edge 34 of the plate 25 is inclined downwardly and forwardly to a vertical shoulder 35 located at the right of a straight under edge 35 which may be parallel to the top edge 30. From a second shoulder 31 at the left end of the bottom edge 36 an inclined edge 38 leads upwardly and forwardly. As shown in Fig. 7 the nose plate 25 has relatively wide front and back parts 39 and 46, respectively. The forward wide part 39 has a perforation 4| therein while the rear wide part 40 is provided with a similar perforation 42. A relatively narrow part or section 43 of plate 25 is located between the wide parts 39 and 46 over a downwardly opening notch 44 between the shoulders 35 and 31. All of the nose plates 25 required for a unit will be alike and substantially as shown in Fig. '7. </p>
<p> Each flat spacer or separator plate 26, see Fig. 8, has a top edge 45 similar to top edges 36 of the nose plates. The spacer plate has a bottom edge 46 corresponding to the bottom edge 36 of the nose board. The spacer plate 26 is provided with a rear widened part 41 the bottom of which is inclined forwardly and downwardly as at 48. The front or left end of the spacer plate as viewed in Fig. 8 is provided with a second widened part 49 having a forwardly and upwardly inclined bottom edge 50. The front wide part 49 is provided with a perforation while the rear widened part 41 is provided with a second perforation 52. An intermediate section 53 and notch 54 of the spacer plate are similar to section 43 and notch 44 of the nose plate. </p>
<p> The distance between the perforations 4| and 42 of a nose plate 25 is the same as the distance between the perforations 5| and 52 of a spacer plate, and these perforations are both at the same distance below the top edges of their corresponding plates, so that when the front perforations 4| and 5| are aligned and the rear perforations 42 and 52 are aligned the top edges 30 and 45, and the bottom edges 36 and 46, and also the bottom edges 38 and 50 will align. The under edge 48 of each spacer plate, however, will preferably be parallel to but at a higher level than the corresponding inclined under edges 34 of the adjacent nose plates, and the rear end 55 of each spacer plate will be located considerably forward of the hooks 3| and noses 33. This latter relationship is shown in Fig. 6. The reason for having the inclined bottom edge 48 at a higher level than that of the edge 34 is to provide a slot 56 for a guide plate I5. </p>
<p> In order to facilitate movement of the guide plates l5 the under forward curved edge 51 of the nose 33 ma be beveled or chamfered as at 58. This chamfering will be located on a part of the nose plate 25 which is not overlapped by the spacer plate 26 when the latter is aligned with the nose plate as already described. The chamfered edge 58 may be formed either at the same time the nose plate 25 is punched out, or formed in a subsequent operation. </p>
<p> After the requisite number of nose and spacer plates for a unit U have been provided they will be assembled in alternation in side by side order with their corresponding front and back perforations aligned. An elongated preferably steel member 60, which may be formed as a rod, is passed through aligned holes 4| and 5| and have its screw threaded ends 6| project beyond the sides of the group of nose and spacer plates. A similar rod 62 is then passed through the aligned perforations 42 and 52. Each of the rods 60 and 62 will have nuts or the like 63 threaded onto the projecting ends thereof, and the nuts will then be tightened so that the plates 25 and 25 will be forced into close contact with each other. </p>
<p> When thus assembled the parts of the unit are bonded together in a furnace by a brazing metal, such as copper or silver, or similar metal. The brazing metal is placed over the top of the assembled plates and as it melts it passes down between the plates and around the rods, forming a metallic bond designated at 65 in Figs. 3 and 4. The bonding metal not only unites adjacent surfaces of the plates to each other, but also establishes firm holding connection between the rods 66 and 62 and the plates through which they pass. In order that the bonding between the rods and the plates may be strong the rods should have a close fit with the perforations in the plates. </p>
<p> During the brazing operation the nuts 63 are likely to be bonded to the adjacent plates engaging them. After the brazing operation has been completed and the unit has cooled to room temperature the projecting ends 6| of the rods and the nuts on them will be removed so that the ends of the unit will have smooth fiat sLu'faces, thus permitting several nose board units to be arranged side by side in close order on the loom. </p>
<p> When the nose board is made as set forth herein the hooks 3| and noses 33 will project rearwardly beyond the rear ends 55 of the spacer plates to define slots 16 for the reception of the reed dents l3 and guide plates l5. If there is any distortion of the unit due to the heating operation this can be corrected in a straightening press to align all of the noses 33 before the unit is put in the loom. Also, if it is desired that the plate have a perfectly smooth top surface to engage the under part of the fabric F the upper edges 36 and 45 and any brazing metal present may be removed in a grinding or similar operation. When the proper amount of brazing metal is used there will be no excess of it present on the surface of the unit, or in the slots 56, but if such excess should exist it can be readily removed. </p>
<p> Either before or after removal of the nuts 62 and 63, but after the brazing or bonding operation the nose plate will have drilled vertically therethrough holes 1| counterbored at 12 to receive holding screws or bolts 13 which are tapped into the breast beam H, see Fig. l. The holes 1| will ordinarily be of a diameter greater than the width of either a nose or spacer plate and will out certain of the plates into front and rear parts which will. however, be held in fixed position by the bonding metal. As shown in Fig. 9 the holes 1| are located between the metal rods 66 and 62 and do not sever the latter. The holes are preferably located between the front and rear widened parts of the nose and spacer plates, and will ordinarily extend through that part of the nose plate intermediate the shoulders 35 and 31 of the nose plates. The nose board is also provided with a perforation to receive a placing pin (not shown) on the breast beam. Perforation is about the diameter of holes or perforations H and will be drilled after the bonding operation. </p>
<p> It has been found that a nose board made as set forth hereinbefore will have its noses 33 and the spaces 10 between them accurately spaced without requiring any substantial straightening operation subsequent to the brazing. If the plate is to be used in an Axminster loom weaving seven tufts to the inch measured across the loom, the spaces or slots 10 will need to be separated from each other by and this spacing is attained by selecting the correct thicknesses for the nose and spacer plates. </p>
<p> From the foregoing it will be seen that the invention sets forth a nose board comprising two types of plates which are strung in alternation on rods or the like 60 and 62. The nose board has its component parts bonded together by a brazing metal which not only unites adjacent faces of the nose and spacer plates, but also unites the latter to the rods. It will further be seen that the lower edges 48 of the spacer plates are at a higher level than are the edges 34 of the nose plates, the purpose of this relation being to define guide slots 56 for the tops of the guide plates IS. The invention also sets forth a method for making the nose board wherein the nose and spacer plates are assembled on the rods and forced together by clamp means, such as nuts 63, and then submitted to a brazing operation,-after which the nuts on the rods and those parts of the latter which project beyond the ends of the nose board unit are removed. During the heating operation the plates and 26 are held together by the rods as a self supporting unit not reouiring holding fixtures or the like. The perforations H and. 15 are dr lled after the brazing operation, and even thou h certain of the nose and spacer plates are cut in two arts the latter will be held by the bonding. The Axminster nose plate as set forth herein is very much cheaper than nose plates heretofore produced, and when the brazing and sub eouent cooling o erations are properly carried out there is little or no distortion of the noses 33, and with but few inexpensive finishing operations the nose board can be placed in a loom as it is taken from the furnace. </p>
<p> Having thus described the invention it will be seen that changes and modifications of the foregoing specific disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. </p>
<p>What is claimed as new is: </p>
<p> 1. In a nose board for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat parallel nose plates each having a tuft yarn guiding nose at the rear end thereof, a plurality of fiat parallel spacer plates, said plates arranged side by side and the nose plates alternating with the spacer plates, the rear ends of the spacer plates terminating forward of the noses of the nose plates, and means holding said plates in fixed position relatively to each other. </p>
<p> 2. In a nose board for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat parallel nose plates each having a tuft yarn guiding nose at the rear end thereof, a plurality of fiat parallel spacer plates, said plates arranged side by side and the nose plates alternating with the spacer plates, the rear ends of the spacer plates terminating forward of noses of the nose plates, and means including an elongated member transverse of said plates holding the latter in fixed position relatively to each other. </p>
<p> 3. In a nose board for an Axminster loom provided with reeddents, a plurality of metallic parallel flat nose plates alternating with metallic parallel flat spacer plates, the nose plates projecting beyond the spacer plates and the latter spacing the nose plates to define slots to receive the reed dents, and elongated metallic means extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, the nose and spacer plates being secured to each other and to the elongated means by a bonding metal. </p>
<p> 4. In a nose board unit for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat parallel nose plates each provided at the rear end thereof with a hook and a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of parallel spacer plates alternating with the nose plates and the rear ends of which terminate forward of the hooks and noses of said nose plates, elongated means extending transversely through said nose and spacer plates aligning said plates to form the nose board unit, and means holding said nose and spacer plates and elongated means in fixed position with respect to each other. </p>
<p> 5. In a nose board for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat steel plates each formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose at the rear end thereof, a plurality of fiat steel spacer plates alternating with the nose plates, elongated steel means extending transversely through said nose and spacer plates and holding the spacer plates in such position that the rear ends thereof are forward of the noses of the nose plates, and a bonding metal securing said nose and spacer plates to each other and to said elongated steel means to hold all parts of the nose board in rigid position with respect to each other. </p>
<p> 6. In a nose board for an Axminster loom provided with reed dents and a set of spaced tuft yarn guide plates, a plurality of fiat nose plates each having at the rear end thereof a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flat spacer plates alternating with the nose plates, the rear ends of the spacer plates terminating forward of the. </p>
<p>noses of the nose plates, both the nose and spacer plates having bottom edges which are inclined downwardly and forwardly from the rear ends thereof, the inclined bottom edges of the nose plates projecting below the bottom inclined edges of the spacer plates to define guide slots for said tuft yarn guiding plates, elongated means extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, and means holding said nose and spacer plates and elongated means in fixed relation with respect to each other with the rear ends of the nose plates spaced from each other rearwardly of the spacer plates to form slots for said reed dents. </p>
<p> 7. In a nose board for an Axminster loom provided with reed dents and yarn guiding plates, a plurality of fiat nose plates each provided at the rear end thereof with a hook and a tuft yarn engaging nose, each nose plate having a bottom edge inclined downwardly and forwardly from the nose thereof, a plurality of fiat spacer plates alternating with the nose plates, each spacer plate having the rear end thereof terminating forward of the hooks and noses of adjacent nose plates, and each spacer plate having a lower edge inclined downwardly and forwardly from the rear end thereof above said inclined bottom edges of the nose plates to define guide slots for said yarn guiding plates, and means holding said plates in fixed relation with respect to each 7 other with the rear ends of the nose plates projecting rearwardly of the spacer plates and separated by slots to receive said reed dents. </p>
<p> 8. In a nose board for an Axrninster loom provided with a set of tuft yarn guiding plates and a reed having dents, a plurality of flat metallic nose plates each provided at the rear end thereof with a hook and a yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flat metallic spacer plates alternating with said nose plates and having their rear ends terminating forward of the hooks and noses of the nose plates, the lower edges of the nose plates projecting below the lower edges of the spacer plates to define guide slots for said tuft yarn guiding plates, elongated metallic means extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates to align the latter, and a bonding metal securing the nose and spacer plates to each other and to said elongated metallic means with the rear ends of the nose plates projecting rearwardly beyond the rear ends of the spacer plates to define slots for said reed dents. </p>
<p> 9. In a nose board for an Axniinster loom having a breast beam and reed dents, a plurality of flat metallic nose plates the rear end of each of which is formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flat metallic spacer plates alternating with the nose plates and having the rear ends thereof terminating forward of said noses, elongated metallic members extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, and a bonding metal securing said nose and spacer plates to each other and to said elongated metallic members, said nose board having perforations therethrough parallel to said plates to receive means for attachment thereof to said breast beam, said perforations measured laterally of the plates being wider than the width of either a spacer or a nose plate, said bonding metal holding those parts of the nose and spacer plates which are in front of and behind said perforations in fixed position relativel; to the nose board. </p>
<p> 10. In a nose board for an Axminster loom hav ing a breast beam and reed dents, a plurality of fiat metallic nose plates the rear end of each of which is formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flat metallic spacer plates alternating with the nose plates and having their rear ends terminating forward of said noses, elongated metallic members spaced from each other in the direction of the length of said plates and extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, and a bonding metal securing said nose and spacer plates to each other and to said elongated metallic means, said nose board having perforations therethrough parallel to said plates to receive means for attachment thereof to said breast beam, said perforations measured lateral- 1y of the plates being wider than the width of either a spacer or a nose plate and said perforations extending through the nose board at some part of the latter other than the parts thereof through which the elongated metallic members extend, said bonding metal holding those parts of the nose and spacer plates which are in front of and behind said perforations in fixed position relativel to the nose board. </p>
<p> 11. In a nose board for an Axminster loom having a breast beam and reed dents, a plurality of flat metallic nose plates the rear end of each of which is formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of fiat metallic spacer plates alternating with and in side by side engagement with the nose plates and having their rear ends terminating forward of said noses, elongated metallic members spaced from each other in the direction of the length of said plates and extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, and a bonding metal securing said nose and spacer plates to each other and to said elongated metallic members, said nose board having perforations therethrough spaced from said elongated members to receive means for attachment of the nose board to said breast beam. </p>
<p>WILLIAM A. BLANCHARD. </p>
<p>REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,224,592 Brown Dec. 10, 19 .0 2,280,931 Schuh Apr. 28, 1912 2,293,561 Robb Aug. 18, 1242 2,458,427 Russell et .al. Jan. 4, 1949 </p>
</div>
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en
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US-1943576-A
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US-37884829-A
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US
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A
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A
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23494788
| 1934-01-16
| 1929-07-17
| 1934-01-16
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200/48.KB
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H01R39/64
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H01H1/16
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ANDERSON ERNEST E
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Two insulator high tension switch
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en
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<div>
<p>Jan. 16, 1934. E. E'. ANDERSON TWO INSULATORK HIGH TENSION SWITCH 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 17. 1929 il il. a. 23| D. f </p>
<p> N 5| u W N 7m Jain. 163 1934. E E, ANDERSON 1,943,576 </p>
<p>TWO INSULATOR HIGH TENSION SWITCH 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 17, 1929 Jan. 16, 1934. E. E. ANDERSON 1,943,576 </p>
<p>' TWOHINSULATOR HIGH TENSION SWITCH Filed July 17. 1929 4 sheets-sheet s. </p>
<p>Jan. 16, 19341 E. E. ANDERSON TWO INSULATOR HIGH TENSIO SWITCH Filed July 17. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 lzVEr'z/Er" frnesl dnclesom Patented Jan. 16, 1934 UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE 28 Claims. </p>
<p> This invention relates in general to aswitch for opening and closing an electrical circuit, and more particularly to a vertical break, two insulator, high tension, disconnecting switch. </p>
<p> In the past, disconnecting switches for use in high tension switching have been supplied by manufacturers, for mounting with their bases vertical, or horizontal in which case the'insulators are either above the base or underslung below the base. With switches of this type the maintenance is very high as each type of mounting constitutes a different switch, which could not be adapted for a different mounting without the use of additional parts. In cases of emergency, this is a very undesirable condition as it is common practice to move electrical equipment from one locatio'n to another. For example, if a'switch were mounted in one position at a given location and it was desired to move it to another location where it would have to be mounted in a dierent position; it could not be mounted in the new location without the addition of new parts. </p>
<p>Another objection to disconnecting switches, </p>
<p>` as they are presently made, is to the construction of the contacts. In the usual form, the contact is made between ground surfaces which soon get out of alignment, with the result that the original surface contact becomes a line or point contact and the ampere carrying capacity is Vgreatly decreased. In order to adapt the usual contact for outdoor service, where extreme weather conditions are met with, it becomes necessary to provide sleet hoods or other means for protecting the contacts to assure the operation of the switch. </p>
<p> In the operation of high potential disconnecting switches, it often becomes necessary to open them under load. Due to the relatively small interrupting capacity of such switches and their slow speed of opening, the contacts become damaged from the arc which is established when the contacts begin to open. </p>
<p> Where the arc is broken between contacts in a hermetically sealed tube containing an arc extinguishing fluid, it has been a difcult problem to iind a satisfactory way of sealing the tube into the end ferrules and making a nal seal after the fluid is put into the tube. A tube of this type is subjected to extreme temperatures and pressure with the result that the glass either breaks where it is sealed into the ferrules or the tube leaks around the naLsealing plug. </p>
<p> It is an object of this invention to provide a disconnecting switch which is adapted for mounting in any position simply by a reassembly of the switch parts without the necessity of adding new parts. </p>
<p> It is. another object of this invention to provide a full iloating contact, which will be self aligning, have a multiplicity of positive contact points and maintain its ampere carrying capacity over a long period of time, and adapted for outdoor or indoor use. </p>
<p> It is also an object of this invention to provide a disconnecting switch which will open the 55 electrical circuit in a very short period of time; the circuit being initially opened by a switch blade which carries the main current, and finally by a fluid switching unit which carries the secondary current and is in parallel with the switch blade. A' </p>
<p> It is a further object of this invention to improve the method for sealing the container which encloses the contact mechanism and which is filled with an arc extinguishing fluid. </p>
<p> Other and important objects of this invention will be apparent from the disclosures in the specification and the accompanying drawings. </p>
<p> This invention in a preferred form is illustrated in the drawings and hereinafter more fully described. </p>
<p>On the drawings: </p>
<p> Figure 1 is an elevational view including partial sections through the duid break switch. </p>
<p> Figure 2 is an elevational view showing the 85 switch mounted in a horizontal and vertical plane. </p>
<p>Figure 3 is a plan view of the switch. </p>
<p> Figure 4 is an elevational view showing the switch mounted in a horizontal plane with the insulators beneath the base. </p>
<p> Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing the locking means and contact in section. </p>
<p> Figure 6 is an elevational view of the fluid break switch having broken away sections showing the position of the contact elements when the switch is mounted in an underslung position. </p>
<p> Figure 'I is an elevational view of the fluid break switch having broken away sections showing the position of the contact elements when the switch is mounted in a vertical position. </p>
<p> Figure 8 is an enlarged transverse section through the fluid break switch, line VIII- VIII in Figure 6. </p>
<p> Figure 9 is an enlarged transverse section 105 through the contact of the air break Switch taken on line IX-D in Figure 4. </p>
<p> Figure 10 is a view showing the concentric lgrooves around the sealing hole and on the sealing screw. </p>
<p> Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary section through the final sealing means. </p>
<p> Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the Adetails of the iloating mounting of the switch blade contact support casting, taken substantially on line XII-XII of Figure 5. </p>
<p>As shown on the drawings: </p>
<p> The disconnecting switch, as a whole, is shown in Figure 1 mounted in a horizontal position with the insulators above a mounting base 1. Insulator pins 2, which support the-conventional type of high tension insulator 3, are secured to the top of the mounting base near its ends, by means of bolts 4 which extend through the base of the insulator pin, the mounting base, and a plate 5. This plate makes it possible to secure the cap end of the insulator to the mounting base,- by means of the cap bolts 6, when the disconnecting switch is mounted in the underslung position as shown in Figure 4. In the mounting shown in Figure 1, a hinge terminal casting 7 is secured to the insulator cap by the cap bolts 6, and includes a lug 8, which is drilled for terminal conection to the power line, and the stationary member 9 of the switch blade hinge. The movable member of the hinge comprises a casting 10, which is pivotally secured, by means of the pivot pin 11, to the stationary hinge member 9, and is bored and threaded to receive a blade bar, or tube 12, which is clamped therein, by means of a clamping bolt 13. 'I'he electrical circuit is completed around the hinge by the ilexible conductor 14 which is secured by the bolt 15 to the stationary member of the hinge and by the bolt 16 to the lug 17 forming an integral part of the casting 10. It is therefore apparent that by using this construction, blade bars of varying length may be used; the hinge terminal casting and the blade hinge casting with its fiexible connector being common to voltages from 7500 to 73000 volts. For higher voltages castings of heavier construction would be used. The blade bar 12 is shown as being circular in design, but may be of any shape or form depending upon the amount of current it must carry and the mechanical strength required. </p>
<p> The contact end of the blade bar 12 is threadedly secured to a forked casting 18 and securely clamped by means of a clamping bolt 19. This casting 18 carries a full oating contact support casting 20, Figure 5, and a switch lock 21 having a pull ring 22 on its upper endand a latch dog 23 on its lower end, which engages with a contact casting 24. 'Ihe switch lock 21 is pivotally secured to depending lugs 25 of the forked casting 18, by means of a pin 26. The switch blade end of the casting 18 is drilled to receive a cylindrical member 27 having inserted therein for longitudinal movement a plunger 28, which is forced outwardly by a spring 29, against the switch lock 21, which will be rotated in a clockwise direction until the stop pin 30 strikes against the lower edge of said casting 18. This switch lock will therefore lock the switch blade in a closed position and prevent the switch from being forced open by a short circuit. </p>
<p> The full floating contact support casting 20 is fioatingly supported in the forked casting 18, as shown in Figure 12, by means of pin 31 and the pin 32a, the ends of which extend into oversize holes in the prongs of the fork casting. The longitudinal movement of the pin 32a is limited by short bolts 32 which are threaded into the oversize holes and abut against the ends of said pin. The electrical circuit is completed from the contact support casting to the forked casting by means of a flexible conductor 33, which is solidly bolted to the respective castings by bolts 34, 32 and 35. Integral with the contact support casting 20 is a projection 36 which is drilled and tapped to receive either the contact sheath 37 or the contact plunger 38. This interchangeability gives a contact, thoroughly housed against weather in all positions in which a switch is usually mounted. l 'Ihe contact casting 24 is secured to the insulator by the cap bolts 6 and is drilled and tapped to receive either the contact plunger 38 as shown in Figure 5 or the contact sheath 37. An integral lug 39, which is similar to the lug 8, is drilled for terminal connection to the power line. </p>
<p> The female member of the contact comprises a sheath 37 having a plurality of sockets 40 for receiving conducting spheres 4l, which are backed up by connector straps 42 solidly fastened to one end of the sheath by screws 43. These conductor straps are enclosed by a cylindrical close wound coil spring 44, which exerts spring pressure on the spheres, forcing them to the bot- .tom of their respective sockets where their further movement is arrested by an inturned edge of the socket. It will be noted that in this position the spheres project slightly past the inner wall of the sheath and make contact with the contact plunger 38. The entrance end of the contact sheath engages with an end member 37a containing a tapered orifice, which forms a guide for the contact plunger as it enters the female member of the contact. The contact sheath is enclosed by a cylindrical tube 45 which is securely fastened by means of the screws 46; at one end to the sheath and at the other to the end member 37a, thereby holding said end member in engagement with said sheath. This cylindrical tube therefore protects the contact mechanism from the weather elements. It is to be observed that when the contact plunger enters the contact sheath, it forces the conducting spheres outwardly against the connector straps, which in turn are forced firmly against the enclosing spring; this spring being free to weave or iioat together with the connector straps and spheres. The result is that each sphere is under spring pressure and forms a pressure contact between each sphere and the contact plunger as well as between each sphere and its connector strap. The spheres being free to roll or float in their respective sockets, a wiping contact is secured, thus insuring a multiplicity of clean contact points each of which has a deflnite current carrying capacity. The capacity of the contact is therefore proportional to the number of points of contact, and permits a definite current rating to be given the contact. </p>
<p> By the use of the full oating contact support, the plunger is reciprocally or laterally withdrawn from the contact sheath by the rotary motion of the switch blade about its hinge pivot. The full floating contact support permits the plunger to freely assume its position with reference to the full floating contact spheres, connector straps and the cylindrical close wound coil spring in the contact sheath. 'I'his feature compensates for any misalignment of the switch parts and the point of contact of each sphere is assured. </p>
<p> A iiuid switching unit is supported on one end by a projecting arm 46 which is integral with the hinge casting 10, and on the other by a rotatable link 47 pivotally secured by -a pin 47a to the contact casting 24. The respective ends of the Iiuid switching unit are designated by A and B. A supporting and terminal casting is provided at the A end of the fluid switching unit comprising an annular ring 48 and depending arm 49 pivotally secured to the arm 46 by means of a bolt 50. The B end of the fluid switching unit has a similar supporting and terminal casting consisting of an annular ring 51 with a similar depending arm 52 pivotally secured to the link47 by means of a bolt 53. Solidly bolted connections are provided at each end respectively by a flexible conductor 54 having one end secured to the arm 49 and the other to the arm 46 by the screw 55; and a flexible conductor 56 having one end secured to the arm 52 and'the other to the contact casting 24 by one of the cap bolts 6. The contact mechanism is hermetically sealed within a tube 57, preferably of a vitreous material but not necessarily, which is lled with an arc extinguishing fluid (not shown on the drawings). Each end of the tube is sealed into a ferrule 58, the outer end of which is closed, having an outwardly extending flange. </p>
<p>which engages the annular ring of its,a.ssociated supporting andlterminal casting and is secured thereto by means of screws 59. The ferrule on the end B is drilled and tapped to receive the hermetic sealing screw 60, Figure 11. The base and seat of this screw are provided with concentric grooves (Figure 10) so that when the screw is tightened against a soft metal washer 61 the grooves will cut into the washer and form a hermetic seal. A bracket 62 is secured by a screw 63 to the closed end of the ferrule 58 on the A end of the tube and by a screw 64 to an insulating bar 65 which supports a series of gaps in the arc extinguishing fluid; the bracket making electrical contact with the terminal side of the last gap. The other end of the insulating bar is free to move longitudinally on a guide pin 66 when expanded or contracted by a change in temperature. The guide pin is secured to the closed end of the ferrule 58 of the B end of the tube and slidably engages the end of the bar 65. A flexible connector 65a completes the electrical circuit from the terminal side of the last gap to the-closed end of the ferrule 58. A plurality of castings 67 made of a conducting material are secured to the insulating bar by the screws 68, Figure 8, and spaced so as to form a series of gaps. Conducting spheres 69 of a non-magnetic material are disposed for closing the gaps and are free to -move into sockets 70 parallel to the fix longitudinal axis of the tube or sockets 71 at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tube; such movement opening the gaps and consequently breaking the electrical circuit through the tube. DueA to the arc extinguishing uid in the tube, the spheres will move into and out of the sockets with plunger like action The spheres make a point contact with the contact surface of the ,gaps. In the closed position of the gaps the arc extinguishing uid closely surrounds the point contact and since a sphere may be moved thru a uid with the least amount of disturbance of the duid, it is evident that as the spheres begin to move away from the contact surfaces the `arc extinguishing fluid instantly lls the gaps and prevents any arc from forming. </p>
<p> While the drawings show only one hermetically sealed tube mounted upon the disconnect- ,ing switch, it is not proposed to limit this invention to the use of one tube as it is contemplated that a number of tubes having their contact points in series might be mounted in parallel or the tube might be constructed with several rows of contacts within vone tube, the contacts being arranged electrically, either in series or multiple depending upon the amount of current which it is desired to carry. </p>
<p> Figures 2 and 4 show the switch of my invention mounted in various positions upon a sus taining structure.` The various parts of the switch, which it would be necessary to reassemble in order to adapt the switch for operation in the respective positions, are clearly shown in these figures. For example, assuming the switch to be originally mounted in the horizontal position as shown in Figure 2, the switch parts are assembled as shown more clearly in Figure l. In this position, the tube 57 is mounted with its B end adjacent the blade contact and its A end adjacent the pivoted end of the blade. The iemale contact member is carried by the blade, and the male contact member mounted on insulator 3. </p>
<p> If it is now desired to transfer the horizontally mounted switch to a location wherein it will be in a vertical position as shown in Figure 2, </p>
<p>the only changes necessary to adapt the switch to the vertical mounting are to turn the tube 57 end for end so that the A end is adjacent the blade contact rather than the B end, and interchange the male and female contact members. </p>
<p> In changing from the vertical mounting shown in Figure 2 to the underslung mounting as shown in Figure 4, the insulators 3 3 are turned end for end and the tube 57 is rotated 180 degrees about its longitudinal axis. It is thus evident that the switch may be readily adapted for any mounting by simply reassembling a few parts. Enlarged views of the tube 57 are shown in Figures 1, 6 and 7 with cut-out portions, the tubes being disposed in their relative positions to correspond to the switch mountings as shown in Figures 2 and 4. </p>
<p> The operation of the switch, when mounted in the horizontal position with the insulators above the base, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. from completely closed position to completely open, land from completely open to completely closed is as follows: The switch is opened by mserting a switch hook into the ring 22 of the switch lock. A rm'pull upwardly and toward the hinge end of the switch, will uniatch the switch lock and pull the switch blade out of contact, swinging the switch blade about the pivot pin 11 to the 90 degrees open position. To describe the movement of the luid switching unit, A </p>
<p>while the switch blade is being opened, it is best to divide the movement of the switch blade into two parts, that is, from the closed position tosubstantially 45 degrees open position, and from this position to fully open. </p>
<p>It will be observed that, when the switch blade is in circuit closed position, the tube 57 is downwardly inclined towards its B end and the spheres 69 occupy gap-closing positions, each sphere being in engagement with an upper con tact surface formed by the wall of a socket 71 and a lower contact surface formed by the wall of a socket 70. Since the sockets 70 are at this time inclined downwardly towards the gaps the spheres are held in gap-closing position by the action of gravity. Now, as-*the switch blade is swung to the 45 position, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, the lever arm 46 is moved anticlockwise to a horizontal or dead center position, this movement causing the A end of the 4 K tube 57 to travel downwardly and to the left. Simultaneously with this movement of the A end of the tube, the B end is guided by the anticlockwise movement of link 47 so that this end moves 5 downwardly and to the left. It will be observed, </p>
<p>however, that at the 45 position the downward movement of the A end of the tube has been relatively greater than the downward movement of the B end of the tube; that the tube is still slightly downwardly inclined toward its B end; and that during the above described movement of the tube the spheres 69 have remained in gapclosing position, since no forces have acted to change their position. The circuit at this time is through the fluid switching unit, since the circuit through the switch blade has already been opened; </p>
<p> Immediately upon the passage of the switch blade through its 45 position, the arm 46 is moved below its horizontal or dead center position and continues to carry the A end of the tube still further in a downward direction and at the same time causes this end to move to the right instead of to the left as when the arm 46 was approaching its dead center position. Moreover, the link 47 is now moving ina clockwisev direction which causes the B end of the tube to move upwardly and to the right. As before, it will be observed that the downward movement of the A end of the tube is relatively greater than the upward movement of the B end of the tube. </p>
<p> As a result of this change in the direction of movement of the tube 57 from left to right as the lever arm 46 passes through its horizontal or dead center position, the upper contact surfaces formed by the walls of the sockets 71 are moved away from the spheres 69 with a snap action. At the same instant, the supports for the spheres have changed. Instead ofbeing supported on both the upper and lower contact surfaces as previously, the spheres are now supported only upon the lower contact' surfaces. The motion of the tube is now such, by virtue of moving the A end downwardly and to the right and the B end upwardly and to the right, that the lower contact surfaces cause the spheres to move into the sockets 70 leaving the` gapsl fully open. Moreover, during the movement of the switch blade from the 45 position to the fully open or 90 position, the sockets 70 are rapidly and increasingly downwardly inclined from the gaps, so that the speed of movementN of the spheres into the sockets 70 is augmented by the actionof gravity. </p>
<p> The switch is closed by inserting the switch hook into the ring 22, whereupon a firm quick thrust will swing the blade into closed position where it is automatically locked by the engagement of the latch dog with the contact casting 24. Since the movement of the fluid switching unit, whenclosing the switch blade, is just the reverse of its movement during the opening of the switch blade, a detailed description of the movements of the arm 46, the link 47 and the tube 57 is not deemed necessary. </p>
<p> When the switch blade is in the fully open or position, the spheres 69 are retained at the closed ends of the sockets 70 by the action of gravity, these sockets at this time being downwardly inclined away from the gaps. This condition prevails until the switch blade has passed through the 45 position, at which time the arm 46 has also passed through its horizontal or dead center position and reversed the movement of the tube 57 from left to right, the link 47 reversing its movement from left to right simultaneously therewith. This movement of the tube gives a snap action to the right which forces the closed ends of the sockets 70 against the spheres 69 and drives them into the gaps to initially close the electrical circuit through the liquid switching unit. As the switch blade continues to move from the 45 position, the sockets are rapidly and increasingly inclined downwardly towards the gaps, thereby enabling the force of gravity to augment the speed of movement of the spheres into the gaps. In the fully closed position of the switch blade, the spheres are again held in gap closing position by the action of gravity, and the switch blade now carries the main portion of the current. </p>
<p> Switches embodying the features of this invention have been found to be particularly desirable for interrupting circuits which carry a relatively high order of current. This will be more fully appreciated when the action of the spheres and contacts are considered during the interruption of the circuit. The fact that spheres have been used enables the contacts and spheres to be separated in the arc extinguishing liquid in which they are submerged with a minimum amount of resistance, thereby enabling the gap to be opened at a relatively high speed. The resulting high speed in opening the gap enables a high interrupting capacity to be obtained, as is well known in the art. </p>
<p> As soon as the sphere begins to open the gap a thin fllm of the arc extinguishing liquid is formed. This film at rst is of low resistance and gradually increases as the gap increases and the llm of fluid becomes thicker, the result being that when the gaps are fully opened the arc extinguishing fluid in the series of gaps forms a total resistance across which is a potential drop equal to the potential of the total circuit which is being interrupted. It is therefore apparent that by introducing a suilicient number of gaps the voltage to be handled can be divided so that the potential handled by each gap falls well within the physical, chemical and thermal capacity of the electrolytic iluid. Further, the use of spherical members is advantageous in that the members are not subject to electrical magnetic stress which would be present during the rupture of heavy current. Rebounding of the spheres either in opening or closing of the switch is prevented by the plunger action of the spheres in the sockets due to the displacement of the arc extinguishing fluid. Also the action of all the spheres will be simultaneous because of the parallel relationship of the sockets. </p>
<p> The operation of the switch, when mounted in a vertical position as shown in Figure 2, from completely closed to completely open position and from completely open to completely closed again is as follows: The switch is opened by inserting a switch hook into the ring 22 of the switch blade. A drm quick pull on the switch hook unlatches the switch lock and pulls the switch blade out of contact, the blade swinging' about the pivot pin 11 to 90 open position. In </p>
<p>order, however, that the operation of the fluid switching unit may be more readily understood, the movement of the switch blade will be considered in two parts, that is, from closed position to 45 open position and from this position to fully open position. </p>
<p>` Referring to Figures 2 and 7, it will be observed that, whenthe switch blade is in cir- 15C cuit closed position, the tube 57 is downwardly inclined toward its B end and the spheres 69 occupy gap closing positions, each sphere being in engagement with an upper contact surface formed by the wall of a socket 70, and a lower` contact surface formed by the wall of a socket 7l. Since the sockets 7l are at this time inclined downwardly toward the gaps, the spheres are held in gap closing position by the action of gravity. Now, as the switch blade is swung to the 45 position, thelever arm 46 is moved clockwise to a vertical or .dead center position, this movement causing the B end of the tube 57 to travel downwardly and to the left. Simultaneously with this movement of the B end of the tube, the A end is guided by the clockwise movement vof link 47 so that this end moves downwardly and to the left. It will be observed, however, that at the 45 position, the movement to the left of the B end of the tube has been relatively greater than the movement to the left of the A end of the tube; that the tube is still slightly inclined, having almost reached a vertical position; and that during the above described movement of the tube the' spheres 69 have remained in gap closing position, since no forces have acted to change their position. The circuit at this time is through the fluid switching unit, since the circuit through the switch blade has already been opened. </p>
<p> Immediately upon the passage oi the switch blade through its 45 position, the arm 46 is moved to the left of its vertical or dead center position and continues to carry the B end of the tube still further in a direction to the left, </p>
<p> and at the same time causes this end to move upwardly instead of downwardly as when the arm 46 was approaching its dead center posiytion. lMoreover, the link 47 is now moving in an anti-clockwise direction which causes the A end of the tube to move upwardly and to the right. As before, it will be observed that the movement of the B end of the tube to the left is relatively greater than the corresponding movement of the A end of the tube'. </p>
<p> As a result of this change in the direction of movement of the tube 57 from `a downward to an upward direction as the lever arm 46 passes through its vertical or dead center position, theupper contact surfaces formed by the walls of the sockets 70 are moved away from the spheres 69 with a snap action. At the same instant lthe supports for the spheres have changed. Instead of being supported on both the upper and lower contact surfaces as previously, the spheres are now supported only upon the lower contact sur--v faces. The motion of the tube is now such, by virtue of moving the B end upwardly and to the left and the A end upwardly and to the right, that the lower contact surfaces will cause the spheres to move into the sockets 7l, leaving the gaps fully open. Moreover, during the movement of the switch blade from the 45 position to the fully open or position the sockets 71 are rapidly and increasingly downwardly inclined away from the gaps, so that the speed of movement of the spheres into the sockets 71 is augmented by the action of gravity. </p>
<p> The switch is closed by inserting the switch hook into the ring 22, whereupon a rm quick thrust will swing the blade into closed position, where it is automatically locked by the engagement of the latch dog with the contact casting 24. Since the movement of the fluid switching unit, when closing the switch blade, is just the reverse of its 4movement during the opening of the switch blade, a detailed description of the movement of arm 46, link 47 and tube 57, is not deemed necessary. </p>
<p> When the switch blade is in the fully or 90 opened position, the spheres 69 are retained at the closed ends of the sockets 7l by the action of gravity, these sockets at this time being downwardly inclined away from the gaps. This condition prevails until the switch blade has passed through the 45 position, at which time the arm 46 has also passed through its vertical or dead center position and reversed the movement of the tube 57 from a downward direction to an upward direction, the link 47 reversing its movement from a downward to upward direction simultaneously therewith. This movement gives a snap action of the tube to the right which moves the sockets 71 away from the spheres and the upper. contact surfaces of the sockets 70 into engagement with the spheres. As the switch blade continues to-move from the 45 position th'sockets 71 are rapidly and increasingly inclined downwardly toward the gaps, thereby enabling the force of gravity to augment the speed of movement of the spheres into the gaps.` In the fully closed position of the switch blade, the spheres are again held in gap closing position by the action of gravity and the switch blade carries the main portion of the current. </p>
<p> The operation of the switch, when mounted in the underslung position, as shown in Figure 4, from completely closed positionto completely open, and from completely open to completely closed position is as follows: rlhe switch is opened by means of a switch hook in the same manner las the other mountings of the switch, and for purposes of description the switch blade is likewise considered as having its movement divided into two parts; that is, from fully closed position to the 45 position, and from the 45 position to the 90 or fully open position. </p>
<p> It will be observed, that when the switch bladev is in circuit closed position, the tube 57 is downwardly inclined towards lits B end and the spheres 69 occupy gap closing positions as shown in Figure 6, each sphere being in engagement with an upper contact surface formed by the wall of a socket 71 and a lower contact surface formed by the wall of a socket 70. Since the sockets 70 are at this time inclined downwardly towards the gaps, the spheres are held in gap closing position by the action of gravity. Now, as the switch blade is swung to the 45 position, the lever arm 46 is moved clockwise to a horizontal or dead center position, this movement causing the B end of the tube 57 to travel upwardly and to the left. Simultaneously, with this movement of the B end of the tube, the A end is guided by the clockwise movement of link 47 so that this end moves upwardly and to the left. It will be observed, however, that at the 45 position the upward movement of the B end of the tube has been relatively greater than the upward movement of the A end of the tube; that the tube is still slightly downwardly inclined toward its B end; and that during the above described movement of the tube the spheres 69 have remained in gap closing position since no forces have acted to change their position. The circuit at this time is through the fluid switching unit since the circuit through the switch blade has already been opened. i Immediately upon the passage of the switch blade through its position, the arm 46 is moved above its horizontal or dead center position and continues to carry the B end of the tube still further in an upwardly direction and at the same time causes this end to move to the right instead of to the left as when the arm 46 was approaching its dead center position. Moreover, the link ..47 is now moved in an anticlockwise direction which causes the A end of the tube to move downwardly and to the right. As before, it will be observed,` movement'of the B end of the tube is relatively greater than the downward movement of the A end of the tube. </p>
<p> As a result of this change of the direction of movement of the tube57 from left to right, as the lever arm 46 passes through its horizontal or dead center position, the upper contact surfaces formed by the walls of the sockets 'Il are forced against the spheres which are thereby driven into the sockets 70. At Athe same time the upper contact surfaces move away from the spheres and the lower contact surfaces swing upwardly to meet the spheres. At the same instant the supports for the spheres have changed. Instead of being supported on both the upper and lower contact surfaces as previously, the spheres are now supported only upon the lowercontact surfaces. </p>
<p> Moreover, during the movement of the switch blade from the 45 position to the fully open or 90 position, the sockets 70 are rapidly and increasingly downwardly inclined away from the gaps, so that the speed of movement of the spheres into the sockets is augmented by the action of gravity. </p>
<p> The switch is closed in the same manner as previously described, and since the 'movement of the arm 46, link 47 and tube 57 is just the reverse of their movement in opening the Switch, their movements will not again be describedin detail. </p>
<p> When the switch is in the fully or opened position, the spheres 69 are retained at the closed ends of the sockets 70 by the action of gravity, these sockets at this time being downwardly inclined away from the gaps. This condition prevails until the switch blade has passed through the 45 position, at which time the arm 46 has also passed through its horizontal or dead center position and reversed the movement of the tube 57 from left to right, the link 47 reversing its movement from left to right simultaneously therewith. This movement gives a snap action of the tube to the right, whichA brings the upper contact surfaces formed by the Walls of the sockets '7l into engagement with the spheres. As the switch blade continues to move from the 45 position, the sockets 70 are rapidly and increasingly inclined downwardly towards the gaps, thereby enabling the force of gravity to augment the speed of movement of the spheres into the gaps. In the fully closed position of the switch blade, the spheres are again held in gap closing position by gravity and the switch blade carries the main portion of the current. </p>
<p>It is therefore evident that by the use of this invention a disconnecting switch is obtained which is adapted for mounting in any position merely by reassembling of the switch parts. </p>
<p>The switch is provided with full oating contact members which are self aligning, having a multiplicity of positive contact points. This invention also includes a disconnecting switch which may be Vopened in a very short period of time, </p>
<p> air break switch mounted for arcuate movement, an auxiliary iluid break switch floatingly mounted and having a tilting and translatory movement, said latter switch having parts arranged` to open and close a circuit therethrough in response to said movement, and </p>
<p>means connecting said air break switch to said fluid break switch for imparting said movement thereto. </p>
<p> 2. In a disconnecting switch, a sheath having a'plurality of sockets therein, contact members disposed in said sockets, resilient means encircling said sheath for retaining said members in said sockets, and a contact plunger for insertion into said said sheath for engaging said members. </p>
<p> 3. In a disconnecting switch, a female contact member comprising a sheath having a plurality of sockets therein, balls disposed in said sockets and projecting past the inner wall of said sheath, current carrying lstrips secured to one end of said sheath and in engagement with said balls, resilient means surrounding said strips for forcing said strips and balls inwardly, and a male contact member for insertion into said sheath for engaging Said bmls. </p>
<p> 4. In an electric switch, a female contact member comprising a sheath having a plurality of sockets therein, balls `disposed in said sockets and projecting past the inner wall of said sheath, current carrying strips secured to said sheath and engaging said balls, resilient means for forcing said strips and balls inwardly, and a male contact member for engaging said balls. </p>
<p> 5. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade, a movable circuit making and breaking member, said member comprising a container, a plurality of insulated conducting members insaid container, means for electrically connecting said members when said container is moved in one direction and disconnecting said members when said container is moved in another direction, and movable connecting means between said switch blade and said container for moving said container when the switch blade is moved. </p>
<p> 6. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade, a` movable circuit making and breaking member, said member comprising a container, a plurality of current carrying members having gaps therebetween, balls movable with respect to said members to close said gaps when said balls are moved in one direction and open said gaps when moved in another direction,l and means for moving said balls responsive to the movement of said blade. </p>
<p> 7. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade, a movable circuit making and breaking member, said member comprising a container, a plurality of current carrying members having gaps therebetween, said members having sockets, freely moving balls in said sockets, and means responsive to the movement of said blade for moving said conrainer to cause the balls to bridge said gaps or move into said sockets. </p>
<p> 8. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade, a movable circuit making and breaking member, said member. </p>
<p>comprising a container, an arc extinguishing fluid sealed in the container, a plurality of current carrying members having gaps therebetween, said members having sockets communieating with said gaps, freely moving balls in said sockets, and means responsive to the movement of said blade for moving said container to cause the balls to bridge saidgaps or move into said sockets. </p>
<p> 9. In a disconnecting switch including means for opening and closing a circuit, said means comprising a movable contact sheath having a plurality of sockets therein, balls disposed in said sockets, resilient means surrounding said sheath for retaining said balls in the sockets, and a stationary contact member arranged to receive the sheath thereover and make contact with said balls. </p>
<p> 10. A circuit controlling device comprising a movable support, a series of spaced contact members secured to said support and electrically insulated relative to each other, and a plurality of members oatingly associated with said contact members and adapted to simultaneously occupy an open circuit or closed-circuit position relative to said contact members depending upon the movement of said support. </p>
<p> 1l. A circuit controlling device comprising a movable support, a series of contact members secured in longitudinal alignment to said support in spaced-apart relationship, and movable Contact members for bridging the space between said contact members, said movable contact members being constrained for movement from the bridging position in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of said support and at right angles to said axis, said movement depending upon the direction in which said support is moved. </p>
<p> l2. A circuit controlling device comprising a movable support, a series of current carrying members secured in longitudinal alignment to said support in spaced-apart relationship, movable contact members for bridging the space between said current carrying members, said current carrying members being constrained for movement from the bridging position in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of said support and at right angles to said axis, said movement depending upon the position of said support, and means for moving said support in such a manner as to cause the contact members to move simultaneously. </p>
<p> 13. A switch comprising a movable support, a plurality of spaced contact members secured to said support in end to end relationship and having sockets in the adjacent ends, the sockets in one set of corresponding adjacent ends being disposed at an angle to the sockets in the other set of corresponding adjacent ends, and balls at adjacent ends of the contact members to connect said members and establish an electric current therethrough when the support is in one position, and to open said circuit when the support is moved to another position by moving into either of said sets of sockets depending on the direction of motion of said supports. </p>
<p> 14. A switch comprising a movable support, a plurality of spaced Contact members secured to said support in end to end relationship and having sockets in the adjacent ends, the sockets in one set of corresponding adjacent ends being disposed at an angle to the sockets in the other set of corresponding adjacent ends, balls at the adjacent ends of the contact members to connect said members and establish an electric circuit therethrough when the support is in one position, and to open said circuit when the support is moved to another position by moving into either of said sets of sockets depending on the direction of motion of said support, and means for moving said support in such a manner that the balls are moved to circuit opening and circuit closing positions with a snap action. </p>
<p> 15. A switch comprising a hermetically sealed container mounted for translatory movement, a support within said container, a plurality of spaced contact members secured to said support in end to end relationship and having sockets in the adjacent ends, the sockets in one set of corresponding adjacent ends being disposed at an angle to thesockets in the other set of corresponding adjacent ends, and balls at the adjacent ends of the contact members to connect said members and establish an electric current therethrough when the container is in one position, and to open said circuit when the container is moved to another position by moving into either of said sets of sockets, depending upon the direction of motion of said container, the making and breaking of said circuit being out of contact with the atmosphere. </p>
<p> 16. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced current carrying members secured to said support, one of said members having a socket, a ball in said socket movable into and out of engagement with the other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable arm connected to one end of said support, a swingable link connected to the other end of said support, said arm and link being relatively disposed in such a manner that movement of the arm thru its dead center position in cooperation with the movement of said link will force said ball into and out of engagement with both of said current carrying members. </p>
<p> 17. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced current carrying members secured to said support, one-of said members having a socket, a ball in saidsocket movable into and out of engagement with the other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable arm connected to one end of -said support, a swingable link connected to the other end of said support, said arm and link being relatively disposed' in such a manner that movement of the arm thru its dead center position in cooperation with the movement of said link will force said ball into and out of engagement with both of said current carrying members and `tilt said current carrying members so that the movement of said ball in the socket is augmented by the action of gravity. </p>
<p> 18. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced current carrying members secured to said support, one of said members having a socket, a ball in said socket movable into and out of engagement with the other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable arm connected to one end of said support, a swingable link connected to the other end of said support, said arm and link being arranged for movement in arcs which are substantially in quadrature, whereby said ball is caused to connect and disconnect said current carrying members. </p>
<p> 19. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced current carrying members secured to said support, one of said members having a socket, a ball in said socket movable into and out of engagement with the other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable arm connected to one end of said support, a swingable link connected to'the other end of said support, </p>
<p>said arm and link being of such relative lengths that one end of said support is laterally moved a greater amount than the other end of said support. </p>
<p> 20. A switch comprising a stationary contact member, a pivotally mounted switch blade having a forked free end, each leg of said fork having a plurality of spaced apertures, a movable contact member having a projecting portion extending between the legs of said fork, and pins extending transversely through said projecting portion, said pins having their ends loosely disposed in said apertures. 1' </p>
<p> 21. In a disconnecting switch, a cylindrical sheath having a plurality of peripheral sockets, spherical contact members disposed in said sockets, a coiled spring surrounding said sheath for retaining said spherical contact members in said sockets, and a contact plunger insertable into said sheath for engagement-with said spherical contact members. </p>
<p> 22. In a disconnecting switch, a cylindrical sheath having a plurality of peripheral sockets, spherical contact members disposed in said sockets, a coiled spring surrounding said sheath for retaining said spherical contact members in said sockets, and a contact plunger insel-table into said sheath for engagement with said spherical contact members, and means for relatively moving said contact sheath and plunger axially when engaged and in an arc when disengaged. </p>
<p> 23. In a device of the character described, the combination including a movable blade, an arm swingable with said blade, an oscillatably mounted link, and means having parts arranged and positioned in such a manner as to open and close an electrical circuit therethrough in response to a translatory movement, saidlink and arm cooperating to support said means and move said means when the blade is moved. </p>
<p>24. In a disconnecting switch, a switch blade mounted for arcuate movement, a contact member at the free end of said blade, a stationary contact, said contacts being engageable and disengageable by relative axial movement thereof, and a floating connection between the first contact and blade to enable relative axial movement.- </p>
<p>the contacts are disengaged. </p>
<p> 25. In a disconnecting switch, a switch blade mounted for arcuate movement, a plunger member forming a contact, a tubular member for axially receiving said plunger, one of saidmembers being carried by the blade and the other being xedly mounted to cooperate with said one of said members, and a oating connection between the blade and the member thereon, whereby the tubular member may axially receive the plunger member during an arcuate movement of the blade. </p>
<p> 26. As an article of manufacture, a unitary replacement switching unit comprising a sealed tubular container, external contact members at the ends of the container, a support in the container, a series of spaced current-carrying members secured to the support and electrically insulated relative to each other, the outermost of said members being respectively connected to the contact members of the container, a plurality of members in the container operatively associated with the current-carrying members and adapted to bridge the current-carrying members, when the container is moved from one position to another. </p>
<p> 27. As an article of manufacture, a unitary replacement switching unit comprising a sealed tubular container, external contact members at the ends of the container, a support in the container, a series of current-carrying members secured to said support in longitudinal alignment in spaced apart relationship and electrically insulated from each other, the outermost of said members being connected to the contact members of the container, movable members adapted to bridge the space between the current-carrying members, said current-carrying members being constrained -for movement from their bridging position in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container and at right angles to said axis in response to a predetermined movement of the container. </p>
<p> 28. As an article of manufacture, a self-container-switching unit comprising a sealed tube having end contacts outside the tube, a support of insulating material in the tube, a plurality of current-carrying members secured to said support in a manner to form separating gaps therebetween, said members having sockets in communication with the gaps, freely moving balls disposed so as to bridge the gaps and move into the sockets, and connections from the end contacts of the tube to the outermost of the current-carrying members. </p>
<p>' ERNEST E. ANDERSON. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2313559-A
|
US-34292640-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23343880
| 1943-03-09
| 1940-06-28
| 1943-03-09
|
297/303.1
|
A47C3/025
|
A47C3/025
|
LEWIS LARSEN
|
Chair
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>March 9, 1943. L. LARSEN m CHAIR Filed June 28, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 9, 1943, </p>
<p>I L. LARSEN ETAL crmm Fil'ed June- 28, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 n-vs.- </p>
<p>Patented Mar. 9, 1943 CHAIR Lewis Larsen and Elof P. Klar, Menominee, Mich., assignors to Heywood-Wakefield Company, Gardner, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application June 28, 1940, Serial No. 342,926 </p>
<p>9 Claims. </p>
<p> This invention relates to improvements in chairs and it consists of the matters hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims. </p>
<p> The present invention is more especially concerned with that type of chair wherein the seatsupporting means is mounted on a base for a forward and a backward cushioned, rocking movement and wherein it is possible readily to shift the position of the seat-supporting means relative to the cushioning means. With such an arrangement, the effect of the weight of the occupant on the cushioning means may be altered so that the rocking action may be easily changed from a relative soft or easy one to a stiffer one. </p>
<p> One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a chair of the type mentioned, which is more simple in construction than has heretofore been possible so as to embody fewer parts and which parts are correlated to operate efficiently for the intended purpose. </p>
<p>Another object of the invention is to provide a chair of this kind which may be more readily and accurately adjusted when it is desired to change the rocking action from a soft or easy one to a stiffer one and vice versa. </p>
<p> Also, it is an object of the invention to provide a chair of this kind wherein the parts are so arranged that while they are easily accessible for adjustment, they are substantially concealed from view from the front of the chair and therefore the chair gives no indication of its character. </p>
<p> The above mentioned objects of the invention, as well as others, together with'the several advantages thereof will more fully appear as the specification proceeds. </p>
<p>In the drawings: </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a view in side elevation of a chair embodying the preferred form of the invention, parts of which are illustrated as broken away and in section for a better illustration of the structure involved. </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view through the chair as taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view, on a somewhat enlarged scale, through a part of the chair as taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2 with the seatsupporting means shown in diagrammatic outline and in two different positions of adjustment. </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a detail vertical sectional view, on an enlarged scale, through a part of the chair as taken on the line 44 of Fig. 3. </p>
<p>Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical detail sectional view through another part of the chair, on the scale of Fig. 4, as taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3. </p>
<p> Fig. 6 is a detail vertical sectional view through a part of the chair as taken on the line 6-45 of Fig. 2 and on a scale greater than that of said Fig. 2. </p>
<p> Referring now in detail to that embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, ii] indicates as a whole the floor-engaging base of the chair and II indicates as a whole, the seatsupporting means of the chair. </p>
<p> The base 10 includes laterally spaced side bars or rails l2l2 that converge rearwardly toward each other and are operatively connected together by front and rear cross bars l3 and i i respectively. [5 indicates a shaft that extends transversely of the base in a plane between the cross bars 13 and I4. Said shaft is non-rotatively fixed at points toward its ends, upon the top edges of the side bars l2 of the base by clips I5 and the end portions of said shaft extend laterally beyond said side bars. </p>
<p> The seat-supporting means i! includes a seat I! and a back rest l8, both suitably upholstered, and side portions l9 which may be made of wood and suitably covered. Said side portions It, which are substantially parallel, are so spaced apart that they are disposed in vertical planes laterally outward from the planes 'of the side rails I2 of the base. Along the bottom portion of the outer face of each side portion 19 is a longitudinal cleat 20. </p>
<p> In the bottom of each side portion i9 is provided a transversely extending sleeve 2i (see Fig. 6) which extends into and substantially through the associated cleat. The sleeves 2i receive the associated end parts of the shaft l5 outwardly beyond the clips it and whereby the seat-supporting means has a bearing on said shaft and is capable of a forward and a backward rocking movement relative to the base. The side members lt-lS of the seat-supporting means ii are operatively connected together at a point above and rearwardly of the cross bar i i of the base by a transverse bar 22 as best appears in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> On the longitudinal median line of the chair as a Whole and considered from front to the rear of the chair, is located a resilient means 23 for cushioning the rocking action of the seat supporting means ll. Said means includes a single U-shaped spring, preferably of a fiat crosssectional stock, that has upper and lower legs 24-25 which are connected together at their front ends by a crotch or rounded portion 26. When this spring is in operative position. as </p>
<p>24 has a boss 24a welded to its bottom side and said end part of said leg and said boss are drilled and threaded to receive a screw 46. The bottom end of this screw carries a cross pin 21 whereby said screw may be turned manually. The upper end of said screw is made as a reduced extension 28 that is journalled for a turning movement in the cross member 29 of an inverted U shaped clip 30. </p>
<p> The clip 33 also includes ears 3|. that depend from the ends of the cross member 29 and said ears are disposed to engageagainst the opposed faces of depending flanges 32 and to which they are pivotally connected as by rivets 33.. Each flange 32 is made as a part of an L-shaped bracket 34 that is fixed to the underside of the cross bar 22 that connects. the side members |9l9 of the seat-supporting means H together. From the above, it is apparent that the clip is capable of a limited rocking movement with respect to the cross bar 22 and that the screw 43 may be turned relatively to said clip and to the leg 24 of the spring and its boss 24a. </p>
<p> The lower leg 25 of the U-shaped spring, which is shorter than the upper leg, engages flatwise upon a supporting member .35. This supporting member, which is disposed in the vertical plane of the U-shaped spring, is operatively secured at its front end to the bottom edge of the front cross bar of the base. It]. Its rear end is fixed in the bottom end of a U-shaped clip 36,. the top end of which is pivotally connected as at 31 to a pair of cars 38 fixed to the front side of the cross bar M of the base. The rear end extremity of the leg 25 is disposed within and is suitably secured to the clip 36 by the same pin or rivet 39 (see Fig. 3) that secures the rear end of the member in said, clip. </p>
<p> To prevent the lateral displacement of the leg 25 from its supporting member 35, we secure a transverse plate 40 to the underside of the member. 35 by a rivet 4|, the member being located a suitable distance forwardly of the cross bar [4 of the base. A guide clip 42 straddles the leg 25 and associated part of the member 35 and the ends of this clip are secured to the ends of the plate 40. </p>
<p> When the occupant of the seat causes a backward. and a forward rocking action on the seatsupporting means I! as a whole from its normal position of rest, said means rocks about the shaft l5. In the rearward part of the rocking movement of the means H, from said position of rest, toward the limit of the direction mentioned, the leg 24 of the U-shaped spring flexes from the crotch to move toward the leg 25. In the forward rocking movement of the means II, the leg 24 of the said U-shaped spring flexes upwardly so that the crotch opens up and the forward part of the lower leg bears upon that part of the bar 35 in advance of the clip 42 thereon. In this movement of the leg 25, the </p>
<p>the are through which the means H swings about the shaft. If this movement of the means H is sufficient to flex the bar 35, the said bar which has a lengthwise, shallow reverse curvature formation, tends to elongate. When said bar so elongates, as its rear end is fixed to the clip 36, then said clip swings rearwardly about its axis to accommodate that elongation. This elongation is not of any considerable degree so that but a slight swinging movement occurs in the clip. </p>
<p>Of course, action of the U-shaped spring is such as to return the means H to the normal position of rest when the occupant leaves the seat l1. </p>
<p> With the parts of the chair in the position shown in Fig. 1 and wherein the seat is subjstantially horizontal, the rocking action of the bar 35 flexes butslightly, if at all, according to means is one between a so-called soft rocking action and a stiff one. If the soft rocking action is desired, then the screw 45 is turned to thread down through the boss so as to tilt the seat I! downwardly toward the rear. Thus, the action of the Weight of the occupant functions in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the leg 24 of the spring element and such weight is more effective. </p>
<p> If a stiffer rocking action is desired, the screw 46 is turned in the other direction so that the means H is tilted slightly forwardly-about the axis of the shaft 15 so as to impart a slight inclination to the front part of the seat. This change in inclination is enough so that the weight of the occupant is imposed on the legs of the spring element at an angle less than the perpendicular and is thus less effective to flex said legs so that relatively the spring becomes stiffer. These two positions of adjustment appear in full lines and in dotted lines in Fig. 3. </p>
<p> The chair is of a relatively simple construction, is quiet and free from squeaks under rocking action and the rocking action may be readily adjusted without the use of tools, byturning only the member 26. The operating parts of the chair, while disposed so as to be concealed from .view from the front of the chair, are readily acseat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking. movement, said base including a forwardlyand-rearwardly ea tending member which is capable-of a longitudinal flexirg, a spring-like element arranged between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioning said rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legs extending forwardly and rearwardly of. the chair and being 'operatively connected together at one end, </p>
<p>said lower leg having supporting engagement upon and being operatively connected to said forwardly and rearwardly extending member, and means. operatively connecting. the other end of said. upper leg of. said spring-like. elementto said seat supporting Imean's'. f a </p>
<p> 2. A chair embodying thereina base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for abackward and forward rocking movement, a longitudinally flexible member extending forwardly and rearwardly of the base and operatively secured at one end to said base, means for supporting the other end of said member from said base so as to be capable of a limited longitudinal movement relative to the base, a spring-like element arranged above said member for cushioning the rocking movement of said seat supporting means, said element including upper and lower legs extending forwardly and rearwardly of the chair and being operatively connected together at one end, said lower leg having supporting engagement upon and being operatively connected to said forwardly and rearwardly extending member, and means operatively connecting the other end of said upper leg of said spring-like element to said seat supporting means. </p>
<p> 3. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, a member extending forwardly and rearwardly of the base and operatively secured at one end to said base, means including a link swingably mounted upon the base and to which the other end of said member is operatively connected for support, a spring-like element arranged above said member and arranged substantially parallel therewith for cushioning the rocking movement of said seat supporting means, said element including upper and lower legs, said lower legs having supporting engagement upon and being operatively connected to said forwardly and rearwardly extending member, and means operatively connecting the other end of said upper leg of said spring-like element to said seat supporting means. </p>
<p> 4. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, said base comprising side members and front and rear cross bars, a longitudinally flexible forwardly and rearwardly extending member operatively disposed between the side members of the base and connected at one end to one of said cross bars, means connecting the other end of said last mentioned member to the other of said cross bars so as to be capable of a limited longitudinal movement toward and away from said other of said cross bars, a spring-like element for cushioning the rocking movement of said seat supporting means, said element including upper and lower legs operatively connected together at one end, said lower leg bearing upon and being operatively connected to said forwardly and rearwardly extending member for support thereby, and means operatively connecting the other end of the upper leg of said spring-like element to said seat supporting means. </p>
<p> 5. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, said base comprising side members and front and rear cross bars, a forwardly and rearwardly extending member associated with the base and disposed in a plane between the side members of the base, means operatively connecting the front end of said member to said front cross bar, means providing a swinging link connection for the other end of said member with said rear cross bar of the base, a spring-like element arranged above said member and having upper and lower legs that extend forwardly .and rearwardly cf the chair, said lower leg engaging upon and being operatively connected to said forwardly and rearw-ardly extending member, and means operativelybonnecting the other endof said upper leg to the seat supporting means. </p>
<p>' 6. -A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, said base comprising side members and front and rear cross members, a forwardly and rearwardly extending member operatively disposed between said side members of the base and connected at one end to the front cross member, a pendently hanging U-shaped link pivotally connected to the rear cross member of the base and operatively receiving and having the other end of said forwardly and rearwardly extending member operatively connected thereto, a spring-like element between the seat supporting means and the base and including upper and low-er legs connected together at one end, said lower leg having its free end disposed in and operatively connected to said U-shaped link, means surrounding a part of said forwardly and rearwardly extending member and a part of said lower leg at a point between its ends to prevent lateral separation of said leg and said forwardly and rearwardly extending member, and means operatively connecting the other end of said upper leg to said seat supporting means. </p>
<p> 7. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward movement, a spring-like element disposed between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioning said rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legs extending from the front to the rear of the chair and operatively connected together at one end, means for operatively securing the other end of the lower leg to said base, means for operatively securing the other end of said upper leg to said seat supporting means and including a member pivoted to said seat supporting means, and a screw-like member swivelled in said last mentioned member and having a threaded engagement with said other end of said upper leg of said spring-like element. </p>
<p> 8. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mounted thereon for a backward and forward movement, a spring-like element disposed between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioning said rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legs extending from the front to the rear of the chair and operatively connected together at one end, means for operatively securing the other end of the lower leg to the base, means for operatively securing the other end of said upper leg to said seat supporting means and including laterally spaced ears secured to a part of said seat supporting means, a member pivotally connected to said ears about an axis disposed at a right angle to said upper leg, and a screw member swivelled in said pivoted member and having a screw-threaded engagement with the associated end of said upper leg of the said spring-like element. </p>
<p> 9. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting mean mounted thereon for a backward and forward movement, a spring-like element disposed between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioning said rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legs extending from the front to the rear of the chair and operatively connected together at one end, means for operatively securing the other Years, and a screw member having a swivel connection with said clip and having a screw-threaded connection with the associated end of said upper leg of said spring-like element. </p>
<p>LEWIS LARSEN. ELOF P. KLAR. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1437777-A
|
US-51006821-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24029241
| 1922-12-05
| 1921-10-24
| 1922-12-05
|
217/56.
|
B65D45/28
|
B65D45/28
|
ROPER OSMER W
|
Article carrier
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>0. W. ROPER. </p>
<p>ARTICLE CARRIER. </p>
<p>APPLIQATlON FILED OCT. 24.192]. </p>
<p>1,437,777, Pamea Dec. 5,1922. </p>
<p>[3 W. Ruper- Patented Dec. 5, 1922. </p>
<p>a arm OSMER w. norm, or vrnnnann, new annsnv. </p>
<p>ARTICLE CARRIER. </p>
<p>Application filed October 24, 1921. Serial No. 510,068. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern Be it known that'l OSMER"W. Borne, a citizen of the United States, residing. at Vineland, in the county of Cumberland and State vof New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Article Carriers, of which the following is a specification, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings. </p>
<p> This -.invention relatesto article} carriers and particularly to a carrierused. for the shipment of eggs. </p>
<p> It is well known that-the" rectangular form of carrier, on, account-of its construction is not practical for thereason. that the fillers used in the egg box for the reception of the eggs, fit closely to the innerwalls ofthe box, thereby disposing a portion of the egg in contact with the inner wall so that in the event ofthe carrier; coming'in cont-act with an object or receiving a sudden jar, there is danger of the egg breaking, and unques tionablyrso if-they-wall of the carrier is forced inwardly.- Furthermore, the tillers for the; container are of] specialconstruction and therefore must be furnished from the factory-when a new supply is-necessary. </p>
<p> It is; therefore, ,an 'object of the invention to provide' a carrienwhichis circular in form to eliminate corners and to facilitate handlingof the carrier. i </p>
<p> It is another object/of the invention to provide a dev-ice ofthis character-which, in View of its circular form, is spacedfrom the fillers or receptacles in which the eggs are disposed; within' the carrier so that damage to. the wall ofthe'carrier, by an object which tends; to mutilate ,theawall will not cause damage to theeggs. I </p>
<p>i It is another object oftheinventionto provide a carrier of this character circular informand constructed to receive a conventional form: ofrectangular individual egg-hon, the; sides and ends of the boXbeing spaced fromjthewall otthe container in view of their; rectangular formic: </p>
<p> It is. also an object of ther'invention to provide-a carrier. of this character including novel fastening and-1 clamping means in the-form of; a bail :hasp which ishinged to one side of the-carrier and adapted to extend over the cover and into-engagement with the keeper on the opposite side-of, the carrier,v suitable fastening means-being providedto preventrz lisengagement; of-th'ehasp fromithe seve e It isstill a further object of the invention to provide a carrier of this characterincluding a cover having spaced guide members and a handle, the spaced guide members headapted to receive the ends of an address card, the handle being adapted to project through the card, the beep of the carrier being also provided with an opening through which the handle of the cover extends, whereby the hasp serves to maintain the address card in engagement with the cover without the use of additional securing means; 1 I I With these and other objects in view, the </p>
<p>invention consists in the improved construc-: </p>
<p>tion and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter 'more particularly described, fully claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which zl igure l is a transverse sectional View of a carrier constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, and showing the cartonswithin the carrier;- </p>
<p> Figure 2 is: a top plan view of thecarrier; Figure 3 is a top plan View showing the bailhasp released, a portion of the address card being broken away to show one of the guides; and I I Eigure i isa top plan viewshowingthe hail hasp member applied and thecover removed. i </p>
<p> Referring to container or carrier constructed preferably of metal and beingcircular in form. This container may be constructed in various sizes to hold two dozen, three dozen, four dozen er-more'e ss Its construction also Ob permits it to be used for conveying artlcles of food other thaneggssuch as cheese, butter, etc; as the receptacles for noldingthe eggs are not secured in the-container. </p>
<p>the circulartormation' of the container, all </p>
<p>corners and like prfojecting'parts are eliminated, thus facilitatingthe handling of the deviceand eliminating thepossibility of the carrier, shculdit be roughly handled, from landing on any ofthe corners and thereby jarring the contentsof the carrier to such an extent as to damagelthe same. With the circular wall of the carrier, if the same is placed on its-side, there is no danger of joltingfl Acoverfi is provided for the carrier, said cover being circular-in form and havinga depending annulartlange 7, the edge of'said the: drawings, 5 designates flange being curled to;form a, head 8. Dis I i l which extends transversel of the card. </p>
<p>posed centrally oi the cover is socket mem her 9, open at its ends tor the reception of a bail or handle 10, the handle being slightly greater in length than the length of the socket member, but large enough to receive the hand of a person. Disposed in spaced relation to the socket member 9,, and on each side of the socket member, is a guide member 11, said "aide member consisting of a strip of material having one edge thereof turned back upon said strip to provide a the flanges 12 of each member being or extended toward each other. The ends of each of the guide members 11 are open. The purpose of the p; rticular emeut oi the handleand the guide members, is to receive an address card 13, said card being of a length to extend transversely ot the cover so that its ends will extend beneath the flanges 12 of the guide 131Gl 13. The. intermediate portion of the card 13 is provided with a longitudinal. slot 13 slot being of a length to permit the J1 tion of the bail and socket member oil cover. By this means, the socket member an bail project above the card and limit lateral movement of the card to a large extent so that accidental disengagement is impossible. With this arrangement. the socket member and bail serve as holding means for the card by cooperating with the guide members 11, the guide members serving to protect the ends of the card. </p>
<p> In order to fasten thecover to the carrier, novel fastening means are provided in the form of a bail hasp 14, said hasp consisting of a length of material similar to the ma terial used in the construction of the carrier, having its longitudinal. edges beaded as at 15 to reinforce the bail hasp. The end. portions 16 and 17 are extended at right to the strip, the distance between the junction of said end portions 16 and 17 with the strip being slightly less than the distan .e between the head 8 of the cover at opposite points so that when the hasp is applied to the cover it is slightly sprung to produce a clamping action. Carried by one side of the container or carrier 5 is a plate 18 having a knuckle 19 while formed on the extremity of the end 17 of the bail hasp is a plurality oi? knuckles 20, the knuckles 19 and 20 being adapted to register for the reception of a pintle 21 by means of which the bail hasp is hinged to the carrier. The end por ion 16 is provided with an opening 22 adapted to receive a keeper 23 carried by the opposite side of the container or carrier Any suitable means, such as a lock or keyring, may be used to fasten the bail carrier to th container. The intermediate portion of the strip 14 is provided with a. longitudinally extending slot 23'" corresponding in length to the slot 13 of the address card and through which the socket member 9 and hail 10 are intended to extend. By this means, the bail hasp not only serves to hold the cover in engagement with the carrier, but serves to fasten the address card thereto, in view ot the clamping action above described, The opening 24 in the keeper 23 is positioned so that when the lock or fastening means is applied it will urge the end portion 16 of the bail hasp member inwardly and com plete the clamping action of the bail hasp member. </p>
<p> W hen the device'is used for the shipment of eggs, the cardboard card or pasteboard plate 25 is placed in the bottom of the carrier. It the carrier is constructed tortwo dozen eggs, two cardboard boxes or cartons of conventional form are need, said cartons being similar tothose used by grocers and poultry dealers for packing eggs so that a supply can be maintained at any place in view of their popularity, thus eliminating the necessity of sending to the manufacturer. One or" these rectangular cartons 26 filled with eggs is placed in the container on the plate 25. A cardboard or pasteboard plate 27, corresponding in diameter to the diam eter of the carrier is placed upon the carton 26. Another rectangular carton 28 is placed upon the cardboard plate 27 and a third cardboard plate 29 is placed 'upon'the carton 28. The last mentioned plate is intended to fit snugly within and beneath the rolled or beaded edge of the container so as to prevent unnecessary movement of the egg cartons within the carrier. The cover 13 is then applied, and the hasp member swung over the handle and into engagement with the keeper. </p>
<p> From the foregoing it will be readily seen that this invention provides a novel form of carrier capableo'f being used by anyone in view of the fact that the conventional tormof rectangular egg cartons may be used in connection with the carrier. Furthermore, the circular formation of the can rier and rectangular formation of the cartons prevents damage to the eggs even when the carrier is dented, as the sides and ends of the cartons are spaced a considerable distance from the walls of the carrier. Furthermore, in view of the use of the conventional form of carton, it is not necessary to place any projection or shelves Within the carrier so that the entire interior may be used for shipping butter, fruit, or in fact, any article of food, handling of the carrier bein'gfacilitated by the novel form of'ba-il 10. Accidental disengagement of the cover is impossible, in view of the substantial form of bail hasp.' </p>
<p> What is claimed is 1. A carrier of the character described comprising a circular container, a cover for said container, spaced guide members carried by the cover adjacent its edges, a movable handle member carried by the intermediate portion of the cover, an address card having a central slot adapted to receive the handle, the ends of said card being disposed within the guide members, and means carried by the container for engagement with the covers and the card, to prevent disengagement of the cover and card with respect to the container. </p>
<p> 2. A carrier of the character described comprising a circular container adapted to receive rectangular cartons, a cover for the container, a socket member carried by the central portion of the cover, a bail having its ends disposed Within said socket, a bail hasp member having one end portion thereof hinged to one side of the container, the major portion of said hasp member being adapted to extend over said container, the intermediate portion of said major portion having a slot adapted to receive said socket member and bail, the opposite end of the bail hasp member being adapted to extend in parallel relation with the opposite side 3. A carrier of the character described, </p>
<p>comprising a circular container, a cover for said container, said cover having a depending flange, the edge of the flange being beaded outwardly, a bail hasp member having its end portions disposed at right angles to the majol' portion of said bail hasp memher, one of said end portions being hinged to the container, the opposite end portion having a slot for the reception of a keeper 1 carried by the opposite-side of the container, said end portions being urged over the beadedcover and inwardly upon the application of fastening means to the keeper whereby the hasp member firmly clamps the cover to the container. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my, </p>
<p>signature. </p>
<p>os W. ROPER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-278317-A
|
US-278317D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2347537
| 1883-05-29
| null | 1883-05-29
|
254/97.
| null |
B66F3/02
| null |
Lifting-jack
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> (No Model.) f </p>
<p>4 i J. DAWSON.- </p>
<p>` 'LIFTING JACK. No.' 278,317. PatentedvMay 29,1883. </p>
<p>IHF </p>
<p>Winmx-e4. </p>
<p>.J EWLMA-. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE. </p>
<p>JAMEs nAwsomoE sAN FEANcIsoo, CALIFORNIA. </p>
<p>LiF'rlNo-JACK. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part-of Letters Patent No. 278,317,dated May 29, 1883, l </p>
<p>Application filed February 5, 1883. (No model.) </p>
<p>To all whom it 'may concern: t </p>
<p> Be-itknown that I, JAMES DAWSON,` acitizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Franciscoand State of California, have finvented certain new and useful Improvements in Lifting-Jacks; and I do declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art towhich it ap- .pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and </p>
<p> IS `lifting-jacks,V and has for its object the moveto the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, hich form a part of this specification. l </p>
<p>My invention relates to improvements in ment of the lifting-bar usually employed in this class of devices by means `of cogs, gearwheels, and a crank-arm, the arrangement and operation of which will be more fully pointed out in the specification and claims. </p>
<p> Figure l is a side view of Inj-'improved lifting-jack, showing the side of casing, and by Fig; 2 is-a 1ony is a detail view of the bushings. </p>
<p> `A represents a metallic shell,` preferably cast rectangular in form,` and having a. chamber, a, of rectangular form,in its upper end, </p>
<p>and a. similar chamber a in its lower end.l </p>
<p> These chambers a and c are formed with angular apertures through their centers for the i j passage of the lifting-bar B,and are of sufcient width and depth to admit the friction-- rollers b and b. These rollers are formed to play loosely inside the chambers aand at', and are arranged to work against the sides of the chambers aand c andagainst the sides and rear of the lifting-bar B. The lifting-bar B is formed of metal, rectangular in shape, and has one edge serrated or grooved out crosswise to form teeth or cogs. `The purpose of "this formation, as will be more fully pointed out, is to gear with cog-wheels when moved np or down through the casing A by gearwheels andzpinions. </p>
<p>Each side of the casing is perforated at two points equidistantfromeach other,and on the d so outer side of the casing A these perforations l terminate in hollow projections c and c. In- </p>
<p>side these projections bushings ci and d' are placed to form the journals or bearings for the shafts G and C. These bushings d and d are formed to pass from the outer side of the projections c and c through to the inner sides of the casing A, and are held in place by setscrews e and c. The projections o and c are connected by stiffening-ribs f, the purpose of` mesh with and `operate the toothed rack-bar or lifting-barB. </p>
<p> 0n the outer side of gear-wheel g, and near the'inside of casing A, is secured on shaft O a larger gear-wheel, g. </p>
<p> Shaft U is formed with an angular projection 0n its outer end for the reception of a crankarm or other device by which movement is communicated to said shaft. On the inside of the casing A, and directly opposite wheel g, is secured on shaft G a small gear-wheel, h, and of sufficient size to mesh or gear with wheel g. </p>
<p> The operation `is-as follows: Lifting-bar B is inserted through the apertures in chambers o anda through the casing with the teeth or cogs meshing with the teeth or cogs of gearwheel g, when power is applied to the shaft Cby means of its angular end, when the bar B is moved up or down,"as desired. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent isl small gear-wheel, g, the purpose of which is tof l. The combination of the casing A, having. </p>
<p>chambers a and a', holding friction-rollers b and b', the shafts C and C', bushings.` d and d', gear-wheels g, g', and h, with the liftingbar'B, substantially as shown and specified. </p>
<p>I 2. A lifting-jack provided with a casing, A, having chambers c and a', containing frictionrollers against which the lifting-bar moves when operated by shafts and gear-wheels, substantially as shown and specified. </p>
<p>3. Thebushingscl and d', formed as described, </p>
<p>and adapted to pass into Ihe projections cand c', and retained in place by set-screws, substantially as shown. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>JAMES DAWSON. </p>
<p>Witnesses GEO. H. NoRnIs, J. J. KELLY. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2578081-A
|
US-3959848-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
21906334
| 1951-12-11
| 1948-07-20
| 1951-12-11
|
451/164.
|
B24B3/60
|
B24B3/605
|
MILLER CHANT A
|
Dental tool sharpening device
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Dec. 11, 1951 M R A 2,578,081 </p>
<p>' DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE Filed July 20, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ch am A Miller Samuel L. Harder IN VENTORJ' BY MM EM 1951 c. A. MILLER ETAL DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE 3 Sheets-Shet 2 Filed July 20, 1948 Fig. 7.- </p>
<p>Fig.3. </p>
<p>"Kimm Chan! A Miller Samuel L. Border INVENTORS 11,1951 c. A. MILLER ETAL 2,578,081 </p>
<p>DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE Filed July 20, 1948 I s Sheets-Sheet 3 5 F i n I i 4 I 5 r i 1 I I 1 1 5 i v i n Chant A. Miller Samuel L. Border INVENTOM Patented Dec. 11, 1951 DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE Chant A. Miller, Winamac, and Samuel L. Border, Monon, Ind. </p>
<p>Application July 20, 1948, Serial No. 39,598 2 Claims. (01. 51-59) The present invention relates to new and useful improvements in tool or instrument holding and sharpening devices and more particularly to a device of this character for sharpening dental instruments. </p>
<p> An important object of the invention is to provide a dental tool sharpening device for holding and sharpening various types of tools and embodying means for holding the tool or instrument at a proper angle with respect to a reciprocating sharpening stone to effect the sharpening thereof. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to provide a tool holder embodying means for adjusting the angle of the tool longitudinally as well as transversely of a reciprocating sharpening stone in accordance with the bevel of the tool to maintain the original bevel of the tool during the sharpening action and to provide dials to indicate both the longitudinal and transverse angle of the tool. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to provide a longitudinally adjustable'tool holder for placing the tool at a proper starting point with respect to the reciprocating stone during the sharpening process. </p>
<p> A still further object of the invention is to provide a manually operated reciprocating sharpening stone with means connecting a rockable tool supporting arm to the reciprocating mechanism whereby a tool is lowered into a sharpening position at one end of the stone at the beginning of its sharpening stroke and to raise the tool out of contact with the stone during its return stroke. </p>
<p> A still further object is to provide an apparatus of this character of simple, practical and compact construction, which is eificient and reliable in operation, relatively inexpensive to manufac ture'and otherwise well adapted for the purposes for which the same is intended. </p>
<p> Other objects and advantages reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout, and in which: </p>
<p>- Figure 1 is a side elevational view; </p>
<p>Figure 2 is a top plan view; </p>
<p>Figure 3 is an end elevational view; </p>
<p> Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the housing or table for the reciprocating stone taken substantially on a line 4-4 of Figure 3; i I </p>
<p>Figure 5 is a transverse sectional; view taken substantially one line 5-5 of Figure 1; v </p>
<p> Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on a line 6-6 of Figure 5 and showing the cam for rocking the tool holder; </p>
<p> Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the stop limiting the rocking movement of the tool holder and taken substantially on a line 'l--'I of Figure 1; </p>
<p> Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view of the tool clamp for the tool holder and the indicating scale for the longitudinal angle of the tool and taken substantially on a line 8-8 of Figure 1; </p>
<p> Figure 9 is an enlarged sectional view of the transverse angle adjusting means and indicating scale for the tool holding arm taken substantially on a line 9-.9 of Figure 3; and, </p>
<p> Figure 10 is a perspective view of the rotating bushing for the tool supporting arm. </p>
<p> Referring now to the drawings in detail wherein for the purpose of illustration we have disclosed a preferred embodiment of the invention the numeral 5 designates a substantially rectangular shaped hollow base or housing having a top 6 provided with a longitudinal slot 1 to provide a table in which a sharpening stone tray 8 is positioned for reciprocating movement in the slot, the tray supporting a sharpening stone 9 therein and formed in its surface with longitudinal grooves l0 shaped to accommodate various sizes and types of tools to be sharpened. The tray 8 is suitably secured on top of a slide ll of laminated construction to the corners-of which rollers I2 are journaled for traveling in tracks l3 secured to the underside of top 6 at each side of the slot 1. </p>
<p> A bar [4 is suitably secured to the underside of slide H in a transverse position and is formed with a slot l5 extending transversely of the slide to provide a track in which a roller l6 travels, the roller being supported on the upper surface at the free end of a horizontally swinging arm ll which is secured at its other end to the upper end of a vertical shaft [8 secured in a substantially rectangular frame I! supported in an upright position in the base 5. </p>
<p> A bevel gear 20 is secured to shaft 18 and is driven by a bevel gear 2| secured on the inner end ,of a horizontal shaft 22 journaled in the frame l9 and extending outwardly through one side of the base 5 and to the outer end of which is secured a handle 23. </p>
<p> A stationary shaft 24 is supported in a pair of hangers 25 at one end of the base 5 with a rocker arm 26 pivoted at one end to the shaft and extending longitudinally in the base with 3 its free end riding on a cam 2i secured to shaft 22. A coil spring 28 attached to the underside of rocker arm 26 holds its free end downwardly on the cam. </p>
<p> A pair of posts 29 are pivoted at their lower ends on the end portions of shaft 24 and project upwardly through slots 38 in the top and in the adjacent end portion of the base for forward and rearward rocking movement of the posts. An L-sh'apedblock 3i 'and spacing block 32 are secured to rocker arm 26 and a substantially semi-circular plate 33 is suitably secured to the lower end of an adjacent post 29 withanarcuate slot 34 therein to receive a set screw 35 projecting through an opening 36-inthe adjacent side of the base and threaded into the upstanding portion of the L-shaped block 31, i i-knurled knob 31 is formed on the outer end of set screw 35 and a washer 38 is carried by the set screw to bear against the plate 33 to lock the post in a-'liniit'ed 's'wingingniovement to rocker arm "2%, "the opening 36 being 'of "sufficient diameter to permit movementofs'et'screw 35 during limited rocking movement of the post. </p>
<p> The upper '"e nds of posts '29 are connected. to each other for uniformrbckin'g movement by *a cross bar 33 in the ends of which set screws id are threaded working in vertical slots It! in the upper ends of the -posts to secure the cross bar in vertically adjusted-position on the posts. </p>
<p> The crossbar is seated in-'a groove #2 at the top of a guide block "4'3 whichds secured to the cross bar-'andadjus'tabletransversely of table or top *6 by a set 'screw 41! freely positioned in a slot in the crossbarandthreaded downwardly into a bushing 46 suitably 'secured in block 43. </p>
<p> n deht'al tool supporting arm ii is slidabl'e and rotatable in the block 43 and bushing W6, the armbeing rounded in'c'ross section and having a fiat'sidefi against which is held a stationary filler strip ifi by means or an internal pin "'55 carried by a "bushing 5! "rotating in the block, the bushing '5l having 'acircumferential groove '52 receivin "a *s'et-screwts to hold the bushing against "endwise movement. The filler strip "43 restores the "roundedco'rrtour of the position of arin "47 positioned in {block 43. </p>
<p> "A semi-dream *dial plate 54 is "secured in a fiXed-position tb thefront end-of-bl'o'ck 13 by a bracket tifi and is providedat'its front face with a scale 5S-graduated'-in degrees. A pointer s? is secured'to a=fiangefr8 at the' front end of bushing 51 for swinging the jifoirlt'er around the scale 55 epsn mnaem "of arm "41 v A bracket 59 is secured to the -front ehdoi arm d'l to on'e side of whiclra' tool holder 69 is secured for ve'rtical swin'ging "movements? means ofa set screw 6| whose "head -bin'cls against the rear -of "a semi-circular dial plate 62 Q-fi'ir'ed to bracket Sa as shown more clearly in Figure '8, </p>
<p>and positioned parallel to {arm 41-. </p>
<p> The tool holder fieis for'me'd "with a groove 63 in-its outer surfacein *which a dental instrument fi' 4' is-clamped invertica'llyadj'usted position by a thumb nut 65 threaded ih aguide ii'fi'bridging thegroove. Tl1e front 'fac'eo'f diaI 'pl'ateEZ is provided witha sc'al'e fi'l graduated in degrees and a pointer68-is suitably secured to tool holder 60 'toproject upwardly therefrom 'for swinging around scale '57 upon adjustment of the tool holder. f i </p>
<p> In the operationof the device,a dental instrument 55 is clamped ingroov'e 63 of tool holder 60 in aposition for the engagement of 'the'lower end of the instrument with sharpening stone *9. </p>
<p>swinging the tool holder 60 on its pivot and locking the same by set screw 6!, and the instrument is adjusted in its transversely inclined position by rotating arm 41 in block 43 and locking thesame -by-set screw 44. </p>
<p> The instrument may-also beadjusted longitudinally and transversely with respect to its starting position on stone Si by sliding the arm H -;in block 4-3 and by sliding block 53 on cross bar 39, both of such adjustments being held by set screw M. The block 43 and tool holding arm. 47 may be adjusted vertically in posts 29 by raising or lowering cross bar 39. </p>
<p> With the instrument 64 held in its proper starting position with respect to sharpening stone 'Q, handle '23 is rotated in a proper direction to rotate shafts l8 and 22, the shaft 1 8 swinging arm l1 horizontally to slide tray 8 and sharpening stone 9 ma reciprocating movement in'guides 13 of heads of the base 5. </p>
<p> As the instrumented reaches the end oi stone 9, cam 21 on shaft 22 will raise-rocker arm 26 to swing posts 29 rearwardly'to thus raise the instrument out of contact with the stone "and to hold the instrument in its raised position during return stroke of the stone, and at the completion of such return stroke the spring 28 will lower rocker arm 26, swing posts 29 forwardly and again lower instrument'tfi to contact the stone. </p>
<p> The raising and lowering 'movement of the instrument during reciprocating movement of the stone is slight and the. posts 29 may be released from rocker arm 2-6 by releasing set screv 3? and the posts manually swung rearwardly to raise arm '41 and instrument E ia desired height for inspection of the instrument and for removal and replacing other instruments in the holder. </p>
<p> In view of theforegoing description taken in conjunction'with the accompanying drawings it is believed that a clear understanding of the construction, operation and advantages of the device will'be quite apparent to those skilled in this art. A'more detailed "description is accordirigly deemed unnecessary. </p>
<p> It is to be understood, however, that even though there is hereinsho'w'nand described-a preferred embodiment of the invention the-"same is susceptible to certain changes fully comprehended by thespirit of the invention as herein described and the scope of the appended claims. </p>
<p> Having describedthe invention, what is-clairned as new is: </p>
<p> 1. A tool sharpener comprising -reciprocable sharpening stone, "a pair-of upstanding rockable supports adjacent one end of th'e stone, cr'oss bar connecting the upper ends of the sup-ports toeach other, "a-tool supnortin'g armfairarm holding member slidably'carriedby the -cro'ss'b'ar' and in which the tool supporting arm is slidabIy and rotatably positioned, and-a tool holder pivotally mounted at one end of the arm. </p>
<p> A tool sh'arpene'r comprising a hollow base, a sharpening stone 'slidably supported on 'the base, an upstanding rockable support pivoted to the base adjacent one end of the stone, a tool supporting ar'm,' meansearriedby the upstanding support sli'dably androtatably supporting the arm above the stone, mechanism in the. base reciprocably actuating the stone and including a REFERENCES CITED Shaft a rocker arm plvoted at end In the The following references are of record in the base, cam means on the shaft actuating the rocker fil f this patent; </p>
<p>arm, and connecting means between the rocker 5 arm and the upstanding support to raise and UNITED STATES PATENTS lower the tool supporting arm in timed relation Number Name Date to the movement of the stone, said connecting 1 411 713 Downing Apt 4 1922 means including means on the outside of the 1605784 Schmitt 1926 base for releasing the upstanding support for 1Q 2165929 Lentz 1939 manual mcking mwement thermf 2:391:260 Miller EZZYIII: Dec. 181 1945 CHANT A. MILLER. SAMUEL L. BORDER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-80153-A
|
US-80153D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2149649
| 1868-07-21
| null | 1868-07-21
|
450/155.
| null |
A41C1/10
| null |
Alexander dickson
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>@uiten gieten.. @anni t't'jirg.Y </p>
<p>Letters Patent Na.'80,153, dted July 2l, 1868. </p>
<p>iiirnovim TBRINB SUPPOBTBB. </p>
<p>iilge .Srlgehile nfrmr tu in tlgm Estepa utent mnmkizg tarief igsfame; </p>
<p>To ALL vWH'OM .1T MAY CoNcEnN: </p>
<p> Be it knownthat I, ALEXANDER Dickson, of the city -of Meadville, inthe 'county of" Crawford, andS'tate, </p>
<p>of Pennsylvania, have invented a new an'd improved Female Uterine Abdominal S4upportex; nndAI do hereby declare that the followingQis a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying` drawings', and letters of reference marked thereon. </p>
<p> Figure 1 represents the inside ofjmy supporter, z'. e., the side worn next to the body.,` M is a strong band of `double cloth or leather, with eyelet-h'oles at N N forlacingaround'the body. y This band -is divided .into ve pieces, and the sume attached together at C C C C by elastic bands.- </p>
<p> A is a large pad, which is placed over .the spine. l B B, two smaller pads in front; D D, two straps passing between the thighs,.andb uckledatEE. ,The supporter'is worn around thebody immediately above-the hips. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by'Letters Patent of. the yUnited States, is?- K v A uterine supporter constructed in five parts, the samebeing joined together by the elastic bandsy C C 010 in combination with the pads B B' and A, constructed as described for the purposes set forth'. </p>
<p>- f ALEXR.- DICKSO'N; </p>
<p>' Witnesses: </p>
<p>A. `B. RICHMOND, Ron Rnxsmosn. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-470867-A
|
US-470867D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2539727
| 1892-03-15
| null | 1892-03-15
|
280/43.2
| null |
B60B33/06
| null |
Carriage for separators
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p> A. G .,HOPKI NS. CARRIAGE FOR SBPARATORS. </p>
<p>7 Patented Mar. 15. 1-892. </p>
<p>UNTTE TATns Fries; </p>
<p>PATENT CARRIAGEFOR SEPARATORS. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 470,867, dated March 15, 1892. </p>
<p>Application filed October 23,1891. Serial No, 409,619. (No model.) v </p>
<p>To aZZ whom it may concern.- </p>
<p> Be it known that I, ADELBERT O. HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Ashippun, in the county of Dodge, and in the State of \Visconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carriages for Separators, 850.; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereo My invention has for its objectto provide a carriage for certain machines-such, for instance, as separators-that require to stand level when in operation in order to produce the best results; and said invention consists in certain peculiarities of construction and combination of parts to be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings and subsequently claimed. </p>
<p> In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation, partly in section, of a carriage constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2, a plan view of the same, partly broken away; Fig. 3, a detail front elevation with certain of the parts in section; and Fig. 4, a detail plan view, partly in horizontal section, on line 4 4 of the preceding figure. </p>
<p> Referring by letter to the drawings, A B represent front and rear axles for wheels 0 D, said axles being provided with bolsters E F and connected by a reach G to thereby form the running-gear of my carriage. Supported on the bolsters E F is a frame H, that serves as the sills on which to mount a separator or other machine, this frame being shown as hinged to the front bolster. </p>
<p> The rear axle B is shown as provided with suitable sockets Z), in which the lower round ends 0 of vertical posts I are free to turn, and these posts are also free to turn in the bolster F, that is mounted on said axle. The upper portions of the posts I are screw-threaded, and the side pieces of the sill-frame H are provided with screw-threaded openings for engagement with said posts. Just above the axle in which it is socketed each post I is squared or otherwise suitably constructed to receive a worm-wheel J, that will be free to move on said post in a vertical direction, but which on rotation will cause a corresponding movement of the said post and consequent raising or lowering of the adjacent portion of the sill-frame. </p>
<p> Arranged in suitable bearings d is a shaft K, provided with worms L for mesh with the worm-wheels J on the posts I, and one end of this shaft is provided with a sprocket-wheel M, connected by a drive-chain N with a simi lar wheel P, mounted on a stud e, that is laterally extended from the sill-frame, this latter sprocket-wheel being actuated by a crank Q to impart motion to a sprocket and wormgear, above described. </p>
<p> Each worm-wheel J is provided with a depending collar R, having an annular groove f, for engagement with the fork g of an angular bar S, that works in guides 71 on the adjacent axle and is held in its adjusted position by a spring '1, fast at one end to said bar and impinged against one of the guides for the same, as best illustrated in Fig. 1. By a movement of either bar S the relative worm-wheel J may be thrown in and out of gear with the corresponding worm L on the shaft K when it is not desirable to operate the screw-post that is controlled as to rotation by said worm-wheel. </p>
<p> \Vhile I have shown only the posts I and their actuating mechanism in connection with the rear portion of the sill-frame, I do not wish to be understood as confining myself thereto, as a similar construction may be as readily employed in connection with the front portion of said sill-frame without departure from thespirit of my invention. </p>
<p> In practice if a carriage does not stand on level ground the sill-frame is adjusted by the mechanism above described to level the machine that may be supported thereon, it only requiring that the operator shall engage the necessary worm-gear and turn the crank controlling the sprocket and chain-gear to effect the desired result, there being enough play in a full-sized machine, between the lower ends 0 of the posts I and their sockets or between the screws E and the frame F to prevent cramping of said parts when the adjustment is effected. </p>
<p> A carriage similar to that above described is particularly useful in connection with separators that require to stand perfectly level in order that the grain may feed evenly over the sieves, and by the employment of such a carriage will save the time and trouble usually devoted to leveling a separator by the usual methods and means. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- </p>
<p> 1. The combination, with the running-gear, of vertical posts free to turn on said runninggear and having screw-threaded upper portions, a sill-frame having threaded openings engaging the post-threads, a worm-wheel on each post, a shaft provided with worms for engagement with the worm-wheels, and suitable means for rotating the shaft, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> 2. The combination, with the running-gear, of vertical posts free to turn on said runninggear and having screw-threaded upper portions, a sill-frame having threaded openings engaging the post-threads, a worm-wheel vertically adjustable on each post, a shaft provided with Worms for engagement with the worm-wheels, and suitable means for rotating the shaft, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> 3. The combination, with the running-gear, of vertical posts free to turn on said runninggear and having screw-threaded upper portions, a sill-frame having threaded openings engaging the post-threads, a worm-wheel on each post, a shaft provided with worms for engagement with the worm-wheels, a sprocketwheel on the shaft, a similar wheel on the sill-frame, a drive chain connecting the sprocket-wheels, and a crank connected to the sill-frame sprocket-Wheel, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand, at Oconomowoc, in the county of WVaukesha and State of Wiscousin, in the presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>ADELBERT C. HOPKINS. </p>
<p>"Witnesses: </p>
<p>MERRIL HATCH, OSCAR F. JONES. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2606497-A
|
US-24972751-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22944729
| 1952-08-12
| 1951-10-04
| 1952-08-12
|
417/206.
|
F23K5/04
|
F23K5/04
|
WITHERELL ROBERT R
|
Oil burner pumping unit
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Original Filed March 8, 1948 R. R. WITHERELL OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT 4 Sheets-Sheet l g- 1952 R. R. WITHERELL 2,606,497 </p>
<p>I OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT Original Filed March 8, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 I IAINVENTOR. 72;? 2?; Wfz lkerall. </p>
<p> "Bygj Aug. 12, 1952 R. WITHERELL OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT Original Filed March 8, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 IVINVENTOR. Faierz F, lflz'f/l axzll JJW g way 4 Sheets-Sh eet 4 x A I 43 R. R. WITHERELL OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT Aug. 12, 1952 Original Filed March s, 1948 Patented Aug. 12, 1952 UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE Robert R. Witherell, Bloomington, Ill., assignor to Eureka Williams Corporation, Bloomington, 111., a corporation of Michigan Continuation of application Serial No. 13,718, March 8, 1948. This application October 4, :1951; Serial No.:2.49,727 </p>
<p>. 1 This inventionrelates to a pumping unit for supplying fuel and air to oil burning apparatus and has particular relation to the construction and assembly of the various elements of saidunit within and upon a casing for such elements and the construction and assembly of the casing in cornbinaticnwith other unitsof such oil burning apparatus. </p>
<p> Some of the-objects of the invention are to provide: 7 v </p>
<p> A pumping unit for oil burning apparatus which consists of elements that areeasy to construct and to assemble within a single unit that can be attached to and made a part of the complete oil burning apparatus. </p>
<p> A pumping unit which issimple in construction and easy to adjust, to assemble, and to service. </p>
<p> A pumping unit which is quiet in operation and which will not give offobjectionable .oil fumes into the surrounding atmosphere. </p>
<p> A pumping unit in which novelmeans .is provided for assembling all of the elements of the unit within a pumping unit casing and for aligning the same with drive shaft means and other elements of the complete 011 burning apparatus. </p>
<p> A pumping unit in'which novel .air pump, fuel pump, and fuel metering pump constructions are employed. </p>
<p> Other and further objects of the invention will be apparent by reference .to the accompanying drawings of which there are four sheets, which, by way of illustration, show a preferred embodiment and the principles thereof and whatjI now consider to be the best mode in which .I have contemplated applying these principles. Other embodiments of the invention embodyingv the same or equivalent principles may be used and structural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and the purview of the appended claims. I also contemplate that of the several different features of my invention, certain ones thereof may be advantageously employed in some'applications separate and apart from the remainder of the features. </p>
<p>Referring particularly to the drawings: </p>
<p> Fig. 1 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view with certain parts thereof in elevation of a .part of an oil burning apparatus, including therein a pumping unit embracing the principles of the invention. </p>
<p>Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view through a portion ofthe structure illustrated by Fig. 1 adjacent the fuel pumpingmeans which is employed in the structure. Fig. 2 istaken-on line 2-2 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows. v </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is another cross-sectional view" through the structure disclosed by Fig. 1 illustrating the 14 ,Claims. (Cl. 103-5) fuel pumpingmeans employed in such structure. Fig. .3 is taken substantially in the plane of line 3-3 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows. </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view through the fuel metering means employed in the structure disclosed by Fig. 1. Fig. -4 is taken substantially in the plane of line 4-4 in Fig. flocking in the direction of the arrows. 1 </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view through the structure disclosed by Fig. 1 and through one of the end plates for the air pumping means included therein. Fig. 5 is taken substantially on the plane of 5-5 on Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view through the air pump structure employed in the pumping unit disclosed by Fig. 1. Fig. .6 is taken substantially in the plane of line .66 on Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Fig. 7 is another cross-sectional view through the other of the air pump end plates and the fuel cleaning compartment embraced in the pumping unit. Fig. '7 is takenysubstantially in the p e of e -1 lookingin the direction of the .arrows thereon. </p>
<p> Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of certain parts of the oil burning apparatusin which the pumping, unit embracing the principles of this invention is employed. </p>
<p> Referring to Fig. 1, the numeral 10 indicates a portion of a motor compressor unit employed in the oil burning apparatus .with which the pumping unit indicated by the numeral H is adapted to be employed. The motor compressor unit It includes a shaft I2 which is adapted to be driven by an electric motor, not shown, and on which ismounted .a fan, not shown. The fan referred to supplies the main quantity of secondary supply of .air employed ,in the fuel burning apparatus. The motor compressor unit It! with which the pumping unit H is employed may be a motor compressor unit such as that disclosed incopending application Serial No. 772,970, filed September 9, 1947, for Motor Compressor Unit, rl ggii Patent No. 2,542,121, issued February .20, </p>
<p> The numeral 13 indicates an inlet .portion of the housing .for the fan employed in the motor compressor unit .10, the air supplying the fan being admitted through openings 14 which are formed within the housing [3 between circumferentialrings [6 extending about the housing. The air admitted through the openings l4 passes into the fanthrough a fan'inlet indicated by the numeral I]. v </p>
<p> The shaft i2 drives the pumping unit if through-a shaft-coupling [B in the opposite end of which a shaft l9 employed in the unit .H is secured. Theshaft I9 is securedin the coupling The bearing 2| is held in a 22 by a spring and cap structure indicated by' the numeral 23. </p>
<p>23 is held in position against the end of the end plate 22 by screws indicated at 24. </p>
<p>In order to properly center the bearing 2| and the shaft |9 with respect to the housing I3, there; </p>
<p>is provided within the housing |3 an axially disposed cylindrical opening indicated at 26. The opening 26 is adapted to receive the exterior surface 21 of the end plate'22 and to form a close sliding fit therewith in order to locate the plate 22 with'respect to'th'e end of the housing l3 and drive shaft |2 of'the oilburningapparatus I0. The housing |3 also is provided with an axially extending cylindrical flange 28 which'projects from the end of the" housing I3 in such a way that the end surface 'o'f-the flange isdisposed normal with respect to the axis of the cylindrical surface 26. The flange 28 is adapted to provide a seating surface against which the endof a similar cylindrical flange29 formed on ahousing 3| for the pumping unit is seated. The housing 3| is generally cylindrical in formation except for the projection'from the upper central portion thereof of a projection indicated-at 32 and within which a'chamber 33 is provided for a liquid fuel cleaning device 34.' Formed across the central portion of the'casing 3| and disposed in transverse relation 'to the axis thereof is a web or support indicated at'36 which is provided with a centrally disposed opening 3f! through which shaft |9projects. </p>
<p> Disposed on the side of the support 36 adjacent the apparatus I is a rotary vane compressor indicated generally at 38. The compressor 38 (see also Figs. 5,6, and 7) comprises an end cap 39, a compressor cylinder 4|, and the end cap 22 previously referred to. Within the cylinder'4l there is provided an eccentrically disposed pumping chamber 42 which is adapted to be engaged by the ends of blades or'vanes 43 which are disposed radially within slots 44 formed in a rotor 46 secured concentrically with respect to shaft l9. In order to provide for the axial movement of the shaft |9 with respect to the rotor 46,'the shaft I9 is provided with anarcuate depression indicated at 41 in which a ball 48 is adapted to be seated. Rotor 46 also is provided'with a plurality of axially disposedgrooves 49 extending between the opposite end surfaces thereof, one of which receives the ball 48. It willbe apparent that the ball 48 is free tov move with the shaft l9 within its groove 49.. </p>
<p> In order to provide means for properly aligning the variousparts of the compressor 38 within the casing 3| and the casing 3| with respect to the housing l3, there is provided within the end of the casing 3| within which the compressor 38 is received a plurality of radially disposed, inwardly projecting, longitudinally extending guides indicated at The exterior surface of the end caps 22 and 39 are formed of such a diameter as to slidably fit the inner surface of the guides 5|, and the cylinder 4| 'is' provided with a radially disposed projection 52 likewise adapted to slidably engage the'inner surfaces of the guides 5|. </p>
<p>Disposed beyond the support 36 within the The spring and cap structure M 4 casing 3| is a fuel supply pump indicated generally at 53 and a fuel metering pump indicated generally at 54 (see Figs, 2, 3, and 4) The fuel supply pump 53' consists of a pair of end plates 56 and 51 between which is located a cylinder block 58. Formed as a part of the end plate 51 is a metering pump block 59 beyond which is a metering pump end plate 6|. The end of the casing 3 containing the fuel supply pump 53 and the metering pump 54 is similarly provided with longitudinally disposed guide rails 62 within which the various elements of the fuel supply pump 53 and. fuel metering pump 54 previously referred to are adapted to be slidably disposed. </p>
<p> In order to secure all of the various elements of the air pump 38, the fuel supply pump 53, and the fuel metering pump 54 together within the casing 3|, and-in order to secure the casing and its various elements to the housing |3, there is provided a plurality of securing means to be hereinafter described and by the employment of which the various elements of the'structure are successively secured to" on another and the entire structure secured to the housing |3'.- One of such securing means is a plurality of machine screws indicated at 63 which extend through openings 64 formed in the support 36 in such manner that the fuel supply pump end cap 56 may be secured by such bolts to one side of the support 36 while the end caps 22 and 39 and the cylinder block 4| are secured to the oppositesurface of the support 36. It will be noted from Fig. 1 that the end cap 22 has threadedopenings; 65, formed therein for receiving the threaded ends of the screws 63 while the end cap 56 has countersunk openings 66 extending thereacross for receiving the heads of the bolts 63. It will be noted from Fig. 6 that the cylinder block 4| is provided with relief openings indicated at 61 for receiving the screws 63, these relief openings being larger than the studs so as to permit proper positioning of the cylinder block within the guides 5|. From Fig. 7 it will likewise be apparent that the end cap 39 is also provided with relief openings indicated at 68 which are also larger than the screws 63 for a similar purpose. </p>
<p> It will be apparent that when the end cap 56 is positioned on one side of the support 36 and the end cap 39, the cylinder block 4| and the end cap 22 are'positioned upon the opposite side of support 36, all of such elements being properly positioned within the guides 5| and 62, that the screws 63 then may be inserted in the various openings and all of the elements referred to will be properly assembled upon the support 36. </p>
<p> Thereafter the entire casing structure may be assembled upon the housing l3 by the employment of machine screws indicated at 69. In order to be able to employ the machine screw '69, there is provided in the housing I3 within the annular flange 28 countersunk openings, indicated at H which are formed in the housing in such manner as to be insertable from the interior of the housing i3. By referring to Figs. 5, 6, and lit will be noted that the distance between the openings provided for the machine screws 69 is greater than the diameter of any of the elements of the air pump 38 so that the machine screw extends through the casing, 3| outside of the elements of the pump 38. ,Howeventhe support 36 is provided with enlarged bosses indicated at 12 and in which openings are provided for receiving T-nuts 13 in which the inner ends of the machine screws '69 are threaded. When'the machine screws 69 are properly secured within the openings H and acorns? with respect to the-housing I3 by the. machine screw 59 and that the elements of the air pump 33 and the casing 3| will be centrally located with respect to the housing I3 by the end cap 2-! and the guide rails 54 Thereafter by the employment of machine screws 74, it is possible to properly position within the casing 3| and to secure therein upon the support 35 the various elements-of the fuel supply pump 53 and the cylilder block 59 for the fuel metering pump 54. In order to provide for such assembly, end plate 55 is provided with threaded openings indicated at It, the fuel pump block 58 is relieved as indicated at TI, and the metering pump block and end plate 59 is relieved as indicated at it. Thereafter when the blocks 55 and 59 have been properly positioned within the guide rails 62. the machine screws 14 are positioned within relief openings TI and I8 and tightened within the threaded openings i5. I </p>
<p>Thereafter the metering pump and bloci: may </p>
<p>be secured upon the metering pump block 59 by the employment of screws indicated ate l. </p>
<p> The remaining endof the shaft I9 is rotatably securedin a sintered, powdered, metallic, selfaligning bearing 82 which is adapted to bemovably supported within a bearing support surface 33 formed in the endplate 56. The bearing 82 is held against the surface 83 by a spring and cap structure indicated at 84 which is secured rigidly between the cap '6 and the support .35. The opening 3! provided in the support 35 is adapted to be clos'edby a fluid-tight seal indicated at-86, the latterconsisting of a rotating element 81 and a stationary element '88. Referring particularly to Fig. 8, it will be noted that the rotating element 31 comprises an internally flanged cap 89 in which a resilient sealing member 9-I is disposed around the shaft I9. "The opposite end of the sealing member is reinforced by a collar 92 engaging a ring 93 disposed within a circumferential opening formed with the shaft I9. The stationary element 88 of the seal 86 comprises an annular sealing member 94 adapted to run against the adjacent end of the member 89 and 'being supported upon a flanged sleeve indicated at 9B. The flanged portion of the sleeve 95 is engaged by one end of a spring 91, the opposite end of which is disposed against the end surface of an opening 98 formed within the end cap 39. </p>
<p>The flanged sleeve 95 also is movably supported by a flexiblediaphragm indicated at 99, the inner periphery of which is secured between the flanged portion of the sleeve 96 and the adjacent surface of the sealing ring 54. The outer periphery of the diaphragm 99 is secured regidly between the end cap 39 and the adjacent surface of the support 36. </p>
<p>Further, .it will be noted; that the annular space around the. pumpingnunits: onopposite sides of the support are. in open communication through the enlarged openings r64 through which the machine screws 63 extend. </p>
<p>; Referring now particularly to 8', it will be noted that the pumps '38., 53, and 54 are connected by ;various internally and externally formed passagesgto the nozzle I03 of the oil burning apparatusJI-Il. Referringzparticularly to the airpump 38 it will be noted that the "end plate 39 is formed in such manner -as;to provide an inlet passage Hi4 communicating with the annular space Hi5 formed between the pump 38 and the end of the casing ;3 I between the support 36 and the housing I3. As the .rotor fliof the pump 38 is rotated by the shaft 19., air will be drawn inwardly from the annular space 105 and compressed within the pump 38 by the vanes 43. The air within the 'annular space I05 is admitted to the casing 3| through a plurality of ports I96 and 561 formed in the casing 3 l onopposite sides of the support 35. ,It will be apparent that the air which is, admitted through the ports. It! will be admitted to an annular space I08 formed around the elements of the fuel pump 53 and the fuel metering pump 54 and from the annular space His will be admitted to the annular space H through the openings 64.. It will thus be apparent that any oilv fumes which may result from the operation of the pumps 53 and 54 will be drawn-into the pump 38 through the inlet I04. </p>
<p>The outlet or discharge .from the pump 38 is provided by a passage I09 also formed within the end plate 39 and communicating with a passage I IEI formed in the support-36 and communicating with a conduit I I I leading to the air supply passsage II2 of the nozzleil03. The passage III] also has aby-pass indicated at 'I I3 controlled 'by an adjustable needle valve I I4 threaded into the support 36 and accessible from the exterior of the casing '31. The by-pass II3communicates with the annular space 'I-O8.Q"It willbe apparent that by adjusting the needle valve I I4 in the by-pass I I3 it ispossibl'e to control the dischargepressure from the pump 38 to the air supply passage 'I'I2. However, the air which maybe by-pass'ed by the needle valve H4 will not be discharged into the atmosphere except through the inlet passages I06 and It! communicating with the annular spaces I05 and I03. The annular spaces I05 and I08 therefore constitute muflle chambers surrounding the pumps 38, 53, and 54 for the purpose of absorbing air or other noises incidental to the operation of such devices. </p>
<p> Fuel for operating the supply "pump 53 and the metering pump 54 is 'ad'aptedto be supplied through an outer fuel supply chamber indicated at I I6 which constitutes the outer part of the'fuel supply chamber 33 formed in'the'outwardly projecting portion 32 of the casing 3 I. The chamber I I6 communicates with the oil'burning'apparatus fuel supply tank by means of athreaded opening Ill to which a liquid fuel supply conduit, not </p>
<p>shown, is attached 'to the fuel tank, also not shown. Within the supply chamber 1 I6 is a filtering device or oil cleaner indicated at 34, the </p>
<p>filter portion I I8'thereo'f being annularin formation'and secured in the chamber in spaced relation to the outer walls between flanges I I9 and I20 projecting upwardly and downwardly respectively from the upper and lower extremities of the fuel supply chamber 33. The chamber H6 and the filtering device I I8 are accessible'through'an end plate IZI secured upon' th'e upper end of the pro- 7 jection 32 by screws indicated at I22. Within the filtering device H8 is an inner chamber I23 into which th oil admitted to the outer chamber I I6 is admitted through the filtering device I I8. The inner chamber I23 is accessible through the cap I2I and through an'o'pening in the cap I2I within which a'threadedplug I24 is adapted to be normally disposed; Communicating with the inner supply passage I23 is an inlet conduit I26 formed in the support 36 and the end plate 56 and the opposite end of which communicates with the fuel inlet port I2'I of the supply pump or compressor 53. The compressor-53 within the compressor block 58 comprises a pair of meshing gears I28 and I29, the latter gear being rotatably mounted upon shaft I9 upon a ball I3I disposed in concave depressions or openings I32 in the shaft I9. The </p>
<p>ball I3I also extends within one of the grooves I33 formed in the gear I29 throughout the length thereof so as to provide a universal driving connection between shaft I9 and gear I29. The gear I28 is mounted on an idling shaft I34 secured in an opening formed in the end plate 56. The ball I3I is free to move with shaft I9 within the groove I33 so as to provide for axial movement of the shaft I9 relative to compressor 53. The flexible or universal driving connection between the shaft I9 and gear I29 provided by the ball I3I, and the universal connection between the shaft I9 and rotor 46 of the air pump 38 provided by the ball 48, will compensate for misalignment of the shaft I9 and rotor 46 or gear I29, and will permit rotation of rotor 46 and gear I29 within their respective chambers without bias from the shaft I9, and rotation of shaft I9 within its bearings without bias from rotor 46 or gear I29. </p>
<p> The discharge side of the compressor 53 is connected through an exhaust port I36 and an exhaust passage 'I3I to an exhaust chamber I38 formed within the end plate 56 and the opening 31 within which the seal 86 is located. The exhaust passage I38 communicates with the fuel metering pump chamber indicated at I39 through a passage I46. The exhaust chamber I38 also may communicate with the inner fuel supply passage through a passage I4I controlled by a bypass valve I42. The by-pass valve I42 is adapted to' seat in the bottom of an enlarged valve chamber I 43 forming a part of the passage MI and in which is located a spring I44 adapted to urge the valve I42 into engagement with its seat at thelower part of the valve chamber I43. The opposite end of 'the spring I44 is disposed against the inner end of a threaded stud I46, the head of which is positioned within the inner supply chamber I23 and accessible through the opening closed by the plug I24. In the event it is desired to have the by-pass I,4I communicate with.the inner supply chamber I23 a stud I46 having a passage indicated at M1 is employed. When such a stud is employed, then liquid may be by-passed from the exhaust chamber I38 to the inner fuel supply chamber I23 through the by-pass valve I 42 and the passage I4'I. However, it may be desirable to by-pass the fuel through the by-pass valve I42 to the inner chamber I23. In such event a stud like that indicated at I46 is employed without the opening I4'I being formed therein. Whensuch a stud isemployed then th liquid from the exhaust passage I38 may be by-passed directly to the fuel supply tank previously referred to through a passage I48 which communicates with the chamber I53 and which is adapted to be connected by a threaded opening indicated at I49 to a return conduit, not shown, but which communicates at the opposite end thereof with the fuel supply tank. </p>
<p> It will be apparent that the operation of the pump 53 by the driven shaft I9 will tend to pump liquid fuel from the fuel supply chamber I I6 into the exhaust chamber I38 and the fuel metering pump chamber I39. In the event the liquid fuel is not exhausted from the chambers I38 and I39 as fast as it is delivered by the pump 53, a certain amount or all of the fuel supplied by the pump 53 will be by-passed through the conduit I4I either to the inner supply chamber I23 or the fuel supply tank, not shown, this depending upon whether the passage I41 is or is not employed in the stud I46. However, the operation of the fuel metering pump 54 may tend to relieve the pressure in the chambers I38 and I39 by supplying therefrom metered quantities of fuel to the oil burning nozzle I03. For this purpose the inlet port I5I of the fuel metering pump 54 is connected to the fuel metering pump chamber I39 by a passage I52. </p>
<p> The fuel metering pump 54 comprises a rotor I53 which is slidably disposed within the metering pump chamber I39 against the inner surface I54 of the end plate 6I The rotor I53 is driven by a ball I56 disposed in an eccentric opening formed in the adjacent end of the shaft I9 and a centrally disposed opening formed in the adjacent surface of the rotor I53. It will be apparent that the spring 91 will exert a resilient pressure upon the shaft I9 tending to urge the shaft towards the rotor I53 for driving the rotor in a circular path against the wall I54. The ball I56 provides a universal connection between shaft I9 and rotor I53 so as to insure that the rotor I53 will seat against the wall I54 and have a sealing fit therewith. The rotor I53 has a cylindrical radially disposed opening I5I projecting therein in Which a piston I58 is reciprocally disposed. The opposite end of the piston I58 is received within an opening formed in a spherical bearing member I59 which is mounted for lengthwise movement and oscillatory movement within a cylindrical opening I6I formed across the end of the metering pump block 59 and which communicates with the metering pump chamber I39 through an elongated opening I83. The piston I58 is resiliently mounted within the bearing I59 upon a spring I 64 held between the end of the piston I58 and a cap I66 secured in the bearing member I59 opposite the. piston I58. The spring I64 tends resiliently to retain the ball I59 tightly within the cylindrical opening I6I. It will be apparent that the spherical bearing member I59, the piston I 58, and the rotor I53 are free to move laterally within the metering pump chamber I39 away from the wall or inner surface I54 of the end plate 6|. However, the spring 97 will tend to support the shaft I9 in such manner as to resiliently oppose such movement and in such event the rotor I53 will normally be movable in a circular path against the surface I54 of the end plate 6 I. Since spherical bearing member I59 and rotor I53 are free to oscillate, piston I58 will reciprocate within cylinder I5'I upon movement of rotor I53. In order to render the metering pump 54 operative during the rotation of the shaft I9 and the rotor I53, the cylinder I5'I formed within the rotor I53 is provided with a port I6'I which is adapted to move in a circular path upon the wall I 54 during the movement of the rotor I53 by the shaft I9. The port I6! is adapted to communicate with the metering pump inlet port I5I during the movement of the piston I 58 outwardly with respect 91 to. the. cylinder I51 andctoj communicateiwith meteringdischargeporttfifl whenthe; piston I58 moves inwardly with respect. to; the. cylinder I51, The discharge. .port .188- communicates through discharge passage [69' and-,conduit I1 I with the fuel supply passage. I512. formed in. theoil burnernozzle. I83. It. will; be: apparent. that-the operation of the fuel metering: pump 54 will discharge into the fuel-.supplypassage I112 of" the nozzle I83 measured. quantities or fuel: from the. fuel meter,- i-ng: pump chamber" I738. Also.,, it willbe noted that the. passages I52 and IE8 each. are connected to anti-surge chambers I14 and; I18 respectively, these chambers being at; all. times partly filled with air as: is indicatedv at I11 soas to dampen any pulsations inthes flow of the liquid received or delivered; by the metering pump The oilburner nozzle. I83 is disposed within a main air supply conduit. I18: which communicates with the centrifugal fan located. within the fan housing I3 and driven by the shaft I'2z.. Thefan supplies to the conduit I18 the main air supply for; operating the oil burningapparatus. The nozzle. I88 is. located centrally and axially within the air supply conduit I18 in such .mannerthat the air delivered. byr'thes fan. flow around the nozzle I83' toward the mixing "chamber end of the nozzle; which is indicated. by thenumeral I19. The mixing chamber. portion I.19 of the nozzle I83 comprises an annular chamber I8I for receivingv air fronr the air supply'passage H2" and a cylindrical: chamber I82 for receiving fuel from the fuel supply passage I112. The chamber I82 is disposed internally with respect. to the chamber I8I:. The endof the chamber I82 terminates in a discharge orifice: I83 with which chamber I82 communicates. through a frusto-conical vmixing passage: I'84.. The: passage; I84; is supplied with fuel from the chamber." I382 by spirally formed passageslafi. </p>
<p> During operation. of the :oil burning apparatus, it will; be apparent thatv a. 'main air supply will be delivered. to the nozzle-103' by the. conduit I18, and that the pumping; unit II will supply measured quantities of liquidfueland air to the chambers I82. and I8JI respectively. The adjustment of the by-pass I- M and: the: adjustment: of the meter-- ing pump 54-. is such. that the air: and fuel will be delivered. respectively'to: the chambers [BI and I82 at about the same pressures. The discharge orifice I83 will therefore discharge into. the air flowing within. the conduit I18 a relatively rich mixture of fuel. and primary air. Such mixture when discharged from the, orifice I83 is adapted to be ignited by an igniter I86 comprising a pair of electrodes. I81 positioned adjacent the orifice I83.. The rich mixture so ignited by the ignitor I88 will burn within. the main air supply supplied by the. conduit I18 and. beyond the'end of air cone ornozzle I89 which is provided at the end of the conduit I18 andxbeyondi the discharge orifice I83. I </p>
<p> It will be noted that the. fuel. supply conduit ITI is provided with asolenoid actuated control valve indicated at I9 I. The valve I9! comprises an armature I92 disposed within the solenoid I93 and. adapted to open and close a needle valve I94 with respect to an orifice I99 formed in a valve casing I95 which is connected within the-conduit IN. The electrical circui-tfor'operating the solenoid I88 is connected inparallel with the running windings for the motor employed in the apparatus I8 by a centrifugally actuated switch I91 which is operated by the motor shaft I98. The switch I91 comprises a bracket I99 secured 10 rigidly to the shaft I98 which abuts one end ofa spring 28I disposed: about the shaft I98 and the opposite end of which engages an axially movable ring 282 also disposed about the shaft I98. The ring 292 under influence of spring 28I- reacts on switch element 288to close the circuit through the running windings for the motor. L-shaped lever weights 288, which are adapted to fulcrum about points 288 formed at the ends of supports 281 projecting laterally with respect to the bracket IE'I-B reach on ring 282, under the influence of. centrifugal force to shift ring 2% against spring 28I to open the circuit through the running windings when the motor has attained its normal operating speed. The ring 282 engages a-switch element 288 at 289, theswitch element 288 being secured to-a casing 2H of the motor of the oil burning apparatus I8 as. is. indicated at H2. The opposite end of the switch element 288 carries a pair of contacts indicated at 2I3- adapted in oneposition to engage a con tact 2 I I andin another to engage a contact 218. In the position in which the elements of the centrifugal switch I91 are. illustrated in Fig. 8, the motor shaft I98 has attained normal operating speed and under suohconditions the solenoid atcuated valve I91 is open to allow fluid to flow from the metering pump 54 throughthe conduit ill to the fuel compartment I82. However, before the shaft I98 has reached such normal .operating speed and. after the controls of the oil burning apparatus have been actuatedin such manner as to reduce the speed of the shaft I93 below normal-operatingspeed the ring 282 will be moved by the spring 28I away from the bracket E88 and in such manner as to move the switch element 288 to break the. circuit between contacts 2I3 and 2I4 and to make. an electrical circuit betweemthe contacts 2t? and 2H5, Under such circumstances it will be apparent that the solenoid ;actu-ated valve IBI will operate to close the flow of fuel through the passage ill by closing the needle valve. 94111301 1 the orifice I98. The switch I91 therefore will not permit the flow of fuel from the metering pump Mtothe nozzle I88, except when the shaft I98 of the motor of the oil burning apparatus III is operating at a predetermined: or normal speed. However, since the motor shaft I98 operates the fan shaft I2 and the pumping unit shaft I9, it will be apparent that the fuel'metering pump 54, the fuel supply pump 58, and the air pump 38 will be operated bothbefore and after the motor shaft I98 reaches such predetermined or normal opcrating speed and the centrifugal switch I91 is actuated in such manner as to open the solenoid actuated valve I9I. Under such circumstances the air from theair pump 38. will continue to be delivered through the orifice I8-8,.but the closing of-the valve ls lywill prevent a normal how of fuel from the passages I88 into: the mixing passage IiS l; Under such circumstances the pressure will; rise the oil supply-conduit I'II to such an extent that the fluid'pressure between the rotor 1:83 and the wall I 54a will force the rotor I89away from the wall Itdjtoi an; extent great enoughto relieve the? pressure in the conduit Ill. The. rotor IE9, is movable in response to such increase-in pressure within the conduit MI by mason of the fact thatitis: possible for both the rotor. its: and the'piston 5-58. to move axially with theshaft I8 within the metering pump chamber I38. Such axial movement isprovided for by movementof the shaft I39 withing the coupling I8 and against the; compression of the spring 91, the universal connections between the shaft I9 and air pump rotor 46 and gear pump 53 permitting such axial movement of shaft 19. </p>
<p> This application is a continuation of my copending application Serial No. 13,718 for Oil Burner Pumping Unit, filed March 8, 1948, now abandoned. </p>
<p> While I have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of my invention, it is understood that this is capable of modification, and I therefore do not wish to be limited to the precise details set forth, but desire to avail myself of such changes and alterations as fall within the purview of the following claims. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and air pumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a casing having a support extending thereacross and a plurality of guides, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support, a driven shaft extending within said casing and across said support and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, fuel and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support in driven relation to said shaft, said fuel and air pumping means being mounted within said casing in engagement with said guides, means for securing said fuel and air pumping means against the opposite surfaces of said support, fuel metering means secured to said fuel pumping means within said casing, said fuel metering means being driven by said shaft and being operatively associated with the discharge side of said fuel pumping means, and means for securing said pumping unit to said oil burning apparatus with said shaft of said pumping unit in operative relation to said driving shaft of said apparatus. </p>
<p> 2. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and air pumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a casing having a support extending thereacross and a plurality of guide rails extending radially inwardly thereof, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support, a driven shaft extending within said casing and across said support and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, fuel and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support in driven relation to said shaft, said fuel and air pumping means being mounted within said casing in peripheral engagement with said guide rails, means for securing said fuel and air'pumping means against the opposite surfaces of said support, and means for securing said support to said oil burning apparatus with said shaft of said pumping unit in operative relation to said driving shaft of said apparatus. </p>
<p> 3. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and air pumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a casing having a support extending thereacross and a plurality of guide rails extending radially inwardly thereof. bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support, a driven shaft extending within said casing and across said support and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, fuel and air pumping means mounted on opposite sides of said support and being driven by said shaft, said fuel and air pumping means being mounted within said casing in peripheral engagement with said guide rails and means for securing said pumping unit to said oil burning apparatus with said shaft of said pumping unit in operative relation to said driving shaft of said apparatus. </p>
<p>4. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and anoil and air pumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a hollow'casing having a support extending transversely thereof intermediate the ends thereof, oil and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support, means for securing said oil and air pumping means to said support, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support and carried by said oil and air pumping means, said support having an aperture therein forming a seal chamber, a driven shaft extending'through said aperture and rotatably mounted within said bearings, said oil and air pumping means being arranged in driven relation to said shaft, and a running seal arranged in said chamber and around said shaft and forming a running seal between said shaft and said support, part of said supportbeing exposed to the exterior of said casing, said support being provided with ducts forming passages communicating with the inlet and discharge sides of said oil and air pumping means and terminating'in the outer surface of said casing whereby oil and air lines of the oil burning apparatus may be connected in fluid flow relation with said oil and air pumping means, said aperture forming a part of one of said passages, said seal being disposed between said oil and air pumping means so as to prevent leakage of oil along said shaft into said air pumping means. 7 </p>
<p> 5. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and an oil and air pumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a hollow tubular casing having a support extending transversely thereof, oil and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support, means for securing said oil and air pumping means to said support, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support and carried by said oil and air pumping means, said support having an aperture therethrough, a driven shaft extending through said aperture and rotatably mounted within said bearings, said oil and air pumping means being arranged in driven relation to said shaft, oil metering means secured to said oil pumping means within said casing, said oil metering means being driven by said shaft and being operatively associated with the discharge side of said oil pumping means and a running seal arranged in said aperture and around said shaft and forming a seal between said shaft and said support, said seal being disposed between said oil and air pumping means so as to prevent leakage of oil along said shaft into said air pumping means. </p>
<p> 6. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and air pumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a hollow tubular casing having a suport extending transversely thereof, fuel and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support, means for securing said fuel and air pumping means against the opposite sides of said support, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support and carried by said fuel and air pumping means, said support having an aperture therethrough, said driving shaft extending through said aperture and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, said fuel and air pumping means being arranged in driven relation to said shaft, fuel metering means within said casing, said fuel metering means including a pump element driven by said shaft and being operatively associated with the discharge side of said fuel pumping means, a block against which said pump element is adapted to move during opera- 13 I tion of said metering means, said block having duct communicating with said discharge side of said fuel pumping means, said pump element having a port adapted to be brought into and out of registry with said duct during operation of said metering means, and ball arranged in a socket in said pump element and a socket in the end of said shaft, said ball providing a universal connection between said shaft and pump element for maintaining a sealing engagement between said pump element and said block. </p>
<p> 7. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft, an oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and including a rotary element having a driving connection with said shaft adapted to permit axial movement of said shaft relative thereto, an oil metering pump arranged at the end of said shaft and including a pump element having a universal connection with said shaft and adapted to be driven thereby, a block having a lapped face and an oil duct terminating at one end in said face, said duct at its other end communicating with the discharge side of said oil supply pump, said pump element having a lapped face seated against the lapped face of said block and a port adapted to be brought into and out of registry with said duct in said block upon operation of said metering pump, said universal connection between said shaft and pump element comprising a ball arranged in a socket in said pump element and a socket in the end of said shaft, and spring means reacting on said shaft, ball, and pump element for resiliently holding the lapped face of the later in sealing relation with the lapped face of the block. </p>
<p> 8. Oil burning apparatus according to claim "I wherein said rotary element of said oil supply pump is provided with an axially extending groove, said shaft having a depression therein, said driving connection between said shaft and rotary element comprising a ball projecting into said depression and into said groove so as to provide a universal connection between said shaft and said rotary element. </p>
<p>. 9. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft, an air supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a driving connection therewith adapted to permit axial movement of said shaft relative to said air pump, an oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a driving connection therewith adapted to permit axial movement of said shaft relative to said oil supply pump, an oil metering pump arranged at the end of said shaft and including a pump element having a universal connection with said shaft and. adapted to be driven thereby, a block having a lapped face and an oil duct terminating in said face, said pump element having a lapped face seated against the lapped face of said block and a port adapted to be brought into and out of registry with said duct in said block upon operation of said metering pump, said universal connection between said shaft and pump element comprising a ball arranged in a socket in said pump element and a socket in the end of said shaft, and spring means reacting on said shaft, ball, and pump element for resiliently holding the lapped face of the latter in sealing relation with the lapped face of the block. </p>
<p> 10. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft, an air supply pump mounted on said shaft and including a rotor through which said shaft extends, a driving connection between said rotor and said shaft, and oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a rotary element through which said shaft extends, said rotary element having an axial slot therein, said shaft having a concave depression therein, a ball driving member arranged in said slot and said depression in said shaft so as to provide a universal driving connection between said shaft and said rotary element thereby permitting relative axial movement between said shaft and said rotary element, a fuel metering pump having a driven element arranged at the end of and connected to said shaft so as to be driven thereby, a block against Which said driven element of said metering pump is adapted to move and seat during operation thereof, a ball arranged between the end of said shaft and said driven element, and spring means operable for biasing said shaft, ball, and driven element toward said block, said ball providing a universal connection between'said shaft and said driven element for seating said driven element against said block. </p>
<p> 11. An oil burnin apparatus including a driving shaft, an air supply pump mounted on said shaft and including a rotor through which said shaft extends, a driving connection between said rotor and said shaft, an oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a rotary element through which said shaft extends, said rotary element having an axial slot therein, said shaft having a concave depression therein opposite said slot, a ball driving member arranged in said slot and said depression in said shaft so a to provide a universal driving connection between said shaft and said rotary element, a fuel metering pump having a driven element arranged at the end of and connected to said shaft so as to be driven thereby, a block against which said driven element of said metering pump is adapted'to move and seat during operation thereof, a ball arranged between the end of said shaft and said driven element, said ball providing at least a part of a universal connection between said shaft and said driven element. </p>
<p>12. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said shaft is movable axially relative to its bearings and to said oil and air pumping means and wherein a universal driving connection is provided between said shaft and said oil and air pumping means. </p>
<p> 13. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said metering pump is arranged at one end of said shaft in driven relation therewith and so as to take axial thrust of said shaft, and wherein said seal includes a spring biasing said shaft towards said metering pump. </p>
<p> 14. Apparatu according to claim 5 wherein said metering pump is arranged at one end of said shaft and a ball provides a universal driving connection and thrust member between said shaft and said meterin pump. </p>
<p>ROBERT R. WITHERELL. </p>
<p>REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,868,161 Dilg July 19, 1932 1,878,736 Vickers sept. 20, 1932 1,986,003 Lum Jan. 1, 1935 2,312,886 Ellinwood Mar. 2, 1943 2,383,092 Wahlmark Aug. 21, 1945 2,412,383 Baker Dec. 10, 1946 2,413,035 DeLancey Dec. 24, 1946 2,495,685 Beaman et al Jan. 31, 1950 ,5 8,982 Roosa Jan. 23, 1951 </p>
</div>
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en
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US-3353701-A
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US-47545265-A
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US
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A
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A
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23887621
| 1967-11-21
| 1965-07-28
| 1967-11-21
|
220/3.5
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H02G3/12
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H02G3/125
|
PALMER LEWIS E
|
Molded-insulation electrical box having integral spacer lugs
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57955539" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. A MOLDED PLASTIC WIRING BOX ADAPTED FOR MOUNTING IN AN OPENING CONTAINED IN A RELATIVELY THIN SHEET SECURED TO A VERTICAL SUPPORT, COMPRISING AN OPEN-FRONT BODY MOLDED OF INSULATING MATERIAL AND INCLUDING A VERTICAL REAR WALL, OPPOSED HORIZONTAL BOTTOM AND TOP WALLS, OPPOSED VERTICAL SIDE WALLS, AND A PLURALITY OF UNITARY LUGS EXTENDING INTEGRALLY FROM AND NORMAL TO THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF EACH OF SAID TOP AND BOTTOM WALLS, RESPECTIVELY, EACH OF SAID LUGS HAVING A PLANAR FRONT SURFACE ADJACENT, PARALLEL WITH AND SPACED FROM THE CORRESPONDING FREE FRONT EDGES OF SAID TOP AND BOTTOM WALLS A GIVEN DISTANCE SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO THE THICKNESS OF THE SHEET, ONE OF SAID SIDE WALLS BEING ADAPTED TO CONTIGUOUSLY ENGAGE SAID SUPPORT WHEN THE OPEN FRONT END OF THE BODY IS MOUNTED IN SAID OPENING; A POINTED PROJECTION EXTENDING FROM THE PLANAR FRONT SURFACE OF EACH OF SAID LUGS IN THE DIRECTION OF, AND SPACED FROM THE FREE FRONT EDGE OF, THE CORRESPONDING ONE OF SAID TOP AND BOTTOM WALLS; AND MEANS FOR SECURING SAID BODY TO THE SUPPORT WHEN SAID BODY IS INSERTED INTO THE OPENING FROM THE REAR SIDE OF THE SHEET, WHEREBY THE BODY IS ACCURATELY POSITIONED AND STABILIZED IN THE OPENING BY THE COOPERATION BETWEEN SAID INTEGRAL LUG MEANS AND THE REAR FACE OF THE SHEET PRIOR TO THE SECUREMENT OF THE BOX TO THE SUPPORT.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
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en
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<div>
<p>Nov. 21, 1967 Y E. PALMER 3,353,701 </p>
<p>MOLDED-INSULATION ELECTRICAL BOX HAVING INTEGRAL SPACER LUGS Filed July 28, 1965 INVENTOR LEWIS E. PALMER ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3 353 701 MOLDED-IPJdULATIGhI ELECTRICAL BOX HAVING INTEGRAL SPACER LUGS Lewis E. Palmer, Washington, W. Va., assignor to Union Insulating Company, Parkersburg, W. Va., a corporation of West Virginia Filed July 28, 1965, Ser. No. 475,452 2 Claims. (Cl. 2203.5) </p>
<p>ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A molded electrical wiring box including at its upper and lower ends integral external lug means for abutting the rear face of a panel containing an opening in which the box is mounted. The lug means accurately position and stabilize the box prior to the nailing of the box to a stud support. </p>
<p> This invention relates generally to an improved molded-insulation electrical wiring box, and more particularly to an improved nail-fastened molded wiring box specifically designed for house trailer use and including at each end integral spacer lug means for accurately positioning and stabilizing the box when inserted forwardly through an opening in an interior plywood panel prior to nailing of the box to a stud support. </p>
<p> In the prior US. Patent No. 3,176,869 which issued to D. W. Kinney on Apr. 6, 1965, and was assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, a unitary nailfastened insulated outlet box is disclosed that is formed by molding from a conventional non-metallic insulating material. This prior wiring box is formed by simple molding apparatus consisting solely of two die parts having relative linear movement, whereby laterally movable molding parts are not required. An object of the prior invention was to provide in the molded box at the juncture between the bottom and end walls thereof a plurality of longitudinally aligned grooves some of which open into the interior of the box and the others open to the exterior of the box, thereby defining a nail-receiving passageway including a plurality of solid Wall portions which support and guide the nail and prevent it from being bent when it is hammered into a support. </p>
<p> An important market for such non-metallic molded insulation wiring boxes is the house trailer construction field, wherein the electrical insulating properties and low unit cost of molded insulation boxes are important advantages recommending their use over conventional sheet metal wiring boxes. However, certain installation problems must be considered as a consequence of the insideout manner in which conventional house trailers are normally manufactured. More specifically, owing to limitations of size and simplicity of manufacture, it is conventional in the house trailer field to first secure to the wall studs the interior plywood panels and then to electrically wire the trailer from without. In order to properly mount a nail-fastened molded-insulation wiring box in an opening contained in a plywood panel so that the free edges of. the open-topped box are flush with the interior face of the panel, a workman outside the trailer requires some means for properly positioning and stabilizing the box in the opening prior to nailing the box to the wooden stud. In the prior patented art, various means have been proposed in the metallic wiring box art for securing a box in a wall opening. Examples of such known securing means are presented in the U.S. patents to Kruse No. 989,854, Miller No. 1,536,906, Hodges No. 1,662,422 and I-Iu'bbell No. 1,999,194. While these known devices have general utility, they do not afford the aforementioned advantages of the molded insulation wiring box of the present invention as specifically designed for house trailer construction use. </p>
<p> Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a unitary open-front electrical wiring box molded of insulation material and including, in combination, integral lug means extending normal to, and equally spaced from the free edges of, the top and bottom walls of the box, and nail-receiving passageways molded in the box at the junctures between the rear wall and said top and bottom walls. These lug and passageway means are integrally formed on and in the molded box, respectively, by simple molding apparatus including two die parts having relative linear movement, whereby no laterally moving molding parts are required. As a consequence of the invention, when the molded wiring box is to be mounted in an opening contained in a plywood panel forming an interior wall surface of a trailer, the box is inserted from without, forwardly through the opening until the integral lug means on the box engage the rear surface of the panel, whereupon the box is nailed to the stud to which the panel is secured. In accordance with an important feature of the invention, each of the lug means is spaced from the free edge of the corresponding top or bottom wall of the box a distance equal to the thickness of the plywood panel, whereby the free edges of the side and end walls of the box are substantially coplanar with the decorative interior face of the panel. </p>
<p> In accordance with a more specific object of the invention, each of the lug means at the top and bottom of the box comprises a pair of laterally spaced lugs integral with and extending orthogonally from the end walls of the molded-insulation box. Each of the lugs has-a planar end face adjacent the edge of the corresponding end wall, said end face being parallel with the plane containing the free edges of the box. This face is normally spaced from the edge a distance equal to the thickness of the panel. In accordance with a more detailed object of the invention, each lug includes at least one pointed projection that is adapted to penetrate the rear surface of the panel when the box is mounted in the opening, thereby further assisting in stabilizing and positioning the box relative to the panel prior to nailing of the box to the stud. In instances where the thickness of the panel does not quite equal the lug spacing distance (from the free edge of the corresponding end wall), the pointed extremities may be caused to merely abut (and not penetrate) the rear surface of the panel prior to nailing of the box to the stud. </p>
<p> Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a study of the following specification when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: </p>
<p> FIGURE 1 is a detailed front elevational view of an interior portion of a trailer wall in which the insulated electrical wiring box of the present invention is mounted; </p>
<p> FIGURE 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIGURE 1; </p>
<p>FIGURE 3 is a rear view of structure of FIGURE 1; </p>
<p> FIGURE 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIGURE 2; and </p>
<p> FIGURES 5-7 are detailed front, side and top views, respectively, of an integral spacer lug formed on an end wall of the wiring box. </p>
<p> Referring now to the drawing, the open-front rectangular electrical wiring box is molded of a conventional insulating material (for example, a phenolic resin compound such as Bakelite, or other resinous materials, such as urea, vinyl or epoxy resin products) and includes a rear wall 4, a pair of opposed side walls 6, and bottom and top walls 8. Extending forwardly from the rear Wall on the inner face of the bottom and top walls 8 are a pair of centrally-arranged integral cars 10 having threaded bores 12 that receive screws for fastening the mounting strap of a switch, outlet receptacle or other electrical device to the box. As shown in FIGURE 4, conventional knock-out plugs 13 are partially formed in each top and bottom wall to afford passage means through which the insulated wires may be introduced into the box for connection with the electrical device supported thereby. As disclosed in the aforementioned Kinney Patent No. 3,176,869, the body 2 has molded therein inwardly and outwardly directed grooves 14 and 16, respectively, adjacent the junctures of the rear wall with the top and bottom walls, respectively, which grooves define nail-receiving passageways that extend parallel to the plane of the open face of the body from one side wall to the other. The apparatus thusfar described is similar to the Wiring box disclosed in the aforementioned Kinney patent. </p>
<p> The wiring box of the present invention is adapted for mounting in a rectangular opening 20 contained in the plywood panel 22 that'constitutes the inner wall surface of a trailer. As is conventional in trailer construction, the plywood panel 22 is secured to a wooden stud 24 that extends vertically adjacent an edge of the opening 20. In accordance with the invention, the wiring box includes at each end a pair of integral lugs 26 that are molded integrally with the end walls during manufacture of the box. Each of the lugs 26 has a planar end face 26a (FIG- URES 6 and 7) that is spaced from the free edge of the corresponding top and bottom walls a distance x, which distance is generally equal to the thickness of the plywood panel 22. </p>
<p> Extending horizontally from the planar end face 26a of each lug 26 is an integral pointed projection 28 which terminates a distance y (FIGURE 6) from the edge of the corresponding top and bottom walls 8. </p>
<p> To secure the box in an opening contained in a panel, the nails 30 are partially driven into the nail-receiving passageways and the open-front'portion of the box is inserted from the rear surface of the panel forwardly through the opening 20 until the pointed extremities of the projections 28 engage the rear surface of the plywood panel 22. One side wall of the panel contiguously engages the stud 24 (as shown in FIGURE 4), and assuming that the thickness of the panel equals the lug spacing distance x shown in FIGURES 6 and 7, the box is further urged forwardly to cause the projections 28 to penetrate the rear surface of the panel. The free edges of the side, top and bottom walls of the box are now substantially coplanar with the forward surface of the panel 22, whereupon the nails 30 are driven home to secure the box to the stud 24. </p>
<p> In the event that the box is to be used with a plywood panel having a thickness equal to the dimension y in FIG URE 6, in mounting the box in the opening prior to nailing, the box is merely inserted forwardly through the opening until the extremities of the projections 26 engage (but do not penetrate) the rear surface of the plywood panel. Following this engagement (at which time the free edges of the box are coplanar with the forward surface of the panel), the nails are driven home to secure the box to the wooden stud. </p>
<p> Although the present invention has been described in connection with rectangular boxes adapted for mounting in corresponding wall openings, it is apparent that the inventive concept is applicable to boxes of other configurations (i.e., square, octagonal, circular, oval and the like) adapted for mounting in corresponding wall openings. </p>
<p> While in accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the preferred form and embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the apparatus described without deviating from the invention set forth in the following claims. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. A molded plastic wiring box adapted for mounting in an opening contained in a relatively thin sheet secured to a vertical support, comprising an open-front body molded of insulating material and including a vertical rear wall, opposed horizontal bottom and top walls, opposed vertical side walls, and a plurality of. unitary lugs extending integrally from and normal to the external surface of each of said top and bottom walls, respectively, each of said lugs having a planar front surface adjacent, parallel with and spaced from the corresponding free front edges of said top and bottom walls a given distance substantially equal to the thickness of the sheet, one of said side walls being adapted to contiguously engage said support When the open front end of the body is mounted in said opening; </p>
<p>a pointed projection extending from the planar front surface of each of said lugs in the direction of, and spaced from the free front edge of, the corresponding one of said top and bottom walls; </p>
<p>and means for securing said body to the support when said body is inserted into the opening from the rear side of the sheet, whereby the body is accurately positioned and stabilized in the opening by the cooperation between said integral lug means and the rear face of the sheet prior to the securement of the box to the support. </p>
<p> 2. A molded plastic wiring box adapted for mounting in an opening contained in a relatively thin sheet secured to a vertical support, comprising an open-front body molded of insulating material and including a vertical rear wall, opposed horizontal bottom and top walls, opposed vertical side walls, and a plurality of laterally spaced unitary lugs extending integrally from and normal to the external surface of each of said top and bottom walls, respectively, each of said lugs having a planar front surface adjacent, parallel with and spaced from the corresponding free front edges of said top and bottom walls a given distance substantially equal to the thickness of the sheet, one of said side walls being adapted to contiguously engage said support when the open front end of the body is mounted in said opening; </p>
<p>and mounting ear means centrally arranged on, and </p>
<p>wholly contained between, the adjacent inner surfaces of said top and bottom walls andv extending forwardly from said rear wall, each of said mounting ears containing a threaded bore by means of which an electrical device may be screw-mounted within the box; </p>
<p>said body having molded therein horizontal nail-receiving passageways at the junctures of said rear wall wall with said top and bottom walls, respectively, and passageways extending from one side wall to the other, whereby said box is accurately positioned and stabilized in said opening by the cooperation between said integral lugs and the rear surface of said panel prior to the driving of nails through said passageways into the support. </p>
<p>References Qited UNITED STATES PATENTS 856,640 6/ 1907 Huntting 2203.6 982,193 1/1911 Thayer 2203.4 1,893,357 1/1933 Carlson 220-3.6 2,126,259 8/1938 Howells et al 2203.6 2,688,417 9/1954 Bowers 220-39 3,176,869 4/1965 Kinney 220--3.9 3,251,130 5/1966 Miles 2203.4 </p>
<p>THERON E. CONDON, Primary Examiner. </p>
<p>JAMES R. GARRETT, Examiner. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2019319-A
|
US-67142933-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24694474
| 1935-10-29
| 1933-05-17
| 1935-10-29
|
210/428.
|
C02F9/00
|
C02F9/20
|
JACK ROBINOVITZ
|
Mixing faucet
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Oct. 29, 1935. J. RoBlNovn-z MIXING FAUCE T Filed May 1'7, 1953 Patented Oct. 29, 1935 OFFICE MIXING FAUCET poration of Illinois Application May 17, 1933, Serial No. 671,429 </p>
<p>7 Claims. </p>
<p> The present invention relates to mixing faucets, and more in particular to a novel construction of such a faucet provided with a filter, and in the construction of the filter. </p>
<p> Among the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel construction of mixing faucet provided with a removable filtering cartridge for fitting the water passing therethrough. </p>
<p> A further object is the provision of a novel filter adapted to be readily inserted, removed or replaced in the faucet. In the present embodiment, the filter is mounted upon or carried by an end cap or closure for the faucet chamber or casing, is automatically located or positioned in predetermined, operative position when the closure is screwed into the chamber, and is removable with the closure. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a novel cartridge provided with filtering material such as charcoal, carbon, and/or other carbonaceous material or the like suitable for the purpose of filtering the liquid passing therethrough. v </p>
<p> Still another object of the invention is the provision of a member adapted to filter the liquid passing into the mixing chamber of a faucet, and so constructed and arranged that all the liquid which is to be filtered must pass through said member. </p>
<p> A further object of the invention is to provide a filter for a mixing faucet for filtering the cold Water passing therethrough, and so arranged that the discharge end of' the filter is adapted to receive a portion of the flow from the hot water faucet whereby such hot water flows in the filter in a direction opposite to the path taken by the cold water and thereby flushes the filtering material. This flushing operation prolongs the life of the filter and prevents a packing of the filtering material and impedance to the normal fiow of liquid in the one direction. Although the drawing discloses the filter as connected to and filtering only the cold Water, it is to be understood that either the cold or hot water may be filtered should the occasion arise. </p>
<p>For that purpose, the mixing chamber is provided with interchangeable closures or end caps so that the filter cartridge may be inserted from either side. Also, it will be evident that the cartridge may be made smaller, or the mixing chamber be made larger so that a filter may be provided for both the cold and hot water. Such construction may be desirable for hospital use or other purposes. </p>
<p>Further objects are to provide a construction of maximum simplicity, efficiency and ease of assembly, operation and maintenance, and such further objects, advantages and capabilities as will later more fully appear and as are inherently possessed thereby. 5 </p>
<p> The invention further resides in the combination, construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawing, and while there is sho-wn therein a preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible of modification and change and comprehends other details and constructions, Without departing from the spirit of the invention. </p>
<p>In the drawing: </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a view` in side elevation of the mixing faucet. </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is a view in horizontal cross section taken through the casing in a plane represented by the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, but omitting the de- 20 tails of the valves, handles and discharge nozzle, and showing part of the filtering material in side elevation and part completely removed to show the inlet openings in the filtering cartridge. </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a View in side elevation of the filter 25 cartridge and end closure for the mixing chamber. </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a view in vertical cross section taken in a plane represented by the line 4-4 of Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Referring more particularly to the disclosure 30 in the drawing, thenovel construction of mixing faucet comprises a casing or casting' I adapted to form a mixing chamber, the ends 2 and 3 thereof being enlarged and interiorly threaded to receive threaded end caps or clo- 35 sures 4 and 5. A soap dish or container Iiv is` formed on the upper side of the casting I, while at the opposite ends on the under side of the casting are provided rearwardly extending nipples I each adapted to be connected to the inlet 40 end of a pipe 8 by means of a coupling 9. One of the pipes 8 is normally adapted to carry cold water while the pipe at the opposite end of' the mixing faucet is adapted to carry hot water. </p>
<p> Each nipple I is provided with a valve seat Ill 45 adapted to receive a valve II for closing the inlet I2 and thereby prevent the liquid from passing from the inlet through the port I 2a leading to the mixing chamber. This valve is mounted upon a valve stem I Ia having an enlarged thread- 50 `ed portion I3 adapted to be received in complementary threads I4 formed in the casting I and permitting longitudinal movement of the valve member II whereby to seat or unseat the same. 'I he threaded cap or nut I5 seats on an exteriorly 55 threaded extension IB which houses the valve, the threaded cap centering and forming a bearing for the valve stem and being provided with a packing I1. The handle I8 is adapted to rotate the valve stem and seat or unseat the valve member. As the valve construction for both the cold and hot water are similar in construction, but one of them has been shown in detail. </p>
<p> The casting I is provided or formed with a downwardly extending portion I9 having a discharge outlet 20 for the discharge of the liquid from the mixing chamber. This extension is exteriorly threaded at 2| to receive a coupling 22 carrying a nozzle 23. The mounting of the nozzle is such as to permit universal rotation thereof. </p>
<p> In Figs. 2 and 3 is disclosed the novel filter construction. This filter comprises a cylindrical cartridge or housing 24 adapted to contain filtering material 25 such as carbon,charcoal and/0r other carbonaceous or filtering material suitable for the purpose. This cartridge is shown as having its one end suitably mounted in the closure or end cap 5 and adapted to be removed or assembled therewith. Adjacent the end mounted in the closure or cap, the side wall of the cartridge -is perforated as at 26 to receive the liquid discharged from the inlet I2 of the pipe, which in the illustrated embodiment is the cold water pipe. </p>
<p> In order that all of the flow from this cold water pipe passes through the perforations 26 and into the interior of the cartridge 24, the wall of the cartridge is crimped outwardly Vto provide an annular bead or ange 21 adapted to fit conformably within the casting I. Adjacent the bead or flange is provided a washer 28 encompassing the cartridge and adapted to seat against an annular shoulder or rib 29 formed on the interior of the casting. As the end cap or closure 5 carrying the cartridge 24, is screwed into the casting or mixing chamber,Y the washer will contact the inner periphery of the chamber and the bead 21 will force this washer 28-against the annular shoulder 29 and form a liquid tight seal, thereby preventing any by-passing of the liquid around the cartridge withoutgoirig therethrough. The opposite or discharge end of the cartridge is provided with a perforated disc 3|)` functioning p as a filter screen and end wall for retaining the filtering material 25 within the cartridge. As disclosed in Fig. 2, this perforated disc is adjacent the hot water inlet I2 and a portion of the fiow of the hot water will pass through this disc and into the cartridge in a direction opposite to the fiow of the cold water therethrough, and will thus fiush the filtering material and prevent a packing thereof so as to eliminate any impedance to the normal flow and filtration of the liquid. A thorough and 4complete flushing of the filtering material may be accomplished by loosening the closure or end cap 5 to permit the hot water which flows through the filter to escape at this end of the filter unit. If it is desired that all of the hot water pass therethrough, this may be accomplished by closing olf the outlet 23 as by means of a closure or placing the finger thereover, so that all the water from the hot water inlet must pass through Athe filter unit. This flushing operation prolongs the life and usefulness of the filter. If desired, the filtering material may be chemically or otherwise treated. </p>
<p> Although the drawing discloses the filter as merely filtering the cold water passing into the mixing chamber, it is to be understood that either or both the cold and the hot water may be filtered if so desired. The closures or end caps 4 and 5 are interchangeable and are each adapted to receive a filter. </p>
<p> From the above disclosure and description, it 5 will be readily apparent that the invention comprehends a novel construction of mixing chamber and filtering device therefor which is simple and efficient in operation and which can be cheaply constructed. l0 </p>
<p>Having thus disclosed the invention, I claim: </p>
<p> 1. In a mixing faucet provided with a unitary casing forming a mixing chamber, liquid inlets and control valves therefor in the opposite ends of said chamber and an outlet intermediate said l5 inlets, and a renewable and readily replaceable unit adapted to be inserted longitudinally in said chamber and provided with filtering material, said unit being spaced from the side wall of the mixing chamber and provided with openings at an end thereof and adjacent one of said inlets and communicating with the interior of said unit, complementary closure members on the side wall of the mixing chamber and unit for preventing passage of unfiltered liquid from said last mentioned inlet to the outlet and additional openings in the opposite end of said unit adjacent the other inlet and communicating with the space between the filter and chamber and the faucet outlet for discharge of the filtered liquid. 30 </p>
<p> 2. In a unitary mixing faucet provided with a mixing chamber, liquid inlets and control valves in the opposite ends of said chamber and a liquid outlet intermediate said ends, a removable closure for one end of said chamber, a filtering body 35 carried by said closure, the side walls of said body being perforated only at one end thereof for passage of the liquid from one of said inlets to the interior of the body, a perforated end wall at the opposite end of the chamber for the dis- Li0 charge of the filtered liquid, and abutting annul'lar flanges in said chamber and on said body closure therebetween for preventing the passage 55 of unfiltered liquid from said one inlet to the outlet, the discharge end of said cartridge being adjacent the other of said inlets whereby liquid flowing from said other inlet will enter said cartridge and pass therethrough in a reverse direction and 60 thereby flush said filtering material. </p>
<p> 4. In a mixing faucet provided with aniixing chamber and a hot and cold water inlet and an outlet, a member provided with filtering material and adapted to be inserted in said chamber in 65 spaced relation with the side wall thereof for filtering the cold water, and closure means for preventing the cold water passing to the outlet except through the filtering member, said member being imperforate except for openings at one 70 end thereof communicating with said cold water inlet and the interior of said member and openings adjacent the hot waterV inlet whereby the discharged hot water may pass into and through said filtering member in a direction opposite to 75 that of the cold water and thereby ush the filtering material therein. </p>
<p> 5. In a unitary mixing faucet formed with a mixing chamber and liquid inlets adjacent the oppositeends thereof and control valves for said inlets, a liquid outlet from said chamber, a detachable closure for one end of said chamber, a filter cartridge mounted on said closure and removable therewith as a unit and communicating with one of said inlets for filtering the liquid passing therefrom, said cartridge being spaced from the inner wall of said chamber to permit a discharge of the filtered liquid at a point intermediate the opposite ends of said cartridge, and complementary abutting surfaces on said cartridge and chamber for preventing the passage of unfiltered liquid from said one inlet to the outlet. </p>
<p>6. In a mixing faucet, a mixing chamber therefor having an inlet adjacent each of the opposite ends thereof and an outlet intermediate said ends, a detachable closure for one of the ends of the chamber, a filter cartridge removably mounted in said chamber, an inlet for said cartridge adjacent one of said inlets to said chamber for filtering the liquid passing therethrough, means for confining ing material. </p>
<p>'7. In a mixing faucet, a mixing chamber therefor comprising an elongated receptacle having an k inlet and a control valve therefor adjacent each of the opposite ends thereof, an outlet for said faucet intermediate said inlets, a detachable closure member for an end of the receptacle, a filter readily insertable in and removable from said receptacle, said filter having an inlet adjacent one end and an outlet at the other end and having its body spaced from the interior of the chamber to permit a discharge of the filtered liquid from Said filter and through said outlet, and means for confining the liquid to be filtered whereby such liquid must pass through the filter prior to being discharged. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1526014-A
|
US-55802922-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24227880
| 1925-02-10
| 1922-05-02
| 1925-02-10
|
392/327.
|
H05B1/02
|
H05B1/0222
|
RUSSELL ANDREW N
|
Method of controlling the electric generation of steam and apparatus therefor
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Feb. 10, 1925. 1,526,014 </p>
<p> A. N. RUSSELL ET AL METHOD OF CONTROLLIMG THE ELECTRIC GENERATION OF STEAM AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Filed May 2 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. v 0, 1925. 1,526,014 </p>
<p> A. N. RUSSELL ET AL METHOD OF CONTROLLIMG THE ELECTRIC GENERATION OF STEAM AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Filed May 2. 1922 2 SheetsSheet 2 Patented Feb. 10, 1925. </p>
<p>UNITED STATEs. </p>
<p>ANDREW N. RUSSELL, BERNARD I 1,526,014 eArsNr FFECE. </p>
<p>A. MALKIN', AND WILLIAM P. MUIR, F LACHINE, QUEEEG, CANADA. </p>
<p>METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE ELECTRIC GENERATION OF STEAM AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. </p>
<p>Application filed May 2, 1922. Serial No. 558,029. </p>
<p>To all whom it may conce n: </p>
<p> Be it known that we, ANDREW N. RussnLL, a citizen of the United States of America, BERNARD A. MALKIN, and TIL- LIAM P. MUIR, both subjects of the King of Great Britain, and all residents of the city of Lachine, in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Methods of Controlling the Electric Generation of Steam and Apparatus Therefor, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. The electric steam generators with which this invention deals comprise electrodes submerged in water which acts as a re-v sistance, and is heated by flow of current to a point where steam is generated. The </p>
<p> current capacity of the generator is proportional to the submerged area of the electrodes, and as it is not convenient to move the electrodes to regulate the amount of submergence, the method resorted to has been to vary the water level. Usually water is admitted to the generator at a constant rate equal to the maximum evaporating capacity and the level, and therefore the current input and amount of evaporation are regulated by means of a controlled outflow of water. </p>
<p>' Electric steam generators of the-water resistance type are intended to be used, chiefly, as a means of utilizing surplus power which would otherwise go to waste as, for instance, during the night, or at any time where the consumer has contracted for a certain amount of power in excess of ordinary needs. </p>
<p> In either case there is a tendency for the generators to take the maximum amount of current for which they are designed, and in order to prevent these generators from robbing other power taking devices it is necessary to limit the power input of the generators. This is usually done'by regulating the amount of submergence of the electrodes, and thereby limiting the ca pacity of the generator to take power. Automatic regulating devices for these generators have already been proposed, but such regulators are governed by the demand for steam, and therefore are useless to regulate the generator independently 'of such demand. Theregulationhas been efi ected, </p>
<p>y as aforesaid, by altering the submergence of the electrodes. </p>
<p> The present invention deals with the automatic regulation of these generators in accordance with the surplus of power which is available for other operations, and the object is to regulate the generator so that it will not rob other power taking devices in the plant. This regulation is effected by regulating the water level. Assuming a line having a capacity of 5,000 kw. or a consumer who has a contract for 5,000 kw. for which he must pay, regardless of the amount actually taken, it Wlll be seen that the installation of a generator to absorb the surplus electric power and convert it into steam for heating or industrial purposes will represent an economy, even though the actual cost of thus generating the steam may be in excess of the cost of other methods of generation, because the other methods of generation will be suspendedto an extent equal to the electric generation. </p>
<p>The electric generator which would be installed in such a lant would, naturally, </p>
<p>"be of the full capacity of the line or of the full amount of the contract, that is 5,000 kw. The nature of the generatoris to take its maximum of power as long as there is a demand of steam up to the maximum output. Assuming that other devices in the plant are taking 3500 kw. it will be seen that there is a surplus of 1500 kw. available for the generator. If, however, the steam demand is in excess of the equivalent of 1500 kw. it will be seen that a generator, as ordinarily installed, would tend automatically to supply the demand for steam, and in so doing would take more than 1500 kw. thus robbing other units in the plant in the case of a limited capacity line, or exceeding the consumers contract amount. Supposing, under such conditions, the generator took 2500 kw. it will be seen that the total load is 6000 kw. being 1000 kw. in excess of the line capacity. </p>
<p> According to the present invention, certain electrical equipment is provided which under the overload condition above described will initiate the operation of means to discharge water from the generator until the load in the line is normal. The invention also contemplates means to automatically empty the generator in the event regulateinflow of water under certain conditions. For regulating the outflow of water the means comprises an electrically operated pilot valve to admit steam, or </p>
<p>other motive fluid, to means for opening a: drainage valve. The electrical equipment may take many forms, but the most satisfactory is believed to be a solenoid controlling the pilot valve and taking the current flow through a relay device operated, preferably, in connection with the main line through a transformer. The means for controlling the supply of water comprises] a very similar device, having, in addition, connections permitting the level of the water in the boiler to regulate the supply. </p>
<p>In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram which illustrates one embodi-. </p>
<p>ment of the invention. </p>
<p> Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a sli htly difl'erent arrangement. </p>
<p> ieferring more particularly to the drawings, 11 designates an electric boiler taking current from a mainline 12, and supplied with water through a pipe 13, capable of supplying the maximum demand of the boiler. A drain pipe 1-'1- is provided leading from the'boiler, and having any suitable means 15 to regulate the amount of water drained from the boiler. This constitutes the usual equipment. </p>
<p> According to this invention there is provided a supplementary drainage valve 16 located, preferably, in an independent drainage pipe 17, and controlled in any suitable way, for example, by a spring pressed piston 18 which normally holds the valve 16 closed. The fluid pressure supply conduit 19 leads to the piston conveniently from the boiler itself and contains a con-- trolling valve 20, which may be operated by any suitable means, such as a solenoid 21, included, preferably, in a secondary circuit 22 and controlled by a relay device 23, which is in turn controlled by overload in the line 12. A transformer 24 is, preferably, inserted between the line and the relay device for obvious reasons. The relay device is of any suitable construction which will enable it to hold the solenoid inoperative until it receives an excessive current resulting from overload in the line 12. </p>
<p>The operation is as follows As long as the load in the line 12 is within predetermined limits, the current received by the relay device through the transformer is insufficient for its operation. When, however, there is an overload, the relay operates "to close the circuit on the solenoid 21'which then draws its core and opens the valve 20 admitting steam from the boiler to the plunger 18, and moving the plunger against its load spring to open the valve 16 andcause a discharge of water from the boiler. iAs long as the overload condition prevails, the solenoid holds the valve 20 open, and the drain valve 16 is held open. The'resulting discharge of water from the generator very soon lowers its current consumption so that the overload condition ceases. The relay may then operate to open the solenoid circuit and permit closing of the drainage valve, or the arrangement may be such that the valve requires manual closmg. </p>
<p>While the device has been operating as previously described, the normalsupply of water to the generator continues through the pipe 13. If a more rapid regulation of 'receive steam independently through a pipe 28, and suitable alarm device 29 whenever the water in the boiler reaches the normal maximum level. Preferably the load spring of the plunger 25 will return the valve 26 to open position as soon as steam pressure is excluded from the plunger.- A pair of oppositely operating check valves 30 and 31 may, if desired, be included in the pipe 27, and either or both of them rendered inoperative to control the direction in which the steam will flow through the pipe, for example, if the check. 30 is inoperative the valve 26 will close every time the valve. 16 opens and very rapid regulation will result. but, on the other hand. the valve 16 will not operate when the valve 26 is operated by steam taken throughthe device 29. If the check 31 is inoperative the valve 16 will operate with the valve 26 whenever steam is passed through the device 29, but the valve. </p>
<p>is, therefore, advisable to provide means for automatically emptying the boiler if the current flow in the line 12 should cease, for example, by reason of a breakdown of a generator or a break in the line itself. To accomplish this there may be provided a spring pressed sleeve slideable on the spindle 83 which connects the plunger and valve 26. The spindle may be provided with a projection 34 so that it will receive motion inione direction from the sleeve. The </p>
<p>spring pressure on the sleeve 32 should be greater than the spring pressure on the piston for the reason that the pressures are opposed. Any suitable mechanism may be provided to hold the sleeve 32 normally inoperative so that it will not interfere with the movement of the-spindle by the plunger 25. Such a means may be a fulcrumed lever 35 connected to a. toggle 36, the collapse of which, in one direction, is limited. The mid point of the toggle may be connected to a piston 37 so that by the application of pres sure to this piston the toggle may be moved to a position in which it will be collapsed by spring pressure on the lever. In order to admit operating fluid to this piston there may be provided an arrangement similar to that provided for the valve 20 and comprising, for example, a no load or under-load switch 38, arranged to operate a relay 39 included in a circuit 40 with a solenoid 41. The local circuit 40 may, if desired, be the same circuit as the local circuit 22. The solenoid may be connected to operate a valve 42 to admit steam through the pipe 43 to the piston 3?. </p>
<p> As an adjunct, the generator may be providedwith a special safety device which ,will operate automatically if the water in the generator reaches a dangerous level, either through the failure of the device 29 located at the normal high water level, or from any other cause. This safety device may comprise an automatic valve 44 to operate automatically when the water reaches a dangerous level, and admit steam from the boiler through the pipe 45 to the pipe 43 between the valve 42 ahd piston 37, so as to cause the operation of the toggle mechanism, and the positive closing of the valve 26. A check valve 46 may be included in the pipe 45 if" desired. It will be observed that the difference between the two automatic devices 29 and 44 is that the former admits steam to the plunger 25 so that the valve may be partly closed and then permitted to open by spring action on the plunger, whereas the latter admits steam to efiect a positive and complete closure of the valve 26 which cannot be opened except by manual operation of the levers and toggle to relieve the valve 26 of pressure imparted by the spring pressed sleeve As will be seen fromthe foregoing description, the essence of the invention lies in regulating an electric steam generator, according to the electric load in the means, so that the total of current taken by the generator and any other current taking device shall not exceed a predetermined amount. The regulation is applied to the generator normally by regulating the amount of water discharge, but under conditions of emergency by regulating the water supply as well. The arrangement as shown permits, also, of regulating both suppl Y and discharge under normal conditions, ut this dual regulation is not believed to be, ordinarily, necessary, </p>
<p>and therefore, preferably, the check valve 31 is omitted or rendered inoperative so that the regulation according to line load is effected solely by discharge from the generator, while the regulation by the device 29, according to the water level, is effective on both supply and discharge. A no load condition in the line or a dangerous water level will result in a positive and complete stoppage of the water supply. It the water supply is cut oil on account of dangerous water level there will, probably, also be an operation of the valve 20 under the-usual overload condition, for the reason that the danger level will, probably, give a submergence of electrodes which will result in the generator taking more than the rated maximum of current. </p>
<p> In the diagram, Figure 2, an arrangement is illustrated which is purely electrical in its operation. A transformer 47 is connected to the supply lines of the steam generator, preferably, between the generator and the circuit breaker 48. The secondary circuit of this transformer designated 49 has connected in it a. solenoid or similar device 50 operating as long as there is current flowing to hold the spring closing, feed regulating, valve 26 to some extent open. A pair of circuit breakers 51 and 52 are included in the circuit, the circuit breaker 51 being designed for operation by the solenoid or equivalent device 21 under the overload conditions already explained. For the second circuit breaker 52 there is provided an operating solenoid, or the like, designated 53, and arranged, preferably, in parallel with the solenoid 50. There is provided in circuit with the solenoid 53, a normally open circuit maker 54 operatively connected with the high water alarm device 29. Ordinarily, the circuit 49 is closed during the operation of the generator, and the feed regulating valve 26 is thereby held more or less open, the degree of opening depending, of course, upon the current flow in the secondary circuit which, in turn, depends upon the current flowing to the generator. If the main line 12 becomes overloaded the relay 23 closes the circuit of the solenoid 21 which draws up its armature and operates the circuit breaker 51 to open the, secondary circuit 49, so that the solenoid 50 is ole-energized and the feed valve 26 closes. In the event of water reaching the maximum normal level the alarm device 29 operates to close the circuit maker Y54 and energize the solenoid 53 which operates the circuit breaker 52 to open the secondary circuit 49, with the results above described. </p>
<p> While this electrical arrangement has been described only in its relation to the regulation of water supply, it will be understood that it may be, also, arranged to control a normally open discharge valve, a solenoid such as 50 then normally operating to urge the discharge valve toward complete closure. </p>
<p> Either or both of these valves may be used as in the previously described form. It will be understood, therefore, that the invention is-not limited to the particular arrangement of the electrically operating embodiment herein disclosed, but applies to all modifications thereof which fall within the scope of the appended claims. </p>
<p> Having thus described our invention what we claim is a g 1; A method of regulating electric steam generators, coupled with other power taking devices, on a line which comprises varying the water level of the generators inversely with fluctuations of current flow in the line, </p>
<p>to maintain as nearly as possible a predeof current taken by the generator to the difference between a fixed amount and the amount taken by the other devices of the installation, which comprises regulating the levelof water in the generator inversely of the fluctuations in the total current flowing in the line. </p>
<p>4. A method, according to claim 3, in </p>
<p>which the regulation is effected by discharg-' ing water in varying amount from the generator. V </p>
<p> 5. Means for controlling electric steam generators comprising a discharge valve, and means operating automatically according to theamount of current flowing in the line serving the generator to operate said valve; t </p>
<p> 6. Means for regulating electric steam generators to take only the unrequired part of a predetermined amount of current, comprising a discharge valve, means to open and close said valve, andmeans to apply an actuating force to the opening and closing means, including a pilot valve and operating means therefor, and an overload device controlling said pilot valve operating means, </p>
<p>and operatively connected in the circuit sup plying the generator. </p>
<p> 7. A method of regulating electric steam generators, which comprises discharging water therefrom inversely of the surplus of current flowing in the line and available for the generator, and independently regulating the supply of water to the generator in accordance with the fluctuations of current available for such generator. </p>
<p> 8. Means for regulating electric steam generators, compris ng a normally closed predetermined amount of water in the generator. </p>
<p>10. In combination with a device according to claim 8, means to open and close the admission valve in accordance with the fluctuations of the water level. </p>
<p> 11. In combination with a device according to claim 8, means to close the admission valve when no current is flowing in the means supplying the generator. </p>
<p> 12. Means for regulating electric steam generators, comprising a normally closed water supply valve, electro-magnetic means normally urging said valve to open position, an electric overload device and means actuated thereby to de-energize the magnetic valve opening device. </p>
<p> 13. Means for regulating electric steam generators, comprising a normally closed water supply valve, an electro-magnetic device normally urging said'valve to open position, a supply circuit for said magnetic device-including a magnetic circuit breaker in parallel with the magnetic device, the circuit of said magnetic circuit breaker being normally open, and a water'level actuated circuit closer therefor. </p>
<p> 14:. In an installation ofcurrent taking devices including an electric steam generator, means for regulating the amount of current taken by the generator to the differ-' ence between a fixed amount and the amount taken by the other devices in the installation, comprising a transformer disposed in the supply mains of the installation outside all the current taking devices thereof, an electrically operated water supply .valve for the generator and an overload relay device controlling said valve and operated by current from said transformer. </p>
<p> 15. Means for controlling electric steam generators comprising a supply valve and means, operating automatically according to the amount of current flowing in the line serving the generator, to operate said valve. 16. .A method of regulating electric steam generators, which comprises admitting waterthereto in amount varying approximately proportionally to the amount of current available for the generator. </p>
<p>. 17 That improvement in the electric generation of steam which consists in automatically adjusting the current capacity of a generator to the amount of surplus current available in a supply line connected thereto and to other currenttaking devices. </p>
<p> 18. A method of regulating the electric generation of steam which consists in utilizmg the current in a supply line to automatically adjust the current capacity of the generator to the amount of surplus current available in said line. </p>
<p> 19. A method of controlling the electric generation of steam which consistsin connecting a generator to a supply line which in turn is adapted for connection to a plurality of other current taking devices havinga predetermined total current capacity and utilizing the current in said line to automatically adjust the current capacity of the generator in accordance with shifting load conditions on the line so that the said generator will take only the surplus amount of current available in the line between a fixed amount and the amount consumed by the other current taking devices. </p>
<p> 20. A method of controlling an electric enerator to take only the surplus current in a supply line which consists in utilizour hands. </p>
<p>ANDREW N. RUSSELL. BERNARD A. MALKIN. WILLIAM P. MUIR. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1687897-A
|
US-722525-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
21724921
| 1928-10-16
| 1925-02-06
| 1928-10-16
|
313/303.
|
H01J21/02
|
H01J21/02
|
CONRAD SCHICKERLING
|
Radiotube
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>oct. lles, 192s. 1,687,897 </p>
<p>, l 'C. SCHICKERLING RADI OTUBE FPiled Feb. 6, 1925' 14 i /5 w INVENTOR BY f ORNEY Patented Oct. 16, 1928. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>CONRAD SCHICKERLING, EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR ONE-HALF T LILLIE E. SCHICKERLING AND HORTENSE SCHICKERLING, BOTH'. OF EAST ORANGE, </p>
<p>NEW JERSEY. </p>
<p>nAnIorUBE. </p>
<p>having a fourth element, a stabilizer, in addif tion to the usual or well-known filament, grid, and plate elements sealed within a vacuum tube or bulb. rWith the foregoing and other obJe'cts 1n view the invention consists in thelarrangement and combination of parts hereinafter 2o described and claimed, andwhilefthe inven-l tionis not restricted tothe exact detailsof ,construction disclosed or suggested herein,a </p>
<p> still for the purpose of'illustrating a practical embodiment thereof reference 's had to 2o the accompanying drawings in fwhich vrlike reference characters designate the same `parts in the several views, and in Which- Figure 1 is a face view of a preferred embodiment of my improvement, parts belng 1nv so section. x v l Fig. 2 is a. fragmentary view of the interior parts taken substantially ata rlght angle to the view of Fig. 1 andwith parts broken Y away. </p>
<p>Fig. 1. </p>
<p>Fig. 4 .is an elevation of lmy vimprovement embodiedv in avmodied form of construction. </p>
<p>Referring now more specifically to the 4o drawings I indicate aradio tube comprising a bulb 10 cemented as usual into a base 11 carrying-the conventional four contact studs, 12 </p>
<p>and 13 for the filament, 14 for thel grid, and' 15 for`the plate. 16 is the pedestal for supf porting the interior fittings and through whichy the severalwi'res lead to the contact studs in the usual manner. </p>
<p>Alt 17 I indicate a suitable `filament leading from one support 18 to another 19. The </p>
<p> mid portion of the lfament is supported upon a post 20 secured in the pedestal'. .-The s upports .18- and 19 are attached to filamentwlres 3 is a cross section rron the line 3--3 of'.- </p>
<p>12a and 13a which lead to the corresponding `l studs 12 and 13. </p>
<p> A suitable form of grid is which in Figs. 1 and'2 is composed of upper and lower spaced parallel bars 22 between which are stretched a series of fine wires 23. Thelarnent 17 is held in position spaced from the Wires 23 and preferably between the -two series thereof. The grid as just described is supported at one end upon a dummy post 24 and at the other upon a connection from which a wire 26 leads to the stud 14. </p>
<p> In this form of the invention the plate elementconsists of a metal plate 27 looped in spaced relation over and on the sides of the -grid and filament, the lower .edge portions of the plate being connected to and supported by a plate post 28 and a support 29 from whichl leads the wire 3() to the contact stud 15. </p>
<p> The novel and added element constituting the principalY feature ofthis improve- V1nent,.is known as a stabilizer and while it may be'exempliied and practisedl in many different forms or embodiments, it is shown 1n Figs. yLand 2 as consisting of a composite plateistructure 3J. of polygonal form rbut having an open center 32-throu`gh which extends the l plate and other' elements just described in a direction substantially per envdicular tothe vgeneral plane of the stabi izer and spaced therefrom. This elementis shown as embodying a pluralityofgiared wings 3la spaced from each other and from the top of the plate 27. The stabilizer, however, comprises two legs 33. on opposite sides a'ndspaced fromthe sides of/theplate 27, one/:of these. </p>
<p>legs being provided Witha supporting post v34 and theI other has a supporting member 35 from'whichhleads v'a' wire 36\through the pedestal 16, thiswirejbeing united as by twisting with one of the'lam'ent wires and sois 'attached thereby to one of the filamentstuds. While I indicate this connecshown at 21 tionl with'the wire 13a and st-ud 13, the conment wire. </p>
<p> The modification shown I term a power tube arrangement or construction, the'same being adapted for more nection might bemade with the other filapowerful,amplification or detection, but like `inthe `irstfform, with a remarkablylow avmperage in yproportion to the amplification in Fig. 4 is what i and efficiency realized. In this form the `bulb 1()a is shown mounted upon or wit-hin a base 11 and provided with the standard fittings, the contact studs 12 to 15, the pedestal-16, and the usual three elements as identied in the foregoing description. The filament 17a is of the form in which a simple wire is supported or suspended between two supports 18 and 19'l1 from which the wires 12a and 13a respectively extend to thestuds A 12 and 13. This filament 17 is stretched through the central space within a grid 21n in the form of a coil supported upon two supports 24: and 25, from the latter of which leads a wire 26 to the contact stud 14. The plate 27 a is supported by means of two supports 28 and 29, from the latter of which leads a wire 30 to the stud 15. </p>
<p> The stabilizer 31b in this form is shown as comprising three wings 31c flared away from one another and surrounding the plate 27 as by means of openings 32, This stablizer as in the previous form is supported by a support 35 from which leads a wirel 36 united as by twisting with the filament wire 13l as above descr1bed. </p>
<p> `As a result'of extensive experiments and practice of this invention in various designs and forms I have established the fact that becauseof the fourth element or stabilizer it is possible to secure remarkable freedom from tube noises so commonly experienced with other tubes, but-the scientific reason for the effect I am not at this time able to explain. </p>
<p>I claim: l </p>
<p>1. In a radio tube, the combination with i filament, grid, and plate elements, of afourth stabilizing element to eliminate objectionable tube noises, the stabilizing element being a plate disposed centrally and at right angles to the first mentioned plate, and having electrical connection with the filament. </p>
<p>2. In a radio tube, the combination withv filament, grid, and plate elements, of a fourth stabilizing element to eliminate objectionable tube noises, the stabilizing element comprising a plate having an opening and throu h which the first mentioned late extends 1n spaced relation in a directlon substantially perpendicular to the plane of the' stabilizer plate, said stabilizer plate having electrical connection with said filament. </p>
<p>3. In a radio tube, the combination with CONRAD scHICKEnLING. </p>
<p>.Y filament, grid, and plate elements, of a' fourth l </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1348035-A
|
US-32049419-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23246681
| 1920-07-27
| 1919-08-28
| 1920-07-27
|
42/8.
|
F41A19/23
|
F41A17/78
|
MOSSBERG OSCAR F
|
Firearm
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>UNITED VSTATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>FIREARIVI. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Application filed August 28, 1919. `Serial No. 320,494. </p>
<p>T0 all whom it may concern.' </p>
<p> Be it known that I, OSCAR F. MossBERe, a citizen ofl the United States, and a resident of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved Firearm, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. </p>
<p> My invention relates to a small firearm or pistol, and more particularly to a firearm in which the barrel with the plural bores is stationary in the firing operation while the firing pin is revolved and its firing member, which is off the center of the pin, is caused to contact with the successive cartridges. lVhile the invention in all of its phases is not limited to a firearm of the particular type indicated, the invention lends itself more particularly to that type. </p>
<p> The general object of my invention is to provide a firearm improved in various particulars to possess certain distinctive features and characteristics, among which are the following: </p>
<p> The trigger is arranged to have a sliding movement as distinguished from a pivotal movement, and serves to actuate a pivoted hammer; the barrel and elements appurtenant thereto are so arranged on the frame that when the firearm is brokem the trigger will swing entirely clear of the frame and out of possible engagement with the hammer so that the hammer cannot be operated and strain the face plate of the pin housing in the broken condition of the firearm, and thereby cannot strain or buckle said face plate; novel latch means is provided for holding the barrel in the ring position; a novel arrangement of spring means is provided for the hammer and for the trigger to move the hammer to firing position and to return the trigger to forward position; and the frame to which the barrel is pivoted and parts appurtenant to said frame, have a novel construction and arrangement, so designed as to afford accessibility to moving parts, and provide a simple and strong construction promoting convenieiice of assemblage and repair. </p>
<p> The above and other objects are attained by the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter particularly described and claimed. </p>
<p> Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, it being understood that the drawings are merely illustrative of one example of the invention. </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the irearm embodying my invention, showing the trigger in the forward position and the hammer in position for the firing pin to engage a cartridge; </p>
<p> l Fig. is a similar view showing the parts in position with the hammer cocked and about to be released; </p>
<p>Fig. 3 is a plan view ofthe firearm broken; </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the firearm broken; </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line 5-5, Fig. 1; </p>
<p> Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the hammer; and </p>
<p> Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a pawl for establishing the releasable engagement of the trigger with the hammer. </p>
<p> In carrying out my invention in accordance with the illustrated example, the barrel 10 having bores to receive a plurality of cartridges, and here shown as having four bores, has rigid therewith a frame 11, at the under side, in which a slidable trigger 12 has longitudinal movement, said frame having guideways 13 at the top and bottom engaged by the trigger. The frame 14 of the firearm advantageously has at the sides, wooden stock elements 15 secured to said frame at the lower end by screws 16, and presenting at the upper ends beveled projections 152, which are accommodated in correspondingly formed undercut recesses 14a in said frame. The frame 11 is pivoted to the frame 141 by a transverse pin 17 at the forward side of the frame 14, the pivotal connection with the frame 11 being through a depending arm 18 formed rigid with said frame, so that when the firearm is brokem the frame 11 and trigger 12 will swing clear of the frame 14, and the trigger be out of possible engagement with the hammer 19 or1 the firearm, so that the hammer cannot be operated to cause the firing pin to strain the face plate of the housing in which the pin has movement in the firing operation, the arrangement making it impossible to operate the hammer and firing pin except when the barrel is in position with the breech against the facev plate of the firing pin housing. </p>
<p> The hammer 19 is pivoted at its lower end to the iframe 14 above and adjacent to the pivot 17, the pivot pin 21 of the ham Patented July 27, 1920. </p>
<p>mer passing through the forked lower end 2() of the hammer. The head 22 of the hammer has a longitudinal pin-hole 23 in which the firing pin 21 is turnable and yieldable longitiulinally. The chamber in which the head of the hammer has movement is prefeably closed at the sides by separate plates 25 secured to the trame 1l at the rear end by screws 26, said plates at the forward end being notched to receive the laterally extending members 14') of the face plate 11C of said chamber, there being a dovetailed engagement between the members l1" and the frontends of the plates 25. The plates Q5 are detachable by removing the screws 26 and sliding the plates rearwardly out of engagement with the frame members 1lb. A coil spring 2T encircles the firing pin 2l adjacent to the headed rear end thereof, said spring bearing against the head of the pin and against an opposed internal shoulder 23 in the pin-hole Q3, and serving to create friction between the liring pin and the hammer whereby said pin is held in position during the forward stroke of the hammer or until the pin is positively turned by the means hereinafter described. </p>
<p> ln the rearward liring movement of the trigger 12, which engages the hammer 19 in a manner hereinafter described, swinging the hammer rearwardly on its pivot pin 21, the tiring pin 2l is given a partial turn by the action of anelongated dog 28 pivoted at its lower end, as at Q9, to the rear portion of the frame 1l, said dog being acted on by a spring 3f), tending to maintain it in the forward position. The upper end of the dog extends freely through an oblique slot 31 in the head 22, the point of the dog engaging in one of an annular series of notches 32 formed in the enlarged portion or flange 353 of the firing pin, there being notches corresponding in number with the bores of the barrel 10. rfhe dog 28 and the hammer 19 having different pivotal centers, in the rearward movement of the hammer 1S). it will vary its angle to the dog 28, the latter yielding rearwardly, and, at the same time, by engagement with a notch 32, give a turning movement to the tiring pin. When the hammer is released, the tiring pin contacts with the rearwardly facing shoulder 11" produced by counterboring of the pin-hole ll@ in the face plate 1110, and it will be seen that the blow delivered against the face plate at the shoulder 11d by the enlarged portion or flange 33 of the liring pin, would tend to strain said face plate if the hammer were operated when the firearm is cbroken and the breech of the firearm removed from said face plate. The straining of analogous parts in known forms of firearms is produced by the trigger being operated, thus causing the hammer to operate when the gun is brokem whereas with my described construction, the swinging of the frame 11 and trigger 12 entirely out of the frame 1st and wholly out of operative relation to the hammer, prevents the operation of the latter if the trigger be operated when the gun is broken The engagement between the trigger 12 and the hammer 19 is produced by a pivoted dog on the one engaging a shoulder on the other, there being a catch or dog lslin the illustrated example engaging an opposed shoulder produced by notching the upper edge of t-he trigger 12. The dog 3-1 is secured by a pivot pin 3G passing through a transverse pin-hole 3S in the hammer, said dog being accommodated in a recess or pocket 39 in the under side of the head 22, and acted upon by a spring el() coiled about the pin 3G, the ends of the spring bearing, respectively, against the dog 3l and against the upper wall of the pocket 39, as seen in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> The hammer is thrown to the firing position when released by a compression spring Ll1, disposed obliquely in the frame 14, at the bottom, the rear end of said spring being accommodated in a pocket or depression L12 in the frame 14, while the upper forward end encircles a pin or core L13 having a flange against which the spring abuts. The concave upper end of the forward portion of the pin L1-3 bears against the pin Ll5 extending transversely through holes L16 in the sides of the fork 2l) of the hammer 15), said pin yl5 being so positioned that it will move through an arc as the hammer 1S) moves rearwardly on its pivot 21, thereby placing the spring 41 under tension so that its reaction will throw the hammer fon wardly upon release of dog 3l from the trigger. </p>
<p> rlhe trigger 12 is returned to the forward position after rearward sliding movement for firing by the action of a coil spring et? in a longitudinal pocket d8 extending forwardly from the rear end of the trigger, said spring abutting at its rear end against the head of a pin #19, about which said spring is coiled, said pin abutting at its rear end against a transverse screw 5() in the frame 11 and extending` across the pocket 48 in the rear of the pin 119. </p>
<p> The .latch 51 for holding the barrel 1.0 in firing position is disposed longitudinally of the frame 1-1 at the top. and is pivotedV between its ends, as at 52, having vertical rocking movement. At the forward end, the latch 51 has a broadened latch head presenting shoulders 54 at the rear of said head that engage against forwardly facing shoulders 10" on the barrel 1() at the breech of the latter, the shank of the latch adjacent to the latch head 53, being accommodated in a notch 10 in the top of the barrel. The rear end of the latch extends downwardly preferably obliquely, and it closes the rear end of the chamber, the sides of which are formed by the plates 25. A spring 56 secured at its forward end to the latch 51, rearwardly of the pivot 52, bears at its rear end against a rearwardly facing surface on the frame 14, so that when the rear end 55 of the latch is pressed downwardly and forwardly, the spring 5G will be stressed tending to restore the latch to the latching position. </p>
<p> The numeral 57 indicates a tool in the form of an elongated strip having a hooked upperl end and said tool is accommodated in a vertical slot 58 in the frame adjacent to a side plate 25 at the inner side of the latter, there being a complementary slot 59 in the adjacent stock element 15. The tool 57 is thus made accessible for use in cleaning the firearm or in testing any of the moving parts, such as the firing pin 24 and the dog 34. </p>
<p> In practice, it will be seen from Fig. 1, that with the barrel structure in the normal position, the trigger 12 extends into the frame structure 14 and overlaps the hammer 19, the arrangement making for compactness and still providing a clearance for the longitudinal movement of the trigger. Vhen the trigger is moved rearwardly, the shoulder 35 engages the forward end of the dog 34 and swings the hammer rearwardly until the hammer reaches a predetermined position in which the relative movements of the hammer and trigger will cause the dog to slip from and disengage the shoulder 85, thereby releasing the hammer, and, at the same time, the relative movements of the hammer and the operating member 28 of the firing pin will give a turning movement to the pin for locating the firing projection 24"L thereof in line with the cartridge to be fired. In the snapping of the hammer, the bearing relation between the spring-pressed pin 43 and the transverse pin 45 on the hammer, permits the hammer to be operated by the spring without undue straining on the pin 43 or the hammer. lVhen the firearm is broken, the trigger 12 swings with the barrel structure entirely out of operative relation to the hammer, and thereby the operation of the trigger when the firearm is broken cannot snap the hammer to strain the face plate 14C. </p>
<p> I would state in conclusion that while the illustrated example constitutes, a practical embodiment of my inventioml do not limit myself strictly to the mechanical details herewith illustrated since manifestly the same can be considerably varied without departure from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. A firearm including a frame presentbreaking of the firearm, a hammer mounted on said frame and adapted to be snapped to have impact against the back of said face plate when the barrel is in normal position, said hammer having a firing pin adapted to be projected through the face plate for firing a cartridge in the barrel, actuating means for said hammer and in operative relation thereto when the barrel is in normal position presenting its breech to the face plate, and means carrying said actuating means and subject to a movement of the barrel from its position against the face plate for carrying the actuating means out of its position for snapping the hammer against the face plate when the barrel moves away from the face plate. </p>
<p> 2. A firearm including a frame, a hammer supported by the frame, a barrel, means pivotally mounting the barrel to swing to and from normal position, and a trigger carried by the barrel and swingable therewith outwardly away from the hammer when the barrel is swung from its normal position. </p>
<p> 3. A firearm including a frame, a barrel having a plurality of bores, means swingably mounting the barrel on the frame so that the firearm may be brokem a pivoted hammer in said frame, a revoluble firing pin carried by the hammer, means to turn said pin with the operation of the hammer to successively fire cartridges in the respective bores, and a trigger slidably mounted and movable rearwardly to actuate the hammer, said trigger normally extending at its rear end into said frame, and the path of movement of the trigger overlapping the arcuate path of movement of the hammer. </p>
<p> 4. A firearm including a frame, a barrel having a plurality of bores, means swingably mounting the barrel on the frame so that the barrel may be broken, a pivoted hammer in said frame, a revoluble firing pin carried by the hammer, means to turn said pin with the loperation of the hammer to successively fire cartridges in the respective bores, and av'trigger slidably mounted and movable rearwardly to actuate the hammer, said trigger normally extending at its rear end into said frame, the path of movement of the trigger overlapping the arcuate path of movement of the hammer, and the said trigger being swingable with the barrel to and from the operative position. </p>
<p> 5. A firearm including a frame, a hammer supported by the frame, a barrel swingably mounted on the frame, and a trigger for actuating said hammer, said trigger being Vcarried by said barrel to partake of the swinging movements thereof and being movable out of operative relation to the hammer upon movement of the barrel to any angular position relatively to its normal p0- sition. </p>
<p> G. -X firearm including a frame, a barrel swingable on the frame to operative and inoperative positions, a hammer in the frame, a trigger normally extending at its rear end into said frame in operative relation to the hammer and means mounting said trigger and subjectI to the movements of the barrel to be swingable with the barrel to carry said trigger out of the frame and into inoperative relation to the hammer. </p>
<p> 7. A firearm including a pivotally mounted hammer and a trigger, the one having a dog and thc other presenting a shoulder to be engaged by the dog in the operation of the trigger for actuating the hammer; tos gether with a barrel, said trigger being slidably mounted to have rectilineal forward and backward movement approximately parallel with the bore of the barrel, said dog being yieldable upon a rearward movement of the trigger to slip from the shoulder for releasing the hammer from the trigger when the hammer has been moved through a given arc. </p>
<p> S. A firearm including a hammer and a trigger, the one having a yieldable dog thereon and the other presenting a shoul der to be engaged by said dog; together with a barrel, said trigger being slidably mounted to have rectilineal forward and backward movement approximately parallel with the bore of the barrel, said trigger and hammer having relative paths of movement to release the dog and permit firing movement of the hammer. </p>
<p> 9. A firearm including a frame, a hammer therein, a barrel, frame elements rigid with the barrel and swingable on the frame so that the firearm may be cbrokenf longi tudinal guides on said rigid frame members, and a trigger slidable in said guides and adapted to swing with the barrel outwardly, away from' the hammer out of operative relation to the latter, and to swing with the barrel inwardly toward the hammer with the restoring of the barrel to normal position. </p>
<p> 10. A firearm including a frame, a hammer therein, a barrel, frame elements rigid with the barrel and swingable on the frame so that the firearm may be brokem longitudinal guides on said rigid frame members, and a trigger slidable in said guides and adapted to swing with the barrel into and out of operative relation to the hammer; together with springpressed means on said rigid frame members to return the trigger to the forward position after an operation of the hammer by the trigger. </p>
<p>11. A firearm including a frame, a barrel swingably mounted on the frame, a hammer pivoted at its lower end in the frame, a compression spring obliquely disposed in the frame at its lower end, a bearing member acted on by said spring at its forward end and pressing said hammer, normally tending to throw it forwardly, the rearward movement of the hammer serving to compress said spring, a trigger, and means swingable with the barrel and slidably mounting said trigger. </p>
<p> 12. A firearm including a chambered frame, a hammer pivotally mounted in the chamber of the frame, detachable plates at the sides of said chamber at the upper portion thereof, a face plate at the front of said chamber, said face plate presenting laterally projecting dove-tailed members at the sides, and said side plates having each a dovetailed recess receiving the dove-tailed members of the face plate, a barrel swingable on the frame to and from its normal position, and a latch pivoted between the sides of the chamber at the upper portion thereof and adapted to engage the barrel in the normal position. </p>
<p> 13. A firearm including a chambered frame, a hammer mounted in the chamber of said frame and carrying the firing pin, a barrel swingable relatively to the frame to and from normal position, and a latch pivotally mounted on said frame and adapted to latch the barrel in normal position, the rear end of said latch forming a closure for said chamber in the rear of the firing pin. </p>
<p> 14,-. A firearm including a chambered frame, a hammer mounted in the chamber of said frame, a barrel structure swingable on the frame to and from normal position, and a latch pivoted between the sides of the chamber and adapted to engage said barrel structure in its normal posit-ion, the rear end of said latch extending downwardly and forming a closure for the adjacent portion of said chamber. </p>
<p> 15. A firearm including a hammer, a barrel having plural bores, a firing pin carried by the hammer and revolubly mounted therein to be turned successively to positions for firing cartridges in the respective bores, means to turn said pin by a movement of the hammer, and a spring to create friction between the firing pin and hammer and hold the pin against turning movement until positively turned by said means, said spring being coiled about the firing pin within the pin hole of the hammer. </p>
<p> 1G. A firearm including a frame, a hammer supported by the frame, a barrel, and a trigger for actuating said hammer, said barrel being pivoted to the frame at a point below the trigger, so that the latter swings away from the hammer with the swinging of the barrel from the normal position. </p>
<p>17. A firearm including a frame, a hamhammer to be thus interposed between the barrel and the firing position of the hammer, a trigger movable relatively to the barrel hammer against said element when the barrel moves away from said element. </p>
<p>OSCAR F. MOSSBERG. </p>
<p>mer pivoted in the fra-me, a barrel pivotally into operative engagement with the hammer 10 mounted to swing relatively to the frame to when the barrel is in normal position, and and from the normal position, said frame means mounting said trigger and subject to presenting a fixed element in the rear of the a movement of the barrel from its position normal position of the barrel and directly adjacent said fixed element, for carrying the adjacent t0 the forward position of said trigger out of its position for snapping the 15 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-307980-A
|
US-307980D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2377148
| 1884-11-11
| null | 1884-11-11
|
198/861.4
| null |
B65G41/002
| null |
Freight-elevator
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No Model.) S </p>
<p>0'. BLPAXTON. </p>
<p>FREIGHT ELEVATOR. </p>
<p>No. 307,980. Patented Nov.- </p>
<p>WITNESSES INVENTOR: 7 BY Jul/M 41, </p>
<p>ATTORNEYS. </p>
<p>F wmumo hu, wmin m o c NITED STATES CHARLES BUOKNER PAXTON, </p>
<p>PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>OF VIOKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI. </p>
<p>FREIGHT-ELEVATOR. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 307,980, dated November 11, 1884. </p>
<p>v 3 Application filed June 25, 1884. (No model.) </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES B. PAXTON, </p>
<p>of Vicksburg, in the county of WVarren and State of Mississippi, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Freight-Elevators, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. </p>
<p> The object of my invention is to provide a freight-elevator for loading and unloading water-craft, especially at low stages of water; and it consists in an adjustable platform and endless elevator combined, as hereinafter described and claimed. I </p>
<p> Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both the figures. </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a vertical section and partial elevation of my improved elevator, 2 is a side elevation of the same. </p>
<p> A is a vertical shaft stepped in a box, a, under or upon the deck of the vessel or other support. </p>
<p> B is a double-cogged master-wheel loose on shaft a, and supported by its hub resting on the step. </p>
<p> 0 is a frame carrying the stage and elevator, and supported on the upper end of the shaft A by boxes in cross-bars b, that are keyed to the shaft or rest on shoulders thereon. </p>
<p> d is a vertical shaft sustained in bearings on frame 0. This shaft carries at its lower end a pinion, e, engaging the internal cogs of wheel B, and on its upper end is a bevel-pinion, f. I </p>
<p> g is a horizontal shaft on frame 0, carrying a bevel-pinion, h, meshing with pinion f, and also carrying chain-wheels it for endless chains k is, that pass over similar chain-wheels, 'Z, on a shaft, Z, at the upper end of the stage D. The side bars of the stage D are hung on the shaft 9, so that the outer end can be raised and inions n n that en a e inions o 7 b and Fig. </p>
<p>lowered. There is also a shaft, m, extending lengthwise of the stage and carrying bevel- 0 on shafts 9 Z for the purpose of transferring the power to the upper shaft, Z, and keeping the chains taut. The two chains are connected by crossbars 10 at suitable intervals. This construction allows the stage, with the elevating-chains, </p>
<p>to be raised and swung to the required height and position for the upper end to rest upon a dock or shore. </p>
<p> The elevator may be operated by stearnor other power, as most convenient; but usually the steam-capstan on the vessel will be geared to wheel B, so that when set in motion the chains, with bars 0, will be caused to travel in either direction and carry up or down any freight placed on them. </p>
<p> The wheel B may be keyed to the shaft A and the shaft fitted to revolve. I do not limit myself in that respect, nor in other details of construction. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, what. I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- </p>
<p> 1. In a freight-elevator, the combination of the stage D, carrying endless chains, the shaft 9, frame 0, and gearing, substantially as described, for operating the chains.v </p>
<p> 2. In a freight-elevator, the combination of the frame 0, carrying an endless-chain elevator, the shaft A, master-wheel B, and connections, substantially as described, for operating the elevator. </p>
<p>3. The shaft m and pinions n n o 0, combined with the chain-wheel shafts 9 Z, chains k, chainwheels Z 'Z, and stage D, as and for the purposes specified. </p>
<p> OHARLES BUOKNER PAXTON. Witnesses: </p>
<p>LOUIS B. SMYsER, J AMES J. DOYLE. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3017179-A
|
US-75989858-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
25057374
| 1962-01-16
| 1958-09-09
| 1962-01-16
|
271/285.
|
G03B27/24
|
G03B27/24
|
STUCKENS LEO J
|
Sheet separator device
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Jan. 16, 1962 Filed Sept. 9, 1958 L. J. STUCKENS SHEET SEPARATOR DEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR L J. STUCKENS TTY. </p>
<p>Jan. 16, 1962 J. STUCKENS 3,017,179 </p>
<p>SHEET SEPARATOR DEVICE Filed Sept. 9. 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTQR LEO J. STUcKENS ATTY. </p>
<p>Jan. 16, 1962 J. STUCKENS SHEET SEPARATORDEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 9. 1958 INVENTOR LEO J. STUCKENS M ATTY. </p>
<p>United rates This invention relates to a device for separating superimposed sheets from each other as the sheets are advancing, and more particularly, to a novel separator device which is actuated solely bythe thrust of one of the sheets to be separated. </p>
<p> In sheet handling apparatuses such as photocopy maohines, reproducing equipment, printing presses, processing machinery and the like, it is frequently necessary to separate one or more sheets from a group of superimposed sheets while the group is moving in a direction parallel to the planes of the sheets. For example, in a photocopy device it would be extremely advantageous to provide an automatic means for separating the document sheet from the negative sheet after the exposure step, or for separating the positive sheet from the document and negative sheets before the exposure step. </p>
<p> In the sheet handling apparatuses heretofore known in the prior art, separation of superimposed sheets is usually obtained by pneumatic or suction devices which may be actuated to cause one of the sheets to adhere thereto and thereby eifect the desired separation. Another expedient heretofore employed in the prior art has been the use of a movable deflector element which is moved to alternate positions by a cam mechanism or by electrical solenoids. These prior art separator devices have proven to be complicated, expensive and unreliable in operation. </p>
<p> As opposed to the expensive and complicated sheet separator arrangements heretofore employed, the sheet separator device in accordance with the present invention is relatively simple and inexpensive as to its construction. Furthermore, its mode of operation is extremely reliable in that the present device is actuated solely by the thrust of one of the sheets to be separated. This simple positive mode of operation eliminates the possibility of any failure or maladjustment of an auxiliary actuating mechanism or pneumatic means which has heretofore been necessary in devices which utilized a movable deflector element or a suction arrangement. </p>
<p> This application is a continuation in part of my prior co-pending applications Serial No. 705,520 filed December 27, 1957, and Serial No. 741,372 filed June 11, 1958. These prior applications disclose two forms of sheet separator device in accordance with the present invention and disclose the manner in which the invention may be utilized in a photocopy machine of the compact desktype variety. The present application discloses additional modifications or forms of sheet separator devices in accordance with the general principle and mode of operation disclosed in said prior applications. </p>
<p>In the drawings: </p>
<p> FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 1--1 of FIG. 6 and shows one form of the invention wherein the kicker or separator member is pivotally mounted, and shows a pair of superimposed sheets advancing toward the kicker member with the leading edge of one of the sheets making initial contact with the latter; </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but shows a successive stage wherein the leading edge of the sheet has moved into a recess formed in the kicker member; </p>
<p> FIG. 3 shows the same embodiment in a latter stage wherein the kicker member has been pivoted upwardly in response to the thrust exerted by the leading edge of the leading sheet; </p>
<p>atent ice FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 1 to 3 and shows the manner in which the two sheets are separated when the kicker member is in its uppermost position; </p>
<p> FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 and shows the sheets being separated as they travel around the kicker member; </p>
<p> FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and shows one of the many possible arrangements for mounting the kicker member; </p>
<p> FIG. 7 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing another embodiment of the invention wherein the kicker member is pivotally mounted; </p>
<p> FIG. 8 is a sectional view, showing still another embodiment having a pivotal mounting for the kicker member; </p>
<p> FIG. 9 shows an embodiment wherein the kicker member is movably mounted by means of a resiliently yieldable element; </p>
<p> FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention having a resiliently yieldable element for movably mounting the kicker member; </p>
<p> FIG. 11 shows another embodiment wherein the kicker member is pivotally mounted, and having spring means for biasing the kicker member instead of the gravity biasing arrangement shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8 inclusive; </p>
<p> FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing another embodiment wherein the kicker member is slidably mounted for reciprocal movement; </p>
<p> FIG. 13 shows the embodiment of FIG. 12 with the kicker member in its actuated position; </p>
<p> FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 1414 of FIG. 12; </p>
<p> FIG. 15 is a side elevational view showing still another embodiment wherein the kicker member is pivotally mounted; and </p>
<p> FIG. 16 is an end elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 15. </p>
<p> Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 6 inclusive, the reference numeral 21 indicates generally a support bracket or frame comprising a horizontal element 22 having at its opposite ends integral upstanding flange portions 23, 24. A pair of rollers 25, 26 have their opposite ends rotatably mounted in support flanges 23, 24. Extending between the latter and fixedly secured thereto at its opposite ends is a fixed shaft 27. </p>
<p> The movable kicker member or separator element is designated generally by the reference numeral 28 and is provided with a bearing sleeve 29 receiving shaft 27 whereby kicker 28 is freely rotatably mounted for pivotal movement about the axis of shaft 27. It will be seen from the shape of kicker 28 and the relative location of bearing sleeve 29 that the center of gravity of kicker 28 is located to the right of shaft 27 as viewed in FIGS. 1 to 5 inclusive. This causes kicker 28 to be normally biased by gravity in a clockwise direction as viewed in these figures. </p>
<p> A stop member 30, or other suitable means, may be employed to limit the pivotal'movemen-t of kicker member 28 to the initial position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 6, stop member St is secured to a collar 31 rotatably mounted on shaft 27 and ecured in any adjusted position on the latter by means of a set screw 32 which may be tightened to engage shaft 27. The position of stop member 3% and therefore the initial rest position of kicker member 28 may be selectively adjusted by loosening screw 32, rotating collar 31 to any desired position of angular orientation, and then retightening screw 32. Stop member 30 is adapted to abut against the upper surface of the tail portion 33 of kicker 28. V </p>
<p>The outer end of kicker 28 comprises an arcuate surface or edge 34 intersecting with another surface or edge 35 angularly inclined with respect thereto to form a recess or notch 36 therebetween. The outer end of edge 34 intersects with the lower edge 37 to form a lip 36. The lower edge 37 extends downwardly and rearwardly to a convex edge 39. </p>
<p> The group of superimposed sheets to be separated pass between rollers 25, 26 and advance toward kicker 28. Although for purposes of simplicity and clarity in illustration the drawings disclose only a pair of superimposed sheets, it will be understood that the group may include many more than two sheets and, in this event, the invention is operative and effective to separate one or any desired number of sheets from the other sheets in the group. </p>
<p> In order to assure proper operation of the device, the sheets must be so oriented with respect to each other that the leading edge of one of the sheets is in advance of the other sheet or sheets to be separated therefrom by a small lead of approximately one-quarter of an inch. In FIGS. 1 to 6 the leading sheet is the uppermost one and is designated by the reference letter L, and the lowermost trailing sheet is designated by the reference letter T. </p>
<p> As the sheets L, T pass between rollers 25, 26 toward kicker member 28, the leading edge of the leading sheet L eventually contacts the right-hand end of kicker member 28. The latter is so positioned with respect to rollers 25, 26 and the direction of feed of sheets L, T that the leading edge of sheet L will frequently enter directly into recess 36. If the leading edge of sheet L droops slightly so as to first make contact with the arcuate edge 34, or is slightly higher than normal so as to first strike edge 35, these edges 34, 35 will guide the leading edge of sheet L toward and finally into the recess 36. Due to the lead of sheet L with respect to sheet T, the latter does not make contact with kicker member 28 until after the following operation has occurred. </p>
<p> That is, continued movement of sheet L will cause its leading edge to exert a thrust upon kicker member 28. The line of this thrust extends to the left as viewed in FIGS. 1 to in a direction extending above shaft 27 so as to exert a torque on kicker 28, thereby causing the latter to rotate upwardly in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 27. </p>
<p> As kicker 28 rotates upwardly in response to the thrust exerted by sheet L, the arcuate contour of edge 34 engages the lower surface of sheet L to cause its leading edge to be raised outwardly of recess 36. The leading edge of sheet L then rides upwardly along edge 35 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Kicker 28 will have been rotated to its upward position before the leading edge of trailing sheet T advances suficiently to contact kicker 28. The leading edge of sheet T then contacts kicker 28 along the edge 37 thereof as shown in FIG. 4, and the leading edge of sheet T then slides downwardly along edge 37 and then along the convex edge 39 until a condition is reached, as shown in FIG. 5, wherein the two sheets are advancing around kicker 28 which serves to separate them and compel their movement in different directions. </p>
<p> The upper portion 35a of edge 35 of kicker 28 remains in contact with sheet L and the latter thus holds kicker 28 in its uppermost position until the trailing edge of sheet L has passed the upper extremity of edge 35, whereupon kicker 28 is then free to pivot in a clockwise direction down to its original normal position determined by the abutment of tail portion 33 against stop member 30. </p>
<p> Referring noW to FIG. 7, there is shown another embodiment of the invention comprising a kicker 128 freely rotatably mounted on a horizontal shaft 127 located to the left of the center of gravity of kicker 128 so as to cause the latter to be normally biased by gravity in a clockwise direction as viewed in the drawing. Except for its shape, kicker 128 is substantially similar to kicker 28 described above in connection with FIGS. 1 to 6 inclusive. </p>
<p> Instead of rollers as disclosed above, the sheets L, T may pass between a continuous belt 125 and a large rotatable cylinder or roller 1126. Belt is entrained around and in contact with a segment of the exterior surface of cylinder 126 and is also entrained around roller 12511. as Well as other rollers (not shown). </p>
<p> As sheets L, T advance to the left from between belt 125 and cylinder 126 toward kicker 128, they may beguided by a pair of guide elements indicated generally by the reference numerals 140, 141 and each comprising; an inclined forward section 142, 143, a horizontal section 144, 145, and an inclined rear section 146, 147. </p>
<p> Kicker 128 comprises a flat planar front edge or sur-- face 129, and its lower, rear and upper edges 130, 131,. 132 respectively are also disclosed as fiat and rectilinear.- The initial or lowermost position of kicker 128 is shown in solid lines in FIG. 7, and its actuated or upper posi-- tion is shown by the dash-dot lines. Kicker 128 is prevented from being moved by gravity in a clockwise direction beyond its initial position by abutment of corner 148 with the inclined section 146 of the upper guide member 140, or by abutment of the lower corner 149 with the inclined section 147 of lower guide member 141. The uppermost or actuated position of kicker 128 is determined by the abutment of the top edge 132 with a stop member 130. </p>
<p> As described above in connection with the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 6, the leading edge of sheet L must be provided with a lead with respect to the leading edge of trailing sheet T. As the sheets L, T pass between guide member 14%, 141 toward kicker 128, the leading edge of sheet L will eventually strike the front edge 129 of kicker 128. The thrust exerted on kicker 128 by sheet L will be in direction having a line of action above shaft 127, whereby the thrust exerted by sheet L will cause kicker 128 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction toward the position shown in dash-dot lines. Sheet L then continues to ride upwardly along the front edge 129 as shown by dash-dot lines at L'. </p>
<p> By the time that the leading edge of trailing sheet T strikes kicker 128, the latter has already been pivoted to its uppermost position by sheet L, so that the leading edge of sheet T will strike the lower edge 130 of kicker 128 and will ride along the latter as shown by the dash-dot lines at T. It will thus be seen that the sheets L, T are separated by kicker 128 so as to move in different directions at approximately 90 degrees with respect to each other. Kicker 128 is maintained in its uppermost position by sheet L until the trailing edge of the latter passes above and out of engagement with the upper corner 148, after which gravity urges kicker 123 in a clockwise direction back to its initial position shown in solid lines. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIG. 8, kicker 228 is a modified version of kicker 128 described above with respect to FIG. 7. The front face of kicker 228 is provided with an arcuate portion 229 intersecting with the lower rectilinear portion 22% so as to form a notch or recess 22% therebetween. Kicker 228 is otherwise shaped similarly to kicker 128 and is freely pivotally mounted on shaft 227. </p>
<p> The lower guide member 241 may be identical to guide member 141 previously described in connection with FIG. 7. The upper guide member 249 is similar to the previously described guide member 145) except that the inclined rear section 2% thereof is provided with a narrow slot 247 extending rearwardly and upwardly from the point designated by the reference numeral 243 to the extreme upper end of section 246. The upper forward corner portion 24% of kicker 228 rides within slot 247 which provides clearance for corner 249 when kicker 223 is in its initial lowermost position shown in solid lines. This initial position is determined by the abutment of the forward lower corner 225a of kicker 228 against downwardly inclined section 2.47 of guide member 241. Kicker 228 tends to rotate to this position because the center of gravity of kicker 228 is to the right of shaft 227 when kicker 223 is mounted as shown in FIG. 8. </p>
<p> When kicker 228 is moved by the thrust of the leading sheet L to its uppermost position shown in dash-dot lines as designated by the reference numeral 228, the lower surface of sheet L bears against the arcuate edge 229 to maintain kicker 228 in its uppermost position until the trailing edge of sheet L has passed out of contact with edge 229. When this occurs, gravity biases kicker 228 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 8, back toward its initial position. </p>
<p> The slotted portion of section 246 of upper guide member 240 serves as a backing support for leading sheet L and reinforces the latter as sheet L bears against arcuate edge 229 to maintain kicker 228 in its actuated upper position. That is, section 246 prevents sheet L from being pushed away by kicker 223 as the latter tends to be pivoted by gravity in a clockwise direction, so that kicker 228 may not pivot downwardly until the trailing edge of sheet L has passed out of contact with arcuate edge 229. </p>
<p> Referring now to PEG. 9, kicker 328 is mounted on a resiliently yieldable member 330 comprising an upwardly extending flange 332 a-tfixed to a support element 331, a forwardly extending portion 333 perpendicular to flange 332, and a downwardly extending flange 334. Member 330 is made of a resilient material such as spring steel. Attached to flange 334 is the rear surface of a lower straight portion 329 of kicker 328. Integral with said portion 329 is an arcuate upper portion 335 which curves convexly in an upward direction. A notch or recess 336 may be formed at the intersection of kicker portions 329, 335. </p>
<p>' Member 339 and kicker 328 are normally in the position shown by solid lines in FIG. 9. As the group of superimposed sheets advances to be separated, initially, the leading edge of sheet L strikes kicker 328. If sheet L should strike kicker 328 above notch 336, the curvature of portion 335 initially tends to guide it down into notch 336. Similarly, if the leading edge of sheet L should strike portion 329, it is guided upwardly into notch 336. </p>
<p> The continuing advance of the superimposed sheets causes the leading edge of sheet L to exert a thrust against kicker 32%, thereby causing yieldable element 330 to bend upwardly to the position shown by the dash-dot lines in FIG. 11. The leading edge of sheet L then rides up along the convexly curved surface of portion 335. At the same time, trailing sheet T, advancing toward kicker 323 with its leading edge slightly behind that of sheet L, passes below the lower edge 329a of portion 329 and slides along the bottom surface of portion 333 of member 330. Trailing sheet T is able to clear edge 329a by virtue of kicker 323 having been moved to the upper position shown by the dash-dot lines due to the thrust exerted by sheet L. </p>
<p> Resiliently yieldable member 338' mounting kicker 328 is held in the position shown by the dash-dot lines for so long as the lower surface of leading sheet L remains in contact with portion 335 of kicker 328. When sheet L passes out of contact with portion 335, yieldable member 330 is free to resume its normal straight position and kicker 32% returns to its normal position shown by the solid lines in FIG. ll. By this time, sheet L has gone along an upward path indicated at L, while sheet T has proceeded along a lower path indicated at T, thus effectively separating the two sheets. </p>
<p> PEG. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention also utilizing a resiliently yieldable member for movably mounting the kicker. Resiliently yieldable member 43% is secured at one end to a support 4-31 by conventional means such as rivet 431a. Attached by rivet 431]; to the upper surface of yieldable member 43% at its other end is a horizontal portion 429 of kicker 428. Integral with portion 429 is avertically extending portion 427. Attached to the outer surface of portion 427 is a vertical portion 426. Integral with the latter and extending angularly downwardly therefrom is an inclined portion 425 forming a recess .24 at its junction with portion 426. </p>
<p>As the superimposed sheets L and T advance toward kicker azs the forward edge of leading sheet L will strike the outer surface of either portion 426 or portion 425. If it should strike portion 426, the effect is to push against portion 426 in such a manner as to cause resiliently yieldable member 43%) to bend upwardly. If the forward edge of sheet L should strike portion 425 it is thereby guided upwardly into recess 424 where it will again exert a force causing resiliently yieldable member 436 to bend upwardly. The effect of the bending of yieldable member 436 is to cause kicker 428, which is attached to member 436*, to be moved to the upper position shown by the dash-dot lines in FIG. 10. As it continues to advance, sheet L follows a path shown by the dash-dot lines at L. At the same time, sheet T clears the lowermost edge 425a of portion 425 and, passing under kicker 428, follows a path indicated by the dash-dot lines at T. </p>
<p> Referring to FIG. 11, there is shown a kicker 528 rotatably mounted on a shaft 527 and having a convex surface or edge 529 located below the fiat surface or edge 530. Also mounted on shaft 527 is a collar 526 rigidly fastened thereto by set screw 526a. Extending downwardly from collar 526 and fixed thereto is an arm 525 to which is secured a pin 525a. extending therethrough and having opposite ends projecting laterally outwardly from the respective opposite surfaces of arm 525. The inner end of pin 525a is in the path of counterclockwise rotation of kicker 528 and serves as a limit thereto. The outer end of pin 525a engages one end of a coil spring 524. The other end of spring 524 is attached to a pin 523 secured to the lower rear portion of kicker 528. Since the center of gravity of kicker 528, as pictured in FIG. 11, is to the left of the axis of shaft 527, kicker 528 tends to rotate in a counterclockwise direction. Kicker 523 is restrained from so rotating by spring 524 which normally maintains it in the initial position shown by the solid lines. This position can be selectably varied by loosening set screw 526a and rotating collar 52%? to a desired angular orientation on shaft 527. Such a rotation will produce the same angular displacement for kicker 523 as for collar 527. </p>
<p> The superimposed sheets L, T are advanced to the right, as viewed in FIG. 11, toward kicker 528 through guides 540, 541. The forward edge of sheet L strikes the surfaces 529 or 530 of kicker 528 whereupon sheet L acts in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. That is, if sheet L initially strikes upper surface 530, it is guided downward into notch 530a. If it strikes the lower convex surface first, it is guided upward into notch 53%. As sheet L is projected forward against kicker 528 the sheet pivots kicker 528 on shaft 527 in a counterclockwise direction. Kicker 528 rotates in a counterclockwise direction due to the fact that, as mounted in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, the line of action of the thrust exerted by sheet L is below the axis of shaft 527. The limit of this rotation is determined by the position of pin 525a of arm 525, against the inner end of which the lower edge 531 of kicker 528 will eventually abut if it continues to rotate. This position can also be selectably varied by adjusting collar 526. </p>
<p> As kicker 528 rotates counterclockwise, leading sheet L slides along convexly curved surface 529, following the path indicated by the dash-dot lines at L. At the same time, trailing sheet T advances into a position where it will clear the forwardmost edge 530 h of surface 530 and contact upper surface 522 of kicker 528. Trailing sheet T will then ride along upper surface 522 as indicated by the dash-dot lines at T. Kicker 528 is held in the position shown by the dash-dot lines for so long as the sheet L remains in contact with edge 529. When sheet L is no longer in contact with edge 529, spring 524, which has been placed under tension by the counterclockwise rotation of kicker 528, will bias kicker 528 back to its normal position shown by the solid lines. </p>
<p> FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 illustrate a separating device mtilizing a kicker 628 slidably mounted for reciprocal movement. Projecting angularly upward from a mount- ;ing base 635 is a hollow tube 634- with longitudinal slots 633, 633a formed in the wall thereof. Slidably mounted :in tube 634 is a portion 629 of kicker 626. Kicker pcrtion 629 has a longitudinal slot 636 extending from the upper end thereof to a point approximately half-Way down its length. As seen in FIG. 14, extending through the bottom of portion 629 and fixed therein is a pin 627, the opposite ends of which extend through slots 633, 633a of tube 634-. Extending through slot 636 is a pm 626 which is fixedly secured to tube 624. To pin 626 is attached the respective upper ends of springs 625 and 624. The lower ends of springs 625 and 624 are attached to pin 627. Pin 627 is free to move in slots 633, 633a of tube 634, and portion 629 is free to slide with respect to fixed pin 626 and tube 636. </p>
<p> As seen in FIG. 12, the head portion 623 of kicker 628 has a sheet contacting surface composed of two surfaces or edges 622 and 621. Surface 622 is convex and "is angularly inclined to surface 621 to form a recess 620 :at the intersection thereof. Sheets L and T are advanced downwardly between guides 64% and 641. so that the forward edge of sheet L will strike kicker 623 at a point Within or near recess 620 and will be guided into the latter in the manner described above with respect to several of the other embodiments. The pushing force eX- erted by advancing sheet L on kicker 628 causes the latter to slide downwardly within tube 634. As a result, springs 625 and 624 are tensioned in extended positions shown in FIG. 13. </p>
<p> As a result of the downward sliding movement of kicker 628, when trailing sheet T advances to contact kicker 628 the sheet clears the uppermost point 619 of kicker head 623 and is guided by edge 618 in a path extending downwardly and to the right as viewed in the drawings. Eventually, trailing sheet T contacts guide .member 643 and follows the path dictated thereby. Meanwhile, the leading sheet L has been guided by surface 622, now retracted to the position shown in FIG. 13, so that it eventually contacts guide member 642 and follows a path governed by the latter. Kicker 628 is held in the retracted position shown in FIG. 13 for so long as the sheets remain in contact therewith. Thereafter kicker member 628 is returned to the upper position zhclwn in FIG. 12' by the force exerted by springs 625 and FEGS. 15 and 16 disclose another embodiment wherein the kicker 728 is pivotally mounted on a shaft 727. Kicker 728 is of a configuration similar to those kickers disclosed in FIGS. 8 and 11. In the mounting arrangement shown in FIG. 15, however, the convex surface 726 is below notch 725 and the flat surface 724 is above notch 725. Near the forwari end of kicker 728 is a large round opening 723. The center of gravity of kicker 728 is to the left of the axis of shaft 727 so that kicker 728 normally tends to pivot on shaft 727 in a counterclockwise direction. </p>
<p> Kicker 728 is restrained in its counterclockwise rtation by a pin 729 which extends through opening 723 and abuts against the bottom edge thereof. As seen in FIG. 16, pin 729 is secured to an arm 722 which in turn is mounted on a collar 721 adjustably secured to shaft 727 by set screw 720. As the three superimposed sheets advance toward kicker 728 the leading edge of middle sheet M, the most advanced of the three, is guided into notch 725 of kicker 728 by surfaces 724, 726. As it continues to advance, middle sheet M exerts a thrust against kicker 728, causing it to pivot on shaft 727 in a clockwise direction until it is stopped by a pin 730, which extends through opening 723 and abuts against the upper edge of opening 723 as kicker 728 rotates in a clockwise direction. As seen in FIG. 16 pin 736 is secured to an arm 731 attached to a collar 732 adjustably secured to shaft 727 by set screw 733. By loosening set screw 726 on collar 721 and set screw 733 on collar 732, and rotating the collars to other angular positions on shaft 727, the relative positions of pins 729 and 73fl can be changed so as to vary the degree and the limits of rotation 'of kicker 72f Mounted on shaft 727 is another collar 715, secured thereto by serscrew 716 so as to limit the lateral movement of kicker 728 on shaft 727. </p>
<p> Kicker 728 is stopped in its clockwise pivotal moveinent at the position shown by the dash-pot lines in FIG. 15. In this position the upper trailing sheet T clears the uppermost portion of surface 724 and follows a path along the top side 720 of kicker 728. Middle sheet M and lower sheet B, of course, have been kicked downward by the clockwise rotation of kicker 728 so that they follow a path along surface 726. After the sheets have passed beyond kicker 728, the latter is urged by gravity back toward its initial rest position determined by the abutment of pin 729 with the lower edge of opening 723. </p>
<p> It is to be understood that the specific embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings and described above are merely illustrative of several of the many forms which the invention may take in practice and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims which are to be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the prior art. </p>
<p>I claim: 7 </p>
<p> l. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets said device comprising a member, means mounting said member for free movement to either one of two alternate positions, means on said member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of .the first of said sheets to move said memher from a first of said positions to the second position thereof, means on said member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means on said member responsive to movement of the latter to said second position to guide another of said sheets in a second direction difierent from said first direction so as to separate said sheets. </p>
<p> 2. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets said device comprising a member, means pivotally mounting said member for free oscillatory movement between two alternate angular positions, means on said member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of the first of said sheets to pivot said member from a first of said positions to the second position thereof, means on said member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means on said member responsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guide another of said sheets in a second direction different from said first direction so as to sep" arate said sheets. </p>
<p> 3. A device for separating superimposed sheets, said device comprising a kicker member, means slidably mounting said kicker member for free reciprocal movement between two alternate positions, means on said kicker member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of one of said sheets to move said kicker member from a first of said positions to the second position thereof, means on said kicker member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means on said kicker member responsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guide another of said sheets in a second direction different from said first direction so as to separate said sheets. </p>
<p> 4. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for free movement to either one of two alternate positions, said means comprising a fixed element and a' yieldable element secured to said fixed element, said kicker member being fixed to said yieldable element, means on said kicker member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of the first of said sheets to move said kicker member from a first of said positions to the second position thereof, means on said kicker member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, means on said kicker member responsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guide another of said sheets in a second direction different from said first direction so as to separate said sheets. </p>
<p> 5. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement to either one of two alternate positrons and arranged so that said kicker member is gravitybiased by its own weight toward a first of said positions, means on said kicker member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of the first of said sheets to move said kicker member from said first position to the second position thereof, means on said kicker member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means on said kicker member responsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guide another of said sheets in a second direction different from said first direction so as to separate said sheets. </p>
<p> 6. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement to either one of two alternate positions, spring means urging said kicker member toward a first of said positions, means on said kicker member responsive to engagement by one of said sheets to move said kicker member from said first position to the second position thereof, means on said kicker member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means on said kicker member responsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guide another of said sheets in a second direction different from said first direction so as to separate said sheets. </p>
<p> 7. A device for separating superimposed sheets, said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement between two alternate positions, said kicker member having means constituting an integral portion thereof positioned to engage the leading edge of a first of said sheets during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in a first of said positions and for receiving the thrust of said first sheet to cause the kicker member to move from said first position to said second position thereof in response to said thrust of said first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet in a first direction, and means on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other. </p>
<p> 8. A device for separating sheets from each other during movement thereof, said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement between two alternate positions, means normally biasing said kicker member toward a first of said positions, said kicker member having recess means for engageably receiving the leading edge of a first of said sheets during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to move vfrom saidfirst position to said second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said leading edge of said first sheet into said recess means, means on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet in a first direction, means on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other, and means on said kicker member engageable with said first sheet for maintaining said kicker member in said second position until the trailing edge of said first sheet has passed. out of engagement with said last-recited means. </p>
<p> 9. A device for separating superimposed sheets from each other during advancing movement thereof, the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets said device compr sing a kicker member, means rotatably mounting said kicker member for oscillatory movement between two alternate angular positions, means normally maintaining said kicker member in a first of said positions, said kicker member having means for engaging the leading edge of the first of said sheets during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to pivot from said first position to said second position thereof in response to the thrust exerted by said first sheet on said kicker member, a first guide means on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet in a first direction, and a second guide means on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other. </p>
<p> 10. A device for separating superimposed sheets from each other during advancing movement thereof, the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets said device comprising a kicker member,- means rotatably mounting said kicker member for oscillatory movement between two alternate angular positions and normally biasing said kicker member to the first of said positions, said kicker member having means for engaging the leading edge of a first of said sheets during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to pivot from said first position to said second position thereof in response to the thrust exerted by said first sheet on said kicker member, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet in a first direction, a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement of. said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other, and means on said kicker member engageable with one of said sheets for maintaining said kicker member in said second position until the trailing edge of said one sheet has passed out of engagement with said last-recited means. </p>
<p> 11. A device for separating superimposed moving sheets, said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement to either one of two alternate positions, means on said kicker member for engaging one of said sheets to cause said kicker member to move from a first of said positions to the second position thereof in response to the thrust exerted by said one sheet, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and a second guide surface On said kicker member responsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guide the sec ond sheet in a second direction different from said first direction so as to separate said two sheets, and means normally biasing said kicker member toward said first position thereof. </p>
<p> 12. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means for simultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relation with the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement between two alternate positions, said kicker member having surface means thereon for engaging said leading edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in a first of said positions to cause the kicker member to move from said first position to the second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, a first guide means on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet in a first direction, and a second guide means on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other. </p>
<p> 13. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means for simultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relation with the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the. leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement between two alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker mem= ber toward a first of said positions, said kicker member having a recess for engageable receiving said leading'edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of the latter while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to move from said first position to the second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said leading edge of said first sheet into said recess, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker member in a first direction, and a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet around said kicker member in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other. </p>
<p> 14. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means for simultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relation with the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, means pivotally mounting said kicker member for oscillatory movement between two alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker member toward a first of said positions, said kicker member having a recess for engageably receiving said leading edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to pivot from said first position to the second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said leading edge of said first sheet into said recess, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker member in a first direction, and a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet around said kicker member in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other. </p>
<p> 15. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means for simultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relation with the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the lead ing edge of a second of said sheets, "a kicker member, means slidably mounting said kicker member for reciprocal movement between two alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker member toward a first of said positions, said kicker member having a recess for engageably receiving said leading edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to move from said first position to the second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said leading edge of said first sheet into said recess, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker memberin a first direction, and a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, means freely mounting said kicker member for movement between two alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker member toward a first of said positions, said kicker member having a portion thereof positioned to engage said leading edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of the sheets and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker memher to move from said first position to the second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker member in a first direction, a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet around said kicker member in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other, and means on said kicker member engageable with one of said sheets for maintaining said kicker member in said second position until the trailing edge of said one sheet has passed out of engagement with said last-recited means. </p>
<p> 17. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means for simultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relation with the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, means freely rotatably mounting said kicker member for pivotal movement between two alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker member toward a first of said positions, said kicker member having a portion thereof positioned to engage said leading edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of the sheets and while the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member to pivot from said first position to the second position thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker member in a first direction, a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheet around said kicker member in a second direction so as to separate said sheets from each other, and means on said kicker member engageable with one of said sheets for maintaining said kicker member in said second position until the trailing edge of said one sheet has passed out of engagement with said last-recited means. </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,747,384 Olson et a1. Feb. 18, 1930 1,825,217 Tufts et a1. Sept. 29, 1931 1,894,547 Tucker Jan. 17, 1933 1,946,143 Hitchcock Feb. 6, 1934 2,317,655 Van Den Brock Apr. 27, 1943 2,731,263 Baril et al. Jan. 17, 1956 </p>
</div>
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en
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US-3027458-A
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US-52941555-A
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US
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A
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A
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24109817
| 1962-03-27
| 1955-08-19
| 1962-03-27
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250/374.
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G01T1/29
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G01T1/2964
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FOWLER ERIC B
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Recording scanner for chromatograms having radio activity
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en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>March 27, 1962 E. B. FOWLER ETAL 3,027,458 </p>
<p>RECORDING SCANNER FOR CHROMATOGRAMS HAVING RADIO ACTIVITY Filed Aug. 19, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS ATTORNEY RECORDING SCANNER FOR CHROMATOGRAMS HAVING RADIO ACTIVITY Filed Aug. 19, 1955 March 27, 1962 E. B. FOWLER ETAL 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f5 I I I 4%; ATTORIVFY 3,d27,d58 REQORDKNG SQANNLER FOR CHRQIVEATGGRAh/ih HAVNG RADEO ACTEVHTY Eric B. Fowler and Wayne A. Rhiuehart, Amos, Iowa, assignors to town State Cottage Research Foundation, Inc, Ar'njes, Iowa, a corporation of Iowa Filed Aug. 19, W55, Ser. No. 529,415 Ciaims. (C 250--83.6) </p>
<p> This invention relates to apparatus for surveying chromatograms having radio activity associated therewith, and more particularly to automatic recording scanner apparatus useful in scanning chromatogramized strips, detecting any radio activity associated therewith and recording the activity as to extent and location. </p>
<p> Chromatographic techniques have been developed in recent years for the separation of components of heterogeneous mixtures. Separation is accomplished generally by placing such a mixture on a supporting medium, such as a paper strip, and immersing one end of the medium in a multi-phasic solution so that the solution ascends or descends along the medium. Components of the unknown mixture will travel along the medium strip at difierent rates and thus be separated. The components may be identified later by spraying the strip with an indicator solution. Since micro amounts of each component may be detected in this Way, the technique is valuable for the identification of products in an enzymatic reaction mixture wherein the concentration of the components is unusually low. </p>
<p> Radio tracer techniques have also been recently developed and applied to the field of biology. The radio tracer method is now used extensively to demonstrate the up-take or incorporation of many compounds by biological systems. Tracer techniques may also be used to prove or disprove certain hypothesized chemical reac tions. The uptake of C 0 and its incorporation into amino acids, and hence protein of cellular systems, may be cited as an instance. </p>
<p> The combination of chromatographic and radio tracer techniques places in the hands of the research worker a valuable tool for the detection of products of reactions and their relationship to know precursors. By these two methods, micro amounts of a product can be separated at a high level of radioactivity or a high degree of purity, and the incorporation of labeled fractions demonstrated. However, the two techniques have been limited in application in that the element used extensively as a tracer (C is difiicult to detect by conventional means because of the low energy of its radiations. The flow type detector tubes available which were capable of detecting low activity were of such construction that the chromatographs had to be cut into small sectionsand the sections surveyed individually. Such a process is wasteful of both time and material. Isolated biological systems in general do not incorporate high concentrations of reactants, and :since the activity associated with any one zone might appear in several sections, a dependable total count could not be obtained. </p>
<p> It is, accordingly, an object of this invention to provide :a means for overcoming the limitations set fonh above, and to thereby extend the applicability of radio-tracer and chromatographic techniques. Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus designed to solve many of the limitations heretofore present in the art and to provide a research Worker with a dependable tool operative to increase the accuracy of his results, decrease the time required for any one determination, and to be of such an automatic nature as to require no attention after its being set in motion, thereby freeing the worker for .other endeavors. </p>
<p>ice </p>
<p> Still another object of the invention is in providing apparatus for scanning and recording indicia provided by chromatograms having radio activity in which the chromatograms are enclosed in a gas-tight housing which is an integral part of the counting chamber, whereby no windows or other barriers to the passage of the low energy radiations of the tracer element into the counting mixture are present. Yet another object is in the provision of scanning means for chromatograms comprising a defining slot interposed between the chromatogram strip and the actual counting portion of the tube, whereby the area of the strip being surveyed at any instant is determined by the size of the defining slotthe apparatus being equipped with means for readily altering the size of the defining slot so that the resolution of the apparatus may be varied. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is in the provision of a drum rotatable and movable axially within a chamber provided by a casing thereabout, the drum being adapted to carry chromatogram strips wound spirally along the cylindrical surface thereof, whereby the strip is progressively scanned by a radio activity detector positioned in proximity with the drum and a strip carried thereon, and preferably separated therefrom by a plate having a resolution slot therein aligned with the detector element. Still a further object is in the provision of scanning and recording apparatus of the character described whereby the movement of the chart of the recorder is synchronized with the movement of the chromatogram strip in its scanning relation with the detector element so that following a scanning operation the recording chart and the chromatogram strip can be placed side by side and the areas of radio activity accurately located. in such an arrangement the relative amounts of activity in the various areas can be determined by integrating the area of each locatirig peak on the recorder chart. </p>
<p> Yet a further object is that of providing scanning apparatus as described wherein chromatogram strips are carried on a drum mounted within a substantially closed chamber, means'being provided in the system for evacuating and flushing the chamber and for filling the same with a counting gas (.a commercially available counting gas known as Q gas may be used), and the pressure in the chamber accurately maintained at the same predetermined value. Additional objects and advantages will become apparent as the specification develops. </p>
<p> An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompany drawing, in Which- FIGURE 1 is a front view in elevation of the scanning and recording apparatus; FIGURE 2 is a side' view in elevation of the apparatus; FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view or the sample box taken on the line 3 3 of FIGURE 2; FIGURE 4 is a transverse sectional view of the sample box taken on the line 4-4 of FIGURE 1; and FEGURE 5' is a top plan view of a resolution plate used in the apparatus, and which is seen most clearly in FIGURE 3. </p>
<p> The advance provided by the instant invention may be better appreciated when viewed with the background of the prior art in mind. Prior to the development of the instant invention, several methods were attempted to circumvent the limitations set out hereinbefore concerning the chromatographic and radio tracer techniques. One method entailed placing the chromatogram on sensitive film and obtaining a radio autograph which located the positions of the radio active areas. However, high concentrations of activity were required for successful use of this technique, and the method lacks accuracy when total activity associated with an active spot is required. Further, the time required for film exposure is relatively long, and the results of an experiment are not immediately available. </p>
<p>A second technique involves the use of replicate chromatogrammed strips. One strip is sectioned, and each section counted or detected separately. If the sections are counted in a flow type counter, low activities are not a primary problem since in the flow counter the sample is placed in the tube, and there is no loss of counts due. to window absorption as in the end window tube. Disadvantages of this technique lie in the fact that a large number of small sections must be surveyed which requires continued supervision of the counting mechanism over long periods and the use of large volumes of counting gas for the flow tube. For example, a 2" by 20" chromatogram strip will yield 160 half inch circular discs. Each disc must be mounted separately which means that the flow tube must be opened, samples changed, the tube out-gassed or flushed, and the sample counted. Assuming typical counting rates, each operation would require about thirty minutes, or a total of about 80 hours per 20 strip. Even so, the worker has only a poor estimate of the total activity at any one position of the strip, and the strip is useless for further study. </p>
<p> With the technique and apparatus herein being considered, the operation is simple and the results are highly accurate. Several strips may be surveyed or scanned with one loading, and constant supervision of the instrument is not necessary once selection of the type of survey has been made and the apparatus set in operation. A minimum amount of counting gas is needed for the survey since the system is sealed and gas does not flow through the tube during operation of the apparatus. survey may be made in about seven and one-half hours automatically, as compared to over 400 hours that would be required for a comparable survey in the disc-flow counter method. In addition, the total activity associated with the strip spot is read directly from the recorder chart, and the strip remains intact for further study. The position of activity is indicated on the recorder chart as well as total activity; low activities are detected, and a permanent record of the results is obtained. </p>
<p> In referring to the drawings for a detailed description of the apparatus, reference will first be made to FIGURES 1 and 2 showing the scanning and recording apparatus in its entirety. The apparatus is designated generally with the numeral 10, and for portability is carried on a base or platform 11 equipped with castors 12 and a vertically extending frame 13 having a top wall 14 and intermediate shelves 15 and 16. Carried on the shelf 15 is a rate meter assembly 17 comprised of electronic circuits and components and, as is seen in FIGURE 1, is provided with a front panel 18 having a volt meter 19 and micro ammeter 20. Mounted on the shelf 16 is a recorder 21 that may be a Brown recorder and is equipped with a front panel 22 (FIGURE 1) having a central window 23 therein that provides visibility for a recording chart advanced by the apparatus of the recorder. </p>
<p> Mounted on the platform 11, as is shown in FIGURE 2, is a tank 24 adapted to contain under pressure a volume of an inert counting gas. The tank is equipped with a manually operable valve 25 that leads into a conduit 26 that carries the gas into the chamber of a sample box 27 that will be described in detail hereinafter. That platform 11 also supports a motor driven pump 28 that is a high vacuum pump and, if desired, may be a high vacuum Cenco pump. The pump is connected to a manifold 29 that opens into a manifold extension 30 equipped with a Sylphon high vacuum shut-off valve 31. The extension 30 communicates with the sample box at four spaced apart points through branch conduits designated by the numerals 32a through 32d. The frame 13 also carries a mercury manometer 33 having a meter stick 34. The manometer is connected to the manifold branch 30 through a valve 35 and is employed to measure the pressure of the counting gas within the sample box 27. The sample box 27, referring now to FIGURES 3 and 4, comprises a generally cylindrical casing36 providing a chamber 37 therein and a drum 38 mounted within A double the chamber 37. The casing 36 at one end thereof is equipped with an end closure wall 39 that may be squareshaped, as seen in FIGURE 2, and dimensionally is larger than the casing 36 so that it provides outwardly extending flanges that may be employed in mounting the casing on the top wall 14 of the frame. At its opposite end the casing 36 is equipped with an outwardly extending perimetric flange 4t) equipped with a plurality of spaced apart threaded openings therein that are adapted to receive threaded screws 41 that may be provided with wing nut heads 42, which are employed in securing the end wall 43 to the flange 40. As is shown in FIGURE 3, the end wall 53 is provided at a spaced distance inwardly from the edge thereof and along its inner face with an annular channel 44 having seated therein a sealing gasket 45. The end walls 39 and 43 in combination with the casing 36 provide a substantially fluid-tight chamber 37. </p>
<p> The drum 3% comprises a cylindrical shell or tube 46 that is hollow and that is provided with spaced apart wall members 47 and 48, each of which is equipped with a plurality of central openings 49 therethrough and peripherally located openings 50. The walls 47 and 43 have aligned central openings provided with keyways therein and seat upon a shaft 51 equipped with a key 52 that is journalled for rotation adjacent the end wall 39 in a bearing 53 secured to the end wall by cap screws 54-, and in a bearing 55 carried exteriorly of the end wall 43 and secured thereto by screws 56. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIGURES l and 3, it is seen that the shaft 51 extends outwardly from the end Wall 43 and is connected through a gear reducer 57 to a synchronous motor 58. When the motor is energized, rotation of the shaft 51 rotates the drum 33 which is locked thereon to prevent relative rotational movement therebetween but is free to move axially along the shaft. By means of appropriate gear ratios in the gear reducer 57, the rate of travel of the periphery of drum 38 may be made the same as the rate of travel of the recording chart on the Brown recorder, so that the movement of the chart of the recorder is synchronized with the movement of the drum 38 within the chamber 3'7. </p>
<p> The tube or shell 46 of the drum 38 is provided about the circumferential outer surface thereof with a spiral channel or groove 59 which extends from end to end thereof. Adapted to ride in the spiral groove 59 is a guide pin 60 that extends through a boss 61 with which the casing 36 is provided. The boss 61 is threaded at its outer end and threadedly receives a cap 62 that bears downwardly on a flange 63 carried by the guide pin to force the same into tight engagement with a resilient seal member 64, whereby the mounting for the guide pin provides a substantially fluid-tight seal preventing the escape of gases from the chamber 37. It is clear from FIGURE 4 that the portion of the pin 60 that rides in the groove 59 may be reduced in cross section. It will be appreciated that the rotation of the drum 38 will cause the drum to be moved axially or bodily along the shaft 51 because of the engagement between the guide pin and the spiral groove. </p>
<p> As is shown most clearly in FIGURE 3, the casing 36 is provided along the wall thereof intermediate its ends with an opening 65 and with a short tubular conduit 66 that extends outwardly from the casing thereabout. The tube 66 is provided with a laterally extending flange 67 that has an annular channel in the upper face thereof that receives a gasket 68. Seated upon the flange in covering relation with the gasket or seal member is a short tubular section 69 provided with a seal member 70 that has seated thereon a laterally extending flange 71 of an outer closure member 72 provided with a central opening 73 therein. Elongated bolts 74 secure the flanges 67 and 71 and the member 69 together. Extending outwardly from the closure member 72 about the opening 73 therethrough is a collar member 75 that bears against a seal 76 carried by the closure member 72 to establish a fluidtight relation therewith. Collar member 75 has provided an internal shoulder at its lower opening onto which a Kovar glass seal 75a may be soldered to provide a fluidtight relation thereby. </p>
<p> Secured to the collar 75 is a fitting 77 of a coaxial cable 78 that, as is shown in FIGURE 2, is connected to the rate member assembly 17. The center conduit of the cable 78 is electrically connected to a detector element or anode 79 that may be a ten mil tungsten Wire provided at its end with a glass head 80. The detector 79 is aligned with a resolution slot 81 provided in a plate 82 that seats on an annular flange section 83 provided by the casing 36 about the opening 65. The plate 82, as is shown best in FIGURE 5, is provided with a notch 84 that receives therein a key 85 provided along the inner wall of the member 66. The resolution slot 81 has a predetermined area, and it will be appreciated that the plate 82 is readily removable and may be replaced with another having a resolution slot of greater or smaller area depending upon the degree of resolution that may be desired in a scanning operation. </p>
<p> The detector 79 through the slot 81 is adapted to detect the radio activity of chromatogram strips 86 that are carried by the drum 38 about the outer surface of the tubular shell 46 thereof. The chromatogram strips are spirally wound about the shell 46 and may extend from end to end thereof. They may be secured in place by a plurality of Phosphor bronze clips 87. In an embodiment of the invention that has been successfully employed, three strips each 2" in width by 20 long may be secured to the shell 46 in end to end relation to provide a continuous chromatogram extending from end to end of the drum. Preferably, the drum 38 is formed of brass. </p>
<p> The member 66 is provided with a flow port 88 communicating with the conduit 26 that connects through the valve 25 to the countings gas container 24. </p>
<p> A micro switch 89 is carried by the end wall 43 and is provided with a pair of leads 90 and 91 that extend outwardly through the wall 43 and have, respectively, glass seals 92 and 93 thereabout. The end wall 39 carries a micro switch 94 having leads 95 and 96 extending therefrom outwardly through the end wall and through glass seals 97 and 98. All of the seal members function to provide a fluid-tight closure about the lead wires for the micro switches, and it has been found that Kovar seals may be employed to bond the glass to the metal end walls. </p>
<p> Referring back to FIGURE 1, it is seen that the front panel 101 of the apparatus is equipped with a plurality of switch members designated with the numerals 102, 103, 104, 105 and 106. Also, pilot lights 107, 108 and 109 are provided. The switches respectively are the pump switch for controlling the motor of the pump 28, the master switch for controlling the power connection to the apparatus generally, a momentary switch, a selector switch, and a relay reset switch. </p>
<p>Operation In use of the apparatus, the end wall 43 is released from its position of sealing engagement with the flange 40, and the drum 38 is moved bodily out of the casing 36. The chromatogram strip 86 is positioned about the shell 46 of the drum and is secured thereto by clips 87. If a plurality of short strips are placed in end to end relation about the drum, the end portions thereof may be secured together by tape or other appropriate means. The drum is then moved into the casing and is preferably positioned so that the starting end of the strip 86 is substantially adjacent the resolution slot 81 in the plate 82. The end wall 43 is then secured as is shown in FIG- URE 3. </p>
<p> In removing the drum 38 from the casing or returning it to position therein, the guide pin 60 may be withdrawn from engagement with the spiral channel 59, or alternatively may be rotated until the guide pin is released from the channel. </p>
<p>When samples or chromatogram strips are changed, the </p>
<p>counting chamber 37 must be flushed and a fresh supply of counting gas under pressure admitted thereto. In the system provided, it is not necessary to flush the chamber 37 several times with counting gas prior to starting the run of a new sample. Such a procedure is undesirable for it involves the use of large quantities of gas which is expensive. Instead, the pump 28 is actuated and the chamber 37 is evacuated since the pump is connected thereto through the manifold 29, manifold extension 30 and branch conduits 32a through 32d. After evacuation, a supply of counting gas is admitted to the chamber 37 through the valve 25. Preferably, that volume of gas is then evacuated from the chamber and a fresh quantity of counting gas admitted thereto. Such a flushing procedure substantially eliminates contaminating gas which would interfere with counting tube operation. </p>
<p> To actuate the apparatus, the various switches are moved to the on posit-ion, and the motor 58 through the shaft 51 rotates the drum 38. As the drum rotates, the coaction of the guide pin 60 and spiral channel 59 causes the drum to move bodily axially within the chamber 37, or toward the right as viewed in FIGURE 3. The chromatogram strip 86 then advances progressively beneath the resolution slot 81 and is scanned by the detector element or anode 79 of the scanning tube. </p>
<p> At the same time, the recorder 21 is functioning, and it is operatively coupled to the rate meter assembly 17 which in turn receives the counting impulses from the detector 79, and the radio activity of the strip at the location beneath the resolution slot 81 is recorded directly on the chart of the recorder. Thus, both the amount or extent of activity and the precise location thereof on the strip 86 are directly recorded. This procedure is valuable, for after a test has been run the strip 86 may be removed from the drum and placed beside the chart of the recorder so that the extent and exact location of the recorded activity can be transposed to the strip. The extent of activity may be determined by integrating the areas under the curves or pips on the recording graph. </p>
<p> The apparatus may be set up so that when the drum 38 engages the switch arm of the micro switch 94, the apparatus will be de-energized. Thus, one pass or one complete scanning cycle of the strip 86 will have taken place. On the other hand, if it is desired to provide a double-scanning cycle, the selector switch is so positioned, and upon the drum striking the switch arm 100, the motor 58 is reversed and the drum will then move axially to the left within the chamber 37 until it engages the arm 99 of the micro switch 89 which functions to deenergize the apparatus. By a suitable means, the recorder chart is marked at the end of the forward scan. In such a scanning cycle, strip 86 will be scanned first in one direction and then in the other. </p>
<p> The plate 82 is removably mounted within the member 66 which permits a plurality of plates 82 to be interchanged with each other. The various plates will have resolution slots 81 of different size, whereby the degree of resolution of the scanning operation may be selected by the operator. Ordinarily, the narrower the slot 81, the greater will be the degree of resolution. It is also desirable to reduce the operational speed of the apparatus where greater resolution is being provided by a smaller resolution slot 81. </p>
<p> The amount of counting gas consumed in operation of the apparatus is maintained at a minimum because no gas flows through the counting chamber 37 during the testing or scanning of a strip. The only gas movement through the chamber comes during the flushing operation prior to the scanning of a new test sample. The operation is substantially automatic, and once the apparatus is set in motion and the mode of operation selected, attention from an operator is unnecessary for the apparatus scans and records automatically and terminates its own operation upon the completion of a scanning cycle, whether the cycle be a single or double-scanning cycle. </p>
<p> While in the foregoing specification an embodiment of the invention hasbeen ,set forth in substantial detail for purposes of making a full and complete disclosure of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous changes may be made in those details without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention. </p>
<p> We' claim: </p>
<p> 1. In apparatus for scanning chromatogram strips to detect the radio activity thereof, a casing providing a counting chamber therein, a counting tube carried by said casing and having a. stationary detector element in facing relation with the interior of said counting chamber, a drum having a cylindrical surface for spirally supporting an elongated and discontinuous chromatogram strip thereon and being mounted within said chamber for rotational and axial movement, and guide means cooperating with said drum for progressively advancing said drum axially as the same is rotated and thereby orienting said spirally wound chromatogram strip, in scanning relation with said stationary detector element as said drum is rotated. </p>
<p> 2. The apparatus of claim lin which said drum is substantially hollow and is provided with spaced apart partitioned walls each having a plurality of apertures therethrough, and in which a rotatable shaft extending axially through said chamber extends through said walls and provides a mounting for said drum.. </p>
<p> 3., In a chromatogram scanning apparatus of the character described, a casing providing a substantially fluid-tight counting chamber therein, a rotatable shaft disposed within said chamber and fixed against axial movement with reference thereto, a. drum carried by said shaft for axial movement therealong but being constrained on said shaft to prevent relative rotational movement therebetween, said drum having a cylindrical outer surface and being provided along said surface with a spiral groove, a stationary guide provided by said casing and adapted to ride along 'said groove for progressively and gradually advancing said drum axially as the same is rotated, said drum being adapted to support an elongated spirally-wound and dis continuous chromatogram strip upon said cylindrical surface and between the spirals of said groove, a counting tube carried by said casing in open communication with tector element and said guide being positioned and arranged so that as said drum is axially advanced upon rotation thereof said spirally-Wound chromatogram strip is carried in progressive scanning relation with reference to said detector. </p>
<p>. 4. In an apparatus for scanning chromatogram strips to detect the radioactivity thereof both as to extent and location along said strips, a casing providing a substantially fluid-tight counting chamber, a cylindrical drum adapted to carry an elongated discontinuous chromatogram strip in spirally wound fashion along the outer surface thereof, means for supporting said drum for rotational and axial movement Within said chamber, a guide element provided by said casing and cooperating with said drum for progressively moving the same along its rotational axis as said drum is rotated, and a counting tube communicating with said chamber and having a stationary detector element in facing relation with the outer surface of said drum, said detector and guide elements and said drum being related with respect to each other so that upon rotational and axial movement of said drum a chromatogram spirally wound thereon passes longitudinally in scanning relation with reference to said detector element, whereby, said spirally-wound strip is scanned by said detector as said drum is rotated and axially advanced to detect both the extent and location of radioactivity therealong. </p>
<p> 5. The structure of claim 4 in which said drum is hollow and is provided with spaced partion Walls each having a plurality of apertures therein. </p>
<p>References Qited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,806,375 'ifieclernan May 19, 1931 2,490,298 Ghiorso et al. Dec. 6, 1949 2,751,505 Anderson June 19, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Use of Beta-Ray Densitometry in Paper Chromatogra- .phy, from Analytical Chemistry, vol. 23, No. 1, January 1951, pages 207 to 208. </p>
<p> Apparatus for Automatically Scanning Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatograms for Radioactivity, by W. J. Wingo, from Analytical Chemistry, vol. 26, July-December 1954, pp. 1527, 1528. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1615830-A
|
US-67695923-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24716723
| 1927-02-01
| 1923-11-26
| 1927-02-01
|
242/595.1
|
E04F10/06
|
Y10S242/918
|
JOHN DERUS
|
Awning-roller center support
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> Feb. 1,1927 1,615,830 W J.DERUS AWNING ROLLER CENTER SUPPORT Filed Nov. 26, 1923 I it V E74 /7 I /7 orizqy. </p>
<p>Patented Feb. 1, 1927. </p>
<p>JOHN DER/US, OF EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS. </p>
<p>AWNING-ROLLER CENTER SUPPORT. </p>
<p>Application filed November 26, 1923. </p>
<p> This invention relates to awning roller center supports, and, has for its object to provide a device ofthat character which is a distinct and practical improvement to over come certain practical objections to, and de fects in, the universal types of awning center supports by providing an adjustable upper roller supporting arm to prevent the awning roller from accidentally jumping out of the center support during revolving movements thereof, especially when awning gets away from operator, thereby eliminating possible chances of personal injury and property damage. </p>
<p> lVit-h the above and other objects in View, which will be apparent from the foregoing description, the invention consists in the. </p>
<p>novel features of construction, arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter more fully described and finally pointed out in the claims hereto appended. </p>
<p>Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, wherein. </p>
<p>like characters of reference denote similar parts throughout the several views: </p>
<p> Fig. 1, is a side elevation of an awning roller center support embodying the features of my invention. </p>
<p>Fig. 2, is a front elevation thereof. </p>
<p> Fig. 3, is a vertical sectional view of the device. </p>
<p>Fig. 4-, is a top plan View thereof. </p>
<p> Fig. 5, is an enlarged sectional View, taken on line 55 of Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, the reference character 1 represents a supporting member or carrier provided at its side edges with the opposed pairs of upwardly directed arms 2, 8 and 4, whichare suitably spaced apart, as shown in Fig. 1. A. suitable arm 5 is directed upwardly from the rear end of the member or carrier 1 and is provided with an opening 6. A plurality of suitable wooden rollers 7, 8 and 9 are revolubly carried bythe member 1 through the medium of suitable bolts or pins 10, 11 and 12 respec tively, which bolts or pins pass through tubular sleeves 13 carried by the rollers and the ends of which bolts or pins are receivable in openings 14 of the arms 2, 3 and 4. By this H arrangement, it will be apparent that the rollers 7, 8 and 9 span the support or carrier 1 and that they support the roller 15 and the awning 16 rolled thereupon, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. </p>
<p>Carried by the arm 5 of the support or Serial No. 676,959. </p>
<p>carrier 1 is a separable arm which coinprises two preferably curved arms 17 and 18. Curved arm17 is provided at its rear end with a downwardly directed extension or arm 19 which isprovided with an open end slot 20, thus providing a bifurcated extension for the arm 18. A suitable .bolt 21 is employed which passes through the opening .6 of arm 5 and through the slot 20 of arm 19 and is provided with a securing nut for; locking, the two arms 5 and 19. in locked engagement. The bifurcated extension or arm 19 engages the rear face of the carrier arm 5, as shown in .Figs.-1 and 3. The upper face of the curved arm 17 isprovided at its sidev edges with the upwardly directed flanges 22 to provide a channeled seat 23 and this 1 arm is further provided near its forward end with a suitable slotted opening 24:. </p>
<p> The second member 18 of the separable and adjustablev upper arm is mounted upon the channeled seat. 28 of arm 17 and is providedlwith a slotted opening 25... A suitrected ears 28. These ears 28 support a. </p>
<p>guide roller .29 therebetween through. the medium of a suitable bolt or pin 30. engageable in atubular sleeve 31 carried by the roller 29 and the end of the bolt-or pin 39 is engageable in the openings 32 of the cars 28 of arm 18. The guideroller 29 is disposed above and adjacent the supporting roller 9. </p>
<p> It is apparent from the foregoing description andreference to Figs. 1 and 3 ofthe drawings, that the arm 18 mounted upon arm 17 may. be adjusted longitudinally, so as to bring the roller 29 toward or, away from roller 9 so that .any predetermined gap, space or opening maybe provided between rollers 9 and 29, this gap being determined by the size or diameter of thev awning roller 15, the gap being preferably less in distance than the diameter of the awning roller 15, thus preventing any possible chance of the roller jumping off ofthe rollers 7,8 and 9 and out of the support or carrier,causing personal injury and property damage, especially when unrolling the awnings. The flanges 22 of the arm 17 prevent any possible chance of the arm 18 being laterally displaced even though the nut 27 of the bolt 26 should be loosened. </p>
<p> It is of course apparent that the center support is suitably attached to the wall of the building to the rear of the awning roller. </p>
<p> By providing the metallic tubular sleeves for several wooden rollers, it is evident that the rollers will always revolve upon their bolts or pins, thus preventing the wearing out of the awning material by sliding friction which wearin out is usuall due to the rollers sticking and refusing to revolve when winding up the awning or unrolling the same thereby causing the fabric awning material to slide over the rollers instead of being in free rolling contact therewith. </p>
<p> It is evident that the center support or carrier may be of any desired size, but it will be understood that one size carrier or support is capable of supporting an awning roller of different diameters owing to the fact that the guide roller 29 may be moved to or from the roller 9 by adjusting the arm 18 longitudinally upon the arm 17. The arm 18 may be entirely removed and separated from arm 17 when desired. </p>
<p> From the foregoing description, it is evident that I provide a center support for awning rollers, which is strong, durable and highly efficient for the purpose intended in that the roller 29 may be adjusted to the desired distance from roller 9 to prevent the awning roller from leaving the rollers 7, 8 and 9 and jumping off of the carrier rollers, especially when unrolling the awning during which operation it sometimes gets away from the operator and beyond his control and results in personal injury or property damage by falling to the ground. </p>
<p> The many advantages of the herein described invention will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art to which it appertains. </p>
<p> I do not wish to be understood as having limited myself to the exact details of construction shown and described, but desire to have it understood that the invention I have shown in the drawings is merely illustrative, as it is manifest that various minor changes may be made in the exact form, shape and particular arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention, hence I reserve the right to make any such changes, or modifications as may fairly fall within the scope of the appended claims when fairly construed. </p>
<p> What I claim is: </p>
<p> 1. In an awning roller support, a frame composed of a lower frame member having a rigid forwardly extending arm, a set of three supporting rollers carried by said arm with the center roller disposed at a lower elevation than the other two rollers, an upper frame member having a rigid forwardly extending arm, means for securing said lower and upper frame members in different adjusted positions, an extensible arm mounted for sliding adjustment upon the extending arm of the upper frame member, means for rigidly securing the extensible arm in different adjusted positions and a retaining roller carried at the forward end of the extensible arm. </p>
<p> 2. In an awning roller support, a frame composed of a lower frame member having a rigid forwardly extending arm, a set of three supporting rollers carried by said arm with the center roller disposed at a lower elevation than the other two rollers, an upper frame member composed of two members, one of which is slidably adjustable with relation to the other, means for rigidly securing the adjustable member in differentadjusted positions upon the other member and a retaining roller carried at the forward end of the slidably adjustable member. </p>
<p> 3. In an awning roller support, a frame composed of lower and upper relatively adjustable members and means for securing them in different adjusted positions, an extensible member associated with the upper member in slidablc relation therewith, means for securing the extensible member in different rigid adjusted positions upon the upper frame member, said means comprising a slot and bolt connection, a retaining roller carried at the forward end of the extensible member, and a set of three supporting rollers carried by the lower frame member, the center roller being disposed directly below the awning roller with its axis disposed below the axis of the other two rollers. </p>
<p> 4. In an awning roller support, a frame member composed of a lower frame member bearing carried at the ends of said frame member, rollers journaled in said bearings, an upper frame member, means for securing the upper and lower frame members in difierent adjusted positions, the upper member having a channel in its upper face and provided with a longitudinal slotted opening, an extensible arm mounted in the channel of the upper frame member and having a slotted opening to register with the slotted opening in the upper frame member, fastening means passing through said slotted openings for rigidly securing the extensible arm in different adjusted positions upon the upper frame member and an awning engag= ing roller carried at the forward end of said extensible arm. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name to the specification. </p>
<p>JOHN DERUS. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2285360-A
|
US-33124740-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23293187
| 1942-06-02
| 1940-04-23
| 1942-06-02
|
131/240.1
|
A24F19/00
|
A24F19/0042
|
ROSENBERGER WILLIAM A
|
Ash tray
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>June 2, 1942. K w. A. RosEN'BE'RGER 2285.330 </p>
<p>ASHTRAY Filed April 23,- y1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jne 2, 1942. .w. A. RosENBr-:RGER 2,235,350 </p>
<p>ASHTRAY Filed April 23. 1946 ,2 Sheets-Sheet 2 rwembo/o WIW/am A. Rosepbezjyer' PatenteiclJune 2, 1942 UNIT-ED, STATES PATENT OFFICE i 2,285,360 i I. i y </p>
<p>ASH TRAY William A. Rosenberger, Hagerstown, Md. Applicatipn `April 23, 1949, serial 331247' l riclaims. (c1. isi- 240) The present invention relatestov ash trays for receiving cigar and `cigarette ashes and V-temporarily supporting cigars and cigarettes while smoking.- More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel ash tray structure for It is a' further object of this invention to pro- `vide an ash tray with a support capable of supporting a cigar o r cigarette within the confines of an ash tray yet out of contact with the ashes. </p>
<p>safely supporting a lighted cigar or cigarette to. </p>
<p>prevent damage resulting from accidental dislodgement ofv the cigar or cigarette and to sup- Dort them in such a manner that their unlighted ends will remain sanitary and clean. </p>
<p> The ash trays now on the market are provided with curved depressions or formations of other suitable character `for receiving and supporting burning cigars or cigarettes. These supportsv engage the cigar or cigarette intermediate its ends and are usually .placed on the peripheralV rim of the ash receiverp As a consequence, a cigar or cigarette balanced on the support overhangs the support at both ends and,` if permitted toy continue` burning, the overhanging time cause the cigar or cigarette to fall upon the table top or cover upon which the ash receiver `is placed and burn the table, or table cover, and in some instances start serious lires. If, on the other hand, the cigar or cigarette is placed with its burning end in the ash tray and the unlighted end against the peripheral wall, the cigar or cigarette may roll into the ash receiving bowl and be covered with ashes or the portion engaging the smokers lips may contact an area on the peripheral wall where cold or other germs have collected from `the cigars or cigarettes of other smokers. Y e </p>
<p> It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to provide a safetyash tray adapted to eliminate the sources of disease and damageprevalent in present commercial ash re ceptacles. </p>
<p> Another important object of this invention is to provide an ash receiver with a` supporting device which will prevent a cigar or cigarette from falling onto the' supporting table or table cover when it is forgotten andallowed'to continue burning. </p>
<p> Itis a further object of this invention to pro-l vide an ash tray with a support adapted to temporarily supporta cigar or cigarette while it is being smoked and positively prevent 'its dislodgement from the ash tray if inadvertently left burning. </p>
<p> It is another object of this invention to provide an ash tray designed to assure retention of a burning cigarette until itV has been completely consumed. Y </p>
<p>Y weight of the unlighted end will in the course of Another object of the present invention is to provide an ash tray for'supp'ortng a cigar or cigarette in such a manner that the lip engaging portions are maintained out of contact wit contaminated surfaces. </p>
<p> It is a further object of the present invention to provide an ash tray of simple construction capable of preventing damage caused by f orgotten cigarettes. </p>
<p>Other objects will appear fromthe appended along lines 2-2 of Figure 1 andillustrating the manner of placing the cigarette in the support. Figure 3 is a fragmental sectional View looking into the end of the support of Figures 1 and 2. </p>
<p> Figure 4vis airagmental sectional view, illustrating a modified form of the present invention. </p>
<p> Figure 5 is a fragmental plan view of the modcation shown in Figure 4. 1 e </p>
<p> Figure 6 isa fragmental sectional View of a ash tray like that of Figures i and 5 but made in two parts. v </p>
<p> Figure 7 is a plan view of a further modified form of the present invention. </p>
<p>, Figure is "asectional View taken on lines 8-8 of Figure 7. </p>
<p>#Figure 9 is a plan view'illustrating a sheetl metal ash tray embodying theA form of Figures 'l and 8. f </p>
<p>Figure 10 is an end view of the sheet metal ash tray shown in Figure 9. </p>
<p>' Figure 11 is a sectional 'viewtaken on lines Il-llo'iFigurell.V .L </p>
<p>Figure 12 is a perspective view of a fragment of the cigarette supporting member of Figures 9, </p>
<p>' 10 and 11. </p>
<p>- Figure 13 isa fragmental sectionalview show` ing a different manner of attaching'l the member jof Figure 12`to the ashreceptacl ofFigures 9 wherein like reference characters are` utilized throughout the several gures of the drawings to designate the same part, numeral l5 designates generally an ash tray embodying the present invention, </p>
<p> Ash tray I5 preferably consists of a pressed cr die cast metal ash receiving bowl or receptacle I6 having an upstanding peripheral wall I1. Wall I1 at one or more points along the upper edge is provided with metal shelves or cigarette supports I8. In this form of the invention, support I9 is of generally circulate form in crosssection and is illustrated as a separate member secured in any suitable manner, such as spot welding, in a notch |9.formed in the upper edge of wall I1. Support I8 at its outermost end is closed by wall 2| and is provided with an overhanging rim- 22. The side walls of support I8 are notched at 23 toenable a cigarette to be grasped so as to place it in position on the supvunlighted end in contact with protuberance 33, </p>
<p>the cigarette is in eect suspended between saddle 28a and protuberance 33. </p>
<p> Referring to Figure 4, it will be noted that protuberance 33 contacts the tobacco at the end of the cigarette and that the portion of the end engaging the smokers lips does not Contact any surface which may contain ashes or germs. As a consequence, the present modication provides a sanitary ash tray of extreme hygienic appeal. Furthermore, this hygienic feature is equally applicable to the support of cigars by suitable al- Y terations of the dimensions of the saddle and the port'and remove it as desired. The free ends H `of the side walls are bent outwardly at 24 to provide a flared mouth to guide the cigarette into the support I8 and eliminate any sharp edges which might tear the cigarette. </p>
<p> VWhile the form of invention shown in Figures 1 to 3 is described as a metal ash tray with a separately attached support, it is to be understood that any suitable material such as glass, porcelain, plastics, etc., may be used and that supports I8 may be integrally formed on wall I1. </p>
<p>In use, a `cigarette is placed on support I8 in position A and pushed in the direction of the it so that it cannot accidentally be dislodged from the ash tray and fall upon the table, table cover, floor or rug and damage them or start a destructive re. </p>
<p> A modified form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 wherein the same reference characters are used to designate the same parts. A molded ash tray I5a made from glass, porcelain, synthetic plastic or the like is illustrated. In this modification, the cigarette is supported by a saddle or support 28a carried by a pair of spaced ribs or Webs 29 formed on the upstanding wall I1. The ribs and saddle are preferably of such length that the distance C is slightly in excess of one-half the length of a cigarette solas to prevent tilting of a new cigarette into the ash tray. YSupport 28a is provided with an upwardly facing groove 3| designed to receive a portion of the body of the cigarette and prevent it from rolling off the support. Groove 3|, as clearly y shown in Figure 4, is spaced a slight distance above the upper surface of ribs 29 so that the cigarette rests. on'support 28a with its lighted end overhanging Vthe ash receiver and the unlighted end overhanging the space or slot 32 between ribs 29. In order to prevent the overhanging weight of the unlighted end of a partially" Y burned cigarette from rdislodging the cigarette, </p>
<p>protuberance. </p>
<p> In the event that a lighted cigarette is left upon support 23a, it will burn until the lighted end burns past end 34 of saddle 28a. When this occurs, the cigarette will drop through slot 32 into the ash receiving'bowl and burn itself out where no damage can be done. </p>
<p> If desired, the ash tray of Figures 4 and 5 may be made in two parts as shown in Figure 6. In lieu of spaced ribs 29, the Wall I1 of this ash tray |51) is provided with an inwardly extending annular rim 35. The inner periphery of rim 35, on its underside, is provided with an annular flange 36 designed to receive a ring-shaped element 31 carrying saddles 28h. To this end, element 31 is provided with an annular flange 38 which cooperates with flange 36 to removably support element 31 within the connes of wall I1. At suitable points around rim 31, short inwardly extending ribs or webs 39 are provided for supporting saddles 28h. </p>
<p> As clearly shown in Figure 6, the groove 3|, knob 33, rim 31 and ribs 39 bear the same relation one to the other, as pointed out in connection with Figures 4 and 5. The cigarette, therefore, is supported in a sanitary manner. The </p>
<p>, principal advantage of this form of the invention lies in the ability to remove element 31 and the integral saddles 28h so that the bowl I8 may be readily cleaned, particularly at points beneath ribs 39 yand saddles 28h. In lieu of slots 32, the </p>
<p>5 upper surfaces of rim 35, element 31 and ribs 39 may be curved or slightly inclined so that the burning stub of a cigarette will fall into bowl I6 c when the cigarette burns beyond end 34 of saddle 28h, </p>
<p> A further modication of this invention is shown in Figures 7 and 8. In this form of the invention, ash tray I5c comprises an ash receiving bowl or receptacle 4| formed of a molded plastic material or die cast metal. Bowl 4I is provided with an upstanding peripheral Wall 42 having wide notches 43 designed to support a cigar as shown in Figure '1. The upper edge of wall 42 is of insuincient width to support a cigar or cigarette so that they must be inclined into the ash tray in the event that a smoker inadvertently or through perversity fails to utilize the sanitary supports provided by this invention. This feature definitely preserves the iire or burn prevention features of this invention, even though a user fails to avail himself of the sanitary supports provided. In this connection, it should be understoodthat a cigar will not continue to burn after it is laid aside but will promptly go out so that when it is placed in the ash tray as shown in Figure 7 there is no danger of it burning down and falling from the ash tray. </p>
<p> The bottom 44 of bowl 4I is provided with one or more hollow upwardly extending tapered posts, or saddles 45, the upper surface of which 1s provided with a groove 46 for receiving a cigarette. In alignment'with groove 46, and extending outwardly from each end thereof, is an outwardly tapering' shelf or wing 41. The upper surfaces of shelves 41 are in the plane of the bottom of groove 46 andcooperate therewith to support a cigarette. i </p>
<p> Wall 42 at suitable points adjacent vits upper end and in alignment with the longitudinal center line of a cigarette reposing in groove 46 is provided with conical knobs 33. Knobs 33, as shown in Figures 7 and "8, are provided opposite each end of groove 46 and the distance between knobs 33 and the adjacent end of groove 46 slightlyexf ,ceeds the distance between similar points `of the ash trays of Figures 4 to 6. This difference in spacing is due to the location of posts 45 at vthe center of bowl 4l and makes it necessary to utilize shelves 41 so as to prevent burning cigarettes from falling into the ash tray until they are too short for further smoking. </p>
<p> Vcigar or cigarette The centered relation of posts 45 and the opt positely disposed knobs 33 make it possible to use the cigarette holder from either side while obtaining the desired sanitary and supporting features of this invention. </p>
<p> Figures 9 to 13 illustrate the application of the double ended saddle feature of Figures '7 and 8 to a sheet metal ash tray. In these figures, ash tray l5d is illustrated as rectangular in shape and is formed of relatively thin sheet metal by suit- Member 52 comprises a single sheet metal shown in Figure 13 and a slightly longer member 52.@ prende@ with a downwardly extending flange 54g ris, substituted for Vmember 52. Flange 54a is designed to ,lap the outer face of walls 49 and lit snugly enough to prevent accidental disassem- :bly y0f the two mais vB Trom consideration iof Figures lrthrough 13 of the drawings, it will be seenthat the various' forms ofthe invention-require some slight degree' ofv cane on the part of the smoker in order to obtain the desired sanitary benefits. However, it </p>
<p>shouldalso be noted that the fire or damage preventing features of this invention are obtained irrespectiveof the personal carelessness of the smokerl 'Ioreinove this possible failure to `gain the full benefits of this invention, thesaddles 28a, 2312,45 or` 45a may be drasticallyinclined with respect to a horizontal plane to cause a the desired rosjiiioa Such a structure is shown in Figure 14 of the drawings wherein an ,ash tray 15e like that of a Figures 7 and 8 is illustrated. In this construction, post or `saddle 45h is higher at its left end than at the right end and a shelf 41a is provided at the lowermost end to prevent the cigarette fromdropping into the `bowl it has been substantially burned out. Furthermore, knobs 33a similar to knobs 33 are formed nearer to the bottom of wall 42 and are inclined so that their principal axis coincides with the center line of a cigarette reposing in groove 4Gb. While the inclined saddle does not permit the use of the saddle from either side, oppositely inclined saddles` may be formed adjacent-saddle 45h to obtain this result. i </p>
<p>stampingv providing spaced cigarette saddles a and grooves 46a. Member 52 is `also provided with shelves 41a provided by the edges of upstanding walls 53 formed by suitably creasing and folding the sheet `metal blank along the vertical centerline of grooves 46a during the stamping operation. Member 52 at its opposite ends is provided with an upstanding flange 54. The length of member 52 between flanges 54 is In using this form of the invention, the cigar- .ette is placed in groove 46h with the unlighted end facing downwardly. If the unlighted end 'is not placed in contact with knob 33a, the cigarette, due to its own weight, will slide along groove 45?) until the end contacts knob 33. </p>
<p>In the preceding description, the applicability of this invention to cigarettes has been emphasuch that a tight fit results when it is placed within bowl 4Ia with'flanges 54 in engagement with the inner surface of walls 49. To further secure member 52 in place, tabs 5I Vare spun around the edge of fiange 54 into tight engagement with the inner faces of flanges 54. </p>
<p> Referring to Figures 9 and 10, it will be seen that shelves 41a and the ends of cigarettes resting in grooves 46a overlie longitudinally extending spaces 55 formed between the side walls of bowl 4Ia and the edges 'of member 52. It will also be clear that notches 48 are in alignment with these spaces. Due to this construction, the cigarette may readily be grasped by the smoker in placing it on or removing it from grooves 45a.. Furthermore, member 52-is located at a predetermined level so that the center line of cigarettes reposing in grooves 46a will coincide with the major axisof knobs 33 to secure the sanitary advantages of this invention. </p>
<p> If` desired, member 52 may be designed for ready removal for purposes of cleaning ash tray 45d. To accomplish thisend, end walls 49 of bowl 41a are formed without tabs 5| as clearly sized since it is well known that a cigarette will continue burning until consumed while a cigar will go. out. The danger of damage from a forgotten cigarette is, accordingly, greater. This invention, however, by appropriate changes in proportions of the parts-is equally capable of use with cigars and the specification and claims wherever the word cigarette is used isintended to include cigars l A The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. </p>
<p> What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is: </p>
<p> 1. A safety ash tray comprising an ash receiving bowl, a supporting member carried by said bowl and engaging a portion of a cigarette intermediate its ends, said supporting member comprising at least one saddle disposed within the connnes of said vbowl in spaced relationrto f the bottom of said bowl and having a substan` tially U-shaped groove for receiving said cigarette and means comprising a protuberance formed tp automatically gravitate into on the inside of said bowl and disposed substantially coaxially with said member and in substantial alignment with the longitudinal center line of a cigarette lying in said groove kforV contactying the unlighted end of said cigarette and cooperating With said member to removablysupport said cigarette with said end out of contact with the ashes in said bowl and tending to prevent its accidental dislodgment. </p>
<p>2. A safety ash tray comprisinga bowl shaped ash receiver, means for supporting a cigarette inin both of said means are within the coniines of said bowl whereby the possibility of the cigar- 20 ette being dislodged from its support and damaging the surface supporting said ash tray or starting a lre is eliminated. </p>
<p> 4. An 'ash tray comprising an ash receiving bowl, rnea'ns inclined at a substantial angle to a horizontal plane for engaging said cigarette intermediate its ends to retain said cigarette in an inclined position with its unlighted end lowermost and permit said cigarette to slide downwardly along said means and means disposed in alignment with said rst mentioned means for engaging the unlighted end and arresting its sliding motion, both of said means being within I </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-704366-A
|
US-1902100402-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2772897
| 1902-07-08
| 1902-03-28
| 1902-07-08
|
220/683.
| null |
B65D90/08
|
PHILLIPS ELWOOD C
|
Wrought-metal barrel.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>No. 704,365. Patentedluly 8, I902. E. C. PHILLIPS. </p>
<p>WROUGHT METAL BARREL. </p>
<p>(Application filed Max. 28, 1902.) </p>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE. </p>
<p>ELWOOD C. PHILLIPS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF TI-IREE-FOURTHS TO CHARLES R. BARRETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. </p>
<p>WROUGHT-METAL BARREL. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent N 0. 704,366, dated July 8, 1902. </p>
<p>Application filed March 28, 1902. Serial No. 100,402. (No model.) </p>
<p>To wZZ whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, ELWOOD C. PHILLIPS, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in VVrought- Metal Barrels, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> This invention relates to that type of to wrought-metal barrels and like'fluid-containing packages in which a series of cylindrical sections stamped, drawn, or spun from sheets or blanks of metal into the required shape are secured together at their meeting edges I5 to form the completed article; and the present improvement has forits objects to provide a simple and efficient construction of parts wherewith the sections comprising the barrel are connected together in a tight and substantial manner and with which an inner lining is secured in place in a manner to prevent access of liquid between the contiguous surfaces of the outer barrel-shell and the inner lining to cause a corroding action either chemical or electrolytic in its nature of either of such surfaces, all as will hereinafter more fully appear and be more particularly pointed out in the claims. I attain such objects by the construction and arrangementof parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in </p>
<p>which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of ,a barrel with parts in section and embodying the present invention; Fig. 2, an enlarged fragmentary 3 5 section of the same. </p>
<p> Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in both views. </p>
<p> As represented in the drawings, the barrel will comprise in its simpler form two substantially counterpart outer or end sections 1 and 2 and a central connecting-section 3. All of said sections are formed from suitablyshaped sheets or blanks of wrought metal by any of the usual drawing, stamping, or spinning operations usual to the art, and while each section is shown as formed of a single integral piece of metal it is within the scope of the present invention to form the various sections of a number of pieces of the required size and shape secured together in asubstantial manner by welding or other usual means and as the judgment of the constructor may suggest. The aforesaid series of sections will have a cylindrical form and will have the usual flaring form, as shown, to afford the usual bilge or belly to the finished barrel. </p>
<p> In the present invention the central member 3, of an annular form, as shown, is provided with offsetted primary extensions 4 and 5 at its opposite ends, which are screwthreaded externally, so as to screw into the corresp0ndingly-screw-threaded ends of the respective outer sections 1 and 2 in the assemblage of the sections togethertoform a completed barrel. </p>
<p> In addition the central section is provided with secondary extensions 6 and 7, the outer surfaces or peripheries of which are tapered, as shown, and are adapted to have engagement with correspondingly-flared portions of the respective end sections 1 and 2 when the parts are assembled and insure a tight joint at the points of union of the parts. </p>
<p> When the barrel is to remain unlined, the tapering outer peripheries of the secondary extensions 6 and 7 will have direct contact with the correspondingly-flared portions of the respective end sections. When, however, the barrel is to be provided with an inoorrodi ble lining, such contact will not be a direct one, but will be an indirect one, which is made by the intervention of the barrel-lining in manner now set forth. </p>
<p> 8 and 9 are lining sheets or plates arranged within the respective end sections 1 and 2 and extended to the screw-threaded ends of the same, as shown. </p>
<p> 10 is a lining-sheet arranged within the central annular section 3, with the ends of such lining folded over the secondary extensions 6 and 7 of the same, as shown. As so constructed and arranged the parts of the lining 10, which are folded over the extensions 6 and 7, are adapted to constitute the tapering surfaces of the central section 3 and engage the correspondingly-formed surfaces of thelinings 8 and 9 in effecting a tight joint between the sections in the operation of assembling the parts together as a completed barrel. </p>
<p>Having thus fully described my said invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure adjacent thereto,lining-sheets arranged within said end sections, a central connectingsection having primary oifsetted and screwthreaded extensions and secondary tapering extensions, and a lining-sheet fitting the interior of the central section and having its ends folded over the secondary extensions thereof, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 24th day of March, 1902. </p>
<p>ELWOOD C. PHILLIPS. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>ROBERT BURNS, HENRY A. No'rT, </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2613298-A
|
US-11516849-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22359680
| 1952-10-07
| 1949-09-12
| 1952-10-07
|
337/354.
|
H01H37/52
|
H01H37/52
|
ARMSTRONG CHARLES E
|
Thermostat
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Oct. 7, 1952 c. E. ARMSTRONG 2,613,293 </p>
<p>THERMOSTAT Filed Sept. 12, 1949 CHARLES E. ARMSTE o/vG, </p>
<p>INVENTOR. </p>
<p>Patented Oct. 7 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE THERMOSTAT Charles E. Armstrong, Portland, Oreg. </p>
<p>Application September 12, 1949, Serial No. 115,168 </p>
<p> 1 Claim. 1 </p>
<p> This invention relates to improvements in temperature sensitive switching mechanisms and more particularly to a switch of this character embodying a Micro switch and a temperature sensitive element in the form of a bi-metallic strip for actuating said switch. One of the characteristics of a Micro switch is that the amount of travel required to actuate or depress its plunger is extremely small while the required pressure of force is relatively high. </p>
<p> Accordingly, it is one of the principal objects of my invention to provide a switch of this character wherein the thermostatic element is required to move only a short distance to apply, through leverage, the relatively high pressure necessary to actuate the plunger. </p>
<p> A further object is the provision of a switching mechanism which is of simple, efiicient, durable and inexpensive construction, compact in size and operable within close temperature differential. </p>
<p> These and other objects will appear as my invention is more fully hereinafter described in the following specification, illustrated in the accompanying drawing and finally pointed out in the appended claim. </p>
<p>In the drawing: </p>
<p>Figure 1 is a top plan view of the invention. </p>
<p>Figure 2 is a side elevation of Figure 1. </p>
<p> Referring now more particularly to the drawing: </p>
<p> Reference numeral I indicates a base made of any approved type of insulating material and flanged as at 2 to accommodate any approved type of housing upon which may be mounted the usual mercury thermometer. Rotatably mounted upon the base by means of a screw 3 is a knurled wheel or disk 4 inscribed with numerals representing various degrees of temperature. Secured to the disk or formed integral therewith is a cam 5. </p>
<p> At the opposite end of the base I mount a Micro switch 6 by means of screws 1 and 8. Wires 9 and In of an electrical circuit are connected with the switch and a circuit through the wires is opened or closed by a plunger II which operates the switching mechanism. </p>
<p> Rotatably attached to the base by means of a screw I2 is a collar 13 to which is secured one end of a temperature sensitive element in the form of a strip of bi-metallic material 14. The end of the bi-metallic strip is partially coiled about the collar I3 and is secured thereto by any suitable means, such as soldering or the like. The opposite end of the bi-metallic strip is offset as shown and is provided with an adjusting screw 15 always in contact with the operating surface of the cam 5. The strip 14 is offset only for the purpose of rendering It will be noted that the distance between the the assembly more compact. </p>
<p>screw l5 and the switch plunger 1 I is many times greater than the distance between the plunger and the screw l2 about which the corresponding end of the bi-metallic strip pivots. The amount of leverage established by this arrangement applies ample downward pressure to the plunger by the mere deformation of the bi-metallic strip in its movement from the full line to dotted line position, shown in Figure 1, under the influence of a rising temperature. The normal spaced relation between the bi-metallic strip and the plunger 1 I may be minutely adjusted by the screw 15 against the cam 5. The plunger is provided with a spring-return mechanism to urge it upwardly at all times into contact with the thermostatic element or in adjusted relationship thereto as aforesaid. </p>
<p> While I have shown a particular form of embodiment of my invention, I am aware that many minor changes therein will readily suggest themselves to others skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is: </p>
<p> A thermostatically actuated switching mechanism comprising in combination, an elongated base, a single length of bimetal temperaturesensitive controlling element extending substantially full length of the base and pivotally attached at one of its ends to one end of the base, a cam rotatably mounted on the opposite end of the base, the opposite end of said bimetal element being in adjustable contact with the cam, a switch mounted on the base near said one end thereof, a spring-urged plunger extending outwardly from the switch for actuating the switching mechanism, said plunger being in contact with said bimetal element and positioned at a point closer to said pivotal attachment of the bimetal element than to the center of said bimetal element whereby said plunger will be depressed with maximum pressure upon minimum temperature rise and released with minimum temperature fall. </p>
<p>CHARLES E. ARMSTRONG. </p>
<p>REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,756,660 Perry Apr. 29, 1930 2,111,816 Shaw Mar. 22, 1938 2,171,273 Cunningham Aug. 29, 1939 2,249,259 Shaw July 15, 1941 2,289,973 Lake July 14, 1942 2,336,408 Matthews Dec. '7, 1943 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-18204-A
|
US-18204D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2081319
| 1857-09-15
| null | 1857-09-15
|
8/157.
| null |
D06B5/00
| null |
Ing purposes
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>JILLSON & WHINHELD. </p>
<p>Bleaching Fibrous Material Patented Sept. 15, 1857. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>JULIUS A. JILLSON, OF POUGHKEEPSIE, AND HENRY \VHINFIELD, OF NENV YORK, N. Y. </p>
<p>METHOD OF TREATING FIBROUS OR TEXTILE SUBSTANCES IN A VACUUM FOB CLEANS- ING PURPOSES. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,204, dated September 15, 1857. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that we, JULIUs A. J ILLSON, of the city of Poughkeepsie, county of Dutchess, and State of New York, and HENRY VVHINFIELD, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Method of Treating Various Materials or Substances in a Permanent Vacuum for lVashing, Bleaching, and Analogous Purposes; and wedo hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being bad to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification and representing an apparatus adapted for carrying out this method in which Figure 1 is an elevated perspective view and Fig. 2 is an elevated sectional view. </p>
<p> The same letters have reference to the same parts in each view. </p>
<p> The nature of our invention consists in performing the method above mentioned or any other analogous to it either with or without heat in a permanent vacuum. The air being removed the substances or ma terials treated expand and become readily impregnated with the liquid and easily impart their soluble properties either of dirt, gum, &c., to the fluid with which they are treated and at low temperatures suitable to their various colors and different qualities to be employed, by which means over heating and the continued wear and tear by rubbing, pounding, and wringing, is prevented, and great saving of time realized. </p>
<p> Using a permanent vacuum in all the chambers of the apparatus we employ for treating the various substances or materials or other analogous operations, and as through the entire operation the absence of the air allows free passage to any fluid or gas we may employ, the said fluid or gas is rotated continuously in a vacuum by a double or single acting force pump working in said vacuum without variation or receiving any assistance of force from said vacuum and at temperatures required by the nature of the colors and of the materials or substances treated, and the purpose of the operation performed. </p>
<p> To enable others skilled in the art to use our said method we will proceed to exemplify its application. </p>
<p>The apparatus may be constructed of any suitable materials such as brass, copper, iron galvanized, tin, or wood. </p>
<p> A, is a receiver with an air tight cover B, screwed down air tight by the set screw C, or in any other suitable way. The said receiver A, is placed over the furnace or lamp G. In the receiver A, is placed a strainer D, and over it a detached receiver E, with a similar strainer F. The said receiver A, is connected by the pipes N, O, and P, or their equivalents with the double or single acting force pump I. </p>
<p> T, is a chamber containing a glass cup or jar \V, for holding the bleaching or disinfecting gas or liquid, its cover U, screwed down thereon is connected with the upper part of the force pump 1, by the pipe X, provided with a stop cock Y, and by the pipe P. </p>
<p> (1., a, a, are pipes passing through under and between the receiver A, and the furnace or lamp G, to admit air, when heated air may be required, for drying, or draining, the contents of said receiver A, or E, or any purpose. These pipes deliver the air into and at the top of receiver A, at Z). </p>
<p> c, is a cock to shut off the air when not required. </p>
<p> The strainers D, and F, are made of perforated copper, brass, or wire or woolen cloth, paper, sponge or equivalent. </p>
<p> One or more receivers similar to A, and with one or more double or single acting force pumps and when extensive and large receivers or apparatus are required having one or more pumps for exhausting the air and forming a vacuum may be employed. Also one or more pumps for rotating and forcing the gas or fluid through and through the various substances or materials may be used and can be worked by hand or driven by any other power. </p>
<p> Having thus constructed an apparatus as described or any other equivalent thereto as may be required, we place the wearing ap parel, textile, or fibrous fabrics, animal or vegetable wools, silks, rags, or any other material or substance to be treated in the upper part of the receiver A, or the inner detached receiver E and the liquid necessary either cold or hot in the lower part of said receiver A, under the strainer D, at a degree of heat that will not injure the materials or substances to be treated and closing the cover B, air tight and having all the stop cocks closed except R, and J, let the force pump 1, be set in motion. The air being drawn out of the apparatus, a vacuum will be attained in all its chambers, a thermometer being fixed to said receiver A, if required, any desired degree of heat can be obtained by the use of said furnace or lamp G, or other equivalents. If then the stop cocks R, and J, be closed and stop cocks Q, and S, opened and the motion of the pump continued the liquid contained in the receiver A, will be drawn out therefrom in and passing through the pipe N, and valve L, through the said pump I, through the pipe P, and valve M, into the top of the receiver A, it will return through the materials or substances treated to the lower part of receiver A, and thus be rotated by the said pump for any length of time in an equal temperature with great force and velocity over and over through and through the said materials or substances contained in said receiver A, or inner detached receiver E, until in a very short time the dirt or gum is extracted or cleansed from the said materials or substances treated. If the stop cock R, Q, and J, be opened and the stop cock S, closed, and the motion of the pump continued, air may be drawn from the lower part of receiver A, and forced into the upper part of said receiver and through and through the materials or substances treated until the same be thoroughly dried, the action of the air drawing all the liquid into the bottom of receiver A, when the saturated fluid or refuse may be drawn off by the discharge cock H. The apparatus can then be opened the contents removed and cleansed for another operation. </p>
<p> There may be attached to the apparatus as shown by letter T, a chamber or vessel with pipes connecting it to the receiver A, for the purpose of generating and passing into said receivers A, and E, bleaching or disinfecting gases or liquids which operation being performed in a vacuum forms an essential feature of our method. By closing the stop cocks J, R, and S, the said gases or liquids will be permitted to escape from chamber T, by the pipe X, and if then the stop cocks R, Y, and Q, be opened and the pump be set in motion the said bleaching or disinfecting gases or liquids will be drawn from the chamber T, and forced through and through the materials or substances treated over and over and in a vacuum until in a short time the contents of said receivers A or IE, will on account of the absence of the air be perfectly bleached or disinfected. By subsequently closing the stop cocks J, K, Q and S, the said bleaching or disinfecting gases or liquids can be nearly all forced back into the chamber T, this, owing to the absence of the air in a comparatively pure state where they may be retained by closing the stop cock Y, until wanted again. The receiver A, can then be opened and contents removed. The said wearing apparel textile or fibrous fabrics, animal or vegetable wools, silks, rags, or any other materials or substances after they have passed through the process or operation of cleansing or bleaching in a vacuum can all be rinsed without removal from the receiver A, in a vacuum by our method as before detailed. </p>
<p> It is evident that this method is applicable to various other purposes such as extracting, filtering and draining and which may be performed in a vacuum. </p>
<p> The permanent vacuum forms the essential feature in our method as heretofore described and in consequence of the use of a vacuum in combination with a force pump dispensing with the use of sand and the tedious and uncertain process of maceration and percolation until in a short operation as before detailed a perfectly saturated solution with a small quantity of fluid is obtained in fact the whole strength of the principle is extracted from the woods, roots, leaves, grain, seeds, or other materials or substances either medicinal or otherwise that may be used and with the saving of great expense in evaporating large quantities of liquid in the vacuum pan. </p>
<p> It is also evident that machines or apparatus may be constructed different from the one here described and differently arranged keeping the main feature of our method and objects in view as heretofore described and illustrated. </p>
<p> Having now described and fully set forth our invention and illustrated our way of carrying it out, what we claim as new and desire to have secured to us by Letters Patent is The process of treating fibrous and textile substances in a permanent Vacuum for eX- tracting coloring, grease or other foreign matters substantially as set forth. </p>
<p>J. A. JILLSON. HENRY TVHINFIELD. </p>
<p>Witnesses JOHN VVINSLOW", SILAS E. HAIGI-IT. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-986550-A
|
US-1909516490-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3054891
| 1911-03-14
| 1909-09-07
| 1911-03-14
|
248/342.
| null |
F21V21/02
|
CUMING JAMES S
|
Electric-light fixture.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>J. S. GUMING. </p>
<p>ELECTRIC LIGHT FIXTURE. </p>
<p>I urmoumx FILED snrzm, 1909. </p>
<p>986,550. A I Patented Mar.14, 1911. </p>
<p>fiftieselizfiz j dam 11y. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT ()FETCLI. </p>
<p>JAMES S. CUMING, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSQURI. </p>
<p>ELECTRIC-LIGHT FIXTURE. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, JAMES S. GUMIXG, a citizen of the United States, and resident of St. Louis, Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric- Light Fixtures, of which the following is a specification containing a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof. </p>
<p> This invention relates to adapters for electric lamp fixtures, the object of my invention being to provide an adapter especially designed for use in connection with tung sten lamps in which, by reason of the extreme delicacy of the filament, it is essential that the lamps be hung in a substantially vertical position. </p>
<p> A further object of my invention is to provide an adapter especially designed for use in connection with electric fixtures having stems projecting at an angle relative to the horizontal to provide for the hanging of a socket containing a tungsten lamp in a vertical position from the stem. </p>
<p> A further object of my invention is to provide an adapter for electric lamps in which vibrations imparted to the fixture will I be taken up and absorbed in the adapter and not imparted to the lamp or the filament within the lamp. </p>
<p> For the above purposes my invention consists in certain novel features of construction and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which: </p>
<p> Figure l is an elevation of an electrolier showing stems for holding the lamps and shades therefor at an angle relative to the vertical, the stem on the left hand side being provided. with one of my improved adapters which will suspend a lamp from the stem and maintain it in a vertical position; Fig. 2 is an elevation of a complete adapter detached; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional elevation through the entire adapter showing sections of insulated wires inserted therethrough and a portion of a lamp socket in dotted. lines; and, Fig. 4; is a sectional plan taken on the line 4l lof Fig. 2.. </p>
<p> Referring by numerals to the accompanying drawing: 1 designates the body portion of an electrolier. </p>
<p> 2 designates the stems projecting from the body portion of the electrolier. As shown, </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Application filed September 7, 1999. </p>
<p>Patented Mar. 14, 1911. </p>
<p>Serial No. 516,490. </p>
<p>the stems 2, at their outer ends, occupy positions at an angle relative to the vertical. </p>
<p> The lamp at the right hand side of Fig. l is of ordinary construction and shows a socket 3 which is threaded to the end of the stem 2 and held in a position at an angle relative to the vertical, This shows the ordinary electric fixture having the stem in a slanting position, the socket and lamp being connected rigidly to the fixture. </p>
<p> Threaded to the end of the left hand stem 2 is my improved adapter arranged to suspend a lamp and permit it to hang by gravity in a vertical position. </p>
<p> h [y adapter comprises an upper tubular section at being internally threaded at 5 and carrying a pin 6 having reduced end portions 7. Embracing the reduced ends 7 of the pin 6 are a pair of links 8 which are secured to the pin 6 by riveting or upsetting the reduced ends 7. </p>
<p> Suspended from the links 8 is a pin 9 having reduced ends 10, similar-to the pin 6 and suspended from the pin 9 is a lower tubular section 11 having a reduced threaded extension 12 to which the lamp socket 3 is threaded. </p>
<p> It is to be noted that the pins each are of a length between shoulders greater than the diameter of the tubular sections 4t and 9, which construction permits play of the tubular sections relative to the pins and in this manner lateral vibrations of the electrolier are compensated for and not imparted to the lamp socket and its filament. </p>
<p> By reason of the pivotal connection by the links 8 between the tubular sections longitudinal vibrations of the electrolier are compensated for and not imparted to the socket and filament within the lamp. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p>1. An adapter for electric illuminating fixtures, comprising a member for attach' ment to the fixture, a member for attachmentto the lamp socket and means for loosely, pivotally, connecting the two members which means are free to move lengthwise of their bearings for limited distances whereby vibrations imparted to one of the members will be absorbed and not imparted to the second member. </p>
<p> 2. An adapter for electric illuminating fixtures, comprising a tubular member internally threaded for attachment to the electrio fixtures, pin supported in the tubular member, a second tubular member externally threaded for attachmentto a lamp socket, l and a pin carried by the second member and links piyotally connecting the pins. </p>
<p> 3. An adapter for electric illuminatingi fixtures, comprising a tubular member, ar- </p>
<p>tubular member, the length 01 which is greater than the diameter of the tubular member and links pivotally connecting the pins. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in presence of two subscribing witnesses. </p>
<p> JAMES S. CUMING. lVitnesses H. G. FLETCHER, E. L. \VALLACE. </p>
<p>ranged for attachment with the electric fiX- ture, a pin carried by the tubular member, the length of which is greater than the diameter of the tubular member, a second tubular member arranged for attachment to a lamp socket, a pin carried by the second Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1943500-A
|
US-47725830-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
7750608
| 1934-01-16
| 1930-08-23
| 1934-01-16
|
414/791.
|
B65H33/00
|
B65H2301/422615
|
ALFRED WINKLER
|
Apparatus for handling sheets and the like
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Jan. 16, 1934. wlNKLER r AL 1,943,500 </p>
<p>APPARATUS FOR HANDLING SHEETS AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 23 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet l for/19f Jan. 16, 1934. v wm ET AL 1,943,500 </p>
<p>APPARATUS FOR HANDLING SHEETS AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 25; 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 11 yea fors fl red Wink l6! and Max JJLZ/z/zebzer Patented Jan. 16, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR HANDLING SHEETS AND THE LIKE Alfred Winkler and Max 'Dunnebier, Neuwied, </p>
<p>, Germany Application August 23, 1930, Serial No. 477,258, and in Germany October 2, 1929 8 Claims. (Cl. 9393) This invention relates to apparatus for hanor counting wheel connected with a cam, in part dling single or folded or multiple folded sheets side view and in plan view and also shows the or the like, and for counting and assembling means for changing the cam; Fig. shows infront and stacking such sheets. view the device which serves for assembling the In printing, inserting, assembling and similar difierent stack parts to the main stack or pile. 60 machines the work delivered by themachine must For the sake of greater cleamess, a number of be taken from the machine and counted by hand gears, sprocket wheels and the like are indicated at short intervals, so that the operator has to only by dotted lines in the drawings and some give his whole time to this task alone; or the work parts which are not essential for an understandis collected upon a conveying belt and even in ing of the invention are omitted altogether. </p>
<p>that case the sheets or groups of sheets must be In Fig. 1 the delivery device of a printing, foldcounted individually by hand. ing or other machine for newspaper or other work One object of the present invention is to prois shown, this device serving to convey the sheets vide apparatus whereby the sheets from one of or pieces from the machine to the improved anthe above types of machines are accumulated unparatus and consisting of a circular table or disc til acertain number are grouped together after I mounted on a vertical axle and having g p which they are automatically moved as a whole 2 otat with the d s These pp are $0 and are assembled in a main stack or pile. A controlled by cam means concealed under the further object is the provision of means whereby h 3 t t he pe 2 a the r ght-hand s d 20 the number of sheets or the like accumulated or in the drawings is lifted oil the disc 1 in order grouped together may be varied, and after ast p t t i t du ti of e piece mi fr m sembly in the main stack the groups form inthe machine. After the piece has been received dividual stack portions that are easily distingushupo the d 1 the pp 2 des so that able from each other bytheir difierent positions, the p e moves with the further rotation of the 25 so that the main stack may be built up to a condisc. At the pr p r tim th ripp 2 is s a a siderable extent before removal of the sheets or a d ea theliiece that it 0911 be received the like therefrom, and the individual stack porby fipp mtus. tions thus indicate the number of sheets or the In this apparatus a Shaft 5 i5 Op d m t like assembled in the stack, said machine in properly timed relation thereto, </p>
<p>3 still further abject, f't invention i the and so that it makes one revolution for each sheet provision of a cam with a feed gear wheel which or other D 80 received by the apparat By is operated by a pawl swinging in timed relation means of the bevel 8 pairs 7 and 8, 9, t to the machine and which can engage the feed shaft 5 drives the shaft 4 of the machine and on gear wheel only when a, sheet lea e the ma hine, this shaft 4 distributing discs 10 are carried. En- </p>
<p>35 while in the absence of a sheet, engagement of gagin h d 0 is a n l r 11 fr y on the feed gear wheel is prevented, and consequentmounted in a lever 1 2 carried by a shaft 14 D- ly the number of the teeth engaged by the pawl ported by a frame 13, so that the rollers 11 may be always coincides accurately with the number of swung towards or from the discs 10. The raising sheets leaving the machine and after forming a and lowering of the counter-rollers 10 is effected 40 Stack p t w t a Dmdeberminad number 0f. in properly timed relation to the operation of the sheets: an equal number of teeth has been machine, so that each time a sheet, newspaper or engaged on the feed gear wheel. other piece is fed by the delivery device 1--3, into i other objects m e the the space between the discs 10 and the counterventlon consists in the novel construction and arrollers 11, the said counteb'muers descend upon 45 range'ment hereinafter described ilustrated inthe the piece which is then fed between the discs 10 loo z g g fiz gg gggg gigfig z g g gg g and the rollers 11. For raising and lowering the that various changes in the structural details may rollers 11 cam 15 is mougted shaft and be made without departing from the spirit of the and 1 and invention or Sacrificing any of the advantages shaft 14 effects a partial rotation of this shaft there f 14 and thus raises the counter-rollers 11. An ad- 1 t drawings; ditional lever 1g is secured on the shaft 14 and Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section through part engages a r0d'19 h h is acted upo by a comr the apparatus; Fig; 2' is a side view of the press sp s n sed in a housing 20. thus apparatus; Fig. 3 shows details of the feed gear p n t yh dl s h 1 0! the nnecting rod 16 against the cam 15 and serving to lower the rollers 11 at the proper time. </p>
<p> The piece discharged between the discs 10 and its counter-rollers 11, as a result of the velocity imparted to it, first hits the stationary stops 21 and then falls down flat upon the assembling plate 22 or upon the piece previously received. The assembling plate22 also has stationary stops 23, while oscillating or floating stops 24 and 25 are mounted on shafts 26, 27 and are adapted to ensure uniform stacking of the pieces. The stops 24 receive their movement from a cam 28 on the shaft 4, by means of a roller on a lever 29 which is secured on the shaft 26 carrying the stops 24. The shaft 26 also carries an additional lever 30 which is acted on by a tension spring 30' by which the roller of the lever 29 is kept in contact with the cam 28. The movement of the stops 24 is indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. The stops 25 carried on the shaft 27 are moved by means of the shaft 26 through a roller on a lever 31 carried on the shaft 26 and which roller engages a fork-shaped lever 32 secured on the shaft 27 so that the movement of the shaft 26 is transmitted to the shaft 27. </p>
<p> For counting the pieces received from the machine and reaching the distributing plate 22, the following means are provided. </p>
<p> On the shaft 4, which, as already mentioned, runs in proper timed relation to the machine, an additional cam 33 is secured and by means of this cam a double armed lever 35 is caused to swing freely upon a shaft 34. One arm 36 of this lever carries a roller 36' engaging the cam 33 and the other arm 37 carries a pawl 38, while a tension spring 44 acting on the arm 37 keeps the roller 36 in contact with the cam 33. By means of the pawl 38 a toothed gear wheel 39 is turned to the extent of one tooth each time, the cam 33 being so arranged-that the movement of the lever 35 takes place within the period during which a piece would normally be located between the discs 10 and their counter-rollers 11. In order to ensure that gear wheel 39 is moved by one tooth only with the actual discharge of a piece from the discs 10 and their counter-rollers 11, a feeler 41 is carried by a rocking shaft 40, and is balanced by a counter-weight 42, so that it swings upwardly above the periphery of the discs 10, so long as there is no newspaper or other piece between the discs 10 and their counter-rollers 11. In the upper position of the feeler 41, a tail piece 43 secured to said shaft 40 projects into the path of a swinging arm 38 connected with the pawl 38 so that during the next movement of the angle lever 35, the pawl 38 is disengaged from the feed gear wheel 39, and the pawl 38 is thus prevented from imparting feed movement to the wheel 39. If, on the other hand, a piece is passing between the discs 10 and their counter-rollers 11, the feeler' 41 is depressed by the piece itself, so that the tail piece 43 swings out into the dotted line position, </p>
<p>and the arm 38' of the pawl 38 is not engaged by the tail piece 43, and the pawl 38 therefore engages with the teeth of the feed gear wheel 39, so that the latter is turned by one tooth. A counter-pawl 38" insures the proper positioning of the feed gear wheel 39 after each feed movement. From the foregoing it will be" understood that each feed movement of the wheel 39 corresponds to the delivery of a sheet or other piece to the 95+ sembling plate 22. </p>
<p> When a predetermined number of pieces have been accumulated each time on the assembling plate 22, this accumulation is removed as a whole from the said plate. For this purpose the assembly plate 22 with the stationary stops 23 secured thereon is adapted to shift horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the pieces between the discs 10 and rollers l1. Brackets 45 on the plate 22 are mounted on a cross-bar 46 which is carried between slide pieces 47 adapted to move in slide guides 48. In Fig. 2 the right hand position of the plate 22 is shown by dotted lines. This displacement of the plate 22 is effected by a lever pair 49 having forked ends embracing the cross-bar '46, which latter are attached to a rocking shaft 50, operated in the following manner. The shaft 5 operated in proper timed relation to the apparatus carries a crank 51 which-by means of a connecting rod 52continuously imparts swing movement to a lever 54 loose on the rocking shaft 50. On the said shaft 50 is secured a segment 56 which has a notch or gap on its circumference. When a pawl 53carried by the lever 54-engages the said notch, the segment 56 and the axle 50 receive the partial right-hand turn necessary for the displacement of the plate 22, while the return of the distributing plate 22 into the piecereceiving position is effected by an extension 57 which is provided on the pawl 53 and extends over the segment 56. </p>
<p> For timing the displacement of the distributing plate 22 so that it is effected only after a definite number of pieces have accumulated thereon, the following means are provided. </p>
<p>A cam or rim 58 is provided on the feed gear wheel 39 and has the form of an annular ledge projecting laterally from the said wheel. In this 59 can be closed by insert-pieces 60 fastened therein by means of screws 61, so as to divide the teeth of the wheel 39 into groups each having a number of teeth corresponding to the number of sheets to be accumulated on the plate 22. If for example-15 pieces are to be accumulated each time on the distributing plate 22 and removed from. it together, four indentations 59 must be left open thus subdividing the feed gear wheel 39 into four times fifteen teeth. On the surface of the cam 58 runs a roller 64 which is mounted on the lever 63 which is fixed on a shaft 62 and is affected by a spring 65 which is connected to a lever 66 also fixed on the shaft 62 so that the roller 64 is kept in engagement with the cam. When fifteen teeth of the wheel 39 have been fed each time, the roller 64 enters one of the indentations 59, and the lever 66 then assumes the position shown in the drawings in dotted lines. This lever 66 is connected by a tie rod 67 with a segment 68 loosely mounted on the axle 50, which segment is thus swung into the dotted line position. The segment 68 is arranged close alongside of the said feed segment 56 carrying the notch 55 these segments 56 and 68 have the same radius. The pawl 53 is of such a width that it bears on the circumference of both'segments and the arrangement is such that the segment 68 laterally covers up the notch 55 of the feed segment 58 in the full line position Fig. 2, while it exposes this notch whenturned into the dotted line position. So long as the roller 64 of the lever 63, </p>
<p>bears on the raised surface of the cam 58 therefore, the permanently swinging pawl 53 cannot d enter the notch 55 of the feed segment 56; a this engagement is possible only when the roller 64 has entered one of the indentations 59 and the segment 68 has been swung out into the dotted line position. This position is retained during one revolution of the shaft 5 and during this period the pawl 53 swings the feed segment 56 and thereby displaces theassembling plate 22 for removing the sheets accumulated thereon and also efl'ects the return of the assembling plate 22 into the sheet or piece receiving position. At the beginning -ofthe next revolution and assuming that the next piece is being properly conveyed to the assembling plate 22, the roller 64 leaves the indentation 59 and the segment 68 has returned to the position shown so that the pawl 53 during its continued oscillations again slides without effect over the circumference of the segment 68 until the roller 64 enters the next indentation of the cam 58. </p>
<p> The accumulated pieces moved in the above mannerare received in the first place by a drum 69 which has a rubber cover on its circumference and by the roller 70 likewise provided witha rubber cover. The drum 69 runs loosely on the shaft 5 and turns in the opposite direction to said shaft. This drum 69 is driven by a gear 71, solidly connected with it through the medium of intermediate wheels '72 and 73 from the gear 74 secured on the shaft 5. The roller 70 is driven by means of a gear 75 on its shaft, through the medium of an intermediate wheel 76 from the said gear 71 connected with the drum 69. </p>
<p> The drum 69 and the roller 70 convey on to a table 76 the accumulated, pieces received by them from the plate 22. The table 76 is attached to 9. depending stem 78 vertically displaceable in a frame 77 and is adapted to add these accumulated sheets s (Fig. 4) to the main stack S which latter rests on two supporting plates 79 and 79 which can be swung inwardly and outwardly. Each tkme that a group of pieces s is fed to it the table 7 must execute vertical up-and-down movements in proper timed relation to the operation of the other parts of the apparatus and these movements are efi'ected in the following manner. </p>
<p> The said shaft 50 has secured thereon a lever 80 carrying a pin 81 at its free end. Beneath the shaft 50 there is mounted a rocking shaft82 from which a lever 83 extends upwardly. This lever 83 carries a small double-arm pawl lever 85 adapted to rotate on a bolt 84 andbearing,underthe action I of a torsion spring 86, with its lower arm against a stop pin 87 on the lever 83, while the end of its upper arm projects into the path of the pin 81 on the lever 80'. On the shaft 82 is attached a second lever 88 which is connected to a tension spring 89 which pulls it against a stop pine 90. </p>
<p>When the assemblingplate 22, after having delivered a group of pieces to the drum 69 and roller 70, moves back again into the piece receiving position and t'ie lever 80 passes from the dotted-line into the v ull-line position, the pin 81 engages the upper end of the lever 85 and swings the lever 83 towards the right (Fig. 2) until the said pin disengages said lever, whereupon the spring 89 again brings the lower lever 88 into engagement with the pin 90. This swinging of the lever 88 is transmitted, through a tie rod 91 to a tripper 92v of a one-revolution coupling 93 of any suitable or well known type, thus causing the shaft 94, after its release, to execute one revolution and to then come to rest again. The shaft 94 is driven in this connection through the medium of the gear 93' on the one revolution coupling and of the intermediate wheels 95- and 96, by the gear 97 on the shaft 5; the example drawn being in the ratio of 1 to 8, so that eight revolutions of the machine cause one revolution of the shaft 94. A toothed segment' 101 is mounted to turn about and swinging movement is imparted thereto by a crank 98 on the shaft 94, through the medium of a connecting rod 99 connected with it. This segment 101 is in mesh with a gear 103 on a shaft 102, which in the drawings (Fig. 2 coincides with a' second gear on the same shaft. The latter engages the stem 78 of the table 76 which stem is made as a round rack throughout a part of its length, so that the swinging movement of the tooth segment 101 causes the stem 78 and the table 76 borne by it to move upwardly and downwardly. </p>
<p> The adding of the accumulated pieces s to the main stack S during the upward movement of the table 76 is efiected in the following manner. </p>
<p>. The main stack is carried by the said supporting plates '79 and 79' which'are attached to arms 104 and 104' reaching under the longitudinal edges of the pieces. The arms 104 and 104 are mounted to swing on shafts 105 and 105 in the frame 77. When the table 76 is raised so far that the piece lying uppermost on top of it has arrived in a position close under the supporting plates 79 and 79, the arms 104 and 104 carrying the latter are automatically swung out, so that the "main stack S is placed on top of the pieces s carried by the table 76; and during the further upward movement of the table, the main stack S then participates in this movement together with the newly 'added pieces s. After the table has reached its highest position, the arms 104 and 104' with the supporting plates 79 and 79 again swing in under what is now the main stack, </p>
<p>whereupon the table 76 again moves downward. </p>
<p>The supporting plates 79 and 79' carry recesses 106 (Fig. 2) which project from their free longitudinal edge as far as the first bend visible in the drawings, and the parts remaining between these recesses reach, when the arms again swing inwardly, into corresponding recesses provided in the table 76, so that the supporting plates 79 and 79' can swing in unhindered in the highest position of the table 76. </p>
<p> For the swinging of the arms 104 and 104', which must always take place during the upward movement of the table 76, two shafts 107 and 168 are mounted on the frame 77. The shaft 107 is driven, through the medium of a sprocket wheel 109, a chain 111 and a sprocket on the shaft 94, from this shaft 94. A bevel gear 112 on the 'shaft 107 drives a bevel gear 112 of equal sizeon the shaft 108 which moreover carries an adjustable cam 113. The ratio is so chosen that one revolution of the shaft 94 results in one revolution of the shaft 108. On the shaft 105' of the arm 104' is secured an angle lever 114 which on one of its two arms carries a roller 115 which is held against the surface of the cam 113 by a tension spring 116 connected to the other arm or said lever. On the shaft 105 of the arm 104,-is seemed an angle lever 117 one of whose arms 5 has a slot at its freeend for engagement by an extension of a bolt 118, by means of which the said roller 115 is carried on the lever 114. I The other arm-of this angle lever 117 is connected to a. tension spring lllf. The roller 115'therefore acts on both arms 104 and 104 which are swung inwardly with the supporting plates 79 and 79' beneath the main stack, as long as the roller bears on the low portion of the cam 113, so that the inward swinging of the arms-where no resistance of any kind has to be overcome-is effected under the action of the two tension springs 116, while the outward swinging is positively effected by the action of the cam 113 when the roller 115 passes from the low to the high portion of said cam where it is necessary to overcome the pressure of the main stack resting upon the plates 79, 79. </p>
<p> The inward swinging of the arms 104 and 104' always takes place when the table 76 is at the highest position, while the outward swinging, on the other hand, is variable and is governed by the height of the group of pieces s resting on the table 76 at any one time. This must take place, with any height of the pieces s whenever its uppermost piece, during the upward movement of the table, has reached a point close under the supporting plates 79 and 79. For that reason the cam 113 is made in two parts, of-which the part 113 controlling the passage from the high to the low portion and therefore effecting, together with the tension springs 116, the inward swinging of the arms 104 and 104', is solidly or permanently secured to the shaft while the other part 113" which controls the passage from the low to the high portion, for the outward swinging of the arms 104 and 104, is free to turn on the shaft 108, or on the hub of the, part 113' and can be secured by a screw 119 to suit the height of the group of sheets s being handled at any one time. </p>
<p> Means are also provided whereby each group of sheets 3 added to the stack may be turned to a position opposite to that of the preceding group 8. This is advantageous with folded newspapers and the like, if only for the reason that these are thicker at the side having the cross folds than at their other sides. The arrangement according to this invention is such that each time a group of sheets s is to be added to the main stack the group s is received upon the table 76, and each alternate group is turned through 180 degrees in the plane of the sheets so that the cross folds in the groups alternately lie on opposite sides of the main stack S. To effect this turning movement the stem 78 secured to the table 76 extends through a sleeve 120 mounted on the frame 77 and having a helical cam surface 122 extending through 180 degrees and adapted to engage a pin or roller 123 projecting from the side of the stem 78, the cam surface 122 being formed so as to cause the stem 78 to turn through 180 degrees during its upward movement, but to allow a short vertical movement-without rotationat the beginning and at the end of the upward movement of the stem.- The pin or roller 123 traverses the cam surface 122 and effects the turning of the stem 78 when the sleeve 120 is in the proper position. In the position shown in Fig. 2, the next upward movement of the stem 78 would take place with a simultaneous turning through 180 degrees, since the pin 123 on the stem 78 bears on the lower end of the cam 122. A suitable gap is formed in the sleeve 120 so that the stem 78 is not rotated during its subsequent downward movement. After the next upward movement of the table 76 the sleeve 120 is turned through 180 degrees, in the same direction as that ,of the table, the said sleeve 120 being turned through 180 degrees after every second upward movement of the table 76 by means of the following mechanism. The shaft 94 makes one revolution for each upward and downward movement of the table 76 and has a gear 124 in mesh with a gear 125 of equal size on the shaft 126. The gear 124 has teeth only on such a part of its circumference that its full revolution only results in exactly one half revolution of the gear 125 and of the shaft 126, which latter carries the roller wheel 127 of a Maltese gear, and one full revolution of the wheel 127 imparts to the Maltese cross 129 on the shaft 128 movement through 90 degrees. On the shaft 128 of the Maltese cross 129 there is provided a gear 130 and this is twice as large as a gear 132 which meshes therewith and is secured on a shaft 131. One quarter of a turn of the Maltese cross 129 therefore results, each time, in half a revolution of the shaft 131, whichlatter carries a spiral gear 133 which drives a similar gear 121 secured on the said sleeve 120. </p>
<p> Considering the above mechanism in the position shown at Fig. 2 it will be understood that during the next complete revolution of the shaft 94 the table 76 is caused to rise with a simultaneous turn through degrees, the shaft 126 and the roller wheel 127 turn through half a revolution in a clockwise direction, during which the roller 12,7 reaches the diametrically opposite position shown by dotted lines without imparting movement to the Maltese cross 129. After the completion of the revolution of the shaft 94, the </p>
<p>pin 123 of the stem 78, is located at the right hand side, since the table 76 during its upward movement has turned through 180 degrees. The pin 123 therefore no longer bears on the lower extremity of the cam surface 122, so that during the next revolution of the shaft 94 the vertical movement of the table 76 takes place without a simultaneous turning movement, but the roller 127' of the roller wheel 127 moves from the dotted into the full-line position so that during the second half of its half revolution the roller 127 turns the Maltese cross 129 through ninety degrees, so that the sleeve 120 is turned through 180 degrees in the same direction as the table was previously turned, so that the pin 123 of the stem 78 again engages the lower extremity of the cam surface 122. Since only half the revolution of the roller wheel 127, (on account of the partial toothing of the gear 124) only takes place during the descent of the table 76 and the movement of the Maltese cross 129 moreover only takes place in the second 1' half of the half revolution of the roller wheel 127, the turning of the sleeve 120 commences only after the table 76 has made one half of its downward movement; the sleeve can therefore be turned through 180 degrees without hindrance. </p>
<p> With reference to the action of the said lever 80 on the shaft 50 of the means for releasing the one-revolution coupling 93 by swinging the lever 88, it should be understood that movement of the lever 88 is effected only when the assembling plate 22 moves back into the sheet-receiving position, that is to say, when the lever 80 passes from the dotted to the full-line position, Fig. 2, since with the opposite movement of the lever 80 its pin 81 merely swings the small pawl lever 85, which turns it on its bolt 84. Before the lever 80 has reached the dotted line position, however, the pawl 85 again slides off the pin 81 and the torsion spring 86 brings it again into contact with its stop-pin 87. </p>
<p> Although the drawings and the above specification disclose the best mode in which we have contemplated embodying our invention, we desire to be in no way limited to the details of such disclosure for in the further practical application of our invention, many changes may be made in the form and construction as circumstances require or experience suggests without departing from the spirit of this invention within the scope of the appended claims. </p>
<p>What we claim is: </p>
<p> 1. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheets and the like comprising an assembling member, means for delivering the sheets to such member, means for conveying the assembled sheets on said member, a toothed counting wheel operated by the delivery of the sheets to the said member, variable cammeans on said wheelfor controlling the conveyance of the assembled sheets, and means for receiving the said sheets. </p>
<p> 2. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheets and the like comprising a sheet receiving member, means including a toothed wheel for counting and feeding the sheets to said member, means for imparting lateral movements to said member on accumulation of a predetermined number of sheets, a cam rim onsaid wheel for controlling said lateral movements, and means for feeding from said member the sheets so accumulated. </p>
<p> 3. Apparatus of thecharacter described for handling and stacking sheets and the like comprising an assembling plate, means for feeding the sheets to said plate, means including a toothed wheel for counting said sheets, means for displacing the plate with said sheets when a predetermined number have been accumulated, a plurality of recesses in'said wheel, means engaging said recesses for controlling said plate displacing means, and means for receiving said accumulated sheets. </p>
<p> 4. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheets and the like comprising a plate for receiving the sheets from a printing or other machine, means including a toothed wheel for feeding, counting and accumulating the sheets, means for laterally displacing the sheets when a predetermined number have been accumulated, and a rim on the said wheel, a plurality of recesses said rim, a swinging member adapted to enter said recesses to control the sheet displacing means, a reciprocating table for raising the sheets into contact with the lower extremity. of a main stack of sheets, and means .for supporting said sheets in said main stack. </p>
<p> 5. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheets and the like comprising means for counting and accumulating the sheets. means for receiving the accumulated sheets, means for transferring the sheets from the accumulating means to said receiving means, movable plates for supporting a main stack of sheets above the accumulated sheets on said receiving means, swinging arms carrying said plates, cam mechanism for operating the said plates to receive the accumulated sheets, and means for adjusting the saidcam mechanism to suit the height of the accumulated sheets. </p>
<p> 6. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheets and the like comprising means for accumulating and counting the sheets including a ratchet counting wheel with a cam rim thereon, a table for receiving .he accumulated sheets, means for feeding the sheets from said accumulating means to said tab. J, comprising a-swinging member, means for operating the same in proper timed relation to the operation of the apparatus and means cooperating with the cam rim on said counting wheel for 0011-, necting the swinging lever with said feeding means on the accumulation of a predetermined number of sheets. </p>
<p> 7. Apparatus of the character described for handling sheets and the like comprising means for accumulating the sheets, means for receiving the accumulated sheets, means for conveying the accumulated sheets from the accumulating means to said receiving means, swinging members for supporting a main stack of sheets, means for raising the accumulated sheets towards the main stack of sheets, cam means for operating said swinging members to receive the said accumulated sheets, and adjusting mechanism 'to modify the action of said cam means to suit the height of the accumulated sheets. </p>
<p> 8.. Apparatus of the character described for counting and stacking sheets and the like comprising a counting wheel, a series of indentations therein, a slide plate for the accumulation of the sheets, means for raising accumulated 5 sheets to a main stack, rotary means for feed ing the accumulated sheets to said raising means from the said plate, a member for engaging one of said indentations after the accumulation of a predetermined number of sheets on said plate, 20 cam mechanism controlled by said member for sliding the said plate to deliver the accumulated sheets to said rotary sheet feeding means, and control mechanism cooperating with said cam mechanism for the control of the said means 5 for raising the accumulated sheets to the main stack, and means for closing any desired number of indentations to vary the number of sheets in each accumulation on the said plate. </p>
<p>ALFRED WINKLER. mx mmmnama. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1009002-A
|
US-1907355447-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3077312
| 1911-11-14
| 1907-02-02
| 1911-11-14
|
425/393.
|
B29C65/18
|
B29L2023/245
|
WELCH WALTER HENRY
|
Rubber-joint-making instrument.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> W. H. WBLCH. RUBBER JOINT MAKING INSTRUMENT. </p>
<p>APPLICATION IIL Patented Nov. 14, 1911. </p>
<p>3 SHEETSSHEET 1 may 7 W. H. WELSH. V RUBBER JOINT MAKING INSTRUMENT. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED IEB.2, 1907. </p>
<p>Patented Nov. 14, 1911. </p>
<p>3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. </p>
<p> 0 YMQ jag/fess 8. Wm I Ay "W W. -H. WELGH. RUBBER JOINT MAKING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED PEB.2, 1907. </p>
<p>1,009,002, Patented NOV. 14, 1911. </p>
<p>3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. </p>
<p> Z{ Z Gr\\ 3 112 wen 501".- </p>
<p>' Wzineases: j/M </p>
<p>FFIQE; </p>
<p>WALTER HENRY WELGI-I, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HARVEY FROST & COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND. </p>
<p>RUBBER-JOINT-MAKING- INSTRUMENT. </p>
<p> ooaooa. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, WALTER HENRY WELCH, a subject of the King of England, residing at London, in England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in RubberJoint-Making Instruments, of which the following is a. specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof. </p>
<p> This invention relates to instruments used for making the joints in rubber tubes, especially those used in jointing pneumatic tires, the general object being to secure an instrument by which to make a satisfactory joint of the two ends of the tire tube whereby the tube is made into a hollow annulus. The joint maybe secured in any desired manner, as by solutioning or vulcanizing, but vulcanizing is the preferable course. Hitherto when vulcanizing a joint of this kind, great difficulty has been experienced in making the two surfacesadhere satisfactorily during the vulcanizing process on account of the difficulty of obtaining satisfactory pressure inside the mold. </p>
<p> Therefore, a more particular object of my invention is to provide suitable means for producing such internal pressure. </p>
<p> Other objects and advantages of my in vention will hereinafter appear. </p>
<p> In carrying out the present invention the necessary internal pressure is provided by means of an instrument which may be termed an expanding mandrel. </p>
<p> My invention includes such a mandrel in which there is left through the center of the mandrel an unobstructed passageway for' the tire tube (one end of which is folded back over the outside of the mandrel. for </p>
<p>jointing to the other end of the tire tube) and my invention further includes a construction permitting the removal of the mandrel from the closed hollow annulus of the tire tube. </p>
<p> My invention also includes an expanding mechanism for the mandrel. </p>
<p> My invention also includes several fea tures of construction and combinations of parts, as will appear from the following description. </p>
<p> The instrument may comprise a length of mandrel tube, more or less approximately equal to the length of the joint. This mandrel tube is split or divided longitudinally at one side and expanding means for the Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Application filed February 2, 1907. </p>
<p> Patented Nov. 14, 1911. Serial No. 355,447. </p>
<p>mandrel tube are provided and are laterallydisposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein, </p>
<p>mandrel tube, which are usually more or less spaced to provide room for the expanding mechanism. </p>
<p> In order to prevent deleterious effect upon or injuries to the rubber tube because of the comparatively large space or gap between the edges where the mandrel tube is split or divided, I prefer to inclose the expanding mandrel tube in another similar mandrel tube which is merely divided or split longitudinally so that the edges come close together. By this means when the inner mandrel tube is expanded the outer one is also expanded, but does not present the large and more or less irregular opening of the internal one, and being comparatively thin, forms, with the internal tube, a substantially outwardly smooth lap joint. In using this instrument the two ends of the rubber tube to be joined are brought together and placed one over the other in the usual manner with the necessary vulcanizing solution or other materials between them, the inner end of the tube being doubled a second time, thereby leaving an annular space in which the expanding apparatus is placed, the gaps in the two parts readily permitting both mandrel tubes to be placed on the rubber tire tube or removed therefrom after the joint is completed; or, if preferred, the expanding mandrel may be first placed upon one end of the rubber tube and the latter doubled over afterward. In order to vulcanize the joint, I prefer to employ a divided mold, steam heated or otherwise heated. This mold can be placed upon the joint and by means of the expander or mandrel, the two faces of the joint can be pressed firmly against the mold and the necessary pressure thus obtained. hen the vulcanization is completed, the divided mold can be removed and the expander or mandrel also removed by taking it apart and passing the rubber through the gaps formed at the longitudinal divisions or splits in the mandrel tubes. </p>
<p> I shall now describe the several instruments illustrated in the accompanying drawings and embodying my invention and shall thereafter point out my invention in claims. </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of mandrel. Fig. 2 shows in perspective another construction with the parts separated. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the mandrel shown in Fig. 2 with the parts in their operative position and a rubber tire tube in place, portions being broken away for clearness of illustration. Fig. at is a partial transverse section through the mandrel and tire tube shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of another modified construction of mandrel. Fig. 7 illustrates a convenient form of outer support or mold for use with the mandrel. </p>
<p> Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings, which for convenience of description will be referred to consecutively. </p>
<p> \Vith reference first to Fig. 1, there is provided a non-continuous annular expansible member shown as a mandrel tube A split at A to provide a gap and having its edges divergently separated to form a wedgeshaped opening. The mandrel tube A is shown as cut away at A to accommodate a lug B secured to another non-continuous annular expansible member shown as an outer mandrel tube B which encircles the inner mandrel tube A and is split at B to provide a gap shown as diametrically opposite to the gap A in the inner mandrel tube A. The lug B forms a bearing for a screw-threaded rod O, the threaded portion of which engages with a tapped lug D attached to a wedge D and forming a traveling nut. This wedge D is arranged to work in the angular opening A in the inner mandrel tube A, the adjacent edges of which are shown as turned inward to form wedging surfaces; and rotation of the screw O by means of its handle C will cause the wedge D to move relatively to the opening and to expand the inner tube A or allow it to contract, by reason of its own resiliency, according to the direction of the movement of the wedge. The expansion of the mandrel tube A necessarily brings about the expansion of the encircling outer mandrel tube B. It should be noted that the lug B acts as a stop or abutment to prevent the inner mandrel tube A from moving longitudinally relatively to the tube B during the expanding operation. </p>
<p> In the form of construction shown in Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive, and to which the claims are more particularly directed, the expansion of the inner mandrel tube A is brought about by means of toggle links E instead of the wedge D. These toggles are pivotally attached to a rod O and are provided with pins E which removably fit into holes A in the inner tube A. In this construction the same outer split mandrel tube B may be and is shown as employed as in the construction described with reference to Fig. 1, and having the lug B through which a projecting screw-threaded portion of the rod O freely passes and is operable by means of a wing nut C to thereby actuate the toggles E. Figs. 3, A and 5 show this form of the mandrel in its operative position. One end F of the pneumatic tube to be jointed is first passed through the man drel and doubled over upon itself, as shown in Fig. 5. Over this doubled-over portion the other tube end F is then placed and is surrounded by a suitable outer support, a portion of which is shown at G. This support when the joint is to be vulcanized may conveniently be of the construction illustrated by way of example in Fig. 7 where G indicates a removable liner centrally placed within a divided mold G This mold can be heated by means of steam or otherwise as may be desired. When the joint is placed in position within the mold or other outer support with the mandrel in operative position, the expanding mechanism, such as the screw-threaded rod C and toggle links E, is brought into action and the mandrel formed by the mandrel tubes A and B is expanded, producing an even pressure from within. It will be understood that any suitable compound is placed between the surfaces to be jointed in the usual way. WVhen the joint has been made, the mandrel is allowed to contract, as it will do by reason of its resiliency when the nut O is loosened (or the screw C, as the case may be), and the tube is then undoubled leaving the joint, if made in the manner described, as the usual lapped joint. The jointed pneumatic tube is removed from the mandrel through the gaps in the mandrel tubes. </p>
<p> In the further modified construction of tool shown in Fig. 6, the expansion of a sin gle mandrel tube A is brought about by means of a long pinion H meshing with an internally toothed curved rack J. The pinion H has smooth reduced end portions shown as carried in suitable bearings on the tube A one of these ends projecting beyond its bearings, as shown, and being provided with a pinionactuating handlewheel H The adjacent end of the rack J is arranged to push against a suitable abutment on the mandrel tube A shown as aturned down edge A of such tube, so that when the pinion H is rotated in the proper direction the movement of the rack J expands the mandrel tube A which is retained in its expanded condition by means of a ratchet K and pawl K carried respectively by the pinion H and one of its bearing lugs. On the release of this ratchet mechanism the mandrel tube A will. by reason of its resiliency, resume its original contracted condition. In other respects than above noted, </p>
<p>the operation of this particular mandrel is similar to that of those hereinbefore de scribed with reference to the other figures of the drawings. In this construction, like those previously described, an outer expansible mandrel tube may be employed, if desired, but instead thereof a shield L is shown as provided to bridge the gap in the mandrel tube A and this shield should have a free sliding engagement with at least one extremity of the mandrel tube A but if desired for convenience, may be attached to the other mandrel extremity, by hinging or otherwise. The shield L prevents injury to the rubber tube, similarly to the outer mandrel tube B, hereinbefore described. </p>
<p> It is understood that these various constructions of mandrels are shown and described by way of examples, and that, as broadly claimed herein, the expansion of the non-continuous tubes may be brought about by any suitable means answering the requirement of leaving unobstructed the central aperture in the mandrel, to permit the pneumatic tube to pass through the mandrel. </p>
<p> Although the mandrel has been described as used for making a lapped joint, it will be seen that it is also particularly suitable for making a flush joint when required to do so, as the pressure produced by the mandrel is exerted evenly all around from within the joint. </p>
<p> It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructions, shown in the drawings and above particularly described within the principle and scope of my invention. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising a non-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in the annular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure on the joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the joint is completed, and expanding means for said annular member laterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein. </p>
<p>2. An instrument for making joints in rubber tub-es comprising a non-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in the annular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure on the joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the joint is completed, and expanding means for said annular member laterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein, such means including a rotative manually actuatable handle part located at the end of said annular member. </p>
<p> 3. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising a non-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in the annular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure on the joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the joint is completed, and expanding means for said a11- nular member laterally-disposed with. relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein, such means including a toggle cooperative with such member, and means for actuating the toggle. </p>
<p> 4:. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising a non-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in the annular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure on the joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the joint is completed, and expanding means for said annular member laterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein, such means including a spreading device, and means for actuating such device. </p>
<p> 5. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising a non-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in the annular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure on the joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the joint is completed, and expanding means for said annular member laterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein, such means including a spreading device, and a screw for actuating such device. </p>
<p> 6. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising a non-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in the annular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure on the joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the joint is completed, and expanding means for said annular member laterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein, such means including a combined screw and toggle mechanism. </p>
<p> 7 An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, in combination, an inner expansible split annulus, an. outer expansible split annulus circumferentially surrounding the inner annulus, the annuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in the other, and expanding means for the inner annulus. </p>
<p> 8. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, in combination, an inner expansible split annulus, an outer expansible split annulus circumferentially surrounding the inner annulus, the annuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in the other, and expanding means for the inner annulus, such means including a combined screw and toggle mechanism. </p>
<p>9. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, in combination, an inner expansible split annulus, an outer expansible split annulus circumfercntially surrounding the inner annulus, the annuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in the other, and expanding means for the inner annulus, such means including a plurality of toggles bridging the gap at the split in the inner annulus, and a screwthreaded actuating rod for the toggles. </p>
<p> 10. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, in combination, an inner expansible split annulus, an outer eX pansible split annulus circumferentially surrounding the inner annulus, the annuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in the other, and expanding means for the inner annulus, such means including a toggle bridging the gap at the split in the inner annulus, a longitudinally-movable actuating rod for the toggle, and actuating means for such rod. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses. </p>
<p>WALTER HENRY WELCH. </p>
<p>WVitnesses: </p>
<p>RICH. CAsTLn, E. M. TOLERTON. </p>
<p>Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2604104-A
|
US-14981450-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22531904
| 1952-07-22
| 1950-03-15
| 1952-07-22
|
132/53.
|
A41G3/00
|
A41G3/00
|
SAMUEL PERLIN
|
Toupee
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>S. PERLIN July 22, 1952 TOUPEE Filed March 15, 1950 mmvroa SAMUEL PERU/V Patented July 22, 1952 -Application Mareh 15,195llifSriatNd. 149,8 1f i I 1'? Thisinventi'onis directed; to anovel toupee and to a simplified method of :making suchtoupee. Hithertothe entire scalp was covered by a toupee eventhough partly bald. This type of toupee was quite, expensive and required an inside adhe- 'sive strip over wide areas. Moreover theold type of .toup'ee employed: .a' cloth mesh which not i only extended tunsightly beyond the hair line but also required adhesive to hold it in place. The invention has: for its primar object to providea fragmentaryztoupee complementary to the head of hair for! effectively covering the bald area only:- Ano'ther. object resides in the provision I of a toupee of the character referred to which maybe quickly'and easily applied to cover the-bald area only, which is more economical to produce as the entire scalp need not-be covered; which is neater in appearance, which. stays set and which has :"no anterior: part extending beyond the hair line.-. Another important'jobject resides in an economical method 'of 'forming a toupee complementary to the head ofhair to conform to the contour of 'the'bald area of. the'scalp. Other important aspects-advantages and features of the invention will appear from the following 'de- ,1-3 creams... (01.132 53). 1- </p>
<p>tailed description taken with the: accompanying drawings wherein: I </p>
<p> Fig; 1 shows a thin sheet'of plastic out of which the toupeeis formed in-accordance with-my in'-' vention.-'" *Fig. 2 'is a plan view of a head of a person having a portion thereof bald. -Fig. 3- is a view similar to Fig.-2 but with pencil oi -crayon marking thereon to outlinethe bald area on which is adhesively secured strips of Fig. 4 is a front elevational view of Fig. 3 but illustrating the head covered with a soft molding clay or hydrocolloid composition for obtaining an exact impression of the head, namely; a negative offthehea'd ormatrix. Fig. {is a'cross,s'ectional view of the negative formedin'Fig. 4 together with the plaster of Paris complementary positive. I </p>
<p>Fig. dis a 'front view of the positive. </p>
<p> is plan view of the positive along the line 15-1 1" Fig.6 illustrating thestrip receiving bo sesrm ,1 Fig .8-is a cross sectional view ofthepositive. on; theline 88 of Fig. 9 wherein the periphery ofi .-the' .bald zone or area 'has been indented or grooved. 2 </p>
<p> Fig.9 is a plan'view on the line 9-4 of Fig. 8. .;.c1.igi.10. shows the;sheets'ot plastic'of Fig. '1 </p>
<p>phragr'n orhair carrier. l 1 </p>
<p>interposed and processed between the positiveof Fig. 8 and the companion negative of Fig. 5.. Fig. 11 is a planview-of the template or dia-- phragm cut-from the processed plastic sheet after removal from the negative and positive shown in Fig.. 1215a cross sectional view on the'li'ne l2-1-'l2--'of-Fig.-l1. i Fig. 13: is-a front elevational view-of thev dia-' phragm or mask shown in 11', however, partly broken away. a Fig. 14' illustratesforaminated. I 1 Fig. 15 is 'a' longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 11 illustrating the posterior'boss'es of-the' diathe diaphragm of Fig; 11 </p>
<p>V Fig. 16' is a view similar to Fig. 151b1it showing adhesive strips confined'in-the posteriorbosses; Fig; "17"iS a? plan view of the diaphragm 'orhair carrieradhesively secured to the bald section of ahead of hair and fixedly carrying hair' matching the headofhairu Fig. 18 is a view similar'to Fig. 16 but-.witli suction cups arranged within the bosses; </p>
<p> Fig. '19 is an enlarged fragmentary view of Fig. </p>
<p> Fig. 20 is a" front and partly-sectional-view-of a diaphragm or mask according to the invention but vcarr yinga conventional-and full toup'een 1 Referring to the drawings and more" particu larly to Fig. 2 the head H 'shown is partly bald. According to. the herein method, anoutline in pencilv'or crayon is. first made on the sca1p,-con-' forming to the bald area BA to beco'ver'ed by the toupee". Thereafter spaced adhesive strips I] and the elongated adhesive strip l2 are secured onto the bald area as shown in Fig. 3. Subse quently: the head is covered with a soft molding clayorxhydrocolloid composition 'for desirably casting an impression of the top of the-head. Thisi'cast hardens and may be quickly removed from thehead. This cast'maybe-consideredasj a matrix ornegative N of the head H. Utilizingv negative N, a complementarypositive P is cast from plaster of Paris (Fig. 5) and'when removed-from the negative embodies spaced bosses l3 and'the upstanding rib I4, conforming respectively to the spaced strips II and the elongated strip l2 and except for both of the latter-, the positive cast P' (Fig. 6) identically follows and-conforms to the contour of the top of the head shownin Fig. 2 and especially em plied in an appropriate press (not'shown) for a suitable time, thus conforming the sheet to the contour of the bald area and to embody the spaced upstanding hollow bosses H, the upstanding re inforcing and hollow rib I9 and the peripheral or marginal indentation I8 (Fig. 10). -The sh'eet S is softened almost to a fluid state andwhen placed under pressure between the positive and 4 of construction and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of the advantages thereof inherent therein. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. A toupee for covering the bald area of a head of hair, comprising; a relatively thin, relatively rigid and resilient arcuate membrane cono m n 5 to id 11 5. imentary' to saidfhead offhair, hair; secured to said membrane for covering the u per surface thereof, and adhesive strips carried by the under surface of said membrane for gripping said bald 2 A toupee for coveringthe bald area only of a head of hair', comprising; a relatively thin but negative (Fig. 10), the plastic material flows into Y T grooves I5 to form indentation l8. .Sheet S after processing-is removedfrom'the negative and positive and the diaphragm or hair carrier Tis cut therefrom to include the peripheral depending downwardly and outwardly sloping margin or lip '20. -.Diaphragm ormaskT is a relatively thin arcuate member, flexible and resilient and follows .identicallyzthe contour of the bald area. Within the recesses.:-l.8.'-.defined byspaced bosses. I] adhesive strips 2|iare secured and within the elongated grooves 22 of rib l9, adhesive strip 23 is retained. Strips 2| and. 23have their adhesivecoatings. facing downwardly for firmly gripping the scalp. after the arcuate diaphragm or membrane T is properly positionedon the bald zone. By such actionthe beveled margins or peripheral lip firmly bear into the scalp and form, a close and fine fit with the hair line. Diaphragm or carrier .T after processing-has effectively secured theretojsuitable hair HR .(Fig. 17). matching the naturalhairNH, thus ,forming a fragmentary .toupeeyor hair carrying mask complementary to .the remaining part of the natural head ofhair. </p>
<p> In accordance with the preferred embodiment ofthe present invention, the toupee masks only the uncovered hair area of the scalp andis not flimsyand need not be delicately handled. Once it is securedjto the head. it remains in a-setpositionby reasonof the adhesive strips.:,-In addition since the bald area ;on1y;need be. covered appreciable savingsin' cost take place; </p>
<p> .In the form illustrated in Fig. 14, the membrane T is. along the. lines of Fig. 15. and :is provided' with a multiplicity of perforations for.ventilatingpurposesz- In Figs.- 18 and 19 suction cups are secured within bosses H for; gripping the diaphragm or. mask T to the scalp. :In Fig. 20, the diaphragm is :in accordance with that shown in Fig. 13 but instead of having a fragmentary part of the head of; hair, hasfixedly secured thereto an oldtype of toupee having the usual mesh M carrying hairHH covering-the entire head. For purposes of specification, rib ..l-9;,may..also be considered as a hollow bossxextending. upwardly from-the upper surface .of the. membrane or, diaphragm j T to constitute proiectingi means while the peripheral'lipnifl may be 'said to be: </p>
<p>. biased or inclinedrelative. :to, thebodyof-ihe. </p>
<p>diaphragm or membrame -I' separated from the p o s ee :8 n cut ing; .alongithe lower medial portion or vertex of the *ygshaped groove. </p>
<p>IB indentedin sheets Various changesymay abermade in the steps l ef. themethod jherein disclosedandin the. details. </p>
<p>resilient arjcuate membrane conforming in shape to said area and complementary to said head of hair, hollow boss means projecting from the upper surface of said membrane, hair secured to said membraneand-extending from said upper surface, and strip. means .secured to-the inner upperwall of said boss means and carryinga lower adhesive coating for. removably gripping said bald area. i </p>
<p> .3. A toupee for covering the bald areaonly of a head of hair, comprising; a'relatively.-thinbut resilient arcuate membrane conforming in :shape to said area and complementary tosaidheadof hair, hollow andspaced boss means projecting from theupper surface of said membrane, hair ,secured to said membrane andextendingfrom saidupper surface, and a strip ,secureduwithin the ,inner wall of each of said bossmeanszand carrying a lower adhesive. coating. for. :removablygrippingsaid baldarea 4. A toupee for, covering fthebald area on1y;o' f a. head of hair, comprising; "a relatively; thin: but resilient arcuate membrane conformingimshape' to1 said area and complementary" to. saidaheado'f hair and :having a. peripheral. sloping lip, hollow boss means projecting from the upper. surface of said membrane, hair secured to saidmembrane and. extending from said upper surface, and adhesive; strip meanswwithin said. boss means for removably gripping saidbald'area. 1 5. A toupee for covering the. bald area onlyof ahead of hair,,.co mprising; a relativelythin but resilient arcuate membrane conforming in shape to said area and complementary to said headof; hair, hollow boss means projecting fromtheupper surface of said membrane hollowrib means extending from said surface, hair secured-tosaid membrane and extend-ing from said-upper surface, and adhesive means secured within said boss means and rib means for removably grip-1 p ne sa bald a 6. As anew article of manufacture, amasl; for covering the bald area only of aheadof hair, comprising; a relatively thin but resilient arcuate membrane conforming in shape to said areaand complementary to said head of hair, hollow boss means projectingupwardly from said membrane, adhesiveistrip' means secured within "said jboss means for removably gripping said area. 7. The'herein described method of making a toupeewhich comprises ;--forming a'relative'ly rigid and-thin resilient membrane conforming to the shape and area of the bald zone only of-ahead of hair; interrupted by said bald zone,' s'ecuri-ng ,8. The herein described method of making a toupee which comprises; forming a membrane conforming to the shape and area of said bald zone only of a head of hair interrupted by said bald zone and concomitantly forming spaced hollow bosses projecting upwardly from said membrane and a peripheral lip, securing hair to said membrane to extend from the upper surface thereof, and securing adhesive strip means within said bosses. </p>
<p> 9. The herein described method of making a toupee, which comprises; outlining the bald area interrupting a head of hair, applying adhesive strip means to parts of said area, forming a negative of said head and concomitantly impressing said outline on the insidesurface of said negative and simultaneously interrupting said surface with recess means complementary to said strip means, casting a positiv of said negative and concomitantly impressing said outline thereon and simultaneously forming projecting means within said outline and complementary to said recess-means, interposing a preheated sheet of plastic material between said positive and negative, applying pressure to said positive and negative to impress said outline and to conform said sheet to the external contour of said positive and provide hollow boss means thereon complementary to said projecting means, removing said sheet from said positive and negative, severing from said sheet the outline of said bald area to form an arcuate membrane, applying hair to said membrane to cover the upper surface thereof, and securing adhesive strip means in said hollow boss means. </p>
<p> 10. The herein described method of making a toupee, which comprises; outlining the bald area interrupting a head of hair, applying adhesive strip means to parts of said area, forming a negative of said head and concomitantly impressing said outline on the inside surface of said negative and simultaneously interrupting said surface with recess means complementary to said strip means, casting a positive of said negative and concomitantly impressing said outline thereon and simultaneously forming projecting means within said outline and complementary to said recess means, </p>
<p>indenting said positive to provide a downwardly converging groove, interposing a preheated sheet of plastic material between said positive and negative, applying pressure to said positive and negative to impress said groove in andconform said sheet to the external contour of said positive and provide upwardly extending hollow boss means thereon complementary to said projecting means, removing said sheet from said positive and negative, cutting said sheet along the medial portion of said groove impressed therein to form an arcuate membrane, applying hair to said membrane to cover the upper surface thereof, and securing adhesive strip means in said hollow boss means. r </p>
<p> 11. As a new article of manufacture, a mask adapted to substantially cover the bald area only of a head of hair, comprising a relatively thin but resilient arcuate membrane conforming in shape to said area and having a peripheral margin conforming to the peripheral edges of the hair line bounding said bald area, said mask including recess means, and adhesive means secured to the upper wall of said recess means and having a lower coating for remoyably gripping said area. </p>
<p> 12. The article according to claim 11 further characterized in that portions of said peripheral margin diverge downwardly and outwardly relative to the body of said mask to constitute a beveled face. </p>
<p> 13. The article according to claim 4 wherein longitudinally arranged rib means interrupt said membrane adjacent a portion of said peripheral lip. </p>
<p>SAMUEL PERLIN. </p>
<p>REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3484340-A
|
US-3484340D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
11043614
| 1969-12-16
| 1966-05-06
| 1969-12-16
|
162/159.
|
C08L61/20
|
D06M11/30
|
LEWIN MENACHEM
|
Fire-proofing of cellulosic material with a bonding agent containing bromides
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>United States Patent 3,484,340 FIRE-PROOFING OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WITH A BONDING AGENT CONTAINING BROMIDES Menachem Lewin, Jerusalem, Israel, assignor to State of Israel, Ministry of Trade and Industry Filed May 6, 1966, Ser. No. 548,303 Claims priority, appligatim9 Israel, June 4, 1965, </p>
<p> 3 7 Int. (:1. D21h 3 /66; C09]: 3/28 US. Cl. 162159 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention concerns the production of fireresistant cellulosic and lignocellulosic articles coated with or incorporating a bonding agent. Such articles may, for example, be sized, bleached or unbleached paper or cardboard where the binding agent is the sizing material, laminated structures such as flat or corrugated laminated cardboard, veneers or plywood where the bonding agent is the adhesive used for gluing together the various plies of the structure, which structure in case of cardboard may also be sized, various hardboards and chipboards where the bonding agent is the binder, and the like. Hereinafter all the cellulosic and lignocellulosic articles which are coated with or incorporate a bonding agent will be referred to for short as bonded cellulosic articles. </p>
<p> The bonding agents which are used in the manufacture of the bonded cellulosic articles with which the present invention is concerned are all those conventionally used in the art in the form of aqueous solutions or suspensions and include among others starch in its various forms, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea and melamine formaldehyde resins, mixtures, of two or more of the above resins, mixtures of one or more of the above resins with starch, sodium silicate itself as Well as in admixture with other adhesives, various proteinaceous adhesives, if desired, in combination with other adhesives, and many others. Hereinafter the term bonding agent will be used in an unspecific manner it being understood that it refers to any of the various bonding agents which are applicable in the manufacture of bonded cellulosic articles. </p>
<p> It is known to flameproof wood and other lignocellulosic structures by impregnation with various organic salts such as phosphates, borates, mixtures of borates and boric acid, antimonates, arsenates, sulfates and others. However, none of these yields any satisfactory flameproofing effect if merely incorporated in a bonding agent. </p>
<p> Moreover, when any of the above salts is incorporated in an aqueous bonding agent composition in an amount suflicient to produce any appreciable fire-resistance, the bonding agent coagulates with the result that the bonding capacity of the composition is impaired. </p>
<p> In accordance with the invention it has now surprisingly been found that incorganic bromides and oxybromides are very efficient fire resisting agents and that in distinction from other salts they can be incorporated in aqueous bonding agent compositions in an amount sufficient to produce fire-resistance without causing any deterioration ice of the bonding composition by coagulation of the bonding agent. </p>
<p> Every aqueous bonding agent composition has in fluid state certain optimal values for the viscosity and surface tension and any appreciable deviation from these values by way of increase or decrease, affects unfavourably the quality of the bonding agent composition and consequently also the quality of the bonded cellulosic article bonded therewith. Hereinafter the viscosity and surface ten-sion of a fluid aqueous bonding agent composition will be referred to for short as fluid state characteristics. </p>
<p> In the course of the investigations conducted in accordance with the present invention it has further been found, that the fluid state characteristics of an aqueous bonding agent composition are affected by the incorporation therein of an inorganic bromide or oxybromide. It has, moreover, surprisingly been found that while some bromides and oxybromides have the capacity of raising one or more fluid state characteristics, others have the capacity of lowering them. </p>
<p> Based on these observations the invention provides, in the production of a bonded cellulosic :article (as herein defined) employing an aqueous bonding agent composition, a method of imparting a degree of fire resistance of the finished article by incorporating in the fluid composition at least two substances selected from the group of inorganic bromides and inorganic oxybromides provided that at least one of the substances is a bromide, one of which substances is capable of lowering at least one of the fluid state characteristics of the bonding agent while the other is capable of raising the same characteristic, said substances being added in such a total quantity as to impart to the product a desired degree of fire resistance and in such a relative proportion that said fluid state charactistic assumes a selected and preferred value. </p>
<p> In some cases the selected and preferred value of the reference fluid state characteristic may, for example, be substantially the value it had before the addition of said substances. In other cases the bonding capacity of the bonding agent composition may be improved by selecting a value that differs from the one before the addition of said substances. In any case the imparting of fire resistance in accordance with the invention is accompanied by a control of the viscosity and/or surf-ace tension of the aqueous bonding agent composition and thereby a control of the bonding capacity. </p>
<p> The substances incorporated in accordance with the invention in the bonding agent composition may, for example, be two different bromides or a bromide and an oxybromide. Obviously more than two such substances may be used. </p>
<p> The quantity of the above substances to be incorporated will vary in accordance with their nature, the nature of the cellulose or lignocellulose, the desired degree of fire resistance and other factors. As a rule, the amount of oxybromides and/or bromides to be incorporated in the bonding agent will vary between 0.4 and 12% by Weight of the cellulose or lignocellulose. </p>
<p> Examples of bromide salts that can be used in accordance with the invention are the bromides of sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, lead antimony and iron. Examples of oxybromides are those of calcium and magnesium. This list is by no means exhaustive and other bromides and oxybromides are applicable. If desired, it is possible to incorporate in the bonding agent together with the oxybromides and/ or bromides, as the case may be, a certain proportion of borax, boric acid, or phosphates such as monoand diammonium phosphate, antimony oxide, sulphamates, ammonium sulphate and others. By doing this the required quantity of oxybromide and/or bromide is reduced without affecting the resulting fire resistance of the bonded cellulosic or lignocellulosic articles. </p>
<p> For determining the kind of oxybromides and/or bromides and relative amount to be incorporated into the bonding agent composition it is possible to consider either the viscosity or the surface tension as the reference fluid state characteristic. </p>
<p> As the bromide and/or oxybromide containing bonding agents are used in accordance with the present invention in the form of aqueous compositions, i.e. emulsions, suspensions or solutions, it is of great advantage that most inorganic bromides are highly water-soluble, the solubility varying between 40 and 120% by weight of the water used. Consequently relatively large quantities of bromides can be incorporated in aqueous bonding agent compositions used in the manufacture of bonded cellulosic articles in accordance with the invention. </p>
<p> Against this the oxybromides are only sparingly water soluble and their incorporation in an aqueous bonding agent composition as a rule increases the viscosity of the latter. Therefore, in accordance with the invention oxybromides will be used as a rule in combination with viscosity-lowering bromides. </p>
<p> When an oxybromide is used in accordance with the invention it may serve at the same time as filler. </p>
<p> In manufacture of bonded cellulosic articles in accordance with the invention, the bomide and oxybromide salts can be added to the bonding agent composition or to any of the ingredients from which the bonding agent is made up in the form of concentrated aqueous solutions, dry or substantially dry powders, as dispersions or in any other form that is convenient. The admixture should be elfected in such a way that the oxybromide and/ or bromide compounds are thoroughly mixed within the ingredients that form the bonding agent composition or within the bonding agent composition itself, as the case may be. </p>
<p> Many of the bonding agents used in the manufacture of bonded cellulosic articles are waterproof. The incorporation of oxybromide and bromide compounds in these bonding agents in accordance with the invention results in the production of a product that is both waterproof and fireproof and in which the fireproofing oxybromides and/or bromides are protected from being leached out. These structures are thus particularly stable and of long durability. </p>
<p> The bromides and oxybromides incorporated in the bonding agents in accordance with the present invention are, as a rule, chemically inert and do not react chemically with the cellulosic or lignocellulosic material or with any of the ingredients of the bonding agent composition so that the physical properties of the bonded cellulosic article are not adversely affected by the incorporation of the oxybromides and/or bromides into the bonding agent. </p>
<p> By way of example, it has been found, in accordance with the invention, that ammonium bromide lowers both the surface tension and the viscosity of an aqueous ureaformaldehyde resin composition. Against this it has been found that sodium bromide raises both the surface ten sion and the viscosity of the same composition. These effects are illustrated in the enclosed drawings in which: </p>
<p> FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the variation of the surface tension of an aqueous ureaformaldehyde composition upon the addition of varying amounts of ammonium bromide and sodium bromide; and </p>
<p>FIG. 2 shows the variation of the viscosity of the same composition upon the addition of varying amounts of sodium bromide and ammonium bromide. </p>
<p> Referring first to FIG. 1, the hyphenated horizontal line shows the normal surface tension of an aqueous ureaformaldehyde composition with a solid content of 49% by weight. The variation of the surface tension upon addition of varying amounts of sodium bromide and ammonium bromide is shown by the drawn out line. As seen, </p>
<p>upon the addition of 25% by weight of ammonium bromide the surface tension drops from about 68 dynes/cm. to about 58 dynes/cm. If now the ammonium bromide content is gradually lowered and at the same time sodium bromide is added in such a proportion that the total bromide anion content of the composition remains essentially the same the surface tension rises gradually until at about a content of about 16% by weight of sodium bromide and approximately 12% by weight of ammonium bromide the surface tension reaches the original value. By further lowering the ammonium bromide content and increasing the sodium bromide content the surface tension at first rises somewhat further, reaches a peak which is at approximately 72 dynes/cm. and then approaches asymptotically the normal surface tension line. Thus, where such a composition is to be used for the purposes of the present invention the ammonium bromide content should not exceed approximately 12% by weight and the sodium bromide content should not be less than approximately 16% by weight. </p>
<p> The variations of the viscosity of the aqueous bonding agent composition upon the addition of varying quantities of ammonium bromide and sodium bromide are shown in FIG. 2. Again, the normal viscosity is indicated by the hyphenated line and has a value of approximately 55 cp. The actual viscosity is shown by the drawn-out line and it is seen that there exists one point and one comparatively narrow range around which the viscosity corresponds to the original one. The first of these is at a sodium bromide content of about 6.5% by weight and ammonium bromide content of approximately 20% by weight. The second one corresponds to a sodium bromide content from about 19 to about 22 by weight and an ammonium bromide content from about 6 to about 20% by weight. </p>
<p> When considering FIGS. 1 and 2 in combination it becomes obvious that only the second range of FIG. 2 conicides with the eligible range of FIG. 1 and consequently where an aqueous urea-formaldehyde composition with 49% by weight solid content is to be used as bonding agent for the purpose of the present invention and the couple amonium bromide-sodium bromide serves as fireproofing agent, the range of from 17 to 22% by weight of sodium bromide and 6 to 20% by weight of ammonium bromide will preferably be selected. However, the range of about 6.5% of NaBr at about 22% by weight of NH Br can also be used in cases where the viscosity is overriding. </p>
<p> Most viscosity and surface tension measurements are easily carried out. Therefore, it is a simple matter to establish for each combination of bromides or bromide/ oxybromide to be used as fireproofing agents for a desired'bonding agent composition, the optimum relative proportions between the individual salts in an analogous manner as has been exemplified with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. </p>
<p> By adhering to the principles of the present invention as has been defined hereinbefore, the bonding capacity of the bonding agent is not affected by the incorporation of the bromides'and oxybromides while at the same time an appreciable degree of fire resistance of the finished bonded cellulosic article is obtained. </p>
<p> In case of a laminate structure composed of a large number of plies it may in accordance with the invention be sufiicient to apply the bromide and oxybromide containing bonding agent composition only to the outer plies, for example first and second, in order to obtain a desired degree of flame-proofing of the surface. Likewise, it is possible in accordance with the invention to glue a sheet of paper on the surface of a plywood or any other laminate using as adhesive a bromide or oxybromide containing bonding agent composition while the plywood and laminate itself incorporates an ordinary bonding agent. In this manner the desired flame-proofing of the surface is achieved by using bromide in an amount of the order of only 0.5% of the total weight of the plywood or laminate. </p>
<p> The invention is further illustrated by the following examples without being limited thereto, all parts by weight. </p>
<p>EXAMPLE 1 An adhesive mixture was made up of parts of solid commercial starch and urea-formaldehyde con taining adhesive (relative proportion approximately 1:1), 31.5 parts of ammonium bromide, 9.9 parts of sodium bromide and 70 parts of water. </p>
<p> grams of this composition were evenly brushed on 1 m? sheet of commercial kraft paper Weighing 120 grams. A second similar sheet of kraft paper was placed on the first so that the adhesive line was between the sheets. The resulting laminate was pressed and dried for 3 minutes at C. The analysis of a part of the laminate shows that it contained 6.5% of bromine. A piece of the sample 2.75 inches wide and 8.25 inches long was tested according to the Tappi Method for flammability of treated paper and paperboard T 461 mm.-48. The sample did not inflame. When taken out from the Bunsen flame it did not continue to burn and no perceptible after-glowing was observed. A similar laminate composed of two 1 m? sheets of kraft paper was prepared using the same adhesive to which no bromides were added. When testing the laminate according to the same T 461 m.-48 it inflamed immediately and burned completely. </p>
<p>EXAMPLE 2 kg. of Okum wood chips measuring 0.2-1 mm.- thickness, 5-17 mm.-length and 04-1 mm.-width, and containing 2.5% of moisture were sprayed in a commerical glue sprayer used in the production of chip boards, with 26.2 kg. of a glue composed of 9 kg. of dry commercial urea-formaldehyde adhesive, 6 kg. of ammonium bromide, 2.5 kg. of sodium bromide and 9.4 kg. of water. The sprayed chips were made up into sheets and pressed on a commercial hot press at C. at a pressure of 19 kg./cm. for 7 minutes. The chipboard obtained had a specific gravity of 0.65 g./cm. and a thickness of 23 mm. Samples of 30 x 30 cm. of this board were tested by the fire-testing apparatus and method according to the French Standard Method, based on the Decree of the Minister of Interior, No. 57-1161 of 17.10.1957 and published in the Journal Oflicial de la Rpublique Francaise of Jan. 16, 1958, pp. 611-618. The samples of the bromide containing boards were classified according to the results of the test as non-inflammable. </p>
<p> Similar particle boards were prepared from 100 kg. of the similar chips sprayed with 18.4 kg. of a glue composed of 9 kg. of commercial urea-formaldehyde and 9.4 kg. of water and pressed under the same conditions. Samples of the board tested by the same French Standard Method were classified as easily inflammable. </p>
<p>EXAMPLE 3 Veneers of Okum wood were coated, with a phenolic resin glue containing 17% by Weight of bromide ion. The bromide ion was incorporated in the glue by dissolving in it 8 parts of sodium bromide, 7 parts of ammonium bromide and suspending therein 8.25 parts of a powder of magnesium oxybromide, all parts being grams per 100 mls. of glue. The veneers were 1 mm. thick and 5 plies were superposed. The second, third and fourth plies were coated on both sides while the first and fifth were coated on one side only. The veneers were pressed in a plywood press at C. and 40 lags/cm. pressure, in a manner conventional for the manufacture of plywood. </p>
<p> The plywood panel obtained had a. highly improved resistance to flame spread as compared. to a panel which was produced without addition of bromide and oxybromide to the glue. </p>
<p>What I claim is: </p>
<p> 1. In the production of a bonded cellulosic article employing an aqueous bonding agent composition, the method of imparting a degree of fire ressitance to the finished article by incorporating in the fluid bonding agent composition at least two substances, one of which consists of a metal bromide, and the other of which is selected from the group consisting of metal bromides differing from the metal of said first mentioned metal bromides and metal oxybromides, one of which substances lowers at least one of the viscosity, the surface tension or the viscosity and the surface tension of the fluid bonding agent composition and the other of which substances raises the viscosity, the surface tension or the viscosity and the surface tension of the fluid bonding agent composition, said substances being incorporated in an amount of from 0.4% to 12% by weight of cellulose. </p>
<p> 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the relative proportions between said substances are so selected that the viscosity, the surface tension or the viscosity and the surface tension retain substantially the value the aqueous bonding agent had before the addition of said substances. </p>
<p> 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the relative proportions between said substances are so selected that the viscosity, the surface tension or the viscosity and the surface tension assume a value greater than the value the aqueous bonding agent had before the addition of said substances. </p>
<p> 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein only one of the viscosity and the surface tension is employed to control the relative proportions of said substances. </p>
<p> 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein both the viscosity and the surface tension are employed to control the relative proportions of said substances. </p>
<p>6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the relative proportions between said substances are so selected that the viscosity, the surface tension or the viscosity and the surface tension assume a value less than the value the aqueous bonding agent had before the addition of said substances. </p>
<p> 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the substances is a metal bromide and the other is a metal oxybromide. </p>
<p>References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,912,394 11/1959 Stilbert et a1. 1 117-138 X 3,092,537 6/1963 Brandts 162-159 3,132,045 5/1964 Hill 117138 3,150,919 9/1964 Lewin 162159 X 3,248,257 4/1966 Cadotte et al 162159 X S. LEON BASHORE, Primary Examiner </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3218932-A
|
US-15171661-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
34702579
| 1965-11-23
| 1961-11-13
| 1965-11-23
|
409/6.
|
B23F23/12
|
B23F23/1287
|
RISAKU KONDO
|
Automatic feeding apparatus of the cutter saddle in gear shaper
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Nov. 23, 1965 RlSAKU KONDO 3,218,932 </p>
<p>AUTOMATIC FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE CUTTER SADDLE IN GEAR SHAPER INV EN TOR Risa/Va ffomda BY J ATTORNEY Nov. 23, 1965 RlSAKu oN o 3,218,932 </p>
<p>AUTOMATIC FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE CUTTER SADDLE IN GEAR SHAPER Filed Nov. 13. 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 4 III INVENTOR Ez'Ja/Z'u ffcwdo ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,218,932 AUTOMATIC FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE CUTTER SADDLE IN GEAR SHAPER Risaku Kondo, 142 Z-chome, Kosugi-goten-machi, Kawasaki, Japan Filed Nov. 13, 1961, Ser. No. 151,716 1 Claim. (Cl. 907) The present invention relates to automatic feeding ap paratus of the cutter saddle in a gear shaper in which said saddle is moved by oil hydraulic pressure quickly at the preliminary stroke of the cutter approaching the work and also at the retire stroke withdrawing the cutter from the work when the cutting has been completed. </p>
<p> Intermediate of the preliminary stroke and the retire stroke the cutter saddle is made to do feeding motion during cutting action with positive drive by such mechanism as toothed gear, cam, etc., the interchange between such different modes of transmission being accomplished by limit switches and their individual actuating means. </p>
<p> The principal object of my invention is to obtain a thoroughly automatic apparatus which may be substituted for hand working, upon which the displacement of the cam operating the cutter saddle had been heretofore relied upon, consequently to gain a general advantage produced by the increase of working efiiciency. </p>
<p> Another object of my invention is to obtain an eifective apparatus in which the idle time of the working is substantially saved at the preliminary or approach stroke, in which the saddle brings the cutter to the cutting position; and at the terminal or retire stroke, in which the saddle withdraws the cutter from the work to the retired position for changing to new uncut work. It is not required that the saddle move precisely during such time saving preliminary and terminal strokes and therefore fluid pressure changes may cause such movement; but it is required that precision and stability are secured during the intermediate cutting stroke and this latter requirement is obtained by my positive cutter drive. Therefore, both requirements are within the objects of my invention. </p>
<p> These and more detailed and specific objects will be disclosed in the course of the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which: </p>
<p> FIG. 1 is a side elevational view as viewed from operators position. </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a fragmentary end elevation looking from the right of FIG. 1. </p>
<p> FIG. 3 is a horizontal section view taken on the lines of 33 of FIG. 2. </p>
<p> FIG. 4 is a section elevation view on the lines 44 of FIG. 1. </p>
<p> FIG. 5 is an enlarged detailed elevation view of the clutch as seen in FIG. 4. </p>
<p> FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view showing the arrangement of gears 48, 50 and 51 on shafts 37, C and 53 respectively. The gears shown are immediately to the left of gears 54 and 55 in FIGS. 1 and 3. The upward direction of the sight lines for FIG. 6 is shown by the arrows 6.6 of FIG. 1, and </p>
<p> FIG. 7 a plat diagram illustrating the motions of the cutter saddle and the cam which controls the cut of the cutter. </p>
<p> In the drawings, 11 is a horizontally slidable saddle movable left and right in FIG. 2, and carrying a vertical cutter spindle. The spindle is supported about a vertical-axis hearing held at the right side of the saddle as viewed in FIG. 1. The cutter spindle and bearing are not shown on the drawings. The cutter spindle with the cutter afiixed to its lower end, makes rotation and also vertical reciprocation, and is driven by a special mechanism to make the cutter cut the teeth on the work piece. </p>
<p>Patented Nov. 23, 1965 Since the cutter and driving mechanisms are not in the scope of the present invention, they are neither shown in the drawings nor are they here explained in detail. </p>
<p> 12 is a transmission bar, one end of which is connected to the cutter saddle 11 with a screw joint 12' to make its elfective length adjustable, while the other end provided with a roll 13 is made to touch upon the surface of the cam 14 which controls the movement of the transmission bar 12 and therefore that of the cutter saddle from one side. For the same purpose the rack 12 is provided at the lower side of the transmission bar 12 to be in gear with the segment teeth 16 rotatably supported at the shaft 15, and these segment teeth are actuated to rotate anti-clockwise by a suitable means e.g. by a spring wound around the shaft 15, so that the roll 13 at the end of the transmission bar touches the surface of the cam 14 during the time the cutter is acting upon the work. 17 is a stop pin fixed on a part of the frame by which the segment teeth 16 are made to stand still at the very position when the roll 13 at the end of the transmission bar has moved with the rack 12" apart from the segment teeth 16 leftward to the retire stroke end 13 as seen in dashed lines in FIG. 2 together with the saddle 11 by the action of the oil cylinder 18. Thus the rack 12" of the transmission bar can again enter into gear with the segment teeth 16 when it comes back rightward toward the work in the beginning of the next cutting cycle. 18 is an oil cylinder which moves the cutter saddle rightward or leftward with its piston rod, attached directly to the cutter saddle, at the beginning and last of one cycle of working. 19 and 20 are working bars to actuate limit switches. Bar 19 first brakes the oil cylinder 18, 20 then cuts off the oil pressure to make that cylinder 18 powerless and at the same time starts the oil cylinder 26 (see points 2, 3 on Sdll curve herebelow). This is done when the transmission bar carrying the cutter saddle has been moved rightward and the cutter approaches its cutting position. </p>
<p> Since the cam 14 has duty to control the movement of the cutter saddle as well as the cutter, it must have different shape according to the form and dimension of tooth to be cut as well as the mode of working e.g. two step cutting or three step cutting, so that it must be fixed on the cam holder 22 changeably eg by means of bolts. This cam holder 22, being provided with an anti-friction metal 23 in the side, is made to move up and down, sliding vertically in the space bounded by the frame 24 and a guide plate 25, fixed thereto, actuated by the piston rod 26 of another oil cylinder 26 through the bracket 27 fixed thereto. </p>
<p> Moreover at the upper part of this cam holder 22, there is provided a cam 28 and there is also provided a rack 29. The cam 28 is to move the shifter of the clutch which is hereinafter explained, while the rack 29, being put in gear with a toothed wheel 30 fixed on the shaft 37, drives said toothed wheel 30 when the cutter saddle is moved by the oil pressure in 18. At another time the rack 29 is driven by the toothed wheel 30 when the cutter saddle is moved with positive drive such as by toothed gearing 16, 12. </p>
<p> When the cam holder 22 is raised upward by the oil cylinder 26, the push rod 31 connecting at the lower end of the lever 32 moves leftward, moving the upper end of the lever 32 rightward through its fulcrum. By that motion of the lever 32, the acting rod 33 moves rightward actuating a limit switch to brake the oil cylinder 26. Thus the oil cylinder 26 is prepared to become powerless by being cut olf from the oil pressure. </p>
<p> Spaced from inclined lever 32, there is provided an inclined shifter lever 34, the latter (34) pivoted at the horizontal fulcrum pin 34' on the frame (see FIG. 1). </p>
<p>The upper end of 34 is loosely connected within a forked end of horizontal lever 34", which latter lever (34") is pivoted by a vertical pivot at an intermediate point to the frame. The upper end of the lever 32 is likewise loosely connected within another forked end of lever 34"; so that when the top of lever 32 inclines rightward, then the top of the other shifter lever 34" inclines leftward pulling the cap 34' to the right (in FIG. 1) by the two lower ends of the shifter lever 34. </p>
<p> Now since the cap has a conical inner surface, it presses the ends 35 and 35 of the pawls 35 and 35' at the opposite side of the fulcrums 35 and 35 keeping the pawls from the ratchet teeth 36, disengages the clutch against the force of the springs 35;, and 35 so that if the cap 34 is moved rightward by the shifter lever 34, the pawl ends become free and the pawls will soon engage with the ratchet teeth by the aid of the springs 35 and 35 thus engaging the clutch in action. </p>
<p> After the clutch has been engaged as above, the cam 14 and its holder 22 are moved further upward, consequently the rack 29 rotates the shaft 37 through the toothed wheel 30. Then there are provided the associated earns 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 arranged as a multiple sectioned drum 38 at the other end of the shaft 37 and these cams face the acting rods respectively to actuate the following limit switches: </p>
<p>1the limit switch for changing rough cut to finish cut, </p>
<p>2the limit switch for relieving oil pressure within the oil cylinder 26, </p>
<p>3the limit switch for starting main electric motor, and </p>
<p>accompanying action, </p>
<p>4the limit switch for setting the upper limit of the motion of the cam 14, and accompanying action, </p>
<p>the limit switch for settling the lower limit of the motion of the cam 14, and accompanying action. </p>
<p> Thus there are five kinds of limit switches. The second switch is first actuated by cam 40 and acting rod 2. An impulse from the second switch opens an exhaust valve, which permits relief of pressure within oil cylinder 26, allowing the saddle 11 to return to its original position. Then the third switch is actuated by cam 41 and acting rod 3 to start the main electric motor (not illustrated). </p>
<p> If the main electric motor starts, its motion is transmitted from the shaft 44, through the toothed wheel 45 fixed thereto, to the toothed wheel 46 which is fixed on the sleeve fitted idly on the shaft 37, and further transmitted to rotate the toothed wheels 47 and 48, fixed on the same sleeve, to the opposite direction with the shaft 44. Then the former toothed wheel 47 rotates the toothed wheel 49 at the left-hand side of the differential gear mechanism, while the latter toothed wheel 48, through the toothed wheel 50 supported on the counter shaft C, rotates the toothed wheel 51 at the right-hand side of the same differential gear mechanism at the opposite direction compared to the direction of rotation of the toothed wheel 49. Thus the pinion shaft 52 at the middle of the same differential gear mechanism is rotated at a considerably reduced speed compared to that of the shaft 44. </p>
<p> The rotating motion thus reduced is transmitted, through the shaft 53 upon which the pinion shafts are fixed, the toothed wheel 54 fixed on the same shaft, the toothed wheel 55 fitted idly on the shaft 37 and pawls 35, 35', to the ratchet teeth 36 and therefore the shaft 37 carrying the same ratchet teeth. Thus the shaft 37, through the toothed wheel 30 and the rack 29, drives the cam 14 in the reverse direction. </p>
<p> The clutch here used is purposely of ratchet type because it is needed to engage in one direction only; that is to say, the shaft 37 must rotate freely when it is rotated by the oil pressure through the rack 29 and the toothed wheel 30 and moreover the clutch must engage when the main electric motor starts and the cam 14 is driven in the reverse direction through the clutch and the gearing stated above. The differential gearing is utilized for getting a large degree of speed reduction in a comparatively narrow space. </p>
<p> When the main electric motor starts as already described, the mechanism which transmits a special combined motion of rotation and reciprocation to the cutter spindle, also starts. And according to the upward motion of the cam 14, the cutting of teeth upon the work will proceed with at first one turn of rough cut, and then a finish out following. Such change of cut is made by the action of a change gear (not illustrated), for changing the position of the cutter saddle through the cam 14 by the limit switch No. 1 actuated by the cam 39. </p>
<p> When the cam 14 reaches its up stroke end, the cutting of the teeth must be entirely finished. The limit switch No. 4 will control such point of up stroke, being actuated by the cam 42. At the same time, the main electric motor is stopped by cutting olf the electric current and the oil cylinder 26 is actuated by the same limit switch to move the cam 14 down. </p>
<p> When the cam 14 reaches its lowest position, which position has been controlled by the limit switch No. 5 actuated by the cam 43, the same limit switch 5 cuts off the oil pressure to the oil cylinder 26 and starts another oil cylinder 18 for making the cutter saddle 11 retire to its leftward stroke end to complete one cycle of gear cutting. At that position the Work is removed and next work is put on the work spindle for starting a new cutting again. </p>
<p> The manners of the motion of the saddle 11 and the cam 14 are plotted in FIG. 6, in which the time T and the distance of movement L are shown on abscissa and ordinate respectively. In the diagram, Sdll means the saddle 11, while 01114 the cam 14. And 0 means the term of oil pressure drive while P that of positive drive. </p>
<p> Annexed is the simple explanation of the points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 on the curve Sdll as well as the points a, b, c, d, e on the curve Cm14. </p>
<p>1The position of the saddle at its most remote place from the work, </p>
<p>2The position of the saddle when a limit switch actuated by the acting rod 19 brakes the oil cylinder 18, </p>
<p>3The position of the saddle when a limit switch actuated by the acting rod 20 cuts off the oil pressure to the oil cylinder 18, </p>
<p>4The position of the saddle when the cam 14 begins to move the saddle toward the work for rough cutting, just before, the oil drive is changed to positive drive, </p>
<p>5Rough cut begins, </p>
<p>6Rough cut is changed to finish cut, </p>
<p>7After the cutting has been finished, the retirement of the saddle by the oil cylinder 18 begins, </p>
<p>8-The saddle retired at its initial starting position. </p>
<p>a The down stroke end from which the cam 14 is pushed up by the oil cylinder 26, </p>
<p>b The oil cylinder 26 is braked by the limit switch actuated by the acting rod 33, soon after, its oil pressure is cut off and positive drive begins by the actuation of the limit switch actuated by cam 41, </p>
<p>c Rough cut is changed to finish cut, </p>
<p>d At the up stroke end, the cutting completes, and the cutter stops, at the same time the cam 14 is moved down by the oil cylinder 26, </p>
<p>e The oil cylinder 26 sops and the cam 14 returns at the initial position. </p>
<p> As may be seen in the diagram, the cam 14 and the cutter saddle 11 are driven at high speed by high oil pressures when the saddle approaches to or is withdrawn from the work, so that the idle time is greatly reduced. But on the other hand when the real cutting is practiced, they are moved by a positive driving at a low speed and fixed precision, so that a precise cut can be ensured. </p>
<p>Also since all cutting steps are controlled completely and automatically, the efliciency will be enormously increased. </p>
<p> It is understood that suitable modifications may be made in the structure as disclosed, provided such modifications come within the spirt and scope of the appended claims. Having now therefore fully illustrated and described my invention, what I claim to be new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is: </p>
<p> In an automatic electrically driven gear shaper wherein a cutter is powered for cutting action and a cutter saddle is moved horizontally and radially toward and from the vertically fixed axis of a worktable mounted in a fixed frame and carrying a workpiece, hydraulic system means for driving said saddle at high speeds during both its preliminary strokes wherein it approaches the work cutting position, and during its final strokes wherein it retires after cutting is completed, said hydraulic system means including a horizontal axis hydraulic cylinder fixed to the frame, and carrying therewithin a piston and a cylinder rod with an outer end of the latter fixed directly to a portion of said cutter saddle, whereby said cylinder rod and cutter saddle move unitarily and simultaneously with respect to said frame, and slower speed positive acting mechanical drive means for the saddle including a vertically movable side face cam mounted on the frame, and a horizontal motion transmission bar between and contacting the cam and saddle, said mechanical drive means operable upon the cutter saddle with a slower feeding motion during the intermediate stroke between the preliminary and the final strokes when said hydraulic means have been inactivated, the interchange in drive means from hydraulic to mechanical and vice versa being accomplished by means including a unitary multiple sectioned rotating drum cam with stationary horizontal axis, and located in an exposed accessible position at one end of the gear shaper, which sequentially operates a plurality of acting rods, each rod controlling a limit switch, the sequence of action of the limit switches aiding in the programming of the control of the electric drive, the powering of the cutter, and the rotating of the workpiece, the requisite pressures in the hydraulic system and the operative relationships of the positive acting mechanical drive means. </p>
<p>References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,198,882 4/1940 Monroe -10 2,374,901 5/1945 Sneed 90-1O 2,749,805 6/1956 Kendall 90-7 2,975,681 3/1961 Wildhaber 90-10 3,021,765 2/1962 Cobb 907 ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner. </p>
<p>LEON PEAR, Examiner. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2339225-A
|
US-36847140-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23451347
| 1944-01-11
| 1940-12-04
| 1944-01-11
|
172/298.
|
A01B5/12
|
A01B5/12
|
STRANDLUND CARL G
|
Plow
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> 1944- c. G. STRANDLUND 2,339,225 </p>
<p> PLOW Filed D60. 4, 1940 I I 5 Sheets-Sheet l 33|3| I .CARLG? R N D Jan. 11, 1944. </p>
<p>, FIG. 2 </p>
<p>c; a. STRANDLUND PLOW Filed Dec. 4, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 22 INVENTOR: CARL G. STRA I ATTORNEYS. </p>
<p> 1944- c. G. STRANDLUND 2,339,225 </p>
<p>PLOW </p>
<p>Filed Dec. 4, 1940 v r 5 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR: </p>
<p>. ARL e. STRANDLUNDY 4 1}; .AT ORNEYS. </p>
<p>c. G. STRANDLUND 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 mum M l lllllll -Yl: I'll!!! Jan. 11,1944. </p>
<p> mmm i-| ||\ll m m 5% 2% (I' ,6 llllllllllllllllllll 4 Em Wm QM. </p>
<p>Patented Jan. 11, </p>
<p>PLOW </p>
<p>Carl 6. Strandlund, Moline, 111.; as slgnor to Dam & Company; Moline, 111., a corporation of Illinois A plication December 4, 1940, Serial No. 363,4 4101511115. (01,9747): r 4 h I This invention relates generally to agricultural implements and more particularly to tractormounted plows, in which the tractor itself serves as the supporting frame of the plow. </p>
<p>- The object and general nature of this invention is the provision of an integral mounted plow having two furrow openers and especially adapted for use in small fields, close to fences and the like, </p>
<p> and at other places where easy maneuverability and short turns are required. </p>
<p> Another feature of this invention is the provision of a mounted plow in which the front furrow opener is disposed in front'of the rear wheels of the tractor and the rear furrow opener is disposed rearwardly of the rear wheels. In this connection it is also a feature of this invention to so mount the plow bodies and the tool-beam to which they are connected so that all side thrust is taken by the tractor itself. Also, it is a feature of this invention to mount the furrow openers so that the thrust reaction is imposed, longitudinally'of the tractor, substantially at the rear axle. By virtue ofthis relation, the side thrust is imposed on the tractor at a point where the vertical wheel loading is substantially the greatest and alsoat a point where steering will not be'afiected. However, in this connection, it isa further feature of the present invention to mount the plow on the tractor and connect the same thereto so that'the front wheel loading will be increased, thereby inwhether a diskor a'moldboard plow bottom, or </p>
<p>any other type of furrow opener, is connected with the tractor substantially midway between the front and rear wheels thereof and to permit the rear end of the tool-beam, together with the associated rear furrow opener, to swing generally relative to the tractor. Also, it is a feature of .this invention to provide a disk plow in which the draft connections are arranged so that there is an excessdownward pressure'at the front disk, over andabove that required for penetration; such excess being loaded onto the front end of the tractor, </p>
<p>thereby aiding steering. Further, it is a feature: </p>
<p> of, this invention to provide a floating balloonnected at its forward ends with the tractor at points below thepointiwhere the intermediate portion of the bail isconnected with the tool beam, whereby there is a downward component of force on the tool beam by virtue of the down- Y ward inclination ofthe line of pull. </p>
<p>I Still further, another feature of this invention is theprovision of improved lifting connections creasing the steering effectiveness of the tractor. </p>
<p>one mounted in front of the rear tractor wheels and the other mounted rearwardly thereof. It </p>
<p>is also a feature of this invention to provide draft connections between the tractor and the tool beam supporting the two disks so that there is a component of the draft pull tending to force the disks into the ground and to maintain them in their working position. It is a further feature of this invention to provide draft connections by which the draft pull is applied to the tool beam between the front and-rear disks,and to limit the penetration of the rear disk by the use of a gauge wheel and to limit the penetrationof the front disk by suitable connections with .the tractor, whereby the tractor wheels serve as gauging means for the front disk. In this connection it is a still further feature to provide a plow of this type with moldboard openers, in which suitable tlon'is the provision of means for shifting the tool beam laterally relative to the tractor'so as to ,for an integrally mounted two-bottom plow in which the rear furrow opener is raised out, of the ground substantially at the samepoint thereon at which the front furrow opener was lifted. </p>
<p> Another important featureof thepresent invention is the provision of an integral plow with a sturdy guide wheel disposed laterally so asito run in the last previously opened furrow, with connections so that the guide wheel may, when necessary, be arranged to take some of the downward pressure at the, front furrow opener and. </p>
<p>moreover, serve actually. to hold. the tractor against tipping. Another featurejof this =:invencompensate for creeping of the tractor on a'hillside-or in other words, a lateral adjustment is provided to parallel the tool beam with the line of travel. In this connection, it is still another feature of the invention to provide means for adjusting the angle of each disk individually and to automatically retain the proper position of the disk scraper relative to the disk in any adjust d p sition thereof. </p>
<p> These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art afte'ra consideration of the-following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrating the preferred form of the invention. </p>
<p> In the drawings; 7 Figure 1 is aplan view of a disk plow in which board bottoms are used; </p>
<p>' front wheels The latter is of conventional construction and is the principles of the present invention have been incorporated; </p>
<p>Figure 2 is a side view .of the plow shown in Figure 1; r </p>
<p>Figure 3 is a perspective view of the front end 7 of the plow beam, showing in particular the connections between the front end of the plow beam and the tractor, also the front guide wheel; </p>
<p> Figurei is a perspective view showing the rear end construction of the plow; </p>
<p> Figure 4A is a perspective view showing one form of attachment for the furrow openers; </p>
<p> Figure 5 is a plan view of a modified form of the present invention, using moldboard furrow openers instead of disks as shown in Figures 1 and 2; a </p>
<p> Figure 6 is a side view of the implement shown in Figure 5; </p>
<p> Figure '7 is a generally along fragmentary sectional view, taken the line 1-1 of Figure 5, showing the means for leveling the tool beam when mold- Figure 8 is a plan view disk plow embodying the principles of the present invention; </p>
<p> Figure 9 is a side view of the implement shown in Figure 8; </p>
<p> Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line Iii-40 ofFigure 9;- </p>
<p> Figure 10A is a view similar to Figure 10, showing therelative movement permitted between the guide wheel support and the guide wheel support bracket; and </p>
<p> Figure 11 is a view taken along the line ii-II of Figure 8. I </p>
<p> Referring now more particulariyto Figures 1 and'2, thetractor is indicated in its entirety the reference numeral 1 and, in order to-show the construction'of the plow beam and associated parts, is shown in dotted lines in Figure l. The tractor i is ofthe well-known tricycle type having 2 and rear wheels '3 and 4 secured, respectively, to axle shafts 5 and! mounted for rotation in extensions axle, indicatedbythe reference numeral 9. The tractor l also'includes a source of power In mounted" on' or *forming a part of the tractor frame H, thelatter including spaced apart side frame bars I! (Figure 3); </p>
<p>The implement proper is indicated by the refof a modified form of ceived in a disk spindle bearing assembly 32, </p>
<p>which includes upper and lower plates 33 and 34 which are apertured to receive and are welded to a. tubular bearing member 35, the upper end of which is welded to a disk spindle adjusting arm 36. The plates 33 and 34 are spaced apart the vertical dimension of the rear end of the main bar l6 and are apertured, as is the rear end of the bar It, to receive a pair of attaching bolts 31. The disk standard 3| is received Within the tubular bearing portion 35 of the spindle assembly 32 and has its upper end projecting therefrom. This end is provided with a short taper square 31a upon which they square socket end 38 of a disk angling arm 39 is fixed, as by a nut 40. The arm 33 extends beyond the arm 36 to receive scraper supporting means which will be described below. The arm 36 is provided with a plurality of holes to receive a bolt 44. The latter may beinserted in any one of the several holes 42 in the arm 38 I and 8 of the tractor rear. 7 </p>
<p>'erence numeral l5 and includes a-tool'beafn or v main bar 1 8 having a generally longitudinally exil and a rearwardly and iat- V 'eraily outwardly extendingrear end i8. the in.-1 </p>
<p> the bar]! being bent sub--. in Figure 1."- As best shown p in Figure 2, the front end i1 is connected-to the .j J scraper. 59 moves with the disk and no main body of the bar tending front end termediate portion of stantially as shown Figure l, the tool bar wellbeyond the central while the rear end extends rearwardly of the rear wheels 3 and 4. According to the present inven-' tion two furrow openers are fixed to' the bar it, the front opener being 7 and laterally outwardly directed section 2| of the bar it while the rear furrow opener is fixed to the laterally and rearwardly directed section 18, the sections l8 and 2| extending substantially in parallelism. Preferably, the furrow openers are in the form of disks, but they may be moldboard bottoms or any other suitable ground working tools if desired. </p>
<p>Therear furrow. opener consists of a disk 25. </p>
<p> l 8' by a downwardly and.. rearwardly inclined section 20'. As best shown in It extends between the rear" wheelsi and 4 and the frontend of the bar lies portion of the tractor 3, </p>
<p>secured to a rearwardly and so hold the disk 25 at the desired angle. If it should benecessary to change this angle, all that it is necessary to do is to remove the bolt 44 and insert it in one of the other holes 42 in the adjusting arm 36, whereby the angling'arm 39 is fixed in its new position. </p>
<p>The front furrow opener is also a disk, indicated by the reference numeral 45, and the same is mounted onto the front section 2! of the tool beam or bar I6 by a spindle. assembly and associated parts of the same construction as just described. Therefore, identical parts have been indicatedbythe same reference numerals. </p>
<p>. Each of the disks 25 and 45 is provided with -a I scraper assembly 50, Each includes a'blade 5| secured to a generally vertically disposed standard 52. The lower end of the latter is flattened and issecured, as by bolts 53, totheblade 5i. 'Each'standard or shank 52 is received within a pair of generally semi-spherical pivots 55 which are flrmly held between a clamp arm 58 and a clamp cap 51, the latter being bolted to the arm 56,-as shown at 58. The clamparm 56 is secured .j by bolts 59 to the outer end of the disk angling arm 39 associated therewith. Hence, whenever thebolt .44 is removed and the disk given a new 'angle byshiftingthevarm 33 relative to the arm new adjustment of the latter is necessary. However, bylvirtue'of the ball and socketmounting of the scraper standard 32 on the clamp arm II, thescrape'r'blade 51 may be secured in any necessary position, relative to thedisk itself. </p>
<p>: The plow beam i6 is connected with the tractor at both its forward and rear ends. At its front -ca.1 movement betweenthe legs El and 62 of 8- end the tool bar or beam "is mounted for vertiframe bar guide, indicated in its entiretyby the reference numeral 63. The latter comprises a strap member formed with the legs 6i and 32 and with laterally outturned ends 64 and 85, which are apertured and receive a closure strap 86, the latter being secured to the ends 64 and 65 by bolts 61 and 68. A bracket section II is welded, as at 12,.to the upper portion of the guide 63 and is bolted, as at 69 and 10, to the frame angle frame angle opposite the angle I2. </p>
<p>I2 of the tractor. -"I'he bracket II is extended ed. The lever I3 forms a part of depth adjusting mechanism indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 80. A shortsleevejJS is pivoted, as at I5, to the depth adjusting lever 13 and receives the upper end of a depth adjusting rod 11. The upper end of the latter is threaded and carries an adjusting nut I8 limiting the'downward movementof the rod 11 in the'pivot sleeve I5. The lower end of the depth adjusting-rod TI is provided with an eye which is connected by a pin 19 to two plates 8| and 82 which are bolted, as at 83. to opposite sides of the tool beam I 6, as best shown in Figure 3. The plates 8| and 82 form a part of the guide wheel structure, indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 84, which will be described below. </p>
<p>The depth adjusting lever I3, swinging about the pivot 14, moves/along a sector or ratchet member 85, one end of which is bolted. as at 86. to the tractor and the other end of which is bolted, as at 81, to a pair of braces 88 and 89, the latter being bolted to the tractor at any I ,bearing assembly 32 to the tool bar I6. A sector I rearwardly, as.at Ho, and receives the pivot bolt I3I is welded to the'plate I 29 and is notched for I4 on which a depth adjusting lever 13 is mount-,-' </p>
<p>suitable point while the link 88 is connected with cooperation with detentrmechanism I32 which is carried by a gauge wheel adjusting lever I33. The latter is provided with an enlarged lower end which is pivoted on the gauge :wheel crank axle I21 and above the lower end is apertured to receive a bolt I34 which is adapted to be in-'. </p>
<p> way, swinging the front depth adjusting lever "I3 in one direction or the other raises or lowers the front end of the tool beam, and hence the front furrow opener, relative to the tractor, the wheels of which may be considered as serving as gauge wheels for the front furrow opener: </p>
<p> The tractor is connected with the tool beam I5 by draft and stabilizing connections indicated generally'by the reference numeral I 40; Such connections include, first, a bail pivoted to" the tractor for swinging movement, and second, </p>
<p>' laterally shiftable means connecting the. tool an adjusting bolt 84,is' fixed, the lower end of V brace 98, one end of which is secured to the guide 53 by the bolt 68 and the other end of which is secured by a bolt 99 to the tractor The spring 95 serves to counterbalance the weight 'of the parts connected through the depth adjusting rod 11 to the lever I3. </p>
<p> A guidewheel H0 is bolted, as at III, to a wheel bearing member II2 which is journaled on the lower outturned end II 3 of a guide wheel crank axle N5, the upper laterally inwardly directed portion of which is received for rocking movement in a sleeve IIG which is'pas'sed through openings in and weldedfto the plates M and 82 that'are bolted twthexfrorit'end of the tool bar IS. The sleeve 8 extends laterally o'utwardly a substantial distance and at its outer end has welded thereto a sector III adthe sector Hi. .When unlatched'the lever II8 may be swing in one direction-or the other to raise or lower the guide wheel IIII. Thecrank axle II 5 is held in place in'the sleeve H8 by a quick detachable pin or the like. </p>
<p>A gauge wheel I25 is mounted at the rear of v the tractor alongside the rear furrow opener. Thd'rear gauge wheel is fixed toa bearing member I25,'which may be identical with the bearingmember IIZ/fer'the front guide wheel III), and the beefing member I26 is mounted on the laterally outer end of a gauge'wheel crank axle I21, the inner end of which is received in a. sleeve I28 that is welded or otherwise fixed to a plate I29 that is bolted to the rear end I8 of the tool bar I5 by the same bolts 31 that secure the rear plates 33 and '34 "of the rear spindle beam I6 to the bail.. Asa result of this-construction', the rear end of the plow may-rise .and fall, by virtue of'the swinging bail connection, yet receive full forward draft from the tractor -at allytimes. v V </p>
<p>The bail member is *indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral HI and comprisesa frame ball I42 having a forwardly extending leg I43, which normally extends. forwardly and downwardlm as best shown in Figure 2, anda socket andsecured to the frame bail'I42 by a nut I 46. The bracket I45 is secured' to thebail 7 be described below. The forward ends of the two arm sections'I4-3 and I44 of the bail I are plvotally connected; as by quick detachable'pins I5I, to the lower ends of a pair of bail hangers I52, each consisting of a hanger plate I53 and a pair of vertically disposed spaced apart straps I54 depending therefrom and welded theretoor otherw se secured'at their upper ends to the associated'hanger plate I53. A pin -I55 and a bushing I56 is used to maintain the lower ends of each pair of hanger straps I54 in the desired consists of a sleeve or pipe member I6l to which is welded or otherwise fixed a pair of hanger plates I62 and I68, spaced apart and depending from the sleeve I6I.-v The plates I62 and I63 are adapted to receive the rear end H of the tool bar I6,'andto this end are apertured to receive bolts I64 and I85 which pass,'respectively, across the lower and upper sides of the bar I6, as best shown in Figure 2. The central bail section I42 is rockably received within and serves to support the sleeve 'I6I. A small bracket I66 is, welded to the laterally inner hanger plate I62 and is apertured. </p>
<p>of which extends downwardly and is received in an opening in a horizontally swlngable bell crank Ill. The latter is pivotally mounted in a barrel section I16 that is formed on the bracket I45, the </p>
<p>bell crank I13 having a pin' IISwelded theretoand extending through the barrel section I15. A cotter pin or the like is passed through a hole in the lower -end of the pin I16 to retain the bell crank I18 in position. A link I'II has a downtumed end I18 inserted into an opening inone arm of the bell crank .I'I3and is extended forwardly andat its forward end is provided with a laterally inturned portion which is extended through a clip I19 fixed to a landinglever' I88. The latter is pivoted on a bolt I8I that is carried at the lower portion of the sector I48, which is fixed to the bail arm I by the bolts I", as described above. The lever I80 carries detent mechanism I82 which cooperates with the sector 8, to hold the lever in any position of adjustment. The ball hangers I52 are reenforoed by a hanger brace I85 which is bolted at its rear end, as'at I56, to the associated hanger bracket and at its forward end is connected, as bya bolt I81, to an angle bracket I88 bolted to the forward sides of the associated rear axle housing. </p>
<p> Suitable. lifting mechanism is provided whereby l the front disk is raised before the rear disk, the </p>
<p>arrangement being such that in normal plowing gear, the rear disk is not raiseduntil it reaches the point at which thefront disk was raised. The tractor.I is provided with a power lift unit by actuating the tractor power lift I80 to swing threaded and screwed into a sleeve III, a lug I12 A indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral I98 and including a rock shaft I9I to which'an arm I92 is fixed. The outer end of the arm I92 5 isconnected by a link I83'to a lifting bell crank Ill. The latter is pivoted, as at I95, to the upper end of the right-hand angle bracket I88, and to I this end the latter is provided witha bell crank bearing sleeve I96 (Figure l). The forward end v of the bell crank I94 is apertured to receive a pin I98 which is inserted in. any pair of a plurality of pairs of holes formed in a lifting chain clevis I89. A lifting chain 2III is connected at its upper end to the clevis I99 and at its lower end is connected by a clevis 202 to, a tool beam bracket 203, the latter consisting of upper and lower strap. members 204 and 205 connected together by bolts disposed on opposite sidesof the tool bar I6, forwardly of the center of gravityof I the tool beam and the furrow openers and associated parts. The tractor power lift unit I88 includes a pedal 286 or some other part by which the operation of the power lift unit In may be controlled. When the arm I92 swings rearwardis. the bell crank I64 exerts apull through the the arm I92 forwardly, the parts moving into the positions shown in Figure 2. Fromthis figure it will beseen that as the tractor is driven forwardly the pull which is transmitted from the tractor to the implement through thebail MI is exerted in the downward direction, so that there is a downward component of the. draft exerted the gauge wheel I25. In effect, therefore, the 'dow nward component of the draft pull acts to swing the tool beam I8 in a clockwise direction about the rear gauge wheel I25, thereby securing penetration of the front disk. In addition, the forward component of the draft pull, as exerted through the bail Ill, also insures that the front disk will penetrate, since the center of soil pressure against it is below the horizontal component of the forward pull. The penetration of the front diskis, however, limited by the connections between the front end of the tool bar I6 and the lifting lever, I3, which is adjustably fixed in position on the tractor, auxiliary adjustment being available by the nut 18. In effect, therefore, the </p>
<p>tractor itself serves as a gauge wheel for the front disk, inasmuch as the penetration of the front disk is controlled by the position of the depth adjusting lever 13 on the tractor. Normally, the front end of the beam I8 is about in the central part of the slotted bracket 68, midway between the lower strap 66 and the upper bumper 2Ill.-- </p>
<p>As one result of this arrangement some of the downward component'of the draft pull, which maintains operating depth at the front tool, is imposed through the link 11 and the lever I3 onv the tractor forward .of the drive wheels, and hence the loading on the front steering wheels 2 is increased. Not'only does this tend to prevent the tra'ctor'from rising at the front end but, in addition, it enables the operator to steer the tractor at all times,inasmuch as the front wheels 2 bear firmly on the ground. If desired, the guide wheel III), which runs in the last previously opened furrow, may be so adjusted, as shown in Figure 2, that it does not engage the bottom of the furrow but operates principally against the side wall of the furrow and is effective to keep the tractor from drifting landward away from the furrow. In this case, therefore, all of the guide wheel IIII may be lowered until it runs on the bottom of the furrow and'relieves the tractor of some of the downward pressure. Thus, the operator is enabled to adjust the implement for the conditions encountered. In soft ground, therefore, where the residual downward pressure on the tractor may be considerable, the guide wheel H may be utilized to-sustain a part, if notguide wheel I I0 maybe raised into a position out of contact with the bottom of the furrow, so that there is some additional loading, other than the static weight of the tractor, imposed on the front wheels. The front end I1 of the tool beam I6 is free to move upwardly in the guide 63. Hence, if the front disk 45 encounters anobstruction, it can roll over the same due to the upward movement permitted. </p>
<p> Since the front and rear tools 25 and 45 are disks, there is side thrustwhich must be taken care of. It will be seen from Figure 2 that the front and rear disks are arranged approximately equal distances in front of and in rear of the tractor rear axle. imposed on the tractor substantiallyin line with the rear axle. This is where most of the weight of the tractor is borne, and hence this is the part of the tractor best adapted to sustain this side thrust. Moreover, being imposed substantially at a point in the transverse vertical plane of the rear axle, the steering of they tractor is unaffected by the-presence of such side thrust. Moreover, </p>
<p>if conditions should be such that the effective point of side thrust may vary fore andaft of the rear axle, the additional loading on the front wheels, mentioned above, enables the farmer to maintain an accurate steering'at all times. </p>
<p> When operating on a hillside where the furrow is usually turned down hill, the guidewheel H0 serves a dual function, and is an important feature of this implement. As best shown in Figure 1, the guide wheel H0 is disposed laterally outwardly a considerable distance from the line I which extends from the front wheels? to the right-hand rear wheel 3, this being the line about ing the tractor uphill, which means that the longitudinal axis of the tractor is disposed at'an angle to the actual line of travel. necessary to maintain the longitudinal axis of the plow in the same direction as the line of travel in order to secure a uniform width of out. Therefore, according to the present irivehtionQI have I provided means for shifting'the rear end of the tool beam laterally relative tothe tractor in or-- der to line up the plow with the line of travel. </p>
<p>As will be clear from-Figure 1, swinging the landing lever I30 in one direction or the other will act through the bell crank H3 and link I68" to shift. </p>
<p>the bracket I60 along the bail HI, thereby shiftmg the rear end of the tool beam and enabling Therefore, the side thrust is the farmerto Y keep the same aligned with the: </p>
<p>line of travel., This arrangement also permits the farmer to vary the width of cut, as desired, either when operating on a hillside or operating on a level. Further, the dislm may be individual- 1y adjusted by removing the'bolt 44 and inserting it in one of the other holes formed 'in'the arm 36; With the individual disk adjustment and the aligning adjustment just described, the implement of the present invention isa flexible outfit and may be adjusted to accommodateany condition that may be encountered. </p>
<p>Referring again to Figure 2 it will be seenthat, </p>
<p>in effect, the tool beam l6 is'pivoted at its front end for generally vertical swinging movement operate above the bottom of the furrow, then the vertically relative to the tractor. </p>
<p>which the tractor might tend to tilt, clue to the slope of the hill and the downward pun of the furrow openers on the tractor, which are accumulative so far as the front furrow opener is concerned, since this is disposed to the right of the line 1. When operating under conditions of this kind it is usually desirable to adjust the guide wheel H0 so thatit runs along the bottom of the previously opened furrow, and thus takes a considerable part of the downward pressure at the front disk. However, if the slope of the hill should be steep enough that the tractor itself tends to tip laterally, the gauge Wheel H0 and associated parts, which are of adequate strength to sustain the weight of the tractor, prevent the latter from tipping over. As will be clear from Figure 3, if the tractor should start to tip, the </p>
<p>bumper 20! moves downwardly into engagement with the front end of the tool beam l6, after about a generally transverse axis. That is, if the guide wheel H0 operates along the bottom of the furrow, the axis just mehtioned is defined bythe guide wheel itself. If the latter is adjusted to axis is defined by the connections between the front end of the beam l6 and the tractor which permits such vertical movement. During such pivotal movement the bail HI swings generally This arrangement, in effect, provides a plow which can float relative to the tractor and has the importantad-J I vantage that uniform plowing depth is ,maintained even though the tractor passes over ridges or across gullies, depressions and the like. Since v the front tool is gauged from the tractor and is disposed substantiallymidway between the front. I and rear wheels of the tractor, as the latter crosses a depression the plowing depth at the front tool is substantially unaffected, except as the point between the tractor wheels is slightly lower I than the points where the tractor wheels engage the ground. This diiferenceis, however, immaterial. The rear tool 'is permittedto'swing upwardly by virtue of thepivoted bail connection, whereby the plowing depth at the rear tool-as de-- termined by the rear gauge wheel I25 is maintained even though the plow as a whole is disposed at a considerable angle in a vertical direction relative to the-tractor. As will be obvious, the plow accommodates the opposite condition, namely, passing over a ridge, in substantially the i same way, except that the bail swings downwardly instead of upwardly. Mention was made above of the fact that by virtue of the swinging bail connection at the rear, the beam IS, in effect, swings about a transverse axis adjacent its forward end. </p>
<p> However, it may alsobe considered that the tool i beam swings about a transverse axis at the rear end thereof so far as securing adequate penetra tion of the front disk is concerned, I such rear transverse axis being defined by the engagement of the rear gauge wheel I25 with the ground, in </p>
<p>which case the draft transmitting bail is ar- It is, of course, </p>
<p> To detach the plow from the tractor all that it is necessary to do is to remove the two pivot pins I 5 I which preferably are of the quick detachable type'and disconnect either of the clevises I or 202. Next, the. three bolts 31 fixing the forwarddisk unit to the front end of the beam will be removed and the disk, together with the scraper and angle adiustinga'rms, placed to one side out of the path .of travel of the right-hand rear tractor wheel. Then eitherthe upper or lower end of the depth adjusting rod 11 will be disconnected from the associated part, and lastly, the quick detachable pin at the laterally inner endcof the crank axle H5 is removed, whereupon the guide wheel I I and the lever I I8 can be shifted outwardly and away from the path of'travel of the right-hand rear tractor wheel. The tractor can then be driven forwardly over the front end of the beam I6, which then rests on the: ground after it drops from the slotted bracket '82. i, v </p>
<p> It is usually preferable beforedisconnecting the plow to swing the gauge wheel I25 down into contact with the ground so that the rear end of the plow will rest on the rear furrow opener and the rear. gauge wheel I25 in upright position. </p>
<p>the tractor. 2 7 g when connecting the plow-to the tractorvsubstantially' the above described steps repeated. First. the tractor is backed intoposition with the front end of the. tool beam on the slotted bracket 58. With onecof the bolts 61, it removed and the other loosened, the bar 65 may be swung to one side and the beam I 8 lifted Next, the front diskand guide wheel are attached, and then the forward ends of the bail I52. This may be easily'accomplished in this manner. Remembering that the rear endof the plow is resting on the 'rearjdisk and the rear gauge'wheei I25, swinging the lever I23 serves to tilt the ball I laterally. The bail I may be raised and lowered bodily about its axis ofconnection at the bracket I50 by'swingin'g the landing lever I80but leaving it connected to the sector I48. Further, by unlatching the lever I82 bail itself may be shifted laterally in the bracket the exact position when it is driven into place, the bail I4I may be-shifted latera1ly,'tilted and/or, </p>
<p>the proper connection at the pivots I5I. </p>
<p>the present invention havejbeen shown asincorporated in a disk plow, this invention is not to be limited to the use. of. disk type furrow openers, sincemoldboard plow bottoms or any other type of furrow openers may be used where desired. For example, in Figures 5 and 6 there is shown a plow constructed according to the principles of the present invention, using moldboard plow bottoms. Such modified format the pres-' ent invention will now be described. </p>
<p> The moldboard plow attachment is indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 2 I5 and This is to facilitate reattaching the implement to ground substantially directly underneath the into the space between the-arms of the bracket eb y the rear co ter is the same as the front 22. Then the bar SS'isiixed in position and the depth adjusting rod 11 attached to the beam, </p>
<p>arms can be attached to, the hanger brackets from the sector I48 and swinging the lever, the </p>
<p>I60. Thus, even though the tractor is notin swung vertically as desiredin order to enact While, as described above, the principles of assaaas includes atool beam or main bar III having a front end 2" and a rear end 2| 8 disposed generally in the same horizontal plane, with the intermediate portion of-the bar, as at 2", being the construction-shown in Figures 1 to 4, the tool bar extends between the rear wheels 2 and 4 of a tractor, the front furrow opener being indicated at 225 and comprising a moldboard plow bottom fixed to a standard 226, the upper end of which is secured by a U-bolt 221 and an attaching casting 228 to the front end portion of the tool bar 2". As best shown in Figure 5, the front plow bottom 225 is disposed directly forward of the rear tractor wheel 3. The rear The plow beam 2| is connectedwith the trac-' tor at the front end of the beam 2| 5 by means of a frame bar guide which is the same as the guide 52 described above, and therefore the same reference numerals have been used. A </p>
<p> forwardly and laterally outwardly disposed brackat 235 is fixed to the front end portion of the beam M5 and receives a colterstandard 225. </p>
<p>m The latter is fastened by a bolt 23'! to the bracket lower bent end of the standard 232 and rotatably Ls-provided for the rear plow bottom 22 I, and pref- In Figures 5 and 6, the tractor I is provided with a pair of bail hangers, which may be iden- The ball hangers are adapted to pivotally receive the forward end portions of a bail member which merals as in Figures 1 to 4. However, the means connecting the tool beam to the bail is slightly different. In this form of the invention, a sleeve 254 is slidably mounted on the, central bail portion I42 and is adapted to be shifted laterally relative to the tractor by any suitable means, under the control of the operator on the tractor, such as the link I58, the hand lever I80, and associated part asshown in Figures 1, 2 and 4. However, in the form of the invention shown in .Figures 5 to 7, the plow beam is not fixed directly to the sleeve 254, as is the arrangement shown in Figure 1 et al. but, instead, carries a pair of interconnected plates 251 connected together by a strap 255 and fixed, as by a set screw 256, to the rear end of the plow beam 2I6. The shiftable sleeve 254 lies between the lower part of the plates 251 and includes an apertured lug 252 through which a pivot bolt 259 carried by the plates 251 extends. To land the plow bottoms 225 and 23I, an adjusting crank screw 263 is anchored, as by a pair of collars 264, to an extension 265 of the forward plate 255. The other 15 end of the orank'screw 263 threads into a nut bent to clear the rear axleextension 1. Likeplow bottom is indicated by-the reference nu- I 2I8 of the beam 2 in the same way. Hence, </p>
<p>235 by a clamp casting22l and the latter is fa's-. t'ened by, a bolt 22! to one side of the bar 2". By loosening, the bolt'2l1, the standard 222 maybe rotated, to a new position or shifted generally vertically, as desired. ,A yoke 2' is fixed to the receives a rolling colter. 242. The rolling colter 242 is disposed in the plane of the landside face of the front furrow opener 225. A rear colter -tical with the bail hangers I52 described above. </p>
<p>I tical with those shown in g ..The front end of the beam 7 'wheel with adjusting mechanism therefor, and the frame-bar M6 is connected its forward end "with depth adjusting mechanism, but since these main bar "I of approxlmatelythe configuramember 23'! carried between a pair of lugs 200 on the sleeve 2". Thus, by turning the crank screw 203 in one direction or the other. the tool beam 2" may be rocked laterally on the ball I. In this form of the invention the link I may be connected to the shiftable' sleeve 2 by a bracket 200 welded to the latter. l </p>
<p> The rear gauge wheel for this form of plow is preferably identical to the gauge wheel unit shown in Figures 1 and z and described above. A plate l20a (Figure is fixed to the rear end of the beam 2|6 by bolts 31:; and receives the 'other parts of the gauge means which are for the sake of clarity indicated by the same reference numerals since such parts are identical. In Figure 6, portions of the gauge wheel unit are cut away to show other parts to'better advantage. </p>
<p> The power lift'arrangement in this form of the invention is substantially the same as has been described above, and hence further description is not necessary. In Figures 5 and 6, parts iden- Figures 1 and 2 are indicated by the same referencenumerals. 2|.0 carries a guide mechanisms are preferably identical, respectively, with the guide wheel adjusting mechanism 8a and the depth'adjusting mechanism 80 described scription is unnecessary. Due to the 'coulter bracket 235-, it is-preferablein Figures 5 to! to connect the plates and 02. with. the beam r as by welding 3I3. The upper end of the disk 3 is suitable fixed, as by welding, to 3M which are 'apertured to receive bolts 3l 5 which are adapted to be inabove in connection-with the first form of this invention, it is believed that further de- The rear furrow opener is also in the form of a :2i6 forward of the guide bracket 53, rather than :7 </p>
<p> inrear of the same as in Figures 1 to 4. </p>
<p>- The operation of this form of the present in vention is substantially the same as the operation of the form shown in Figuresl to' 4 and have been applied. </p>
<p>need not be repeated. If it is desired, the mold-. </p>
<p> board bottoms out landsides, one bottom is counterbalancedby the side thrust of the other bottom, both being sustained by the tractonsubstantially at a point ingthe. vertical transverse plane of the rear wheels. 'Also, this plow is adapted to conform to irregularities in the ground surface with the same effectiveness as the first described form; The plow beam 2|6 may be leveled sothat the furrow openers 225 and 23l run in a level position byturning the crank 263 in one direction or the other. The chain 20l is connected to the beam 216 at a point Just slightly 225 and 231 may be utilized withthe front end of the beam H6 is first lifted and then, at about the same time that the rear bottom reaches the point on the ground where the front bottom was raised, the rear 'end of the beam is raised. Normally, the chain is slack. </p>
<p>In Figures 8 and 9 I have shown a modified form of disk plow, somewhat similar to but in certain respects more simple than the disk plow shown in. Figures 1 to 4; and in that respect an improvement over the forms of the invention de reference numeral 300, comprises a tool beam or in which case the side thrust of forward of the center of gravity, whereby when the lifting mechanism is actuated, </p>
<p>'tially straight rear section 303 tion and inserting the tlon of the beamor bar It described above in connection with Figure 1. The tool-beam or bar 30l,in the present instance, includes a substantially straightforward section 302, a substanwhich passes unla of the tractor. 304, and a rearthe end of the section is provided with a pair of apertures, and- 305: is likewise. </p>
<p>the rear end of the rear'section apertured. A front furrow opener in the form "'of"*"a"disk 3l0' is mounted for rotation in any suitable manner at the lower end of a bearing standard 3 of conventional construction, to the lower end of which a, bearing M2 is fixed, </p>
<p>standard upper and lower plates serted and fastened in place in the apertures in the forward portion of the tool beam section 301. The disk standard bracketplates are provided with one or more additional openings 3|! (Figure 8) so that by removingtthe associated bolt 3!! and shiftingthe bracket to'a new posibolt iii in other openings, the angular position of the front disk II. </p>
<p>the center line. </p>
<p>may be changed relative tothe tool beam 30f. </p>
<p>' disk, and since the rear diskis identical with same reference numerals the frontldisk, the </p>
<p>The rear disk bracket may be adjusted relative to the tool beam 30I in the same manner as described above. Each disk 0 has a scraper 3!! whose shank is fixed by an adjustable clamp M3 to the upper end of a curved scraper standard 3l9 which is fixed in any suitable way to the upper plates 3. </p>
<p> The front end 302 of the tool beam 30f is received between the side bars of a guide bracket, indicated in its entirety .by the reference numeral 320. The guide 320 is similar to the guide 63 described; above but differs therefrom in certain respects. However, like the guide 63, the guide bracket 320 includes inner and outer vertical bars MI and 322 having laterally outturned lower ends to which is bolted a closure strap 323. Secured to the upper end, of the bracket straps 32! and 322 is an attaching plate 324 which is bolted to the tractor, as at 325. The bracket straps 32| and. 322 form, in effect, member, the upper intermediate portion of which serves as, a stop to limit the upward swinging movement of the front end 302 of the tool beam 30| and may be provided with a bumper at this point, if desired, as described above in connection with the first form of this invention, but </p>
<p>preferably in this form of the invention the bumper takes the form of a roller 450 (Figure '9) mounted on a pin or bolt 449. The lower end of the strap 32! is extended latan inverted U-shaped connected thereto. The latter includes detent mechanism 331 which cooperates with a sector 332 one end of which is fixed, as at 333, to the tractor and the other end of which is fixed to the upper end of a strap 335. The lower end of the latter is connected by the pivot 328 to the bracket 321. A link 342 extends vertically through a sleeve 343 which is pivoted, as at 344, to the adjusting lever 329,'and the upper end of the link 342 is threaded and receives a pair of lock nuts 346. The lower end of the link is formed as a hook and engages in an aperture in a clip 341 which is secured by a U-bolt 348 to the forward portion of the tool beam 301. By releasing the .detent mechanism 331 and moving the lever 329 to different positions, the front end of the tool beam 301 may be raised or lowered, as desired, thus adjusting the depth ofoperatlon of the front furrow opener 318. </p>
<p> A front guide wheel is connected to move-generally vertically with the front end of the tool bar 3111, much in the same manner as the guide wheel 119 described' above, but in the instant modification, separate adjusting means for the guide wheel has been eliminated. In this form of the invention the guide wheel is indicated by the reference numeral 355 and is journaled for rotation on the laterally outer end of an axle 356. The laterally inner end of the latter is provided with a square taper and is received in the socket section 359 of a. bracket casting 361. The latter member is provided with a longitudinal sleeve section 362 in which "the forward end of the tool beam 301 is received. This end of the latter is provided with anaperture 363, and registering apertures are formed in the sleeve 362 to receive a bolt 365. The latter is smaller than one or more of the apertures just mentioned so that the sleeve casting is capable of limited rocking movement on the front end of the tool bar 3111. However, such rocking movement is limited by virtue of the particular cross sectional conform of the invention the bail 3111 includes an infiguration of the opening in the sleeve-362 through I which the front end of the toolbar 301 extends. As best shown in Figure 10, this opening, which is indicated by the reference numeral 361, is generally of star section presenting four curved walls between which the square end of the tool bar 301 is received. As indicated in Figure 10A, after the sleeve 362 and guide wheel axle 356 associated therewith have rocked relative to the tool bar through a limited amount, further relative rocking movement in that direction is prevented. Preferably, the construction is such that during operation the wheel 355 serves 1- to run along the previously formed furrow and serves as a guide or marker to assist the operator in maintaining uniform width of plowing. The relative movement permitted affords a certain freedom of action of the guide whee1 355 so that travel over irregular ground is accommodated. However, if the tractor should start to tip over, as is sometimes encountered in hillside Work, the guide wheel 355 is available as an auxiliary support preventing overturning of the tractor, in substantially the safne manner described above in connection with the form of the invention shown in Figures 1-4. The guide whee1 and associated parts may be easily removed from the tool beam 391 merely by detaching the one bolt 365. </p>
<p> The rear and of the tool beam 381 is connected with the iractor by a bail indicated in its entirety similar to the bail Mi described above. In this termediate section 311 with which the tool beam 301 is connected, as will be described below, and a forwardly bent arm section 312, the forward end of which is flattened and apertured to receive a pivot pin 313 by which this portion of the bail 311 is pivotally connected to a vertically extending bail hanger 316. This member comprises a pair of straps 311 and 313 (Figure 8), and the upper ends of these straps are extended above the rear axle section 1a and is directed forwardly to form a power lift bracket 319. A brace 381 is bolted, as at 382 (Figure 9), in between the lower ends of the bracket straps 311-and 318 just above the pivot 313. The brace 381 is welded to a plate 385, and a similar plate 386 is welded to the forward edges of the bracket straps 311 and 318. These plates are fastened to the rear axle housing section 1a by any suitable means. The brace 381 extends forwardly and upwardly beyond the attaching plate 385 and is pivotally connected, as at 388, with the lower end of a hydraulic piston and cylinder unit indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 389. The upper part of the hydraulic unit 389 .is pivotally connected, as at 391, to the intermediate portion of a lifting link 392, the rear end of which is pivoted, as at 393, to the bracket 313 and the forward end of which is pivoted to a swivel 396. A lifting chain 391 is connected at its upper end to the swivel 396 and at its lower end to a bracket 398 which is secured by bolts 399 to the tool beam 301, preferably forwardly of the center of the tool beam. Fluid under pressure is supplied by any suitable means to the hydraulic unit 389 through a hose 461. Preferably, the source of fluid pressure is carried by the tractor. a </p>
<p>The other arm of the bail 318 is c ned as a separate part and takes the form 01 an arm 418, the forward end of which is pivoted, as at 41 1, in between the lower ends of a pair of straps 412 forming the left hand bail hanger 413. A brace 4119 (Figure 8) connects the lower end of the hanger 413 with a plate 413 which is fixed to the forward side of the left hand axle, housing. A sector 415 is secured to the bail arm 4111, and the latter, which preferably is a forging, has a square socket 416 at its rear end to receive the square tapered end of the bail section 311, the latter being secured as by a nut 411 to the bail arm 410, whereby all of the bail parts are rigidly secured together. A sleeve member 420 is mounted on the intermediate bail section 311 adjacent the sector 415 and is formed with a transverse portion 421 in which the forward end of a gauge wheel crank axle 422 is fixed, as by a nut 423. The rear end of the gauge wheel crank axle is turned laterally inwardly and serves to rotatably receive the gauge wheel 425 which is held in place by any suitable means. As an integral part of the sleeve member 420, the latter carries an extension 421 to which the lower end of a gauge wheel adjusting lever 428 is fixed, the lever 428 carrying detent mechanism 429 which cooperates with notches in the sector 415, When the lever 428 is latched to the sector 415, the gauge wheel 425 swings vertically with the bail 310 about the transverse pivot axis which is defined by the pivot pins 313 and 411. </p>
<p> The rear transverse section 304 of the tool beam 391 is secured to the intermediate section 311 of the bail 310 by means of a hanger 435, which includes a plate 436 to which a pair of inverted U-sha-ged straps 431 are fixed, as by welding. The </p>
<p>intermediate section 311 of the bail passes 2,339,225 through the straps 431, and the plate436 is rigidsecured to the intermediate section 304 of the tool beam 31H by bolts 439 and cross straps 44!; A pair of collars 442 carrying set screws 443 are mounted on the intermediate bail section 3H on the laterally outer sidesof the hanger yokes'43l. By loosening the set screws 3' the collars and hail hanger may be shiftedto different positions along the ball so as to determine'theangular position of the tool beam 3M as a whole relative to the tractor, it being remembered that the front end of the toolbeam is confined within the guide bracket 320. </p>
<p>. ,The operation of the form of the invention shown in Figures 8-11 is substantiall'ythe same as the'operation of the forms of the invention described above. The position of the front furrow" opener 3|!) is gauged by the tractor throughthe depth adjusting connections 329 an d 342; the chain 351 normally being slack soas to permit the rear end ofthe tool beam to swing up and ground surface, From Figure 9 it will be noted that thebail arms 312 and Ill) extend generally downwardly and forwardly from the connection of the intermediate bail section 3'" with the tool 'beam so that there is a downwardcomponent of the draft pull tending to insure proper penetrationof the front disk 3m, the penetration be 'ing limited by the depthadjusting lever 3 28 and lock nuts 346. The depth of penetration of therear disk 3! is limited by the position of the chain 391 against the tool bar or beam 3!. The point of connection of the chain with the beam is so disposed that the front furrow opener is first raised, followed by the raising of the rear furrow opener. During the raising and lowering of the beamtlll relative to the tractor, the bail 310 swingsabout its pivot axis, and since the hand ground which, in effect, addsto the rear end of the tool beam 3M the weight of the gauge wheel, thus additionally'resisting the upward displacement of the rear furrow opener. While I have shown and described above the preferredstructure inwhich the principles of the present invention have been incorporated, it </p>
<p>is to be understood that my invention is not to "be limited to the particular details shown and 'down to accommodate irregularities in the described above, but that, in fact, widely different means may be employed in the practice of the broader aspects of my invention f What I claim, therefore, and desire to-secure by Letters Patent is: V </p>
<p> 1. an agricultural implement comprising means serving'as a supporting frame,- a generally longitudinally extending beam movably connected with said supporting frame means, a draft transmitting bail having its bight portion pivotally connected with the rear portion of said beam and its end portions pivotally connected with said supporting frame means at points generally below the bight portion of said ball, whereby there isa downward component effective against said beam, and tool means, connected with said beam both forwardly and rearwardly of said bail. </p>
<p>' 2. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as asupporting frame, a tool beam connected at its forward end with said supporting frame means, tool means carried by said tool beam, the rear end of the latter being arranged for generally free vertical swinging movement in both directions relative to said supportingframe means, and draft transmitting means connected with said supporting frame means and the rear portion of said tool beam. </p>
<p>' 3.1 The combination with a tractor. having ground engaging drive means, of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, means connecting the latter with the tractor for generally Vertical movement and movement about a. transverse axi whereby to accommodate the passage of the lever 428 latches the rearwardly extending gauge wheel crankaxle 422 with the bail so as to form a rigid. part thereof, itwill'be seen that the gaugewheel 425 moves through a greater extent of vertical movement than the adjacent rear furrow opener m. In the construction illustrated, the </p>
<p>, gauge wheel moves verticall no less thanjtwice the vertical displacement'of the adjacent furrow opener. that the rear furrow opener ismaintained at substantially constant depth of operation. If, for example, the rear furrow strikes a soft spot and tends to run deeper than desired, the corresponding downward movement of the rear portion of the beam 30f causes an accelerated downward This, construction has the advantage- 'said transverse axis. </p>
<p>tractor over uneven ground, and tool means connected with said tool beam both fore and aft of 4. The combination with a tractor having ground engaging driving means, of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, means 'movably connecting the latter with the tractor and including a generally horizontally disposed member pivoted to the tool'beam and to the tractor, </p>
<p>' whereby the tool beam is free to move ither'iip movement of the ,rearwardly disposed gauge wheel 425, the extent of movement of the gauge wheel being greater than the corresponding movement of the rear disk. Thus, th gauge wheel is effective to prevent such downward displacement of the furrow opener. Likewise, if the rear disk should strike a hard spot and tend to rise, carrying with it the rear" end of the tool beam 31", such upward movement of the latter acts to swing the gauge wheel 425 in a generally ve tical direction faster than the rear disk, therelifting the cause wheel 425 entirely oh the wardly or downwardly relative to the tractor,. said horizontally disposed member serving 'to transmit draft loads to the tool beam, tool means connected with'said tool been: both fore and aft of said, driving means and including front, and rear furrow openers, means for gauging the depth of operation of the front furrow opener from the tractor, and a ground engagin gaugeuwheel for determining the operating depth of the rear fur 1 row opener. </p>
<p> 5. The combination. with a tractor having ground engaging drivemeans, of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, means connect-- ing the latter intermediate its ends with the tractor for generally vertical swinging about a transverse axis, tool means connected with the front and rear end portions of said tool beam, and means reacting against the tractor for limiting the downward movement of the tool beam about said transverse axis. </p>
<p> 6. The combination withla tractor, ofan implement comprising a generally longitudinallyex tending tool beam, draft means connecting the front. end ofsaid tending tool beam having a rear means on the tractor at the other end ofsaid axle and rear drive wheels,-a generally longitudinally extending tool beam extending fore and aft of the drive wheels of the tractor,'bail means swingably connectin the rear portion of said. </p>
<p>tool beam with the tractor, whereby said rear portion ofthe tool beam is capable of relatively free vertical movement relative to the tractor. ground engaging tool means securedrto the forward portion of said tool beam, means connecting the forward end portion of said tool beam with the tractor at a point forwardof the rear wheels whereby the tractor serves to determine the depth of operation of said forward tool means, rear tool means connected with the rear portion of saidgenerally longitudinally extending beam, and gauge means connected with the latter for gauging the depth of operation of the rear .tool means. V </p>
<p> 8. In an agricultural implement, the combination ofa tractor having a rear axle and drive wheels therefor, a generally longitudinallyextending tool beam extending both fore and aft of aid rear axle and between the drive wheels tool beam both fore and aft of said rear axle, and means whereby the side thrust of said tool means istaken by the tractor, saidlatter means including adjustable parts adapted to vary the angular position of said tool beam relative to the tractor in a generally horizontal plane, whereby to ad- Just the width of cut of said tool means. </p>
<p> 9. A combination set forth in claim 8, further characterized by: means connecting opposite end portions of said tool beam with the tractor and including mechanism for shifting one end portion of the tool beam generally laterally relativeto the tractor. I v </p>
<p> 10. In a plowing implement, means serving as a supporting frame, a generally longitudinally exmovably connected with the supporting frame means, a furrow opener secured toeach end portion of said tool beam, stop means limiting the upward movement of the front end portion of said tool beam, and raising means connected with the generally central portion of said tool beam but forward of the center of gravity of said tool beam andfurrow'openers, whereby operation of said raising means first raises the front end of the tool beam and theniraises the rear end after said sto means limits the upward movement of the front end. </p>
<p> 11. In a plowing implement, means serving as a supporting frame, a generally longitudinally extending tool beam movably connected with the supporting frame means for both vertical and lateral swinging movements furrow opener securedto each end portion of said tool beam, and means for loading the side thrust due to said furrow openers onto said supporting frame means. </p>
<p>. of the tractor, tool means connected with said furrow but above the furrow bottom, whereby 12; In combination, a tractor, a toolbearn ex-- tending generally longitudinally thereof, means tool beam serving to limit the movement thereof relative to the tractor, a plow fixed to said tool beam between the ends thereof, and a second plow fixed to the rear end of saidtool beam. </p>
<p> 13. In combination, a tractor, a tool beam extending generally longitudinally thereof, means connecting the forward end of said tool beam with the tractor for both longitudinal and generally vertical movement, a plow fixed to said tool beam adjacent the forward endthereof, a bail pivoted on the tractor adjacentthe rear thereof and pivotally supporting the rear portion of said tool beam, and a second plow fixed to said tool beam rearwardly of said bail, swinging movement of the latter providing for the rear plow following undulations in the ground surface. </p>
<p> 14. In combination, a tractor having rear wheels, a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, a slotted bracket carried by the tractor forward of the rear wheelsandreceiving the forward end of said tool beam, means associated with said bracket for limiting the vertical movement of the forward end of said tool beam in said slotted bracket, a plow fixed to said tool beam adjacent the forward end thereof, means movably connecting the 'rear end of said tool beam with the rear portion of the tractor, a second plow fixed to the rearend portion of said tool beam, and a. guide wheel carried by the forward end of said tool beam. </p>
<p> 15. A plow comprising the combination with a. tractor having rear wheel of a generally 1ongitudinally extending tool beam, a. furrow opener secured to the front and rear end portions of said tool beam and disposed fore and aft, respectively, of the associated tractor wheel, means connecting said tool beam with the tractor whereby there is a component of the draft pull that serves to force said furrow openers into the ground, and means for controlling the depth'of operation of said furrow openers including an adjusting lever pivotally mounted on the tractor and connected with the forward portion of said tool beam. </p>
<p> 16. A plow comprising the combination with a tractor of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, means connecting the latter with the tractor so as to impose on the latter lateral and vertical forces incident in the operation of the plow, a furrow opener connected with said-tool beam, a guide wheel adjustably connected with said tool beam and disposed laterally relative to said furrow opener so as to' run'in the furrow opened on the previous round, and means for adlusting said guide wheel so as to run in said some of the vertical forces are imposed on the tractor, said guide wheel being also adjustable to a position in which at least some of said vertical forces are imposed on said guide wheel. </p>
<p> 17. The combination with a tractor having front and rear wheels, a generally longitudinally extending tool bar, a pair, of moldboard plow bottoms fixed to said tool beam both fore and aft of the adjacent rear wheel of the tractor, means connecting said tool beam with the tractor, and means for leveling said tool beam relative to the tractor so a to cause said plow bottoms to run level. 18. An agricultural implement adapted to be connected with a farm tractor and comprising a generally longitudinally extending tool beam. means connecting the front end of the latter to the tractor for generally vertical movement, a bail swingably connected with the rear portion 'of the tractor, means connecting said bail with the rear portion of said tool beam, a pair of moldboard furrow openers fixed to said tool beam fore and aft of the adjacent rear tractor wheel, and </p>
<p>means reacting against said ball for changing the position of the tool beam to level said moldboard furrow'openers. </p>
<p> 19. In combination, a, tractor, a. bailpivotally connected to the .tractor, a generally longitudinally extending tool beam connected at its forward end with the tractorand at its rear end with said bail, tool means connected with said beam, and means for shifting the rear end of the beam laterally along the bail and holding, v </p>
<p>15 of the latter, a bail serving to connect the rear the rear end of the beam in any one of aplurality of laterally adjusted positions along said bail. </p>
<p>20. In combination, a tractor, a guide bracket secured to the forward portion of the tractor and, </p>
<p>serving as a vertically elongated slot, a. bail pivoted to the rear portion of the tractor, a generally longitudinally extending tool beam having its forward endslidably disposed in the slot in said guide bracket, tool means connected with said beam rearwardly of said bail, means connecting the latter with said beam in draft transmitting relation, and means limiting the movement of -the beam in said slot in one direction. I 21. In combination, a tractor, a guide bracket. </p>
<p>secured tothe forward portion of the tractor, a </p>
<p>bail pivoted to the rear portion of the tractor, a: </p>
<p>generally longitudinallyextending tool beam connected at its forward end with the tractor through said guide bracket, tool means connected with said beam rearwardly of said bail, a member carried by the bail and adapted to be shifted later ally relative thereto, and means fixing said member to said beam ,in draft transmitting relation. </p>
<p> '22. An agricultural implement comprising supporting means, a tool beam disposed generally longitudinally thereof and connected therewith adjacent its forward end, a'bail pivotally connected with said supporting means, means pivotally connecting the intermediate portion of said bail with the rear portion of said beam, tool means carried by the latter adjacent said bail, and ground engaging gauge means connected rigidly with said bail and disposed rearwardly thereof so that swinging movement of said bail raises and lowers said gauging means through a greater extent than the corresponding movement of said tool means. </p>
<p> 23. In combination, a tractor of the table type, an implement connected therewith at one side of the tractor for limited movement relative theretoin a generally vertical direction, and laterally outwardly extending ground engaging means connected with said implement and serving, after said relative movement reaches its, limit, to prevent the tractor from tipping over toward said a one side. </p>
<p> 24. In combination, a tractor, a plowing implement connected therewith and including a generally longitudinally extending beam and furrow opening means secured thereto, a member mounted for rocking movement on said beam and extending laterally outwardly from said one side of the tractor, and ground engaging means carried at the laterally outer end of said member and adapted to prevent the tractor from tipping over toward said one side. </p>
<p> 25. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as a supporting frame, a generally longitudinally extending beam separate from and movably connected with said supporting frame means, means on the latter connected with the generally intermediate portion of said beam for raising the latter relative toisaid supporting frame means, tool means co'nnectedwith said beam both fore and aft of said raising means, i 5 and means at the frontend portion of said beam for accommodating a limited amount of upward movement of the front end portion of said beam sumcient to raise the fronttool meansbefore the rear tool means is raised. I </p>
<p> 26. An agricultural implement comprising the combination with a tractorhaving a rear axle, of a generally longitudinally extending beam, means connecting the forward end of said beam with the tractor adjacent the forward portion portion of said beam with the tractor in draft transmitting relation and accommodating vertiv c'al movement of said beam relative to the tractor, bracket means carried by the rear axle of v the tractor to which said bail is pivotally connected, and means reacting against said bracket. means and connected with the intermediate portion of said beam for raising the latter relative to the tractor. v 27. In a tractor mounted implement, a beam extending generally longitudinally of the tractor underneath the rear axle. thereof, a bracket member secured to the rear axle at the rear side thereof, means connecting said. beam with said bracket, the latter, extending upwardly and forwardly relative to said rear axle, a second bracket secured to said rear axle at the front side thereof opposite said first mentioned bracket, a brace member extending underneath said rear axle and I '35 connecting said brackets, an arm pivotally connected with the upper and forwardly directed portion of said first bracket, means connecting the outer end of said arm with said beam, and lifting mechanism reacting against said brace and 0 operatively connected with said aim for swinging the latter to raise said beam relative to the tractor. </p>
<p> 28. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as a supporting frame, tool carry,- ing means pivotally connected with said supporting frame means, a bailpivotally connecting the tool carrying meansv with said supporting frame means, and gauging means connected with said bail rigidly at a point spaced from the point of said first pivotal connection. I </p>
<p> 29. An agricultural" implement comprising means serving as a supporting frame, tool carrying means, a bail pivotally connecting the latter with said supporting frame means for'inovement about an axis, a tool on said tool carrying means," and gauging means connected rigidly with said bail and extending in a direction away from said axis whereby a given movement of the tool carry-v ing means causes a greater movement of the gauging means. I </p>
<p> 30. In an agricultural implement, a swingable member, a tool connected therewith, and gauging means including apart swingable about an axis and a, ground engaging means secured to said part, said part being connected with said'member at a point between said axis and said ground engaging means so that swinging movement of said member moves said ground engaging means farther than said tool. a </p>
<p> 31. The combination with a tractor, of a tool carrying member, means pivotally connecting the latter with the tractor, gauge. means for said tool carrying member also connected with the tractor, and means connecting said vgauge means with said member at such a point that movement 12 I aaae'jcas said tool beam and having a part extending in one direction from said pivot point and a second part extending in another direction, a tool on the rear portion of said tool beam, a gauge wheel on one of said parts, and means connecting the bther part with the tractor whereby a given extent of downward movement of the portion of said tool beam carrying said tool causes a greater extent of downward movement of said gauge wheel. I </p>
<p> 33. The combination with a tractor; of a tool carrying member connected at its forward end with the tractor, a tool at the rear portion of said member, a member swingably connected with said tool carrying member for movement relative thereto about an axis and including a part extending generally rearwardly 'fromsaid axis and apart extending forwardly therefrom, a gauge wheel journaled on the rearwardly extending part, and means connecting the forwardly ex tending part with the tractor, whereby a down ward movement of the tool carrying member through a given extent relative to the tractor causes a greater extent of movement of said auge wheel. </p>
<p>34. The combination with a tractor having a ground engaging drive means, of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, tool means connected with said tool beam both fore and aft of said drive means and arranged whereby th latter takes substantially all of the side thrust of said tool means, and means connecting said tool beam with the tractor for lateral movement about a generally vertical axis and vertical movement about a generally transverse axis with respect to the tractor. Y </p>
<p> 35. The combination with a tractor, of an implement comprising a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, draft means connecting the 1 latter with the tractor, ground engagingtool 'meangconnected with said beam fore and aft of-said draft applying means, said draft means being constructed so that the draft pull reacts against one of said tool means to forc the other into the ground, means connected with one end portion of the tool beam to limit the downward movement of that end of the tool beam so as to hold the associated tool'means at the desired depth, the other end portion of said tool beam being movable generally freely vertically rela-' tive to the tractor, and ground engaging gauge means at the other endportion of said tool beam for limiting the downward movement of that end of the tool beam. </p>
<p>36. An agricultural :implement comprising means serving as a supporting frame, a generally longitudinally extending beam movably connected with said supporting frame means. a draft transmitting bail pivotally connecting the rear portion of said beam with said supporting frame means whereby the rear end of said beam is capable of relatively free vertical movement with respect to the supporting frame means, tool means connected with said beam both foreand aft of said bail, means on the supporting f frame means for raising the front end of said beam relative to the rear end to adjust the depth of operation of said front tool means, and ground engaging means connected with the rear I end portion of said tool beam for determining the depth of operation of said rear tool means. </p>
<p>e 37. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as a supporting frame, -a gen- 'erally longitudinally extending beam movably connected with saidsupporting frame means, a draft transmitting bail pivotally connecting'the rear portion of said beam with said supporting frame means whereby the rear end of said beam is capable of relatively free vertical movement with respect to the supporting frame means, tool means connected with said beam both fore and aft of said ball, means on the supporting frame means for raising the front end of said beam relative to the rear end to adjust the depth of :0 operation of said front tool means,'and means for shifting the rear portion of said tool beam relative to said ball for. determining the lateral position of the rear tool 'means with respect to said supporting frame means. </p>
<p> cycle type having laterallyspaced rear wheels and a central front wheel means, an implement connected with the tractor and including a ground wheel disposed laterally outwardly of a line conso necting 'said front wheel means and the rear wheel at one side of the tractor, and means for limiting the extent of relative movement between the tractor and said -wheel whereby the latter serves to'prevent the tractor from tipping over the tractor at said one side, the rear portion including a section extending laterally generally parallel to said central bailsection and a second section extending generally rearwardly therefrom, means connecting said parallel sections, </p>
<p>, and tool means connected with said rearwardly extending tool beam section. </p>
<p> 40. An implement comprising the combination with a tractor havinga rear axle, of a generally longitudinally disposed tool beam extending undemeath said rear axle, tool means therefor, and </p>
<p> a draft transmitting member connecting the rear portion of said tool beam with the tractor and angled downwardly whereby there is a component of the draft pull that serves to force the tool means into the ground. </p>
<p>.60 41. An implement comprising the combination with a tractor having a rear axle, of a generally longitudinally disposed tool beam extending underneath said rear axle. tool means therefor disposed both fore and aft of said rear axle, means connecting the front end of said beam with the tractor for relative movement in a generally lon- 'gltudinal direction, and a draft transmitting member pivoted to the tractor and to the too; </p>
<p>beam between said tool means in draft-transmit- 7 ting relation and disposed at such an angle whereby there is a component of the draft pull that serves to force the tool means into the ground. </p>
<p>CARL G. STRANDLUND. </p>
<p>, 38. The combination of a tractor of the tri-"- </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-99224-A
|
US-99224D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2168683
| 1870-01-25
| null | 1870-01-25
|
431/269.
| null |
F23Q1/02
| null |
Improvement in pocket-sates for friction-matches
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> J. s. NORTON. Match Safe'. No. 99,224E Patenteduan. 25,1870. </p>
<p>N.FETERS. PHOTO-LITNOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON, D C. </p>
<p>@tutti Steine @aient (til ire. </p>
<p>Leners Patmlvo. 99,224, dated January 25, 1870. </p>
<p>IMPAROVEMENT IN POCKET-SAFES FOR FRICTIKOlN-MATCHES. </p>
<p>The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same. </p>
<p>an Improvement in Pocket-Safes for Friction-Match Cord, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p>Nature and Objects of the Invention. </p>
<p> One William H. Rogers has procured Letters Patent of the United States, dated October 13, 1868, and numbered 83,097, for a pocket-safe for friction-match cord, the second claim in which covers a tube containing the match-cord, cut away on the sides, so that a persons lingers can grasp the cord and push it along, in the tube, so as to cause it to project from the open end of the tube, as desired for lighting. </p>
<p> My invention consists in an improvement on said device, whereby the match-cord can be pushed along, as desired, without touching the cord with the fingers, and such avoidance is much to be desired, as the cord is gummy and sticky, and soils the fingers. </p>
<p> The nature and composition of this cord vcan be gathered from the patent of which it is the subject, No. 83,412, issued October 27, 1868. </p>
<p> Description of the Accompanying Drawings. Figure 1 is a full-size view of my invention, with the cap or cover removed. </p>
<p> Figure 2 is a full -size view of my invention, with the cover removed, the safe being turned just a quarter around from the position shown in tig. 1. </p>
<p>Figure 3 is a full-size sectional view, showing a lengthwise section of thc safe and the cover, with the match enclosed, in the same position as shown in fig. 1. Like letters always indicate like parts. </p>
<p>GcnemllDescrfiptio'n.. </p>
<p> The letter a indicates the body of the safe, which is simply a metal tube of about the dimensions shown. </p>
<p> The letter b indicates the cover, which shuts down on the open end of the lube, as far as the shoulderc.- </p>
<p> Inside the safe is carried the friction-match cord d, composed of rubber or caoutchouc, and other ingredients,duly described in the patent issued, October 27, 1868, to William H. Rogers. As fast as one of these cords is consumed, it is replaced by another. </p>
<p> ,This cord light-s by friction, and a short piece will burn quite a long time, thus making it an exceedingly handy article. </p>
<p> Of course but a short piece of the cord is pushed out at the open end of the tube at any one time, and, as' fast as consumed, the cord must be pushed out again. This has been accomplished heretofore by having a slit upon two opposite sides of the tube, near the top, so large' that a persons ugers could embrace the cord, and push it along. </p>
<p> This method has had one great objection, which hasv materially interfered with the sale of the article, viz, the cord is of a gummy, sticky nature, and inevitably soils the fingers. My improvement remedies this ditculty completely. </p>
<p>. There is one other important objection to the old form. The holes for the fingers are so large, and, necessarily, come up so near to the open end of the tube, that when the end of the cord is lighted, the fire very often catches in the body ofthe cord through the finger-holes. My improvement also cures this diiculty completely. </p>
<p> The letter E indicates a collar, sliding freely on the tube a. To it, on opposite sides, are attached the two spring-catches s s, which are turned inward, and sharpened into points at their upper extremities. There are small, narrow slots, ff, made in the vsides of the tube, just large enough to admit the points of the spring-catches. Of course, by compressing these catches with the fingers, the points will take fast hold ot the friction-match cord, and it can he moved either' way at will, without the necessity of the iingels coming in contact with the cord at all. </p>
<p> Again, when the cover b is pushed ou, it iirst pushes the spring-catches down to the bottom of their slots, and then forces them into the match-cord, and thus, when the cover is pulled oi again, it will pull the end of the cord out of the tube just far enough for use. </p>
<p> It may be well enough to state that the cover is always to he kept on when the article is not in use. </p>
<p> All that is not expressly claimed herein, is not my invention; and I expressly disclaim any intention to interfere with either of the patents named. </p>
<p>Claims. </p>
<p>I claim as my iuveution- The device composed of the collar e and the springcatches s s, one or more in number, combined with the slotted tube a, substantially in the manner described, for the purpose set forth. </p>
<p> Also, the combination of the device composed of the collar e arid spring-catches s s, one or more in number, with the slotted tube a and the friction-match cord d, substantially in the manner described, for the purposes set forth. </p>
<p>Dated December 8, 1869. </p>
<p>JUNIUS S. NORTON. </p>
<p>'Wituessesz WM. 'En SIMoNns, EDWIN E.l MARVIN. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2551702-A
|
US-74885047-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
5930686
| 1951-05-08
| 1947-05-17
| 1951-05-08
|
528/318.
|
C08G69/16
|
C08G69/16
|
JIRI PROCHAZKA
|
Process for the production of polyamides by polymerization of lactams
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57652484" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYAMIDES CONSISTING OF POLYMERIZING 6-CAPROLACTAM IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LACTIC ACID, DILACTIC ACID AND LACTIDE IN AN AMOUNT OF BETWEEN 1 AND 5% OF SAID 6-CAPROLACTAM.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
|
en
|
<div>
<p>Patented May 8, 1951 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYAMIDES BY POLYMERIZATION OF LACTAMS Jiii Prochazka, Prague, Czechoslovakia, assignor to Bata narodni podnik, Zlin, Czechoslovakia No Drawing. Application May 17, 1947, Serial No. 748,850. In Germany July 28, 1943 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires July 28, 1963 3 Claims. </p>
<p> It has been found that addition of lactic acid or of its anhydroderivatives, especially addition of dilactic acid and of lactide, when producing polyamides by polymerization of lactams, ofi'ers advantages in several respects. The lactic acid and its anhydroderivatives catalyze the polymerization and stabilize at the same time the obtained polymers on a certain level of polymerization, depending on the amount of added ingredients. Further heating or obtention of the polyamides in a molten state changes only to a small extent the internal viscosity which may serve as an indication for the extent of polymerization. This circumstance is important from the practical point of View since by an excessive rise of the viscosity, the spinning of the polyamides from the molten mass would be obstructed. </p>
<p> The favourable influence of the lactic acid and of its anhydroderivatives may be explained in several ways. It is probable that the lactic acid gradually furnishes the water necessary for the polymerization of the lactam, reducing at the same time the melting point of the melted mass and its viscosity. Therefore the polymerization continues very smoothly and its speed is favourable already at lower temperatures. Besides, to- </p>
<p>wards the end of the polymerization the lactic acid or its anhydroderivatives react and form end-groups, thereby stabilizing the obtained polymers. A further heating does not change the viscosity any further. This fact confirms that the polymer, once formed, retains the length of its chain. As mentioned above, the obtained internal viscosity of the molten mass i. e. the degree of polymerization too depend on the amount of the added lactic acid or equivalent agent. Therefore, by adding a certain amount of lactic acid a certain product is obtained, the qualities of which can be established in advance. </p>
<p> It is advantageous to add 15% of lactic acid or of its anhydroderivatives. By adding a higher amount of lactic acid or of its anhydroderivates, lower polymers are obtained, which are less suitable for spinning or uncapable to be spun at all. A smaller addition, i. e. less than 1% may, under certain circumstances, result in the production of higher polymers with a higher internal viscosity. </p>
<p>Example parts of G-caprolactam are polymerized with 2 parts of lactic acid in a closed vessel by heating. After 6 hours of treatment the molten mass has an internal viscosity of 0.72 and can be spun easily. After 100 hours of heating the internal viscosity rises only insignificantly e. g. to 0.78, the qualities of the molten mass and those of the threads produced from it remaining unchanged. </p>
<p> The infiuence of the lactic acid and of its anhydroderivatives on higher polymerizable lactams as for instance on 7-oenantholactam etc. is the same. </p>
<p> Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is: </p>
<p> 1. Process for producing polyamides consisting of polymerizing G-caprolactam in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, dilactic acid and lactide in an amount of between 1 and 5% of said S-caprolactam. </p>
<p> 2. Process for producing polyamides consisting of polymerizing 6-caprolactam in the presence of between 1 and 5% of dilactic acid. </p>
<p> 3. Process for producing polyamides consisting of polymerizing fi-caprolactam in the presence of between 1 and 5% of lactide. </p>
<p>JIRf PROCHAZKA. </p>
<p>REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,071,250 Carothers Feb. 16, 1937 2,312,879 Christ Mar. 2, 1943 2,440,516 Kropa Apr. 27, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 245,374 Switzerland Nov. 15, 1946 OTHER 'REFERENCES Bernthsen-Sudborough, A Textbook of Organic Chemistry, New Edition 1931, p. 223. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1761438-A
|
US-37087129-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23461533
| 1930-06-03
| 1929-06-14
| 1930-06-03
|
362/282.
|
F21V11/18
|
F21V11/18
|
DOUGLAS HARRY A
|
Electric lamp
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Jun 3, 1930. H. A. DOUGLAS ELECTRIC LAMP I Filed Jime 14, 1929 iii/(5 07 JozgZaa Patented June 3, 1930 PATENT QFFICE HARRY A. DOUGLAS, 01 IBR-O'NSON, MICHIGAN ELECTRIC LAMP Application filed June 14, </p>
<p>. My invention relates to electric lamps employing shields for partially obstructing light emanating therefrom. </p>
<p>. In accordance with my invention, the shield is made adjustable and is in controlling relation to a switch that governs the circuit of the associated lamp so that'when the shield is in one position the lamp circuit is closed and when in an alternative position the lamp circuit is opened. Inthe preferred embodiment of the invention, such adjustable shield constitutes the shutter for an opening in a cowl that surrounds the lamp and which cowl serves further to obstruct light emanating from the lamp, such shutter serving to close the switch when the shutter is opened and to open theswitch when the shutter is moved in a closing direction sufficiently to completely close the opening, though the invention is not to be thus restricted. </p>
<p> The invention will be more fully explained in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a front view illustrating the preferred embodiment of my invention adapted to furnish illumination for the instrument board of an automotive vehicle, the shutter being shown in an open position; Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line 3+3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line H of Fig. 3 Fig. 5 is a sectional View on line 55 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. i but showing the shutter in a closed position; and Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line 7-7 of Fig. 5, parts being broken away. </p>
<p> The cowl 1, preferably metallic, is of any suitable shape. This cowl is electrically grounded. As illustrated, it is oblong and has flat top and bottom sides which are joined by semi-cylindrical end portions 2 and 3 and a rounded front portion 1. A metallic shutter is provided to open and close the opening 5 in the'cowl, said shutter having transverse l. extendin ears 5 5 which are 'ournaled y a: a </p>
<p>upon the inner and reduced ends of metallic pins 5 of the cowl. The shutter may be provided with a thumb and finger piece 5 whereby it may be opened and closed. The light emitting opening 5 extends lengthwise of the cowl but terminates, at each end, short 1929. Serial No. 370,871. </p>
<p>of the semi-cylindrical portions 2 and 3 since it is found that this opening need not be sector shaped when the structure is used upon the dash board of an automobile. The metallic lampsocket 6 is provided with tongues 7 at its front end which are clinched against the front side of an oblong plate 8 of insulation which is surrounded by and snugly received within tl e rear end of the cowl, the plate 8 having some tongues 9 which enter spaces between the tongues 7, these tongues 7 clamping the plate against the body of the socket 6. By this arrangement, the socket is firmly held from movement in any direction with respect to the insulating plate which insulates the socket from the cowl. </p>
<p> inwardly projecting attaching formations, preferably tongues, 10 and 11 are integrally formed with the cowl near the ends and at the top side thereof. Inwardly projecting tongues 12 and13 are integrally formed with the cowl near the ends and at the bottom side thereof. The tongues 10 and 12 are in lapping relation as are the tongues 11 and 13. Registering holes 14 are formed in the tongues 10 and 12 and registering holes 15 are formed in the tongues 11 and 13. The holes 14: are in register with the hole 16 formed in the insulating plate 8 and the holes 15 are in register with another hole 17 formed in said plate; The shanks 18 of assembling bolts are passed through the holes that are in register and through holes in a mounting or instrument board 19. The heads of the bolts are within the cowl and engage the tongues 12 and 13. Nuts 20 are screwed upon the threaded shanks of'the bolts, said mounting board, the plate 8 and the tongues through which the bolt shanks pass being clamped by the nuts between the bolt heads and the nuts whereby the cowl and the lamp socket are secured in fixed position upon the mounting board. Said socket projects through an opening 21 which is formed in the mounting board. </p>
<p> The front end of the socket is provided with bayonet slots or channels 22 which are adapted to receive the metallic bayonet pins or projections 23 extending radially from the base 2 1 of an incandescent lamp bulb 25, this bulb being entirely within the interior of the cowl when its base is fully assembled with said socket. I have illustrated a single pole lamp in which one terminal of the filament is suitably connected with a metallic sheath provided upon the base of the lamp bulb to have electrical contacts with the metallic socket 6 and to be further placed in electrical connection with this socket through the intermediation of the metallic pins 23 that are electrically connected with said sheath. The other terminal of the filament is connected with the contact button 26 that is provided upon and insulated from the rear end of the base 2&. The lamp socket 6 encloses a coiled spring 2'? and two insulating washers 28 and 29 between which the spring is interposed, the rear washer 29 being seated upon the inturned rear end of socket 6 and the forward washer 28 carrying a contact 30 which is pressed, by the spring 27, into electrical engagement with the contact 26. The wire 31 extends from one pole of a battery, whose other pole is grounded, and terminates in the contact 30. </p>
<p> The socket 6 has an elongated late-rally ex tending continuation 32 that is integrally formed therewith and which terminates in a cam portion 33 which is located in the region of the ear 5 upon the shutter. A cam 34 is mechanically connected with the ear 5 The cam 34 moves with and is so related to the shutter 5 that when the shutter is opened, such cam 34' will be free from the cam 33 to permit contact 32 to press against the metallic cowl 1 to complete the electrical connection between the grounded pole of the battery and the metallic socket 6, (Figs. 3 and 1') this connection being extended through the metallic bayonet pins 23 and the sheath upon the lamp base to one terminal of the filament, the other terminal of the filament being connected with the ungrounded pole of the battery as previously described. Thus the lamp circuit is closed when the shutter is opened. When the shutter is closed, the aforesaid cam 34 engages the cam 33 to separate contact 32 from the cowl (Figs. 5 and 6) to open the lamp circuit. By this arrangement, the provision of a separate and individually operated switch upon the instrument board for controlling the lamp circuit is not required, the equipment being thus cheapened and space being economized. </p>
<p> A finishing washer 35 of dish form may receive the rear of the cowl. This finishing washer has openings 36 through which the bolt shanks are passed. The margins of the openings 36 initially enter the screw threads of the bolt shanks, slots 37 radiating from said openings 36 to facilitate the threaded engagement of the bolts with such opening margins. The bolts have annular recesses 38 adjacent the bolt heads and clear of the threads in which recesses the margins of the openings 36 are ultimately received when the bolts are sufficiently turned whereby the bolts may thereafter be turned without disturbing the Washers which are thereby prevented from interfering with the mounting of the structure which is effected by the bolts. When the margins of the openings 36 are received in the recesses 38, such margins are not readily restored into engagement with the threads of the bolts, which threads thus serve to maintain the washers in place about the bolt shankswhile the devices are in shipment and in stock and before they are assembled with mounting boards, a feature of much advantage, it not being necessary to rely upon the nuts for this purpose. When the devices are to be mounted in place, it is merely necessary to project the threaded bolt shanks through the corresponding holes in the mounting boards and thereafter apply the clamping nuts. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, I claim: </p>
<p> 1. The combination with an electric incandescent lamp having a metallic sheath upon its base and a filament having one terminal in electrical connection with this sheath; of a metallic socket receiving the base of the lamp and with which said sheath is engaged; an adjustable shutter for obstructing light emanating from the lamp; and a switch for opening and closing the circuit of the lamp and operable by the shutter, the aforesaid metallic socket having an extension constitutin one of the contacts of the switch, the switch and shutter being so related that the switch is opened when the shutter is closed and the switch is closed when the shutter is open. </p>
<p> 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the lamp is provided with a metallic cowl that is in the lamp circuit and which cowl constitutes a switch contact complemental to the contact that is formed of the socket extension. </p>
<p>In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name. </p>
<p>HARRY A. DOUGLAS. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1441985-A
|
US-42196420-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23672810
| 1923-01-09
| 1920-11-05
| 1923-01-09
|
43/88.
|
A01M23/26
|
A01M23/26
|
HENRY LANE
|
Animal trap
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Jan. 9, 1923.. </p>
<p> 1,441,985. H. LANE. </p>
<p>ANIMAL TRAP. </p>
<p>FILED NOV. 5,1920. </p>
<p>lli atented ilan. F, </p>
<p> mum Mi HENRY LANE, F 'VETlEDFHEFFTFJLD, ENGLAND. </p>
<p>.hNlElllllAlD TRAP. </p>
<p>Application filed November 5, 1920. No. 421,964. </p>
<p>To all whom if; may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that T, Hunter LANE, a subfect oi? the. King oft Great Britain, residing at lllagle Works, Wednesficld, in the coituity ct Stafford, England, have invented. certain. new and useful Improvements in Animal Traps (tor which I have filed applications in Great Britain, llo. lehhlioil, dated Noveniher 7, 1919, and in Australia, Serial lo. i l-$51, iiled February 4, 1920); and l do hereby declare that the following is a hill, clear, and exact description of the same. </p>
<p> My invention comprises improvements in animal traps and refers to that class which employ a spring eitherot wire or strip metal and a sheet metal base, the object 01'? the present invention being to more rigidly secure the extremities of the wire or strip to the base in an improved, simpler and stronger manner and to provide general improvements in such traps. </p>
<p> According to this invention I press out a tongue piece from the base member to pro vide an opening through. which one end of the spring is passed, the said bent tongue portion being afterwards bent back into its normal position so as to engage the end of the spring whereby the latter is secured firmly y to the base member. </p>
<p> The platform bearing surface for the treadle and the retaining notch tor the pawl are all "formed from one piece of sheet metal, the bearing surface for the treadle being of channel section, the two opposite flanges (it which are disposed substantially vertically and project below the platform, the said flanges being connected to the platform by web portions. The pawl is mounted on a bridge piece extending across the bifurcated curled or bent over end of a transverse member secured to the base. The transverse member is secured by means oi tongue pieces or pieces pressed out thereof and passing through holes in the base member, being riveted over on the other side. </p>
<p>Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of a base member with a wire spring in place ready to be lined. </p>
<p> Figure 2 is a similar view of the finished trap. </p>
<p> Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 2 but showing a strip sprin Figure t is a section at 4 in Figure l. p </p>
<p>Figure 5 is a section at 5-5 in Figure 3. </p>
<p> Figure 6 is perspective view of the plat form oi the trap. </p>
<p> Figure 7 is a similar view of retaining pawl. </p>
<p> Figure 8 illustrates the means for pivotally securing the pawl. </p>
<p> Figure 9 is section through the transverse platiform supporting member. </p>
<p> Tn carrying my invention into practice as illustrated. upon the accompanying drawings at Figures 1, 2 and d the base member 1 and the wire spring .2 are of the usual shape, the base member having its two extremities 8 bent up at right angles and'the wire being coiled up in the middle, and having one end l adapted to be secured to the base member while the other end 5 terms a loop which engages with the jaws 6 of the trap in the well known manner. </p>
<p> One of the upright ends 3 of the base meu'iber has a square tongue portion 8 bent out oi? it as seen in Figure 1, the metal being split along three lines to enable this to be done, the portion being bent along the fourth line of the square. This provides a hole through which the ends of the springs can he passed. The extremities of the spring are preferably bent. down so that when the spring is in position these pass through holes 10 in the base plate being riveted over on their as under sides. The portion. 8 is now bent back into its normal position as shown in Figure 2 whereby the ends of the spring will be gripped between. this portion and the main part of the base. </p>
<p> lit desired and as illustrated notches it may be provided adjacent the two lower corners of the bent out portions into which the two parts of the spring may lit, the holes being of smaller diameter than that of the wire so that it will be gripped by the bent out portion. </p>
<p> In Figure 3 the application to a strip metal spring is illustrated, the part 8 here again being reduced width to be passed through, the entreniity of the latter beng bent down to pass through a slot 13 in the base member, the portion 8 being bent down as before to fix the spring. </p>
<p> The base member has a transverse member 15 of welldmown form, as shown clearly in Figure 2, being secured to the base membent. up to allow the end 12 oil? The platform whereby the spring is her by the tongue pieces l6, 17 which are pressed out of the said member and pass through holes in the basemen'iber being riveted over on the under side as shown in Figure 9. </p>
<p> Adjacent one end of the said transverse member an upwardly extending lug 18 is secured by riveting or otherwise, this lug being the pivot member for the )lJft-fOllH. 19 shown in Figures 2 and 6 is made of sheet metal and has its one side bent to provide two vertical walls 20, 21 adapted to fit around the aforementioned lug to which it is secured by a pin or the like 22 passing through holes in the vertical Walls and a hole 25 in the lug. The platform is also provided with a notch 26 adjacent the pivot to receive the nose oi? the pawl to he hereinafter explained. </p>
<p> The end of the transverse iember extends upwardly at right angles to the main part as shown at 28 and the extremity is bent over upon itself at 29. slot 30 is out in this end member leaving a bridge portion 3]. on the end of the bent over part as clearly shown in Figure 8. This bridge portion serves as a pivot for the pawl 33 which shown in Figure '4" is formed from a single piece of sheet metal having an extension 3% of reduced width, which is bent around the bridge portion 31 to pivotally secure it. </p>
<p> To set the trap the looped end of the spring is depressed out of engagement with the jaws of the trap, the 1611 being opened to an approximately horizontal position, one of them being maintained in such position against the action of the spring by the engagement thereover of the pawl which latter is then engaged in the notch 26 of the platform 19. </p>
<p> It will be apparent that when the weightof an animal acts upon the platform, it will be depressed, so that the pawl 33 is released. :treed toclose the aws. </p>
<p>Claimsz- 1.3m animal {rap cmnpr ing l sheet metal base member. a pair oi" jaws pivoted to said base. means for retaining said jaws in an open position. said means being I'Olttlsable by the weight of an animal. a spring ending to close said jaws. one end of sa d spring passing thrmigh an opening in the base member. and a partially son-red Tongue on s base which engages \viih the end oi' the spring and serves to grip it between ibis portion and the main part of the hasc incur her. and n l' :h0;-; in the end oi said tongue adapted to it around the said spring. </p>
<p> 3.1%.11 animal trap rmnprising :1 sheet metal base, a p: ir ot jaws pivoted to said base, a spring tending to close said jaws. means for retaining said jaws in open position. said retaining means being rcleusalilc by the weight of an animal and including pivoted pawl and a platform pivoted to vertical lug, said platform llflll'lfj pressed from sheet metal with an integral downwardly projecting flange the central portion of which is pressed outwardly to form a. curved nose of channel section forming :1 hollow pivot lug adapted to fit over said vertical lug and the curved edge of said nose being notched to receive the tree end oi said pawl. </p>
<p>In witness. whereof I afiix my signature. </p>
<p>HENRY LANE. </p>
<p>ill </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-387264-A
|
US-387264D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2456247
| 1888-08-07
| null | 1888-08-07
|
285/148.1
| null |
F16L13/126
| null |
Centrifugal pump
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>E. L. STREAM. </p>
<p>GENTRIFUGAL PUMP. </p>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p>Patented Aug. 7, 1888. </p>
<p>N. paens mamnmaguphw. wa mman. u. c. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>EDGAR LOUIS STREAM, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. </p>
<p>CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,264,\j3ated August 7, 1888. </p>
<p>Application filed March 31, ISES. </p>
<p>To @ZZ whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Beit known that I, EDGAR Lo`UIs STREAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon. </p>
<p> .The present invention has reference to that class of centrifugal pumps in which the suction pipe or elbow thereof is bolted to the side of the casing. Where the elbow is on the side of the casing, it is sometimes necessary to raise and lower the suction-pipe, which hangs on an angle, without taking off any of the pipe, which is usually accomplished by attaching a rope to the foot-valve and pulling it up, and when the bolts have to be taken out it requires the assistance of several laborers to hold the pipe in place, and then it can only be moved to the next bolt-hole. </p>
<p> It is the object of the present invention to remedy these difficulties and the labor necessary to adj ust said suction-pipe; and it therefore consists in thepart-icular manner of attaching the elbow of the suction-pipe to the side of the pump-casing, whereby it can be readily and quickly adjusted to change its height as circumstances require, as will be hereinafter described and claimed. </p>
<p> I have shown in the drawing a perspective View of a centrifugal pump with my improvement in section to more clearly show its construction, the casing of the pump being shown at A. A pipe-section, B, is bolted to the side of the casing A, over the opening thereof, said section having a circular ange, a, through which pass the bolts b by which said section is securely held in place. This pipe-section has screw-threads upon its exterior to receive ajam-nut or ring, O, which may be provided is provided at its lower end with a flange, d, </p>
<p>serial No.26a193. (Nomar-.1.) </p>
<p>for attaching thereto the suction-pipe by means of bolts in the usual manner; and the opposite end of the elbow has a similar liange, e, for attaching thereto, by bolts or other suitable means, an interior screw-threadedflange, E, the threads thereon engaging with those on the pipe-section B. In attaching this connection to the casing A of the pump, the pipe-section B is first securely bolted to the casing, after which the jam-nut or ring C is screwed on far enough to allow the flange E to engage the threads on the extremity of the section,and then the flange e of the suction-elbow is bolted or otherwise fastened to the flange E and adjusted to the position desired. The nut or ring C is now screwed against the ange by means of a lever-wrench or other suitable tool, which holds the suction-elbow in place. </p>
<p> The screw-threads on the pipe-section and the screw-flange on the suction-elbow enables a connection between the two that will admit of the easy and quick adjustment of the elbow withoutremoving any of the bolts or detaching the elbow,andit is held in this adj usted position by the jam-nut or ring C. l </p>
<p> Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- </p>
<p> The combination, with the casing of a centrifugal pump and a screw-threaded pipe-section provided with a ange, a, connected to the side thereof around or over the opening in the casing by the bolts b, of a suction-elbow formed with ange e, the interiorly-threaded ange E, secured to the iiange e and engaging the threads of the pipe-section, and the interiorly-threaded nut or ring C, independent of the flange E and adjustable on the pipe-section and adapted to be jammed against the back of the flange E,substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified. </p>
<p> In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>EDGAR LOUIS STREAM.. </p>
<p>' Witnesses: </p>
<p>ANDREW HERO, .I r., EUGENE DowTY. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2836658-A
|
US-28514352-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23092919
| 1958-05-27
| 1952-04-30
| 1958-05-27
|
370/345.
|
G01M3/26
|
H04J1/12
|
NELSON WEINTRAUB
|
Multichannel communication systems
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>May 217, '195-8'Y N. WEINTRAUB MULTICHANNEL zCOMMUIMICMION SYSTEMS Filed April 50, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 27, 1958 N. WEINTRAUB MULTICHANNEL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Apr-11 so, 1952 Filed UELAYL//VE INPUT A DELAY LINE 7A P#/ ouTPL/'T M00. #l SAWMOTH /NPl/T M00 D PULSE OUTPUT l VAR/ABLE WITH PEPAGATION TIME PULSE SHAPE/2 E /NPf/T ZUZ PULSE SHAPE? OUTPUT @all-l DELAY LINE MPa?? To aEMoD. FoR CHANNEL# OUTPUT T/ME INVENTOR NELSN WENTAUB /Qf'yf 7 ATTORNEY United States Patent C MULTICHANNEL Cos/nviUNicarioN esternare Nelson Weintraub, Irvington, N. i, assigner to international Telephone and 'eiegraph Corporation, a corporation of Maryiand Application April 30, 1952, erial No. 235,143 </p>
<p>8 Qiairns. (Cl. 179-15) This invention relates to a control arrangement such as in a multichannel communication system and more particularly to a pulse time modulation system employing in the termiuai equipment a single delay line for sets of circuits such as both the adjacent multiplex modulator and multiplex demodulator sections. </p>
<p> Heretofore pulse time modulation system terminals employed therein a separate delay device to activate the multiplex modulator to produce the multichannel pulse wave and a separate delay device to activate the multiplex demodulator to aid in the separation of a multichannel pulse Wave into separate trains of modulated pulses ano reproduce therefrom the modulating signal. Furthermore, in the multiplex demodulator herebefore ernployed, there is needed a marker separator and pulse generator circuit which amplifics and shapes the incoming pulse wave from the R.F. receiver, delivers the ampiilied and reshaped pulse wave to channel demodulator units, separates the marker pulse from the incoming pulse wave, and generates from the marker pulse control pulses, one for alarm and one for each individual channel demodulator. To accomplish these functions, the marker separator and pulse generator circuit includes at least nine electron discharge devices and associated circuitry. </p>
<p> l have discovered that the duplication of delay devices and employment of a complicated markerseparator and pulse generator circuit is not necessary in a pulse time modulation system for desired multichannel communication Where the multiplex modulator and muitiplex demodulator are adjacent, such as in the terminal equipment employed therein. Therefore, it is an object of my invention to provide a simpliiied pulse communication terminal system; and a further object is to provide terminal equipment which employs the same delay device and multichannel pulse sources for sets of circuits such as both the modulators and demodulators of the terminal. </p>
<p> A feature of this invention is the employment of an oscillator aud a pulse generator to produce a base pulse including a normal positive-going pulse for generation of the marker pulse plus a negative-going pulse, delayed a predetermined amount from the M pulse to demodulate the channel pulses of the multichannel pulse Wave signal received by the RFF. receiver. </p>
<p> Another feature o5 this invention is the delay device common to both the adjacent multiplex modulator and multiplex demodulator to produce a series of positivegoing and negative-going pulses in a time sequence for application to respective modulator units and demodulator units. </p>
<p> A further feature of this invention is the elimination of the marker separator-pulse generator circuit of systems heretofore proposed and the substitution of a pulse Shaper for properly shaping the incoming multichannel pulse Wave prior to application tothe multiplex demodulator. </p>
<p> The above-mentioned and other features Vand objects of this invention will become more apparent by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: </p>
<p> Fig. l is a block diagram of an adjacent multiplex modulator and multiplex demodulator employed in a pulse time modulation system following the principles of this invention; </p>
<p> Fig. 2 illustrates graphically the functions of Fig. l; and </p>
<p>Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of s unit A of Fig. l. </p>
<p> Referring to Fig. l, an embodiment of the terminal equipment of a pulse time modulation system is shown which incorporates 23 active channels plus one marker pulse channel for communication purposes. The application of this invention is not necessarily restricted to this number of active channels, but will be employed herein for the purpose of explanation. </p>
<p> In accordance with this invention, pulse time modulation terminal equipment, comprising the multiplex modulator 1 and the multiplex demodulator 2 in an adjacent relationship, employs a common delay line 3 and a source 4 of complex base pulses for production of the channel pulses to be modulated in modulator 1 and for separating the different channels into separate trains of modulated pulses for reproduction of the original signals in demodulator 2. The output from modulator 1 is coupled to the R.F. transmitter 5 for transmission of the multichannel pulse Wave in one direction of the radio link., While a similar multichannel pulse wave will be received in R.F. receiver 6 going in the opposite direction on the radio link. </p>
<p> The complex base pulse source 4 for a 23 active channel system herein illustrated comprises a base frequency oscillator and puse generator 7 and a Unit A for production of the positive M pulses and a negative counterpart, as shown by pulses 8 and 9, respectively, herein at an 8 kc. rate. The operation of this source 4 is as follows. Oscillator and pulse generator '7 produce a square Wave pulse 8 which is coupled to Unit A, the pulse converter unit, wherein the positive-going pulse is converted to a pulse substantially as indicated by complex base pulse 10 of Fig. 1 and curve A of Fig. 2 to provide the appropriate pulse input to the microsecond delay line 3. Fig. 3 illustrates schematically an embodiment of such a circuit. Pulse 8 is coupled to electron discharge device 137, shown herein to be of the pentode type, but may be any type to achieve the desired result of pulse production herein required, through terminal 138 from generator '7. The anode 139 of device 13S is coupled to a 3.5 microsecond delay line 140 terminated in a short circuit. rqihis shorted termination lor delay line etectively produces a reected pulse 9, out of phase with respect to pulse 8. Thus, the output from anode i355 is substantially as shown in curve A of Fig. 2 but 180 out of phase as shown by pulse 141 in Fig. 3. For proper operation of the overall systems, it is required that the width of M pulse or pulse 3 be less than the delay of delay line 140. Therefore, the Width of pulse 8 and the delay shown herein is not the only combination available as long as the above-mentioned requirement be maintained. In the embodiment of the pulse converter unit herein illustrated, the actual deiay and conversion takes place at one point, at the anode 139. As mentioned above, pulse 141 is 180 out of phase with pulse 10 of Fig. 1.` To invert pulse 141, it is necessary to employ electron discharge device 142` As illustrated, device 142 is a pentode type device but may be any type to perform the inversion and maintain a gain of approximately one or less with the associated circuitry illustrated. Thus, with device 142 having a gain of approximately one and device 137 having a gain slightly higher than one, </p>
<p>l tem. </p>
<p>the overall gain of unit A will be approximately one, which when pulsed by pulse 8 of sucient amplitude, say 120 volts, the pulse l@ to device 3 will not exceed this amplitude. The pulse 10 shown in curve A, the output at terminal 143,( indicates the approximate duration'of the pulses S and 9, and the approximate required delay between the leading edges of these pulses for the system herein being described. </p>
<p> Delay line 3 includes 24 taps for removing activating pulses in a predetermined time relationship, one tap to activate Ythe marker pulse generator 11 of modulator 1 and the other taps to provide successively delayed pulses, similar to pulse 10, for activation of the channel modulator units 12-34. The marker generator 11 may be any Vsuitable device capable of producing Ya pair of marker pulses, each pulse of the pair being of very short dura tion and being spaced closely together so as to be distinguished from the channel pulses. YSuch a marker generator is described inV the patent to D. D. Grieg, No. 2,485,591, OctoberV 25, 1949, entitled MultichannelSys- Themarker generator employed herein and described fully in the above-cited patent may be activated fromy any pulse source, but preferably from the same source as used for producing the signal modulated channel pulses,` such as source Aherein illustrated.Y In such a case, theY pulse l@ may be coupled to a suitable reflecting delay line contained in generator 11 to produce two positive pulses of very short duration and spaced very closely together. it is important that the time spacing between the Atwo pulses of the marker pair is less than the space between them and any other pulses or between any otherl Y The modulator units `12-34 may be any suitable device activated 'by a pulse source and signal energy from signal sources for production of time modulated channel pulses. </p>
<p>Such'a modulator unit is shown and describedV in Ythe previously cited Grieg patent, and further embodiments adaptable `to the present invention may be found in the patents toVE.VI.ajbiuV No. 2,445,783, July 27, 1948, Ven- Vtitled Transmission Systems; E. Labin-D. D. Grieg, No. 2,429,631, October 28,Y 19.47, entitled fModulator'System;,and rl3; M. Deloraine-J. L. l'iearing,v No. 2,429,613, October ,28,`l947, entitled Pulse Multiplex CommunicationSystemff i By reason of thefresistor 35 and capacitor 36, the input to modulator unit 12 Vis sawtooth in shapefasV shown by pulse 37 in curve C of Fig. 2. The positive-goingipulse 38 produces, in the manner described by the above-cited VV41163 fto@produce a VKtime displacementfof the various channel pulses 'from' theirrespective 'quiescent points, the </p>
<p>Y tion time is less than the arbitrary case selected, then ythe f displacementsthereof.being Vrepliesentative oftheY modul lating signal energies. 'I-heseY time modulated channel Y pulses are, applied to mixer 674 ,'whereinthe pulses of the variouschannels plus theV marker pulse are amplified and interleavedfina timeY VrelationshipY establishedfby delay 4 Y device 3. The mixer 64 may be similar to the mixer employed inthe above-cited Patent No. 2,485,591` to D. D. Grieg. The mixer 64 shouldV comprise therein a suitable device for interleaving or combining the trains of pulse from the separate channel modulators 12-34 plus the marker pulse from generator 11, so that the energy in one channel pulse train will not be fed Iback into the circuit of anotherY Suitable means for accomplishing this is to provide a parallel arrangement of 'triodes in which the separate pulse trains are applied to the appropriate grids of the plurality of triode's and the plate circuits thereof are combined. The'r'esultlng output from! mixer 64, shown inY pulse train 65 of Fig-1 wherein the channel pulses are in their quiescent positions, is`coupled to the R.F. transmitter 5 for translation of the PTM pulse trains into R.F. energy for transmission over Vthe radio link. </p>
<p>Receiver 6 located in the same equipment as transmitter 5 receives a multichannel pulse wave, similar toV the multichannel pulse wave transmitted, from either a repeater station or another terminal, as the case may be. The receiver 6 output, as seen in curve E `of Fig. 2, is coupled to the pulse Shaper 6a. This pulse train will be variable in time with respect to thepulse driving the 125 microsecond delay line 3, being dependent upon the propagation time of Vthe multi-channel pulse Wavereceived at receiver'. An adjustable delay device 6b is ceiver 6 for application to the demodulator units.66 88,V </p>
<p>replacing nine stages of the marker separator-pulse generator circuits herebefore employed. The output of shaper 6a, Yfor an arbitrary Vcase where the channel #l pulse fallsY approximately 6X5.2 microseconds later tha the M pulse, is shown in curve F of Fig. 2.- Y- </p>
<p>With the arbitrary case shown herein, yinrorder toY demodulate channel #1, it is necessary to apply the output from tap #7 of the delay device 3 and feed this pulse 89, similar to pulse 10a, having a time position equal to 6 5-2 microseconds later than thatV of pulse 10a, to </p>
<p>V demodulator unit 66 which may be of the plug-in type. </p>
<p>The'pulse 89 is shown'incurveG of Fig. 2 compared in time to pulse 10a and in position to Ithe channel #1 I pulse of curve F. Each of the demodulator units 66-88 receives a low impedance pulse train from delay unit 6b. Thus with the aid of the negative portionV of'tap #7 output, pulse 89, the channel #l may be separated and demodulated to reproduce the modulating signal contained inthe channel #l pulse train. Channels 2-23 areV demodulated` in a similar manner by pulses from successive taps of delay line 3, forexample as shownin curves F and G the tap #l output Vwill demodulate channel #19. The tap connected to the channel demodulators depends upon the propagation time of the received signal with respect `to the markerpulse. If thepropagation time of the received signal is greater than the arbitrary case selected, then the tap connected to channel #l demodulator will beadvanced to maybe tap #9 or l0, depending uponV the propagationtime. If the propagatap connected to channel #l demodulator'may be tap #5 Vor 6, depending upon the propagation time. In either Ycase the succeeding channelV demodulators' will be connected to the succeeding delay` taps of device 3 to properly eiect the separation and Vdemodulation ofthe channel V, pulse trains contained in the multichannel 1511156 Wave. Y </p>
<p>TheV demodulator units 66-88 employed herein may beV any device capable of separating the multichannel pulse wave into channel pulse ,trains andperforming a demodu-VY gaseosa lation action thereon to reproduce the modulating signal present in each of the channels. Such a device is described in the above-cited D. D. Grieg Patent No. 2,485,591, and a further embodiment adaptable to this present invention may 'be found by referring to the abovecited E. M. Deloraine and l. L. Fearing Patent No. 2,429,613. </p>
<p> The delay line 3 inputs to demodulator units 66-88 are isolated therefrom by resistors 91-113 so that no elect is felt on the modulator 1 side of the delay device 3. Small timing errors, less than one-half of 5.2 microseconds, which may occur due to the propagation time of the multichannel pulse wave input to receiver 6, are taken care of by partially integrating the pulses from the delay line 3 to the various demodulator units 66-88 with the aid of condensers lili-136 and the resistors 91-1l3 and also by proper manipulation of the delay device 6b. The resulting input to demodulator units 66-88 is substantially as shown by pulse 37 of curve C of Fig. 2. Although the positive portion 38 of the pulse will operate certain portions of the demodulator units 66-88, no harmful elect results in the reproduction of the channels audio intelligence since the effect of the positive portion of pulse 37 is removed by clipping at a predetermined level prior to the extraction of the audio intelligence. Separation and demodulation of the plurality of channels are effected by the negative part of the pulse from the delay line 3, and the demodulator units 66-88 are eiectively insensitive to positive impulses as described in the above-cited patents relating to demodulators. </p>
<p> Hence, equipment in a pulse time modulation system wherein the multiplex modulator l and the multiplex demodulator 2 are adjacent may be simplified for a system employing therein any desired number of channels. To achieve modulation and demodulation of communication systems following the principles of this invention, there is required the addition of unit A to provide a conversion of the usual base pulse to a complex base pulse having a positive pulse portion and a negative pulse portion delayed therefrom a given amount for employment primarily in the demodulation process, said unit A may comprise a simple delay evice to achieve the proper delay and an electron discharge device to achieve the proper converting operation. By introducing this increase of electron discharge devices and associated circuitry, it is possible to eliminate one of the two delay lines presently being employed in PTM systems and a major portion of the presently employed marker separator-pulse generator circuit. rherefore, the employment of this invention results in a saving of equipment and space necessary to mount the equipment. Not only is a saving accomplished by'employment of this invention, but the process of demodulating the incoming multichannel pulse wave is altered somewhat and made simpler than the process and circuitry involved in the present demodulation systems. </p>
<p> While l have described above the principles of my invention in connection with speciiic apparatus, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that instead of pulse time modulation, other forms of modulation such as pulse amplitude, pulse width, or pulse code may be employed Without departing from the invention. Therefore, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by vvay of example and not as a limitation to the scope of my invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the accompanying claims. </p>
<p>l claim: </p>
<p> l. In a multichannel pulse communication system, a source of gate pulses recurrent at a given repetition frequency having a portion of one polarity and another portion of the opposite polarity, a delay line coupled to said source, said delay line having a plurality of output connections for diierent delay timing, a plurality of channel pulse modulators, a signal source for each of said modulators, means coupling said modulators to cach of said output connections for interleaving the channel pulses Vof Vsaid modulators in a time relation according to the gate pulse portion of said one polarity for transmission as a train of channel pulses, a plurality of demodulators for a received train of channel pulses, and means coupling said demodulators to each of said output connections for electing separation and demodulation of the channel pulses of said received train according to the time relation of the gate pulse portion of said opposite polarity. </p>
<p>. In a communication system according to claim l, wherein said gate pulse source comprises a base repetition frequency oscillator, a pulse generator, and la pulse converter for converting pulses received from said pulse gate pulses each having a pulse portion of v and another pulse portion of the opposite one pulse portion being delayed with respect to the other pulse portion. </p>
<p> 3. En a communication system according to claim l, wherein said means coupling said modulators to said output connections comprises a resistor connected to each or said output connections, a condenser coupled in series between each o said resistors and a reference potential and a conductor means connected between the junction ot said resistor and condenser and said modulators, said resistor and said condenser providing isolation of said modulators from said demodulators and integration of the pulses applied from the said delay device to said modulators. </p>
<p> 4. In a communication system according to claim l, wherein said means coupling said demodulators to said output connections comprises a resistor connected to cach ot' said output connections, a condenser coupled in series between each of said resistors and a reference potential and a conductor means connecting between the junction of said resistor and condenser and said demodulators, said resistor and said condenser providing isolation of said demodulators from said modulators and integration of the pulses applied from said delay device to said demodulators, said demodulators being coupled sequentially to given ones of said output connections depending upon the propagation time of said received train and the pulse timing of said output connections. </p>
<p> 5. in a multichannel pulse communication system, a 45 source of complex gate pulses recurrent at a given repetition frequency each having a second pulse portion delayed with respect to a rst pulse portion, a delay line coupled to said source, said delay line having a plurality oi output connections for different delay timing of said complex gate pulses, a plurality of channel pulse modulators, a signal source for each of said modulators, means coupling said modulators in sequence to each or said output connections for interleaving the channel pulses of said modulators in a time relation according to the first pulse portion of said complex gate pulses for transmission as a train of channel pulses, a plurality of channel pulse separators for a received train of channel pulses, and means coupling said separators in sequence to each of said output connections for effecting separation of the channel pulses of said received train in accordance with the time relation of the secondpulse portion of said complex gate pulses, the sequential conncction of said demodulators starting at an output connection spaced a given number of said output connections from the start of the sequential connection of said modulators. </p>
<p> 6. ln a communication system according to claim 5, wherein said complex gate pulse source comprises a base repetition frequency oscillator, a pulse generator, and a pulse converter for converting pulses received from said pulse generator to said complex gate pulses, the first por-` put connections comprises aY resistor connectedto each- V8.'In a communication system according tolclaim 5, </p>
<p>@wherein said meansvcoupling said separators with said ,output `connections comprises a resistor connected to each ,of said output connections, a condenser coupled in 'series between each of said resistors and a reference potential and'a conductor means connected between the junction Y.of vsaid resistor and condenser `and said separators, said ,resistor and rsaidjconclenser providing isolation Yof,;said </p>
<p> separators, from said rnodulatcnsA and VYintegration ,of the Kpulses.aprflid 1fr9m SadQdelaxdeN/ice torsaird separators, ySaid separators' being cqupled sequentiallypt@ givenfnes of (said output connections'depending uponthe'propagation time pfsaidureceived train and the pulse timingof said output connections. Y i </p>
<p> References'Y Cited inthe lerof this patent l; Y [i UNITED STATESVV PATENTS Y, </p>
<p>2,471,416 Deloraine et al. May 31, 1949 i 2,527,558 Levy V' O CC. 31,1195() V2,541,076 Labinret al. Feb. 13, 1951 2,557,950 Deloraine Iuner26f195'1 2,579,010 Y Staal Oct.`v2,vr1951 </p>
</div>
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en
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US-6149-A
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US-6149D-A
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US
|
A
|
A
|
2066450
| 1849-02-27
| null | 1849-02-27
| null | null |
H02G15/117
| null |
Elijah pratt and raymond graverend
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> PRATT & GRAVEREND. </p>
<p>Suspending Telegraph Wires. </p>
<p>Patented Feb. 27,1849. </p>
<p>.UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, </p>
<p>ELIJAH PRATT AND RAYMOND GRAVEREND, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. </p>
<p>IMPROVEMENT IN SUSPENDIN G TELEGRAPH-WlRES. </p>
<p>Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 6,149 dated February 27, 1849. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that we, ELI-TAR PRATT and RAYMOND GRAVEREND, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvemen tsin SuspendingTelegraph-Wires forGreat Distances; and we do hereby declare that thefollowingisafull,clear,andexactdescriptionofthe principle or character which distinguishes them from all other things before known, and of the usual manner of making, modifying, and using the same, reference being had to the accom panying drawings, in which- Figure l is a side elevation of the suspension-posts and gum-elastic support. Fig. 2 is a method of taking up the slack of the wire. Fig. 3 is a modification of the same. </p>
<p> The nature of our invention consists in suspending a stretched gum-elastic band, cord, or tube on posts or other suitable permanent fixtures, on or through which a wire is suspended in the air for distances of great length for the passage of telegragh-wires across rivers, and in other similar situations. </p>
<p> By experiment we have found that a gumelastic tube or cord stretched to five times its length when in its normal state will suspend a greater. weight than any metallic or other substance according to its weight with which we are acquainted, and that a tube or cord stretched to the degree above named, when sustained on posts in a horizontal line, will, in consequence of its contractile power, remain in a straight line, or nearly so, and be capable of sustaining a small wire, sufficient to convey the current for telegraphic purposes, which passes through it if it is hollow, or is fastened to its outside in any convenient way. This elastic band'will, of course, be subject to be somewhat stretched out and swayed by the wind, and consequently if the wire was made rigid, it would be liable to be broken. </p>
<p>To obviate this difliculty we either coil a portion of the wire into a spiral form at certain intervals, as shown at a, Fig. 2, or we extend it down in a loop at either end, as represented at b, Fig. 3, in which latter case we suspend a sufficient weight to it to enable it to recover position when the elastic cord comes back to place. </p>
<p> Having thus fully described our improvementand its modification, what we claim therein as new, and for which we desire to secure Letters Patent, is </p>
<p> Suspending telegraphic wires across rivers by means of a stretched gum-elastic band or tube, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth. </p>
<p> ELIJAH PRATT. RAYMOND GRAVEREND. Witnesses to the signature of E. Pratt: </p>
<p> J. J. GREENOUGH, WVM. GREENOUGH. Witnesses to the signature of R. Graverend JOHN G. ADAMSON, JAMES F. FINEGAN. </p>
</div>
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en
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US-2648611-A
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US-78702347-A
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US
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A
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A
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25140209
| 1953-08-11
| 1947-11-19
| 1953-08-11
|
106/166.43
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D01F2/08
|
D01F2/08
|
RICHTER JR GEORGE ALVIN
|
Addition of urea to viscose
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM58239053" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="2">
<claim-text>2. AS A FIBER-FORMING COMPOSITION, A MIXTURE OF VISCOSE WITH ABOUT 1 TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF ORGANIC WATER-SOLUBLE MATERIAL CONSISTING OF UREA, THE UREA BEING THE SOLE ORGANIC WATER-SOLUBLE MATERIAL IN THE MIXTURE, SAID COMPOSITION HAVING NORMAL AGEING CHARACTERISTICS.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
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en
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<div>
<p>Juan </p>
<p>Patented Aug. 11, 1953. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Gergxzi j il ift fj i izgz g fia assignor to American Viscoseflorporation, Wilmington, Del-., a corporation" of Delaware No Drawing. Ap iidatimj yo ember 19,1947, Serial No. 787,023" </p>
<p>30laims. (o1. 166L165)" This-invention relates to fibers and yarns com-- prising regenerated cellulose characterized by high breaking toughness and low average"stifi-- ness, and to the production of such fibers and yarns from viscose; </p>
<p> Breaking toughness is defined as the work required to break a given yarn, and has the dimensions gram centimeters per denier centimeter. It is numerically equal to the area under the stress-strain curve obtained from various tensile strength testing machines. Average stiffness is a measure of the extensibility of the yarns at a given load and is numerically equal to the ratio of-thetensile strength at break, to the elongation at break. The terms breaking toughness and average stiffness are explained in detail in the paper by Harold De Witt Smith, published in the Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, vol. 44, 1944, pp. 589-90. </p>
<p> In the past, the production of fibers and yarns from viscose having the combined characteristics of high breaking toughness, and low average'stiffness, has invariably involved changes in' the composition and salt test of the Viscose, as Well as in the spinning conditions, as compared to the Viscoses and spinning conditions normally used 'for'the. production of fibers and yarns. </p>
<p>The object of the present invention is to produce fibers and yarns characterized by high' breaking toughness and low average stiffness from conventional viscoses having normal so- -dium hydroxide and cellulose content, of normal sa1t point (as determined by the standard sodium obtained from a normal viscose of the same sodium hydroxide and cellulose content and salt point, and under the same spinning conditions, but in the absence of urea admixed withthevis cose. </p>
<p> The effective amounts of urea are in the range of from about 1 to 5%, based on the weight of the viscose. </p>
<p>Any normal viscose may be'used. Such normal- 'viscose" have a sodium hydroxide content of from 6 to '8%,-based'on thewei'ght of the viscose, cellulose contentof from 6 to 8%, based on the weightof the viscose, and salt points in the range or frame to 6. </p>
<p> The mixture comprisingviscose and from about 1' to5%' of urea by weight may be spun into adueo'u's' acid spinning baths containing from about8 to'l2% sulfuric acid, from about 2 to 5% zinc sulfate, and from about 16 to 20% sodium sulfate; the baths being maintained at normal temperatures of from about 55 C. </p>
<p> In all instances, the ureaexerts a marked effect upon the breaking toughness and average stiffness' 'o'f the fibers and yarns obtained. However, in generaLthe effects of'the urea are more noticeable in the case'of viscoses having the lower salt points in the range of 3 to 6 stated. The lower the'saltpoint (i. e. the more highly ripene'd or aged the viscose) the greater the increase in the breaking toughness, and the greater the decrease in average stifiness of the fibers an'd yarnsobtained, v i </p>
<p>The urea may be added at any stage in the course of the viscose production, but preferably the1ur'eais admixed with the viscose immediately after its p'roduction and prior to storage thereof for ripening', during storage of the viscose for ripening," on after the viscose has been ripened and immediately prior to spinning the fibers or yarns. The urea does not substantially efi'ect the saltpoint' of the viscose, or the processes which normally take place during ripening thereof. </p>
<p> The following specific examples will serve to illustrate the invention. In carrying out the processes of the'examples, the stress-strain curve mentioned bySmith' (supra) was obtained by means of theScottinclined plane tensile strength testing machine which is described in detail in the'arti'cleby'A. Stuart Hunter, entitled Importanceof Uniformity in the Constant Rate of Loading'iwith the Scott Inclined Plane Serigraph, American'isilkand Rayon Journal, January 1937. </p>
<p>Example 1 About2.5% of ureawas added, with stirring, to arviscosecontaining'about 7.8% sodium hydroxide'andr'about' 7.5% of cellulose, by weight,-' </p>
<p>denier yarn wh'ich 'was 'g-iven a godet stretch of 1 Qn testing," the yarn was found to have a dry breaking toughness of"51.9 gJcm/d. cm. and </p>
<p>average stiffness of 23.2, wet breaking toughness of 28 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 13.6. This compared with a dry breaking toughness of only 38.8 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiflness of 27.2; wet breaking toughness of 20.9 g. -cm./ d. cm., and wet average stiffness of 21.5 for a yarn spun from a viscose of the same composition, under the same conditions, but which did not contain urea. </p>
<p>Emample 2 To a viscose containing 7.8% sodium hydroxide and 7.5% cellulose, and having a salt point of 5.9, there was added 1.25% of, urea by weight. The viscose was then spun into an aqueous bath containing about 11% sulfuric acid, about zinc sulfate, and about sodium sulfate, to produce a 150 denier, filament yarn, which was given a godet stretch of about 69%. The yarn was after-treated in the usual manner, and dried, after which it was tested for breaking toughness and average stiffness. It was found to have a dry breaking toughness of 51.8 g. cm./d. cm., and average stiffnes of 17.0; wet breaking toughness of 37.7 g. cm./d. cm., and wet average stiffness of 9.5. A similar yarn, produced from a viscose of the same salt point and basic composition, but not containing urea, was found to have a dry breaking toughness of only 47.8 g. </p>
<p>cm./d, cm. and average stiffness of 18.7, and wet breaking toughness of 32.3 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 9.9. </p>
<p>Example 3 About 2.5% of urea was added, with stirring, to a viscose containing about 7.8% sodium hydroxide and about 7.5% cellulose, by weight, and having a salt point of 5.1. The viscose was then spun into an aqueous bath containing about 10.6% sulfuric acid, about 3% zinc sulfate and about 18% sodium sulfate to produce a 40 filament, 150 denier yarn which was given a godet stretch of 53%. On testing, the yarn was found to have a dry breaking toughness of 54.4 g. cm./d. cm., and average stiffness of 11.2; wet breaking toughness of 45.7 g. cm./ d. cm., and wet average stiffness of 5.2. This compared with a dry breaking toughness of 48.8 g. cm./d. cm., and average stiffness of 12.6; wet breaking toughness of 34.7 g. cm./d. cm. and Wet average stiifness of 5.7 for a yarn spun from the same viscose, under the same conditions, but in the absence of urea. </p>
<p>Example 4 A yarn was produced from a viscose as described in Example 3, containing 2.5% urea by weight. The spinning conditions were the same as in Example 3 except that the yarn was given a godet stretch of 73%. The yarn had a dry breaking toughness of 51 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 17.5; wet breaking toughness of 36.1 g. cm./d. cm. and Wet average stifiness of 9.5, as compared to a dry breaking toughness of 37.7 g. cm./ d. cm. and average stiffness of 20.6, and wet breakin toughness of 24.2 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 11.5, for a yarn produced under the same conditions, from a viscose of the same cellulose and sodium hydroxide content, but not containing urea. </p>
<p>7.3% cellulose, and having a salt point of 5.4. The viscose having the urea admixed with it was then spun into an aqueous bath containing about 11.1% sulfuric acid, about 4.8% zinc sulfate, and about 19.8% sodium sulfate, to produce a 40 filament, denier yarn which was given a stretch of about 44% between godets. This yarn had a dry breaking toughnes of 48.1 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 10.4; wet breaking toughness of 40.3 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 4.9. A similar yarn, from a viscose of the same sodium hydroxide and cellulose content, and of the same salt point, obtained under the same conditions, but in the absence of urea admixed with the viscose, had a dry breaking toughness of only 45 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 13.5; wet breaking toughness of 33.6 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 5.9. </p>
<p>Example 6 5% of urea was added with stirring to a vis cose containing about 7.5% sodium hydroxide: and about 7.6% cellulose, and having a salt point of 5.4. The viscose was then spun into an aque-- ous bath containing about 10.9% sulfuric acid, about 4.7% zinc sulfate, and about 20% sodium. sulfate, to produce a 40 filament, 150 denier yam which was given a godet stretch of about 65%.. The yarn was then after-treated and dried in the usual way. The dried yarn had a dry breaking: toughness of 51.4 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of only 14.9; wet breaking toughness of 32.2; g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 4.9.. Yarn obtained from a viscose of the same fundamental composition but which did not contain'. urea was found to have a dry breaking tough-- ness of only 44.4 g. cm. /d. cm. and average stiffness as high as 18.8; wet breaking toughness of" 25.5 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness. of 9.8. </p>
<p>As is apparent from the foregoing examples; </p>
<p>the fibers and yarn spun in accordance with the. conventional wet spinning technique from a viscose containing the indicated small amounts of urea are distinguished by increased breaking? toughness and decreased average stiffness by vir-- tue of which they are especially well adapted; to use in which they are subjected to severe: stresses and strains, such as the flexing to which: yarns comprising tire cords are exposed. The fibers and yarns have generally increased tensile: strengths ranging from about 2.7 to 3 gms/denier and high elongations of from about 17 to 23%. </p>
<p> As has been indicated, the salt point of the viscose may be from 3 to 6, and the amount of. urea present may be from 1 to 5%. Generallyspeaking, the influence of the urea on the breaking toughness and average stiffness of the yarns:v and fibers obtained from any given viscose con-' taining normal amounts of cellulose and sodium. hydroxide, within the ranges indicated, is most?- pronounced, the lower the salt point of the viscose. within the stated range of 3 to 6. At salt points; of from say, 3 to 4, the effects of the urea on. the breaking toughness and average stiffness are: more pronounced even when the urea is present; in the smaller amounts. </p>
<p> The urea exerts its modifying effects on the properties of the fibers either prior to or duringtheir spinning or at any rate prior to final setting up of the fibers. The fibers, after their with-- drawal from the bath and after-processing in; accordance with the usual procedures, including: final washing, are found to be substantially en-- tirely free of urea. </p>
<p> Since it will be obvious that changes and varia-- tions maybe made incarrying out the invention,. </p>
<p> t hi 5 it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited except as defined in the appended claims. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. A fiber-forming composition consisting of a mixture of viscose containing, by weight, from about 6 to about 8% of sodium hydroxide and from about 6 to about 8% of cellulose, and havin a sodium chloride salt test value of from 3 to 6, with from 1 to 5% by weight of urea. </p>
<p> 2. As a fiber-forming composition, a mixture of viscose with about 1 to 5% by weight of organic water-soluble material consisting of urea, the urea being the sole organic water-soluble material in the mixture, said composition having normal ageing characteristics. </p>
<p> 3. As a fiber-forming composition, a mixture of viscose containing about 6 to about 8% of sodium hydroxide by weight and about 6 to about 8% by weight of cellulose, with about 1 to 5% by weight of organic water-soluble material consisting of urea, the urea being the sole organic water-soluble material in the mixture, the composition having -a. sodium chloride salt point oil 3 to 6. </p>
<p>GEORGE ALVIN RICHTER, JR. </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1594103-A
|
US-70958624-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24850474
| 1926-07-27
| 1924-04-28
| 1926-07-27
|
180/254.
|
B60K17/30
|
B60K17/306
|
MCNEELY MARION G
|
Universal wheel drive
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Jul 27,1926. 1,594,103 </p>
<p>' M. G. M NEELY UNIVERSAL WHEEL DRIVE Filed April 28, 1924 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS IA aa- Patented July 27, 1926. </p>
<p>' Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>MARION e. m-iIEELY, or OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA. </p>
<p>UNIVERSAL WHEEL DRIVE. </p>
<p>Application filed April 28, 1924. Serial No. 709,586. </p>
<p>This invention relates to universal drives ,in general but in particular to such drivesayllien applied to the front wheels of automo- The particular objects of my invention are. to provide a drive of this kind .which will have very little influence onthe steering of the wheels, be compact, dust proof, simple in assembly, rugged in use, efiicient and free from noise. </p>
<p> In general outward appearance the drive is similar to the one shown in my former patent on a front drive for motor vehicles, No. 1,450,099, but varies considerably in in- 1 ternal arrangement of its parts and whereby the im rovements mentioned are effected. </p>
<p> In t e drawings accompanying this specification, Fi ure 1 shows in elevation my universal whee drive applied to the front wheel of an automobile and secured to the axle W housing and road springs. Fi ure 2 is an enlarged central section of the drive mechanism in position shown in Figure 1. j 2 Figure 3 is an end view of one of the universal jaws to show its spherical segment form. I </p>
<p> Figure 4: is a plan view of the split gimbal and Figure 5 shows one half of the split g'imbal. v v </p>
<p> By a more detailed consideration of the drawings it will be seen that the axle hous ing (1) supports a oke (2) which has a hub (3) secured to the ousing. On the hub (3) of the yoke is a spring anchor plate (3) to which the vehicle road springs (32) are secured to support the frame of the vehicle. </p>
<p> The housing 1) forms one of the axle extension coverings from a common diflerential housing not shown, and from the differential within the axle housing extends a driving axle (4). Secured to the yoke (2) by trunnion pivots (5) at diametrically opposite vertical points is a large ring shaped 6 (10) and the outer shell (9) hasa spindle double thrust and radial ball bearing (6).- This bearing, is made of three parts plus 9 forming a (11) projecting centrally therefrom and non-rotatablysupporting the front wheel (12) of the automobile. The two shells being bolted to the inner ball bearing member revolve with it when the wheel revolves, the yoke meanwhile hold ing the outer members on the-vertical trunnions (5) to permit steering the wheel by means'of the forked steering rod (13) pivoted to the hearing by a clip (14) 'secilred thereto. I j j The driving axle (4). is rotatably mounted within the housing (1) and has a square or other angular or splined extension (4) projecting within the spherical enclosure, and the outer shell (9) has a similar square driving stub (15) integrally formed thereon and also projecting within the enclosure. </p>
<p> Connecting the squared axle (4) and stub (15) is a universal joint especially formed to fit within the spherical enclosure. This joint comprises trunnion jaws or arms (16) and (17 each being outwardly formed to the spherical curvature of the enclosure and having internal hubs (18) and (19 with a square driving hole, one hub 18 engaging the axle and (4) and the other the stub (15) at right angles to each other as-shown in Figure 2. </p>
<p>These hubs fit smoothly over their respec- 55 the shaft ends so that they are free to. </p>
<p>slightly adjust themselves to prevent bind-- ing of the joint. </p>
<p>. At the outer ends of the arms 16) and (17 are inwardly projecting trunnion ins (20) and (21) and overla ping the our pins is a split gimbal ring 22): This ring (22) is shown clearly in Figures 4 and 5 and comprises two duplicate halves with enlargements (23) forming bearings foreach trunnion. The halves are divided along a line passing through the center of the pins (as shown in Figure 2) and secured together by four bolts or screws (24). </p>
<p> Figure 5 shows one of the halves only, and at (25) will be seen two lugs formed integral with the side. These lugs are adapted to project over the edge of the other half when the halves are placed together and seat themselves against finished flat spots (26) on the opposite ring half, thus firmly lockin them against displacement or possibility of binding the trunnion bearings shoul the bolts not be a tight fit. </p>
<p>In practice the ring halves will be assembled over the pins with. suitable shims (27) between them so that they may be adjusted for wear of the bearings. v </p>
<p> The drive runs in grease and the shells seal against the inner edges of the stationary parts (6) of the bearings by spring rings (28) while additional rings (29) between the bearing members seal the lubricant in the ball races, and a spherical cup orplate (30) held against the shell (8) by a spring (31). seals the opening (10) yet permits freedom of the drive on the trunnions (5) for steering. </p>
<p> The ease of assembly or removal of the wearing parts of my drive is one of the princi al advantages of the invention, and it Wlll be noted that if the outer shell (9) is unbolted from the hearing, all the universal elements may be withdrawn through the forward opening so that the assembly may be placed on a work bench and the split ring (22) may be renewed or tightened over the pins (20) and the complete universal unit easily replaced within the shell, and that when in the shell enclosure the universal element having no outward projections fits nicely within the enclosureso as tobe stabilized thereby yet is free enough for slight axial movement on the square driving shafts to insure freedom from binding of its operating parts. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> In a universal wheel drive of the character described an annular bearing having shells secured to opposite sides thereof forming an enclosure therebetween, one of said shells bein axially removable from the bearing and liaving a wheel supporting spindle projecting therefrom in the axial line of the bearing and a driving lug projectin within the enclosure, an axial opening in the other shell with a driving shaft projecting within the enclosure and a complete universaljoint within the enclosure engaging the driving lug and the shaft and being free for slight axial movement therein, the universal joint being axially removable from the enclosure upon removing one of the shells, said universal joint having opposed jaws with inwardly extending trunnion pins embraced by a split gimbal ring divided on a plane passing through the longitudinal axes of the pins, the halves of said ring each having lugs formed thereon engaging the opposite half of the ring when placed together. </p>
<p>MARION G. MCNEELY. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-675529-A
|
US-1900030788-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2744079
| 1901-06-04
| 1900-09-22
| 1901-06-04
|
101/392.
| null |
B41B1/18
|
SEIPEL PHILIP
|
Printer's chase.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>No. 675,529. Patented lune 4, 190|. P. SEIPEL. </p>
<p>PRINTERS CHASE. </p>
<p> (Application led Sept. 22, 1900.) (No Mod-al.) </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>PHILIP SEIPEIJ, OF VATERTOWN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALE TO J. FRANK LEE, O </p>
<p>E SAME PLACE. </p>
<p>SPEGEFLGATION forming part of Letters :Patent No. 675,529, dated June 4, 1901. </p>
<p>Application tiled September 22, 1900. Serial No. 30,788. (No model.) </p>
<p>To @ZZ whom, 2325 may concern.- </p>
<p> Be it known that I, PHILIP SEIPEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Watertown, in the county of Jefferson and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Printers Chase, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> This invention relates to printers chases; and it has for its object to provide a construcro tion wherein the chase is composed of a numberof separable parts which maybe variously connected to form chases of different sizes and forms, and wherein the parts may be readily assembled and disassembled, and when assembled will be held securely in position. </p>
<p> Further objects and advantages of the invention are evident from the following description. </p>
<p> In the drawings forming a portion of this 2o specification, and in which like numerals of reference indicate similar parts in both views, Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view through the complete chase and showing the means for holding the parts in their proper positions. Fig. 2 is a plan View showing the chase adjusted to a smaller size. </p>
<p> Referring now to the drawings, the present chase comprises a plurality of sticks 5 and 6, of which the sticks 5 are shown as outside sticks and the sticks 6 as inside sticks, although they are the same in every respect. Each of the sticks 5 and G has a central perforation 7, formed longitudinally thereof, and, furthermore, each of said sticks has a dovetail lug S at one end and a dovetail socket 9 at its opposite end. </p>
<p> Cooperating with the sticks 5 and 6 are corner-pieces 10 in the form of right angles, one end of each corner-piece having a dovetail 4o lug 11, while the opposite end has a dovetail recess 12, the lugs and recesses of the sticks being adapted for engagement with the lugs and recesses of the corner-angles. Thus when it is desired to form a square chase of a given size four of the sticks may be engaged with four of the corner-pieces to form the chase. Each corner-piece has one perforation formed longitudinally through one leg thereof for alinement with the perforation through the 5o engaged stick, while the second leg of the corner-piece has a recess in its outer end for alinement with the longitudinal perforation of the stick that is engaged therewith. Thus when the four sticks and the four cornerpieces are engaged screws 13 may be passed 55 through the alining perforations and recesses of the coruer-pieces and sticks and into the recesses of the corner-pieces which register therewith, said recesses being threaded to hold the screws in place, and by this means lateral 6o displacement of the parts ofthe structure will be prevented. </p>
<p> In addition to the sticks and corner-pieces there are provided T connections 14, the ends of the heads of which are provided one with a dovetail lug l5 and the other with a dovetail recess 16, while the stems thereof are all provided with dovetail recesses 17. These T connections are provided with perforations 18, formed longitudinally through their heads 7D and additional perforations 20, formed longitudinally through the stems and. passing transversely through the heads, the perforations thus intersecting. The T connections are used when it is desired to form a chase for printing a number of folios, and in this case if four folios are to be printed the four corner-pieces have each two sticks 5 engaged therewith, the outer ends of these sticks being engaged with the heads of the T connec- 8o tions. Long screws 21 are then passed through the sticks7 the head of the T connection, and one leg of the corner-'piece at each side of the chase and into the recess of the leg of the 0pposite corner-piece, so that the outer frame of the chase is held firmly together. With the stems of the T connections are engaged sticks 6, and the inner ends thereof which are recessed receive the dovetail lugs 22 at the ends of a central cross-piece 23, the legs of 9o which are provided with recesses. </p>
<p> The entire framework is put together before any of the locking screws or rods are put in place, and before placing the screws 21 v short rods 24 are engaged with the perforaf- 95 tions, which aline in the sticks G and the stems of the T connections and the recesses in the central cross-piece. The screws 2l are then put in place and act to hold the rods against displacement. </p>
<p> If the four-folio chase is to be changed to a two-folio chase, the four corner-pieces may be' IOO used With two T connections and the proper number of sticks 5 and 6 to form the chase, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. </p>
<p> With this construction it will be seen that there is provided a construction of chase that may be readily adapted to use under various conditions and it Will of course be understood that in practice various modifications of the specific construction shown may be made and that any suitable materials and proportions may be used for the various parts Without departing from the spirit of the invention. </p>
<p>What is claimed is- 1. A sectional chase comprising a frame including members separably connected, crosspieces separably connected With the frame and with each other, means for holding the members of the frame in cooperative relation, and means for holding the cross members in position, the first-named holding means being disposed to hold the second-named holding means in position. </p>
<p> 2. A sectional chase comprising a frame including separable members having longitudinal perforations therethrough, bolts engaged with the members for holding them in cooperative relation, vcross-pieces separably connected with each other and with the sides of the frame, said cross-pieces having longitudinal perforations and the frame having perforations alining with the perforations of the cross-pieces and communicating with the longitudinal perforations of the sides of the 3. A sectional chase comprising members 4o having sockets and lugs the sockets and lugs of different members being adapted for interchangeable engagement by lateral movement of the members, said members having also recesses and perforations formed longitudinally thereof, and rods engaged With the alining recesses and perforations to hold the members against lateral movement With respect to each other to disconnect them. </p>
<p> 4. A chase comprising a central cross-piece having recesses in its ends, angular cornerpieces, each havinga perforation formed longitudinally through one leg and a recess formed in the end of the second leg, T connections each having perforations formed longitudinally through its head and stem, sticks having y longitudinal perforations therethrough, said members having dovetail connections, and rods engaged with the alining perforations and recesses to hold the dovetail connections against displacement. </p>
<p> In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto afiixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>PHILlP SEIPEL. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>HERBERT C. TEEPELL, I-IARTLEY D. SMITH. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3079397-A
|
US-86245059-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
25338509
| 1963-02-26
| 1959-12-29
| 1963-02-26
|
548/366.1
|
C07D231/20
|
C07D231/20
|
MISANI FIORDALISI FERNANDA
|
Process for preparation of certain 4, 4-disubstituted pyrazolones
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57742457" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. THE PROCESS OF PREPARING 4,4-DISUBSTITUTED PYRAZ OLONES OF FORMULA</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
|
en
|
<div>
<p> 3,079,397 PRGCESS EUR PREPARATIQN F CERTAHN 4,4=QESUBSTETUTED YYRAZGLQNES Fernanda Misani Fiordalisi, es Tarnaqnes Way, Westfieid, NJ. No Drawing. Filed Dec. 29, 1959, er. No. 862,450 2 (Zlaims. ((Il. see-sis Structure I is present in several substituted pyrazolones which are widely known and used as antipyretic agents. Antipyrine, tolypyrine, aminopyrine, melubrine are some of the most important members of this series. All these compounds are characterized by the presence of a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen atom in the l-position and a methyl group in the 3-position. The 4-position is usu ally, but not necessarily, substituted, because for instance it is unsubstituted in antipyrine and tolyprine. The nitro gen atom in the 2-position is substituted in antipyrine and melubrine, but it is unsubstituted in aminopyrine. </p>
<p> it seems reasonable to conclude that a phenyl group in the l-position and a methyl group in the 3-position are essential for antipyretic activity, but that substitution in the 4-position is not essential. </p>
<p> Several 4,4-dimethyl derivatives, as well as Pyrazole Blue and Tartrazine, are derived from Formula II. The existence of structure 111 has been invoked to explain the products resulting from methylation with diazornethane or acylation with acid chlorides and alkali, which are O-alkyl and O-acyl derivatives. Several pyrazolone dyes are derived from structure iii. </p>
<p> In spite of the extensive research in the field of pyrazolones, no pharmacological or clinical use has ever been reported for any compound derived from structure II, more specifically for compounds containing two substituents in the 4position. in view of the extensive literature data in the field of pyrazolones and the absence of any physiological activity of the known pyrazolones derived from structure II, it was novel and surprising to find that compounds derived from structure II possess significant value as central depressants and more particularly as anticonvulsants. </p>
<p>" The object of this invention is to prepare 4,4-disubstituted pyrazolones, which are unsubstituted on the two nitrogen atoms. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to describe the novel method used for the preparation of the compounds of the invention. </p>
<p> Other objects of the invention will appear from the specification and examples. </p>
<p>The compounds of the invention have the formula: </p>
<p> 3,7,3? Patented Feb. 25, 1%53 in which R is an alkyl group containing up to four carbon atoms, R is an aryl group and R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a low-molecular-weight alkyl group. It is also possible, according to the invention, that R and R represent the same substituent. </p>
<p> In view of the essential features indicated above, exhibited by compounds having antipyretic activity, that is, a phenyl group on the nitrogen in the 1-position and a methyl group in the 3-position, it was also novel and unforeseeable that the anticonvulsant activity reaches the maximum value in 4-methyl-4-phenyl pyrazolone, that is, a compound which is unsubstituted both on the two nitrogen atoms and in the 3-position. </p>
<p> The anticonvulsant activity of the compounds of this invention may perhaps be explained by the fact that they contain the group that is, these compounds are structurally related to known hypnotics and central depressants. It is not a mere coincidence that this moiety is found for instance in hydantoins, disubstituted barbiturates, oxazolidinediones, hexahydropyrimidinediones, Noludar and Doriden. </p>
<p> The fact that the two substituents in the 4-position of the pyrazolones of this invention are essential to physiological activity is analogous to the barbiturates where S-unsubstituted or S-mOnosubstituted barbiturates are well known to be devoid of any physiological activity. Although the mechanism of action of the compounds of the invention appears to be analogous to the known central depressants, it is to be understood that the scope of this invention is not limited by theoretical consideration of mode of action on the brain centers, mainly because such a mode of action is still little known or inadequately understood. </p>
<p> Anticonvulsant activity is the ability of a compound to prevent epileptic seizures, that is, convulsions accom panied by loss of consciousness, which are known as grand mal epilepsy, and also the ability to control the milder attacks not accompanied by convulsions, known as petit mal. </p>
<p> The method used for the preparation of the compounds of the invention consisted of the reaction of an dflxlisdbstituted ester containing a carbonyl group in the ,B-position with hydrazine, as represented below: </p>
<p>According to this equation, R, R and R" have the same meaning as indicated above, that is, R and R may be the same or different and may be either an alkyl group containing up to four carbon atoms or an aryl group, and R" may be hydrogen or a low-nolecular-weight alkyl group. It is also possible that R and R are the same. </p>
<p> The synthesis of the compounds of this invention offered considerable diiliculties. In Karrer Organic Chemistry (Elsevier Publishing Company), 4th edition (1950), it is stated on page 798: </p>
<p> A very general synthesis of pyrazolone compounds consists in the action of hydrazine or hydrazine derivatives on esters of fi-ketonic acids. If formyl acetic ester is used in place of the latter, the parent substance, the simplest pyrazolone, is formed. </p>
<p> In spite of the statement found inKarrer and in spite of the fact that the literature shows many examples of pyrazolone synthesis from phenylhydrazine and substituted acetoacetic esters, when this basic reaction was applied to the synthesis of the compounds of this invention, using hydrazine and disubstituted fi-ketoor p-formyl esters, the reaction was satisfactory only with the lower members. of the series. For instance, 3,4,4-trimethyl pyrazolone was satisfactorily prepared from dimethyl acetoacetic ester andhydrazine,'but the reaction failed when applied to the dibutyl acetoacetic ester. Essentially, the reaction is' an addition of hydrazine to the carbonyl group, complicated by the basic character of hydrazine, which is a' stronger base than phenylhydrazine, the lack ofenolization in the ester component because the presence of two substitutents in the :x-position' and the relatively higher molecular weight of the two s'ubstituents, that is,the butyl groups instead of methyl groups." The lack "of enolization in the ester component is responsible for the diificulty in the formation of theester-hydrazine transition complex; represented 'below by Formula Bf MB 'wOQEt Hz The high basicity of hydrazine is expected to make the proton transfer from this transition complex A to the compound shown by B more diflicult than in the corresponding complex, where phenylhydrazine is involved. Obviously, the equilibrium is not in favor of the hydrazone formation, and for the pyrazolone synthesis which involves a further cyclodehydration step to give'C. The above mentioned theoretical considerations led to the adoption of the following method. It'was' found that the reaction proceeds satisfactorily by allowing equivalent amounts of'hydrazine and the u disubstituted B-ket'o or fi -formyl ester to react overnight after adjusting the pH to 5, under conditions which provide for the removal of the water formed in the reaction. Thus, decrease of basicity and shifting the equilibrium in favor of the pyraz olone by elimination of the water'formed proved Very advantageous. </p>
<p> The reaction may be conveniently carried out by placing molar equivalents of hydrazine and of the ester component, preferably in a solvent,in a flask provided with a Soxlet extraction apparatus and placing a dehydrating agent in the thimble of the Soxlet extraction apparatus. Calcium oxide and barium oxide are suitable dehydrating agents, but other dehydrating agents, such as magnesium sulfate andcalcium sulfat'e,'may be used. The amount of the dehydrating agent should be suflicient to absorb all the water formed in the reaction, but an excess is preferable, </p>
<p> Obviously, any technique, which allows for the removal of water, is satisfactory, althoughtthe procedure compris ing refluxing in' a Soxlet apparatus with calcium oxide represents the preferred embodiment of the invention. Ethanol is a suitable solvent, but otherfsolvents inert, to the reactantsmay be used. </p>
<p> The method has general application for the synthesis of pyrazolones containing two relatively high-molecular weight substituents in the 4 -positiou and characterized by the absence of substituents on the two nitrogen atoms. </p>
<p> The following examples are given for the purposeo'f illustrating the invention, but it is to beunderstood that the invention is to be limited only by the appended claims. </p>
<p> 5..g. ofethyl dibutyl aceto-acetate, 3.4 g. of 85%hydrazine hydrate were diss'olved'in 150 ml; ethanol'and the pH was adjusted to about S by dropwise addition of aceticacid. The solution was refluxed for about 16 hours in a flask provided with a Soxlet thimble containing 20 g. of calcium oxide. Then thesolution was filtered to remove traces of calcium oxide carried over into the flask, concentrated to about 15 m1. and diluted with an equal volume of water. A crop of 3 g. of product having a melting point of 95-100 C. was obtained, which was further purified by recrystallization from benzene and precipitation with petroleum ether (-B.P. 7090 C.). The melting point of the pure product was 102l03 C. Analysis.Calcd. for C H N O C, 68.53; H, 10.54. Found: C, 68.69; H, 10.62. </p>
<p> The substance showed some anticonvulsant activity, but was more toxic than the 4-phenyl-4-methyl compound described in Example 2. </p>
<p> EXAMPLE 2 4-Methyl-4-Phenyl-5-Pyrazolone Four and three tenths of a gram of ethyl a-formyl ccmethyl phenyl acetate, 3.6 grams of hydrazine hydrate were dissolved in 300 ml. of absolute ethanol, and the solution was brought to pH -5 by dro-pwise addition of acetic acid. The solution was placed in a flask provided with a Soxlet apparatus, and 40 grams of calcium oxide were placed in the thimble. After refluxing for about 17 hours, the solution was filtered, concentrated to about 25 ml. and diluted with an equal volume of water. The crude product, 2.3 grams, recrystallized from heptane and acetone, gave a crop of 1.6 grams of melting point98-l01 C. </p>
<p> Extraction with heptane and concentration of the heptane solution raised the melting point to 99-101 C. Analysis.--Calcd. for C H N O: N, 16.08. Found: N, 15.87. </p>
<p> 4-methyl-4-phenyl pyrazolone was tested by the mini mum electro-shock procedure. The animals were administered the substance orally, and after one hour they were subjected to the direct cruren-t stimulus, that is, to about three times the current necessary to produce maxi; mum seizures. The dose required to prevent convulsions in one 'half of the animals tested, in milligrams per kilogram, that is E13 was 89. The substance had low toxicity, because the NTS that is the amount of drug in milligrams per kilogram, which produced neurological toxic'symptoms in one half of the animals tested, was 187. </p>
<p>l The 3-methyl-4,4-dibutyl pyrazolone, prepared according to Example 1, showed some anticonvulsant activity, but was less active than 4-methyl-41phenyl-pyrazolone, and more toxic. </p>
<p> It appears that the absence of the methyl group in position 3 and the presence of a phenyl group imposition 4 are beneiicial for anticonvulsantactivity. </p>
<p>I claim; </p>
<p> 1'. The process of preparing 4,4-disubstituted pyrazq s e o rm la wherein each. of R andR is a member selected-from the groupconsisting of alkyl of 1 m4 carbonatoms and phenyl, further characterized by the fact that Rmay be thesame as R and R is a member selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl, which comprises the steps of adjusting to about 5 the pH of an ethanolic solution of a compound of formula RUCOC- (RR )CO-OR wherein R,R and R have the same meaning as above and R 1 is loweralkyl, and-the equivalent amount of hydrazine hydrate, refluxing said solution in a flask provided with a Soxlet thimble, said thimble containing a dehydrating agent which is a member selected from the group consisting of CaO, BaO, MgSO Na SO and anhydrous K CO continuing refluxing until all the Water formed is removed, and isolating said 4,4 disubstituted pyrazolone from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 5 6 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said de- OTHER REFERENCES hydrating agent is Cao in amount exceeding the theorefi' Backer et a1.: Chem. Abstracts, volume 20, page 1990 cal arnount required to remove the water formed in the (1926) Beilstein (Handbuch, 4m edition), volume 24, 2nd </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent 5 Supplement, page 80 (1954). </p>
<p>ST P AbStI'aCtS, volume 49, column 2,637,732 Schmid eta1- May 1953 Elderfield: Heterocyclic Compds, volume 5, pages 2,878,263 OIOShIlIk Mar. 17, 1959 114 1 9 1957 2,933,391 Feniak et a1 Apr. 19, 1960 10 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-856010-A
|
US-1906349409-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2924465
| 1907-06-04
| 1906-12-26
| 1907-06-04
|
303/15.
| null |
Y10T137/8663
|
WIKANDER RAGNAR
|
Electropneumatic braking device for railway-cars.
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en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>No. 856,010. PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907. </p>
<p>' R. WIKANDER. </p>
<p>ELBGTROPNEUMATIG BRAKING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY CARS. </p>
<p>APPLIGATION FILED 1330.26, 1906. </p>
<p>3 SHEETS-SHEET 1. </p>
<p>No. 856,010. 7 I PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907. </p>
<p> R. WIKANDER. v ELEGTROPNEUMATIG BRAKING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY CARS. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED DBO. 26, 1906. </p>
<p>3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. </p>
<p>2072263 88 I v dzweazzr J W' 6M if 51;, M </p>
<p>PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED DBO. 26, 1906. </p>
<p>3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. </p>
<p>01/ Jim? UNITE s'rrns RAGNAR WIKANDER, OF WESTERAS, SWEDEN. </p>
<p>ELECTROPNEUEWATEC BRAKING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY-"CARS. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented June 4, 1907. </p>
<p>Application filed December 26, 1906. Serial No. 349,409. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, RAGNAR WIKANpnR, a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden, residing at Westeras, Sweden, have invented new an of all the brakes of a railway-train a number of brake-systems have been proposed in which in addition to the pneumatic valves have been used electrically erated valves. </p>
<p>In the most cases such bra e-systems are more complicated than the pneumatic. systems on account of the increased number of valves, and notwithstanding the said electropneumatic systems do not ofier any increased safety as to their function. </p>
<p>The object of the present invention is to provide an electro-pneumatic brakin -device in which only one valve-body wil be required, and in which an automatic adjustment of the braking-pressure can be efiected by means of each of the two controllingsystems. </p>
<p> The invention consists, chiefly, in that the valve-body controlling the communication between an auxiliary reservoir and the braking-cylinder and between the latter and the atmosphere is controlled by a train-pipe as well as by an electric controlling circuit in such a manner that the operation of the said valve-body may be effected either by changmg the pressure in the train-pipe or by changing the strength of current in the said circuit or both simultaneously. Hereby the constructional arran ement of the brake-valve will be simplifiecf and further the function of the electric control will be substantially similar to that of the pneumatic device. By the possibility of using the two controllingsystems simultaneously the function will be more reliable than heretofore so that. the brakes practically will never fail to work. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated substantially diagrammatically some embodiments of my invention. </p>
<p>} Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an 1 electro pnenmatically operated valve constructed in accordance with my present in- F 1g. 2 shows a diagram of the railway-car provided with air-brakes. Fig. 3 shows a similar diagram with a modified form of the electro-pneumatically operated valve in lon itudinal section. Fi 4 shows a usual trip e-valve provided witi an electric controllin device. </p>
<p> The valveevice' shown inFi s. 1 and 2 comprises a valve-stem 1 to which is secured a small metal-disk 2. Two valvebodies 3 and 4 are by springs 5 and 6 pressed against the said disk 2 by means of elastic rings 7 and 8. Normally the said valve-bodies close bothends of the cylindrical valve-seat v9 in the center of which ends a pipe 10 connected to the braking-cylinder 11. Tothe stem 1 are secured two diaphragms 12 and 13 and an armature 14. As is shown in the drawing the stem 1 is operated both by the armature 14 which is magnetized by the current in the coil 15 and by the air-pressure in the chambers 16, 17, 18 and 19 on each side of the two diaphragms 12 and 13. If the powers actuating the stem 1 effect the raising of the latter, the braking-cylinder 11 will be put in communication with the atmosphere by means of the valve 3 and the chamber 20. If the said powers lower the stem 1 the valve 4 will be opened and the air contained in the auxiliary reservoir 21 of the car will be admitted to the braking-cylinder 11. </p>
<p> Referring to Fig. 2, 22 represents the airpressure-pi 0 extending through the whole train and eing supplied with air from the main-reservoirs connected to the air-pumps, as is usual. </p>
<p>, Through the valve 23 compressed air flows into the auxiliary reservoir 21 of the car, untilthe pressure in the latter is the same as in the ipe 22. The braking-cylinder 11, the auxi iary reservoir 21 and the pipe 2 are connected with the electro-pneumatic brakevalve, as is shown in Fig. 2. </p>
<p> Itwill now be explained how the'apparatus works when electric current is used for braking, it being supposed that-the magnet coil 15 is first denergized. In as much as the air pressure in the auxiliary reservoir 21 is the same as that in the air-pipe 22, the pressure in the chamber 18 willbe the same as in the chamber 19 and the diaphragm 13 thus will not actuate the stem 1. If the brake in such case is applied there is an overpressure in the braking-cylinder over the atmospheric pressure and the said overpressure then acts 1n the chamber 17 and raises the diaphragm 12 and thus also the stem 1 which is not actuated by any other power. The result will be that the valye 3 is. raised and the brakingcylinder is put in communication with the atmosphere until the, pressure in the braking- },cylinder has been reduced and cannot keep the stem 1 raised, whereupon the latter by the spring 6 will be brought back into its nor- 'mal position. The air-pressure at which this occurs is so chosen that the brake then is released by the spring in the braking cylinder; It will thus be understood that. if no current flows through the magnet, the brake will be released and remain released. It. may </p>
<p>now besupposed that an electric current of a certain strength be sent through the coil 15. The armature 14 now will be attracted, the stem 1 lowered, the auxiliary reservoir 21 put in communication with thebraking-cylinder through the chamber 18 and the brake a plied until the increasing pressure in the braking-cylinder through the chamber 17 has acted upon the diaphragm 12 and together with the pressure in the chamber 19 (which pressure now, is greater than the pressure in the chamber 18) overcomes the action of the magnet and brings the stem back into normal position shown in Fig. 1. The brake will thereupon be kept in the said position as long as the strength of current inthe magnet is unchanged. If the pressure in-the brakincylinder is diminished, for instance by leakage, the valve 41 will again be opened and fresh compressed air flows into the brakingcylinder, so that the determined pressure will be maintained. If'the current in the magnet-coil 15 be increased, the stem will again be lowered and compressed air flows into the braking-cylinders until equilibrium has been reestablished, whereupon thester'n 1 returns into its normal position. If the strength of current be diminished, the pressure in. the </p>
<p>chamber 17 will cause the valve 3 to open until the pressure'in the braking-cylinder has been diminishedso that the ower of. the magnet is sufiicient to return t 1e valve into normal position. It will thus be understood that to each strength of current corresponds approximately a certain pressure in the braking-c linder and consequently also a certain braking-force. </p>
<p> It is now possible by series-or arallel connections or by any series- 'para lelconnection of all brake valves of a train to effect the brakingfof all the cars simultaneously and at one and the same force, whereby an eflec tive control of the train will be obtainedand at the same time the rolling stock 'is s ared and accidents are prevented. It wil now be explained how. the said valve can efiect a I reliab e braking in the case that the-electric current fails. In such case the braking is accomplished by opening any valve that allows the compressed air to flow out from the. </p>
<p>pipe 22. </p>
<p> The decrease of pressure thus obtained has no influence on the auxiliary resvoir from the trairvgxplipa is inactive, the pressure in that in the auxilia balanced. In the braking-c ressure, </p>
<p>ervoir, nor on thepressure in the chamber 18. However, the pressure in the chamber 19 is diminished and the ste'ml is lowered. From the auxiliary reservoir compressedair now will flow through the chamber 18 into the braking cylinder, and bykeeping the said valve in the pipe 22 open a suilic'ient time the braking action will be stronger and stronger, until the pressure in the braking-cylinder acting in the chamber 17 has become the same as the pressure in the auxiliary reservoir. Then the valve returns into normal position and remain there, until the pressure inthe pipe 22 is again increased, and the brakes wi be released according as the said pressure increases. </p>
<p> The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is rovided with a continuous current magnet ut may obviously be so modified current magnet may be used. Further slides such as are'used in the pneumatic brake-systems may be substituted for the valve-construction shown without departing from the principle of the invention. Obviously. the present system may so as to suit the vacuum-brakes. In the device shown in Fig. stem 1 is 3 the valve- 12 and 13. The diaphragm 12 closes the chamber 17 which is in communication with the braking-cylinder, while the dia hragm 13 closes two chambers 18 and'19 o the chamber 19 is in communication with the train-pipe 22 and the chamber 18 is connected to an'auxiliary reservoir 21. The ,valvethe braking cylinder an the ex austfrom the latter. At the. lower end the valve-stem is provided with a valvebody 24 adapted to establish communication 1 betweenthe train-pipe 22 and the auxiliary reservoir, "when t e valve-stem is moved downward, so as to; fill the auxiliary reser- The said device works as'-follows:- en the braking-device reservoirare su stant at the diaphragm 13 is tially the same. so </p>
<p>linder' 11 is no so'that also the alanced. No current flows through the magnet 15 from the auxiliary resenvoir is cut off 23. 'Th6 brakes'can be ap current to the ma 'et-coi valve-stem 1 will e raised and compressed air will flow from the auxiliary reservoir 21 to the braking cylindertl 1. From the-latter compressed air 17, whereupon. tain brakin -pressure has been reached, be pressed own, so that the supply of air to the diaphragm, when a cerbe modified likewise combined with an arma true 14 or the like, and with two diaphragms the train-pi e and iaphragm ,12. is </p>
<p> c011,; and therefore the valve-stem 1 v is ke tin a middle position by a spring 25 in whic position the air-sup y the slide-valve lied by supplying f 15, whereby the that an alternating I which stem 1 supports a-slide-valve 23 controlling the 'su ply of air to now flows into the chamber' will ' reservoir 21. </p>
<p> whereby the pressure in the chamber 19 the braking-cylinder is cut off. If the strength of current in the magnet-coil be increased, the stem 1 will again be raised, so that a further quantity of compressed air can flow into the braking-cylinder, until equilibrium is reached. By increasin the strength of current to a maximum fulliraking-force will be obtained. For releasing the brakes it is only necessary to decrease the strength of the electric current, whereby the pressure in the chamber 17 on the diaphragm 12 will overcome the attraction of the magnet-coil on the core or armature 14, so that the valvestem 1 will be lowered and communication between the brakin -cylinder 11 and exhaustpipe 26 will be established. Simultaneously the valve 24 is opened for admitting afresh quantity of compressed air into the auxiliary The exhaust continues until the brakingpressure has diminished so much that the powers acting on the valvestem 1 again balance each other. </p>
<p> If braking is to be accomplished by'diminishing the pressure in the train-pipe, it is only necessary in well known manner to exhaust a part of the air in the train-pipe, </p>
<p> is diminished and the valve-stem 1 will be raised and cause supply of air to the braking-cylinder, until the powers acting on the valvestem again balance each other. In analogous manner the brakes may bereleascd by increasing the pressure in the train-pipe. </p>
<p>Instead of havin the magnetic attraction ower counteracted by the pressure in the raking-cylinder for balancing the powers acting on thevalve-stern, one may let the said powers cooperate and be compensated by a third constant or variable power, whereby a decrease of the electric attraction power will cause a corresponding increase or decrease, res ectively,of the braking-pressure, until equi ibrium is reached. Further the usual air-brake-valves may be arranged for being operated both electrically and pneuniatically.v For this purpose one may, as is shown in Fig. 4, provide an electromagnet the armature 14 of which by means of the stem 1 operates the triple-valve of the air-brakesytem when electric current is supplied to the coil 15. A stronger or weaker current through the coil 15 has the same effect as a greater or smaller decrease of the airgpres- The said device may be so modified that the operation of the triple-valve by the electric current is accomplished indirectly by combining the triplevalve with a piston, diaphragm, or other movable closing-device which normally'has no influence on the usual working of the said valve, but is put in operation for displacing the same into a position for braking by air under pressure, or vacuum, the strength of which depends on the strength of current in an electric circuit. </p>
<p>sired changing either the pressure in the tram- Having now described my invention what i I claim is: </p>
<p>1. An air-brake-apparatus for electric railway-cars, and the like, in which the brakes controls the communication between an auxiliary reservoir and the braking-cylinder and between the latter and the atmosphere, is controlled both by the train-pipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that the displacing of the said valve-body into de-' positions may be accomplished by pipe or the strength of current in the said controlling circuit or both simultaneously. </p>
<p> 2. An air brake apparatus for electric cars, and the like, in whic the brakes are applied or released by means of the variable air pres- I sure in a train pipe or by means of an electric controlling circuit, characterized by the fact I that the valve body, which controls the communication between an auxiliary reservoir and the braking cylinder and between the latter and the atmos here, is controlled both by the train pipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that the displacing of the said valve body into desired ositions may be accomplished by changing elther the pressure in the train pipe or the strength of current in the said controlling circuit or both simultaneously, and in which the valve body is operated on the one side by the electric controlling circuit against the action of the pressure in the braking cylinder, and on the other side by the pressure in the train pipe against the action of the pressure in the auxiliary reservoir by means of diaphragms, isionis, or the like, connected to the said va ve o y. 1 </p>
<p> 3. An air brake apparatus for electric railway cars, and the like, in which the brakes are applied or released by means of the variable alr pressure in a train pipe or by means of an electric controlling circuit, characterized by the fact that the valve body, which controls the communication between anauxiliary reservoir and the braking cylinder and between the latter and the atmosphere, is controlled both by the train pipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that the displacing'of the said valve body into desired positions may be accomplished by chang ng either the pressure in the train pipe or the strength of current in the said controlling circuit or both simultaneously, and in which the valve body is o erated on the one side by the electric control ing circuit against the action of the pressure in the braking cylinder, and on the other side by the pressure in the train pipe against the action of the pressure in the auxiliary reservoir by means of diaphragms, plstons, or the like, connected to the said valve body, and further characterized by the fact that for 0 crating the valve body the electric contro ling circuit and the pressure in the braking cylinder 'work in one and the same direction and are compensated by a constant or yielding resistance which in equilibrium keeps the valve body in a middle position in wh ch the braking cylinder is cut off both from the auxiliary reservoir and from the atmosphere, while destruction 'of the equilibrium 1n the one direction or theother'will cause a displacing of the valve body so as to-put the braking cylinder in communication with the auxiliary reservoir or with the atmosphere. </p>
<p>4. An air brake apparatus'for electric railway cars, and the like, in which the brakes are applied or released by meansvof the vari- 'able air pressure in a train pipe or by means of an electric controlling circuit, characterized b the fact that the valve body, which contro s the communication between an au X iliary reservoir and the braking cylinder and between the latter and the atmosphere, is controlled both by the train pipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that the displacing of the said valve body into desired positions may be accomplished by changingeither the pressure in the train pipe or the strength of current in the said controlling circuit 01 both simultaneously, and furvalve body in a pneumatic brake apparatus is placed under the influence of an electromagnet inserted in an electric controlling circuit in such a manner that the said valve body by changing the strength of current in will be I ther characterized by the fact that the triple caused to make the same movement as are caused by changing the pressure in the train pi e, while the, electric operation device w en 1n zero position has no lnfluence on the pneumatic device. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses. </p>
<p> RAGNAR WIKANDER. </p>
<p>Witnesses: 4 </p>
<p>EVALD DELMAR, JOHN DELMAR. </p>
</div>
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en
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US-1625247-A
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US-5223825-A
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US
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A
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A
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21976287
| 1927-04-19
| 1925-08-24
| 1927-04-19
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175/287.
|
E21B10/66
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E21B10/66
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DUDLEY BENJAMIN B
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Collapsing oil drill
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en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>April. 19, 1927. </p>
<p>B. B. DUDLEY ET AL COLLAPSING OIL DRILL Filed Aug 24, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 41 4 INVENToRs uoz fr Y 1,625,247 B. B. DUDLEY ET A1. </p>
<p>coLLAPsING 01;. DRILL April 19, 1927. </p>
<p>Filed Aug. 24. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 3J N 3 .a om M... a </p>
<p>abboznuj Patented Apr. 19, 1927. </p>
<p>UNIE STATFS PTENT FFEQE. </p>
<p>BENJAMIN B. DUDLEY, 0F VISALIA, AND EDWARD R. DUDLEY, OF PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA. </p>
<p>COLLAPSING OIL DRILL. </p>
<p>Application med August 24, 1825. serial No. 52,238. </p>
<p> r1`his inv-ention relates to well drilling bits in general, but in particular to bits of the reciprocating type adapted for drilling a hole larger than the casing through which the bit works. </p>
<p> The principal objects ot the invention are to provide a drill bit of this kind, of extreme simplicity and ruggedness, and which with its associated parts will drill a straight hole and effectively flush the hole with` a hydraulic jet through the drill point while drilling, and which combination will provide 'for drilling a relatively great incr-ease in depth of holeat each setting ot' the casing. </p>
<p> The above and other objects are attained through the construction shown in the accompanying drawings and in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the lower end oi a well with our drill in expanded drilling position below the end of the casing; </p>
<p> Figure 2 is a transverse section along the line 2-2 of Figure l; </p>
<p> Figure 3 is an end view of the cutting edges of the drill expanded; </p>
<p> Figure 4l is an elevation of the drill detached from its surrounding structure; </p>
<p> Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the lower end of the well showing the drill collapsed and being drawn within the casing; </p>
<p> Figure 6 is an enlarged view of one of the collapsing jaws of the drill; </p>
<p>Figure 7 is a side view of Figure 6; </p>
<p> Figure 8 is a perspective view ot the jaw retaining block; </p>
<p> Figure 9 is a cross-sectional View of Figure'l along the line 9 9 thereof; </p>
<p> Figure 10 is a perspective sketch of the special packing ring used. </p>
<p> Briefly described, our invention comprises a drill with slidable collapsing jaws which automatically collapse by striking against the lower end of the well casing in pulling the drill, and or" the mounting oi the drill on a long guiding tube working within the casing so that the .drill when expanded will upon reciprocation drill a larger hole than the casing and at all times concentric therewith even to a distance, in practice, some forty feet or more beyond the lower end of the casing so that the casing only has to be lowered after about every forty feet of drilling, also this combination with the hydraulic jet feature alluded to so that the material cut loose by the ldrill will be constantly forced to the top Vof the well between the outside of the casing and the drilled hole which is larger than the casing. </p>
<p> In the illustrations, our drill comprises a shank l having a fixed jaw 2 of a maximum diameter to pass through a well casing 3. </p>
<p> This jaw 2 is beveled at its cutting edge as shown at 2', and at right angles is arranged a pair of collapsible jaws 4 also with beveled cutting edges as shown at 4f. </p>
<p> The collapsing jaws 4; each have a shank 5 slidably supported in a recess 6 in the main shank 1 of the drill so that they are free to slide longitudinally of the drill body and they are retained in position by passing under an enlarged portion or hub 7. </p>
<p> The hub diameter is equal to the width fixed jaw 2 and at the upper part the hub is beveled at 7 where it joins the shank so as i" to be guided into the casing in pulling the drill, and a retaining block 8 is provided on each sliding jaw shank so that the jaws cannot be slid entirely oli of the drill body. </p>
<p> This block 8 is shown clearly in Figure 8 and is seen to be provided with a dovetail slot 9 which lits over a complementarily shaped jaw 10 formed on the jaw shank, so that the block 8 is slid transversely into engagement with the shank or" the jaw to the position shown inFigures 1 and 4l, after which it is secured in place by a screw 1l passing through the block and entering a recess 12 in the shank. </p>
<p> When the jaws are pulled out to their maximum extension the jaws collapse and the blocks 8 abut against a shoulder lon the hub formed by notching opposite sides thereof, and the blocks are provided with teeth 14: so that they will out out any mud fw or stone from the shoulder when seating. </p>
<p> When the jaws are pushed all the way into their respective recesses, the jaws expand and a heavy square shoulder 15 engages a shoulder 16 on the drill hub so as to take the force of drilling, the sliding jaws having wings 33 bearing against the vertif cal walls 34 of the ixed jaw. </p>
<p>' i The expanding and collapsing of the jaws accom` through longitudinal sliding is plished by cooperatively tapering the jaw Shanks as shown at 17 and the central portion of the fixed jaw 2 as indicated at 18. </p>
<p> Thus when the jaws are slid all the wav up they are lirmly seated against the shouliii) lill) llt) lit) </p>
<p>ders as described and expanded to the position shown in Figures l. 3 and l and held trom falling by the friction ot' lint springs t9 secured within the recesses t5 and over which the shanls ot the jaws slide while being*r loreed outwardl)v thereby. </p>
<p> lllhen expanded as shown`r in pulling; theI drill, the jaws will strike the lower end ol 'the casing;l shoe 2t) and casino' E which will slide them down along4 the body to position shown in Figure a seating` the inner surface ot the ,idianlis against the wedge like sides itl olE the centralY portion ot the fixed jaw L?, thus bringing the sliding; jaws together as shown to therebjY clear the inside ot the easingr tor withdrawal :troni the well. </p>
<p> lil/'hen expanded the drill upon reciprocation will drill a hole 2l larger than the lasino' l o1' its shoe 20, and a' hole extending;l through the shank ot the drill and en'icriringV at points .22 provides l'or 'toi-ring' water directly between the cutting edges ot the drill in operation. j </p>
<p> The drill is screwed at 223 to a tubular operating' shanl: 2l consistingh ol several sections ot tubing' coupled as at 25 to provide preierabl)` a length ot' some torti' tent, and at the upper end the tubing closed by a head 2*(3 provided with ports tor tnrcin,r water tio the drill from within the easing Si. </p>
<p> 'llhe lower portion ot this casing 3 is prei"- erablj ot a heavier gage than the casing` above it extending to the surface of the well tor suspension in the known manner, and this heavier portion is preferablyY about sixty iieet in length to function as a long;l workingv barrel in drilling` to guide the head 2o ot the reciprocatingl drill rertieallj7 yet provide lor a relatirely long' extension of the hole each time before lnaliinicT it necessary to lower the casing. </p>
<p> llt the upper end oi the tubular shank 2l and surroninling the head :lo is a long paoliint;h ring 2e sealing oll the casing` trom this point down so that water :torced down in the tau-singy above thisv ring will have to pass through the openings 2i' to the interior oli the hollow .shank 2l, and thence to emerge troni the passages to the cutting edges ot the drill. This results in a powerful jet at the cutting edges washing aiwajv all loosened material and forcing it upwardly through the annular spare 2S) outside ot the easing to the top o'tI the well lt since no other channel 'l'or its discharge exists. </p>
<p> The ring is a split ring); and of about three inches in depth so it will ride over the casingl joints in withdrawing the drill and it is prevented 'from catching; on the joints through its spetrial construction. </p>
<p> lt is reallyv two split rines 28 and 28 secured together at some point orpoints and each section has overlapping ends as indicated in Fitejure l() where the ends A and l are separated so as to better indicate its structure. </p>
<p> llhe inner section extends below the outer seetion and seats in a groove 35 in the head QT which permits though limits its outward expansion and it is held lonirltlalinally in piace by a pair ot 'threaded collars -iO-Ifil loclied together above it on the head with just sullieient clearance above the ringl'or it to operate. </p>
<p> Thus the ring is 'forced to il'ollow the vertical inotion et the drill in operation yet is tree for limited expansion, so that when the drill is pulled 'from the redueed internal diY anieter working); barrel portion ot the casingl J3 to the sliehtlj' larger string,l above it, the. </p>
<p>ringl will :treely pass all the casing;l joints on the way out, or when lowering the drill to place utter sinn-peiling the same. </p>
<p> 'llo better clear the joints the upper and lower corners ot the outer ring section 28 are well rounded as shown. i </p>
<p> Above the head 2o is a suitable coupling socket 32 tor attaching the ordinary drilling;l cable, not shown. </p>
<p>ldie Claim: </p>
<p> l. :l well drill compi-ising` a body with jaws slidable longitudinail)v thereon from a collapsed to an expanded position, and shoulders on said body and jaws adapted to engage one another when the jaws are expanded, and a lugl on eaeh olf said jaws en-` gaging' a portion olf the body when the aws are collapsed, said litev and portion present- 'ng' spaced points ot eontaet. j </p>
<p> A collapsing well drill comprising,` a drill shank with longitudinal grooves thereon, jaws with shanhs each slidably positioned in one ot the grooves whereby the jaws are slidahle lengthwise ol the drill shank, means i'or retaining the jaws in place while permittinpsliding action, and means tor lirietionally retaining the jaw lshanlcs in position in the grooves A reciprocable well drill, cutting jaws on said drill adapted to slide troni a collapsed position to an expanded position upon end impact ae'ainst the drill in operation, and means tor trietionalljY holdingl the jaws in exjianded relation to 'the drill. </p>
<p>BENJABH N L l. DUDLE Y. EDYVABD R; DUDLEY. </p>
<p>lOl) </p>
<p>llo </p>
</div>
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en
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US-870016-A
|
US-1907362992-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2938463
| 1907-11-05
| 1907-03-18
| 1907-11-05
|
278/107.
| null |
B62C5/04
|
CORCORAN MICHAEL J
|
Whiffletree-hook.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907. </p>
<p> M. J. GORGORAN. WHIFFLETREE 1100K. APPLIoATmN PILE-D um. 1s, l1907. </p>
<p>FLE- </p>
<p>MICHAEL J. CORGORAN, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA. </p>
<p>WHIFFLETREE-I-IOOK. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented Nov. 5, 1907. </p>
<p>Application filed March 18, 1907. Serial No. 362,992. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, MICHAEL J. OORCORAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at York, in the county of York and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Whililetree- Hooks; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. </p>
<p> This invention relates to improvements in whiffle tree hooks. </p>
<p> The object of the invention is to provide a hook of this character by means of which a trace may be readily engaged with and secured to a Whittle tree and which may be quickly and easily operated to release a trace therefrom. </p>
<p> With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the invention consists in certain novel features of construct-ion, combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described and claimed. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of one end of a whifle tree showing the hook applied thereto and in closed position to secure a trace thereon; Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the hook open to permit the trace to be disengaged from the end of the whifi'le tree; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the end of the whiflle tree and hook showing a sectional View of a trace engaged therewith. </p>
<p>Referring more particularly to the drawings, l de-- notes the end of a whiifle tree, to the upper side of which is secured my improved hooks 2, which consists of a longitudinally-disposed bar 3 on the inner end of which is an integral downwardly-projecting right-angular-ly formed lug 4 on the lower end of which is formed a right-angularly longitudinally-extending securing plate or bar 5, said bar 5 projecting in the opposite direction from the upper bar 3. </p>
<p> In the plate or fastening bar 5 is formed two or more screw or bolt holes 6 through which and into the whiffle tree are adapted to be passed fastening screws or bolts 7 by means of which the hook is secured to the whifle tree. </p>
<p> On the outer end of the bar 3 is arranged a retaining arm 8, said arm being provided on its upper end with an enlarged portion which forms a head and is adapted to engage the outer end of the bar 3, as shown. </p>
<p> The arm S is pivotally connected to the end of the bar 3 by means of the-pivot bolt or screw 9 which is passed through a hole in the head of the arm and is adapted to be screwed into engagement with a threaded socket or recess I0 formed in the end of the bar 3. By thus pivotally connecting the arm S with the end of bar 3 and the upper side of the whifHe tree and securely holding the trace from disengagement therefrom. </p>
<p> In order that the arm 8 may be held in an operative or inoperative position, I provide a flat spring l2 which is secured to the upper side of the bar 3 by screws or other fastening device. The outer end of the spring l2 projects beyond the end of the bar 3 and is adapted to engage the upper square surface of the head of the arm 8 when the latter is in an operative position and to engage one side or the other of the head of the arm when the latter is turned upwardly in either direction to an inoperative position, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing. The engagement of the spring with the head of the arm 8 will hold the same against casual movement when turned to either an operative or inoperative position and at the saine time will permit the arm to be readily turned from one position to the other. y </p>
<p> A while tree hook constructed as herein shown and described will be simple, strong, durable and inexpensive in construction, efficient and reliable in operation and well adapted for the purposes for which it is designed. </p>
<p> From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction and operation of the invention will be readily understood Without requiring a more extended explanation. </p>
<p> Various changes in the form, proportion and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is,- </p>
<p> 1. A whiletree-hook comprising a right-angulariy shaped bar, means to secure the same to a Whiliietree, a trace retaining arm pivotally mounted on the outer end of said bar, a fiat spring, and means on said arm adapted to be engaged by said spring to hold the arm in an open or closed position. substantially as described. </p>
<p> 2. A whiiiletree-hook comprising a right-anguiarly shaped bar, means to secure the same to a whiHle-tree, a trace retainingarm pivotally mounted on the outer end of said bar, a spring, and a squared head on the upper end of said arm, the right-angularly disposed sides of which are adapted to be engaged by said spring to hold said arm in an operative and inoperative position, substantially as described. </p>
<p> A whiflle tree hook comprising a longitudinally-disposed bar havingat one end a rightangularly downwardly-projeeting lug, an integrally formed fastening plate on the lower end of said lug, said plate projecting in the opposite direction to said bar, means to secure said plate to a Whiflle tree, a trace retaining arm arranged on the outer end of said bar, a pivot screw passed through the upper end of said arm and adapted to be screwed into engagement with a threaded socket in the end of said bar whereby said nrln is connected to the bnr to turn laterally thereony and a flat spring secured to the upper sides of the bar-and projecting beyond the ends of the same to engage said arm and hold the same in an open or closed position, substantially as described. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses. </p>
<p>MICHAEL J. CORCORAN. </p>
<p>Witnesses GEORGE CASY, BNNJAMIN S'rnlclimn. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-867071-A
|
US-1907365037-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2935521
| 1907-09-24
| 1907-03-28
| 1907-09-24
|
254/391.
| null |
B66D3/10
|
OLSON CARL A
|
Hoisting apparatus.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>No. 867,071. y I -PATBNTED s511124, 19.07. G. A. oLsoN. y </p>
<p>HoIsTING APPARATUS. </p>
<p>APPLIGATION FILED MAB.. 28 1907. </p>
<p>@Wi/them@ c?) wwu Strap/lega EAR'LLlS [JAN CARL A. OLSON, OF MILAN, MINNESOTA. </p>
<p>HOISTING APPARATUS. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented sept. a4, 1907. </p>
<p>Application filed March 28, 1907. Serial No. 365,037.` </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, CARL A, OLSON, a citizen of the United States; residing at Milan, in the county of Chippewa and Statel of Minnesota, have invented certain new `and useful Improvements in Hoisting Apparatuses; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others 'skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. </p>
<p>This inventionrelates to improvements in hoisting apparatus. </p>
<p> The objectof the invention is to provide an apparatus of this character by means of which the hoisting rope or cable will be automatically locked, upon release of the hoisting power, by means of the weight of the load being hoisted. </p>
<p> A further object is to provide means whereby the llocking mechanism for the hoisting cable may be quickly released. </p>
<p> With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the invention consists in certain novel fea tures of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter described and claimed. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of the hoisting apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is an edge view of the same; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view through the main pulley frame and the cable locking mechanism carried thereby. </p>
<p> Referring more particularly to the drawings, 1 denotes the main pulley frame which is here shownand preferably consists of a series of parallel plates 2 which are spaced apart and secured in position by means of bolts or rivets 3 which also serve as pivot bolts for the working parts of the block. Connected to the upper pivot bolts 3 between the inner pair and the two outer plates of the frame is secured a bail 4 to which is connected a hook 5 by means of which the main frame 1 may be suspended from and connected to a suitable support. </p>
<p> Pivotally mounted on the central pivot bolt 3 between the inner pair of plates 2 is an auxiliary pulley frame 6 which consists of a pair of horizontally-extending plates between which near the upper edge and adjacent to one end thereof is revolubly mounted a pulley 7 while between the same and adjacent to the opposite end and near the lower edge thereof is revolubly mounted a pulley 8. The plates of the frames 6 are secured together at their opposite ends by rivets 9 and are spaced apart by means of sleeves 10 arranged on said rivets, f </p>
<p> To the lower rivet at one end of the frame 6 is connected a pulley block 12, said pulley block being loosely connected to the rivet by means of a bail 13. On the lowermost bolt 3 of 'the main frame l between the inner pair and the two outer plates thereof are revof lubly mounted pulleys 14. </p>
<p> Adapted to be used in connection with the main 'pulley frame and pulleys is a triple pulley block 15 which is here shown and preferably consists of a series of plates which are secured together byvrivets or bolts '16 on4 which are arranged sleeves 17 whereby said plates are spaced apart and held in parallel relation. Revolubly mounted on a central pivot bolt 18 between the inner pair of plates on the two outer plates are three pulleys 19. To the bolt 16 in the lower end of the pulley frame 15 is secured bails 2O to which is connected a hook 21 which is adapted to be connected t0 the load to be raised or hoisted. To the bolt or rivet 16 at the upper end of the frame is secured a bail 22 To the bail 22 is connected the lower end of the hoisting cable 23, said cable passing upwardly from the bail 22 around one of the pulleys 14, the lower end of the main frame and from thence passes downwardly around one of the pulleys 19 in the frame 15, thence upwardly through the pulley block 12, thence downwardly around another of the pulleys 19 and the frame 15 and upwardly around the other pulley I4 in the lower end of the main frame 1 and thence downwardly around the central pulley 19 of the frame 15 after which the cable passes upwardly over the pulleys 7 and 8 in the auxiliary pulley frame 6 and from thence extends to and is connected with the operating power. By running the hoisting cable as herein shown and described, the pivoted auxiliary frame 6 will be held thereby in a hori- Zontal position when the load is applied to the hook 21 of the pulley frame I3 -and the power is applied to the opposite end of the hoisting cable. </p>
<p> In order that the load may be suspended in position at any desired elevation or to prevent the same from dropping should the hoisting cable be broken, I propvide a suitable locking mechanism whereby said cable will be automatically gripped and held should the same be broken between the hoisting mechanism and the main pulley frame. The locking mechanism for the cable is here shown and preferably consists of a clutching or gripping lever 24 which is pivotally mounted at one end on the bolt or rivet 9 at one end of the auxiliary pulley frame 6 and projects above and oversaid frame as shown. The lever 24 is provided with an obliquely-disposed or cam slot 25 which is adapted to be engaged with the upper pivot bolt 3 of the main frame 1 between the inner pair of the plates forming said frame. The outer or free end of the lever 24 is bent downwardly and outwardly to form a cable gripping plate 26 which is adapted to be brought into tight engagement with the cable 23 immediately above the pulley 7'A of the auxiliary frame 6 thereby clamping said cable between the pulley and said gripping plate and holding the same against backward movement. The gripping plate 26 is automatically brought into -engagement with the hoisting cable by meansmm slotted connection between said lever and the bolt 3 oi the main fra-me and the connection of the auxiliary pulley frame which when the hoisting power is released will be tilted or swung in the trame l by the weight of the load pulling downwardly upon the pulley block l2 at one end of the trame 6 thereby drawing said end downwardly and raising the opposite end ol the frame together with the cable which passes over the pulley 7 at this end oi the frame. The tilting or swinging movement el the auxiliary trame G also tends to force the gripping plate 26 ot' the lever 24; downwardly by reason oi the slotted engagement ot said lever with the main trame so that the hoisting cable is tightly gripped or clamped between the pulley 7 and the gripping plate oi the clutch lever, as will be understood. </p>
<p> In order to disengage the gripping lever from the cable to permit the further hoisting ol the load, l provide a suitable releasing mechanism which consists ol a lever 27 which is pivotally mounted on the central pivot bolt 3 oi the main trame l between the inner pair oi plates and the outer' plate on one side oi said frame. The inner end of the lever 27 is loosely connected to one end of a bell-crank lever 2S which is pivotally mounted on the adjacent side oi the auxiliary pulley trame 6 near one end ot the same. The opposite end or arm of the bell-crank lever 28 is pivotally connected to the upper end with alulcrum arm or bar 29, the opposite end oi which is pivotally conneeted to the lower pivot bolt 3 of the main frame. To the free or outer end of the releasing lever 27 is connected a releasing rope or cord 30 which extends downwardly to within convenient reach oi the operator and is adapted when drawn upon to rock the releasing lever 27 downwardly which will cause the opposite or upper end ot said lever to rock the bell-crank lever which movement owing to the pivotal connection of the opposite arm of the bell-crank lever with the tulcrum arm or bar will cause the adjacent end of the auxiliary pulley trame (i to be tilted upwardly, this movement will lift or swing the clutching lever l 24 upwardly,. thereby disengaging the gripping plate 26 from the cable. This separation or disengagement of the gripping plate 26 trom the cable is also l'acilitated by the downward or opposite movement ot this end of the auxiliary pulley trame 6. </p>
<p> From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction and operation of the invention will be readily understood without requiring a more extended explanation. </p>
<p> Various changes in the iorm, proportion and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing trom the principle or sacrificing any oi the advantages ot the invention, as defined by the appended claims. </p>
<p>Having thus described my invention, what I claim an auxiliary pulley frame pivotally mounted in said main frame, pulleys arranged in said main frame and in said auxiliary frame. a pulley block loosely connected to one end of said auxiliary frame, a triple pulley block. a boisting cable having one end connected to said triple block and passing around the pulleys therein and the pulleys in said main and auxiliary frames, gripping means adapted to-engage the hoisting cable when the hoisting power is released therefromand means for discngaging said gripping means from said cable. </p>
<p> 2. A hoisting` apparatus consisting' et a main pulley frame, pulley wheels lournaled in the lower end of said trame. and auxiliary pulley trame pivotally mounted in said main traine` pulley wheels revolubly mounted in the opposite ends of said auxiliary frame, a pulley block loosely connected to one end et? the latter, a triple pulley block, a hoisting cable connected at; one end to said triple block and passing around the pulleys therein and pulleys in said main and auxiliary trames. a gripping or clutchinge lever pivotally lnounted in one end of said auxiliary frame and adapted to be engaged thereby with tbe hoisting cable when the hoisting power is released therefrom. and means to disengage said gripping or clutching level' from said cable. substantially as described. </p>
<p> Si. A hoisting apparatus comprising a main pulley trame, pulley wheels journaled in the lower end thereof. an auxiliary pulley trame pivotally mounted in said main traine. pulley wheels `iournaled in the opposite ends of said auxiliary frame. a pulley block loosely connected to one end ot the latter. a triple pulley block. a hoisting cable connected at one end to said block and passing around the pulleys therein and pulley wheels in said main and auxiliary frames, a clutch or gripping lever pivotally mounted in one cud ot said auxiliary trame, said lever having formed therein a cam slot to enl gc a tixed pili or bolt in said niain frame whereby upon t e release ot" tbe hoisting power from said cable said auxiliary trame will be tilted by the weight; of the load to cause said clutching or gripping lever to engage and clamp said hoisting' cable between the free end of aid lever and the pulley in the adjacent end ot said auxiliary frame. and means to release. said clutch lever. substantially as described. </p>
<p> 4. A hoisting apparatus comprising a main pulley frame. pulley wheels journaled in the lower end thereof. an auxiliary pulley trame pivotally mounted in said main traute, pulley wheels iournaled in the opposite ends ot' said xiliary trame. a pulley block loosely connected to one end otz the latter. a triple pulley block. a hoisting cable connected at one end to said block and passing around the pulleys therein and pulley wheels in said main and auxiliary frames, a clutch or gripping lever pivotally mounted in one end ot' said auxiliary tranie. said lcvcr having formed therein a cam slot to engage a tixed pin or bolt in said main frame whereby upon the release ot the hoisting newer from said cable said auxiliary trame will be tilted by the weight of the load to cause said clutching or grip ping lever to engage and clamp said hoisting cable between the free end ot iid lever and the pulley in the adjacent, end of said auxiliary trame, a fulcrum arm on said main trame, a bellfcrank lever pivotally mounted on the adja` cent end ot said auxiliary pulley trame. one arm ot' said bell-crank lever being pivotally connected to said i'ulcruni arm. a releasing lever pivotally mounted on said main frame and loosely engaged with the opposite arm ol' said bell-crank lever' whereby when said releasing lever is actuated. said bell-crank level' will tiltl or rock said auxiliary pulley frame and thereby disengage said i'ulcrum level' from said hoisting cable and an operating cord connected to said releasing lever, substantially as described. </p>
<p> vIn testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses. </p>
<p>CARL A. OLSON. </p>
<p>Witnesses OLUF Ganssn'r, J. 0. Hauenxxn. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1799851-A
|
US-32774928-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
9010712
| 1931-04-07
| 1928-12-21
| 1931-04-07
|
205/286.
|
C25D3/04
|
C25D3/04
|
AUGUSTE HOLLARD
|
Chromium plating by electrolytic deposition
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Patented 7, 193 1 g i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE aueus'm 30mm, or rams, armors, assmuon 'ro socm'rit NOUVELLE DE LORFEVREBIE DEBC'UIB, OF PARIS, FRANCE, A CORPORATION OF IBANQE CHBOHIUH PLATIN G BY ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION No Drawing. Application ma December 21, 1928,8er1a1 No. 387,749, and in Iranee January 12, 1088. </p>
<p> The present invention relates to chromating by electrolytic depositionyand it consists in arranging the body tobe coated at the cathode of an electrolytic bath composed of 5 an aqueous solution of sodium bichromate, </p>
<p>chromic acid and chromium fiuoborate. </p>
<p> The'proportions of the substances which enter into the composition of the bath should not difier substantially from the following, 1 which aregiven, by way of example, for a 100-liter bath: </p>
<p> Sodium bichromate r 25 kgs Ghromic acid kgs. Chromium fiuoborate 900 grs. </p>
<p> A bath for chromium plating conductive bodies by electrolytic degpsition comprising sodium ichromate, 25 'lograms' chromic acid, 15 kilograms; and chromium iiuoborate, 900 grams. go. 3 AUGUSTE HOLLARD. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1764542-A
|
US-20118027-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22744798
| 1930-06-17
| 1927-06-24
| 1930-06-17
|
409/343.
|
B23D7/00
|
B23Q1/28
|
ZIMMERMANN WILLIAM F
|
Rail guide and clamping surface for shapers
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>June 17, 1930. w. F. zlMMl-:RMANN RAIL GUIDE AND GLAMPING SURFACE FOR SHAPERS v 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed June 24, 1927 June 17, 1930. </p>
<p>W. F. ZIMMERMANN RAIL GUIDE AND CLAMPING SURFACE FOR SHAPERS Filed June 24, 1921 2 sheets-snm 2 Patented June "17,: </p>
<p> Eri-snr orifice WILLIAM r. ziifiivrnnixrANiv, or ianrnnwoon, new cansar, Assrenon rro GoULna i EBERHARDT, on NEWARK, new JERSEY, A Conroe-Arion' or NEWJERSEY vvItAii'i GUIDE AND cnLf-iiariiie siiieAorronsHArnns Application filed :rune a4, </p>
<p>y In shapers it is part of the usual construe# ytionto support thework table on a cross This -invention is particularly concerned with "the arraiigementof the vertical guideways and supporting urfaces` for the'crossrail ;v the objects ofthe specific arrangement beino directed to a location of the guides and'liearing surfaces relative to the adjacent frame parts and to eachother such that' the machining f thereof may bemore easily and accurately accomplished, and at `the saine time result in a mererigid supporting means for; the cross-rail and work table 'than' has heretofore been accomplished. </p>
<p> A commonk construction, among the crossrail supportingineans, has been to provide'- two spaced vertical ways with the forward faces and respective-outer edges thereof being planed surfaces whereby the .forward faces maybe utilized as cross-rail supporting surface and the outer edges in combination vwith `angle portions on the cross-rail servingv as guideways against transverse movements, the clamping being accomplished by the application of gibs to the rearface of the angle portions'which gibs are Vadapted to engage tlielrear face/of the guidei'vays.` VSuch constructions were'fouiid to have certain disadvantages as e. g. the rail guideways weretoo `widely separatedjand the clamping of the rail witlrtlie rear gibs wouldiiotprevent and might evenv cause the cross-rail to bow or l defiect from its normal shape. </p>
<p>l ing is accomplished by forming slotted openings through the supportingV brackets ydef As a remedy for such defects, supporting means have been provided wherein the clampchined without in'anydegree sacricingany lean serial no. soluce. </p>
<p>signed lto-"`accominodatek bolts inserted into the cross-rail whereby the latter is clamped by a direct metalto metalcontact with its` ways. It was also found very advantageous, in-coinbination with such means,`to provide the inner edges of the waysI with plafiied guideway surfaces; thus bringing the guideways closer togetherf In'tlie interests of providing -a full and I rigid support for the Shaper rain in its for-S ward positions, it has been found practical,l </p>
<p>to'project the rain -guideways' forwardly so that they extendf at least as far asthe for` ward face of the verticalrail 'bearings or what is even more common and desirable overhang a substantialamount. VSuch projecting portions, however, interferewitli the `planing of the vertical bearing surfaces `V'for the cross-rail in the manufacture of the machine frame. .Y </p>
<p>fThis invention has for its object a modification of (and additional improvements over)-the direct clamping means and slotted ways, noted above,whereby the bearing sur 'facesfmay beinore' easily and cheaplyvniaof the advantages derived fromthe precedingstructure,butrather'adding further toA f `the rigidity of vsuch improved rsupporting means. In prior constructions, wherein the cross-rails whereheld by the aforementioned angleportions Vand gibs (even when the ram ways did not project beyond the vertical for,-A ward bearing surfaces) Vthe vertical guideways were necessarily either very widely spaced or, projected back underneath the A rain ways thus, inthe latter case,inakiiig the machining thereof a comparatively expensive operation. </p>
<p> rlhe present invention includes, among Aits .Y objects, an .arrangement whereby the crossrail guidewaysare located betweenthe rain guideways; thus resulting in a more firmly supported cross-rail free from deflections and at the saineftime permitting the ready ma@ chiniiig thereof without interference from the ram ways. Likewise` the `plane. supporting surfaces are so positioned astok beclearof the ram guidew ys. l 4 </p>
<p>' The complete and relative arrangement ofY planing machine reducing to a. great extent' the production cost thereof and resulting in a more accurately machined product. </p>
<p>Other lobjects and advantages will be in part indicated in the following description and in part rendered apparenttherefrom in connection with the annexed drawings. </p>
<p> To enable others skilled in the art so fully to apprehend the underlying features hereof that they may embody the same in the various ways contempla-ted by this invention, drawings depicting a preferred typical construction have been annexed as a part-.of this disclosure and, in such drawings, like charr actors of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all the views, of which Fig. 1 is a view in elevation showing portions of a Shaper machine. Fig. 2 is afront elevational view showing the cross-rail and l various means for the. adjustment thereof along its ways. F ig. 3 is arplan view of the cross-rail shown attached to the supporting frame, which frame is shown in cross section and Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the frame showing the ram guideways and the vertical guideways and supports for the cross-rail. </p>
<p> The invention,comprises certain improvee5] ments in shapers, such portions only thereof i"being shown as are necessary to a full disclosure of the invention. </p>
<p> rlhe general featuresinclude a base 1() supporting a main frame or housing 11 having gg at the upper part thereof the' horizontally ar- "i ranged spaced ram guideways 12. The forward wall 13 of thefram'e is provided with various guideways and means for supporting. </p>
<p> thereon for vertical adjustmentv the crossrail 14 which in turn carries the work-table 53 15 adapted also to be vadjusted transversely along the cross-rail. The forward wall 13 has integral therewith'the projecting brachets or flanges 1G which vhave the front and rear machined AAplane surfaces 17 and 18 re C3 spectiveiy. These llanges constitute means for supporting the cross-rail in itsadjusted position therealong. </p>
<p>The forwardV wall 13 also has machined therein the opposed guideway surfaces 19 and C3 20 adapted to receive and support the projecting bearing portion or guide 21 rigid with the cross-rail. rlhe cross-rail and table is provided with the usual shieldA 22 adapted to ono reciprocate therewith and to provide a pro- @G tection for the working parts mountedrbelow. </p>
<p> The means for adjusting the-cross-rail in its vertical positions constitute chieiy, a vertical screw dshaft 24 fixed in the base 10 and G`5 having mounted thereon the 'rotary nut 25, </p>
<p>portion 27. Rotation of the nut 25 is accoinl plished by means of shaft 24a having thc bevel pinion 26a thereon meshing with bevel gear 26. l </p>
<p>Any desired means for adjusting the table 15 transversely of the machine may be pro-V vided, such means in the present case consisting of the cross-guide 30 having the forward bearing surface 31 along which the cross-head 29 integral withthe table 15 may be moved by means of the screw shaft 32 having splined thereon a bevel gear 33 fixed against axial movement in the cross-head the hub end ofthe gear bearing against the nut 34 fixed in the cross-rail. The bevel gear 33 may be manually rotatedby means of the shaft 35 having thereon the bevel pinion 36 engaging with the bevel gear 33. For the salie of convenience in showing other parts the above gears and fined nut have been omitted in Fig. 2. v any suitable automatic means may be connected'to the horizontal shaft 3Q, for rotation thereof to likewise move the cross-head along its guides. </p>
<p> Verylrigid an'dpositive clamping means are provided for securing the cross-rail in its vertically adjusted positions consisting of the vertical slots 36 in the brackets 16 through which the spring tension bolts 37 and 33 attach to the cross-rail. Also projecting through the slots are the clamping bolts 39 having threaded thereon at their inner end and within the cross-rail the nuts 40 and 40. All of these bolts 37, 33 and 39 project through .a pair of plates 41 adapted to bear against the rear plane surfaces 18 of the brackets'li. Suitable adjusting and locking nuts are provided for each of the bolts engaging the plates 41. </p>
<p> The manually operated means for oper ating the clamping Vbolts comprise a horizontal shaft 42 mounted within the crossrail and having suitable connections such as is disclosed more fully in a` co-pending application Serial No. 2,133 lil-ed January 13, 1925 having a rack 43 and a worm 43 thereon in operative engagement with the nuts 40 and 40 whereby manual rotation of the shaft 42 byv means of a wrench 'applied to the squared end`44 thereof rota-tes nuts 40 and 40 to securely draw the cross-rail into engagement with the bearing surface 17. </p>
<p> r1`he above described elements constitute means, in combination with the centrally positioned guideways 19 and 20, for positively and rigidly securing the cross-rail to the supporting frame. rlhe provision of the slots in the brackets and the clamping bolts extending therethrough result in the cross-rail being drawn into engagement with the fiat surface 17 A.by a direct metal to *metal contact and the guideways 19 and 20 in combination therewith being centrally positioned pbetween the clamping surfaces servetoprevent any twist-ing or bowing ofthe crossfrail lsuch as might be present where the guides for the cross-rail arepositioned at the outer edges ofthe brackets '16 and thel cross-rail clamped thereto 'by an indirect angle arm projecting around the outer edge of the bracket 16. </p>
<p>The 'primary features of this invention arev most clearly illustrated in Fig. l wherein the location of the rvarious bearing and guide ysurfaces relative to each other and to the ram guideways is shown in a plan view thereof. I </p>
<p>Heretofore various of these surfaceshave been located in such position as to render-they tionthereof a much more simple operation and resulting in reduced manufacturing costs; also,'since the relative reciprocatory movement' between the cutting. tool and frameoonsists of longstrokes, the resulting surfaces are more faccuratel'y machined than if vthe strokeswere short and endedat substantially the extremities of the respective planed surfaces. L </p>
<p> In addition `to the above advantages achieved'in the process of manufacturing` the frame castings, the resulting frames also have certain definite features which provide a more rigid support for the .crossrail mountedthereon. The guideways 19 and 20 are brought closer together and nearer thecenter and the entire arrangement provides a fourepoin't support' for the cross-rail with the points of support separated by substantial distances along tbe cross-rail. </p>
<p>1 In machines of this -typethe bearing surfaces, `such as'surfac-es '17, are'nsually separated by a distance constituting a large portion of the comparativelyshort cross-rail 17. If the guideways are'positioned at, for eX- `ample, the'outer edgesV of thebrackets 16, ythe distance between the guideways is comlparatively large relative to the total length of the cross-rail and permits oftentimes seri# vous bowingordejliection of the `cross-rail at its middle portion. </p>
<p> Nhilerin many machines, it may be desirable to project the rain ways-12 a substantial amount beyond thevertical supporting 'surfaces and guideways in order that -theram may have a' rio'id support even in its most forward positions, the construction may be, and oftenlis, such thatthe ram ways eX- tendnly tofafpointfwhere they lie inthe vertical plane ofthe surfaces 17 In such cases, theends ofthe guideways caribe planed oiffinfthe same planingnoperation asI` the surfaces 17 and also the surfaces 17 may, if </p>
<p>desired, extend further toward t thevertieal guideways. With the above arrangement, the machining of theshaper frames would befaccomplished vin' substantially the same manner as in the first construction described above, theguideways 19 V'and 520 being positioned,as shown, between theguidewaysfl whereby theplanert'ool' may be reciprocated therealong without engaging the ram guideways 'and likewise the surfaces A`17 and 18 would be fullyjexposed 'for their ready ma chiningi o, i Y </p>
<p>Without further analysis,r the foregoing will sofully reveal the gist of this invention that-others can,-by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various utiliza tions byffretaining one or more'of the features that, from the standpoint of thefprior art, fairly'constitute essential 'characteris- Y tics of either the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should be, and areintended to: be, comprehendedwithin the meaning and range of equivalency of the following claims. </p>
<p> Having thus revealed this invention, I claim asnew and desire to secure therfo'llowing combinations andelements, or equivalents thereof, by Letters Patent ofUnited Stateszeq LA frame for` Shapers combining horizontally extending ram ways ;a-forward verv- 'ibo tical Ywall adapted" to supporta cross-rail; i </p>
<p>and guideways'and'supporting surfaces on said wall for said crosserail, said Yram ways extending forwardly beyond the vertical wall and said guideways and supportingsurfaces being so positioned that the longitudinal projections thereof passadjacent toybut without intersectingk the frame parts providing said ram ways. n f' v 2. shaper combining a -main 4housing having a forwardwall; a pair of spaced horizontal ram guidewaysmounted above and projecting forwardly beyond said wall; a table supporting element; means 4on said wall for adjustably mounting said element vthereon comprising vertically extending supportingv brackets arranged entirely outside-*the vertical plane'` containingy the' outer longitudinal edgesof .the respective projections-having thereon the ram guideways,said brackets jections; a 'guideonsaid element adapted to project into said guideways bearing surfaces on said element adapted to directly` engage said vertical surfaces; and means for clamping said element to said surfaces. </p>
<p> 3. A shaper frame combining a supporting wall; ram guideways extending at substantially right angles thereto and .proj ect-ing outwardly beyond said wall; and means forsupporting a work table element on said wall for adjustment at right angles to the plane of said ram ways comprising plane bearing and supporting surfaces positioned with their axes extending outside said ram ways and other guideways positioned between said ram guideways said surfaces and other guide- A ways beingv so arrangedy as to permit the straight line movement' therealong and be-V yond the frame projections providing the outer ends of said ram ways of a machining tool without engaging -said project-ions. </p>
<p> 4. A Shaper combining a frame having a forward wall; horizontal ram guideways mounted thereabove and projecting forwardly beyond said wall; a cross-rail; and means on said wall for supporting said cross-rail for vertical adjustment thereon comprising a pair of spaced vertical brackets each having la forward plane surface thereon anda vertical slot extending therethrough; vertical guideways located between said brackets and ram ways said surfaces and guideways being so arranged as to permit the movement therealong and beyond said ram .ways of a cutting tool for the complete machining thereof without interference from said rain ways;.bearing surfaces on said cross-rail for engaging said vertical guideways and surfaces; and clamping bolts attached to said cross-rail and extending through said slots. </p>
<p> 5. A Shaper combining a frame having a forward wall; a pair of spaced horizontal Yram guideways mounted. thereabove, said frame providing projections for extending said ram guideways forward of said wall; a table supporting element; and means on .said wall for adjustably mounting said element thereon and for rigidly holding said element in its adjusted positions comprising a vertical flange arranged outside the vertical plane of the outer longitudinal edge of the respective said projections, said flanges having vertical slots thereinrand forward and rear plane surfaces, and vertical guideways arranged between said flanges and the vertical planes of the inner longitudinal edges -of said projections; bearing portions on said element adapted to directly engage said guideways and forward planesurfaces; and clamping bolts attached to said element and projecting through said slot. </p>
<p> 6. A shaper frame combining ayforward vertical wall; horizontal spaced ram guide` ways mounted above said wall; and means on said wall for supporting a work table carrier comprising a vertical guideway the tool for completely machining saidsurfaces without contacting said projecting supports. </p>
<p> 7. A shaper combining a mainv frame; spaced horizontally extending ramways mounted thereon; and means for adjustably supporting a cross rail on the forward face of said frame comprising a vertically .extending guideway, a Vertical bracket on either side of said guideway having front and rear rclamping surfaces, said ramways being carried Yby supports projecting forwardly beyond said guideway and brackets with the guideway arranged so that the vertical projection thereof passes between said projecting supports and the Vertical projection of the clamping surfaces outside of said projecting supports and means for clamping said rail to said surfaces. </p>
<p>8. A shaper frame combining a forward vertical wall a pair of horizontal-ram guideway arranged above said wall, the frame being provided with supports carrying said ram guideways outwardly beyond said wall; crossail bearing and clamping surfaces on said wall arranged outside the vertical planes of the outer longitudinal edges of said rain supports; and cross-rail g'uideways arranged between the Vertical planesv of the inner longitudinal edges of said supports. </p>
<p> 9. A shaper combining a frame having a forward wall; a pair of spaced horizontal projections extending forwardly beyond said wall, said frame and projections providing spaced rain guideways; a table supporting element; means on said wall for adjustably mounting said element thereon comprising a vertical flange arranged outside the vertical plane of the outer longitudinal edge of each of said projections, said flanges having avcrtical slot and plane bearing surfaces, and vertical guideways arranged between the vertical planes of the inner longitudinal edges of said supports; and clamping bolts attached to said Velements and extending through said slots. </p>
<p> 10. A shaper combining a frame, spaced horizontal ram guideways on said frame and extending forwardly on supports projecting from said frame; a cross rail; and means for supporting said cross rail on said Vframe coniprising vertically extending clamping surfaces arranged to the outer side yof the vertical planes containingthe outer longitudinal edoesrespectively vof said supports, means for clamping the cross rail thereto, and vertically extending guideway surfaces for said -ral 'so arranged tht the longitudinal projectons thereof pass between said supports, </p>
<p>"whereby a euttingtool may Vbe passedalong *Said surface-s and beyond said ram guide- 'Way supports Without interference with the Y scribed my name. </p>
<p>WILLIAM F. ZIMMERMANN. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2090273-A
|
US-69447933-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24788994
| 1937-08-17
| 1933-10-20
| 1937-08-17
|
137/390.
|
A01N1/02
|
A01N1/00
|
WAGNER ROY L
|
Embalming device
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Aug. 17, 1937. R. 1 WAGNER EMBALMING DEVICE Filed Oct. 20, .1953 </p>
<p>Patented Aug. 17, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims. </p>
<p> The present invention relates to a device for holding and dispensing a liquid under predetermined conditions and particularly to a device for holding and dispensing embalming liquids which are to be injected by gravity. However, the </p>
<p>device of this invention is not limited to such use as it may be used in connection with syringes, and in hospitals. laboratories, and similar places where a regular, constant, and slow flow of a liquid is desired, and when it is desired that the rate of flow shall at all times be visually indicated to the operator. </p>
<p> Receptacles which have heretofore been used for holding embalming liquids that are to be dispensed by gravity have not been entirely satisfactory in that no provision was made for obtaining a constant iiow of the liquid regardless of the amount of liquid in the receptacle. Due to the change in the hydrostatic head the flow would be greater at the beginning of the injection than at the end. Also such receptacles had no means whereby the operator could at all times see at what rate the liquid was being injected and consequently immediately be apprised of a stoppage of the ow of the liquid due to an obstruction in the body. Furthermore, in such receptacles, no means were provided for preventing air from entering the body after the last of the liquid was injected with the result that tissue gas frequently formed in the body. </p>
<p> The present invention overcomes the objections to embalming devices that have heretofore been used by providing a main transparent liquidholding receptacle and by providing between that receptacle and the injection needle means for regulating and visually indicating to the operator the rate at which the liquid is being injected into the body. </p>
<p>The regulating and indicating means preferably comprises a transparent chamber for receiving the liquid from the main receptacle which acts as a reservoir for the liquid to be injected. This chamber contains float actuated valves which control the admission and discharge of the liquid to and from the chamber. That valve is so controlled that a predetermined amount of the liquid will be maintained in the dispensing chamberl as long as liquid remains in the reservoir chamber. The outlet valve is maintained open as long as a predetermined amount of liquid remains in the chamber, but in normal operation closes before all of the liquid is dispensed from the chamber so that the tube leading therefrom 5,; to the injection needle will remain filled with the liquid and air cannot pass therethrough and into the body. However, means are provided whereby the operator may, if he so desires, cause the last of the liquid to ilow from the dispensing chamber. 5 </p>
<p> As the liquid flows from the main reservoir receptacle into the dispensing chamber it is deiiected to one side so that the operator may see at what rate the liquid is flowing into the dispensing chamber and consequently the rate at 10 which it is being injected intoy the body. Of course, if the ow from the dispensing chamber to the body ceases, liquid no longer lflows into the dispensing chamber and that fact immediately is made apparent to the operator. 15 </p>
<p> Advantages other than those enumerated above will appear from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, but it is to be understood that this further disclosure and description is by Way of exemplication and that the invention is not limited thereto except as is specifically pointed out in the appended claims. </p>
<p>In the drawing, </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an embodiment of the invention; </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through the dispensing chamber and the lower portion of the main reservoir receptacle; </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view through 30 the outlet valve of the dispensing chamber showing the same open for draining the chamber; and </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2. </p>
<p> In the drawing I is a generally cone-shaped, transparent or glass liquid holding receptacle provided with handles 2 formed on opposite sides, adjacent the upper edge, whereby the receptacle may be suspended from a ceiling or other support. The formation of the handles integrally with the body eliminates the necessity of attaching a metal band such as is ordinarily used for suspending such receptacle and which obstructs the view to the upper part of the receptacle. If desired, the glass receptacle l may be suitably` graduated so that the operator may note the eX- act amount of the liquid'remaining in the receptacle or the amount which has already been dispensed therefrom. </p>
<p> The receptacle I diverges upwardly and the entire upper end is left open so that it will be easy to introduce the liquid to be dispensed. </p>
<p>Located between the reservoir receptacle l and The glass vessel 4 is rigidly held in the metal frame consisting of a top member 1, a bottom member G, and tie rods 9 located on diametrically u' of the rods B. </p>
<p>. of the rubber tube is opposite sides of the vessel. The top member 1 forms a closure for the open upper end ofthe vessel 4 and has its edge I0 flanged to extend beyond and around the upper side of the vessel. i </p>
<p>A suitable vent 1 is provided so that a uniform flow of liquid from the vessel may be obtained. The bottom lmember `8 is shaped to conform to the hemispherical bottonrof` the vessel 4 and is provided with an opening II through which the nipple 5 and the rubber tube 6 pass. The end ilared as at I2 to provide suitable packing between the vessel 4 and the bottoni member 8. The bottom member 8, like the top member 1, has a flange I3 which extends outwardly beyond the vessel 4. The flanges I and have aligned openings for the tie rods 9. The cpeningsin the flange I0 are slightly larger than the rods 9 so that the rods may freely pass therethrough while the openings in the flange I3 are threaded to receive the threaded lower ends The upper ends of the rods y9 are provided with wings I4 so that the rods may readily be turned with the ngers to screw their lower ends into the threaded openings of the lower member 8 to rigidly connect the upper and lower members to the vessel 4. </p>
<p> When the dispensing chamber is connected directly to the receptacle I a connecting member i5 having a threaded lower end is inserted in the tapering neck at the lower end of the receptacle I I and the threaded end screwed into a threaded central opening I6 in the top member 1 until the receptacle is rigidly secured to the top member. A. resilient washer I1 may be interposed between the head I8 of the member I5 and the neck of the receptacle I to prevent breakage of the latter, and a packing washer I9 is preferably placed between the neck of the receptacle I and the top member l of the dispensing chamber to insure a liquidtight connection at that point. The head I8 of the connecting member I5 is kerfed at 20 to facilitate screwing the member into the top member 1. </p>
<p> Liquid passes from the receptacle I to the dispensing chamber through the connecting member iii, and to that end the connecting member is provided with a relatively small bore 2| at its upper end and a relatively large bore 22 extending from the bore 2| to the lower end of the member. </p>
<p>For cont-(rolling the flow of liquid fromthe receptacle I to thedispensing chamber, and from the dispensing chamber to the injecting needle 3, </p>
<p>a hollow metal float 23 is located within the vessel and is xedly secured .on a .valve rod 24 which has its upper end extending into thebore 22 of the connecting member I5 at the upperend of the chamber and its lower end extending through the `nipple 5 at the bottom of the vessel. The diameter of the valve rod is considerably less than'the diameter of the bore 22 of the member l5 and the inner diameter of the nipple `5 so that ample space is provided for the liquid to flow about the rod through the bore 22 and the nipple 5. However, the diameter of the rod is greater than that of the bore 2| of the member I5. The upper end of the rod 24 is provided with a conical valve 25 so that when a predetermined amount of liquid has flowed from the receptacle I-into the vessel 4 and has caused the float 23 therein to rise, the valve 25 will seat against the end of the bore 2| and prevent further flow of the liquid into the vessel 4 until some of the liquid therein flows out through the nipple 5. </p>
<p> Positioned within the rubber tube 6 adjacent the lower end of the nipple 5 is a cylindrical valve member 26 which has the lower end thereof closed except for a central opening 21 through which liquid from the vessel 4 may flow to the injection needle. The lower end of the valve rod 24 is provided with a conical valve 28 which, when the float 23 descends, is caused to seat on the edges of the opening 21 and prevent further discharge of the liquid from `the vessel 4."r The float 23 will be so made that the valve 28 will be caused to seat on the edges of the opening 21 just before all of the Vliquid ows from the vessel 4 so that the tube ,6 will remain filled with the liquid in order to prevent air from passing through the tube into the bodywhere it would form tissue gas. However, if the operator desiresto drain the Vessel 4 it is only necessary that he grasp the valve member 26 with his fingers and pull it down to the position shown in Fig. 3. When the valve member 26 is lowered to that extent, the float 23 will rest on the bottom of the glass vessel 4 and the valve k28 will be suspended above operator release the member 26 when, due to the resiliency of the rubber tube, vit will bereturned to the posit-ion shown in 2. </p>
<p> vIn Fig. 2 the vessel is shown as being empty and with the valve 23 resting on the edges of the opening 21. AIl." liquid is now poured into the vessel 4 it will flow through the and down around the valve rod 24 until it encounters the deflector 29. It will then run along the surface of the deflector and drip from the lower edge thereof into the bottom of the vessel 4. When a predetermined amount of the liquid hask run into the vessel 4 the float 23l will rise and open the valve 21. On continued upward movement of the float the valve 25 will engage the edges of the bore 2| to stop further flow lfrom the receptacle I. of liquid flowing from the receptaclefl will be in accordance with into the body, and as the flow will be deflected by and dropped from the disc 2B, the operator may readily see at what rate the liquid is being injected, or if the flow through the needle stops due to an obstruction in the body that fact can also be noted by the operator. After all ofthe liquid has flowed from the receptacle I into the gradually cause the float `23 to be lowered until the valve 28 yengages the edges of the opening 21 and stops further discharge from the vessel` 4. Thereafter if it is desired to'drain the vessel 4 26 and lower itin the' mannerV previously described. f </p>
<p> The rubber tubing i is graduated `as vshown at B' so that the operator may determine at 'just therefrom. As soon as all Thereafter, the amount the amount being injected bores 2| and 22 :'45 </p>
<p>vessel 4, further discharge from the vessel 4 will '65 the operator needonly grasp the valve `member what pressure the embalming liquid is being injected. That is desirable as the pressure at the injection nozzle should vary depending upon the cause of death, size of body, condition of body, and other conditions which the undertaker has to contend with. As the iioat 23 maintains a constant hydraulic head on the liquid in the tube 6 to get any desired pressure at the injection nozzle it is only necessary to raise or lower the reservoir receptacle I. The graduations 6 read downwardly from the vessel 4 so in order to read the pressure existing at the injection nozzle it is only necessary to hold the receptacle l directly over the point of injection and read down the tube to a point level with the injection point. </p>
<p> From the aforegoing, itl will be apparent that the present invention provides a satisfactory and eiiicient means for dispensing a liquid under a regular and constant ow, and where it is desirable that the rate at which the liquid is dispensed shall at all times be visually indicated to the operator. Furthermore, the `present invention provides a device which is particularly adapted for dispensing an embalming liquid by gravity and for cutting off the flow of that liquid before the supply is entirely exhausted whereby air is prevented from entering the body where it would form tissue gas. </p>
<p>I claim:- </p>
<p> 1. A device for injecting liquids by gravity which comprises a reservoir receptacle, a dispensing chamber located beneath said reservoir receptacle and in communication therewith, said dispensing chamber having at least a portion of the wall thereof transparent, a vertically operating valve for closing the passage between the reservoir receptacle and the dispensing chamber, and a deflector on the valve stem for causing liquid iiowing therealong to be deflected therefrom in a single stream and to cause the rate at which liquid is iiowing into said dispensing chamber to be visually indicated. </p>
<p> 2. In a device of the character described, a dispensing chamber having a discharge outlet, a rubber tube having one end thereof secured to the dispensing chamber for conducting away liquid which passes through said outlet, a valve seat in said tube, a valve cooperating with said seat and operable to seat thereon when liquid in the dispensing chamber reaches a predetermined low level, said rubber tubing permitting the valve seat to be moved away from said valve a sulcient distance after the Valve has seated thereon to permit the dispensing chamber to be drained. </p>
<p> 3. In a device of the character described, a reservoir receptacle, a dispensing chamber in communication therewith and having a discharge outlet including a valve seat, means for regu- 4. In a device of the character described, a </p>
<p>reservoir receptacle, a dispensing chamber in communication therewith and having a discharge outlet including a valve seat, means for regulating the flow of liquid from the reservoir receptacle to the dispensing chamber in accordance with the rate at which liquid is dispensed from said chamber, a valve cooperating with said seat and operable to close the outlet when liquid in the dispensing chamber reaches a predetermined low level, and means whereby said seat may be moved away from said valve a dis'- tance sufficient to permit the dispensing chamber to be drained. </p>
<p> 5. In a device of the character described, a reservoir receptacle, a dispensing chamber in communication therewith having a discharge outlet, means' for regulating the flow of liquid from the reservoir receptacle to the dispensing chamber in accordance with the rate at which liquid flows from said chamber, a rubber tube having one end thereof secured to the dispensing chamber for conducting away liquid which passes through said outlet, a valve seat in said tube, a valve cooperating with said seat and operable to close the outlet when liquid in the dispensing chamber reaches a predetermined low level, said rubber tube permitting the valve seat to thereafter be moved from said valve a distance suiiicient to permit the dispensing chamber to be drained. </p>
<p> 6. In a device of the character described, a reservoir receptacle, a dispensing chamber in communication therewith and having a discharge outlet, a float controlled valve for regu lating .the flow of liquid to said dispensing chamber, a rubber tube having one end thereof secured to the dispensing chamber for conducting away liquid which passes through the outlet therefrom, a valve seat in said tube, a float controlled valve cooperating with said seat and operable to seat thereon when the liquid in the dispensing chamber reaches a predetermined low level, said rubber tubing permitting the valve seat thereafter to be moved from said valve a distance sufcient to permit the draining of the dispensing chamber. </p>
<p>ROY L. WAGNER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1106604-A
|
US-1912694669-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3174796
| 1914-08-11
| 1912-05-02
| 1914-08-11
|
56/465.
| null |
C07B2200/07
|
WARE JOSEPH L
|
Binder-head.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>J. L. WARE. </p>
<p>BINDER HEAD. </p>
<p>- APPLICATIQN TILED MAY 2, 1912. 1,106,604,, Patented Aug. 11,1914. </p>
<p>4 SHEETS-SHEET l. </p>
<p>J. L. WARE. </p>
<p>BINDER HEAD. </p>
<p> m PM mm Z 5 mm 5 MW N R N. M </p>
<p> An mm m4 7 MN ww N a m mm JV 5 m & </p>
<p>m WW1 inm m E pg 4 mm v 45 W O r Q L M 0m J L WARE BINDER HEAD. </p>
<p>I APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1912. 1,106,604. Patented Aug. 11, 1914, </p>
<p>4 SHEETS-SHEET 3. </p>
<p> m MS w vm m w l V 4 a mw a w .m mm Q J lHE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO-LITHO. WASHINGTONJD, </p>
<p>J. L. WARE. </p>
<p> BINDER HEAD. APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1912 </p>
<p>Patented Au 11,1914, </p>
<p>4 SHEETS-SHEET 4, </p>
<p>THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO-LITHO. WASHINGTON, D. C. </p>
<p>rrnD STATES PATENT orrron. </p>
<p>Josnrn L. WARE, </p>
<p>or sr. PAUL, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR TO WARE GRAIN BINDER BINDER-HEAD. </p>
<p>Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented Aug. 11, 1914. </p>
<p>Application filed May 2, 1912. Serial No. 694,669. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, JOSEPH L. WARE, of St. Paul, Ramsey county, Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Binder-Heads, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> My invention relates to means for securing a cord around a bundle of grain, corn, hay, or other material,-and is designed as an improvement over a portion of the mechanism shown and described in my pending application filed May 1, 1909, Serial No. 493,325. </p>
<p> My invention consists generally in various constructions and combinations, all as here inafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a ver tical sectional view through'a, binder with by invention parts in their normal position before the movement of the needle to bind the bundle, Fig. 2 is a similar View showing the position of the parts when the needle has carried the cord around thebundle and the parts are in position to place the clip on the crossed portions of the cord, Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view, showing the operating parts of the binder head in their normal position, Fig. 4 is an end view of the. same, Fig. 5 is a view, partially in section, taken on the opposite side of the binder head from the View shown in Fg. 3, Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the mechanism for feeding the ribbon, Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view showing the position assumed by the parts preparatory to the operation of folding the clip around the cord, Fig. 8 is a detail view, partially in section, showing the position of the parts when the folding operation has been completed, Fig. 9 is a detail view of one of the jaws, Fig. 10 is a detail view of the cord severing knife, Fig. 11 is a similar view, showing the operation of the combined severing knife and cord holder, Figs. 12 and 13 illustrate the manner'of placing the clip on the cord. </p>
<p> In the drawing, 2 represents the deck of a binder, 3 the needle, 3 a packer arm, the operation of the needle and the packer. arms, </p>
<p>being controlled by the trip lever 4 operated through mechanism at the opposite side of applied thereto, showing the the deck in the usual wayon machines of this type. </p>
<p> knotter head usually employed with a binder is mounted. The frame 6 of the binder has a hub 7 that is adapted to slip on to the shaft 5, and on this frame the clip forming and folding mechanism is mounted. A disk 8 is secured on the shaft 5 and provided with cam surfaces which I will designate by reference numerals 9 and 10. A plate 11 is secured to one side of the disk and projects radially thereon toward its periphery. A lever 12 is pivotedat 13 on the hub 7 and is provided with a projecting arm 14 having thereon and spaced apart suiiiciently to receive the edge of the disk 8 so that in the revolution of the disk the lever 12 will be oscillated back and forth. 1 </p>
<p> A plunger 17 is arranged to slide hori Zontally between a fixed jaw 18 provided has a longitudinal a cutting edge 26 near aslot 27, through which the metallic ribbon 28 is fed. </p>
<p> The mechanism which I prefer to employ for this feeding operation comprises a lower 7 roll 29, an upper roll 30 having a gear connection 31 with the lower roll, said lower roll being pivoted at 32 and provided with a lever 33 and a spring 34 hearing on said lever and holding the roll 29 in contact with the roll 30 with a yielding pressure. The </p>
<p>roll 30 is journaled in a wall 35, while the roll 29 is free to oscillate 'on its pivotal support. These rolls are preferably arranged within a chamber 36 having a door 37 leading thereto and in the upper part of this chamber a lever 38 is mounted, having one end adapted to bear on the knife 20 and provided with a dog 39 at its other end which anti-friction rollers 15 l and 16 mounted with a longitudinal guide-way 19 and an I upstroke of the knife ing the depression s.) The '40 42 and wing movement of this knife will tilt the "lever 38,=.-revolve the rolls to feed the ribbon be tween them and on the downward move- 15' ment of the knife the spring 41 'will lift the dog 39 so that it will again catch the teeth of the upper'roll to feed the'ribbon on the The plate 11,' durof theknife 20, bears on one of the rollers 44 and holds the knife in 7 its depressed positionso that-it forms a portion of the guide-way for the plunger during the operation of passing the clip around the cord. </p>
<p> At the forward end of the stationary jaw is a curved 7 7 also having a curved face and the face 45 the cord the operation of placing the clip thereon. The jaw 46 is mounted on' a lever I anti-friction roller .50 that is'engaged'by the cam surface 10 on the disk 8 and rocked at a predetermined point in the operation of the mechanism to move the jaw 46 forward to rip the crossed portions of the cord and hold'them firmly during the operation of. </p>
<p>folding the clip around the cord; 1 (See Fig. lever 48 has apart between the pivot 49. and the roller 50 that is slightly flexible to compensate for any variation in the thickness of the cord that is gripped be tween the movable and stationary jaws. This lever also has a spring 48 (see Fig. 3) whichnormally tendsto hold the movable jaw in its retracted position. The'jaw 46 is preferably composed of plates spaced apart, as indicated in Fig. '9, having grooves or re- -cesses in their. edges which are adapted to receive the end of the clip and guide it around the crossed portions of thecord, and each plate has a projecting toe portion operatingto guide the crossed portions of the cord against the'curv'ed face 47 and cooperate with the fixed jaw to hold the portions of the cord securely while the clip is being clamped thereon. </p>
<p> At the lower end of the jaw 46 is a stud 51 which enters a slot 52 in a disk 58 pivoted at 54 on the frame of the binder head. Then this jaw 46 movesforward toward the cord, </p>
<p>. this disk will be rotated to'swing in under the cord and lift it upso'that the lower end of the movable jaw will pass under the cord and guide it into the curved faces of'the face 45 and opposite this aw is "a movable jaw 46, i 47, between which is gripped during 48 pivotedat 49 and having an: </p>
<p>jaws. Backward movement ofthe disk 53 is limited by a stop 55. I also'prefer to provide a spring 56 and a rod 57 pivotally connected withthe disk 53, so that when the disk is swung across the throat of the binder head the spring 56 will be put'unaer tension i to return thedisk. to its normal position. The. disk 53, in addition to its functionof raising and supporting the 'cord,.al so clears 1: V </p>
<p>the throat of any straw. or foreign-matter that may havecollected therein cutter 58 and a sliding. blade 59 having a recess 60 therein, the outer wall of said recess being provided with a cutting-edgefilanda Near the movable aw ls :acombinedcord holder and knlfeyconsisting'ofa statlon'ary blunt or pp ng e ge 61'. This blade. is </p>
<p>normally held in its retracted position a spring. 62 and" is projected preferably. by meansof 'a lever. 63- pivoted -at .64 onthe frame ..ofthe binder headlandhaving one end projecting into" a camigroove 65on-the shaft 5. The stationary-cutterz58.has'a cut} ting edge 66. which potiperates with the cut ting edge 61 of the movable blade tosever blade being arranged in' connection iwithj'asu1table means,'.:such asthe spring 67', to </p>
<p> '90 "j the 'cord which is laidfin the path. of the 1 cutting. edge on the; reurnstroke. of. the needle, the blunt: or roundedp'ortion of the w first grip the cordbe'fore the cutting'edge 66 engages and savers-it to rele'asetheinewly f bound: bundlegi fWhen this has been done," </p>
<p>the bound bundle I may 'be'fd'ischarged from the machine, while one end lof the cor-d is gripped .injthe holder preparatory; ;,to the formation Of-LflllOthQI:blll1 dli.r The-tension 7 of the; spring army be? increased or "cle creasedbytheadjustmentoffthe set screw 68.; 1 j 1 O In the operation: of. the mechanism, the grain will .be delivered to the Zbinder deck and packed in the. usual way by theipackerl arms and at a predetermined time the needle will carry up. the cord. and lay it across the end portion that is-gripped by the" cord holder. When this has been done; the movable jaw will be actuated and will rotate V the disk 53 to-lraise-the cord and. clear the throatand cooperate with the stationaryjaw to grip firmly. the crossed portions of the wiseby the plunger 17fand folded around U i. </p>
<p>rated. the clip will" be squeezed securely on a V the cord, as'indicated in Fig. 18. On. the return stroke of the needle the cord will be laidin the recess 60 and thegripping and 7 severing operationperformedin the manner described. </p>
<p>heads applied to; a harvester for binding; </p>
<p>,bundles of graingwbut ityis evident that fa i have shown niy impr'oive'rnent in binderrf cord. The clip having been :s'e'veredby the; operation-of theknife 20,will be moved end- Considerable portion of this mechanism could be employed for binding a cord around a bundle of grain, hay, or other material which it is desirableor customer-y to put up in bundles or bales. a </p>
<p>I claim as my invention j 1. The combination, with a binder deck, of a cord holder, means for packing the grain against the cord, a needle arranged to bring up the loose end of the cord and lay it across that portion held by said holder, a ribbon feeding device including cooperating rolls, an oscillating knife arranged to cut a clip from the ribbon, means for operating said knife, means actuated bythe movement of said knife for revolving said rolls to feed the ribbon, and means for bending the clip around the contiguous portions of the cord. </p>
<p> 2. In a binder head, a cord holder, means arranged to bring. up the loose end of the cord and lay it across that portion held by said holder, a ribbon feeding device including cooperating rolls, an oscillating knife and means for operating the same, a lever having one end yieldingly held in contact with said knife, a dog carried by said lever and adapted to engage and operate said rolls, said lever oscillating with the movement of said knife to impart a rotary movement to said rolls. </p>
<p> 3. The combination, with a binder deck, of a cord holder, means for packing the grain against the cord, a needle arranged to bring up the cord and lay it across that portion held by said holder, a ribbon feeding device, including cotiperating. rolls, a clip severing knife and means for operating the same, a spring pressed lever engaging said knife to be actuated thereby, a dog carried by said lever and adapted to engage and revolve said rolls. </p>
<p> 4:. In a binderhead, acord holder, means for bringing together the portions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder in which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and means actuated by one of said jaws for clearing said throat preliminary to the clamping operation. </p>
<p> 5. In a binder head, a cord holder, means for bringing together therportions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throat being provided contiguous to said j aws and holder in which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and means actuated by the movement of one of said jaws for clearing said throat preliminary to the clamping operation. </p>
<p> 6. In a binder head, a cord holder and means for bringing together the portions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder and in which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and a disk operatively connected with one of said jaws and actuated thereby to clear said throat. </p>
<p> 7. In a binder-head, means for bringing together the portions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws, a holder in which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and means operating at an angle to the plane of said jaws and actuated thereby for lifting said cord. </p>
<p> 8. In a binder head, a cord holder, means for bringing together the portions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder in which the portions of the cord to be securedtogether lie, a disk disposed beneath one of said jaws and operated thereby and adapted to move across said throat and support the cord therein during the clamping operation. </p>
<p> 9. In a binder head, a cord holder, means for bringing together the portions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder and in which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, a disk horizontally arranged and having a slot therein to receive a pin on'one of said jaws whereby, when said jaw is operated, said disk will be moved back and forth across said throat, and a stop for limiting the rotary movement of said disk. </p>
<p> 10. In a binder-head, a cord holder comprising relatively reciprocating members having opposing gripping jaws between which the cord is held and located on one side of said members, said members also having severing edges located on the opposite side thereof, said severing members operating to cut the cord between the holder and the bundle while said gripping members grip the free end of the cord so severed. </p>
<p> 11. The combination, with a deck, of a cord holder including a movable jaw having a cutting and a gripping edge and means cooperating therewith for successively gripping the cord and severing it, means for packing the material to be bound against the cord, a needle arranged to bring up the loose end of the cord and lay it across that portion held by said holder, means for placing a clip around the crossed portions of the cord, means for opening said holder to release the end of the cord held thereby, the needle on its return movement laying the cord in the open holder, the closing of said holder operating to sever the cord between the holder and said clip and release the bundle and grip one end preparatory to binding another bundle. </p>
<p>12. The combination, with a deck, of a cord holder having means for cutting the cord and means for gripping it, means for packing the material to be bound against 7 the cord, a needle arranged to bring up the holder operating to sever the cord between V the holder and said clip and, release the bundle and grip one severed end preparatory to binding another bundle. </p>
<p>13. In. a binder head, a cordiholder hav ing means for cuttingthe Cord andlrneans for-gripping it, means for openingtheholder to release the end of the cord gripped there'- by, said cutting-means operating tog sever the cord between'the holder and the bundle, </p>
<p>and said gripping means 'engagingvonei s'evr ered' end preparatory tobinding another V bundle when said rcord' holder is released by I V e :i v .7: In witness .whereof l hav'e'hereunto "set;- my hand this-2 7 '1 .day of April 1912. j 1] I r :L-rW J: J </p>
<p>saidiopeningmeans. </p>
<p> Witnesses: </p>
<p>V ZGENEVIEVEKE. SQRENSE 'M i EDWARn-A. PAUL. </p>
<p> iCepies of this patent maybe obtained'for fire cents each, by eiddfes'singtlie f bbnim i slsiloner 'ofrfatents f 1' </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1623758-A
|
US-10748926-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22316891
| 1927-04-05
| 1926-05-07
| 1927-04-05
|
132/227.
|
A45D6/02
|
A45D6/02
|
PETER SANTURELLO
|
Hair-curling apparatus
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>P. SANTURELLO HAIR CURLING APPARATUS April 5, 1927. 1,623,758 </p>
<p>Filed May 7. 1926 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Pefer janfurafla INVENTOR; </p>
<p>A TTORNEY 1,623,758 Ap 5, 1927' P. SANTURELLO HAIR CURLING APPARATUS Filed May '7; 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 W, 27 30 L Z (ml! Pefer 5a/7/urz//0 V'INVENYTOR. </p>
<p> 1 April 7 P. SANTURELLQ HAIR CURLING APPARATUS Filed May '7, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. </p>
<p>A TTORNEY 0 M w f M 5 f m P I Patented Apr. 5 1927. </p>
<p> PETER SANTURELLO, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO. </p>
<p> HAIR-CURLING APPARATUS. </p>
<p>1 Application filed May '2, 1926. Serial No. 107,489. </p>
<p>My invention relates broadly to a hair curling apparatus and has to do particularly withjtheprovision of a device for winding hair upon a mandrel'and for simultaneously. </p>
<p>5 covering such hair with a tape. </p>
<p>In the past, in the permanent waving of hair, it has been the practice to secure-a: </p>
<p>mandrel to a lock or bunch of hair'a djacent the scalpiby means ofa piece -;of string or the like and to then 'wind or .coil the hair I by hand about the mandrel and secure the remote ends thereof to the mandrel by a second piece of string. The hair so wound about the ,niandrel was then coveredby a spirally wrapped tape and then subjected to heat. This process is not only laborious, colnp'icated and slow but it involves the use of various-tools for .tensioning the hair upon the mandrel, which is usuallypro- 0 vided with a ratchet mechanism for securing the hair in taut position. Also the winding of the-hair and tape requires considerable skill on the part of. the-operator and uniform and satisfactory results are not always 3 obtained. </p>
<p>- invention. provides, among other things, mechanism for securing a mandrel to the hair without the use of' strings, et cetera; mechanical means for winding .or </p>
<p>) coi'ing the hair upon the mandrel and for simultaneously covering such hair with a spirally woundtape; and means for stretchin. and overlapping the successive spirals of hair and .tape toobtain tightly and uniformly wound curls of hair. f </p>
<p> The principal object of my'inventionjis the provision of means whereby the curling and tape wrapping operations may be rap idly accomplished without damaging the hair or requiring the services of a skilled operator. </p>
<p>' Another object of my invention is the provision of a positive, effective and easily manipulated gripping and locking device for attaching the mandrel to a lock of hair adjacent the scalp. </p>
<p> A further object of my invention is the provision of a device for mechanically winding hair about a mandrel in a manner which ensures overlapping of the successive spirals and produces deep uniform, and equally tensioned curls. </p>
<p> A still further object of my invention is the provision of mechanism for'wra ping a tape around the hair upon the man el and -for performing this tape winding operation simultaneously with the hair winding oper- I atlon. </p>
<p>Another 'object of my invention is the provision 'of means for securing the wound ha rJ-and tape upon the mandrel during the subsequent. dampening and heating operation. </p>
<p> Still another object of my invention is the provision of means for securing the mandrel and heating apparatus together during the steaming of the hair. </p>
<p> Other important features of my inven tion will appear as the description progresses and will be more particularly defined in the appended claims. v The various objects of my invention may be obtained bvlthe embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein similar reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the several figures and wherein-- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a curling mandrel showing my improved hair grip- ,ping and locking device attached thereto; </p>
<p> Figure 2 is an end elevation of the hair gripping and locking device shown in Figure 1; </p>
<p>" Figure 3 is a perspective view of the mandrel and gripping device shown in Figure 1 with parts disassembled and showing the manner of securing the different parts in operative relation, and the spirally recessed plates which co-act to attach'the mans drelf to a lock of hair; </p>
<p> Figure 4 is a perspective view of the device employed for winding the hair and tape around the mandrel; </p>
<p> Figure 5 is a perspective view similar-to Figure 4 but showing the opposite s1de of the winder and particularly the slot through which the tape enters Figure 6 is a perspective view of the tape containing shell and parts for attaching it to the winder; I p p Figure 7 is a perspective view of the winder and'tape container in assembled relation; </p>
<p> Figure 8 is a perspective view of one form of spring clip for securing the mandrel within the heating apparatus; </p>
<p>Figure 9 is3aperspective view showing the mandrel, hair winder and tape container" in assembled relation and a lock of hair secured in the gripping head preparatory to the hair and tape winding operation; </p>
<p>' Figure 10 is a perspective view similar w ardly depending flange 6 carrying astop" to Figure 9 showing the hair partially wo'und upon the mandrel and the tape covering the wound hair; </p>
<p> Figure 11 is a side elevational view showing the hair and tape winding operations completed, the tape container having been removed from the winder and the mandrel secured within the heating apparatus; </p>
<p> Figure 12 is a perspective view showing a modified winder; </p>
<p>Figure 13 is a perspective view showingthe same winder as is shown in Figure 12 but with parts in dotted lines to show the interior thereof; </p>
<p> Figure 14 is a side elevational view show-* ing in particular an adapter whereby my novel mandrel and winder may be fitted to heaters of difi'er'ent sizes and designs; </p>
<p> Figure 15 is a side elevational view, partly broken away to show the interior of the adapter shown in Figure 14 and the spring clip for holding the mandrel in assembled relation therewith; </p>
<p> Figure 16 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 1616 of Figure 15; </p>
<p>Figure 17 is a transverse sectional view a lockof hair in close proximity to the scalp. </p>
<p> This gripping device comprises the superimposed plates 2 and 3 which are preferably co-axially mounted and formed with the opposed spiral recesses or slots 4 and 5 for a purpose which will hereafter appear. The lower plate 2 may be formed with a down- 7, a centrally disposed externally threaded pro ect1on'8, adapted to interfit with the internally threaded end 9 of the mandrel 1, and an oppositely extending internallythreaded post 10 forming a bearing portion for the upper plate 3. .The upper plate 3 may be formed'with a flange 11 which encloses part of the flange 6 of the plate 2 whenthe two plates are superimposed, and, may also-be provided with lugs 12 and 13 which abut the stop 7 formed on the flange 6 of the plate 2 when the upper plate is revolved or oscillated about the post 10. </p>
<p>, The two plates 2 and 3 may be secured incontacting relation by meansof a screw 14 'WllHll engages a threadedsocket in the post 10.. The head of screw 14 is preferably have been revolved'pr oscillated. </p>
<p>countersunk or positioned in the cup 15 formed on plate 3 and a resilient washer or spring 16 may be interposed between the cup-15 and the head of screw 14 for increasing the friction between plates 2 and 3. With the construction justdescribed, the plates 2 and 3 are revoluble or 'oscillatable main in any relative position to which they hen in the position shown in Figures 1- and 2 a lock of hair may be inserted in opening 17 and either plate revolved relatively to the other by turning plate 3 by means of prm jection 18 or by turning mandrel 1 to which the plate 2 is secured. The plates 2 and 3 are arranged in overlapping relation and the screw 14: countersunk or encased by cup 15 to prevent the hair from becoming entangled or fast in the device when in use. </p>
<p> In the use of the grippingdevice just described, when a lock of hair on the scalp has been segregated and positioned in the vopening 17, one of the plates 2 or 3 is revolved or turned with relation to the other and tlie spiral slots 4 and 5 progressively eclipse-the opening 17 until'the mandrel is tightly, secured to the hair, as shown in Figure 9. The friction between plates 2 and 3 will be sufi icient to prevent loosening of the plates or disengagement of the hair during succeeding operations. The opening 17 first completely encloses the hair and then becomes progressively smaller as the plates 2 and 3 are revolved, and my invention thus provides means for accommodating different sized locks or bunches of hair. </p>
<p> The winding device for wrapping or coiling the'hair around the mandrel 1 comprises a hook-like outwardly extending finger 19, a relatively narrow helical slot 20 which communicates with a comparatively larger opening 21 and an internallyenlarged cup portion 22 which is formed in continuation of the main body portion 23. "The centrally bored main body portion 23' of 'thewinder may be provided with thevoppositely disposed ribs 24 and 25 and a projection 26 for a purpose to be hereafter explained. The main body portion 23 is also preferably with reference to each other and they reformed withtlie externally threaded spring "segments '27 that are separated by slots 28 and carry a knurled nut 29 which is adapted to .constrict the opening 30.when screwed onto the slightlytaper'ing segments 27 and so hold the winder in any desired position upon the mandrel. The enlarged cup portion 22 is designed-to contain the lock or bunch of hair 31 (Figure 10) which is car-' ried thereinto by the finger 19 and helical slot 20, and thelip 32 functions to smooth and stretch the hair as it is being wound.- </p>
<p>The helical slot 20 and opening 31 are preferably proportioned to carry the hair into the cup port1on 22, stretch it and overlap the successive spirals to form uniform, </p>
<p> deep and properly tensioned curls or coils upon the mandrel. </p>
<p> One of the principal objects of my -invention is the provision of means for simultaneously' wrapping the hair being wound upon the mandrel with a tape. Therefore, I have provided a tape container which is adapted to be removably attached to the winder. This tape container asbest shown in Figure 6 comprises a shell 33 which is and 24 of the winder and the bracket slid onto the winder until stopped by the dent 40 abutting against themain body portion 23 of the winder. When in this position the bracket may be revolved slightly with reference to the winder, whereupon the notch 39 will engage with the projection-26 and Figures 'tioned, in the above so effectually prevent the bracket from moving lengthwise of the winder during subsequent operations' When properly posidescribed manner the slot 35 of the tape containing shell 33 will register with the tape slot 41 or the winder. ie tape employed is preferably of cloth thereof may he slipped onto the central spindle '34 of the tape container 33 and its free end projected through the slot 35. The free end of the roll of .tape 42 may. be tapered or cut away as clearly shown 'in 9 and 10. After the roll of tape has been positioned upon the spindle 34 and its free end threaded through slot 35, the bracket 36 maybe attached to the winder and the free end of the tape passed through slot 41. WVhen thus assembled and the winder slid onto the mandrel the device presents the appearance shownin Figure 9.- </p>
<p> In 'opera-t on, when the mandrel 1 has been secured to a previously segregated lock or bunch of hair adjagent the scalp by/revolw mg or oscillating either of theplates 2 or 3 as previouslydescribed, the winder is'slid into contact with the underside of platc'2 the hair engaged under finger 19 and the winder revolved whereupon the hair will be carried into the opening 21. Meanwhile the i end of the tape is held by the projecting end thereof until wound. shown in Figure 10 and by reference thereto, it Will-be seen that the edges of opening'21 and thelip 32 of the \vinder'earry'the hair 31 around the mandrel, and that the slot 41 the first few spirals have been The. winding *operation is best" hair is also stretched, smoothed and spread and the successive spirals overlapped by the turning of the winder. The spirals of hair and tape are also overlapped so that parts of the spirals of .hair are enclosed: between the successive layers of tape and parts are pressed directly between the mandrel and overlying tape. The winding operation is continued until about all of the hair and tape have been wound around the mandrel, whereupon the downward movement of the winder is preferably discontinued and the winder simply revolved until all of the ends of the individual hairs have disappeared intothe cup portion 22 and all of thetape has been unwound from the spindle 34 When this has occurred the winder may be a forced against the wound hair and tape to compact it lengthwise, the winder being preferably simultaneously revolved to give the hair and tape a final stretching, then the nut 29 may be tightened to secure the winder in -place upon the mandrel during succeeding operations. The appearance of the device during an intermediate stage of the hair and tape winding is illustrated in Figure 10. During the'winding operation, the clamps. 38 serve as a convenient grip for the fingers. After the hair and tape have been wound upon'the mandrel the bracket 36 may be removed from the winder and when this'has been done the device appears as illustrated in Figure 11. It will be understood that the ends of the hairand tape are securely held within the cup portion 22 of the winder and thereby prevented from loosening or unwinding during subsequent operations. </p>
<p> Vhen the hair has been wound on the mandrel as above'described, it is ready for the heating or steaming operation. The roll of tape 42 may.- be dampened with the hair has been completed the exact time of, damp enmg somewhat upon tlie-'-pi'efei"eiice of the user, For the purpose ofapplying heat to the hair and tape any desired type of heater may be employed and I have diagraminati cally shownan electric heater in Figure 11 which comprises a tube 5-) and a resistance element container 51. The mandrel may be positioned in this heater as-shown in Figure 11 and secured therein by means of the spring. clamps 52 and 53 which engage with the groove 54'around the end of the mandrel. These. spring clamps are secured to a plate 55 and are provided with portions 56 which engage with the walls of the tubel50. Thus the mandrel is securely but removably'held within the heater and the plate 55 together ing. </p>
<p>of sufficient length to fit most any heater with the plate 2 of the gripping liead forms a seal to prevent escape of steam during the heating. The spring clamps may be easily adjusted longitudinally of the tube 50.,to </p>
<p>are all in opposition so that revolving or manipulating one part will not loosen or disengage other parts which have been previously secured together. </p>
<p>In Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17 is illustrated a novel arrangement whereby my mandrel may be adapted for use in heating elements of different sizes and designs. There'are on the market a great many different sized heaters for steaming the hair wound upon a mandrel, and these heaters have central openings of differentsizes and are of widely varying length. Therefore, I have provided an adapter comprising a tube having a flared end 81 and its other end fitted with a removable cap 82. Slidably mounted on the tube 80 is a collar 83 having a tapered portion 84 and provided with a set screw 85 whereby the said collar may be secured'in any desired position upon the tube 80. .Thetube 80 may be inserted through the central open-. mg 87 of the particular heater 86, the collar 83 and cap 82 being removed at this time and then the collar 83 slid onto the tube and secured in place by the set screw 85. The cap82 together with the. depending flange of the lower plate of the hair gripping device will prevent escape of steam during the heat- It will/be noted that the tube 80 is and that the flared end 81 together with thetapered portion 84 of the collar 83 adapt "the tube to heaters having different sized central openings. </p>
<p> \Vithin the tube 80 I have provided a "spring clip 90 having resilient tongues 91- and 92 which, are provided with corners 93 intended togengage the'inner wall of'thetube 80 m such a manner'as to prevent sliding of the clip 90 as" the end groove 5& of the mandrel is inserted between the ,resilient tongues 91 and 92. This spring .clip forms. </p>
<p>a convenient means of removably securing the mandrel Within theheating apparatus and together witlithe tube 80, which is preferably formed from a metal having a high thermal conductivity, provided means for lt-will be noted that the entire appaadapting my mandrel and winding apparatus to the different types and sizes of heaters. </p>
<p>- In Figure 18, I show a temperature indicating device which may be employed in association with the adapter tube 80 or in directv association with any other type of heater. In the heating or steaming of hair wound upon a mandrel it is the practice to expose the hair for a certain definite time to the action of the heat, and this practice is objectionable because variations in the strength of'the current passing through the resistance element and variations in other factors cause the hair to be heated either too much or'too little during the time the hair remains within the heater. Accordingly I haveprovided a temperature indicating device which may be removably positioned within an opening 101 of a cap 102 designed to engage with the end of adapter tube 80 or with the end'of the particular heater with which it is employed. This temperature indicator may comprise a thermometer 103 suitably graduated as at 104 and having its bulb portion 105 which is preferably encased by a metal sheath 106 positioned within a relatively large chamber 107 formed in the cap 102. In using this device the operator may know the exact temperature to which the hair is being subjected and so either prolong or shorten the ordinary heating time as found necessary to obtain the best results. Another way of using this device is to ignore the usual time period and 100 simply heat the hair until the thermometer indicates a certain predetermined temperature. </p>
<p> From the foregoing description it will be apparent that I have provided a device which may be employed for curling hair in a minimum time and in a uniform and systematica manner. My invention also, properl tensions the hair, avoids the use of strings and the like and performs simultaneously'the two ordinarily separate operations of hair: winding and taping. It will furthermore be apparent that my novel adapter makes possible the use of my mandrel and r winder with heaters of difierent'sizes and designs and that the temperature indicating device makes possible a very accurate. control of the heat towhich the hair'is subjected. </p>
<p>I claim is: a 1. In a device of the class described, the combination of a mandreh; a winder and a tape container removably' secured to'said Having thus described my invention, what 120. </p>
<p>lock of hair around said mandrel and simultaneously covering the hair so curled with a tape. </p>
<p> 4. A device of the class described, comprising in combination, a mandrel, rotatable means for wrapping hair around said mandrel and means for covering the hair so Wrapped, around said mandrel with a tape. </p>
<p> 5. A device ofthe class described, comprising a winder and a tape container attached to said winder. I </p>
<p> 6. A device of the class'described, comprising a mandrel, a winder adapted to wrap hair around said mandrel, a tape, and a slot ormed in said winder for wrapping said tape around said mandrel. </p>
<p> 7. A device of the class described, comprising a mandrel. hair winding means revolubly and slidably mounted upon said mandrel and tachedto said winder, said tape container embodying means for supporting a roll of tape. </p>
<p> 8. A device of the class described, comprising a mandre, a slotted hair winder revolubly and slidably mounted upon said mandrel and means attached to said winder .and adapted to support a roll of tape in proximity to the slot in said winder. </p>
<p> 9. A halr winder for wrapping a lock of hair around a mandrel embodying means for covering the hair so wrapped with a tape. </p>
<p>sleeve embodying 10. In combination, a mandrel, a revoluble Winder for wrapping hair around said mandrel and means for wrapp ng a tape around said hair. </p>
<p>tion having slotted segments, said segments having frictionalcontac't with the mandrel and permitting said tudinally of said mandrel. </p>
<p> 12. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, a winding device comprising 9. reduce end portion a tape container removably atdevice to slide longi a cylindrical having slotted segments, said segments havingfrictional contact with the mandrel and permitting said device-to slide lon itudinally of said mandrel, and means acapted to engage said segments to lock said device upon said mandrel. </p>
<p> 13. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, and a winding device comprising a cylindrical sleeve embodying anenlarged cup portion having a finger and a helical slot and a reduced end portion comprising slotted segments, said "segments having frictional contact with the mandrel and permitting said device to slide longitudinally of said mandrel. </p>
<p> 14. In hair curling apparatus, a tube adapted to contain a mandrel having a slidable movable means mounted thereon for positioning and securing the said tube within the central openings of heaters of various SIZES. </p>
<p> 15. In hair curling apparatus, a tube adapted to contain a mandrel having a slidably movable means disposed about the circumference thereof for positioning and securing the said tube within the central openings of heaters of various sizes. </p>
<p> 16. In hair curling apparatus, a heater having a central opening, a tube, a mandrel mounted within said tube, and a sl-idably movable means disposed" about the circumference of said tube for positioning and secur ng said tube within the central opening of said heater. </p>
<p>17. In hair curling apparatus, a heater having a central opening, a tube, a mandrel v mounted Within said tube, and a slidably movable means disposed about the circumference of said tube for positioning and securing said tube within the central openlng of said heater, said tube containing a resilient clip for rigidly holding said mandrel. In testimony whereof I hereby afiix my signature. </p>
<p>PETER SANTURELLO. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2601784-A
|
US-68633646-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24755887
| 1952-07-01
| 1946-07-26
| 1952-07-01
|
374/195.
|
G01K5/70
|
G01K5/70
|
ROSE ALEXANDER D
|
Dial thermometer
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> y 1, 1952 A. D. Ross 2,601,784 </p>
<p>DIA L THERMOMETER Filed July 26, 1946 w Ill) {lllllmfm 7 Patented July 1, 1952 UNITED s'rA'rEs PATENr-oFFIcE Alexander B. Rose, Park Ridge, 111., assignor to J as. P; Marsh Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application July26, 1946, Serial No. 686,336 </p>
<p> 3 Claims. 1 </p>
<p> Thepresent invention relates-to a thermometer and has special reference to a dial thermometer in which magnetic means actuated by a thermosensitive element or substance transmit the motion of said thermo-sensitive element or substance resulting from temperature changes through an imperforate barrier to an indicator. More particularly this invention relates to a dial thermometer, which may comprise a thermosensitive element such as a bimetallic coil or helix positioned at the inner end of a plug or post and if desired, directly in contact with the fluid Whose temperature is to be indicated. One end of the bimetallic helix is fixed with respect to the post. The other end is secured to the inner portion of a stem or other coupling means preferably rotatably mounted in the post and extending therethrough. A permanent magnet mounted for rotation is connected to the outer end of the stem so that movement of the bimetallic element causes a corresponding rotation of the magnet. An imperiorate housing or socket of non-magnetic material fits over the magnet and is secured to the outer end of the post, thereby preventing any escape of fluid through the thermometer. An indicating means is mounted outside the housing and includes an armature or other part of magnetic material for being actuated by movement of the magnetw-ithin the housing. A dial or face may be positioned on the outer side of the housing beneath the indicating means. Adjustment of the indicating means with respect to the dial may be readily accomplished merely by axially rotating the *thermo-sensitive' element and the magnet with respect to the post, socket and dial. </p>
<p>Instead of having the thermo-sensitive element in direct contact with the fluid the temperature of which is to be indicated, a bulb or well member may be provided over the thermo-sensitive element and connected to the post. With this arrangement, the well member may extend through the wall of the fluid container forming a tight seal therewith, and the remainder of the thermometer removed therefrom without permitting the escape of any fluid from the container. If desired, the bulb or well member may be filled with oil or other suitable liquid which, </p>
<p>being in direct connection with the bimetallic element, will transfer heat between the wall of the bulb or well and the bimetallic element more rapidly. </p>
<p>, An object of the present invention is to provide a dial thermometer in which the actuated mechanism is separated from the indicating mechanism by an imperforate barrier and magnetic means are employed to transmit the motion of the actuating mechanism to the indicating means through the barrier. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to provide .a dial thermometer of the type indicated above in which the thermo-sensitive element may be directly in contact with the fluid, but the escape of any third through the thermometer is preented. </p>
<p> Still another object of the present invention is to provide such a thermometer which mayhave a well member removably attached thereto, the well member being adapted to be connected to a fiuid container so that the remainder of the thermometer may be, removed from the well member as desired without any escape of the fluid from the container. </p>
<p> Still another object is to provide a sensitive dial thermometer of simple construction and wide application. </p>
<p> Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the following, description and claims when considered with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front plan view of a dial thermometer embodying the present invention; </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is a central, vertical, cross-sectional view, partially in elevation, of one'type of thermometer embodying the present invention in which the thermo-sensitive element is to be in direct contact with the fluid, the temperature of which is to be indicated; and </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a central vertical cross-sectional view, partially in elevation, of another type of thermometer embodying the present invention having a well member surrounding the thermo-sensitive element. </p>
<p> Referring more particularly to the drawings, there is shown in Fig. 2 a thermometer comprising a post or body member I having a reduced threaded inner end 2 for being threaded into a fluid container. The post I is provided with a central longitudinal-bore or opening 3 having a reduced bearing-portion 4 adjacent the outer end. The-inner end of the post I is internally threaded for receiving the externally threaded portion 5 of a plug or projecting member 6. A thermosensitive element, such as a bimetallic helix 1, is connected at its inner end to the outer end of the projecting member; 6. Positioned about the helix is a perforated, cylindrical shell 8 connected to the outer-end of the projecting member eadja-cent the reduced bearing portion 9 thereof. The helix I and shell 8 are of less diameter than the inner end 2 of the post I so they may be inserted into the fluid container through the opening therein provided for the post I. </p>
<p> Extending through the post I, plug 6' and helix 1 is a stem Ill. The inner end of the stem It is fixedly secured to the inner end of the bimetallic helix. Enlarged bearing portions H and [2 are provided on the stem 10 for fitting in the bearing portions 4 and .9 of the post and plug respectively. </p>
<p> Secured to the outer end of the post I by a fluid tight connection, such as a threaded engagement, there is asocket or housing [3 formed of non-magnetic material. A permanent magnet I4 is positioned within the housing [3 and is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the stem [0. This may be accomplished by passing the stem through the magnet and clamping the magnet between a collar on the stem and a nut 16 threaded onto the end of the stem projecting through the magnet. The projecting end of the. </p>
<p>stem is centered by engaging the recess lfia therefor in the inner face of the housing l3. </p>
<p> Instead of magnet [4 being directly connected to the outer end of the stem I8 other connecting means may be employed, it being only necessary that movement of the stem be imparted to said magnet by some suitable means. If desired, the magnet may be mounted for rotation about an axis at an angle to the axis of rotation of the stem, there being suitable connecting means provided for connecting the magnet to the stem. </p>
<p> Secured to the outer face of the housing I3 is a dial 1! suitably marked to indicate the range of temperature desired, as shown in Fig. 1. A hand or indicator 18, formed at least in part of magnetic material, or having an armature associated therewith, is rotatably mounted over the dial I! and is caused to rotate by rotation of the magnet as hereinabove described. A casing I9 is positioned about the dial 1'', the hand l8 and the magnet 14, preferably being secured to the rear side of the housing 13 by means of screws 20. The front of the casing is enclosed by a cover glass 2| held in place by a securing ring 22. </p>
<p> A lock nut 23 is provided on the threaded portion of the projecting member 6, which, when screwed tightly against the inner end of the post, will prevent rotation of the projecting member or plug 6 with respect to the post I. In order to set the hand [8 with respect to the dial H, the lock nut 23 is loosened and then the plug or projecting member 8 may be rotated with respect to the post. </p>
<p> The construction shown in Fig. 3 is, in many respects, similar to that illustrated in Fig. 2. However, a post 25 as shown in Fig. 3 is provided with an externally threaded ring '28 rotatably mounted on the post and held in position by the shoulder 21 formed by the enlarged inner end 28 of the post 25. The plug or projecting member 29 threads into the outer end of the post 25 and is locked in position by a set screw 29a. An internally and externally threaded nut 30 is employed to secure the housing l3 to the post 25 by a fluid tight connection. Positioned over the thermosensitive element 7 and the perforated shell 8, and secured to the ring 26 is a bulb or well member 3 I. The well member 3| is provided with an externally threaded portion 32 for being threaded into the fluid container. The remainder of the thermometer of Fig. 3 is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 2. </p>
<p> While I have shown and described two embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the present invention, and, therefore, I wish to be limited only by the scope of the claims and the prior art. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. A thermometer comprising an elongated tubular post having provision for making a fluidtight connection with the container of the fluid whose temperature is to be indicated, the outer end of said post having a constricted opening forming a bearing portion, a tubular plug mounted in the inner end of said post and rotatably adjustable with respect thereto, said tubular plug member having a constricted opening at the inner end thereof forming a bearing portion, a thermosensitive element arranged adjacent said plug and having one end fixed with respect thereto and rotatable therewith, a magnet mounted for rotation adjacent the outer end of said post, a stem mounted in said bearing portions connected at one end to said thermo-sensitive element and at the other end to said magnet, a housing of nonmagnetic material for said magnet in detachable fluid-tight connection with said post, and an indicator outside said housing controlled in its movement by said magnet. </p>
<p> 2. A thermometer comprising an elongated tubular post having provision for making a detachable fluid-tight connection with the container of the fluid whose temperature is to be indicated, a tubular plug mounted in the inner end of said post and rotatably adjustable with respect thereto, a thermo-sensitive element arranged adjacent said plug and having one end fixed with respect thereto and rotatable therewith, a magnet mounted for rotation adjacent the outer end of said post, transmission means extending through said plug and said post operatively connected at one end to said thermo-sensitive element and at the other end to said magnet to move said magnet in response to movement of said thermo-sensitive element, a housing of non-magnetic material for said magnet in detachable fluid-tight connection with said post, and an indicator outside said housing controlled in its movement by said magnet. </p>
<p> 3. A thermometer comprising an elongated tubular post having provision for making a detachable fluid-tight connection with the container of the fluid whose temperature is to be indicated, a tubular plug mounted in the inner end of said post and rotatably adjustable with respect thereto, a thermo-sensitive element arranged adjacent said plug and having one end fixed with respect thereto, and rotatable therewith, a magnet mounted for rotation adjacent the outer end of said post, a stem extending through said plug and said post operatively connected at one end to said thermo-sensitive element and at the other end to said magnet, a housing of non-magnetic material for said magnet in detachable fluid-tight connection with said post, and an indicator outside said housing controlled in its movement by said magnet. </p>
<p>ALEXANDER D. ROSE. </p>
<p>REFERENCES CITED The followingreferences are of record in the file of this patent: </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 365,905 Brewster July 5, 1887 7 1,308,435 Maire July 1, 1919 1,857,805 Norwood Jan. 31, 1928 1,787,327 Schlaich Dec. 30, 1930 1,847,006 Kalischer Feb. 23, 1932 1,892,379 Bolin Dec. 27, 1932 1,945,400 Hastings Jan. 30, 1934 2,158,751 Ford May 16, 1939 2,248,030 Zwack July 1, 1941 2,268,006 Andresen Dec. 30, 1941 2,343,372 Ford et al Mar. 7, 1944 2,365,487 Murray Dec. 19, 1944 2,371,511 Faus Mar. 13, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 749,753 France May 8, 1933 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3389480-A
|
US-50076165-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23990817
| 1968-06-25
| 1965-10-22
| 1968-06-25
|
273/272.
|
G09B19/06
|
G09B19/06
|
VIRGINIA HOLLAND L
|
Game and teaching method
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> lllngl mllmll INVENTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Y NOE June 25, 1968 L v. HOLLAND GAME AND TEACHING METHOD Filed Oct. 22. 1965 L. vmcmm HOLLAND ATTORNEYS June 25, 1968 v. HOLLAND 3,389,480 </p>
<p>GAME AND TEACHING METHOD 7 Filed Oct. 22, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet z FIG.6 </p>
<p>FIG. 5 </p>
<p>ATTORNEYS United States Patent GAME AND TEAfIl-HNG METHGD 1.. Virginia Holland, 6112. Kingshnry, St. Louis, Mo. 63in Filed Get. 22, 1965, Ser. No. 500,761 Claims. (Cl. -35) ABSTRACT OF THE BESCLGSUEE A game and teaching method for teaching the parts of speech and their relationship to each other using colored cards. In one form of the invention, the cards having the words of one part of speech are all colored the same color. In addition, the parts of speech which modify each other have color markings indicating the parts of speech which they modify. Another form of the invention utilizes a magnetic or felt board and magnetic or felt means on the cards for attaching the same to the board. Still another s e n form ll'llllZBS cards having sentences thereon with markers, </p>
<p>each colored according to its part of speech, for positioning on the Words of the sentences to designate the part of speech which that word is. Expansible clause and phrase isolating means having slots to make the words of the clauses and phrases of a sentence beneath these means visible, and colored to correspond to the type of clause or phrase, and to the parts of speech which the clause modifies, also are used. Still another form utilizes cards with color markings to show both kind and function of such complex language structures known technically as the participle and the gerund. </p>
<p> The present invention relates to the use of color in teaching the parts of speech and specifically relates to various games and teaching methods utilizing this principle. </p>
<p> My invention further relates to the use of color and color relationships in such a method as to teach (in English and/or foreign languages) the due arrangement of word forms to show their mutual relations in the sentence. </p>
<p> One of the problems facing teachers is the inability of many students even on the secondary and college level to obtain enough of an understanding of the grammatical relationships inherent in the structure of a sentence to enable them to construct and to punctuate even relatively simple sentence structures. </p>
<p> Another development in the present school curriculum is the teaching of foreign languages at earlier ages than previously. Teaching foreign languages also involves the classifying of words on the basis of their function and use in forming sentences. </p>
<p> Accordingly, one of the principal objects of the present invention is to provide a visual method of classifying words and of identifying the classifications of the different parts of speech by using different but related colors. </p>
<p> Another object of the present invention is to provide tools, games and methods of playing the games wherein color is used to identify par-ts of speech (or word classifications), and the games teach the players not only this identification, but also the function and uses of words in forming sentences of their own creation. </p>
<p> These and other objects and advantages will become apparent hereinafter. </p>
<p> In the drawings where like numbers refer to like parts wherever they occur, FIG. 1 is a prospective view of a game board having stacks of cards of the various parts of speech thereon; </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a plan view of both sides of the cards with the first four cards formed into a sentence; </p>
<p> FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the cards mounted in a holder block; </p>
<p> FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view showing another embodiment of the invention wherein words in a given sentence are capped with the proper identifying color markers; </p>
<p> FIG. 5 is plan view of markers used with the card of FIG. 4-; </p>
<p> FIG. 6 is a plan view of still a further embodiment of the invention; </p>
<p> PEG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6; </p>
<p> FIG. 8 is a plan view of a member used in the present invention showing it extended in broken lines; </p>
<p> PIG. 8a is an end view of the member of FIG. 8; </p>
<p> FIG. 9 is a plan view of another member similar to that shown in FIG. 8; and </p>
<p> FIG. 10 is a front and back view of still other members used in the present invention. </p>
<p> The present invention comprises methods of showing the use and parts of speech of words in a sentence and further comprises the methods and games hereinafter described and claimed. </p>
<p> For purposes of illustration, the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 as embodied in a game utilizing cards from the different stacks of cards mounted on a game board it with each player being provided with a holder or rack 12 on which the cards 10 are placed in forming sentences. The cards 10 also may be placed on the table or surface on which the game board 11 is set. The stacks of cards 10 are separated according to the parts of speech; that is, adjectives, nouns, verbs, etc. There are eight parts of speech and accordingly there should be at least eight stacks of cards ltl on the game board 11. Obviously, certain parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc., are used much more in forming sentences than are others such as interjections, conjunctions, etc.; accordingly, there will be several stacks of the more often used words. </p>
<p> Each card it) in each of the stacks has the name of the part of speech 13 on the back side (the top side as the cards 10 are stacked on the board 11) and has a word 14 (FIG. 2) written on the front side. The back side of each card it) is colored a particular color to designate the part of speech which it is. For example, the pronouns are white, the nouns are colored black, adjectives (which modify nouns) are grey, verbs are red, adverbs (which modify verbs) are pink, prepositions are green, co-orclimate conjunctions are yellow and interjections are blue. The front sides of the cards are the same basic color as the back sides, but in addition the grey adjective card has a narrow black border around its front side to indicate its use as a modifier of nouns, which are on black cards, and the pink adverb cards have a pink background 15 with red edging 16 to indicate they modify verbs, which are on red cards; they also have a grey band 17 spaced inwardly from the edging 16 to indicate they modify adjectives, which are on grey cards. </p>
<p> In setting up the board ll, the cards Ill are placed with the word side down in stacks that match the cards as imprinted on the game board. After each player has taken his turn drawing a black card (noun) and a red card (verb), he may then in his turn draw a card from any one of the different stacks of the cards choosing parts of speech which he thinks will help him build a sentence that makes sense and that satisfies the requirements of the game round being played before his opponent can build an acceptable sentence. </p>
<p> There are many variations in playing the basic game, and one popular form is to set a point count on the different parts of speech and set a number of a certain part of speech which is to be used in a sentence, cg, three adjectives. Thus, when the player has accumulated a sentence in which he uses three adjectives the first round is over, and the winning player totals his point count. A number of rounds, such as four or six, constitutes a game and the ultimate high point total wins. This game can be used in foreign languages, as well as English. </p>
<p> Variations on the basic idea and of value as teaching aids are shown in FIGS. 4-10. In the form shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 a plurality of members or cards having a series of sentences 21 printed thereon are used. The cards 20 are distributed to the students or players and the teacher retains a master card. A series of small markers 22, printed different colors and having the names of the parts of speech printed thereon, are distributed to the students. The student takes the markers 22 and places them adjacent to or over the words in the sentences 21 as indicated in the broken squares 22 in FIG. 4. The teacher can check the correctness by referring to her master chart, or the pupils can check their own papers. </p>
<p> FIGS. 6 and 7 show another modification of the invention utilizing a magnetic board 23 with colored word cards 24 having magnets on the back. The cards are used to form all kinds of sentences on the board 23. This could be a flannel board or other device to which things can be stuck, or it could be the surface used by an overhead projector which projects the material on a screen for a class to see easily. </p>
<p> Clauses or phases can be designated by using an extensible rectangular member 26 (FIGS. 69) having a cut-out longitudinal slot 27 therein. Magnets 28 are placed on the back side of the members 26 to be used with a magnetic board 23. No magnets are necessary if the member 26 is just used on a card. These members may be stretched over the individual colored cards and embrace entire phases and clauses, in order to effect a kind of diagramming by the method of color cards. </p>
<p> The member 26 used for a dependent adjective clause is shown in FIG. 6 and has a grey band 29 around the slot 27 and a black rim 29a to indicate it modifies nouns. </p>
<p> The dependent adverbial clause member 26a shown in FIG. 8 is pink with a red rim 30 and a grey band 31 is spaced from the slot 27a. This clause modifies verbs, adverbs and adjectives. </p>
<p> FIG. 9 shows a prepositional adjective phrase member 26b. The member 26b has a grey surface with a black rim 32 around the edge, and a green block 33 indicates it is prepositional in nature. </p>
<p> The members 26, 26a and 2612 are extensible as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 8. FIG. 8a shows the telescoping two piece slide construction of the members 26, 26a and 26b. These members are made of parts and 41, with part 41 being slidable in part 40. </p>
<p> Not shown but encompassed in the present invention are noun clauses (which are black), prepositional adverbial phrases (which are pink with grey and red bands and a green block), participial phrases (which are grey with a black rim and having a red and grey block), and FIG. 10 shows cards for a gerund and a participle. The gerund card 34 is half red and half black to indicate a gerund is a verbal noun. A gerund is printed on the front side of the card 34. </p>
<p> The participle card 35 is half red and half grey to indicate it is a verbal adjective. On the front side is printed a participle, e.g., smiling, and a border 36 of black also surrounds the front face to indicate it modifies a noun. </p>
<p> Thus it is apparent that the present invention describes a teaching concept and games embodying the same which achieve all the objects and advantages sought therefor. </p>
<p> This invention is intended to cover all changes, and modifications of the examples of the invention herein chosen for purposes of the disclosure, which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. A method of teaching the parts of speech, including the steps of forming pieces having words of the various parts of speech thereon, coloring all of the pieces of the same part of speech the same color, and adding to the basic color of a piece the color of the part of speech which it modifies. </p>
<p> 2. A game comprising a game board, stacks of cards positioned on the game board, the cards being of different colors and having a solid color on the back face, each card having the name of a part of speech printed on the back face, all of the cards of the same part of speech being the same color, each stack being composed of cards of the same part of speech, and individual words printed on the front of each of the cards, the individual words being of the part of speech imprinted on the back of the card, and secondary color indicia on the cards which designate modifying parts of speech, said secondary color indicia indicating the part of speech modified. </p>
<p> 3. A game comprising a game board, stacks of cards positioned on the game board, the cards being of different colors and having a solid color on the back face, each card having the name of a part of speech printed on the back face, all of the cards of the same part of speech being the same color, each stack being composed of cards of the same part of speech, the front of each card being of the same basic color as the back side, and individual words printed on the front of each of the cards, the individual words being of the part of speech imprinted on the back of the card, the front face of the adjective and adverb cards having bands of the color of the cards of the parts of speech which they modify. </p>
<p> 4. A teaching device comprising members having sentences written thereon, colored pieces for placing adjacent to the words in the sentence to indicate the part of speech which the word is in the sentence, the pieces being of different colors according to the part of speech which they indicate, and a master member for the teacher having the same sentences and permanently attached color markers adjacent to the words to indicate the part of speech which the Words are, the colored pieces which represent modifying parts of speech having secondary color indicia thereon designating the part of speech modified. </p>
<p> 5. A teaching device comprising members having sentences written thereon, colored pieces for placing adjacent to the words in the sentence to indicate the part of speech which the word is in the sentence, the pieces being of different colors according to the part of speech which they indicate, and elongated members having cut-out center slots to enclose part of a sentence on the member, the elongated members being adapted to cover clauses and phrases and having a basic color corresponding to the part of speech which the phrase is and having bands of color to indicate the part of speech which it modifies, and means for extending the members so as to elongate the slot to encompass clauses and phrases of different lengths. </p>
<p> 6. A teaching device comprising a magnetic board, means for positioning sentences on the board, differently colored markers, and magnetic means for positioning the markers on the board adjacent to the words of the sentences, the markers being colored according to the part of speech which they represent and secondary color indicia on the modifying parts of speech to indicate the part of speech modified. </p>
<p> 7. A game comprising a game board, stacks of cards positioned on the game board, the cards being of different colors and being grouped according to color, individual words printed on a face of each of the cards, the in dividual Words on the cards in each stack all being of the same part of speech so that each color indicates a separate part of speech, and secondary color indicia on those cards designating parts of speech which modify other parts of speech, said secondary color indicia being of the same color as the part of speech which is modified. </p>
<p> 8. A teaching device comprising a felt board, felt means for positioning sentences on the board, differently colored markers, and felt means for positioning the markers on the board adjacent to the words of the sentences, the markers being colored according to the part of speech which they represent, the markers representing modifying parts or" speech having secondary color indicia designating the part of speech modified. </p>
<p> 9. A teaching device comprising members having Words written thereon, all of the words of one part of speech being the same color, said words being adapted to form sentences, clauses, and phrases, elongated members having cutout center slots to enclose a group of words, the elongated members being adapted to cover clauses and phrases and having a basic color corresponding to the part of speech which the clause or phrase functions as and having bands of color to indicate the part of speech which it modifies, and means for extending the members so as to elongate the slot to encompass clauses and phrases of difierent lengths. </p>
<p> 10. A method of teaching the kind of complex language structures such as gerunds, participles, clauses and phrases, as well as teaching function and use comprising (1) forming pieces having words functioning as the phrase, </p>
<p>(3) and coloring the pieces a second color over a portion thereof indicating a second function of the gerund, the participle, the clause or phrase. </p>
<p>References Cited STATES PATENTS Schoolfield et al. 35-35.8 </p>
<p>Northrop 35-35 Pierce 35-358 Elliott et al. 35-35.9 </p>
<p>Torre 35-7 FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED Great Britain. </p>
<p>EUGENE R. CAPOZIO, Primary Ex miner. </p>
<p>W. GRIEB, Examiner. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1151586-A
|
US-1914826137-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3219657
| 1915-08-31
| 1914-03-21
| 1915-08-31
|
392/478.
|
H05B3/00
|
H05B3/00
|
HERKENRATH FRANZ
|
Apparatus for melting and spraying fusible substances.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>F. HERKENRATH. </p>
<p>APPARATUS FOR MELTiNG AND SPRAYING FUSIBLE SUBSTANCES. </p>
<p>APPLICATiON FILED MAR. 21,1914. </p>
<p>1,151,586, Patented Aug. 31, 1915. </p>
<p>- UNITED STATES PATENT ornrcn. </p>
<p>FRANZ HEBKENRATH, 0F ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN' MENTS, TO METALS COATING COMPANY OF AMERICA, 015 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, </p>
<p>A CORPOBAATIQN OF MASSACHUSETTS. </p>
<p>' APPARATUS FOR MELTING AND SPRAYING- FUSIBLE SUBSTANCES. </p>
<p> To all whom) it may concern Be it known that I, FRANZ HERKENRATH, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Zurich VI, in Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Melting and Spraying Fusible Substances, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> The object of this invention is to provide improved means for melting and spraying fusible substances, such as metals, for the purpose of coating surfaces therewith. </p>
<p> To this end I use a stream of heated gas, in the path of which Iplace the fusible substance, the temperature vof the gas being sufliciently high to melt the substance. The function of the gas is thus in part analogous to that of the blow pipe flame used in some forms of the so-called-Schoop process, but </p>
<p>the gas also has a propulsive effect-on the molten substance, and thus effects the spraying, or assists in that operation. In general I find it more economical to use, in addition to a stream of heated air or other gas, whereby the substance is melted, a blast "device acting in conjunction with the said stream of gas- I Four ' for carrying this improved method into effect are shown in the accompanying drawing, in Figures 1, 2,- 3 and 4: respectively, </p>
<p>parts of the apparatus in all the views being shown in sectlon. 1 </p>
<p> Referring in the first instance to Fig. 1, a designates a coiled tube of electrically conductive but resistant material, and b. afeed 7 pipe through which a stream of gas is'supphed to the table: a, so that'the gas issues from the tube-rat 0. Around the discharge end a of the tubeo, and concentric thre-' with, is an annular blast nozzle d, to which I a stream of gas is fed throu ha pipe 6. </p>
<p>Electric currentis fed throug the tube a by means of wires w and heats the said tube sufficiently to raise the gas therein to thetemperature required for melting a rod or wire f of the fusible substance held in front of the nozzle and fed forward through a guide 9 at the rate required. </p>
<p>In the modification shown in Fig. 2' a tube a of refractive material incloses an electric resistance 6 through which current is fed by means of wires ota 2 A stream of Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>embodiments of apparatus suitable Patented Aug. 31, 1915. </p>
<p>Application filed March 21, 1914. Serial No. 826,137. </p>
<p>gas is fed into the tube a by means of a plpe b and passes out through a short pipe 6 the discharge end of which is surrounded by an annular blast nozzle al The stream of gas flowing through the tube a is heated l by the resistance 6 to the temperature requlred for meltin the fusible substance. </p>
<p>In the modification shown in Fig. 3 a tube a of refractive material such as carbon, </p>
<p>graphite, carborundum or the like is partly inclosed by a metal tube 6 into which a stream of gas is fed through a pipe I). The tube a which projects at 0 from the tube 6 is electrically insulated from the latter by collars m, n, and by a holder is which embraces the inner end of the tubeo. and is movable in the tube so that the tube a can freely expand. The holder is has ducts d terminating, inside the holder at orifices in the wall of the tube a so that the stream of gas fed through the pipe I) into the interior 1' of the tube 6 passes through the ducts d into the tubea and is discharged from the latter outside the tube 6 The outer end a of the tube a is surrounded by an annular blast nozzle d Electric'current is fed through the tube 0. by means of wires to and connections w so that the tube becomes hot and heats the gas passing therethrough to the required temperature. A </p>
<p>temperature of 2000 C. can easily be ata of fire-clay or other refractive material is filled with-a granular heat conducting mass b, for example with particles of carbon, the interstices of which are adequate to give passage to a stream of gas fed into the tube through a pipe b and discharged through a nozzle a arranged in proximity to a guide 9?, through which a wire f of the substance to be melted and sprayed is fed. The'tube a and the granular carbon therein are heated by a burner 16. Combustible or-non-combustible gas may be used, and acquires reducing properties by contact with the car bon in the tube a Withthe appliances shown in Figs, 1, 2 and 3, I preferablyuse' gases of a chemically neutral or reducingvquality in order to prevent oxidation of the electric conductors and of the substance melted. </p>
<p> What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is l 1. An apparatus for producing a hot gasblast for melting and spraying fusible substances which comprises a gas-conduit having a discharge orifice, means to heat said con-' duit above themelting point of said fusible substance, a gas-holding member partly surrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of said conduit being outside said gas-holding member, and means for supplying gas 7 under pressure to said conduit and said gasholding member. </p>
<p>2. An apparatus for producing a hot gas-- ing a discharge orifice, an. electric heating device to heat said conduit above the melting point of said fusible substance, a gas-holding member partly surrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of said conduit being outside said gas-holding member, and </p>
<p>means for supplying gas under pressure to said conduit and said gas-holding member. </p>
<p>4. An apparatus for producing a hot gasblast for melting. and spraying fusible substances which comprises a gas-conduit having a discharge orifice, an electric heating device to Heat said conduit above the melting point of said fusible substance, a tube closed at both ends partly surrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of said conduit being outside said tube, and means for supplying gas under pressure to said conduit and tube. </p>
<p> 5. An apparatus for producing a hot gasblast for melting and spraying fusible substances Which comprises a gas-conduit of electrically conductive material having a discharge orifice, means for feeding an electric current to and from said conduit to heat same, a tube closed at both ends partly surrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of said conduit being outside said tube, </p>
<p>and means for supplying gas under pressure to said conduit and tube. </p>
<p> In witness whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>FRANZ HERKENRATH. </p>
<p>Witnesses 7 PAUL 'ZOLLER, CARL SUBEG. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2205688-A
|
US-16108637-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
9684528
| 1940-06-25
| 1937-08-26
| 1940-06-25
|
310/228.
|
H02K13/00
|
H02K13/003
|
JACQUES ELWELL
|
Electromagnetic transmission
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>June 25, 1940. y J. ELwx-:LL </p>
<p>ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSMISSION Filed Aug. 26, 1957 OL H M m Nm El my Patented June 25, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSlWISSION Application August 26, 1937, Serial No. 161,086 In France September 7, 1936 11 Claims. </p>
<p> The present invention relates to a revolving mechanism comprising consumers of electric current, more particularly to lubricated gears having rotating electromagnets, whereby the current is transmitted to said consumers or electromagnets by means of a slip ring and a brush sliding thereon. </p>
<p> When using customary carbon brushes having a rotund or rectangular cross sectional congurav tion, the lubricating oil which cannot be prevented from. reaching the slip ring forms a thin film between the ring and the brush and increases the electric transition resistance considerably. This resistance should be as low as posll sible because, for example in the case of electric motors, the voltage of the exciting current is relatively low. For example in the case of the starter motor in a motor car, the current is supplied by a battery and naturally not much tenl sion is available to overcome high resistances. If the slip ring is protected against oil and held dry, then the brushes are worn out in a short time because, in order to reduce transition resistance, they must be forced to the ring with high presg sure, </p>
<p> It is an object of the present invention to provide a brush which rests on the slip ring carrying an oil film. with a ring shaped surface. With such a configuration of the contact surface of 30 the brush, the electric transition resistance is very low and the life of the brush is long. This may be explained by the fact that the comparatively narrow annular surface presses the oil on a very short path outwardly or inwardly and 35 away from the contact surface of brush and ring without necessitating extraordinary great pressure which would increase the wear on the brush. </p>
<p> In order to insure and control lubrication of the slip ring, the brush, according to the present invention, preferably is of tubular configuration and the lubricating oil is supplied to the interior of the brush. This supply may be carried out through openings in a socket in which the brush is slidably located. Any other lubrication of the 45 slip ring, for example by spray oil, should be prevented. </p>
<p> With the apparatus according to the present invention, lubrication is maintained uniform and is easily controlled, the transition resistance of 50 the electric current is held at a low figure, and the wear of the brushes is small and their life is long. </p>
<p> Further and other objects of the present invention will be hereinafter set forth in the ac- 55 companying specification and claims and shown in the drawing which, by way of illustration, shows what I now consider to be a preferred em.- bodiment of my invention. </p>
<p>In the drawing-- Figure 1 is an axial part cross sectional view of 5 an apparatus according to the present invention. </p>
<p> Figure 2 shows part of what is shown in Figure l in large scale, the brush being shown in section. 10 </p>
<p> Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional View of a brush according to the present invention. </p>
<p> The apparatus shown is particularly suitable for use in motive power equipment. </p>
<p> Like parts are designated by like numerals in all gures of the drawing. </p>
<p> I designates the casing into which shaft 2 extends. To shaft 2 a disc 2| is keyed which is provided with an annular rim 4 which carries a magnet winding l0. Rim 4 serves as electromag- 20 netic coupling ring which, if excited, pulls the axially movable armature ring' 3 towards itself and then rotates it, whereby the rotating power is transmitted by friction. The armature ring 3 may also be attracted by means of an annular 26 electromagnet 5 having windings 8 and being rigidly connected with the casing l. </p>
<p> Armature ring 3 is connected to or forms part of a disc the hub of which carries a spur gear, which constitutes the center wheel of a planetary 30 gear. The outer wheel 'l of said planetary gear is formed by a spur gear which is carried by a member which is carried bythe shaft 2. Said last-mentioned member is connected by means of other electromagnetically controlled planetary gears with the drive shaft; these gears are not shown as they do not form part of the present invention. The planetary gear wheels 6 are connected with a support which is also keyed to shaft 2 and which has a hub on which the afore- 40 mentioned center wheel, which forms one part with the armature 3, is revolvable and slideable in axial direction. If the windings 8 are excited while windings l0 are without current, the center wheel is held stationary. The carrier of the planetary gear wheels 6, which carrier is keyed to the shaft 2, drives then the exterior wheel l. If, however, the windings I0 are excited and windings 8 are without current, the carrier 'l and the center Wheel rotate at the same speed so that planetary wheels 6 do not rotate. The exterior gear connected with carrier 'I is then rotated at the same speed as shaft 2. Current is transmitted to the windings 8 by means of stationary sockets 9 whereas the supply of current to the 85 rotating electromagnets takes place through slip ring and brush. </p>
<p> For this purpose one end of the windings lil is conductively connected with ring 4 whereas the other end is connected with the slip ring Il by means of an insulated conductor I0. Slip ring II is connected to the hub of the disc-shaped electromagnet having the rim il, and isolated therefrom and has a cone-shaped configuration so that oil reaching the slip ring is removed to the left, as seen on Figure l., by means of centrifugal forces. Brush I2 rests on the exterior surface of slip ring II. </p>
<p> As is obvious from Figures 2 and 3, brush I2 consists of a tubular body of conventional material, for example a mixture oi copper and coal; the bore It of said body widens out towards the lower end of the brush whereby an annular surface It is formed which contacts slip ring Il. </p>
<p> The tubular body I2 is axially movable in the lower end of the socket I3 which may be made of metal and the upper end of which is provided with an interior thread for accommodating the adjusting screw I8. </p>
<p> In between screw IS and the tubular body I2 a coil spring I'I is situated, the tension of which can be adjusted by means of the adjusting screw I8 and which presses the brush I2 to the slip ring II. Screw I8 has a rod-like extension which extends into spring Il for holding the windings of the latter in place. </p>
<p> The socket I 3 carries at its upper and its lower end bushings lli and Ifl respectively made of insulating material. Bushing I is inserted into an opening of casing I whereas bushing Il sits in a bore of a ring-shaped flange IS which forms one piece together with the casing l and which serves for covering the slip ring II and protecting it against oil spray. On disc 2l a ring-shaped flange 20 is provided which points outwardly and is provided with an edge 2t which facilitates throwing away of oil by centrifugal forces. Edge 2li is arranged as closely as possible to flange I9 in order to prevent passage of oil towards the slip ring II. v </p>
<p> Above the insulating bushing IQ, socket I3 is provided with radial bores I5. </p>
<p> The operation of the device is as follows: The revolving rim ll and the disc 3 continuously throw oil towards the casing, which oil runs down the interior walls of the casing I as indicated by arrows in Figure 2. The oil also wets the exterior of socket I3 and banks up on the upper face of the insulating bushing III. From there the oil enters the interior of socket I3 through the openings I5 and runs down within socket I3 and into the longitudinal bore Iii of the brush I2. In this manner, the oil reaches the slip ring II within the annular face of the brush. The small amounts of oil which pass outwardly in between the edge of the brush and the contact surface of the slip ring flow to the left, as seen on Figure 2, due to centrifugal forces and are thrown ofi the edge 2li so that the slip ring is uniformly covered by a thin lm of oil. </p>
<p> Due to the funnel shaped coniiguration of the outer end of the bore I6, the part actually contacting the slip ring Il is comparatively small. Experience has shown that thereby a low transition resistance is obtained and wear is reduced. This form of the brush also prevents the undesired revolving of the brush in the socket I3. </p>
<p> The exciting current is transmitted to the screw I8 wherefrom it flows through spring Il, holder or socket I3, brush I2, slip ring II and conduit I0 into the windings I0; therefrom the current flows back through the steel mass of the magnet. The extent of the lubrication depends on and is controlled by size and number of the holes I5. </p>
<p> The oil flowing outwardly from the interior of the brush washes the coal dust mud away and also serves for conducting away the heat caused by thefriction of the brushes on the slip ring. </p>
<p> For the supply of oil to the tubular brush holder I3, an oil conduit 23 may be connected to the holes I5. One or more radial clearances 22 may be provided adjacent to the annular contact surface of the brush for better washing action of the oil, as are shown in Figure 3. </p>
<p> While I believe the above-described embodi-a ments of my invention to be preferred embodiments, I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of process, design, and construction shown and described, for obvious modiiications will occur to a person skilled in the art. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> l. A revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricity conducting brush, said brush having a projecting, comparatively narrow annular surface which amounts to only a small fraction of the brush cross section and which slidingly contacts said slip ring. </p>
<p> 2. A lubricated revolving mechanism having in combination a rotating slip ring and an electricity conducting brush, said slip ring having an outer surface which is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of said ring whereby the throwing ofi by centrifugal forces of lubricant reaching said ring is facilitated, said brush having a protruding and narrow annular surface which amounts to only a small fraction of the brush cross section and which slidingly contacts said inclined outer surface of said slip ring and means associated with said brush for lubricating said annular surface. </p>
<p> 3. A revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricity conducting brush, said brush having a cavity which widens out at one end whereby a comparatively narrow annular surface is formed which slidingly contacts said slip ring. </p>
<p> 1i. A lubricated revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring, an electricity contacting brush, said brush being of substantially tubular configuration and having at one end an annular surface which slidingly contacts said slip ring, a tubular 1ubricant conduit, said brush being inserted into said conduit and slidingly movable therein, said conduit conducting lubricant into the interior of said brush, wherefrom the lubricant iiows through said annular surface onto said slip ring. </p>
<p> 5. A. revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricity conducting brush, said brush having a substantially tubular configuration, the interior of said brush being flared outwardly towards one end of the brush whereby a narrow annular surface is formed which slidingly contacts said slip ring. </p>
<p> 5. A lubricated revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring, an electricity conducting hollow brush, a hollow socket slidingly holding said brush in its interior and having openings through which lubricant enters the interior of said socket and therefrom the interior of said brush. </p>
<p> 7. A lubricated revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring, an electricity contacting brush, </p>
<p>said brush beingv of substantially tubular conguration and having at one end an annular surface which slidingly contacts said slip ring, a lubricant conduit connected with said brush adapted to conduct lubricant into the interior of said brush, wherefrom the lubricant fiows through said annular surface onto said slip ring, stationary shielding means adjacent to said brush and revolving shielding means adjacent to said slip ring and to said stationary shielding means, whereby the lubricant is prevented from reaching said slip ring except through said brush. </p>
<p> 8. A revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricity conducting brush, said brush having an annular surface which slidingly contacts said slip ring, said annular surface being broken, whereby lubrication and ventilation, i. e., cooling of said brush is improved. </p>
<p> 9. A lubricated revolving mechanism comprising a revolving electromagnet having windings, a rotating slip ring being electrically connected with said windings, an electricity conducting brush having a bore opening out into a cavity at one end whereby a protruding narrow annular surface is formed which slidingly contacts said slip ring. </p>
<p> l0. A lubricated revolving mechanism comprising a casing which houses said mechanism, a revolving electromagnet within said casing and having windings, a rotating slip ring within said casing and being electrically connected with said windings, an electricity conducting brush within said casing which brush is of substantially tubular configuration and has at one end an annular surface, which slidingly contacts said slip ring, a rsubstantially tubular lubricant conduit connected with said casing and slidingly surrounding and holding said brush and being adapted to conduct lubricant from said casing into the interior of said brush, wherefrom the lubricant flows through said annular surface onto said slip rlng. </p>
<p> 11. A lubricated revolving mechanism comprising a casing which houses said mechanism, a revolving electromagnet within said casing and having windings, a rotating slip ring within said casing and being electrically connected with said windings, an electricity conducting brush within said casing which brush is of substantially tubular configuration and has at one end an annular surface, which slidingly contacts said slip ring, a lubricant conduit connected fWith said brush adapted to conduct lubricant ,from said casing into the interior of said brush, Wherefrom the lubricant flows through said annular surface onto said slip ring, stationary shielding means adjacent to said brush and revolving shielding means connected with said electromagnets and being situated adjacent to said slip ring and to said stationary shielding means, whereby the lubricant is prevented from reaching said slip ring except through said brush. </p>
<p>JACQUES ELWELL. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2809722-A
|
US-37925053-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23496449
| 1957-10-15
| 1953-09-09
| 1957-10-15
|
188/313.
|
F16F9/02
|
F16F9/0209
|
SMITH HENRY J
|
Pneumatic shock absorber with rebound control
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Oct. 15, 1957 H. J. SMITH 2,309,722 </p>
<p>' PNEUMATIC snocx ABSORBER WITH REBOUND CONTROL Filed Sept. 9, 1953 2 Shegts-Sheet 1 fig t Inven for Henr Smith .Atiarney Oct. 15, 1957 H. J. SMITH 2,809,722 </p>
<p>PNEUMATIC SHOCK ABSORBER WITH- REBOUND CONTROL Filed Sept. 9, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 45 44 I im i2 2 57 Ja 5 52 57 g I; f: \g 52 5 .4 I I& :E; mum; </p>
<p>& A </p>
<p> 1 22 20 I 5 ygii I mam wan- I I 2 1,? its? +3? 4 1 M. I n-4 W 65 "W u m "hm lih iw M W -"liifl' 'hm lnvenior' HepryJSm-iih Attorney United States Patent We F JI PNEUMATIC SHOCK ABSORBER WITH REBOUND CGNTROL Henry J. Smith, Calumet City, 111., assignor t0 Pullman- Standard Car Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 113., a corporation of Delaware Application September 9, 1953, Serial No. 379,250 </p>
<p>11 Claims. (Cl. 18897) The present invention relates to a shock absorber for the drop head of a railway track maintenance machine or the like, and more particularly to a pneumatic shock absorber especially adapted to cushion rebound movements as well as shock load movements resulting from continuous and rapid operation of such a drop head. </p>
<p> In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the piston of an air cylinder is arranged to have its rod engaged by the drop head of such a machine as the head falls from its raised position, so that the piston movement under the shock load is cushioned by compressed air at one end of the cylinder. The opposite ends of the cylinder are in communication through a control valve normally biased to closed position and operable to open position for admitting air under pressure from the one cylinder end to the other by an actuating valve which charges a reservoir with compressed air from the one end during the con1- pressive movement of the piston and discharges the reservoir air, as the pressure at the one end of the cylinder falls upon the start of rebound of the piston, to effect opening of the control valve with consequent admission of compressed air to the other end of the cylinder immediately upon the beginning of rebound movement. The piston rebound is thus slowed and cushioned both by decrease in the rebound-causing pressure at the one cylinder end as a portion of the air is passed to the other side of the piston and by the pressure at the other cylinder end provided by the air so passed. </p>
<p> The invention provides for a very rapid action in effecting the cushioning of the piston rebound, as is necessary because the drop head is operable at a rate of many times a minute, and thus provides a practicable shock absorber meeting the requirements for such service. The </p>
<p>shock absorber is self-operating, positive and automatic in action, cushions the rebound in response to the start of rebound movement, and assures that the rebound cushioning will be effected in properly timed relation to the movements of the piston, that is, after the movement caused by shoes load has ceased and before termination of the rebound or return movement. Possibility of damage to either the shock absorber or drop head or like device with which the shock absorber is employed due to improper timing or operation of the shock absorber is practically clirm'nated. At the same time, of course, the shock absorber minimizes the stresses and other damaging eifects on the drop head resulting from the repeated rapid rise and fall thereof in operation. </p>
<p> It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluid type shock absorber utilizing fluid placed under pressure in absorption of a shock load to cushion rebound movement. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a fluid type shock absorber which utilizes fluid compressed in cushioning of a shock load to cushion rebound movement also by means responsive to reduction of the fluid pressure upon initiation of the rebound movement. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a rapidly-acting pneumatic shock absorber for cushioning both compres- Patented Oct. 15, 1957 sive and rebound movements of its parts under continu ously and rapidly repeated shock loads. </p>
<p> A further object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in which rebound movement after absorption of a shock load is cushioned by air compressed to cushion the movement due to the shock load. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in which air compressed under shock load to cushion the shock is utilized also to cushion the rebound in response to the start of rebound movement. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in which air compressed under shock load to cushion the shock is employed to cushion the rebound by flow through quick-acting valve means operated by the compressed air upon start of the rebound. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in which relative movement of a piston in a cylinder under shock load compresses air at one end of the cylinder to cushion such movement and rebound movement of the piston is slowed and cushioned by transfer of a portion of the compressed air to the opposite end of the cylinder in immediate response to the beginning of rebound movement. </p>
<p> It is another object of the invention to provide a pneumatic shock absorber employing air compressed at one end of a cylinder by relative movement of a piston therein under a shock load to cushion return movement of the piston by conveying a portion of the compressed air to the other end of the cylinder upon the beginning of the return movement and in response to the reduction in pressure occasioned by start of the return movement. </p>
<p> A further object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in which air placed under pressure at one end of a cylinder by relative movement of a piston therein under shock load is transferred to the other end of the cylinder to cushion rebound movement of the piston by means operated by the compressed air. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber structure for a drop head in which the shockcushioning air compressed at one end of a cylinder by a piston under impact of the drop head is employed also to cushion rebound of the piston by injection into the other end of the cylinder upon start of rebound movement and is further utilized to operate the injection means automatically in response to decrease in its pressure occasioned by the start of the rebound movement. </p>
<p> Other and further objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, together with the accompanying drawings, in which: </p>
<p> Fig. l is an elevational view of one embodiment of a shock absorber structure of this invention, with parts broken away for clearness; </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is an enlarged view, partly in section and with parts broken away, showing the valve for controlling communication between the opposite cylinder ends and the valve for actuating the control valve, the control valve and one half of the actuating valve being shown in their positions during shock-absorbing movement of the piston, and the other half of the actuating valve being shown in neutral or closed position; and </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the valves in their positions upon the start of rebound movement of the piston. </p>
<p> Referring first to Fig. l of the drawings, there is shown a cylinder 10 disposed in substantially vertical position having a piston 11 therein with a piston rod 12 projecting through a guide portion 13 at the upper end of the cylinder in position to be engaged by a portion of a falling drop head D. The cylinder is preferably pivotally mountshown. </p>
<p>vided with a port 14, and has 'a similar port adjacent its upper end. A compressor or the like (not shown) is connected to the port 14 through a suitable conduit 16 having a check valve17 therein to supplyair under a substantially constant pressure to the lower end of the cylinder for resisting downward movement of the piston 11 under impact of the drop head. A pipe-18 or the like in communication with the port 14extends to a control valve 20 and is connected to an inlet opening 21 thereof. </p>
<p> As best shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the control valve 20 has a cylindrical outer casing 227 closed at its ends by a top plate 23 and a bottom plate 24. Upper and lower annular passages 25 and 26 are provided in the valve as by depressions or grooves formed in the inner face of the casing 22 and spanned by a cooperating cylindrical sleeve 27 so that portions of the outer sleeve surface, with the grooves in the casing, define the passages. A plurality of apertures 28, which may be staggered in two rows as shown, extend from the lower portion of the upper passage 25 to the interior of the sleeve 27, and a plurality of apertures 29 similarly extend through the sleeve from the upper portion of. the lower passage 26. Slidably fitting in the upper portion of the sleeve is a valve piston 30 having upper and lower bearing portions 31 engaging the inner face of the sleeve. An annular groove 32 is formed in the outer peripheral face of the piston between the portions 31, of a width suificient to extend from above the apertures 28 to below the apertures 29 when the piston 39 is disposed in a lowered po sition in the sleeve 27. The piston is normally held in an upper position against the top casing plate 23 by a spring 33, in this case a helical spring hearing at one end'on the bottom casing plate 24 and at the other end against the'end face of .arecess in the bottom of the piston. In this position, the lower bearing portion 31 of the valve piston lies between the upper and lower apertures 28 and 29 so as to block communication therebetween. Within the lower portion of the sleeve 27 is an annular stop member 34 secured on the bottom plate 24 to limit downward movement of the piston, which may also conveniently provide a seating recess for the lower end of spring 33, as shown. Suitable gaskets or seals are provided between the various parts to prevent air leakage. The inlet opening 21 is located in the upper portion of the casing 22 to communicate directly with the upper passage 25, and a similar outlet opening 35 in the lower portion of the casing extends from the lower passage 26 to the exterior of the casing for connection to a conduit 36 connected to the upper end of the cylinder 10 through the port 15. An exhaust opening 37 in the bottom plate 24 opens the upper end of the cylinder to atmosphere, in normal upper position of the valve piston 30, through the conduit 35, passage 26, apertures 29, and the interior of sleeve 27. In the top plate 23, preferably centered directly over the piston, is an aperture 38 for the connection of the actuating valve as explained hereinafter, and a restricted orifice 39 'is also provided in plate 23, as by a choke plug threaded in'the plate, for bleeding air under pressure from the interior of the sleeve above the valve piston. </p>
<p> An actuating valve generally designated 40 is mounted adjacent, and preferably directly on, the control valve 20. The valve 40 comprises a hollow valve casing 41 which conveniently provides a reservoir for air under pressure employed to actuate the control valve. casing has a cylindrical neck portion at its upper end and an enlarged portion below the neck portion and providing therewith a reservoir chamber 42. The upper end of the casing 41 is closed by a cap 43 having a valve inlet 44 to which is connected a conduit 45 leading from and preferably of smaller cross section than the conduit 18, and communicating therethrough with the port 14 of the cylinder. An outlet 46 is provided in the end of the casing opposite the cap and has a tubular extension 47 The l the casing terminating short of the upper end thereof. A bushing 48 is secured in the upper end of the extension 47, and has a beveled edge to provide a conical valve seat. A valving piston member 50 is slidably disposed in the neck portion of the casing. The piston member comprises a cylindrical portion 51 slidably bearing on the interior surface of the casing neck portion and having a web 52 intermediate its length. A shoulder is provided along the junction of the inner face of the cylindrical portion 51 and the upper surface. of the web 52, and formed with a beveled surface defining a conical valve seat 53 spaced somewhat above the web. The web is provided with a plurality of apertures 54, and hasa central tubular guide portion 55 extending downwardly in alignment with the tubular outlet extension 4-7 but spaced therefrom. Slidable in the piston member guide portion 55 is a stem 56 having a disk valve portion 57 at its upper end seating on the conical valve seat 53 and a conical valve portion 58 at its lower. </p>
<p>end engaging on the valve seat provided by the bushing 48. Projecting from the conical valve portion 58 is a pilot portion 59 engaging in the bushing and having suit: able grooves or other air passages formed therein. At" </p>
<p>the base of the conical valve portion 58 the stem 56 is provided with an enlarged stop portion 60 of substantially the diameter of the guide portion 55 for limiting relative sliding movement of the piston member 50 andthe stem. The base of the conical valve portion extends radially outwardly beyond the stop portion '60 to provide a flange or shoulder 61. A helical spring 62 is engaged at one end against the lower face of the web 52 and about the guide portion 55, and at its other end about the stop portion 60 and against the shoulder 61, to urge the piston member 50 upwardly and the stem 56 downwardly so as to seat the valve portions 57 and. </p>
<p>58. While the piston member 50' is'free to move in either direction except for the resistance of the spring 62, the valve portions of the valve stem 56 are prevented from moving downwardly by the outlet extension 47. </p>
<p> In upward movement, the pilot portion 59 maintains en-. gagement with the bushing 48 to prevent radial displaccment of the parts, in cooperation with the guide portion 55 of the piston member, and to guide the valve stem. 56 in downward movement for proper seating of the conical valve portion 58 on the bushing. A short section of pipe 64 or the like connects the casing outlet 46 to the aperture 38 in the top plate 23 of the control valve 20, and also serves to mount the actuating valve 40 .on the control valve. The valve 20 in turn may be mounted by a suitable bracket 65 on a support such as a portion F of the guide frame for the drop head, as shown in Fig. 1, although in actual practice it is preferable to mount the valves on the machine frame and make connection to the cylinder 10 by hose or like flexible conduit so as to avoid the effect of the drop head vibrations conduit 36a is shown as connected to another outlet opening in the valve casing 22 similar to-the outlet opening 35. It will be obvious, however, that the conduit 18a might be connected directly to the inlet opening 21 or to a similar opening communicating with passage 25, and </p>
<p>that conduit 36a might be a branch of conduit 36. More than two cylinders may of course be connected in'a similar manner. </p>
<p> In operation, assuming that the drop head D has been} brought toits raised position, the piston 11 is lifted to the top of the cylinder 10 by the air under pressure fed. </p>
<p> The conduit 18a is shown as a branch of the conduit 18, while the through the conduit 16 and port 14. The piston 30 of control valve is in its upper position as in Fig. 2, and the valving piston i) and valve portions 57 and 58 of the actuating valve 40 are in position closing both the inlet and outlet, as shown in the left half of valve 40 in Fig. 2. The air pressure in the passage 25 of the control valve and in the reservoir chamber 42 of the actuating valve is the same as in the conduits 18 and 45 and in the cylinder 13. As the drop head falls, it engages the upper end of the piston rod 12 and forces the piston 11 downwardly, further compressing the air at the lower end of the cylinder so as to cushion the shock load movement of the piston and absorb the impact of the drop head. This added pressure of course is distributed to the conduits 18 and 45 and valves 20 and 40 through the port 14, but does not affect the pressure in the conduit 16 because of the check valve 17. The pressure has no effect on the valve 20, since the air under pressure is confined to the passage and the space defined between the piston 39 and sleeve 27 by the groove 32. The downward movement of the piston, however, draws air into the top of the cylinder through the exhaust opening 37, sleeve 27, apertures 29, outlet opening 26, conduit 36, and the port 15, the passage of air through the valve 20 being shown by the arrows in Fig. 2. The increased pressure in conduit 45, however, overcomes the force of the spring 62 and causes the piston member 50 of the actuating valve to move downwardly, as shown by the right half of the valve in Fig. 2, so that the valve portion 57 is separated from its seat 53 and air flows from the conduit through the inlet 44, about the valve portion 57, and through the web apertures 54 into the reservoir chamber 42, charging it with air under the higher pressure. The conical valve portion 53 remains seated on the bushing 48 to close the extension 47 and outlet 46 against discharge of air. The flow of air into the valve 40 is indicated by the arrows in the figure. This charging of the reservoir chanber continues as long as the pressure at the lower end of the cylinder is greater than that in the reservoir, or in other words as long as the piston 11 continues its downward compressive movement under the shock load. </p>
<p> In Fig. l, the piston 11 is shown in substantially the lowermost position to which it has been forced by the impact of the descending drop head, spaced somewhat above the bottom of the cylinder, and just starting its rebound. it will be understood that the extent of downward movement of the piston depends upon the magnitude of the shock load and the pressure of the air supplied to the cylinder 16 through the conduit 16, and that this initial air pressure is determined in accordance with the loads to which the shock absorber is subjected so as to obtain good absorption or cushioning of the piston movement under the shock load. As the piston begins its rebound or return movement under the force of the compressed air at the lower end of the cylinder, the pressure of that air falls both because of the removal of the load and the increased space in the cylinder for containing the air. immediately upon this decrease in the pressure of the air at the lower end of the cylinder, the now greater pressure of the air which has been forced into the reservoir chamber 42 of the actuating valve forces the piston member 59 upwardly, as shown in Fig. 3, reseating the valve portion 57 and thus closing the inlet 44, and at the same time by engagement with that valve portion lifting the stem 56 to unseat the conical valve portion 59 and open the extension 47 and outlet 46. Compressed air passes from the reservoir chamber 42 through outlet 46 and pipe 64 into the sleeve 27 of the control valve, between the top plate 23 and piston 39, and forces the piston down against the stop member 34, with its upper bearing portion 31 above apertures 28 and the lower bearing portion below apertures 29, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the groove 32 of the piston forms a passage along the inter surface of the sleeve in communication with both apertures 28 and apertures 29, and the lower bearing portion 31 prevents communication between the exhaust opening 37 and the passage 26. Air under pressure flows from conduit 18 through passage 25 and apertures 28 into groove 32 and thence through apertures 29, passage 26, and conduit 36 into the upper end of the cylinder 16 to cushion the return movement of piston 11. The flow of air is indicated by the arrows. The air above the valve piston 30 bleeds out of the valve casing through the restricted orifice 39 to reduce the pressure on the piston, which is also reduced by expansion of the air to fill both the reservoir chamber 42 and the space within the sleeve 27 above the valve piston, so that the air pressure falls below that required to hold the piston 39 in its lower position against the force of spring 33, and the piston is returned to its normal upper position by the action of the spring to shut oif flow of air from the lower to the upper end of the cylinder and open the upper end to atmosphere through conduit 36, passage 26, apertures 29, and exhaust opening 37. The compressed air in the upper end of the cylinder 10 is quickly exhausted due to its excess of pressure over atmosphere and the upward return movement of the piston 11, the flow of air through the valve 20 being opposite to that indicated in Fig. 2. The valving structure of actuating valve 40 returns to the normal position closing both the inlet and outlet as the pressure on opposite sides of the piston member 59 comes into balance. The entire action is very rapid, requiring only a fraction of a second. </p>
<p> It will be apparent that the rebound of the piston 13 is slowed and cushioned both by the decrease in air pressure at the lower end of the cylinder as a portion of the air there compressed is transferred to the upper end of the cylinder, reducing the force urging the piston upwardly, and by the action of the transferred air on the upper face of the piston, resisting the upward movement. The pressure per unit area of the opposite faces of the piston is equalized, but the upward pressure is greater than the downward pressure due to the reduction of the upper face area due to the piston rod 12, so that the upward movement of the piston is continuous although progressively slowed or cushioned, and the piston is brought to its uppermost position in the cylinder without any appreciable shock as air is exhausted from above it in the manner explained. As the piston 11 moves upwardly, the pressure of the air below it in the lower end of the cylinder falls due to the enlargement of the space at the lower end and becomes less than the pressure in the conduit 16, so that air under the desired pressure flows through the check valve 17 into the lower end of the cylinder. The piston in its uppermost position is thus supported by air at predetermined pressure, ready to receive the impact of the drop head D as it falls again. As previously mentioned, the drop head of a railway maintenance machine or the like may operate at a rapid rate, often well over thirty times a minute, and the present invention provides a quick-acting shock absorber capable of cooperating properly with the drop head to minimize the stresses to which it is subjected. </p>
<p>Whatis claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. A shock absorber for a drop head, comprising a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder movable toward one end thereof-under a shock load, a piston rod for the piston extending through the other end of the cylinder to receive shock loads, means supplying air under pressure to the cylinder at said one end for cushioning movement of the piston under shock load, a control valve having an inlet opening in communication with said one cylinder end and an outlet opening in communication with the other cylinder end and with external atmosphere, said control valve also having a valve element normally pre venting communication between the inlet and outlet openings and movable by air pressure to place the inlet and outlet openings in communication and to block the outlet opening from atmosphere, and an actuating valve hav-' ing a reservoir chamber for air under pressure with an outlet in communication with the control valve to subject the valve element to'reservoir chamber air pressure, said actuating valve also having an inlet in communication With said one cylinder end and valve means normally closing the inlet and outlet operable by air pressure in said one cylinder end greater than that in said reservoir chamber to admit air from said one end to the chamber while closing the outlet and operable by air pressure in the chamber greater than that in said one cylinder end to close the inlet and open the outlet for discharge of air under pressure from said chamber to operate said valve element for allowing communication between said inlet and outlet openings to admit air under pressure from said one cylinder end to the other end for slowing rebound of the piston by relief of pressure at said one end of the cylinder and increase of pressure at the other cylinder end, the pressure in said one end of the cylinder being increased by movement of the piston under shock load to provide a pressure higher than that initially in said reservoir chamber and decreased to a level below said higher pressure by start of piston rebound movement to effect said admission of air under pressure to the other end of the cylinder during rebound movement of the piston. </p>
<p> 2. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a port adjacent each end, means for supplying air under predetermined pressure to the cylinder through the port at one end, a piston working in the cylinder, a piston rod extending from the piston through the other end of the cylinder to receive shock loads, conduit means connecting the cylinder ports, valve means controlling said conduit means to open and close communication between the opposite ends of the cylinder through the ports normally biased to position closing communication and opening said other cylinder end to atmosphere operable by air pressure to position opening communication, and valve means for actuating said control valve means having an inlet in communication with said one end of the cylinder, an outlet in communicationwith the control valve means, reservoir means in communication with both said inlet and outlet interiorly of the actuating valve means, and valving structure normally closingtbothr the inlet and outlet operable by air pressure in said one. </p>
<p>cylinder end greater than that in the reservoir means to open the inlet for charging the reservoir means while closing the outlet and operable by air pressure in the reservoir means greater than that in saidtone cylinder end to close the inlet and open the outlet fordischarging the reservoir through the outlet to actuate the control valve means to said communication-opening position for admitt ng air under pressure from said one end of the cylinder to the other to slow rebound of the piston, the air pressure in said one cylinder end exceeding that in the reservoir means upon compressive movement of the piston toward said one end under shock load and falling below that in the reservoir means upon start of piston rebound movement. </p>
<p> 3. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a port adjacent each end thereof, means supplying air under predetermined pressure to one end of the cylinder through the adjacent port, a piston working 'in the cylinder having a piston rod extending'through the other end of the cylinder adapted to receive shock loads for moving the piston toward said one cylinder end to increase the pressure of the air therein, means connecting said ports to provide communication betweensaid one end and other end of the cylinder, a valve controlling communication through said connecting means having means normally biased to position closing the connecting means operable by air pressure to a position opening the connecting means for communication between the cylinder ends, and a valve for actua'ting'the control valve having an inlet and an outlet communicating respectively with said one cylinder end and-said control valve and valving means normally closing both the inlet and outlet and also having in communication with the inlet and outlet interiorly thereof a reservoir said valving means operating upon increase of air pressure in said one cylinder end above that, in the reservoir to open the inlet while closing the outlet to charge the reservoir with air under the higher pressure and operating upon decrease of'the pressure at said one cylinder end below said higher pressure to open the outlet while closing the inlet to discharge the reservoir for actuating the control valve to said communication-opening position to admit air under pressure from said one end to the other end of the cylinder for cushioning rebound movement of the piston, the air pressure in said one cylinder end falling below that in said reservoir upon start of piston rebound movement. </p>
<p> 4. A pneumatic'shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress the air at said one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, actuating valve means having an inlet communicating with said one cylinder end and an outlet and including a reservoir in communication interiorly of said valve means with both said inlet and outlet, a valving structure in said actuating valve means normally biased to close both the inlet and outlet and operable by air pressure in said one cylinder end greater than the pressure in the reservoir to open the inlet while closing the outlet for charging the reservoir with air under said greater pressure and operable by decrease in the air pressure in said one endbelow said greater pressure upon rebound movement of the piston to open the outlet for discharging the reservoir therethrough, and means for placing the opposite cylinder ends in connnunication including a control valve having valve means normally biased to prevent communication while opening said otherrcylinder end to atmosphere and operable by said greater air pressure to an open position closing said other end to atmosphere while allowing passage of air under pressure from said one end to said other end, said outlet of the actuating valve means being connected to the control valve for discharge of the reservoir adjacent said valve means to subject the valve means to said greater air pressure for movement thereof to said open position upon rebound of the piston, the air pressure in said one cylinder end being caused to decrease below said greater pressure by the beginning of rebound movement of the piston. </p>
<p> 5. A pneumatic shock absorber arrangement comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end thereof by a shock loadto compress air between one of its faces and said one cylinder end for cushioning compressive piston movement, and external by-pass means for placing said one end of the cylinder in communication with the other end to slow rebound movement of the piston by passage of air from said one end to'the other in timed relation to the piston movement, said by-pass means including a valve controlling said communication and a valve for actuating the control valve, said control valve having valve means normally positioned to prevent communication between said cylinder ends and to upon said other end to atmosphere and operable by air pressure to open communication between the cylinder ends and close said other end from atmosphere, and said actuating valve having an inlet communicating with said one cylinder end, an outlet communicating with the control valve for applying air pressure to said valve means, </p>
<p>a reservoir in communication with said inlet and outlet. </p>
<p>interiorly of the actuating valve, and a valving member normally positioned to close the inlet and outlet operable by air pressure in said one cylinder end in excess of that in the reservoir to admit air to the reservoir While closing j the outlet and operable by air pressure in the reservoir in excess of that in said one cylinder end to open the outlet while closing the inlet for discharge of air under pressure from the reservoir to operate said valve means 7 for admitting air from said one end of the cylinder to the other upon rebound movement of the piston. </p>
<p> 6. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston movable toward one end thereof by a shock load to compress the air at said one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, means connecting the ends of the cylinder for communication therebetween, a valve controlling communication through said connecting means normally biased to close the connecting means and operable by air pressure to open the connecting means for communication between the cylinder ends, and a valve for actuating the control valve having an inlet and outlet and valve means normally closing both the inlet and outlet, a reservoir in communication interiorly of said actuating valve with both the inlet and outlet, and means connecting the inlet with said one cylinder end and the outlet with said control valve, said valve means normally closing both the inlet and outlet and being operable by pressure in said one cylinder end greater than that in the reservoir to open the inlet while closing the outlet to charge the reservoir with air under the higher pressure and operable by decrease in air pressure in said one end below said higher pressure in the reservoir to open the outlet while closing the inlet to discharge the reservoir for operating the control valve to allow communication between the cylinder ends for admission of air under pressure from said one end of the cylinder to the other end for cushioning return movement of the piston, the pressure in said one cylinder end decreasing below said higher pressure upon start of return movement of the piston. </p>
<p> 7. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress the air at said one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, and means for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of air under pressure from said one end to the other to reduce pressure at said one end and increase the pressure at the other end, said rebound cushioning means comprising communication means between the cylinder ends including a control valve normally venting said other end while preventing communication between the opposite cylinder ends and operable to admit air from said one end to said other end, and means responsive to changes in air pressure at said one end for operating the control valve to said air-admitting condition thereof upon lessening of air pressure in said one cylinder end by rebound movement of the piston. </p>
<p> 8. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress the air at said one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, and means for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of air under pressure from said one end to the other to reduce pressure at said one end and increase the pressure at the other end, said rebound cushioning means comprising communication means between the cylinder ends including control valve means responsive to changes in air pressure at said one end and normally venting said other end while preventing communication between the cylinder ends and operable by lessening of air pressure in said one end upon rebound movement of the piston to admit air under pressure from said one end to the other. </p>
<p> 9. A fluid shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress fluid at said one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, and means for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of pressure fluid from said one end to the other to reduce pressure at said one end and increase pressure at the other end for equalizing the unit area pressure on the opposite faces of the piston, said rebound cushioning means comprising a valve controlling communication between the opposite cylinder ends and a valve for actuating the control valve to admit fluid from said one end to the other as the piston rebound movement begins, said actuating valve having a reservoir in communication therewith to be charged therethrough with pressure fluid from said one cylinder end during compressive piston movement and discharging through the actuating valve upon rebound movement to actuate the control valve to open position admitting fluid from said one end of the cylinder to the other. </p>
<p> 10. A fluid shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress fluid at said one end for cushioning said compressive movement of the piston, and means for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of pressure fluid from said one cylinder end to the other to reduce pressure at said one end and increase pressure at the other end for equalizing the unit area pressure on the opposite faces of the piston, said rebound cushioning means comprising a single valve controlling communication between the opposite cylinder ends and means for actuating the control valve to admit fluid from said one end to the other as the piston rebound movement begins operable by the variation in the pressure of the fluid at said one cylinder end upon compressive and upon rebound movement of the piston to eflEeet actuation of the control valve to said fluid-admitting condition. </p>
<p> 11. A fluid shock absorber arrangement comprising a cylinder having a piston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress fluid at said one end for cushioning said compressive movement of the piston, and means for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of pressure fluid from said one cylinder end to the other to reduce pressure at said one end and increase pressure at the other end, said rebound cushioning means comprising a valve controlling communication between the opposite cylinder ends, means for actuating the control valve to admit fluid from said one end to the other upon beginning of piston rebound movement operable by predetermined pressure of the fluid at said one end to actuate the control valve for said admission of fluid, and means to operate the control valve for interrupting fluid flow from said one end to said other end and relieving the pressure at said other end prior to termination of the piston rebound movement. </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,244,752 McCrosson Oct. 30, 1917 1,522,243 Hughes Jan. 6, 1925 2,018,312 Moulton Oct. 22, 1935 2,265,099 Chenault Dec. 2, 1941 2,293,915 Patterson Aug. 25, 1942 </p>
</div>
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en
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US-2775200-A
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US-32385652-A
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US
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A
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A
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23261020
| 1956-12-25
| 1952-12-03
| 1956-12-25
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102/275.5
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C06C7/00
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C06C7/00
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GUENTER RICHARD G
|
Priming device
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en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Dec. 25, 1956 R. G. GUENTER PRIMING DEVICE Filed Dec. 5, 1952 RICHARD e. GUENTER INVENTOR. </p>
<p>AGENT. </p>
<p>PRIMING DEVICE Richard G. Guenter, Lawrence, Kans., assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application December 3, 1952, Serial No. 323,856 </p>
<p>8 Claims. Cl. 102-27 This invention relates to detonating means for explosive charges and in particular to detonating devices especially adapted for use in applications where relatively insensitive explosive is employed, or where advanced temperatures are encountered which render the use of conventional blasting initiators undesirable. </p>
<p> In recent years there has been a trend toward the use of relatively insensitive blasting agents which contain little or no nitroglycerin and depend primarily for explosive trength upon such materials as ammonium nitrate. While these blasting agents when brought to detonation are characterized by suflicient strength for most blasting operations, they are normally not detonatable by commercially available blasting caps. In fact, the test employed to determine the sensitivity characteristics of such blasting agents is usually one in which their resistance to detonation by a No. 6 or No. 8 cap is determined. </p>
<p> The usual methods for detonating these explosives have involved the use of separate priming cartridges of high explosive such as tn'nitrotoluene (TNT) which are brought to detonation by means of commercial electric blasting caps. is employed which contains a base charge of about 1030 g. of pentaerythritol tetranitrate or equivalent explosive. While both of these means of initiating explosives are operable, they still necessitate the use of blasting initiators which are expensive and which are themselves considerably more sensitive to both heat and shock than the blasting agent itself. Thus, the safety for which the insensitive blasting agents were originally designed is still not always obtainable in the degree desired by the art. </p>
<p> Special difficulties are encountered in shooting hot holes in which the temperatures often reach a point high enough to cause premature detonation of conventional' blasting caps. A means for initiating these insensitive explosives which does not require the presence of large amounts of sensitive explosive or electric blasting caps in the borehole itself is therefore greatly to be desired. </p>
<p> Now in accordance with the present invention, there has been developed a means for initiating insensitive blasting agents and explosives generally which does not require the presence of either highly sensitive high explosive compositions or electric initiators of any sort in the immediate vicinity of the charge to be detonated. </p>
<p> Generally described, the present invention is a priming device for detonatable explosive compositions which comprises a detonatable body of compacted explosive composition containing crystalline high explosive selected from the group consisting of cyclonite (RDX) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and at least of nitrocellulose. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the compacted body is associated with detonative means. Preferably, the detonative means Alternatively a highly potent booster cap' atent PETN or RDX covered with fabric or plastic) or Cordeau (granular TNT covered with thin lead tubing containing the desired number of grains of explosive pe foot and will be disposed in detonating relationship wit the explosive body. Preferably, the fuse will be di: posed in a recess, that is, in a Well or a perforatio formed in the compacted body, although other suitabl disposition may be employed. In applications where rt sistance to heat or shock is not an important facto: blasting caps may be similarly employed as the detonz tive means. In a preferred embodiment of the invei tion, the compacted explosive body is formed into a axially perforated cylinder, the perforation extendir through at least a major extent of the length of th cylinder. With such a structure, the detonative mear employed may be disposed in or pass through the pe: </p>
<p>. foration. </p>
<p> The compacted body of explosive compositionin a cordance with this invention is readily detonated t detonating fuses of the desired strength, such as Prim: cord and Cordeau, but is highly insensitive both to shoc conditions which can normally be expected during blas ing operations and to. ignition or detonation by temper: tures usually encountered. It is usually desirable to i] corporate a small amount of stabilizer for nitrocelh lose, such as diphenylamine or Centralite, in the con positions from which the compacted body is forme The amount employed is usually in the order of .2 to .19 While this composition will normally be sufiiciently w; ter resistant for most moisture conditions encountere it is desirable in some instances to include a non-vol; tile plasticizer for nitrocellulose such as diethyl phthalat dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl Centralit or dinitrotoluene. While varying amounts of the plasi cizer may be employed, increase in plasticizer e fects a corresponding decrease in sensitivity to de onation It has further been found that nitroglycer can be employed in amounts up to about 5% WithOl adversely affecting the thermal stability of the OV612 composition. In general, it has been found that it unnecessary to employ more than 5% of plasticizer Sll1( this amount has been found to render these compositior sufficiently resistant to water that they will shoot wit 50 grain Primacord (50 gr. PETN per foot) after daj of exposure to water at pressures as high as p. s. When employed in hot holes, the compacted bodi primed with Primacord have been found to function pro; erly without violent decomposition or premature e1 plosion at temperatures of 500 to 1000 F. </p>
<p> The compacted bodies are preferably made in coaxia ly perforated cylinders by extrusion 'in accordance Wi' known smokeless powder extrusion techniques. Ho ever, the compacted bodies may have any desired sha and may be molded by any desired process. </p>
<p> Having generally described the invention, several er bodiments will be more specifically illustrated with re erence to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. represents a longitudinal section of a cylindrical cor pacted body in accordance with the invention; Fig. is a sectional end view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a part elev tional, part sectional view of the body of Figs. 1 a1 2 primed with detonating fuse; Fig. 4 is a part section: part elevational view of an explosive cartridge priml with the device of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a part sectional, pa elevational view of a cylindrical compacted body prim with an electric initiator; and Fig. 6 is a side elevation a borehole primed in accordance with the invention. </p>
<p> Referring now to the drawings in which like numbe represent similar parts, and particularly to Figs. 1 to a cylindrical compacted body 10 of exposive compo: tion in accordance with this invention is provided wi a coaxial perforation 11. Alength of detonating 11 12 is passed through the coaxial perforation 11 of tl ady 10 and is suitably secured therein. In Fig. 3, the etonating fuse is secured within the perforation by reams of a knot tied in the detonating fuse which pre-- :nts its withdrawal. .In Fig. 4, a cartridge 13 of insensitive explosive 1s nipped with a coaxial bore 14 defined by a hollow tube 5 passing concentrically through the cartridge 13. The )llow tube is indented at 16 to provide a detent means. concentrically perforated, compacted body of explosive accordance with the invention is disposed in the coial bore 14 and is prevented from passing therethrough the indentation 16 in the tube 15. Detonating fuse 12 .sses through the compaetedbody and extends cometely through the coaxial bore .14 :of the cartridge 13. </p>
<p> 4 t be detonated at a safe distance from the borehole 23 by means of an electric initiator. </p>
<p> The following examples are presented to more specifically illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the table, Examples 1 to 24 illustrate different compositions for the compacted body. The water resistance of these compositions and the comparative sensitivity to detonation of Wet and dry compositions are set forth. The compacted bodies tested were in the form of coaxially 10 perforated cylinders 4 inches in length and 0.67 inch in diameter. The diameter of the perforation was about 0.27 inch. These cylinders were prepared by conventional smokeless powder compounding and extrusion techniques as hereinafter described. All compositions were stabilized he leading end of the detonatig fuse 12 passed 15 with 0.3 of diphenylamine. </p>
<p> Primacord Sensitivity 1 Explosive, Percent 15;, Dry Wet-45 'Lbs. Pressure for 5 Days Water RDX PET-N NO Plasticizer Gr. Gr. Gr. 60 Gr. 100 Gr. Pickup}; 30 Gr. 40 Gr. 50 .Gr. 60 Gr. 100.61. </p>
<p>percen 19. 7 0 DEP. S 12.25 F F PS PS S 19. 7 1 DEP- PS 7. 90 F F PS PS S 19. 7 2* DEP. PS 6. 5,2 F F PS S 19. 7 3 DEP- F 4. 67 F F PS 19. 7 4* DEP F 1. 50 F PS S 19. 7 5* DEP. F 0. 74 F F PS 19. 7 6* DEP. F 0.00 F F F 15. 7 4 DEP. F 1.16 F PS PS 10.7 4 DEP. F 5.19 F F S 24. 7 0 PS 11.87 F F PS 20.7 4DEP F 1.38 F F PS 19.7 5N.Ge PS 0.52 F PS S 19.7 5 DNT- F 1. 29 F PS 19. 7 5 TNT F 1.07 F -]?-S 19. 7 S 8.03 S 19.7 1* DEP S 9. 96 PS PS '19. 7 2* DEP- S 10. 10- PS PS 19. 7 3* DEP. S 9. 77 PS PS 19. 7 4* DEP. S 3.88 PS S 19.7 5 DEP- S 1. 90 PS -S 19.7 6 DEP- S 1.57 S 24. 7 S 5.15 PS S 29. 7. .0 S 5.09 F PS 16. 7 3 DEP. S 11.01 F PS 1 Tested by shooting with PETN Primacord 01 indicated strength. RDX-eyclonite. PETN-pentaerythritoltetranitrate. N Cnitrocellu10se. </p>
<p>DEF-diethyl phthalate. </p>
<p>N G-nitroglycerin. DNT-dinitrotoluene. TNT-trinitrotoluene. </p>
<p>S-'-sh'ot,hole in plate. </p>
<p>PS-shot, dent inplate. </p>
<p>*Plasticizer added to composition. </p>
<p>ough a centrally orificed-wooden'disk 17 which has a meter greater than 'thatof the tuber15. The leading i of the detonatingrfuse 12 is knotted to :prevent its isage through the disk 17. The priming cartridge 13 vy be lowered into a'borehole by means of the detonatfuse 12 and the compacted'priming body 10 is thus intained imposition in thecentral portion of the carle 3- n Fig. 5, a cylindrical, compacted .body 18 in accord- :e :with the invention is provided with a well19. An ctric initiator 20 is disposed in the well '19 and con- :ted to a current source (not shown) lay lead wires 21. n Fig. 6, blasting cartridges 22 are disposed in a verti- .borehole.23. The lowercartridgeZZ is primed inacdance with the invention-by disposing a coaxially perated cylindrical body 10-of explosive composition, as wn in Fig. l, in the upper portion of the cartridge. A gth of Primacord 12 passes-laterally through the carlge and-through the coaxial perforation of the comted body 10. The Primacord 12 is then tied as shown [.leads out of the'borehole. The -:remaining cartridges aredisposed .ontopof the- 1ower:primed cartridge. The e hole is "stemmed as at 25. 'The'Primacord 12 may Example v25 Field trials were conducted in'which several boreholes were loaded with commercial blasting cap insensitive blasting agent principally comprising ammonium nitrate. The temperature in these boreholes was between 400500' F. due to undergroundfires. In each hole a primer cartridge was employed similar to that shown in Fig. 4. The primer cartridge contained commercial blasting cap insensitive blasting agent. The compacted body was similar to that of Example 1 and contained 80% RDX, 19.7% NC, and 3% diphenylarnine. A 50 grain PETN Primacord was employed which was initiated at a distance from the hole by means of an electric blasting cap. After being loaded, the .holes were not fired for about '20 minutes. All holes fired normally and with no indication of any decomposition of the compactedbody in the primer cartridge. </p>
<p> From the foregoing examples, and especially from Examples l to 24, it will be seen that the compositionof the compacted bodies may be subject to considerable variatron. It'hasbeen found, however, that at least 15% of nitrocellulose must be employed in order to obtain a compacted'body having the requisite physical strength and to obtain the necessary extrusion characteristics. When less than 15% of nitrocellulose is employed, the bodies do not compact well and are crumbly. </p>
<p> The amount of crystalline explosive employed will depend on the degree of sensitivity required for the particular application. Due to the fact that PETN is more sensitive to detonation than RDX, less PETN than RDX need be used with a detonating fuse of a particular strength. Similarly, the amount and nature of the plasticizer may be varied to give the desired characteristics in terms of water resistance and sensitivity to heat and shock. For commercially available detonating fuse, it has been found desirable to employ at least 75% of RDX and at least 70% of PETN. </p>
<p> While cylindrical compacted bodies of RDX or PETN with nitrocellulose have been employed to specifically illustrate the invention, the invention is not so limited, since as previously indicated the compacted bodies may be of any desired shape. </p>
<p> The compacted bodies are easily produced by the usual smokeless powder process. In accordance with the preferred process, the nitrocellulose, Wet with 2B alcohol, is placed in a sigma-blade mixer together with the stabilizer and plasticizer, if used, the particulate explosive, acetone, and additional 2B alcohol. The ingredients are then thoroughly mixed, preferably for about 3 hours. In accordance with the preferred procedure, the composition is then extruded through a die of the desired dimensions, the perforation being formed by a die pin of a size slightly larger than the detonating fuse to be employed. The compacted, extruded bodies are dried in air at a temperature of about 120-140 F. to effect solvent removal. Alternatively, however, the paste from the mixer may be compression molded in a suitable mold and the solvent removed by drying as before. The RDX or PETN employed should be finely divided. </p>
<p> From the foregoing, it will be seen that the priming devices of the invention have many advantages. Devices having high heat or shock resistance may be prepared which when detonated, are highly bn'sant and capable of satisfactorily initiating insensitive blasting agents or other explosive composition. While the compacted bodies may be made in any size, small, inexpensive bodies are satisfactory. These bodies are structurally self-suflicient and require no metal or plastic shells for support. What is of great importance from the standpoint of both manufacturer and user is that the compacted bodies can be easily and economically prepared by utilizing known smokeless powder extrusion techniques and equipment. Other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art. </p>
<p> While the explosive priming device of the invention will have primary utility when used with the currently popular insensitive blasting agents, the device can also be used with more sensitive explosives if desired. In like manner, although the device has special utility for shooting hot holes, its use is not so restricted. It is intended that the scope of this invention be defined solely by th scope of the appended claims. </p>
<p>What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. As a new article of manufacture a priming devic for detonating blasting charges comprising a compacte explosive composition formed as a cylinder, the walls 0 said cylinder forming an annulus about a substantiall coaxially disposed perforation extending through at lea: a major extent of the length of the cylinder and adapte to contain a detonating means, said explosive consistin essentially of at least 75 percent cyclonite and at least 1. percent nitrocellulose to form an independent cohesiv body. </p>
<p> 2. An article of claim 1 wherein said perforation ex tends through said cylinder. </p>
<p> 3. An article of claim 1, wherein said detonating mean is a detonating fuse disposed in at least a portion of sait perforation in propagating relationship with said com pacted composition. </p>
<p> 4. An article of claim 1 wherein the said compacte explosive contains not in excess of about 5 percent of nonvolatile plasticizer for nitrocellulose. </p>
<p> 5. As a new article of manufacture a priming devic for detonating blasting charges comprising a compacte explosive composition formed as a cylinder, the walls 0 said cylinder forming an annulus about a substantiall coaxially disposed perforation extending through at lea: a major extent of the length of the cylinder and adapter to contain a detonating means, said explosive consistin, essentially of at least percent pentaerythritol tetrani trate and at least 15 percent nitrocellulose to form a1 independent cohesive body. </p>
<p> 6. An article of claim 5 wherein said perforation ex tends through said cylinder. </p>
<p> 7. An article of claim 5 wherein said detonating mean is a detonating fuse disposed in at least a portion of sait perforation in propagating relationship with said corn pacted composition. </p>
<p> 8. An article of claim 5 wherein the compacted ex plosive contains not in excess of about 5 percent of nonvolatile plasticizer for nitrocellulose. </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain Feb. 16, 1932 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-700985-A
|
US-1900025127-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2769516
| 1902-05-27
| 1900-07-28
| 1902-05-27
|
91/466.
| null |
F01L15/08
|
SINTZENICH EDWIN B
|
Balanced valve.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Patented May 27, |902. </p>
<p>E. B. SINTZENICH. </p>
<p>BALANGED VALVE. </p>
<p>(Application filed July 2B, 1900.) </p>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p>Uivrrnn Srnrns .WENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>EDVIN B'. SINTZENICH, OF ROCHESTER, NEV YORK. </p>
<p>BALANCED VALVE. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application filed July 28, 1900. </p>
<p>To all whom. t may concern.- </p>
<p> Be it known that I, EDWIN B. SINTZENICH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Balanced Valves, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> The invention relates to balanced valves for steam-engines, pumps, air-motors, &c. Its object is to produce a means of balancing a slide-valve by means that are easily attached to it and to provide means for packing the balancing mechanism or to prevent the escape of steam therefrom. </p>
<p> The invention consists in the mechanism hereinafter described and claimed. </p>
<p> In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudina lsection through the ports and steampassages of a cylinder and through a slidevalve having one or more balancing devices attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of one-half of a modified form of one of my balancing devices, and Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section on the diameter of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2. </p>
<p> The mechanism herein shown will be described as applied to the slide or D valve of an ordinary steam-engine cylinder, although the device is capable of application to other constructions by means within the skill and knowledge of those acquainted with the art of motors and pumps of various kinds. </p>
<p> In Fig. l is a portion of the cylinder of an ordinary steam-engine. o. is the exhaust-port thereof. a a2 are the steam-ports. B B are the side walls of a steam-chest. B is the steam-chest cover. h is the valve-rod. C is the slide-valve, which may be of usual form, or, as shown in the drawings, it may have extended iianges c c on the ends, perforated at c c', with ports adapted to register at the ends of the stroke of the valve with the steam-ports C1. 0.2. The lengthening of the D-valve C, as just described, is for the purpose o f giving a firmer base on which the valve rests and to tend to prevent a lifting or tipping of the Valve. The side walls B B of the valve-chest are or may be higher than usual in order to accommodate the balancing mechanism now to be described. On the top of the D-valve C is fastened a box E, that is connected with the interior cavity of the valve C by a proper Patent'NoL 700,985, dated May 27, 1902. </p>
<p>Serial No. 25,127. (No model.) </p>
<p>passage. In the present instance this passage is a small bore e through a bolt E, that fastens the box E to the valve-seat. If now the pressure within the box E is the same as within the valve C, the valve C would become balanced and there would be no tendency of thevalveto rise from its seat, nor would there be any pressure of the valve C downward on its seat except the mere weight of the valve. This will be the case if the box E is made steam-tight and the pressure in the steam-chest is excluded therefrom. The top B of the valve-chest is used as Ithe stationary surface just mentioned, and I produce a steam-tight connection as between the box E and the lsteam-chest cover B by the following means: The box E is made cylindrical on the outer side of theftlange e, and around this cylindrical surface is placed a packingring f, that is capable of movement up and down around the flange e. The inside face of the steam-chest cover and the upper edge of the ring f are surfaced to fit closely, and the said ring is lifted by means of a spring f pressing against the iiange e0 on the box E or, if desired, pressing upon the top of the valve C, which raises the ring f into ycontact with the under surface of the valve-chest cover B. The ringfis split in order to expand and contract and to tit upon the outer surface of the flange e. VOn the inner sur` face of the ring is cut a groove fo, which ends at points adjacent to where the ring is split, so that the groove fonwhen the ring f is tted upon the flange e constitutes a steam-tight cavity. On the lower edge ot' the ringfis cut another groove fo', that, like the groovefo, ends adjacent to the point where the ring is split and forms another steam-tight cavity. These two grooves fo and fo/ are connected by one or more passages foi. Beneath the ring f is a base for supporting the packing, consisting in the present instance of a second ring f2, that fits against the lower surface thereof and which the spring f presses against the lower edge of the ring j". On the outside of the ring f is another thin ring f3, that is also split and is so set on the ring fthat the split of the last-mentioned ring is covered by the ring f3. Of course the steam is led into the steamchest and pressure therein is the boiler-pressure. Under this pressure steam passes into IOO the cylinder through the port c' and the passagey a in the vposition of the parts shown in Fig. l to one end of the cylinder. From the other end of the cylinder steam passes out throughthe passage a2, valve C, and exhaustpassage a in this same position offparts. If the area within the packing-ringfis equal to the area of the open ports under the central cavity of the valve C, there would be perfect 'Inasmuch as the pressure in the valve-chest is greater than that under the valve C or inside the balancing device, this pressure Will tend to lift the'ringfzagainst the lower edge ofA the ringfand by reason of the groove f and passage]E02 will cause `the ringfz to hug the bottom of the ringf very closely. So, </p>
<p>also, the pressure upon the split ringf3 will cause it to fit closely upon the fiange e. This operation is arrested in the case of the rings f2 and f3 by the grooves fo' and fo, which act as if they Were open ports under (as to the pressure) the ringf2 and the ring f, whereby there is a greater surface for the action of the outside steam-.pressure than there is on the inside of said rings, the same being diminished to the extent of the area of the groovesfo'andfo. The action of these grooves thus described becomes eective by reason of'passages e0 through the fiange e, which connect the interior of the balancing device with both grooves fo and fo, being connected with the first through the passage or passages fm. It will be noticed that the inner upper edge of the ring ff is recessed or grooved, as atfo, the purpose of this being to cause it to tend to hug the steam-chest cover B more vclosely on account of the increased surface for operation of the outside steam-pressure over'the surface of the ring f, which takes the pressure against the steam-chest cover. Thismechanism is found to be effective and tof remain steam-tight, and by reason of the higher pressure in the steam-chest outside ofthe valve C and the balancing devices over the pressure within the balancing device and inside the valve C the pressure of the valve upon its seat is reduced and said pressure is variable in accord with the pressure of the exhaust inside the valve C, which pressure of the exhaust is increased or reduced inside. </p>
<p>the balancing device by reason of the communicating passage e. </p>
<p> In Figs. 2 and 3 there is shown a modified form of the same mechanism in which the ring f is surrounded by another split ring g, outside of which is placed the ring f3. The </p>
<p>ring Gfhas a groove Q0 around its lower edge corresponding to the groovefo. One or more passages Q02 connect the groove go With a groove Q03 on the upper edge of the ring g, and </p>
<p>Aone or more passages g04 connect with a passageor passages fo* in the ringf. This pastight it of the movable ringsfand g against the steam-chest cover; but upon employing the grooves and relief-'passages leading from -them the steam-tight fit of the rings on the box E and upon the steam-chest cover is found to be perfect and to have movement to produce a tight fit and the exclusion of the steam in a way which does not occur Without them. </p>
<p> The out-side ring]3 may have, as shown in Fig. 2, a protecting-plate fw, that is fastened in any suitable manner, as by a screw 731, to one end of the ring near Where it is split, said plate passing over the split and being held against the opening at the split by the steam-pressure in the steam-chest. </p>
<p> In the top B of the steam-chest is a hole b', filled by a movable plug 510. When this plug is removed, the pressure in the interior of the balancing device is always the same as the atmosphere and avoids, among other things, the disturbing effect of back pressure from the cylinderinto the D-valve. With this construction the bore c may be closed by a plug elo, or the bolt E may be made solid. When the usual form of riding cut-o is employed, the balancing device usuallyy has no uidpressure connection with the D-valve, but is merely fastened thereon, and the hole b is left open. </p>
<p> The box E rests, as shown, on the back of the D-valve (l, and so much of the box as rests in contact therewith of course precludes steam-pressure on so much of the valve. I prefer to leave some space between the bottom of the box E and the back of the valve in order that the steam-pressure in the steamchest, which of course acts in all directions, may get under the box and exert a lifting action which relieves the pressure of the valve C against its seat. The area of surface of the under side of the box E thus exposed to the steam-pressure should be greater than the surface of the open ports under the valve C. </p>
<p> It will be seen that this balancing device may be applied to any of the usual forms of slide-valve without change, except that in some cases the steam-chest has to be increased in height and the under side of the steamchest cover must be surfaced. </p>
<p>What I claim is-'- l. In abalanced Valve, a cylinder havin gin- IOO IIO </p>
<p>let and exhaust ports,a slide-valve forcausing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of the cylinder, a stearnfchest, a box secured to the back of slide-valve and a movable metallic packing supported on a base on said box and fitting the exterior of said box and against the steam-chest cover and having one or more grooves on its surfaces in contact with said box and said base and open passages from said grooves to the interior only of said box, substantially as described. </p>
<p> 2. In abalanced valve, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports,a slide-valve for causing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of the cylinder, a steam-chest, a box secured to the back of the slide-valve, and a movable inetallic packing supported in a base on said box and fitting the exterior of said box and against the steam-chest cover and having one or more grooves on its surfaces in contact with said box, said base and said steam-chest cover, and open passages from said groove to the interior only of said box, substantially as described. </p>
<p> 3. In a balanced valve, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports,a slide-valve for causing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of the cylinder, a steam-chest, a box secured to the back of lthe slide-valve, and a movable me- Tallic packing supported on a base on said box and iitting steam-tight against the outer surfaces of the box and against the under surface of the steam-chest cover and upon said base, means for pressing said base upward against the steam-chest cover, said packing having grooves on the surfaces pressing against said box and said base, and open connections from said grooves to the interior only of the box, substantially as described. </p>
<p> 4. In a balanced valve, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports,a slide-valve for causing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of the cylinder, a steam-chest, a box secured to the back of the slide-valve, and a movable metallic packing supported on a base on said box and fitting steam-tight against the outer surface of the box and against the under surface of the steam-chest cover and upon said base, means for pressing said. base upward against the steam-chest cover, said packing having grooves on the surfaces pressing against the steam-chest cover, said box and said base, and open connections from said grooves to the interior only of the box, substantially as described. </p>
<p>EDWIN B. SINTZENICII. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>C. M. PERKINS, F. BISSELL. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-463381-A
|
US-463381D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2532253
| 1891-11-17
| null | 1891-11-17
|
54/79.2
| null |
A01K13/008
| null |
Horse-blanket
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No ModeL) O. B. FALES. </p>
<p> HORSE'BLANKHT. No. 463,381. Patented Nov. 17,1891. </p>
<p>a g g 3 g A TT ORNE Y. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES ATENT ORANGE B. FALES, OF CANFIELD, OIIIO. </p>
<p>HORSE-BLANKET. </p>
<p>SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 463,381, dated November 17, 1891. </p>
<p>Application filed July 11, 1891- Serial No. 399,129- (No model.) </p>
<p>[ erence being had to the annexed drawings, </p>
<p>making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which- Figure 1 is a view showing the blanket properly placed upon the horse and my improved device properly attached to the blanket. Fig. 2 is a view showing the piercing-strap properly attached to portions of the blanket, showing the position of the inner 2o strap and the normal position of the piercing points and strap. Fig. 3 is a view showing portions of the piercing-strap and inner strap and the same attached together. Fig. a is an enlarged sectional View of the piercing-strap guide, showing its spring properly attached. </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is a view showing a portion of the piercing-strap and a piercing-point properly attached thereto. Fig. 6 is a view showing a portion of the inner strap and one of the apertures for receiving a piercing point or stud. Fig. 7 is a View showing the piercing and inner strap brought into proper position to bring the point of the piercing-stud through the inner strap, also showing a portion of the 3 5 blanket. </p>
<p> The present invention has relation to devices for preventing horses from tearing and removing blankets; and it consists in the peculiar construction hereinafter described, and </p>
<p> 0 particularly pointed out in the claims. </p>
<p> Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings. </p>
<p>In the accompanying drawings, A represents the blanket, which may be of any desired kind or style, and is placed upon the horse in the ordinary manner.' To the rear end of the blanket A is attached in any con- .venient manner the ends of the piercing-strap B, said ends being attached opposite to each other, as illustrated in Fig. 2. If desired, a </p>
<p>separate strap may be buckled to the ends of the piercing-strap and the separate strap attached to the blanket. It will be understood that two straps are to be employed, if separate straps are attached to the blanket, and the piercing-strap B buckled to the separate straps a. Y </p>
<p>To the inner strap 0 are attached the guides 'b, which guides are for the purpose of holding the piercing-strap B in proper position. These guides 12 are so formed and adjusted that the piercing-strap B will be free to move back and forth a short distance through the guides b. The piercing-strap B isprovided with the piercing-studs c, which studs are fixed to the piercing-strap by means of the plates d, which plates may be riveted to the outer ends of the piercing-studs c, or said piercing studs may be attached in any other convenient manner, as I do not desire to confine myself to any particular manner of attaching the piercing-studs c to the piercing-straps B. </p>
<p> To the blanket A is attached in any convenient and well-known manner the crupper e, and to said crupper is attached the top or upper end or portion of the strap f, the bottom or lower end of said strap being attached to the straps B and C or to either one of said straps, as desired. pose of holding the straps O and B in the positionillustrated in Fig. 1 when the blanket A is properly placed upon the horse. For the purpose of assisting and holding the blanket A upon the horse, the straps g are provided, which are constructed in the ordinary manner and are provided with ordinary buckles. </p>
<p> To the inner strap 0 are attached the elastic straps D, the opposite ends of said elastic straps being attached to the piercing-strap B, said elastic straps being for the purpose of normally holding the straps B in the position illustrated in Fig. 2. </p>
<p> In use I prefer to use a flat elastic strap or spring; but it will be understood that any other kind of a spring may be used without departing from the nature of my invention. The object and purpose of holding the strap B in the position illustrated in Fig. 2 is to prevent the piercing-studs c from reaching and piercing the horse, except as hereinafter described. In the event the horse attempts The strap f is for the pur to remove or tear the blanket with his teeth, the pull will cause the piercing-strap to as suine the position illustrated in Fig. 7, thereby forcing the piercing-studs a through one of the apertures 71, at which time the point of said piercing-studs will prick the horse and cause him to desist pulling. </p>
<p>' For the purpose of removing the piercingstuds 0 when the horse desists from pulling his blanket, the springs or elastic straps D are provided, which springs automatically bring the piercing-straps 13 together with the piercing-studs c in Fig. 2. </p>
<p> For the purpose of causing the piercingstuds 0 to act independent of each other, the strap B is fixed to the strap C about midway between said piercing-studs, as illustrated in Fig. 2. </p>
<p>Having fully described my invention, what into the position illustrated- I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is </p>
<p> 1. The combination of the blanket A, the straps l3 and U, the springs D, fixed to the straps C and D, and the piercing-studs c, fixed to the strap B, substantially as and for the purpose specified. </p>
<p> 2. The combination of the blanket- A, the straps B and C, the strap 0, provided with the apertures 71, and the strap B, provided with the piercing-studs c, the springs D, the strap f, and the guides 11, substantially as and for the purpose specified. </p>
<p> In testimony that I claim the above, I have hereunto subscribed inynaine in the presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>ORANGE FALES. </p>
<p>\Vitnesses: </p>
<p>E. A. 0. SMITH, F. V. BOND. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3149183-A
|
US-4457360-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
21933111
| 1964-09-15
| 1960-07-22
| 1964-09-15
|
525/238.
|
C08L25/12
|
C08L27/06
|
SALYER IVAL O
|
Ternary blends of vinyl chloride polymer-styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer and process for making the same
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57795619" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. A RIGID VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER POLYBLEND COMPOSITION COMPRISING FROM 40% TO 96% BY WEIGHT OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER AND THE REMAINDER STYRENE/ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMER AND A CHLORO-SULFONATED ETHYLENE POLYMER.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
|
en
|
<div>
<p>United States Patent Ival 0. Salyer and Harry Holladay, Dayton, @hio, </p>
<p>assignors to Monsanto fiompany, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. No. 44,573 </p>
<p>7 'Claims. </p>
<p>Filed July 22, B63, Ser. </p>
<p>((ll. 26il-897) This htvention relates to vinyl chloride polymers. In one aspect, this invention relates to vinyl chl ride compositions comprising ternary blends of vinyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and chlorc-sulfonated eth lene polymer. in another aspect, this invention relates to methods for making ternary blends of inyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitiile copolymer and crlomsulfonated ethylene polymer. </p>
<p> The many valuable properties of vinyl chloride polymers are well known and these polymers have become important commercially. Many of the vinyl chloride polymers are characterized as hard and rigid plastics but some of these polymers are not easily processed in conv ntional operations because of their thermoplasticity characteristics. It is known that the processability of the vinyl chloride polymers can be improved by the incorporation of a plasticizei in the polymer, but the resulting composition is lso softened and weakened, thereby limiting the end use of the composition. it is also known that the processability characteristics of a vinyl chloride polymer can advantageously be improved by incorporating a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer in the vinyl chloride polymer. However, vinyl chloride polymer and styrene/ acrylonitrile copolymer are only limitedly compatible so that there is no substantial improvement in toughness or any of the other physical properties of the polymer such as temperature resistance. Obviously, the end uses of vinyl chloride polymers can be greatly increased by providing compositions which are not only readily processed in existing operations but which also have improved temperature resistance, impact strength, and the like. </p>
<p> We have discovered that the compatibility of styrene/ acrylonitrile copolymer in vinyl chloride polymer compositions can be increased by blending into said compositions 2. chloro-suiionated ethylene polymer to form a ternary polyblend composition having improved properties. </p>
<p> An object of this invention is to provide improved vinyl chloride polymer compositions. </p>
<p> Another object of this invention is to provide ternary polyblend compositions of vinyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and chlorosulionated ethylene polymer. </p>
<p> Another object of this invention is to provide a method for raising the impact strength of a vinyl chloride polymer composition. </p>
<p> Another object or this invention is to provide a method for raising the temperature resistance of vinyl chloride polymer compositions. </p>
<p> Other aspects, objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from a consideration of the accompanying disclosure and appended claims. </p>
<p> In accordance with this invention, improved vinyl chloride compositions are made by incorporating small amounts of both styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer in vinyl chloride polymers to form a ternary polyblend or the same. The novel ternary polyblends of this invent on comprise a major proportion of vinyl chloride polymer and a minor proportion of both styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer. Ordinarily, the ternary blends of this invention comprise 40-96 wt. percent vinyl chloride polymer, 2-30 wt. percent styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and 2-30 wt. percent chlorosulionated ethylene polymer. Preferably, the styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer is present in an amount in excess of the amount of chi rosulfonated ethylene polymer present; however, the chlorosultonated ethylene polymer can somewhat less advantageously be present in an excess, if it is so desired. Although these proportions of addends in the novel vinyl chloride polymer compositions of this invention are preferred, other compositions outside the stated proportions can also be formed with fewer improvements of physical properties with improvements to a lesser degree than are obtained in the preferred compositions. </p>
<p> The vinyl chloride polymers utilized in this invention are unplasticized polyvinyl chlorides and unplasticized interpolymers containing at least 89% of weight vinyl chloride and up to 20% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate acrylonitrite, dibutyl maleate, and the like. Mixtures of such vinyl chloride polymers can also be used if desired. </p>
<p> The vinyl chloride polymers may be prepared by any of the polymerization techniques known to and employed by those skilled in the art, including such methods as solution, suspension, emulsion, and mass polymerization techniques. The vinyl chl ide res ns em loyed in the ternary compositions of ths invention most generally have weight average molecular weights in the range of from 19,066 to 506,099, although higher or lower molecular weight vinyl chloride resins are useful to some extent in the present invention. The molecular Weights referred to are determined by light scattering in methyl ethyl ketone solution. </p>
<p> The term vinyl chloride polymer as used herein is intended to include homopolymers or" vinyl chloride, i.e., polymers prepared by Subpcting to polymerization a monomeric material consistin of vinyl chloride as the sole polymerizable constituent, and copolymers of vinyl chloride with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith; however, it is to be understood that such copolymers can be employed whenever reference is made herein to polyvinyl chloride resins. </p>
<p> The styrene/acrylon ile copolymers utilized in this invention are hard and tough thermoplastic materials high in molecular weight and prepared by polymerizing a monomeric mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile, which may also conta n minor amounts of other copolymerizable monoolefimc monomers as minor constituents. Although styrene itself is a preferred monomer, other useful styrenes include methyl styrene, ethyl styrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, and similar styrenes copolymerizable with acrylonitrile. The acrylonitrile comonomer is preferabl acrylonitrile itself; however, other useful acrylonitriles include methacrylonitrile, ethacrylonitrile, chloroacrylonitrile, and the like. The styrcne/acrylonitrile copolymer may contain from 85 wt. percent styrene and from 15-40 wt. percent acrylonitrile, preferably from 6545 wt. percent styrene and from 20-35 wt. percent acrylonitrile. A very advantageous sytrene/acrylonitrile copolymer for use in this invention contains 72% styrene and 28% acrylonitrile and is available commercially under the trade name Bakelite RMD 4091. These styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art; for example, by polymerizing in solution, in mass, or in an aqueous medium. </p>
<p> The chlorosulfonated ethylene polymers incorporated in the ternary blends of this invention include chlorinated ethylene polymers as Well as the chlorosulfonated ethylene polymers as are We l known to those skilled in the art. </p>
<p>For example, certain commercial products sold under the trade name of Hypalon are chlorosulfonated polyethylenes and chlorinated polyethylenes. Chlorosulfonated ethylene polymers are made by chlorination and sulfonation of normally solid high molecular weight polymers of ethylene. Suitable ethylene polymers usually have number average molecular weights of at least 6000 and preferably above 15,000. Such ethylene polymers can be made readily by subjecting ethylene containing from to 200 ppm. oxygen to polymerization at very high pressures, for example, 20,000 to 40,000 p.s.i. There are other methods for preparing solid polyethylenes, for example, by employing peroxide or azo catalysts and water or an organic liquid reaction medium along with moderately high pressures, for example, 5,000 to 15,000 p.s.i. Also, as is well known in the art, ethylene polymers of greater rigidity and higher density can be prepared at relatively low pressures, e.g., less than 1000 p.s.i., using organo-metallic and metal oxide-supported catalysts. If desired, the ethylene polymer which is chlorosulfonated may be one which is a copolymer of ethylene and an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer processed in an amount preferably not to exceed wt. percent of the ethylene, for example, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chlorofiuoride, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. </p>
<p> The chlorosulfonation of the ethylene polymer can be effected in a number of different ways and one very suitable method for producing a preferred type of chlorosulfonated polyethylene is described in U.S. Patent 2,586,- 363. As disclosed therein, polyethylene is chlorosulfomated to form a polymer having a preferred chlorine content of about to 37% by Weight and a preferred sulfur content of from 0.4% to 3% by weight. One very suitable chlorosulfonated polyethylene for use in this invention contains about 27.5 wt. percent chlorine and about 1.5 wt. percent sulfur. The chlorine and sulfur atoms are believed to be chemically combined with the hydrocarbon chain of the polymer with most of the chlorine substituted on the chain and the sulfur combined with the chain as -SO Cl groups. This material contains about one chlorine atom for every 6 to 7 carbon atoms and one --SO Cl group for every 90 to 130 carbon atoms.v In the preparation of the chlorosulfonated polyethylene, the chlorosulfonation can be effected by reacting the polyethylene with chlorine and sulfur dioxide, with 50 C31 or with SO Cl and chlorine. Other procedures for making chlorosulfonated polyethylenes are described in the prior art, for example, in U.S. Patents 2,212,786, and 2,405,971. Preferably, the chlorosulfonated polyethylenes employed in the ternary blends of this invention have a chlorine content of from 10% to 50% by weight and a sulfur content of from 0.2% to 10% by weight although the sulfur content may be zero. </p>
<p> The ternary polyblend compositions of this invention are prepared by intimately admixing the vinyl chloride polymer, the styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and the chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer together. These components may be mixed in any order and may be in any conventional form. Preferably, all three components are admixed together in a suitable container to form a rough mix which is then mixed on a conventional mixing machine of the type normally used for mixing rubber or plastics, e.g., a roll mill or a Banbury mixer. If desired, the vinyl chloride polymer can be first placed on a roll mill and, after a smooth rolling bank has formed in the nip of the rolls, the other two components of the blend added either separately or as a mixture. Regardless of the method by which the mixing of the ingredients is accomplished, it is necessary that the components be admixed together or worked under sufficient heat and pressure to insure efiicient dispersion of the various components in the mixture to form a completely homogeneous material. The temperature at which this working or mastication is conducted is not critical so long as the temperature is at least above that where the vinyl chloride polymer fuses and not above the temperature where the vinyl chloride polymer decomposes. Usually a temperature above about 300 F. to 325 F. and less than about 350 F. to 375 F. is sufficient to obtain an adequately intimate combination of the materials. If desired, suitable minor ingredients can also be included in the ternary polyblends of this invention, including such ingredients as fillers, dyes, pigments, stabilizers, and the like. Preferably, heat stabilizers are added with vinyl chloride polymer as it is placed in the mixing equipment. </p>
<p>The ternary polyblend compositions obtained in this invention can be produced in any of the conventional forms. For example, the product can be calendered to form very thin, smooth sheets, press molded, laminated, embossed, cut, drilled or machined. </p>
<p> The advantages, desirability and the usefulness of the present invention are illustrated by the following example. </p>
<p>EXAMPLE Vinyl chloride polymer binary and ternary blends containing varying proportions of addends were prepared mechanically by milling the various mixtures of ingredients on 3 x 8 inch Throppe mill rolls heated to a temperature of approximately 350 F. A rough mix was first prepared from the powdered vinyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, and the pelleted chlorosulfonated ethylene rubber cut-up into small pieces. The required amounts of these ingredients, together with 2% Thermolite 31 stabilizer, were admixed by hand in a stainless steel beaker. Thereafter, the rough mix was placed on the heated mill rolls and the components thoroughly homogenized by intensive hot milling for 5 minutes or until an adequate dispersion was obtained. The material was repeatedly cut back during the milling operation in order to make sure a complete dispersion of the components was obtained. After blending of the components was complete, as evidenced by visual inspection, the blends were sheeted and stripped from the mill rolls. The sheets were cooled to room temperature and cut into shapes approximating the configuration of the mold in which the compression-molded specimens were made. plates using a Motch and Merryweather 30 ton compression molding press. The samples were first given a three minute preheat at a pressure of approximately p.sig. and then heated for a period of 5 minutes with a final temperature of approximately 350 F. and a final pressure of 1000 p.s.i. hydraulic pressure. At the end of this time, the specimens were cooled to room temperature with water and removed from the press. The desired physical test specimens were then cut from the compression molded material for the determination of various physical properties of the blend. </p>
<p> The physical properties of the various blends are reported in Table I. These physical properties were determined according to the standardASTM procedures, more specifically the notched impact strength was determined by the Izod method as set forth in ASTM D 256-47T, the Clash-Berg data were determined according to ASTM D-1043-51, and the tensile strength properties were determined according to ASTM D-882-46. </p>
<p> The physical properties reported'in Table I were measured on specimens prepared from a commercially available polyvinyl chloride resin identified as Opalon 300 to which'had been added 2% by weight of Thermolite RS 31 which is a tin mercaptide heat stabilizer. styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer was either an experimental polymer containing 76% styrene and 24% acrylonitrile, or a commercially available polymer identified as Bakelite RMD 4001 containing 72% by weight of styrene and 28% by Weight of acrylonitrile. The chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber was obtained commercially and was identified as Hypalon S2. </p>
<p>The material was molded between press polished Table I PROPERTIES OF VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER-STYRENE/ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYNIER CHLOROSULFONATED ETHYLENE POLYIMER POLYBLENDS 1 Composition, percent I d Clash-Berg Data Tensile Properties zo Impact Vinyl Styrene] Chloro- Strength, Strength Percent Chloride Acrylosulfonated it-lb../in. Tr, T2000, SFR at break, Elonga- Polymer 2 nitrile Polyethylene C. 0. p.s.i. tion Copolymer 1 All polyblends contain 2% Thermolite 31 stabilizer. 2 Opalon 300 vinyl chloride polymer. </p>
<p>i Hypalon S2 chlorosulfonated polyethylene. </p>
<p>The data in Table I show that the presence of chloro- 20 onitrile copolymer is only limitedly compatible with vinyl sulfonated polyethylene in a vinyl chloride-styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer composition substantially raises the rubber temperature (T of the composition, without causing large changes in the brittle temperature (T thereby broadening the Stifllex range (SFR) from 2 to 3 times the value for either vinyl chloride polymer alone or for a binary mixture of vinyl chloride and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer. The brittle temperature (T is the temperature at which the stillness modulus is 135,000 </p>
<p>p.s.i. and the rubber temperature (T is the temperature at which the stiffness modulus is 2000 psi. The Stifiiex range (SFR) is determined by difference. The </p>
<p>rubber temperature is a measure of the heat resistance of the composition because at temperatures above this temperature, the composition has no weight or load bearing characteristics. It is particularly desirable to have compositions with high heat resistant temperatures for the fabrication of household articles since these articles are very often washed in hot water. With reference to Table I, it will be noted that the presence of 7 wt. percent chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber in vinyl chl0ride-styrene/- acrylonitn'le copolymer compositions containing 15 wt. percent and 10 wt percent of the latter raised the T2000 to temperatures of 105.5 C. and 100.3 C., respectively, which are temperatures above the boiling point of Water. These increases in T2000 are substantial when compared with the value of 86.3 C. for vinyl chloride polymer and 862 C. for a vinyl chloride-styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer binary polyblend. The increase in the Stifilex range (SFR) is also noteworthy because it indicates that the changes in the physical characteristics of the ternary polyblends for this invention vary gradually over a wide temperature range, and therefore, a failure of the compositions under load will not be sudden or immediate. For example, as shown in Table I the Stiifiex range for a ternary polyblend containing 7% chlorosulfonated polyethylene and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer is 31.4 as compared with a value of 12.7 for a binary polyblend comprising 87.5% vinyl chloride polymer and 12.5% styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer. </p>
<p> It will also be noted from the data in Table I that the addition of chlorosulfonated polyethylene to a vinyl chloride polymer-styrenelacrylonitrile copolymer raises the Izod impact strength of the composition a significant amount. For example, a ternary polyblend containing 7% chlorosulfonated polyethylene and 10% styrene/- acrylonitrile copolymer has an impact strength of 1.3 ft-lb/ in. as compared with a value of 0.56 ft-lb/in. for a binary polyblend containing 93% vinyl chloride polymer and 5% styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer. </p>
<p> It is believed that these improvements in vinyl chloride polymer compositions are obtained by increasing the compatibility of styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer in vinyl chloride polymer by the addition of chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer to the composition since styrene/acrylchloride polymer. </p>
<p> The ternary blends of this invention are useful in making injection molded and compression molded articles, and can also be used in other forms, for example, as films, surface coatings, and monofilaments. They can also be mixed with other materials, such as pigments, plasticizers, natural and synthetic resins, fillers, and the like, according to procedures well known to those skilled in the art. </p>
<p> Reasonable variation and modification of the invention as described are possible, the essence of which is that there have been provided ternary polyblend compositions of vinyl chloride polymers comprising a major amount of a vinyl chloride polymer and a minor amount of both a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and a chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer, and methods for preparing the same. </p>
<p>We claim: </p>
<p> 1. A rigid vinyl chloride polymer polyblend composition comprising from 40% to 96% by weight of the vinyl chloride polymer and the remainder styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and a chloro-sulfonated ethylene polymer. </p>
<p> 2. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising from 40% to 96% by weight of a vinyl chloride polymer, from 2% to 30% by weight of a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, and from 2% to 30% by weight of a chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer. </p>
<p> 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said styrene/ acrylonitrile copolymer is present in an amount which is greater than the amount of said chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer. </p>
<p> 4. The composition of claim 2 wherein said chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer contains a chlorine content of 10% to 50% by weight and a sulfur content of 0.2% to 10% by weight. </p>
<p> 5. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising vinyl chloride polymer, 15% by weight styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and 7% by weight chlorosulfonated polyethylene. </p>
<p> 6. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising vinyl chloride polymer, 10% by weight styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and 7% by weight chlorosulfonated polyethylene. </p>
<p> 7. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising vinyl chloride polymer, 5% by weight styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers and 7% by weight chlorosulfonated polyethylene. </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,646,417 Jennings July 21, 1953 2,889,308 Fedderson June 2, 1959 2,956,980 Law Oct. 18, 1960 OTHER REFERENCES Renfrew et a1.: Polythene, Iliiie & Sons, Ltd. (London, 1957, 1st edition), pages 276-279. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1427059-A
|
US-52510621-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24091946
| 1922-08-22
| 1921-12-27
| 1922-08-22
|
123/179.12
|
F02N99/00
|
F02N99/008
|
BRIDGFORD ARCHIE G
|
Manifold heater for internal-combustion engines
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>LAQ'KQW. Patented Aug. 22, 1922. </p>
<p>2 -SHEETSSHEET l. </p>
<p>Qnvcnfom A, G. BRIDGFOBD AND S. B. BOLTON. </p>
<p>MANIFOLD HEATER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED DEC.27. I92]. I </p>
<p>1,427,059. PatehtedAug. 22, 1922. </p>
<p>2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. </p>
<p>A; a firidgfowd and efi z'dneg EIQZZWQ I warren e awatt? easier... </p>
<p> enema e; aarneroan Ann SIDNEY a. Borrow, on name, rumors; earn season ASSIG-NOR TO SAID BRIDGFDRD. </p>
<p>MANIFOLD HEATER FOR, INTERNAIi-CQMBUSTIOllT ENGINES. </p>
<p>ll A27 $059., </p>
<p>To allwhomit may concem: 4 Be it known that we, ARoHIE G. BRIDG- FORD and SIDNEY B. Bor/roN, citizens of the United States, residin respectively, at. </p>
<p>Aledo, in the county ofl ercer and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Manifold Heaters for Internal-Combustion Engines; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the artto which it appertains to make and use the same. I </p>
<p> The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a device for initially heating the intake manifold and facilitating the starting of the engine. </p>
<p> An object of the present invention is to utilize the fuel of the engine to heat the in take manifold of an internal combustion engine in order that the gas in the manifold may be properly and completely vaporized before entering the firing chambers of the engine. </p>
<p> Another object is the provision of a burner and admitting a predetermined charge of fuel into the burner, and the vaporizing of a portion of this fuel by coming in contact with electrically generated heat. The balance of the charge of fuel is lighted by the ignition of the vaporized fuel engines is. particularly adapted to the starting of engines in cold weather. </p>
<p> A further object of the present invention is to provide, an improved heater which may be controlled and ignited from theinstru' ment board or other place of control of the internal combustion engine; which consumes the usual fuel of the engine; and which may be started and lighted from'the source of current supply for the ignition of the engine. </p>
<p> Astill further object of the invention is to provide a manifold heater of this type which is of relatively simple and compact construction, which comprises but few parts, </p>
<p> Specification of Letters Eatent. Patent fl Au 22 192% Application filed December 27, 1921. serial No. 525,108. 7 </p>
<p>and which is so constructed that the various parts may be easily separated to admit access to the interior of the heater. </p>
<p>1W1th the fore oing and other objects in View, the invention will be more fully described hereinafter, and will be more particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto. </p>
<p> In the drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like or corresponding parts throughout the several views. </p>
<p> Fig. 1, is an end elevation of the heater as applied to a manifold. </p>
<p> Fig. 2, through the same. </p>
<p> Fig. 3, is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the heater and manifold;- </p>
<p> F 1g. 4, s a diagrammatic view, illustrating the wiring for distributing the source of electrical current. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, 10 designates a manlfold of any suitable type provided with the depending branch or intake portion 11, adapted to be connected to the outlet to a carbureter. At the juncture of the parts 10 and 11 of the manifold, is mounted a heater casing '12. The casing 12 may be mountedin any suitable manner upon the manifold, and may even be integraltherewith as shown. The casing 12 is provided with a cylindrical or drum portion 13 which is substantially concentric to the main portion 10 of the manifold, and which provides a di-' The lower end of the casing 12 has an air inlet 17 in the contracted bottom thereof for admitting cold air in a restricted stream to the interior of the casing 12 where the air is permitted to expand when heated. Above the air' inlet 17 is a cone or deflector 18 in the form of a receptacle having openings 19 in the bottom thereof, through which is a transverse section takenthe air may rise. The walls of the re-- cepta'cle l8 converging at their upper ends to provide an elongated relatively narrow slot through which the flame is adapted to pass. The receptacle 18 is carried upon the projects through the end wall of the casing and longitudinally therein, and fits into an opening formed through the (Hlate 20 for holding the burner tuberigi y in place. The burner tube is held to the late 20 by a screw lug 23 which is threa ed into the open end of the burner tube, and which has a flanged head over-lapping the plate 20 to bind thereagainst, and to bind against the end of the tube. provided with an external flange 24, which is arranged to fit in a boss or socket .25 which is formed u on the exterior wall of the casing 12. T e boss 25 is exteriorly threaded to receive a binding nut 26 thereover, and the nut is adapted to-work against the flange 24 for binding the burner tube in the casing. Fuel is conducted to the burner tube through a supply pipe 27, and" the. latter is provided with a measuring section 28 located between a pair of valves 29 and 30, the stems 31 of which are connected together by an operatin rod' 32. The valves 29 and 30 are so positioned that when one valve is open, the othervalve is closed, and the stems 31 are so connected to the rod 32 as to alternately shift these valves into open and closed positions. The burner tube 22 is arched downwardly, as at 33 to form a basin into which the fuel is adapted to drain from the opposite ends of the tube; thus insuring the complete consumption of each charge of fuel admitted to the tube. </p>
<p> For the purpose of initially heating and vaporizing the fuel in the burner tube 22, an electric resistance or heating coil 34 is mounted upon the inner end of the plug 23, and projects into the outer end of the tube 22. One end of'the heating coil 34 is grounded in the casing 12 through the set screw 35 which is carried by the plug 23 and beneath'the head of which one end of the. coil 34 is clamped. The other end of. </p>
<p> the coil 34 terminates in the wire 36, which leads to a contact 37 mounted on a suitable support, such as upon the end of the cas-. </p>
<p> ing 12. The plate 20 carries a spark plug '38 which has an electrode 39, which extends 1nt o proximity to the burner tube 22, at a point immediately above the latter, and the burner tube has a slot or opening 40 extending immediately over the basin 33, and which terminates at one end in a projection 41, forming a second electrode, and which approaches the electrode 39. The electrode 39 is connected through the barrel of the plug 38 in the usual manner to a wire, 42 </p>
<p> which extends to the grounded secondary winding of a transformer 57. i If desired, a thermostatic switch 44 may The burner tube 20 is grounded. </p>
<p>be secured through the wall of the casing 12, and grounded at one ,side therein. The switch 44 has a wire 45 leading therefrom and through the telltale lam 46, and thence to a fixed contact 47 whic is located in proximity to the contacts 37 and 43. These contacts are preferably arranged. in a hori= zontal row, and are of resilient-or springstructure so as to slidably engage the conductors 48, 49, and 50 of an insulating block 51, which is mounted on the rod 32. Shift- 'ing of the rod brings the conductors and the contacts into engagement with each other to close the circuits and also separates the conductors from the contacts to break the circuits. As shown in Fig. 4, 52 illustrates the usual battery of a motor vehicle, which is grounded, as at 53 and which at its. other side is connected by wires 54 and 55 to the conductors 48 and 49 respectively. The battery 52. has a third wire 56 which leads to the conductor 50, and the contact 43 of the latteris connected to the primary of the transformer 57,'which primary is I In o eration, the rod 32 is operated from an sultable convenient point to open the va ve 29, and close the valve 30. Durin such operation the pipe section 28 is filled with fuel. The rod 32 is now moved in an opposite direction or inwardly to open the valve 30, and close the valve 29, whereupon a charge of fuel is admitted to the burner 22. As the rod 32 is moved inwardly or toward thecasing 12, the contacts 37, 43, and 47 are closed in their respective circuits with the battery 52, and the heatin coil 34 is energized and caused to heat an evaporate the liquid fuel .in the burner tube 22. 4 At the same time, the transformer 57 produces the high tension current at the electrodes 39 and 41 and causes a spark to bridge the gap at the slot 40 of the burner tube. This causes the ignition of the vapors generated by the heat coil 34. </p>
<p> When the telltale light 46 is used, the heat generatedwithin the casing 12 operates the switch 44 when the heat rises to a predetermined temperature, and closes the circuit through the wire 45 and lamp 46 to 11 actuate the latter, and impart a visual indication of the time when the desired temperature. is reached. -As soon as the light 46 is actuated, the rod 32 may then be ,shifted into an opposite position so as to break all of the circuits and to recharge the tube section-28 for subsequent use. I </p>
<p> What is claimed is: I 1. In a manifold heater, a casing for en closing the manifold and having openings in its topand' bottom, and at one end,-a cover plate for said end, a burner tube mounted on said cover plate adapted to project into the casing for heating fuel therein, and ignit ing, means carried by the cever plate ar= 130. </p>
<p>1,427,,oae </p>
<p>ranged to project over the burner tube for igniting vapor produced by heating fuel. </p>
<p> 2. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to enclose a manifold, a burner tubeprojecting from one end into the lower portion of the casing, means for feeding liquid fuel to the burner tube, a removable plate closing the other end of the casing, heating means .rried by the plate and projectin into the ourner tube .for vaporizing fueI therein, ignition means carried by the plate and arranged-. oveif the burner tube for igniting vaporized fuel, and a deflector casing carried by the plate and fitting over the tube to concentrate the flame when the vapor is ignited. </p>
<p> 3. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to enclose the manifold, a burner tube projecting into one end of the casing, a cover plate closing the other end of the casing, a plug carried by the cover-plate for detachable engagement in the inner end of the burner tube to close the same and hold the burner tube in place, a heating coil carried by said plug and projecting into the burner tube for vaporizin the fuel therein, and an ignition plug carried by the plate and projecting over the outlet of said burner tube to ignite the vaporized fuel. </p>
<p> 4. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to enclose the manifold of an internal combustion engine, a burner tube mounted in the lower part of the casing, a valved con-- nection between the burner tube and the source of fuel supply of the engine for charging the tube with a predetermined quantity of fuel, heating means in the burner tube for vaporizing the fuel, igniting means arranged above the outlet of the burner tube for igniting the vapor issuing therefrom, a signal device for indicating the. </p>
<p>heating of the interior of the casing, and connections between the heater, the igniting means and the indicator, and the ignition circuit of the engine for vaporizing and in the casing above the slot in the burner tube for igniting, gas issuing therefrom, and a single means controlling the delivery of fuel to the tube, and the energizing of said heating unit and sparking means. </p>
<p> 6. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to be arranged about a manifold, a burner tube arranged in thelower end of the casing, means for supporting one end of the tube in an end wall of the casing, said other end wall of the casing having an openingtherethrough, a cover plate for said opening, a plug carriedby the cover plate adapted for binding engagement in the burner tube for holding the same to the plate, heating means carried by the plug adapted to project into the tube, and igniting means carried by the plate and projecting into the casing for igniting the vapor rising from the burner tube. </p>
<p>7. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to surround a manifold, a burner tube extending across the lower portion of the easing, a cone slidably fitting over the tube and rising above the same, a plug projecting into the burner tube and having, a heating element thereon for vaporizing fuel in the tube, igniting means in the casing projecting into the cone above the burner tube, and a removable plate carried by the casing for supporting said plu and said ignitin means. </p>
<p> RCI-IIE G. BR GFORD. SIDNEY B. BOLTON. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-772811-A
|
US-1904218076-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2841296
| 1904-10-18
| 1904-07-25
| 1904-10-18
|
411/205.
| null |
F16B39/04
|
LUKEHART ALBERT C
|
Nut-lock.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>' N0.v72,s11. PATENTED"0CT.18,1904. A. a. LUKEHART. </p>
<p>NUT LOOK. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED JULY 25. 1904. </p>
<p>N0 MODEL. </p>
<p>Q v avwqwtor Wwne/Aoeo v Zaire/0a 2w To all whom it may concern.- </p>
<p>15 it home. </p>
<p>4 of the bolt and nut. </p>
<p>Patented October 18, 1904. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT ,OFFICEQ ALBERT O. LUKEHART, OF FALLS CREEK, PENNSYLVANIA. </p>
<p>NUT-LOCK. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 772,811, dated October 18, 1904.. </p>
<p>Application filed July 25, 1904. 'Serial No. 218,076. (No model.) </p>
<p>Be it known that I, ALBERT O. LUKEHART, </p>
<p>a citizen of the United States, residing at Falls Creek, in the county of Clear-field, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Nut-Locks; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, </p>
<p>andexact description of the invention, such; </p>
<p>as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. </p>
<p>sitionto which it may be turned in screwing There are two general classes of these devicesone in which no provision is made for turning the nut-lock and another in which a retrograde movement of the nut is provided for. -My invention belongs to the latter class and is designed for the widest range of use. </p>
<p>My invention consists of a dog or pawl pivoted in a recess formed in the head of the nut, </p>
<p>the free end of which dog is adapted to be 2 5 pressed by means of a spring into engagement with one of the ratchet-teeth of the several rows cut longitudinally in the threads of the bolts upon which the nuts are turned, and thus hold the nut against retrograde movement. 0 A spring or other device arranged in a recess in the opposite side or end of the nut is capable of being moved and, through an operative connection withthe first-mentioned spring, of releasing the dog and allowing the spring to be turned back, all as will be hereinafter more fully described in connection with the annexed drawings, and letters of reference marked thereon, forming-a part of this specification. </p>
<p>Of the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation Fig. 2 is a top plan View. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the nut, the bolt being shown in section. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the pawl. </p>
<p>Referring now to the drawings, a designates a bolt which may be of the form shown or any other needed for use. b is the nut, turned on the screw-threaded part of'the bolt. The </p>
<p> latter has one or morelines or kerfs or ratchetteeth 0 cut therein, as shown, that may be en- 5 gaged by the end of the-dog or pawl d, ar- </p>
<p>ranged to operate in a recess formed in the bottom face of the nut, and a vertical shank 0 extends up in a recess formed in the side of the nut to the top, wherein in a top recess it is provided with aflat spring f, adapted to be operated vertically, so that it may be lifted up at its outer end and moved laterally to one side or the other of a vertical lug g. A spring it in the bottom recess of the nut and which is controlled by the position of the flat spring f is arranged so that it may be made to bear against the dog cl and hold it in engagement with the ratchet-teeth formed on the screwthreads on the bolt. </p>
<p> In operation, the springf being moved out side the lug g, the pawl will be released and the nut will be turned up or to any position it is desired to have it, when the flat spring will be raised and moved over the lug 9 inside of the same, and the spring 71 below will act on the dog (Z and cause it to engage a ratchettooth 0, formed on the thread of the bolt, and </p>
<p>hold the nut in fixed position. </p>
<p> The utility of the invention seems to be so obvious as not to call for explanation. The </p>
<p>device is at once simple in construction and entirely efficient and'duralole. It is, as before stated, capable of a wide range of use, since there is nothing in the way of its employment where an ordinary nut may be used. </p>
<p> The nuts and bolts'may be made separately and sold as complete articles of manufacture. </p>
<p> The observation is made that it is known that mechanical changes may be made in the form and arrangement of parts without departing from the nature or spirit of the invention. </p>
<p>' What is claimed is-. </p>
<p> The nut for a bolt, hereinbefore set forth, having recessed faces, a pawl in the lower face, a regulating-spring in its upper face, a lug in the recess of the upper face on either side of which the cooperating regulating-spring may be removed, and a connecting-shank between the regulating-spring and pawl, all combined and operating substantially as described and illustrated. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I affiX my signature in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>ALBERT O. LUKEHART. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1857486-A
|
US-53583831-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24135982
| 1932-05-10
| 1931-05-08
| 1932-05-10
|
415/179.
|
F04D29/58
|
F04D29/584
|
TRUMPLER WILLIAM E
|
Centrifugal blower
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> lll l llllllllll HIHII lllll mill ll /III VII will @I IIIIIII w; E. TRUMPLER ,CENTRIFUGAL BLowER Filed May s, 1'931 May 10, 1932.` </p>
<p>-Patented May Il), 1932' UITEDSTATES -PATENrfol-FICE i wxLLumi n m'aUuPLnn, or nnsroN, rnNNsYLvnNn, `essIeNon. To mcnnsommn CMIRAEI'Y',l 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, </p>
<p>A `CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY' cniv'rmuear. Brom Application Med lay l8, 1931. Serial' No. 535,838. </p>
<p> This invention relates to multi-stage centrifugal blowers, compressors and the like, and more particularly to a diaphragm interposed between stages aof apparatus of this character. </p>
<p> One object of the invention is to avoid un-v due acceleration and consequent pressure loss between stages. </p>
<p> f Another object is-to assure a comparativel l0 direct path off/flow for the fluid from a di user chamber into the guideways leading to theeye of a succeeding stage impeller. </p>
<p> Other objects willbe in partobvious and in part pointed out hereinafter. </p>
<p> In the drawings laccompanying this 'speciication and forming a part thereof, </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a sectlonal elevation of aportion of a centrifugal blower equipped with a diaphragm constructed in accordance with 20 'the practice of the invention, </p>
<p>Flgure 2 1s a transverse view takenthrough Figure 1 on the line 2 2 looking in the direction indicated by the`arro`ws, and Figure 3 is a top plan view of the dia- 25 phragm. i c </p>
<p> Referringmore particularly to the drawings, the blower which is designated nercasing A is of larger diameter than-the impellers K' and L and the impellers are suitably spaced along the length of the shaft J to c permit the arran ment between adacent impellers of dialragms O which are `so spaced with respect to each other as to form therebetween diffuser chambers P into which the fluid charged. f </p>
<p>Each diaphragm O constructed in accordance with the practice of the invention ma consist of upper and lower half-sections 4he sections Q and R and R respectively. </p>
<p>pumped by the impellers is disma be identical in all t eir essential respects an comprise outer and inner walls Sand TA which are connected together by vanes U, shown in this instance as being of'involute `shape to form correspondingy sha d guideways V through which the uid ows from the diffuser chamber P to the eye W of a succeeding stage impeller. </p>
<p> In order that the fluid-may flow from the diiuser chamberP into the adjacent guide- 'ways V' along a path of minimum tortuosity the wall S is provided with suitable notches or recesses X which are denedb a. portion Y of the peripheral 4surfaces of the vanes U comparing the ,present "structure with diaphragms as heretofore constructed and in 1 which a pair of circular walls of different diameterv are held in spaced relation by vanes disposed therebetween to form guideways through whichl the fluid flows from the diiuser'chamber to a succeeding stage impeller.f </p>
<p> In blowers'as at present constructed, however, the wall of smaller diameter and which wouldtherefore correspond to the Wall S of the present structure, being circular and extending with its periphery to at least the outer Vends' of the vanes, requires rthat the pressure fluid make an abrupt or right-angle turn, to pass thereover to the inlet' opening of the guideways and therefore a second right-angle turnin entering the guideways. The fluid must, in view of this arrangement, follow an extremel tortuous'fpathL from the diffuser chambers into the guideways with consequent undesirable acceleration and considerable pressure loss. This is of course highly objectionable in apparatus Iof this character and in which, unlike compressors of the reciprocatory type, the pressure of the Huid is not increased by very substantial values in individual stages. </p>
<p>. As `is of 'course well known, owing tothe work of compression the temperature of the fluid increases progressively duringits passage through the several stages of the blower. In' other words,`the temperature of the fluid flowing through the diffuser chamber P as-v sociated with the impeller K and which, for this purpose,'may be considered as being the first stage impeller, is increased considerably above atmospheric temperature, and the temperature is again increased during the pas-4 sages ofthe fluid through the impellerL and its diffuser chamber P. f </p>
<p> Unless effectively restrained the heat of the fluid of higher value will be transmitted to adjacent guideways and diffuser chambers and be absorbed lby the fluid flowing therethrough, thus 4causing a reduction'in'the efciency of the blower. y i. </p>
<p> In view .fof the foregoing facts it is contemplated to insulate the guideways V from the diffuser chamber P of a succeeding stage. To this end the diaphragm O is rovided with an additional wall e to form a ounding surface for the' diffuser chamber P associated with the succeeding stage impeller, as for instance the impeller L., The wall e, which is connected at its ends with the wall T, is suitably spaced with respect to the wall T to form therebetween an annular insulating 'chamber f which may be either an air pocket or, as shown, may be used as a water jacket to effect an additional cooling of the fluid flowinfr over the walls T and e. </p>
<p> n order to render the space f capable for use as a water jacket the diaphragm is providedy in its periphery with a port gv throu h which s water may be introduced into tie chamber f. Such water may be conveyed to the chamber f by a connection h threaded into the casing A and communicating with a groove j in the periphery of the diaphragm 0. </p>
<p> Preferably the diaphragm O is provided on its periphery with a pair of ribs k which are located on opposite sides of the groove j and extend into an internal oove o in the casing A to conveniently maintain the diaphragm O in the proper position relatively to the impellers K and L, and also to effect a suitable fluid tight joint at this point between adjacent dilfuserchambers, </p>
<p>In practice, the present invention has been found to be extremely eilicient. By means of the arrangement described a comparatively direct path has been provided for the fluid from the diffuser chamber P into the guideways No portion of the path followed by the fluid from the difuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller is restricted and, as a result thereof, the conversion of the velocity of.the luid'into pressure maybe elliciently brought about. Moreover, by insulating the gudeways V from the comparatively high temperature prevailing in the diffuser chamber of a succeeding stage, the temperature of the fluid-flowing through the guidewaysis in no wise increase above the value contained upon the discharge of the iuidfrom theimmediately preceding stage impeller. </p>
<p> 1. A multi-stage centrifugal blower including a plurality of impellers, diffuser chambers vto receive the fluid from the impellers, a diaphragm between adjacent impellers, vanes on the diaphragm forming guideways to`convey fluid from a diuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller, and a wall forming a closure for one side of the guideways and having notches through which fluidl flows to the inlet openings of the guideway's. </p>
<p> 2. A'multi-stage centrifugal blower -including a plurality of impellers, diffuser chambers to receive the fluid from the im- 'pellers, a diaphragm between adjacent impellers', vanes on the diaphragm 'forming guideways to convey Huid from a' diffuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller, and a wall forming a closure for one side of the guideways and having portions of its periphery coincident with portions of the outer surfaces iof'the vanes, said wall having stepped portions extending from the outer ends of the asuman vanes to intermediate portions of adjacent vanes. </p>
<p> 3. A multi-stage centrifugal blower including a plurality of impellers, diffuser chambers to receive the fluid from the impellers, a diaphragm between adjacent impellers, vanes on the diaphragm forming guideways to convey'luid from a diffuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller, and a wall formin a closure for one side of the guideways am? having recesses therein to enable Huid to flow over intermediate portions of the vanes to the inlet openings of adjacent guideways. </p>
<p>4. A multi-stage centrifugal blower in cluding a plurality of impellers, diffuser chambers to receive the duid from the impellers, a diaphragmv between adjacent impellers, vanes on the diaphragm forming guideways to convey fluid from a diffuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller, a. wall forming a closure for one side of the guideways and having recesses therein to enable Huid to flow over intermediate portions ofthe vanes to the inlet openings of adjacent guideways, and means on the diaphragm to form an insulatin chamber be- .tween the guideways and a di user chamber. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof I have signed this specification. </p>
<p>' WILLIAM E. TRUMPLER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3325768-A
|
US-46033065-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23828270
| 1967-06-13
| 1965-06-01
| 1967-06-13
|
439/441.
|
H01R9/26
|
H01R2103/00
|
MUNROE RONALD G
|
Electrical contact with screw terminal and pressure-lock terminal
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57933076" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. IN A COMBINED CONTACT AND PRESSURE-LOCK TERMINAL, A SHANK HAVING A BOTTOM EDGE AND A SIDE EDGE, SAID EDGES BEING AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER, A FLANGE ON SAID SIDE EDGE FOR CONNECTION WITH AND SUPPORT OF A CONTACT, SAID FLANGE EXTENDING INWARDLY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO SAID SHANK AND CONSTITUTING AN ANVIL OF A PRESSURE-LOCK TERMINAL, SAID TERMINAL FURTHER INCLUDING A PRESSURE-TONGUE COOPERATING WITH SAID ANVIL, SAID PRESSURE-TONGUE INCLUDING A BASE CANTILEVER-CONNECTED TO AND EXTENDING INWARDLY FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK REMOTELY FROM THE SAID SIDE EDGE AND ADJACENT THE OPPOSITE SIDE EDGE, THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF SAID TONGUE, EXCEPT THE BASE, BEING FREE OF THE SHANK, THE TIP OF SAID TONGUE BEING ANGLED UPWARDLY AWAY FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK TO TERMINATE CLOSE TO BUT SPACED FROM THE FLANGE A DISTANCE THEREFROM LESS THAN THE DIAMETER OF A BARE CONDUCTOR WIRE, SAID PRESSURE-TONGUE INCLUDING AN INTERMEDIATE SECTION BETWEEN THE BASE OF THE TONGUE AND THE TIP THEREOF, SAID INTERMEDIATE SECTION EXTENDING FROM THE BASE OF THE TONGUE DOWNWARDLY AWAY FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK AND THEN REVERSING TO EXTEND UPWARDLY AND CROSS THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK, SAID SHANK, FLANGE AND PRESSURE-TONGUE BEING FORMED OF A SINGLE PIECE OF HEAVY STIFF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SHEET METAL STOCK.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
|
en
|
<div>
<p>June 13, 1967 R. G. MUNROE 3,325,?68 </p>
<p>ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH SCREW TERMINAL AND PRESSURE-LOCK TERMINAL Filed June 1, 1965 INVENTOR. RONALD G. MUNROE BY lui mn A T TORNE Y5 United States Patent 3,325,768 ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH SCREW TERMINAL AND PRESSURE-LGCK TERMINAL Ronald G. Munroe, Old Bridge, N.J., assignor to Eagle Electric Mfg. Co., Inc., Long island City, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed June 1, 1965, Ser. lo. 460,330 8 Claims. (Cl. 33995) This invention relates to an electrical contact which is combined with botha screw terminal and an integral pressure-lock. </p>
<p> Pressure-lock terminals have recently become popular for home electrical devices, particularly those which are designed for installation by a householder. This is quite understandable because they are extremely easy to connect in circuit, requiring simply stripping the insulation ofi the end of a conductor and thrusting the exposed tip of the metal core into an opening in the insulating housing for the electrical device. Typical pressure-lock terminals are disclosed in United States Letters Patent Nos. 2,705,785 dated Apr. 5, 1955, and 2,952,831 dated Sept. 13, 1960, it being understood that reference thereto is merely exemplificative and not restrictive. However, pressure-lock terminals do not invariably provide an acceptable or even desirable electrical connection. </p>
<p> Frequently electrical devices of the character described which include electrical terminals are installed behind a wall surface and in such a case it may be a violation of an electrical code to employ a pressure-lock terminal connection. It also may be considered undesirable because a settling of a house might exert sufiicient pressure on such a connection to open it, in which event the bare core of the electrical wire would be exposed and be the possible cause of a hidden short circuit. Furthermore, under some conditions, it may be desirable in addition to connecting the wire system of a house to an electrical device, to make a further connection from such electrical device to a further electrical device, in other words, to eifect a junction between two wires at an electrical device. Pressure-lock terminals are not constructed for the admission of two wires, nor do they in their present form lend themselves readily to modification for this purpose. On the other hand, a screw type terminal provides an arrangement that can itself, or with suitable modifications, be employed to eifect a connection between two metal wire cores. Hence, there will be occasions when it is desirable to have a pressure-lock terminal available and other occasions when it would be useful to have an electrical screw terminal available. </p>
<p> The present conventional type of pressure-lock terminal does not lend itself to combination with a screw terminal. A pressure-lock terminal is characterized by the provision of a cantilever-mounted spring tongue having a tip arranged near, and at an angle to, a stationary anvil thereby provide a narrow gap into which the tip of the metal core of an electric conductor is thrust, the angle between the spring and the anvil on the side of the tongue at which the conductor is introduced being acute so that the conductor can easily cam its way into and through the gap but will be engaged by the tip of the tongue acting as a retrograde check or spur that digs into the wire conductor to prevent its accidental withdrawal. </p>
<p> It has been the practice in present-day pressure-lock terminals to make the cantilever tongue that is employed of light gauge spring stock inasmuch as the flexing action of the tongue must take place in cramped quarters and the tongue must not otter too much resistance to the introduction of a metal conductor. Thus, in a duplex electrical receptacle which is one popular site for pressurelock terminals the pressure-lock tongue has its tip adjacent the bridge that connects the two electrical contacts 3,325,768 Patented June 13, 1967 of the receptacle and the tongue is in one piece with such bridge so that it must experience an appreciable degree of angular movement for proper operation. Hence, it is particularly desirable that the tongue and bridge be of rather slight thickness in order to enable it to experience the requisite degree of flexing. </p>
<p> Due to the necessary lightness, that is to say, thin gauge of metal that must be used, to allow the tongue to flex under the foregoing circumstances, it has not been possible until now to combine a pressure-lock terminal with a screw terminal unless there additionally is employed a stitfening piece of metal, such for instance as a small steel plate, which is clamped or welded to the bridge between the contacts, which plate is sufficiently strong to be apertured and tapped for reception of the terminal screw. Although it is not structurally impractical to use the extra metal plate in order to accomplish the above described function, in a business where parts are made in extremely large quantities by mass production and where manufacturing costs are under retail pressure for low pricing, the addition of the extra plate and its attachment to the bridge is not looked upon with favor. </p>
<p> It is an object of the present invention to provide a combined pressure-lock and screw terminal which is not subject to the foregoing drawbacks. </p>
<p> It is another object of the invention to provide a combined pressure-lock and screw terminal in which the pressure-lock terminal and the means for threadably receiving the screw are unitary, i.e., of a single piece. </p>
<p> It is another object of the invention to provide a device of the character described constituting a combined unitary, that is to say, one piece, contact, pressure-lock terminal and support for a terminal screw. </p>
<p> It is another object of the invention to provide a device of the character described which is so designed that the pressure-lock terminal can be made of heavier stock than presently is employed so that the same stock can serve to provide a tapped opening for the reception of a terminal screw. </p>
<p> It is another object of the invention to provide a device of the character described which is so designed that the pressure-tongue is fashioned from what otherwise would be waste stock, so that the device can be made at a particularly low cost. In this latter connection it is observed that in a combined contact and pressure-lock terminal, such as heretofore has been conventional, the pressuretongue was formed from an additional width of stock which therefore gave rise to considerable waste, the recovery value of which was negligible since it had to be sold for reclaiming as scrap. On the other hand, pursuant to the present invention, where the pressure-tongue is arranged to be blanked out of what otherwise would be scrap, an appreciable savings is effected. </p>
<p> It is another object of the invention to provide a device of the character described in which, despite the consolidation of the pressure-lock with a screw terminal, said lock nevertheless is efiicient and elfective in operation and will provide an attachment to a wire connector that is at least as firm as that presently etfected by pressure-lock terminals of light gauge stock. </p>
<p> Other objects of the invention in part will be obvious and in part will be pointed out hereinafter. </p>
<p> The invention accordingly consists inthe features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the device hereinafter described and of which the scope of application will be indicated in the appended claims. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings in Which is shown one of the various possible embodiments of the invention, </p>
<p> FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a duplex receptacle employing combined contacts, pressure-lock terminals and screw terminals in accordance with the present inven- 3 tion, said receptacle having one lateral half of its top housing removed to show a part of the interior of the receptacle with the associated combined contacts and terminals; </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 22 of FIG. 1; </p>
<p> FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1 and illustrating the construction of the pressure-tongue, the cantilever-mounted base thereof and the anvil against which the pressure-tongue urges a bare metal conductor wire; </p>
<p> FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a combined unitary pair of contacts, pair of pressure-lock terminals, bridge and pair of mounts for terminal screws, a fragment of one of the mounts being broken away to expose for illustrative purposes the tip of one of the pressure-tongues; </p>
<p> FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a band of metal stock showing the outlines of successive blanks for devices of the present invention which will be cut out therefrom; and </p>
<p>FIG. 6 is a side view of the receptacle. </p>
<p> In general, the several objects of the present invention are achieved by making the pressure-lock and contact .components of the instant device from comparatively heavy electrically conductive sheet metal stock rather than the light stock that has been employed heretofore for pressure-lock terminals and contacts, such previous stock having been too light to conveniently provide a tapped bore for reception of a screw terminal. Particularly good results have been accomplished where the stock of the combined one-piece contacts and terminals constitutes extra hard brass approximately three one-hundredths of an inch in thickness. This is a rather stiif stock. It is much too heavy for use in a present-day pressure-lock terminal of standard construction where it would render the pressure-tongue too stiff to be flexed by introduction of a standard bare conductor wire. However, such heavy stiif brass stock is conventionally employed at the present time for electrical contacts that do not have unitary pressure-lock terminals, i.e., for electrical contacts in general and for electrical contacts that have screw type terminals. Thus, the stock is sufiiciently flexible, even though stiff, for use as an electrical contact component. The requisite additional flexibility, to wit: flexibility beyond that necessary for use as a contact, in order to employ this stock as a pressure-lock tongue, is obtained by spacing the cantilever-mounted base of the tongue a considerable distance from the anvil with which the tip of the tongue cooperates. Heretofore, as has been noted above, the anvil for the tongue conventionally has constituted the bridge which extended between a pair of contacts of a duplex receptacle. In accordance with the present invention, the anvil now constitutes a flange adjacent the contact which flange is spaced at the maximum practical distance from the cantilever-mounted base of the pressure-tongue. It has been found that within the dimensions prevailing in a duplex receptacle, such spacing imparts sufficient flexibility to the stiff brass stock to enable the pressure-tongue to function properly. </p>
<p> Referring now in detail to the drawings, the reference numeral 10 denotes a duplex bayonet plug receptacle which is a type of electrical device that can utilize the present invention to good advantage inasmuch as the housing of the device, save for its front face, is, in use, located behind a wall surface. Other electrical devices which also can efiicaciously employ the present invention are, by way of example, single and triple bayonet plug receptacles, screw base receptacles and wall switches. </p>
<p> The duplex receptacle 10 includes a housing -12 of;electrically non-conductive material, e.g., a thermo-setting plastic such as a phenol-formaldehyde condensation resin. The housing is composed of a top housing part 14 and a bottom housing part 16. These parts are molded to provide the usual conventional external shape and a suitable substantially conventional internal shape which is proper to receive and support the contacts and terminals. </p>
<p> In particular, the top housing part 14 is formed with the customary pairs of bayonet-passing slots 18, two pairs of these slots being included because the device is a duplex receptacle. Also present in the duplex receptacle herein illustrated, but not as a part of the invention, are a pair of grounding slots 20. Thus the receptacle is designed to receive a plug, not shown, having a pair of parallel bayonet power prongs of flat blade-like configuration and a third bayonet grounding prong which may be of circular cross-section or of a cross-section in the form of a rectangle with one arcuate side. </p>
<p> The top housing part 14 is molded to include a central longitudinal separator 22 and the bottom housing part to include a central longitudinal separator 24, said separators being interengaged internally of the receptacle to subdivide the interior of the housing into two longitudinal compartments 26. A portion of each compartment extends into the bottom of the top housing part and the remainder into the top of the bottom housing part. </p>
<p> The separators 22, 24 are relieved for lightness and economy and also to accommodate a mounting strap 28 and a grounding strap (not shown). The ends of the grounding strap include downwardly extending legs which form grounding contacts 30, each of which is located slightly inwardly of a different grounding slot 20 so as to be engaged by a grounding prong inserted into the some. The grounding strap is made of a thin resilient electrit ally conductive metal such as phospho-bronze. </p>
<p> The mounting strap is conventional and comprises plated iron sheet metal shaped to the usual form halving outwardly extending ends 32 configured for ready engagement to a structural element of a building or to a metal outlet box. The central portion of the mounting strap passes between the two separators 22, 24 and said strap .is held in place by a metal rivet 34 that extends through registered holes in the strap and the top and bottom housing parts. The same rivet also extends through the grounding strap which is in face-to face contact "with the under surf-ace of the mounting strap. </p>
<p> As is customary, the rivet is tapped for reception of a screw that is employed to hold the escuthceon plate for the receptacle. Therebya grounding connection is provided from the grounding contacts through the rivet and mounting strap 28 to the outlet box which, in accordance with standard practice, is grounded. </p>
<p> Located in each of the compartments 26, is a different contact-terminal device 36 embodying the present invention. Since these devices are identical only one will be described. </p>
<p> Each device incldes a body portion constituting two co-planar flat shanks 38 separated by a deep locating notch 49 which is adapted to engage a locating ridge 42, transversely disposed in and molded in one-piece with the bottom housing part 16 so as to insure proper lengthwise positioning of the contact-terminal device within the receptacle. The two shanks 28 are firmly tied together by a junction span 44 in the form of a flat nib which projects upwardly and outwardly away from the shanks 38 in order to clear the top housing part 14. The corners of the bottom edge of the nib are in one-piece with the adjacent upper inside corners of the shanks 38 and indeed all parts of the contact-terminal device are formed from a single piece of stock, this being the comparatively heavy electrically conductive extra-hard brass stock to which reference heretofore has been made. </p>
<p> The flat shanks 38 are of rectangular shape and are in lengthwise alignment. The two said shanks together with the junction span jointly form what will, upon occasion, hereinafter be referred to as a contact-bridge inasmuch as these three elements together constitute that part of the contact-terminal device which extends between, physically and electrically connects, and supports contacts at its ends. For reference purposes, the different edges of each flat shank will be designated as follows: 38:: the inner side edge, 38b the bottom edge, 38c the top edge and 3811 the outer side edge. </p>
<p> In said duplex receptacle, each of the side walls 45 of the bottom housing part is formed with a closely positioned pair of broad deep through notches 46, each of which extends down from an open mouth at the top edge of the wall. The notches are separated by the locating ridge 42. The flat shanks 33 are disposed adjacent the inner face of the side wall 45 and thus are exposed to a substantial extent through the notches 46. The inner edges 38a of the shanks rest against the side surfaces of the locating ridge. </p>
<p> The thus exposed portion of each shank 38 is centrally apertured to provide an opening 48. Desirably the openings are initially formed to a smaller than required diameter, as by punching, and then subsequently are enlarged by a drawing pin which raises a squat annular flange on the inner surface of the shank. The opening 48 and the associated flange are tapped to receive a terminal screw 50. Thus, there are two such terminal screws on each side of the duplex receptacle, each affiliated pair of screws being engaged to a different contact-terminal device and being connected to a different side of the electric line. These screws may be employed to make an electrical connection from the house wiring system to the contactbridges or they may be employed to effect an electrical connection between two house wires at the receptacle or they may be employed to effect an electrical connection from the receptacle to a house wire which supplies electrical energy to a different electrical device. It will be appreciated that in the foregoing manner a simple screw-terminal has been consolidated into the contact-terminal device 36. The screw-terminal is readily and easily accessible and does not interfere with either the contacts or the pressure-lock terminals soon to be described. </p>
<p> If desired, the tips of the screws 54) may be staked to prevent inadvertent withdrawal of the same from the tapped opening 48. </p>
<p> It will be observed (see FIG. 1) that the powerprong receiving slots 18 are spaced laterally inwardly from the side walls 45 of the bottom housing part. Since the effectively plane contact-bridge lies against the internal surface of the associated side wall of the receptacle and since the contact-bridge is in one-piece with the contacts, it is necessary to provide the contact-terminal device with laterally inwardly extending offset flange 52 at each end thereof, this being customary in the art, to align the contacts with the slots. Each flat shank 38 accordingly has an offset flange 52 formed in one-piece therewith at its outer side edge 38d. The flanges are perpendicular to the shanks and extend inwardly from the edges 33d, said flanges serving as intermediate conventional supports connecting the contact-bridge wit-h contacts 54 at opposite ends of the device. </p>
<p> The contacts 54 may be of any desired structure which is such as to locate contact elements in operable positions below the associated power-prong passing slots 18. Thus each contact may consist of only a single contact blade or, as shown, it may consist of a pair of opposed contact blades, the latter being more customary because it provides a more certain and higher physical pressure engagement between the contact and a power prong. The particular contact structure illustrated is desirable because it enables a minimum width of band to be employed for blanking of the devices 36 therefrom; accordingly, its construction will be detailed. </p>
<p> The contact 54 includes two opposed blades, to wit: an outer blade 56 and an inner blade 58 (see FIG. 4). Said blades have substantial portions thereof mutually coextensive and are located behind an affiliated slot 18 so that a power prong will be in line with the zone between the blades. The outer blade 56 is parallel to the nearby side wall of the receptacle. The inner blade 58 6 may likewise be parallel thereto but preferably, and as shown, is tilted at a slight angle to the outer blade so that the outermost edges of the blades touch one another as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, While the opposite edges of the blades are slightly spaced apart. The upper ends of the blades have angled lead-in tips 60 to cam an improperly introduced power prong into the zone between the blades. The outer blade 46 is connected by a right angled stub leg 62 to the edge of the offset flange 52. The inner blade 58 is connected by a longer acutely angled leg 64 to the edge of the offset flange. The two legs 62, 64 are respectively located at the upper and low regions of the inner edge of the offset flange, that is to say, the two legs are at different non-overlapping elevations on the contactterminal device. To increase the resiliency of the mounting of the inner blade 58, the leg 64 is longer than necessary to place the inner blade in juxtaposition to the outer blade and the additional length is formed into a bight 66. </p>
<p> The usual dimple 68 is indented into the outer surface of the outer blade so as to raise a corresponding locking protuberance 70 on the inner face of said blade. </p>
<p> To aid in inhibiting longitudinal shifting of the contactbridge, the two offset flanges 52 at the opposite ends of said bridge engage ribs 72, 73 formed internally of the bottom housing part 16. </p>
<p> As thus far described, it will be apparent that the contact-terminal device has the approximate shape of a very shallow U with out-turned tips at the ends of its legs. The base of the U constitutes the contact-bridge which is composed of the pair of shanks 38 joined by the span 44, the legs of the U constitute the offset flanges 52 and the out-turned tips at the ends of legs constitute the contact structure 54. The resemblance of the device to a shallow U is of importance in considering the arrangement now to be described for the construction of pressurelock terminals 74. </p>
<p> It already has been pointed out that a pressure-lock terminal essentially is composed of two elements, to wit: an anvil and a pressure-tongue. The anvil in the pressurelock terminal 74 is the offset flange 52. The pressuretongue is denoted by the reference numeral 76 and best can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. </p>
<p> The pressure-tongue is in the shape of an elongated narrow strip that is in one piece with the contact-terminal device and has a flat base 78 extending from that part of the bottom edge 38b of the affiliated flat shank 38 which is next to the inner edge 38a. Said base 78 is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the flat shank. Except for the base 78 the pressure'tongue is unconnected to the edge 38!) so that it is free to flex. The pressure-tongue includes an arched portion 8% extending over approximately and unitarily joined at one end to the base 78. Said arched portion extends downwards, away from the shank and then curls back toward the shank at its other end. From its said other end the arched portion tangentially runs into an intermediate reach 82 that lies at an angle of about 120 to the base 78 and crosses the bottom of the shank. The intermediate reach in turn supports a terminal reach 84 that lies at an angle of about to the base so that said reach makes an angle of approximately 45 to the anvil 52. </p>
<p> The tip of the terminal reach is close to the offset flange (anvil) 52, the spacing therebetween being less than the diameter of the smallest bare conductor wire that will be used to make a connection to the receptacle. Preferably, the corner of the tip which faces the anvil is substantially square in order thereby to obtain an efficient pressure-locking effect. </p>
<p> The zone between the tip of the terminal reach and the anvil is spaced about midway between the upper and lower edges 33c, 33!; of the shank and an opening 88 is formed in the bottom wall 86 of the bottom housing part 16 in registry with said zone to admit a bare conductor wire 90. As will be seen in FIG. 3, when said wire is thrust into the opening 88 it will be guided into the space he tween the terminal reach and the offset flange due to the angled inclination of the reach 84. The bare conductor wire will force the reach away from the anvil so as to permit the wire to be introduced into the zone between the anvil and the corner of the tip of the terminal reach. Once the bare conductor wire is emplaced, as shown in FIG. 3, any force tending to withdraw it will cause the pressure-tongue to dig into the wire so that the tongue acts on a retrograde checking pawl which prevents withdrawal of the wire. </p>
<p> An unlocking opening 92 is formed in the base wall 86 alongside the wire insertion opening 88 and in line with the intermediate reach 82 (see FIG. 3). When it is desired to release a Wire held by the pressure-lock terminal, the tip of a slender rigid instrument, such as a screw driver, is inserted into the opening 92 and pressed against the intermediate reach, causing the terminal reach to flex away from the anvil and thereby releasing the wire 90 caught thereunder. </p>
<p> It will be observed that because of the substantial space which conventionally is provided between the center of a contact-bridge and an offset flange, the length of a pressure-tongue that extends over said space in a non-linear fashion, is sufliciently great to permit the tongue to flexreadily when a bare conductor wire end is pressed against its terminus; this, despite the comparative heaviness and stiffness of the stock from which the contact-terminal device is fabricated and which are required for proper formation of a tapped opening to receive a threaded terminal screw. The non-linear configuration of the pressuretongue between its base and its tip, and to which reference just has been made, results from both the arched portion 80 which extends first downwardly from the base and then back up toward the tip of the tongue and the location of the tip of the tongue high on the offset flange, e.g., between /3 and /2 of the height of the flange from the bottom edge 38b. </p>
<p> In order to accommodate said arched downwardly protruding portion, the bottom wall 186 of the bottom housing part is locally depressed beneath said portion to include a well 94 shown in FIG. 3, one edge of the well constituting an edge of the unlocking opening 92. </p>
<p> The low point of the arched portion is disposed close to the bottom surface of the well 94 and, preferably, will engage the same when idle. However the full length of the tongue, from its base to its tip, will flex when a wire is introduced. </p>
<p> Attention is directed to the fact that the unique structure and mounting of the pressure-tongue which enables it to cooperate with the offset flange as a presure-lock has an additional advantage which is not apparent at first glance. This is that the pressure-tongue is constituted from that part of the original band stock which otherwise would be scrap, so that the pressure-lock tongue can be included in the device without increasing the width of band of sheet metal stock required, or the length along the stock for each device. To illustrate the foregoing, in FIG. 5 there is shown a short length of band stock with a series of successive contact-terminal devices laid out in the flat thereon. The parts of the blank have been numbered in the same fashion as the corresponding parts of the finished device except for the openings 96 which subsequently are enlarged and flanged to form the tapped openings 48. From inspection of FIG. 5 it will be seen that the leadin tips of the contact blades protrude above the top edges 380 of the flat shanks 38 and that the space between these tips which in part includes the junction span 44 and which otherwise would be waste, is occupied by the pressuretongues 74. </p>
<p> Also as seen in FIG. 5, the terminal reach 84 is somewhat narrower than the intermediate reach 82. Inasmuch as the intermediate reach is wider than the offset flange, the reduction in width matches the width of the terminal reach to that of the offset flange. </p>
<p> It thus will be seen that there is provided a device which achieves the several objects of this invention and which is well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use. </p>
<p> As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiment set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein described or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent: </p>
<p> 1. In a combined contact and pressure-lock terminal, a shank having a bottom edge and a side edge, said edges being at right angles to one another, a flange on said side edge for connection with and support of a contact, said flange extending inwardly at right angles to said shank and constituting an anvil of a pressure-lock terminal, said terminal further including a pressure-tongue cooperating with said anvil, said pressure-tongue including a base cantilever-connected to and extending inwardly from the bottom edge of the shank remotely from the said side edge and adjacent the opposite side edge, the entire length of said tongue, except the base, being free of the shank, the tip of said tongue being angled upwardly away from the bottom edge of the shankto terminate close to but spaced from the flange a distance therefrom less than the diameter of a bare conductor wire, said pressure-tongue including an intermediate section between the base of the tongue and the tip thereof, said intermediate section extending from the base of the tongue downwardly away from the bottom edge of the shank and then reversing to extend upwardly and cross the bottom edge of the shank, said shank, flange and pressure-tongue being formed of a single piece of heavy stiff electrically conductive sheet metal stock. </p>
<p> 2. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein the intermediate section includes an arched portion connected to the base and in excess of and less than 180 in length, said arched portion terminating at the end thereof remote from the base in an intermediate reach. </p>
<p> 3. A combination as set forth in claim 2 wherein the intermediate reach is a tangential extension of the arched portion. </p>
<p> 4. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein the base of the pressure-tongue is perpendicular to the shank. </p>
<p> 5. A combination as setforth in claim 4 wherein the base of the pressure-tongue is also perpendicular to the flange. </p>
<p> 6. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein the shank is rectangular. </p>
<p> 7. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein means is included to define a tapped opening in the shank for reception of a terminal screw. </p>
<p> 8. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein means is included to define a tapped opening in the shank and wherein a terminal screw is engaged in said opening. </p>
<p>References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1960 Ehrlich 339- 9/1961 Smith 339164 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2084640-A
|
US-2780935-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
21839905
| 1937-06-22
| 1935-06-21
| 1937-06-22
|
426/573.
|
A21D13/00
|
A21D13/20
|
HARVEY HALL IPHUS
|
Process of preparing custard filling
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>June 22, 1937. l. H. HALL 2,084,640 </p>
<p>PROCESS OF PREPARING CUSTARD FILLING Filed June 21, 1935' 5 l lqveryfor l. H. mm </p>
<p>PM June 22, 1931 UNITED STATES. </p>
<p>PATENT OFFICE-'7' rnocnss F PREPARING cusrm FILLING v Iphus Harvey Hall, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Application June 21, 1935, Serial No. 27,809 </p>
<p>4 Claims. </p>
<p> Before describing the ingredients and process of building up the compound, a general description of the defects found in custards, the difiiculties encountered in their making, and an analysis 5 of the causes leading up and relating thereto is in order, that a better understanding of the advantages to be derived from the use of the compound will be secured. </p>
<p>The baker is very often puzzled by characteristics or phenomena which presents themselves in a finished custard. Splendid results may be attained over a long period, and then suddenly, they will develope peculiar properties which are extremely annoying both from a satisfactory baking standpoint and the" fact that the delicatessen becomes almost, if not wholly, unsaleable. </p>
<p> Cracking of the custard ceiling or deep seams scarring across the face thereof is one of the most common annoyances. Sometimes the finlshed custard has a spongy texture indicating a separation of the colloidal structure into little pockets or cells. Apparently these cells are brought about by liquidwhich has collected in air pockets where they have been turned into vapor by the heat and then built up a tension on the surrounding walls. </p>
<p> .A third condition which very often arises in conjunction with the first is the so-called watering of custard, sometimes called weeping or wheying off. Water begins to appear close to the crust and fine crevices begin to form which are usually filled with water. Sometimes this weeping and separation in combination with the spongy texture of the custard structure produces a soaking of the crust and the wet appearance and soggy taste renders it edibly undesirable as a dessert. In many cases the custard shrinks after cooling leaving enlarged pores or tunnels above the crust giving a wasted away appearance 0 while the crust has a cheesy taste. With this type of custard, molds quickly develope necessitating early consumption to avoid loss. </p>
<p> Then there is the development of a heavy starchy layer which lies next to the crust and 5 over which a ver,-y fine but delicate custard structure is formed. This too, often makes its appearance without any warning, and as often disappears as unaccountable as it came. </p>
<p>Another source of annoyance is custard dis- 50 coloration. Custard, as every baker knows, should have a very attractive yellow color due to the eggs used in its manufacture. This color sometimes takes on a greenish caste while the fiavor is invariably bitter. </p>
<p> 5 The above undesirable qualities in finished custards are the result of (1st) the amount of sugar employed, (2nd), too much agitation in the stirring of the milk, cggsand other ingredients at the time of preparation, (3rd), improper length of time or temperature in cooking, (4th), it may 5 be caused by organisms which have become engendered in the custard filling directly after baking, or (5th), using corn starch as a thickening agent. v </p>
<p> A change in the quantity of sugar used brings 10 about a change in the specific gravity of the prepared filling or in other words, as the amount of sugar is decreased in the filling, the density of the solution becomes lower. The result is that a lower temperature will boil the filling. At a given cooking temperature with insufficient sugar, the filling would become cooked or set before the upper surface becomes caramelized and a continuation of the heat to color the surface will cause the filling to boil and destroy the structure of the custard due to the emitting vapor. </p>
<p> From the above, it will be apparent that the ideal quantity of sugar would be; when a given temperature will cook or set the filling at the same time the upper surface becomes caramelized. The exactitude of the amount can be appreciated. </p>
<p> Sugar also plays an important part in the amount of sweetness of the finished custard and the texture of the filling. The more sugar, the smoother and softer the texture. An extreme shortage of sugar will produce a cheesy taste which quickly forms molds. </p>
<p> With the above information, the troubles of the baker can be appreciated when it is noted that he must provide a filling which will set'at the same time that .the upper surface caramelizes, secure the proper amount of sweetness and the right texture when all four are controlled by the amount of sugar with a slight variation in 40 the temperature and length of time in the cooking. </p>
<p> Due to the heavy viscosity of the liquid, forming the filling, too much agitation in the preparation thereof causes air bubbles to be formed or whipped therein. The quantity of air that it will retain depends upon the physical properties of the filling. </p>
<p>As the custard remains in the oven, it absorbs heat, causing its temperature to go up. It finally reaches a point where the filling becomes a gel. When this state is reached, the viscous character of the filling will resist the tension produced by the vapor, which forms during baking, and the result will be a spongy structure. If the custard'is permitted toremain in the oven after it has set, or after the ,gel has been formed, </p>
<p>it finally reaches a temperature at which vapor is generated within its structure. The vapor of it collects at different places, it causes the gel to break. The cracking or breaking down of the custard ceiling, the honeycomb structure of the filling and the weeping or wheying ofi previously mentioned is attributed to this cause. </p>
<p> The fourth difficulty encountered in custards relates to the effect of the hydrogen ion concentration on the baking characteristics of the custard or in other words when the pH value of the filling varies from the acid side to the alkaline. </p>
<p> The baker has very little trouble with acid milk or milk that has been neutralized to overcome the natural acidity developed when milk is permitted to stand. This is because developments have taken place in the preservation of milk by drying and condensing. However, in some 10- calities, this type of milk is not known or cannot be secured and troubles are accordingly experienced. </p>
<p> If the milk has developed an appreciable degree of acidity, it will lose its color producing property and even the ability to form the desired structure in the finished product, not alone because of the sugar that has been consumed by the acid forming organisms, but because of the acidity itself and its effect upon the protein phase of the milk. </p>
<p> It has always been assumed that the lack of color on the surface of custard, when the milk is acid, is due to depreciation of the sugar of milk, (lactose), which is consumed by the acid producing bacteria. If a quantity of lactic acid, equal to that developed by the organism, is added toa neutral filling, the same results are obtained even though the full amount of sugar is present in the mixture. </p>
<p> When a custard, having an acid reaction, is baked, the time taken before the filling gels varies from 50% to more than 100% longer than neutral filling. The body shrinks decidedly, the structure itself is quite porous due to the long cooking while the upper surface retains a very light color. When cooked, it has some of the properties of baked cheese cake, in that the top looks exactly like the cottage cheese cakes with which every baker is familiar. The taste would be similar to cheese if the sugar ingredient were not so high. Those having an alkaline reaction take-from 25% to 75% longer to gel than neutral filling. A filling having a heavy alkaline reaction rises to a nice large volume but is very spongy in character. It will have a very .dark deep yellow color verging on brown with a suggestion of green and gives the appearance of a very rich confection. The interior structure however is of an almost transparent consistency. When the filling is only slightly alkaline the structure closely resembles the natural neutralized composition but even this is inclined to separate. </p>
<p> To produce the normal creamy custard, care must be taken to insure that the milk is of a neutral consistency. The careful consideration which must be given to each of the above items to secure perfect results is far too exacting but the results caused by the slightest neglect has been the despair of bakers and housewives for years. </p>
<p>Frequently, corn starch is used as an ingredient in the custard formulae, as a thickening agent, to partially overcome some of the attendant dimculties, but the results are far from satisfactory. There is a conspicuous corn starch flavor, a toughening of the custard body to a rubbery consistency, unlike, the jelly characteristic of the true confection, and sometimes the corn starch precipitates a distinct layer at the bottom of the custard which shows up in direct contrast with the light creamy upper portion. This spoils the appearance and does not improve its edibility. </p>
<p> From the above generalization of the difiiculties encountered, a fair idea of the problems confronting the baker can be realized. </p>
<p> The principal object of the present invention is to provide a compound which the baker can dissolve in hot milk and sugar to form a quick custard filling, ready for the oven, and which will not require the precise baking conditions mentioned in order to secure satisfactory results. </p>
<p> A further object of the invention is to provide ingredients in the compound to correct the cracking, weeping, and honeycomb effects and at the same time neutralize the mixture to prevent acidity and its resulting difficulties. </p>
<p> A further object of the invention is to secure the above results, without the use of cornstarch or other vegetable ingredients which create precipitated heavy layers, and provide a uniform appetizing consistency completely through the structure with the true delicious custard fiavor. </p>
<p>A still further object of the invention is to provide a compound which, when mixed and baked. </p>
<p>as later described will have all the natural characteristics of the true custard as mentioned and none of the defects usually encountered, without requiring any speciaLexperienceon the part of the baker and free of useless substitutions or adulterations. </p>
<p> With the above important objects in view which will become more apparent as the description proceeds, the invention consists essentially, in the compounding of the ingredients hereinafter, more particularly described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein the process is shown in a diagrammatic form in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> A kettle or boiling caldron is indicated by the numeral I and the walls thereof are jacketed at 2 to receive steam through a pair of steam pipes 2. A series of six hoppers 3 are located above the kettle and are connected by pipes 4 to the interior thereof and controlled by valves 5. An agitating or mixing paddle 6'is located in the kettle and operated by an exterior motor 1 while a drain pipe 8 having a valve 9 passes out the bottom of the kettle to enter the top of a cooling tank Ill. </p>
<p> This cooling tank is similarly jacketed to receive cooling or refrigerating pipes ll while a hopper I2 is supported thereabove and provided with a delivery pipe [3 leading therein and controlled by a valve M. The bottom of the tank is provided with a drain pipe l5 controlled by a valve Hi. </p>
<p> This latter drain pipe enters the top of a mixing machine I! and delivers into a rotatably mounted cylindrical screen drum I8 operated by the exterior motor I9. The casing of the mixer is of an inverted cup shape, encircles the drum and the lower edge is provided with a trough 2B which underlies the cylindrical screen and delivers into a downwardly projecting pipe 2| to a suitable pail 22. </p>
<p>- one of the following ingredients and. in the amounts specified or in an equivalent ratio in respect to each other, viz, </p>
<p>1 lbs. of cane sugar 1 lbs. of milk 3 oz. of salt Sufllcient bicarbonate of sodato neutralize acid formation in the solution. </p>
<p>4 oz. of animal gelatine 4 oz. of glycerine and the hopper I2 will receive 5 lbs. of egg meat (either yoke or whole) The above amounts refer to one correct formula only of the product. The amounts may be varied considerably if desired. </p>
<p> In preparing the mixture, the valves controlling the sugar and milk are first opened to permit these ingredients to drop into the kettle where the sugar dissolves into the milk which is heated to a boiling point (above 200 F.). The valves controlling the salt and bicarbonate of soda are then opened to permit these ingredients to fall and co-mingle with the heated sweetened milk and in so doing, the bicarbonate of soda changes the solution from an acid (if any) to a solution having a slight alkaline reaction. The valves controlling the gelatine and glycerine are then opened to permit these ingredients to mix with the solution, which it will be noted is still at the boiling temperature. The two will be dissolved therein, the motor I will be started and the paddle 6 which will be operating insure a complete co-mingling of the ingredients one with the other. At this phase of the process, the natural acidity of the gelatine will be suilicient to correct the slight alkalinity of the previous solution and neutralize the whole. </p>
<p> The valve 8 is then opened and the solution passes into the cooling tank [0 where the temperature is reduced to blood heat (85 to 95 F.). When this occurs, the valve I4 is opened to release the egg meat from the hopper l2 to complete the ingredients in the compound. The valve I6 is then opened and the partially mixed solution passesinto the mixing machine II where the revolving drum l8 forces it through the screen under the action of centrifugal force to complete the mix and produce a homogenized compound which passes along the trough 20, out the pipe 2| and into the pail 22 where it congeals when cooled due to the gelatine nature of the composition. </p>
<p> It is desirable, during the last mentioned mixing process, that the temperature remain at blood heat (85 to 95 F.) in order that the solution will not gel before the homogenizing is completed. I </p>
<p> The solution or compound is then placed in a refrigerator and frozen and remains there until sold to the bakers, who dissolve it in boiling milk and sugar to create a quick custard filling. </p>
<p> With the use of this type of filling, a considerable variation, both in temperature and time of cooking, may be permitted without seriously endangering the structure of the custard. This is due to the congealing influence of the gelatine which is so intimately associated with the watery element of the combination that the said water becomes viscous and is prevented free movement to collect. Accordingly, the cracking, weeping or wheying off does not result. The </p>
<p>spongy texture is also prevented and as the majority of the water cannot pass off in steam, no breaking down of the structure results if the heat remains on a little too long. As no starch is used, the heavy starchy layer is avoided and as the solution is neutralized, a perfect custard color or caramelization results on the upper surface at the same time the filling gels.- The glycerine is included in the formula to give a smooth soft texture to the custard structure but while this ingredient is highly desirable, it is not an essential part of the compound. As previously mentioned, the bicarbonate of soda neutralizes the acid characteristic of both the milk and gelatine and insures, not only a delicious appetizing delicatessen, but the taste or edibility of the confection is all that could be desired. </p>
<p>What I claim as my invention is: </p>
<p> 1. The process of preparing custard filling which comprises dissolving sugar into milk at boiling temperature, adding an alkaline ingredient to produce a basic mixture, neutralizing the mixture by the addition of gelatine, cooling the solution to approximately blood heat, adding egg meats and subsequently disintegrating the resultant to a homogenized compound. </p>
<p> 2. The process of preparing custard filling which consists in alkalizing the milk ingredient thereof, adding animal gelatine at boiling temperature until the milk is neutralized, cooling the solution and adding egg meats at approximately blood heat and disintegrating the resultant to a homogenized compound. </p>
<p> 3. The process of preparing custard filling which consists in dissolving sugar into hot milk, adding an alkaline ingredient to produce a basic mixture, neutralizing the mixture by the addition of gelatine, cooling the solution to approximately blood heat, adding egg meats and disintegrating the resultant by a forcible impact disturbance to a homogenized compound. </p>
<p> 4. The process of preparing custard filling which consists in dissolving sugar into hot milk, adding bicarbonate of soda to produce a basic mixture, neutralizing the mixture by the addition of gelatine, cooling the solution to approximately blood heat, adding egg meats and disintegrating the resultant to a homogenized compound. </p>
<p>IPHUS HARVEY HALL. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-209811-A
|
US-209811D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2279218
| 1878-11-12
| null | 1878-11-12
|
164/247.
| null |
B22C7/005
| null |
Improvement in patterns for casting stove-leg attachments
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> H. H. HUNTLEY. Pattern for Casting Stove-Leg Att'achme nt. </p>
<p>No. 209.811. Patented-Nov. 12.1878. </p>
<p> A r P WITNESSES w lNVENTOR ATTORNEY N.PETERS, PNOTO LITHOGHAFHER WASHINGION. D10 I UNITED STATES PATENT Genres HOSEA H. HUNTLEY,-OF QUINCY, ILLINOIS. </p>
<p>IMPROVEMENT IN PATTERNS FOR CASTING STOVE-LEG ATTACHMENTS. </p>
<p>Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 209,811, dated November 12, 1878; application filed March 2, 1878. 1 </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern:- </p>
<p> Be it known that I, Hosnn ll. HUNTLEY, of Quincy, in the county of Adams and State of Illinois, have invented anewand valuable Improvement in Patterns for Oastin g Stove-Leg Attachments; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings,making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon. </p>
<p> Figure 1 represents a sectional view of a stove-leg as it is applied to the attachmentlug. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the pattern of the attachment-lug in the drag. Fig. 3is a sectional view of the drag, showing the curved branch of the pattern partially detached. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the curved branch of the pattern. </p>
<p> This invention has relation to means for casting attachment-1n gs for stovclegs, evaporating-pans, sugar-boilers, and the like. </p>
<p> The nature of the invention consists in the construction and novel arrangement of a pattern for casting attachment-lugs for the legs of stoves and other heavy articles, said pattern having an upright lng branch and a separate detachable curved branch, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth. </p>
<p> In the annexed drawings, the letter A designates the bottom of a stove; B, the horizontal'arm of the stove-leg; (J, the eye-lug upon the stove-bottom, and D the key which confines the leg to the stove. The eye-lug (l is triangular in its general form, and consists of an upright pyramidal part, a, and a curved portion, b, diminishing in size from its connection with the plate A to its point of union with the upright portion. The curved surfaces of the portion 1) are regular arcs of circlcs, as'shown in Fig. 3.- </p>
<p> The pattern E, from which the bottom plate having the attachment-lug is cast, is formed in two parts. </p>
<p> The upright wedge-form projection to, which serves to prepare 'the mold for the east branch or of the lug O, is made entire with the plate portion A of the pattern, and is provided at its lower end with, an attachment notch or scat, e. </p>
<p> The curved branch I) of the pattern, which forms that portion of the mold in which the curved branch I) of the lug is cast, is detachable and of a circular or arc-shaped tapering form. Its lower end is formed with a projection, is, which engages with the notch e of the projection a. of the pattern; and its upper end is provided with a stud, s, which passes through an aperture, t, in the plate portion A of the l'iattern. </p>
<p> The two portions of the pattern being put together in the manner indicated, it is sunk in the sand of the drag in the usual manner to form the mold for the plate and lug. After the sand has been packed the plate portion A of the pattern is detached upward, leaving the curved branch I), which is afterward removed by a curved motion, the projection 8 serving as a handle. </p>
<p> Upon the plate portion of the pattern a smaller projection, 12, is formed in rear of the aperture t. hen the curved branch of the pattern has been removed the mold is ready. Molten metal is then, poured in, and the eyelug and stove-bottom cast in one piece. </p>
<p> In line with the lug is an angular catch, t, cast in the mold formed by the small lug v of the pattern, the function of which will be here inafter explained. </p>
<p> The under side of the horizontal arm B of the leg is made with a dished recess, a, at the bottom of which is a slot, 2, of suflicient size to receive the eye-lug; and it is provided with an angular recess, r, designed to receive the catch it upon the stove-plate A. This arm or plate is cast with the leg complete, and upon coming from the mold is ready for use. </p>
<p> The dish upon the under side of the leg branch or rm B greatly facilitates the attaehment of the leg to the stove, as it directs the eye-lug accurately to the opening of the slot 17. The bottom of the stove not being visible, this construction of the leg-bran ch or arm saves considerable time and labor. The leg being in position on the stove-bottom a triangular key, D, of the same conformation as the eye of lug G, is forced into the said eye, and offectually secures the leg to the stove. </p>
<p> It is evident that this device is applicable to evaporating-pans, sugar-boilers, and other metal vessels, and is of equal advantage. </p>
<p>What I claim as new, and desire to secure by hereunto subscribed my name in the presence Letters Patent, isi of two witnesses. </p>
<p> The pattern for casting attachment-lugs, HOSEA H HUNTLEY consisting of the main portion having the upright branch a, and the separate detachable Witnesses: 7 curved branch I)". substantially as specified. 1H K. RODOLF, </p>
<p>In testimony that 1 claim the above I have J. A. SYLVESTER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3160986-A
|
US-6334660-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22048577
| 1964-12-15
| 1960-10-18
| 1964-12-15
|
47/56.
|
A01G1/00
|
A01G20/00
|
WATSON JAMES R
|
Seed planting method and apparatus for its practice
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM57804731" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="1">
<claim-text>1. A METHOD FOR PLANTING AND GERMINATING SEEDS AND FOR PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS THEREFROM WHICH CONSISTS IN PROVIDING AN IMPERFORATE HIGHLY FLEXIBLE SINGLE PLY, SHEET OF RELATIVELY THIN, TRANSLUCENT, WATER-INSOLUBLE AND SUBSTANTIALLY MOISTURE-PROOF MATERIAL WHICH TRANSMITS AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE SUN''S RAYS, ATTACHING A MULTIPLICITY OF SEEDS TO ONE SURFACE OF SAID SHEET, THROUGH USE OF A WATER-SOLUBLE ADHESIVE, THEN PLACING SAID SEED-ATTACHED SHEET DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE OF A PREPARED SEED BED CONTAINING MOISTURE WITH SAID ONE SURFACE FACING SAID SEED BED, AND WITH THE OPPOSITE SURFACE OF SAID SHEET UNCOVERED AND EXPOSED TO THE SUN''S RAYS,</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
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en
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<div>
<p> 1964 J. R. WATSON ETAL 3,160,935 </p>
<p>SEED PLANTING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ITS PRACTICE Filed Oct. 18. 1960 Fig 4 INVENTOR. JAMES .WATSON DAVID M.L\\.LY </p>
<p>United States Patent SEED PLANTING METHQD AND APPARATUS FUR HS PRACTICE James R. Watson, Minneapolis, David M. Liily, St. Paul, and Eimer S. Conover, Minneapolis, Minn, assignors to Torn Manufacturing Corporation, Minneapoiis, Minn, a corporation of Minnesota Filed Oct. 18, 1960, Ser. No. 63,346 4 Ciaims. (Cl. 47-56) This invention pertains in general to the growth of plants from seed, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for growing grass from seed. </p>
<p> The growing of grass from seed has proven to be very troublesome, particularly for the inexperienced person. The conventional planting method has been to distribute seed, according to some predetermined pattern, over soil that has been raked smooth after tilling, rake the seed in, firm the seeded soil with a roller, and then water regularly until the seed germinates and the grass plant begins to grow. The resultant germination conditions are often very poor, with the soil either being too dry or too wet most of the time, and even when great eitort is made to keep the ground evenly moist at all times, the percentage of growth from viable seed is very low, averaging approximately 50% The person doing the planting tries to overcome this low growth percentage by scattering an excessive amount of seed in a given area, with a resultant increase in cost. </p>
<p> Unsuccessful efforts have been made to overcome these problems. Several companies have marketed seed carriers of one type or another primarily of the type wherein commercial seed is evenly distributed in or upon a porous sheet material, and this is spread upon prepared ground. The problem of using an excessive quantity of seed is solved by being able to control the distribution of the seed on the carrier. However, these carriers are porous, and tend to dry out as an unprotected seed bed unless regularly watered, and they fail to trap moisture that has evaporated from the soil. Thus, these devices have produced no significant increase in the germination percentage. Furthermore, the seed carrier must be regularly watered to prevent the seed from drying out, and this continues to be one of the most troublesome problems in the growth of grass from seed. </p>
<p> Another problems that continues to be very troublesome is the susceptibility of seed to mechanical damage and erosion. When conventional seeding methods are used, in intense rain storm will wash or erode the seeded area leaving the seed bed in generally poor condition, often with deep gullies. This results in large bare areas, and isolated areas of seed concentration, rather than the desired even distribution of seed over the entire area. Furthermore, birds are prone to eat-the exposed seed, while children and pets scatter it around. </p>
<p> Thus, in spite of extensive elforts to simplify and opti mize the art of growing grass or other plants from seed, little progress has been made. Our invention discloses a method of growing plants from seed, whereby moisture evaporating from the surface of the ground is utilized to maintain almost ideal germination conditions throughout the period of germination, resulting in an appreciably higher percentage of germination of the viable seed, while maintaining positive protection against mechanical damage and erosion, and eliminating the need to water or otherwise care for the seed throughout the germination and initial growing periods. </p>
<p> Thus, it is a primary object of our invention to provide an improved method for growing plants from seed, providing mechanical protection for the seed bed and eliminating the need for watering or other care. </p>
<p> 3,16%,936 Patented Dec. 15, 1964- ice Another object of our invention is to provide an improved seed carrier for practicing this method, which is effective to utilize moisture evaporating from the earth and provide improved germination conditions for the seed. </p>
<p> These and other objects of our invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred form thereof, and the single sheet of drawings illustrating the form, in which: </p>
<p> FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of our seed carrier being rolled over the ground, </p>
<p> FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional enlarged view of a portion of the seed carrier, and </p>
<p> FIGURES 3 and 4 are cross sectional views of a portion of the seed carrier lying adjacent to the ground, shortly after being placed on the ground, and after firming the soil, respectively. </p>
<p> In FIGURE 1, we have shown our improved seed carrier being rolled onto the ground. Two overlapping strips 10 and 11., are shown already on the ground, and held in place by means such as staples 12. Pegs, stones, strips of wood, nails, earth, a pressure-sensitive or other adhesive along one edge of the seed carrier, or any number or" other fasteners could be used. A third strip 13 is being rolled otf from roll 15 onto the prepared ground 14, a </p>
<p>the ground, as is seen on upturned corner 16. </p>
<p> The seed carrier can be best described with reference to FIGURE 2. The sheet material 20 is selected so as to be essentially moisture proof, and good success has been realized using a polythylene film, ranging in thickness from 1 to 6 mils. It should be understood that numerous other materials such as polyester films and properly treated paper could be successfully used with this process although in each case it is necessary that they be water insoluble as in the case of the polyethylene film. </p>
<p> We have found that the color of the film is very important to the complete germination of the seed, and to the growth of the plants after germination has occurred. When a clear material is used, exposing the seed to all of the suns rays, germination is incomplete. However, by using a colored translucent material, total transmission of light therethrough is appreciably reduced throughout the total light spectrum, thereby causing a corresponding reduction in the total light energy beneath the material, resulting in an environment that is excellent for germination and growth. We have found that a translucent material either milky white, red, orange or yellow in color produces very satisfactory results. </p>
<p> The seed 22 is secured to the film 20 by means of water soluble adhesive 21, such as polyvinyl alcohol. This adhesive is preferably placed on the film in a very thin coat, and the seed 22 is then evenly distributed thereover by means of a suitable seed spreading device. When the adhesive dries, the seed carrier is ready for use and can be rolled or otherwise handled without disturbing the seed distribution. It should be understood that any water soluble substance can be used that is capable of holding the seed to the film, and in some instances, the adhesive may be applied after distributing the seed, or perhaps both before and after or co-currently, depending upon the effectiveness of the adhesive and processing equipment. </p>
<p> In order to cause'sturdy and healthy plant growth, it may be desirable to use a combination of fungicides, fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, and growth hormones during the manufacture of our product. This can be accomplished by using pie-treated seed, by using the adhesive as a vehicle for such materials, or by distributing such materials on the film with the seed to be held in place by the adhesive. </p>
<p> The process of using our seed carrier includes the steps of (l) preparing the soil, which usually includes tilling, raking and watering, and (2) placing the seed carrier, seed side down, over the prepared surface, being careful to overlap the strips similar to shingles up a hill, or lengthwise down a hill, to prevent water from flowing under the film and onto the ground causing erosion. Moisture in the ground moves upward by capillarity and evaporates at the surface, and then being unable to pass through the moisture proof film condenses on the film, and dissolves the adhesive, permitting the seed to fall. When sufficient moisture has condensed to break surface tension, the water falls to the ground, and a surfactant has been found helpful in this respect. </p>
<p> After the plants begin to grow, this evaporation-condensation effect is enhanced by the transpiration process. As a result, we have found that the soil below the seed carrier stays moist at all times, even when adjacent uncovered soil becomes hard and dry due to lack of rain or other moisture. The resultant highly humid condition causes the adhesive 21 to dissolve, and the seed to fall onto the moist ground as is shown in FIGURE 3, wherein some of the seed 22 is still held on the film 29 by remaining portions of adhesive 21, some is shown falling, and some is shown on the ground 14. It should be noted that any fungicides, etc., that had been used would be released onto the soil at this time, to enhance and protect the plant growth. Although a space is shown between film 2G and the surface of the ground, primarily for clarity in the illustration, it should be understood that the film is laid directly on the ground, and would ordinariiy be in direct contact with at least the high spots on the ground. </p>
<p> At this point in the process, as an additional optional step, we have found it sometimes desirable to press the seed into the soil, by moving a heavy object such as a roller over the surface of the film after the seed has dropped off. This causes the seed to be pressed into the soil, and slightly firms the soil, thereby tending to improve the rooting process of the plant. This step is not essential to the process, but under certain conditions or on certain types of seed beds, it aids plant establishment. The result of this step is shown in FIGURE 4, where the seed is pressed into the soil 14. In FIGURE 4, we have also illustrated moisture 43 collecting on the underside of the film 42, and water vapor 41 in the space between the soil 14 and the film 42. </p>
<p> When growing any plant from seed, it is necessary to provide an environment that contains the necessary ingredients to maintain a physiological balance. That is, there must be sufficient oxygen in the air to permit germination of the seed, and to maintain the respiration process; and there must be sufiicient carbon dioxide in the air, either from the deterioration of organic matter in the soil or otherwise, to permit the photosynthetic process that occurs after leaves emerge on the plant. In this regard, it should be noted that a gaseous exchange takes place through polyethylene, even though it is very nearly a barrier to moisture and water vapor. Thus, to the extent that there is not a physiological balance beneath the film, a gaseous transfer can occur either through the film or under the edges thereof. </p>
<p> After the seed has germinated, and the plants are growing, the moisture proof film can be conveniently rolled up and either destroyed or used for some other purpose. There is no need to hurry the removal of this film, particularly when suitable fungicides and insecticides have been used, ecause it continues to provide a favorable environment for grass growth. Furthermore, it continues to act as a positive mulch, protecting the. seed and seed bed from rain, erosion, frost, and other mechanical damage. However, after the plants have formed a sufficiently strong root system to withstand exposure to the local prevailing environmental conditions, such as soil condition, terrain, climate, and weather, the film 2.- would ordinarily be removed. If our invention has been used late in the fall, it may be desirable to leave the film on the planted area to reduce the possibility of desiccation or winter-kill during the winter months. It should be noted that by using our process, plants can be started from seed over a greater span of time, both earlier and later than in the case of open seeding, and even at times when there is relatively little rainfall or other moisture. It can also be started in cold climates in the spring, even before the frost is out of the ground, and is effective to speed thawing of the ground. When thawing begins, a moist environment is created, the seed will fall off the film and germinate, and this would normally occur several weeks before the uncovered grass begins to grow in the immediate area, thereby providing satisfactory plant growth under the film even before conventional planting can be started. </p>
<p> What has been described is considered to be the preferred embodiment of our invention, but it is apparent that numerous modifications thereof are possible. Therefore, we do not wish to be limited to the form shown except as indicated by the following claims. </p>
<p> What is claimed is: l. A method for planting and germinating seeds and for promoting the development of seedlings therefrom which consists in providing an imperforate highly flexible single ply, sheet of relatively thin, translucent, water-insoluble and substantially moisture-proof material which transmits at least a portion of the suns rays, </p>
<p>attaching a multiplicity of seeds to one surface of said sheet, through use of a Water-soluble adhesive, </p>
<p>then placing said seed-attached sheet directly on the surface of a prepared seed bed containing moisture with said one surface facing said seed bed, and with the opposite surface of said sheet uncovered and exposed to the suns rays, </p>
<p>said sheet being effective to cause moisture which evaporates from said seed bed to condense and create a generally uniform wetness upon said one surface and thereby gradually dissolve said adhesive and cause said seeds to be released and fall upon said seed bed, </p>
<p>continuing to so expose said sheet in such relation until the seedlings have sufficiently developed beneath said sheet to withstand exposure to the prevailing environmental conditions, </p>
<p>and then removing said sheet from said seed bed. </p>
<p> 2. A method for planting and germinating seeds and for promoting the development of seedlings therefrom which consists in: </p>
<p>providing an imperforate highly flexible single ply sheet of relatively thin, translucent, water-insoluble and substantially moisture-proof material which transmits at least a portion of the suns rays, attaching a multiplicity of seeds to one surface of said sheet, through use of a water-soluble adhesive, rolling said seed-laden sheet into a compact cylindrical mass, </p>
<p>then unrolling said rolled sheet directly upon the surface of a prepared seed bed containing moisture with said one surfacefacing said seed bed, and with the opposite surface of said sheet uncovered and exposed to the suns rays, </p>
<p>said sheet being effective to cause moisture which evaporates rom said seed bed to condense and create a generally uniform wetness upon said one surface and thereby gradually dissolve said adhesive and cause said seeds to be released and fall upon said seed bed, </p>
<p>continuing to so expose said sheet in such relation until the seedlings have sufficiently developed beneath said sheet to Withstand exposure to the prevailing environmental conditions, </p>
<p>and then removing said sheet from said seed bed. </p>
<p>' 3. An improved method for germinating seed and promoting development of the seedling therefrom, comprising the steps of: </p>
<p>attaching seed through use of a water-soluble substance on one side of an imperforate relatively thin, highly flexible translucent, Water-insoluble, and substantially moisture-proof single ply sheet of material capable of passing at least a portion of the suns rays, </p>
<p>placing said seed-laden material directly on the surface of a seed bed containing moisture with said one side facing said seed bed, </p>
<p>said substance being dissolved so to cause said seed to fall onto said seed bed, germinate, and grow, under the influence of the energy from the portion of the suns rays passed by said material and the moisture evaporating from said seed bed, which combine to create a generally uniform wetness upon said one side whereby to dissolve said water-soluble substance and \cause said seed to be released and fall upon said seed bed and to thereby create a favorable germination and growth condition between said seed bed and said material, </p>
<p>and removing said material from said seed bed after the seedlings have become established to withstand exposure to the prevailing environmental conditions. </p>
<p> 4. A device for planting and germinating seeds and for promoting the development of seedlings therefrom consisting of: </p>
<p>an elongate single ply, thin imperforate, substantially moisture-proof, water-insoluble, translucent 'highly flexible sheet to be laid directly upon the surface of a seed bed containing moisture, </p>
<p>a multiplicity of seeds adhered by a water-soluble adhesive substance to the surface of said sheet which is to lie upon said seed bed, said seeds being capable of falling directly unto the seed bed when released from said sheet, the other surface of said sheet being exposed to direct action thereon by the suns rays when said seed supporting side lies upon a seed bed. </p>
<p>References @Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,930,939 10/ 33 Homer 479 1,971,504 8/34 Pratt 4756 2,192,939 3/40 Slay-ter 47--56 X 2,281,927 5/42 Fischer 4756 2,648,165 8/53 Nestor 4756 2,876,588 3/59 Tietz 4756 X 2,893,168 7/59 Kobs. 7 3,080,681 '3/63 Merrill 47--56 FOREIGN PATENTS 74,703 9/ 18 Austria. </p>
<p>191,127 10/07 Germany. </p>
<p>699,028 10/ 5 3 Great Britain. </p>
<p>552,448 12/56 Italy. </p>
<p>OTHER REFERENCES Modern Plastics (Magazine) article: Film on the Farm, in vol. 34, No. 1, pages 112-116 and 233-238, September 1956, TP 986, Al-M6. </p>
<p> Monsanto, Booklet How To Use Polyethylene Film on Your Farm, published 1958 by Monsanto Chemical Co., Plastics Division, Springfield, Mass, page 15. </p>
<p>T. GRAHAM CRAVER, Primary Examiner. </p>
<p>A. JOSEPH GOLDBERG, ARNOLD RUEGG, </p>
<p>Examiners. </p>
</div>
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en
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US-1903622-A
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US-49846730-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23981216
| 1933-04-11
| 1930-11-26
| 1933-04-11
|
264/197.
|
B29C71/00
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B29C71/00
|
HENDERSON WILLIAM F
|
Method of producing cellulose articles
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>r. neon, or cirrcaco, rumors, </p>
<p>Parser OFFER 210], OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A. CORPORATION OF VIRGINIA. </p>
<p>amrnon or rsonuomc cnnm 1 {0 as; ABE! f." </p>
<p>Application fllcfl November 1980. fierial flo. 498,487. </p>
<p> The invention relates to apparatus for producing articles from cellulose and more an ticularly to apparatus for producing cell ose tubes or sausage c s. </p>
<p> In the preferred em odiment of the invention, the cellulose tub is preferably formed from viscose which is obtained by practicing the method briefly described in U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,612,508, granted 1% December 28 1926, to William F. Henderson and Harold Dietrich. The viscose is extruded through an annular orifice and is subjected to one or more solutions so that it again becomes cellulose or cellulose hydrate. </p>
<p>e tubing is then washed in water and sub-' sequently treated with a hygroscopic agent, such as glycerine, to prevent it from drying to such an extent that it willcrack. </p>
<p> e present invention relates particularly to improved apparatus for and an improved method of was in the tubing after it has been ersed in t e hardening solutions. </p>
<p> In practicing the improved method, the tubing is washed in a series of wash tanks holding warm water at difierent temperatures, the arrangement bein such that the tubing is thoroughly close of the byproducts resultin from the reaction oi the viscose and the her ening baths or solutions. The temperature of the water in the several tanks is sucn that the uses evolved do not accumulate more rapidl than they can difiuse through the cellu ose wall and, erefore, there is no excessive overstre I: ct tubing and it is not deformed Other objects and advantages of the inve tion will become apparent as the following detailed description progresses, reference being had to the accompan drawing, wherein: </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a somewhat diagratic V ew of a section taken through apparatus which embodies the invention. </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken through one of a p urality of wash t shown in Fig. 1, and </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a die am of electrical apparatus which is utilize to control the temperature of the water in the wash tanks. </p>
<p>the. </p>
<p> apparatus for extruding viscose through an annular orifice to form cellulose tubing which is shown at 11, the tubing being exanon. rem vrsxmc comm-- traded into a coagulating or regenerating hath 13 and being advanced over aroller 14" to a tank 15 holdin a coagulating or regenerating solution. rom the receptacle 15 the tubing is advanced to a receptacle 16 which holds an aqueous solution of the coagulating or regeneratin agents, these agents being carried over mto the solution from the receptacle "15 b the tubing. lhe tubing is then advanced rom the receptacle 16 through a plurality of wash tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20, and thence into a receptacle 21 which holds a hygroscopic agent, preferably glycerine. lldler rolls 23 in the receptacles 15, 16,17, 18 19, 20 and 21 and driven rolls 24 disposed a ove these receptacles guide and advance, respectively, the tubing through the several receptacles. </p>
<p> Various solutions are employed in the eutruding apparatus and in the rece tacle 15 for hardening the viscose. In practicing one embodiment of the invention an aqueous solution of 8 to 10% of sulfuric cold and 12 to 16% of sodium-sulfate is employed in the dium'sulfate is employed in the extrug apparatus, the extruding apparatus being provided with a receptacle 25 which holds 1 these solutions. In the event the second solution is employed in the receptacle 15, a regenerating solution is employed in the rece tacle 15. </p>
<p> e reaction of the acidified salt baths and, the viscose produces several substances, such as sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, hy- </p>
<p>drogen sulfide, colloidal sulfur, etc., all of which must be washed out of the regenerated cellulose film before it is dried. </p>
<p>this purpose that the tubing is conveyed through the wash tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20, which tanks preferably hold running water. 10 </p>
<p>It isfor '8 leaving the acidified is associated with t Hot water will remove these biroducts from the film or tube much more quic y than cold water. However, if the film or tube is carried into hot water immediately after regenerating bath an result. The acid which e regenerated film soon lmparts a permanent acidity to the water in the first wash tank if the water is not changed often enough to prevent such acidity. If the temperature is high, this acid exerts a weakening effect on the cellulose film. Volatile substances formed by the action of the acid on the viscose are quickly driven out of the film when it is immersed in hot water, and, under certain conditions, may cause minute as bubbles to be formed in the film itself. ese volatile substances are probabl hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide and car on dioxide. The production of these volatile biproducts resents the greatest difficulty when the ce ulose product is in the form of a seamless tube. Here, a substantial rise in temperature following the regenerate or cellulose when the tube is lead into hot water causes an inflation of the tube by the gases trapped inside. Under these conditions, the gases accumulate more rapidly than they can diffuse through the cellulose wall and serious overstretching and deformation results. </p>
<p> Regenerated cellulose films are subject to severe shrinkage during the regenerating operation and during subsequent washing stages, and the use of hot water accelerates this shrinkage. The application of hot water immediately after the acid treatment causes such severe and sudden shrinkage that frequent breakage may occur. </p>
<p> The present invention permits the use of hot water for washing the regenerated cellulose films or tubes without encountering the difliculties mentioned above. Thus, the temperature of the water in the wash tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20 is adually raised, beginning with water at a ut the same temperature as that maintained in the acid tank and ending in the final wash tank 20 with hot water. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water in tank 17 is held at approximately 20 0., the water in the second tank .18 is held at about 30 C., the water in the tank 19 is held at about 35 C., and the water in the tank 20 is held at 50 0., or even higher. </p>
<p> As indicated above, the water in the tanks 17, 18, 19, and 20 is preferably; changed at frequent intervals or continuous thus pipes 17a, 18a,19a and 20a are adapted to discharge water into the receptacles 17 18, 19 and 20, respectively, the overflow being carried off by pipes 17b, 18b, 19b and 206, respectively. If it is so desired, each of the tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20 may be connected to a larger tank so that the water may becirculated continuously. Such construction permits the teminferior product ma perature of the water to be readily controlled. </p>
<p> In the preferred embodiment of the invention, means is preferably associated with each of the tanks 17 18, 19 and 20 to control the temperature of the water therein. In this instance, the controlling means comprises heating devices 30, 31, 32 and 33 disposed in the tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20, respectively, the heating devices being preferably electrical resistances. The resistances are connected to a suitable source (not shown) of electrical energy, as illustrated in Fig. 3. The resistances 30, 31, 32 and 33 are controlled by thermostatic devices 35, 36, 37 and 38, respectively, which are preferably identical in construction. The thermostatic device 35 is illustrated in detail in Fig. 2 and comprises, in this instance, a diaphra 39 holding a quantity of some suitable v0 atile fluid which will expand when it is heated. The diaphragm is carried by a bracket 40 mounted in the tank 17 the diaphragm being positiqfipd beneath the surface of the water in the ta v The free end of the diaphragm 39 is connected by a post 41 to a lever 42 which is pivoted intermediate its ends to a bracket 43 carried by the tank 17. A member 44, depending from one end of the lever 42, is adapted to depress a metallic spring member 45 when the diaphragm 39 expands. The spring member 45 carries a contact point 46 engageable with a contact point 47 carried by a spring member 48. The spring members 45 and 48 are insulated from each other and are mounted in a housing 49 secured to a wall of the tank 17. A set screw 50 screw-threaded through one of the walls of the housing 49 engages the spring member 48 and is adapted to bring it into a plurality of adjusted positions. Thus, the spring member 48 tends to flex in an upward direction and the screw 50 may be manipulated against this action to bring the contact point 47 into any desired position with respect to the contact point 46. The spring mem er 45 also tends to. spring upward so as to bring the contact point 46 into engagement with the contact point 47. Obviously, the apparatus may be adjusted in such manner that the circuit through the re sistance 30 may be closed unless the water in the tank 17 is at least 20 0., or any other temperature that may be desired. </p>
<p> The thermostatic devices 36, 37, and 38 are adjusted to maintain the temperatures noted above in the tanks 18, 19 and 20, respectively, or any other temperatures that may be desired. </p>
<p> Briefiy,in the operation of the above described ap aratus, the tubing 11 passes from the extru ing mechanism 10 through the tanks 15 and 16 into the first wash tank 17 and thence through the wash tanks 18, 19 and y in the tanks 17, 1'8, 19 and 20 is contrenee gt; </p>
<p>' the thermostatic devices 35, 36, 37 and respectively, in the manner describedabove so that the casing or tubing is not sub'ected 5 to a high temperature immediately a r it reaches the tank 16, but is gradually subjected to hi her temperatures until it has een thoroug 1y washed. </p>
<p>While I have shown and described certain 19 embodiments of my invention, it is to be 'un- V ders'tood that it is capable of many modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangement may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed in the appended claims, </p>
<p>in which it is my intention to claim all novel ty inherent in an invention as broadly as possible, in view 0 the prior art. </p>
<p>' I claim: </p>
<p>20 1. The method of forming a cellulose product, which method comprises extruding viscose and regenerating it and subjecting the regenerated viscose to several baths of heated water of increasing temperature. </p>
<p> 2. The method of forming a cellulose prodnot, which method comprises extruding viscose, regenerating it, and washing the regenerated substance in several baths of heated water of increasing temperatures, one of said baths beilag maintained at a temperautre less than 409 and another of said baths be' gairgained .at a temperature in excess 0 3. The method of forming a cellulose prodnot, which method comprises extruding viscose, regeneratingsaid viscose, and washing the regenerated substance in at least three baths of heated water of increasing temperatures, at least one of said baths being main- 40 tained at a temperature in excess of 35 C. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof, I hereuntov afliz; mysignature this 24th day of October, 1930. </p>
<p> wILLmM r. ENDERSON. </p>
</div>
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en
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US-1330869-A
|
US-26928719-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23026612
| 1920-02-17
| 1919-01-02
| 1920-02-17
|
74/724.
|
B60R7/08
|
B60R7/081
|
HARTER MARION H
|
Flexible power-transmission mechanism
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>M. H. HARIER. </p>
<p>FLEXIBLE POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2. I919. </p>
<p>Patented Feb. 17,1920. </p>
<p>2 SHEETSSHEET I. </p>
<p>M. H. HARTER. </p>
<p>FLEXIBLE POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM. </p>
<p>APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2 I919. </p>
<p>Patented Feb. 17,1920. </p>
<p>2 SHEETSSHEET 2. </p>
<p> Even/01' 7 74 x700 Mfif/r M ///Mr% line UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>MARION H; HARTER, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, A SSIGNOR TO HAR'IER- MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, A COPARTNERSHIP CON- SISTING OF ORLIE H. DUTTON, DELFORD D. MERCHANT, WILLIAM H. FOLLETTE, </p>
<p>AND MARION H. HARTER. </p>
<p>' FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMISSION MECHANISM. </p>
<p>Application filed January 2, 1919. Serial No. 269,287. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, MARION H.'HARTER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepinand State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flexible Power-Transmission Mechanism; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and 1 scribed and defined in the claim. </p>
<p> In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the invention, like characters indicate like parts throughout the several views. </p>
<p>Referring to the drawings, </p>
<p> Figure 1 is a front elevation showing the invention attached to the flexible driving shaft of a speedometer; </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is a detail view partly in elevation and'partly in section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 15 </p>
<p> Fig. 3 1s a view principally in side elevationwith some parts sectioned on the line 33 of Fig. 1; </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section taken on the line 4:4 of Fig. 1; s </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig.1); 1 </p>
<p> Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on the line 66 of Fig. 3; and I Fi 7 is a transverse section taken on the 7 of Fig. 3. </p>
<p> The numeral 8 indicates, as anentirety, a speedometer, which may be of any well known construction, and the numeral 9 indicates the flexible driving shaft therefor, mounted in a flexible casinglO. The flex- Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Patented Feb. 17, 192i. </p>
<p>ible driving Shaft 9 is driven by suitable so as to swing downward when opened. </p>
<p>This door 12 has side flanges, which embrace the sides of the casing 11 and is provided with a glass panel 13 that affords a sight opening in said casing. A suitable catch, not shown, may be provided for se curing the door 12 in a closed position. In the left-hand side'of the casing 11, at the top thereof, is a substantially annular door opening normally closed by a door 14, and, in the right-hand side of said casin is a similar door opening normally close by a door 15. Both doors 14 and 15 are hinged at their lower edges so as to swing 'dOWI1= ward, when Fopened, and the door openings closed there y aflord access to the anterior of the casing 11. A shown, the doors 1 1 and 15 are held closed bythe overlapping flanges of the door 12 or, if desired, separate catches may be provided therefor. The two sides of the casing 11 are connected by a pair of longitudinally spaced screws 16, on which is removably supported a table top' 17 underlying the glass door' panel 13 and spaced inward thereof to afford a narrow passageway therebetween. By tightening the screw 16, the sides of the casing 11 are drawn onto the longitudinal edges of the table 17, and thereby frictionally hold the'same in position. </p>
<p> Within the casing 11, is an upper spindle 18 and a lower spindle 19 located in axial alinement with the door openings normally closed by the doors 14 and 15, respectively. </p>
<p>The upper spindle '18, at its left-hand end, is journaled. in a bossed opening in the lefthand side of the casing 11 and has securedthereto, outward of said casing, a knob 20 by-which said spindle may be turned in either, direction. The other or lower spindle 19 is journaled at its right-hand end in the right-hand side of the casing 11, and, out- I ward of said casing, has loosely journaled thereon a gear 21. The spindle 19, outward of the gear 21, is-reduced and journaled in a bracket 22 secured to the casing 11. A. </p>
<p>pair of integrally formed spring fingers 23 have, at their connected inner ends, an aperture through which the reduced outer end of the spindle 19 projects. These fingers 5 23 bear upon the gear 21, at diametrically opposite points, and are pressed thereagainst under a variable pressure by a set nut 24 having screw-threaded engagement with the reduced end of the spindle 19. Normally these spring fingers 23 cause the spindle 19 to rotate with the gear 21, but under undue strain on said spindle, will permit the same to slip in respect to the gear, as will presently appear. Removably mounted on each spindle 18 and 19, is a spool 25 held against removal therefrom by the doors 14 and 151 These spools 25 are held for rotation with the spindles 18 and 19 by keys 26, which extend in key seats formed 20 in said spools. </p>
<p> Wound on the upper spool 18 and arranged to be unwound therefrom and wound onto the lower spool 19, is a ribbon 27. having indicated on one or both of its sides road maps, which consist, as shown, in graduating the ribbon to indicate miles and also indicating place identifications at points properly indicated by the distance graduations. </p>
<p> ,The left-hand edge of the door 12, at the 80 sight opening, is also graduated to indicate miles. The graduations on both the ribbon and the door may be further divided to indicate tenths of miles. When both sides of the ribbon are used,the same road map may be indicated on both sides thereof only in reverse order, so that on the return trip it is only necessary to reverse the ribbon and spools in the casing. The intermediate por-. tion of the ribbon 27 rests on the table 17 and is held thereby smooth and close to the sight opening, so that the same may be easily read. 1 </p>
<p>To positively unwind the ribbon 27 from the upper spool 18 and draw the same over the tables 17, there is mounted in the casing 11, at the lower end of the table 17, a pair of laterally spaced wheels 28 having teeth 29 arranged to enter longitudinally spaced holes 30 at the edges of said ribbon. As shown, the wheels 28 are integrally formed and secured. to a shaft 31 journaled in the sides of the casing 11. Keyed to the lefthand end of the shaft'31, outward of the casing 11, is "a gear 32 which meshes with an idle gear '33 journaled on the respective sides of said casing and which, in turn, meshes with the gear 21, and thereby completes the driving connections between the shaft 31 and the lower spindle 17. Loosely journaled on the shaft 31, just outward of the gear 32, is a worn gear 34, and outward of this worm gear and having screw-thread: ed engagement with said shaft, is a thumb nut 35 by which the worm gear may be frictionally clamped against the gear 32, and </p>
<p>and detachably secured to the casing 11 by thereby caused to rotate with the shaft 31. On the other end of the shaft 31, is a knob 36 by which said shaft may be turned in either direction, when the worm gear 34 is released from rotation therewith. </p>
<p> Meshing with the worm gear 34, is a worm 37 journaled in a bracket 38 secured to the casing 11. The worm 37 is driven by a flexible shaft 39, one end of which is attached thereto and the other end thereof is attached to a worm gear 40, which meshes with a .worm 41 interposed in and forming a part of the flexible shaft 9. The flexible shaft 39 is mounted in a flexible casing 42 andthe worm gear 40 and the worm 41 are mounted in a housing 43 interposed in the flexible casinglOand to which said casin 42 is attached. A housing 44 is provide for the gears 213233-34 and worm 37 screws. </p>
<p> On the back of the casing 11, is secured a U-shaped bracket 45 having a clamping screw 46 for securing said casing to an instrument board 47 or other support. This form of securing means, for the casing 11, is especially ada ted for use in securing said casing to an obllque instrument board. For vertical instrument boards, a bracket, constructed to hold the instrument board in an oblique position, ,may be provided, in order that the ribbon may be more easily read. </p>
<p> In place of driving the worm gear 34 from the driving shaft of the speedometer, the same may be driven directly from one of the driven parts in the speedometer. When thus operating the road map, the same may be incorporated in and made a part of the speed ometer. </p>
<p> To compensate for the varying diameter of the ribbon 27, as the same is wound thereon from the positive feeding device, to wit:--the wheels 28 and their toothed en gagement with the ribbon, the spring fingers 23 will allow the gear 21 to slip on the spindle 19, or, in other words, move at a slower speed thansaid spindle. The ribbon 27 may be corrected, from time to time, in respect to the locations along the route, simply by operating the thumb nut 35 to release the worm gear 34, and thereb render the positive driving connections or the ribbon inoperative. With the worm gear 34 thus re leased, the ribbon may 'be moved in either direction by operating the knob 36 to turn the wheels 28. </p>
<p> To remove the ribbon 27 and spools 25 from the casing 11, the doors 12--14 and 15- are opened and one of the spools removed through the respective side door opening. 12: This movement of one of the spools 25 will carry the ribbon edge ,with a slight lifting movement, off from the table 17 through the open top of the casing 11. Then by removing the other spool from its spindle, the rib- 131 bon may be completely removed from the casing. Both door openings normally closed by the doors 14 and 15 open into the open top of the casing 11. </p>
<p>What I claim is The combination with a flexible power transmitting shaft provided at its extended end with a driving Worm forming an element of said shaft, an instrument directly connected to and driven from said worm, a casing inclosing said worm, a worm gear mounted insaid casing and meshing with said worm, a second flexible shaft connected to and driven directly from said worm, and </p>
<p>a second instrument connected to and driven 15 from said second flexible shaft. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p> MARIO-N H. HARTER. Witnesses: </p>
<p>CLARA DEMARnsT, BERNICE G. BAUMANN. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3484821-A
|
US-3484821D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24875741
| 1969-12-16
| 1968-03-25
| 1969-12-16
|
223/73.
|
D06F71/34
|
D06F71/34
|
CAMPBELL ROLLIN E
|
Sleeve pressing apparatus
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Dec. 16, 1969 CAMPBELL ET AL- SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 12- Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 25, 1968 IE us Ms W l- S I w E T VNRWA Nu QM Y b 969 R. E. CAMPBELL T AL 3, 2 </p>
<p>SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 7 Filed March 25, 1968 w 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 F 16.2 92 V F, a5 </p>
<p>INVENTORS I FOJLLIN E.C MPesLL Hana v D F A-rw-oaarvs. </p>
<p>R. E. CAMPBELL ET AL SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS' 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 med March 25, 1968 INVENTOR. </p>
<p> Roum E.CAMPBELL HARRY D. F0855, WW1 DAM. </p>
<p>ATTORNEY- Filed March 25, 1968 R. s. CAMPBELL ET AL SLEEVE PRESVSING APPARATUS 12 Shgets-Sheet 4 1 I 1 1 I l 1 T zes 9'8 I 5 M106 L 1 28 I Q 1. 89 79 I 90 I 1; 11' 8;, 1 as g i 98 1 7 8b Q g 193, i 1 5 la 80 /00 I 3 1-va-roesz Roum El. CAMPBELL, </p>
<p> HARRY D. F0 55 bY MflJMOM Arromuevs. </p>
<p> Dec. 16, 1969 Filed March 25, 1968 R. E. CAMPBELL ET AL SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 12' Sheets-Sheet 6 d/29 an 195 :1 no 0 moTf I 9 I75 I86 2 I [$8 I '79 28 y "in I 1 b ,7 I f F: I78 I87 172: I G I I74 n5 j v A I l I 07 190 i I Q 'n I91, 95 194 fi A Q 200 20! r v I99 K 0 0 as I98 152 I g 6 P I34 203' 20a INVENTORS'. EoLLm E. CAMPBELL, HARRY D. FOR 5, Y W,M ML </p>
<p>ATTORNEYS. </p>
<p>Dec.16,1969 RECAMPBE my 3,484,821 </p>
<p>SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS INVENTbRS: RoLLm E. CAMPBELL, </p>
<p>HARRY D. Foes: </p>
<p>BYWM'? M... </p>
<p>A-r'roawsvs. </p>
<p>Dec. 16, 1969 c mpgg ET AL 3,484,821 </p>
<p>SLEEVE'PRESSING APPARATUS Filed March 25, 1968 12 Sheets-Sheet a INVENTOQSI Baum ECAMPBELL, HARRY D. Forzcz, </p>
<p>ATTORNEYS. </p>
<p>Dec. 16, 1969 R. E. CAMPBELL ET SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 12- Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed March 25, 1968 INVENTORS. EoLuu E -CAI"1PBBLLT, </p>
<p> HAeRYD-FoRsE, bv 1M,M+ QML ATTORNEYS. </p>
<p>Dec. 16, 1969 RECAMPBE ETAL 3,484,821 </p>
<p>SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS Filed March 25, 1968 F ics. I7A </p>
<p> FIQJESA a 34/ P X i=1 12 Sheets-Sheet 1O INVENTORS. RoLLm E- CAMPBELL, </p>
<p>HARRY D. Fo'RsE, </p>
<p>BY ,ww </p>
<p>ATTORNEYS United States Patent Ofice 3,484,821 Patented Dec. 16, 1969 Ind. </p>
<p> Filed Mar. 25, 1968, Ser. No. 715,854 Int. Cl. D06c 15/00 US. Cl. 223-73 45 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apparatus for pressing the sleeves of a garment having a pair of upright bucks for receiving the sleeves with the body portion of the garment hanging downwardly therefrom, a first fluid-actuated cylinder for moving the bucks upwardly from a lower position to selective upper positions, a pair of pressing heads for each buck, a second fluid-actuated cylinder for moving the pressing heads transversely between an open position for receiving the respective buck therebetween and a closed pressing position, a third fluid-actuated cylinder for moving the bucks between a dressing position and a pressing position with each buck positioned between and in cooperative relationship with a pair of pressing heads, and a sensing element initially positioned between the outer surface of one of the bucks and the inner surface of the respective sleeve thereon when the bucks are in their lower position, the sensing element automatically detecting upward movement of the junction between the sleeve and the body portion of the garment to a predetermined elevation and deactuating the first cylinder in response thereto thereby to terminate the upward movement of the bucks so that only that portion of the bucks having the sleeves thereon is positioned between the pressing heads. </p>
<p>BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This invention relates generally to sleeve pressing apparatus, and more particularly to sleeve pressing apparatus which automatically positions the bucks so that only that portion of the bucks having the sleeves thereon is positioned between the pressing heads. </p>
<p>Description of the prior art Sleeve pressing apparatus has been provided, such as that shown in Patent Nos. 2,420,818 to Davis, 2,687,241 to Maxwell et al., and Re. 23,881 to McLagan, in which a pair of upright bucks are provided for receiving the sleeves of a garment, the bucks being moved from adressing position to a pressing position between respective pairs of pressing heads. Both the Davis and McLagan patents recognize the fact that the junction or shoulder seam between the sleeve and body portion for sleeves of different size and length will be positioned on the buck at different elevations and thus, that it is necessary to adjust the pressing position of the bucks so that only that portion of bucks having the sleeves thereon is positioned between the pressing heads. In the Davis patent, that adjustment was accomplished manually. In the McLagan patent elevation of the shoulder seam was measured by the operator by means of a separately mounted lever connected by linkage to a servo system which provided a corresponding upward movement of the bucks. In each of the above-referred to patents, the bucks were rigidly mounted upon support means, no movement to equalize pressing pressure or to facilitate dressing the shirt upon the bucks being provided. </p>
<p>It is increasingly desirable to utilize unskilled labor in commercial laundries thus dictating that operations requiring experience and skill, such as determining the proper elevation of bucks with the sleeves thereon, be eliminated. Therefore it is desirable to provide sleeve pressing apparatus in which the bucks are automatically moved upwardly to the proper elevation to the end that the operator need only dress the sleeves upon the buck with all other operations being automatically performed in proper sequence. </p>
<p>SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention, in its broader aspects, provides sleeve pressing apparatus having a buck assembly including a pair of elongated, tapered, transversely spaced-apart, upstanding bucks for respectively receiving the sleeves of a garment with the body portion thereof hanging downwardly therefrom. First, power means is provided for upwardly moving the bucks in the direction of elongation thereof between a lower position and selective upper positions. A pair of pressing heads is provided for each of the bucks respectively formed to conform thereto and, second power means is provided for transversely moving the pairs of pressing heads between an open position for receiving the respective bucks therebetween and a closed pressing position. Third power means is provided for moving the buck assembly between an initial dressing position and a pressing position with each buck positioned between and in cooperative relationship with a pair of pressing heads. Means are provided for actuating the first power means thereby to initiate the upper movement of the bucks. Means are provided cooperating with a sleeve on one of the bucks for sensing upward movement of the bucks to a position in which the junction of the sleeve and the body portion of the garment, i.e. the shoulder seam, is at a predetermined elevation, and means are provided coupling the first power means and the sensing means and operable thereby to deactuate the first power means thereby terminating the upward movement of the bucks at the said position thereof. </p>
<p> It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide improved sleeve pressing apparatus. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to provide improved sleeve pressing apparatus wherein the bucks are automatically moved upwardly to a position in which only that portion thereof having sleeves thereon is positioned between the pressing heads. </p>
<p> The above-mentioned and other features and objects of this invention and the manner of attaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in. conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: </p>
<p>Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in cross-section, illustrating the improved sleeve pressing apparatus of the invention; </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional View taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1; </p>
<p> FIG. 3 is a rear end view of the apparatus as viewed along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1; </p>
<p> FIG. 4 is a fragmentary schematic view in perspective showing the buck mounting structure; </p>
<p> FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 4; </p>
<p> FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view showing the actuating mechanism for the expanders; </p>
<p> FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side view, partly broken away, showing the expanders; </p>
<p> FIG. 7a is a detail, in cross-section, taken along the line 7a-7a of FIG. 7; </p>
<p> FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIG. 7; </p>
<p> FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the details of the upper extremity of each buck, taken generally along the line 99 of FIG. 8; </p>
<p> FIG. 10 is a fragmentary view in perspective, partly broken away, showing the sensing mechanism of the invention; </p>
<p> FIGS. 11 and 12 are fragmentary schematic views illustrating the mode of operation of the sensing mechanism of the invention; </p>
<p> FIG. 13 is a fragmentary view in perspective, partly broken away, illustrating the control mechanism; </p>
<p> FIG. 13a is a fragmentary view further showing a detail of the control mechanism; </p>
<p> FIG. 14 is a fragmentary view in perspective, partly broken away, further illustrating the control mechanism; </p>
<p>FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the clamp cylinder; </p>
<p> FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the pneumatic system; and </p>
<p> FIGS. 17a and 17b are schematic views illustrating the mode of operation of the expanders with different type sleeves. </p>
<p>DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, the improved sleeve pressing apparatus of the invention, generally indicated at 20, comprises a frame 21 having a base portion 22 and transversely spaced-apart side portions 23 and 24. Buck assembly 25 comprises upstanding, elongated, tapered bucks 26 and 27, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1. Each buck is mounted on a support assembly 28, the two support assemblies 28 in turn being connected to piston rod 29 of a conventional fluid power cylinder D, referred to as the lift cylinder. </p>
<p> The buck assembly 25 including the bucks 26, 27 and their respective support assemblies 28 are movable vertically in the direction of elongation of the bucks 26 and 27 between a lower dressing position, as shown in FIG. 1, and selective upper positions, as shown in dashed lines at 30 in FIG. 1. </p>
<p> Two pairs of pressing heads 32 and 33 are provided, the pair 32 comprising a movable pressing head 34 and common fixed head 35, and the pair 33 comprising movable pressing head 36 and the common fixed head 35. The heads 34, 35 and 36 have suitable recesses 37 formed in the cooperating surfaces to accommodate and conform to the bucks 26 and 27. </p>
<p> The common fixed head 35 is connected by a bracket assembly 38 to a top transverse member 39 which extends between the side frame portions 23 and 24. The movable heads 34 and 36 are respectively connected by mounting assemblies 40 and 42 to the upper ends 43 and 44 of lever members 45 and 46. Lever members 45 and 46 are pivotally connected intermediate their ends to transverse frame member 47. The lower ends 50 and 52 of the lever members 45 and 46 are respectively connected to fluid power cylinder B, to be hereinafter more fully described, referred to as the clamp cylinder. </p>
<p> FIG. 2 shows the pairs of pressing heads 32 and 33 in their open positions for receiving the bucks 26 and 27 therebetween, while FIG. 3 shows the pairs of heads in their closed positions. A coil spring 53 is connected between the lower portions of the lever members 45 and 46 below the pivot points 48 and 49 so that the movable heads 34 and 36 are normally urged to their open positions. Actuation of the clamp cylinder B pivots the upper ends 43 and 44 of the lever members 45 and 46 in the direction shown by the arrow 41 thereby to close the movable heads 34 and 36 to their closed, pressing positions. </p>
<p> Buck assembly 25 is moved, as shown by the dashed line 54, from its dressing location, as shown in FIG. 1, to its pressing location, with the bucks 26 and 27 respectively positioned between the pairs of pressing heads 32 and 33, by a lever member 55 having its forward end 56 connected to the lift cylinder D and its rear end 57 connected to a transverse member 58 pivotally connected to the base portion 22 of frame 21. Lever member 55 may then be pivotally moved in the direction shown by the arrow 59 from its position shown in solid lines in FIG. 1 to the position shown by the dashed lines 60. </p>
<p> Another lever member 63 'is provided having an end 64 pivotally connected by a bracket 65 to the transverse frame member 47. A link 66 connects lever member 55 and lever member 63. A conventional fluid power cylinder A, referred to as the tilt cylinder is provided connected to the transverse member 31 of base portion 22 of frame 21, and having its piston rod 69 connected to lever member 63. A conventional snubbing mechanism 67 is mounted on transverse member 31 and is connected to the lever 63 by a link 68. </p>
<p> It will readily be seen that the pressing heads 32 and 33 and the buck assembly 25 are relatively disposed, and that the lever member 55 is of such length that the weight of the buck assembly 25 will normally bias the same downwardly to its dressing position, as shown in FIG. 1. Actuation of the tilt cylinder A resulting in upward movement of its piston rod 69 in the direction shown by the arrow 70 results in upward pivotal movement of the lever member 63, as shown by the dashed lines 72, in turn resulting in the aforesaid upward pivotal movement of the buck assembly 25 to its pressing position. A suitable spring 73 is connected between a bracket assembly 74 mounted on the transverse frame member 39 and the lever member 63 and serves to assist the tilt cylinder A in providing the upward pivotal movement of the buck assembl 25. </p>
<p> It will be readily understood that the pressing heads 34, 35 and 36 are heated in conventional fashion, as by steam from a source (not shown) coupled to fittings 75. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, the support assemblies 28 for mounting the bucks 26 and 27 upon the piston rod 29 of the lift cylinder D will be more fully described. End 56 of lever member number 55 is connected to the lift cylinder D by means of an L-shaped bracket member 76 having an upper leg 77 with an aperture therein through which the piston rod 29 extends. A generally T- shaped member 78 is rigidly connected to the upper end 79 of the piston rod 29. A guide bar 80 is connected to the outer end of the leg 82 of a member 78 and extends downwardly therefrom. Leg 77 of the bracket 76 has a slot 83 formed therein which slidably receives the guide bar 80 thus preventing the guide bar and the member 78 from turning. A generally Y-shaped member 84 is secured to the guide bar 80 extending rearwardly therefrom and spaced downwardly from the leg 82 of member 78. Legs 85 and 86 of the member 84 have their extremities in vertically spaced alignment with the extremities of the bar portion 87, 88 of member 78. A pair of pivot members 89, 90 extend between the legs 85, 86 of member 84 and the extremities at the bar portion 87, 88 of member 78, being pivotally connected thereto for providing the force of pivotal motion of bucks 26 and 27. </p>
<p> Each of the buck supports 28 comprises a generally U-shaped frame having an upper connecting member 93 and leg members 94 and 95 extending therefrom. A horizontally extending bar 96 is centrally rigidly secured to each of the pivot members 89, 90, so as to pivot therewith. A pair of links 97, 98 are respectively pivotally connected at their upper ends to each of the bars 96 and respectively pivotally connected adjacent their lower ends to the lower extremities 99 of the leg members 94 and 95 of the U-shaped frame 28. A bar 100 is connected to and extends between the lower ends of links 97 and 98. </p>
<p> It will now be seen that the mounting of the supports 28 on the members 78 and 84 by means of the pivot members 89 and 90 provides for pivotal motion of the supports 28 and the bucks 26 and 27 between a position facing divergently outwardly in direction 102 facing away from the pressing heads 32 and 33, as shown in dashed lines 94a and 95a in FIG. 5, to a position in which the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 are generally parallel, as shown in solid lines. It will further be seen that the mounting of the supports 28 by means of the links 97 and 98 provides a further compound motion or double-jointed connection of the bucks, the first motion being a pivotal motion abut pivot points 103 with the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 thus having free pivotal movement between a divergently upwardly facing position and a generally parallel position, as shown by the arrow 104, and a further free motion toward and away from each other, as shown by the arrows 105. It will be readily upderstood that the bucks are padded, as at 101a (FIG. 7) and it will further be observed that the central pressing head 35 is stationary whereas the other two heads 34 and 36 are respectively moveable. When the bucks are initially positioned between the pressing heads, they are generally parallel, however, when the moveable heads 34 and 36 are actuated to their pressing positions, the padding 101 is compressed and there is thus a tendency for each buck to move laterally toward the central head 35. In the absence of the double jointed connection of the bucks, abovedescribed, this lateral movement is provided by mere deflection of the bucks thus resulting in unequal pressing pressure. However, the compound motion or double jointed connection of the bucks accommodates this tendency for lateral motion within the pressing heads and thus provides equal pressing pressure. </p>
<p> Stops 106 respectively secured to the support legs 94 and engageable with the pivot posts 89 and 90 limit the outward pivotal movement of the supports 28 and bucks- 26, 27. Springs 107 respectively connected between the guide 80 and the legs 94 normally bias the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 to their divergently outwardly, forwardly facing positions shown in FIG. 5. A conventional fluid-actuated cylinder F referred to as the swivel cylinder acts upon the stops 106 and when actuated pivots or swivels the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 to their parallel positions. Stops 108 are rigidly secured to the members 96 and depend therefrom, stops 108 cooperating with stop member 109 on the leg 77 of bracket 76 for limiting the inward pivotal motion of the supports 28. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9, each of the bucks 26, 27 comprises a central, elongated, upwardly extending heating element 110 having a central passageway 112 therein. Heating element 110 is heated in a conventional fashion, as by steam from a source (not shown) connected to conventional fittings 113. The lower end 114 of the heating element 110 is rigidly secured to plate members 115, 116 which, in turn, are rigidly secured to the top member 93 of the support 28. Padding 101 comprises two separate padding elements 101a and 1011] respectively covering the opposite surfaces of the heating element 110 and extending outwardly from the opposite sides thereof to define recesses in which the expanders 117 and 118 are accommodated when in their retracted positions. Padding elements 101a and 101b are removably secured to the heating element 110 in conventional fashion, as by a spring 131 at their lower ends and studs 111 at their upper ends (FIG. 8). </p>
<p> Expander 117 comprises an elongated rigid element 119 having lower and upper ends 120 and 121, and a flexible element 122 which defines the outer perimetral boundary thereof. Element 122 has its bottom end 122a rigidly secured to lower end 120 of element 119 and has a pair of spring loops 123 formed in its rigid bottom portion 122b. Flexible element 122 has a reverse bend 1220 formed at its upper end and another reverse bend 122d formed adjacent its top end, bend 122d being slidably received in a slot 124 in a guide member 125 secured to rigid element 119 adjacent its upper end 121. </p>
<p> A rigid spacer 126 interconnects rigid element 119 and the upper side portion 122s of flexible element 122. A moveable rod 127 is connected to the lower side portion 122i of the flexible element 122 and extends loosely through an opening in rigid element 119. Rod 127 has inner and outer stops 127a and 127b thereon on either side of the rigid element 119. Expander 117 is partially covered with a sleeve 128 of flexible padding material open at its inner side 128a to accommodate movement of flexible element 122. </p>
<p> With the provision of the moveable rod 127, the lower side portion 122 of the flexible element 122 may flex inwardly to the position shown in dashed lines at 122g to accommodate short sleeves, and also to accommodate long sleeved shirts of various shapes and sizes from the elbow to the shoulder, the spring loops 123 also accommodating this flexing of portion. 122 The upper bend 1220 may also flex inwardly, as shown by the dashed lines 122h, thereby to accommodate long sleeved shirts of various sizes and shapes in the placket area just below the cuff. Rigid spacer 126 establishes the extent of actual movement of expander 117, the upper and lower portions 1220 and 122 independently flexing accordingly. </p>
<p> The other expander 118 comprises an elongated rigid element 342 having lower and upper ends 343 and 344, and an elongated rigid element 345 which defines the outer perimetral boundary thereof. Element 345 has its lower end 346 connected to lower end 343 of element 342. Element 345 has a reverse bend 347 at its upper end and is attached at end 348 to the upper end 344 of element 342. Rigid spacers 349 and 350 interconnect elements 342 and 345, as shown. Expander 118 is covered with flexible padding material 352. </p>
<p> Expanders 117 and 118 are selectively moved between their retracted and protracted positions by the arrangement now to be described. A pair of lever members 129, 130 are provided having their lower ends 132, 133 pivotally connected to the side legs 94 and of the support 28 adjacent their lower extremities 99, as at 134. The upper ends 135, 136 of the pivoted lever members 129, 130 are respectively coupled by links 137, 138 to the lower ends and 343 of the rigid elements 119 and 342 of the expanders 117, 118, links 137, 138 in the retracted positions of the expanders 117, 118 being received Within recesses or grooves 139 formed in the plate members 115, 116, as best seen in FIG. 7. It will now be seen that pivotal movement of the lever members 129, between their positions shown in solid lines in FIG. 6 to their positions shown in dashed lines at 129a and 130a will respectively move the lower ends 120 and 343 of the rigid elements 119 and 342 (and thus the lower ends of the expanders 117 and 118) from their retracted positions adjacent the sides of heating element 110, to their protracted positions, as shown in FIG. 7. </p>
<p> The upper ends 121 and 344 of the rigid element 119 and 342 are respectively coupled by clips 140, 142 to ends 143, 144 of lever members 145, 146 which are pivoted intermediate their ends to plate members 147, 148 respectively attached to the upper end 149 of heating element 110. The other ends 150, 152 of lever members and 146 are respectively connected to the upper ends 153, 154 of actuating rod elements 155, 156 which extend downwardly through the central opening 112 in the heating element 110, as best seen in FIG. 9. It will now be seen that downward movement of the actuating rods 155, 156 in the direction shown by the arrows 157 will result in pivoting the lever members 145 and 146 thereby to move their ends 143 and 144, and the upper ends 121 and 344 of the rigid elements 119 and 342 of the expanders 117, 118 outwardly from their retracted positions, to their expanded or protracted positions, as shown in FIG. 7. It will now be seen that the lower and upper ends of the expanders 117, 118 are independently actuated between their retracted and expanded positions, the lower ends being actuated between the retracted and protracted positions by means of the pivoted lever members 129 and 130, and the upper ends likewise being moved between their retracted and protracted ends by 7 lever members and 146 and, in turn, by the actuating rods and 156. </p>
<p> Referring now to particularly FIGS. 8 and 9, in order to actuate the expanders 117, 118 of each of the bucks 26 and 27, and also to actuate the lift cylinder D, as will be hereinafter more fully described, each of the bucks 26 and 27 has a manually actuated cap member 158 at its upper end. The manually actuated cap member 158 comprises a suitable molded cover 159 secured to a lever member 160 by a suitable threaded fastener 162. Lever member 160 is transversely disposed between the two plate members 147, 148 and is pivotally connected thereto by means of a suitable hinge 163. A suitable T-shaped clamp 164 is provided for clamping the cuff portion of the shirt to the buck, clamp 164 being connected to the lever member 160 by a bar 165. Lever member 160 with the cap 159 thereon is selectively manually moveable between a deactuated position, as shown in solid lines in FIG. 8, in which the clamp 164 is disengaged from the cuff of a shirt, to an actuated position, as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 8, in which the clamp 164 will be in full engagement with the cuff portion of the shirt. </p>
<p> Another actuating rod 166 is provided connected to the lever member 160 intermediate the hinge 163 and the clamp rod 165, actuating rod 166 extending downwardly through the opening 112 in the heating element 110 in spaced parallel relationship with the actuating rods 155, 156. It will be readily apparent that manual actuation of the cap member 158 from its deactuated position to its actuated position in the direction shown by the arrow 167 in FIG. 8 will result in downward movement of the actuating rod 166 in the direction shown by the arrow 168 in FIG. 9. </p>
<p> Referring now particualrly to FIG. 6, actuating rods 155 and 156 for the lever members 145 and 146, and the actuating rod 166 from the manually-actuated cap 158 extend downwardly through the central opening 112 in the heating element 110, downwardly between the plate members 115 and 116, and downwardly through an opening 169 in the top member 93 of the support 28. The lower extremity 170 of the actuating rod 166 is coupled to one end 171 of lever member 172 which is pivotally mounted, as at 173, to selectively actuable valve G. Valve G is mounted on the side leg 94 of support 28 by a suitable bracket 174. Lever member 172 has a leg 175 extending downwardly therefrom and connected to the spring actuating member 176 for the valve G. Lever member 175 is normally biased to its de-actuated position by means of a suitable spring 177 coupled between the leg 175 of lever member 172 and the other leg 95 of support 28. </p>
<p> The other end of lever member 172 is coupled by a link 179 to another lever member 180. One end of 182 of lever member is coupled by an equalizing link 183 to the bottom ends 184 and 185 of actuating rods 155, 156. The other end 186 of lever member 180 is coupled to piston rod 187 of conventional fluid-actuated cylinder G, referred to as the clamp and expand cylinder. </p>
<p> The other side of the clamp and expand cylinder G is connected to one end 188 of lever member 189* which is pivotally connected, as at 190 to a bracket 192 connected to leg 94 of support 28. The other end 193 of lever member 189 is connected by a link 194 to an equalizing link 195. The opposite ends 196 and 197 of the equalizing link are coupled by links 198 and 199 to the ends of members 200 and 201 which are rigidly connected to the lever members 130, 129 adjacent their pivot points, as shown. Lever members 129, 130 are normally biased to their retracted positions by means of suitable springs 203, as shown. </p>
<p> It will now be seen that manual actuation of the cap member 158 from its position shown in solid lines in FIG. 8 to its clamping and actuating position as shown in dashed lines in that figure so as to clamp the cuff portions of the sleeves, will result in downward movement of the actuating rod 166 in the direction shown by the arrow 168, thereby actuating lever member 172 to its position shown in dashed lines 172a, and moving leg portion 175 thereof to its position shown in dashed lines at 175a, thereby actuating the actuating member 176 and in turn actuating valve G so as to actuate the clamp and expand cylinder G. Clamp and expand cylinder G is free floating, i.e. neither end is rigidly connected, and thus upon initial actuation, piston rod 187 will move upwardly thereby to pivot lever member 180' to its position shown in dashed lines at 180a thereby moving the equalizing link 183 and the actuating rods 155, 156 downwardly in the direction as shown by the arrows 157, in turn actuating lever members 145 and 146 to move the upper ends of the expanders 117, 118 toward their protracted positions. When the lever members 145 and 146 have been thus pivoted to move the upper ends of the expanders 117 and 118 toward their protracted positions, further downward movement of the actuating rods 155 and 156 will be prohibited thus causing the connection 204 between the lever member 180 and the equalizing link 183 to become the pivot point. At this point, a further incremental upward movement of the piston rod 187 of the clamp and expand cylinder G will actuate link 179 upwardly thereby to pivot end 171 of lever member 172 downwardly a further incremental amount thus moving actuating rod 166 further dowwardly so as to tightly clamp the clamp 164 against the cult of the sleeve. When no further downward movement of actuating rod 166 is possible, continued actuation of the clamp and expand cylinder G will result in downward movement of the cylinder itself, as shown by the arrow 205 thus pivoting end 188 of the lever member 189 downwardly and pivoting the end 193 upwardly, as shown by the dashed lines 193a, in turn moving link 194 and the equalizing link 195 upwardly, and further in turn moving the upper ends of the members 200 and 201 upwardly so as to pivot lever members 129 and 138 outwardly toward their positions shown in dashed lines 129a and 130a. As previously indicated, movement of lever members 129 and 130 toward their outwardly pivoted positions 129a and 130a results in outward movement of the lower ends of the expanders 117 and 118 from their retracted toward their protracted positions. </p>
<p> It will now be seen that the provision of the flexible element 122 which defines the perimetral edge of the expanders 117, 118, the independent actuation of the upper and lower ends of the expanders from their retracted toward their protracted positions by means of the lever members 145, 146, and 129, 138 and the equalizer links 183 and 195 permit the expanders to accommodate themselves to a wide variety of shapes and sizes of sleeves, both long and short, thereby to provide a better and more equal expansion of all configurations of sleeves. </p>
<p> Referring more particularly to FIG. 17a, there is shown a sleeve 227a of a long-sleeved shirt positioned on buck 26. It will be seen that the top edge 353 of the sleeve is maintained substantially straight by the rigid expander 118, while the flexible expander 117 conforms to the shape of the bottom edge 354, both expanders cooperating to maintain the sleeve taut on the buck. Referring to FIG. 17b, there is shown a sleeve 22712 of a short-sleeved shirt positioned on the buck 26. Here, the conformance of the flexible expander 117 to the shape of the sleeve, together with the unequal outward movement of the upper ends of the expanders 117 and 118, which is accommodated by equalizer link 183 (FIG. 6) is clearly seen. </p>
<p> It will be understood that the clamp 164 engages and holds together the split in the cuff portion of the shirt, i.e. it holds the edges of the shirt in edge-to-edge relation as determined by the operator. It will also be observed that with the clamp 164 and the upper ends 121 and 344 of the expanders 117 and 118 interconnected by rod 166, lever 172 and link 179 on the one hand, and rods 156 and 155, link 183 and lever 180 on the other, force applied to the upper ends of the expanders tending to separate the split results in the application of further force on the clamp to hold the split more securely. It will further be seen that the linkage 172, 179, 180 provides a lost motion connection so that when the upper ends of the expanders have moved outwardly until restrained, further expansive force will result in the application of still further clamping force. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIGS. 1, 10, 11 and 12, there will be described the mechanism for automatically sensing the upward movement of the shoulder seam of the sleeve to a predetermined elevation and for terminating the upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27 in response thereto. An elongated sensing element in the form of a relatively rigid rod 204 is provided having its lower end 205 pivotally connected to a bracket member 206 secured to the bottom end of the lift cylinder D and having a small knob 207 at its upper end. Rod 204 is a predetermined length and the knob 207 at its distal end is thus at a predetermined elevation above the base portion 22 of the frame 21. The upper portion of sensing rod 204 extends upwardly in close proximity to one of the bucks, i.e. buck 26. </p>
<p> An operating member in the form of an elongated rod 208 is provided having a loop 209 attached to its upper end 210, loop 209 slidably receiving the sensing rod 204. A right-angle end 212 is formed at the lower end of rod 208 and laterally projecting portion 213 is rigidly secured to a clevis 214. Clevis 214 is pivotally connected to member 215 which, in turn, is rigidly connected to side leg 95 of support 28, by a bracket 216. Operating member 208 and, in turn, sensing rod 204 are thus adapted to be pivotally moved :from an upright position, as shown in solid lines in FIG .10, in which the upper portion of rod 204 is generally parallel with and closely adjacent the outer surface of buck 26, laterally away from buck 26, as shown by the dashed lines 204a. Operating rod 208 has a projection 217 thereon connected to actuate the spring-actuator 218 of valve H which is mounted on side leg 25 of support 28 by means of a bracket 219. As will be hereinafter described, valve H is coupled in the actuating system of the lift cylinder D and serves, when actuated, to terminate actuation of the lift cylinder D and thus the upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27. </p>
<p> Clevis 214 has a projection 220 depending therefrom. A conventional fluid-actuated cylinder H, referred to as the sensing cylinder, is connected between projection 220 and the bracket 222 mounted on the side leg 95 of the support 28. Sensing cylinder H, when actuated, serves to urge or bias operating rod 208 and, in turn, the sensing rod 204 outwardly away from buck 26 as shown by the arrows 223 and 224, sensing cylinder H urging projection 220 of the clevis 214 pivotally as shown by the arrow 225. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIG. 11 in which the bucks 26 and 27 are shown in their lower, dressing position, the knob 207 and the upper portion of sensing rod 204 are normally positioned closely adjacent the outer surface 226 of buck 26. In operation, sleeves 227 and 228 of a shirt are dressed downwardly over the upstanding bucks 26 and 27 with the body portion 229 of the shirt hanging downwardly from the sleeves. It will thus be seen that the dressing position of the buck assembly, the knob 207 and the upper portion of the Sensing rod 204 is positioned between the outer surface 226 of buck 26 and the inner surface of the sleeve 227. As will be hereinafter more fully described in conjunction with FIG. 16, actuation of the cap 158 associated with buck 27 actuates the valve G and the clamp and expand cylinder G, respectively associated with buck 27, thereby to actuate the expanders 117 and 118 associated with buck 27, thereby to expand sleeve 228. Actuation of the cap 158 associated with buck 26 not only actuates valve G and the clamp and expand cylinder G associated with buck 26 thereby to actuate expanders 117 and 118 associated with that buck, but also actuates sensing cylinder H thereby causing the cylinder H to urge projection 220 of clevis 214 in the direction shown by the arrow 225, in turn urging or biasing operating rod 208 and sensing rod 204 laterally outwardly away from buck 26 in the direction shown by the arrow 224. However, lateral movement of sensing rod 204 and operating rod 208 in direction 224 sufficient to actuate v-alve H is at this point precluded by engagement of knob 207 of sensing rod 204 with the inner surface of the expanded and thus taught sleeve 227. Actuation of the cap 158 associated with buck 26 likewise actuated the lift cylinder D causing its piston rod. 29 to commence upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27, in the direction shown by the arrow 229, as above described. </p>
<p> Referring particularly to FIG. 12, as the upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27 continues in the direction 229, when the knob 207 at the distal end of the sensing rod 204 passes the junction or shoulder seam 232 between the sleeve 227 and the body portion 230, the restraint against the lateral outward movement of sensing rod 204 and operating rod 208 is suddenly removed and sensing rod 204 and operating rod 208 will be pivoted laterally outwardly away from the outer surface 226 of buck 227, as shown. This lateral outward movement of sensing rod 204 and operating rod 208 will actuate actuator 218 of valve H which, as will hereinafter be described, is coupled with the lift cylinder D to terminate the actuation thereof, thereby automatically to terminate upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27. FIGS. 17a and 17b show the buck 26 in the same position as that shown in FIG. 12, i.e., with knob 207 of sensing rod 204 just past shoulder seam 232. </p>
<p> It will now be seen that the sensing rod 204 cooperates with the sleeve 227 on the one buck 26 as the buck with the sleeve thereon is moved upwardly by the lift cylinder D, the sensing rod 204 sensing passage of the shoulder seam 232 upwardly past the predetermined elevation determined by the length of the sensing rod 204 and terminating the upward movement of the bucks in response thereto. </p>
<p> It will now be readily seen that the length of the sensing rod 204 is so related to the dimensions and position of the pressing heads 32 and 33 that the position to which the bucks 26 and 27 is moved is such that only that portion of the bucks having the sleeves 227 and 228 thereon is positioned between the pressing heads. Thus, in the case of a garment having small sleeves, the shoulder seam 232 will be positioned a considerable distance up the bucks 26, 27 from the supports 28, and therefore, only a relatively small amount of upward movement of the bucks in the direction 229 will be provided before the shoulder seam 232 reaches the elevation established by the distal end 207 of the sensing rod 204. On the other hand, in the case of relatively large sleeves, the shoulder seam 232 will be located much farther down the bucks 26 and 27 toward the supports 28 and, therefore, a considerably greater amount of upward movement of the bucks 26, 27 in direction 229 will be provided before distal end 207 passes the shoulder seam 232. In the case of any size sleeve, however, the upward movement of the bucks 26, 27 will be to that position at whichthe distal end or sensing knob 207 of the sensing rod 204 senses upward passage of the shoulder seam 232 past the distal end 207 at which point the upward movement will be terminated, that position being such that only that portion of the bucks having the sleeves thereon will be inserted between the pressing heads. It will be observed that this control of the upward movement of the bucks is completely automatic, the bucks being properly positioned with respect to the pressing heads 32 and 33 automatically for every size sleeve without requiring any decision or operation on the part of the operator of the apparatus. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14, an elongated control level 233 is provided pivotally mounted as at 234 adjacent its end 235 to pivot posts 236 which, in turn, are mounted on a bracket member 237. Bracket member 237 is secured to the upright frame member 24 and is further secured in position by means of a brace 238. The outer end 239 of control level 233 has a roller 240 mounted thereon which cooperates with a detent lever 242 having its lower end pivotally connected to upright frame member 23, as at 243. Detent lever 242 has two detent portions 244 and 245 which cooperate with the roller 240. Detent lever 242 is biased to its operative position by means of a suitable spring 246 coupled between transverse frame member 39 and the upper end 247 of the detent lever member. </p>
<p> Control lever 233 is pivoted downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 248 from its unactuated position with roller 240 in engagement with detent notch 244, as shown in FIG. 13, to its actuated position with the roller 240 in engagement with detent notch 245, by the arrangement now to be described. A pair of manually-actuated lever members 249, 250 are connected to a transverse bar 252 pivotally mounted on base portion 22 of the frame 21. Manually actuated lever members 249, 250, are respectively disposed on either side of the lever member 55 (FIGS. 1 and 14). A lever 253 is rigidly connected to the rod 252 and has its outer end connected by link 254 to one end 255 of lever member 256. Lever member 256 is pivotally mounted intermediate its ends, as at 257, to transverse frame member 258 of the base portion 22 of the frame 21. The other end 259 of lever member 256 is connected by a link 260 to a bracket 262 mounted on control lever member 233 intermediate its ivot point 234 and its outer end 239. </p>
<p> It will now be seen by reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 that manual actuation of the lever members 249 or 250 in the direction shown by the arrows 263 will result in pivotal upward movement of lever member 253 in the direction shown by the arrow 264, in turn resulting in pivotal downward movement of end 259 of lever member 256, as shown by the arrow 265, downward movement of link 260 in the direction shown by the arrow 266, and finally in pivotal downward movement of the control lever member 233 in the direction shown by the arrow 248 thus forcing roller 240 to move from engagement with detent notch 244 to engagement with detent notch 245 against the force exerted by spring 246. </p>
<p> Control lever 233 has a bracket 267 secured thereto which actuates actuating spring 268 of valve A which is mounted on a support bracket 237 by a bracket 269. Valve A is coupled to actuate the tilt cylinder A. Thus, manual actuation of control levers 249, 250 resulting in pivotal downward movement of control lever 233 will result in actuation of valve A and, in turn, actuation of tilt cylinder A to initiate its upward movement in direction 70, thereby to initiate movement of the buck assembly 25 from its dressing position to its pressing position. </p>
<p> A link 270 is pivoted intermediate its ends, as at 272 in a slot 273 formed in control lever 233. End 274 of lever 270 is in vertical alignment with the upper end 275 of snubber link 68 which is connected to the lever member 63. A valve F supported from support bracket 237 by a bracket 276 has an actuating lever 277 biased upwardly by spring 278. A member 279 eXtending outwardly from lever member 63 normally engages actuating lever 277 of valve F when the tilt cylinder A is in its retracted position (with the buck assembly in its dressing position) thereby deactuating valve F. As piston rod 69 of tilt cylinder A begins its upward movement in direction 70 responsive to actuation of valve A, member 279 will move away from actuating lever 277 of valve F thereby permitting actuation of the same in response to spring 278, in turn actuating the buck swivel cylinder F to pivot the bucks 26 and 27 to their parallel pressing position. Thus, the bucks are pivoted to their pressing position simultaneously with initial tilting movement thereof. </p>
<p>When the piston rod 69 of the tilt cylinder A has moved upwardly in direction 70 to its upper extremity thus positioning the bucks 26 and 27 between the two pairs of pressing heads 34, 35 and 36, end 275 of the link 68 will engage end 274 of lever 270 thus pivoting its other end 280 downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 282 to actuate valve B mounted on the support bracket 237. Valve B is coupled to actuate clamp cylinder B thus to actuate the lever members 45 and 46 to move the movable pressing heads 34 and 36 into pressing engagement with the bucks 27 and 26 respectively. </p>
<p> A lever member 283 is pivotally mounted on the support bracket 237 and is coupled by a link 284 to the lower end 52 of head-actuating lever member 46. Thus, as the lower end 52 of lever member 46 is pivoted outwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 285 in response to actuation of the clamp cylinder B, lever member 283 is pivoted downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 285 to actuate valves D and E. Valve E couples the source of air to a suitable heater 286 (FIG. 16) which supplies heated air to jets on the pressing plates for heating the exposed edges of the sleeves in known fashion. As will be hereinafter described valve D closes the exhaust line for the clamp cylinder B. </p>
<p> A conventional fluid actuated cylinder C, referred to as the timing cylinder is mounted on frame member 39 extending downwardly therefrom. Timing cylinder C has a clevis 286 at the end of its piston rod 287 which cooperates with a projection 288 formed on the bracket 262. Bracket 262 has a U-shaped portion 289 cooperating with a snubber member 290 mounted on a bracket 292 which, in turn is mounted on the support bracket 237. </p>
<p> As will be hereinafter described, timing cylinder C is normally charged so that its piston rod 287 is fully protracted. As will be hereinafter more fully described, when the pilot valve 293 (FIG. 16) associated with the clamp cylinder B shifts from its closing to its squeezing position, it starts to bleed air from the timing cylinder C so that its piston rod 287 is retracted in timed fashion in the direction shown by the arrow 294. At the end of its timed retracting stroke, abutment 295 of clevis 286 engages extension 288 of the bracket 262 thereby moving the control lever member 233 upwardly from its actuated position to its deactuated position with roller 240 moving out of engagement with detent notch 245 and into engagement with detent notch 244 against the force exerted by spring 246 on the detent lever member 242. </p>
<p> Movement of the control lever 233 to its deactuated position pivots its end 235 downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 296 so that end 235 actuates valve C mounted on the supporter bracket 237. As will be hereinafter described, valve C commonly referred to as the exhaust valve, serves to exhaust air from the clamp cylinder B. Movement of control lever 233 to its deactuated position deactuates valve B thereby removing the clamp air from the small cylinder 298 of clamp cylinder B and causlng actuation of pilot valve 293 to permit repressurization of large cylinder 384 of cylinder B, thereby moving lever members 45 and 46 to open the moveable pressing heads 34 and 36. Movement of the lower end 52 of lever member 46 in the opposite direction thereby to open pressing head 36 pivots lever member 283 upwardly to deactuate the valves D and E. Movement of the control lever 233 to its deactuated position also deactuates valve A thereby to deactuate the tilt cylinder A to initiate return of the buck assembly 25 from its pressing position to its dressing position. </p>
<p> Referring to FIGS. 13, 13a and 14, a clamp and expand tripping pedal 362 is pivotally mounted on front transverse frame member 360, as at 363, and has an actuating lever 364 connected thereto and extending rearwardly therefrom. Pedal valve P is mounted on bracket 276 and has its actuating lever 375 connected to lever 364 by rod 365. A spring 370 normally biases lever 344, rod 365, and actuating lever 375 downwardly so as to maintain valve P in a normally open position. </p>
<p> A tripping lever 372 is pivotally mounted on a bracket 369 attached to side frame member 24. A tripping cam 373 is pivotally mounted on one end of lever 372 and cooperates with roller 374 on rod 365. A pin 368 extends outwardly from snubber rod 68 and normally holds lever 372 and cam 373 in the position shown in FIG. 13a when the apparatus is in its at-rest position, i.e. with the buck assembly 25 at its dressing location. </p>
<p> When the snubber rod 68 moves upwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 70 as the buck assembly 25 is pivoted to its pressing location, as above described, pin 368 moves upwardly permitting lever 372 and cam 373 to pivot downwardly to the position shown at 373a in FIG. 13a, cam 373 being pivoted to pass roller 374. In its position shown at 373a, cam 373 is in its actuating position under roller 374. </p>
<p> When the snubber rod 68 moves downwardly, as shown by the arrow 70a, responsive to pivOtal return movement of the buck assembly from its pressing location back to its dressing location, pin 368 engages lever 372 thereby pivoting cam 373 upwardly to engage roller 374 thereby to move rod 365 upwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 376 to actuate pedal valve P to its exhaust position. As the downward movement of snubber rod continues, the end of the cam 373 will roll off of the roller 374 so that lever 372 and cam 373 resume their position shown in solid lines in FIG. 13a and spring 370 will then return rod 365 and pedal valve P to the normally open position. A stop 377 on lever 372 cooperates with cam 373 to hold it in its actuating position while engaging roller 374. It will be readily seen that cam 373 pivots away from stop 377 during the downward pivotal movement of lever 372 to permit cam 373 to pass roller 374. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIG. 15, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, clamp cylinder B is pneumatically actuated and is of the double-piston type, similar to that described and illustrated in Patent No. 2,458,976 of the present applicant Campbell. Here, piston rod 298 is hollow, forming a cylinder having a piston 299 moving therein and mounted on a piston rod 300 which is secured to the rear end wall 302 of the large cylinder 304. Another piston 306 is secured to the inner end 308 of the hollow piston rod 298. The larger piston 306 normally has a clearance with the inner wall of the larger cylinder 304, but forms a sealing relationship with a reduced wall portion 310 at the forward end wall 312 of the large cylinder 304 for a purpose shortly to be described. An inlet conduit 314 communicates with the larger diameter section of the large cylinder 304 and another conduit 316 communicates with the smaller diameter section defined by the wall portion 310. Another inlet conduit 318 communicates with the interior of the hollow piston rod 298. It will be readily understood that the lower ends 50 and 52 of the lever members 45 and 46 are respectively coupled to end 320 of the hollow piston rod 298 and end 322 of the end wall 302. </p>
<p> Referring now to FIG. 16, an inlet air line 324 is prvided adaptably coupled to a suitable source of air under pressure (not shown). Inlet air line 324 is coupled to a conventional regulator 326 which reduces the inlet air pressure to a suitable pressure, such as approximately 80 p.s.i. Line 327 from the regulator 326 is coupled by valve A to the tilt cylinder A. Line 327 is also coupled by line 328, valve B and line 329 to the inlet conduit 318 of the clamp cylinder B which communicates with the hollow piston rod 298. Line 330 also couples valve B to valve C which in turn is coupled by a conventional bleeder valve 332 to valve D, which finally is coupled to a suitable mufiler 333. Line 328 from the regulator 326 is also coupled by a valve F to the buck swivel cylinder F. Finally, line 328 is coupled to one side of a conventional pilot valve 293. Line 329 from valve B is also coupled by a conventional needle valve 334 to the pilot valve 293. Inlet conduits 314 and 316 of the clamp cylinder B are likewise coupled to the pilot valve. Timing cylinder C 14 is charged through the pilot valve 293 by line 335 and metering check valve 336. </p>
<p> Inlet line 324 is coupled to another conventional regulator 337 which reduces the inlet air pressure to a suitable pressure such as approximately 50 to 60 p.s.i. Line 338 from the regulator 337 is coupled by pedal valve P, line 341 and valve G, associated with buck 27 to the clamp and expand cylinder G of buck 27. Line 341 is also coupled by the valve G of the buck 26 to the clamp and expand cylinder G of buck 26. Line 339 from the valve G associated with buck 26 is also coupled to the Sensing cylinder H and by the valve H through a conventional quick exhaust valve 340 to the lift cylinder D. </p>
<p>OPERATION The operator dresses the sleeves of a shirt to be pressed upon the bucks 26 and 27. The cap member 158 associated with buck 27 is first actuated thus actuating valve G and the clamp and expand cylinder G associated with buck 27, through the normally open pedal valve P, thus moving the expanders 117 and 118 of buck 27 to their expanded positions. Cap 158 associated with buck 26 is then actuated which actuates valve G and the clamp and expand cylinder G associated with buck 26 also through the normally open pedal valve P, thereby to actuate the expanders 1 17 and 118 associated with that buck to their expanded positions. Sensing cylinder H is also actuated to apply the bias force on the operating rod 208 and sensing rod 204. Valve H is normally open and thus lift cylinder D is actuated to initiate upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27, upward movement being terminated by actuation of valve H in response to sensing of the upward passage of the shoulder seam by the distal end 207 of the sensing rod 204. If there should be a need at this point to release the clamps and expanders, the operator may manually actuate pedal 362 which will move rod 365 upwardly to actuate pedal valve P to its exhaust position, thereby to permit cylinders G, G and the lift and sensing cylinders D and H to exhaust through exhaust port 366 of pedal valve P. </p>
<p> The operator then actuates one or the other of the control levers 249, 250 thereby actuating valve A to actuate the tilt cylinder A to move the buck assembly 25 from its dressing position to its pressing position with the bucks 26 and 27 respectively between the pressing heads 34, 35 and 36. When the buck assembly 25 has reached its pressing position, valve B is actuated (valves C and D being closed) thereby applying high pressure air to the hollow poston rod 298 of the clamp cylinder B which accordingly extends to cause the lever members 45 and 46 and the moveable pressing heads 34 and 36 to close rapidly and sufiiciently to cause the moveable pressing heads to touch the bucks 26- and 27. Meanwhile timing cylinder C Was charged when air was supplied to the system through pilot valve 293 and the metering check valve 336, and its piston rod 287 extended. </p>
<p> Pilot valve 293 is of the air-piloted, spring-returned type. The high pressure air in line 328 normally holds the spool of pilot valve 293 against its spring (not shown) so that the valve 293 normally couples line 328 to both ports 314 and 316 of the clamp cylinder B, the large cylinder 304 thus normally being filled with high pressure air. It will be observed that as the hollow piston rod 298 moves outwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 342 in FIG. 15, in response to application of high pressure air to port 318, there is no contact between the large piston 306 and the wall of the large cylinder 304 until the large piston comes into sealing contact with the reduced-diameter wall portion 310 adjacent the end of its stroke. </p>
<p> The hollow piston rod 298 has now closed the movable heads 34, 36 and has also moved the large piston 306 into sealing contact with the reduced diameter wall portion 310 of the large cylinder 304. At this point, pressure has built up through needle valve 394 which, when added to the internal spring pressure, overcomes the high pressure air supplied to pilot valve 293 by line 328 causing the spool of that valve to shift. </p>
<p> Shifting of the spool of pilot valve 293 connects port 316 to a metered exhaust 344 thereby to exhaust the air in the reduced-diameter portion 310 of the large cylinder 304. However, air is exhausted only from one side of the large piston 306 by reason of its sealing contact with the reduced-diameter wall portion 310, port 314 remaining connected to the high pressure line 328 thus applying full pressure to the other side of the large piston 306, in addition to the pressure applied by line 329 to the small piston 229, so that a greatly increased squeezing force is exerted on the lever members 45 and 46 and the movable heads 34 and 36. </p>
<p> Shifting of the spool in the pilot valve 293 to provide the squeezing force initiates bleeding of the timing cylinder C through the line 335 thereby initiating the timing operation. </p>
<p> Retraction of the timing cylinder C, as above described, and the resultant return of the control lever member 233 to its deactuated position deactuates valve B and actuates valve C to couple the hollow piston rod 298 to the bleeder valve 372. Deactuation of valve B removes the biasing pressure from the spool of the pilot valve 293 which then again shifts to couple both of the inlet supports 314 and 316 to the high pressure line 328. Retraction of the hollow piston rod 298 then commences under the influence of spring 53 thereby initiating opening movement of the lever members 45 and 46 and the moveable heads 34 and 36. Valve A is also deactuated thereby to actuate the tilt cylinder A with the buck assembly 25 thus returning to its dressing position under the influence of its own Weight. As the lower end 52 of lever member 46 moves in the direction shown by the arrow 297 in FIG. 13, valve D is actuated thereby to permit rapid exhaust of hollow piston rod 298 through valves C and D and the mufller 333. Valve E is deactuated simultaneously with actuation of valve D thereby to terminate the supply of heated air to the pressing heads 32 and 33. </p>
<p> The retraction of the tilt cylinder A to its lower position and the accompanying downward movement of lever member 63 results in deactuation of valve F and of the bucks swivel cylinder F resulting in outward pivoting of the bucks under the influence of springs 107 (FIG. 4). </p>
<p> It will be observed that retraction of the timing cylinder C and the accompanying upward movement of the control lever member 233 to its deactuated position has resulted in return of the control lever member 249, 250 to their normal positions. </p>
<p> As the snubber rod 68 moves downwardly in the direction 70a, simultaneously with retraction of piston rod 69 of the tilt cylinder A, pin 368 will actuate lever 372 and cam 373, as above described, thereby automatically to actuate pedal valve P to its exhaust position to exhaust the clamp and expand cylinders G and G and the lift and sensing cylinders D and H, thus retracting the expanders 117 and 118 and releasing the clamps 164 of the bucks 26 and 27, causing the buck assembly to move downwardly to its lowest position, and returning operating rod 208 and sensing rod 204 to their normal positions. It will be understood that manual deactuation of the clamp and expand valves G and G will not release the clamps and expanders, and retract the lift and sensing cylinders D and H sufiiciently rapidly due to the air pressure in the cylinders, thus necessitating provision of the pedal valve P to provide a rapid exhaust. The sleeve pressing operation is now completed and the operator can now remove the sleeves of the garment from the bucks 26 and 27. In an actual embodiment constructed as shown in the drawings, the complete cycle of operation requires approximately eighteen seconds. </p>
<p>While there have been described above the principles of this invention in connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. Apparatus for pressing the sleeves of a garment comprising: a buck assembly including a pair of elongated, transversely spaced-apart, upstanding bucks for respectively receiving the sleeves of a garment with the body portion thereof hanging downwardly therefrom and first power means for upwardly moving said bucks in the direction of elongation thereof between a lower position and selective upper positions; a pair of pressing heads for each of said bucks respectively formed to conform thereto; second power means for relatively transversely moving said pairs of pressing heads between an open position for receiving the respective buck therebetween, and a closed pressing position; third power means for moving said buck assembly between an initial dressing location and a pressing location with each said buck positioned between and in cooperative relationship with a said pair of pressing heads; means for actuating said first power means thereby to initiate said upward movement of said bucks; means cooperating with a sleeve on one of said bucks for sensing upward movement of said bucks to a position in which the junction of said sleeve and said body portion of said garment is at a predetermined elevation; and means coupling said first power means and said sensing means and operable thereby to deactuate said first power means thereby to terminate said upward movement of said bucks at said last-named position, said last-named position being such that only that portion of said bucks having said sleeves thereon is positioned between the respective pair of pressing heads at said pressing location of said buck assembly thereby to accommodate sleeves of different sizes and lengths. </p>
<p> 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing means includes a sensing element having an initial position between said one buck and the inner surface of the respective sleeve when said bucks are in said lower position, said element being movable to a second position in response to upward movement of said bucks to said last-named position thereby operating said coupling means to deactuate said first power means. </p>
<p> 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing means is initially disposed between said one buck and the inner surface of the respective sleeve when said bucks are in said lower position, said sensing mean having a fixed spaced relationship to said first power means and establishing said elevation, said sensing means including means for detecting the passing of said junction as said bucks move upwardly. </p>
<p> 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing means includes an elongated element having opposite ends, means for mounting one end of said element in fixed spaced relation to said first power means, said element extending upwardly in said direction, said element having an initial position with the distal end thereof being closely adjacent said one buck in said lower position thereof whereby said distal end is initially positioned between said one buck and the inner surface of the respective sleeve, said element being of predetermined length and said distal end determining said elevation, and means for moving said element to a second position in response to said distal end passing said junction as said bucks move upwardly thereby operating said coupling means to deactuate said first power means. </p>
<p> 5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising means for normally biasing said element toward said second position thereof. </p>
<p> 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said mounting means comprises means for mounting said element for pivotal movement between said initial and second positions in a direction transverse to said first-named direction. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-3204513-A
|
US-18899762-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
26884678
| 1965-09-07
| 1962-04-20
| 1965-09-07
|
84/464.R
|
G01H11/00
|
Y10S84/18
|
LEWIS BALAMUTH
|
Musical and analytical instrument
|
en
| null | null |
<claims mxw-id="PCLM58267942" lang="EN" load-source="ifi">
<claim num="3">
<claim-text>3. A MUSICAL COLOR INSTRUMENT HAVING COLOR PRODUCING INSTRUMENTALITIES INCLUDING A SERIES OF DIFFERENTLY COLORED LIGHTS INDIVIDUALLY CONNECTED TO AND OPERABLE BY OFF-ON SWITCHES, AND MEANS FOR OPERATING EACH SWITCH SELECTIVELY INCLUDING A RELAY OPERATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH EACH SWITCH, ELECTROMAGNETIC MEANS CONNECTED TO EACH RELAY, INCLUDING A COIL AND A TUNED VIBRATIONAL BODY TUNED TO THE RESONANCE OF THE CENTRAL PORTION OF A NOTE NOF THE MUSICAL SCALE, EACH TUNED VIBRATIONAL BODY BEING OF DIFFERNT PITCH, MEANS TO ACTIVATE EACH TUNING FORK INCLUDING A COIL, AN AMPLIFIER CONNECTED THERETO, AND A MICROPHONE CONNECTED TO THE AMPLIFIER, SAID VIBRATIONAL BODIES BEING FREE FROM THE COIL AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC MEANS.</claim-text>
</claim>
</claims>
|
en
|
<div>
<p>Sept. 7, 1965 1.. BALAMUTH 3,204,513 </p>
<p>MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 20, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 nnmunllllllllmn'W INPUT s2 [L 65 OUTPUT RELAY INVENTOR. LEWIS BALAMUTH 69 BY {9% 6| EYS ATTOR Se t. 7, 1965 BALAMUTH MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 20 1962 INVENTOR. LEVHS BALAMUTH ATTOR P 1965 L- BALAMUTH 3,204,513 </p>
<p>MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 20, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. Ff q.J LEWIS BALAMUTH ATTOR EYS United States Patent 3,204,513 MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT Lewis Balamuth, 29 Washington Square W., New York, N.Y. Filed Apr. 20, 1962, Ser. No. 188,997 9 Claims. (Cl. 84-464) This invention relates to the analysis of objects which are capable of emitting a regular tone, including musical notes and sustained vibrations such as a ringing sound, and especially to the discovery of hidden physical imperfections or changes in the composition of such objects. It also relates to a color and sound producing instrument which has colors arranged in octaves, and which is responsive to the tones of the musical scale. This novel instrument can be played from the keyboard of a piano or an organ, or it can be activated by the sounds emitted by any object capable of producing regular vibrations. </p>
<p> It has already been proposed to make an instrument for the performance of musical compositions in which sight and sound are both involved and a number of such instruments have been described in Class 84-464. Such devices have failed of general acceptance because of substantial imperfections, the number and magnitude of which makes a particular discussion impractical. One substantial failure, of the prior art, was to find in the field of light and color anything comparable to the tonal system of the musical system, the octave. Thus, where the piano has a graduated tonal system based upon octaves, each note having a relation of two to one to the same note in the next octave, no such relationship has been found for the system of lights. In one prior art device there were pairs of buttons controlling white, red, yellow, blue and violet lights but any opproximation of the graduated tonal system of the piano was not conceived. </p>
<p> It is an object of this invention to provide an instrument having a graduated tonal system comparable in color and light to the notes of the musical scale. By the construction of such a tonal scale in color, I have been enabled to construct a combined musical and light instrument in which the graded tones of sound are accompanied by graded tones of lights. </p>
<p> It is an object of the invention to produce an instantaneous, visual, comparative analysis of the composition, and to instantaneously determine the perfection of objects such as porcelain, bells, and car wheels. </p>
<p> Another object is to transform tones to lights, selected sounds being reproduced in lights of definite color, hue, or depth, and to distinguish musical notes by color. The objects include piano tuning, the reproduction in color of sounds beyond the range of the human ear, and the construction of high fidelity instruments. </p>
<p> Another object is to make a musical instrument which responds to the performance of the artist in sound and light. Other and numerous objects will be explained as the description proceeds. As the construction of the musical instrument and its function are a proper introduction to the scientific uses of the analytical instrument, they will be described first. </p>
<p> According to my invention the visible bands of light which appear as violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red constitute a grand octave and each of these colors is similarly divided into seven graded parts which constitute particular octaves. One method of constructing these octaves in graded series has been described in which rice paper is dyed with the chosen color, for instance red, and the successive gradations are made by laminating squares of the rice paper, one thickness for the lightest tone of the octave, two thicknesses for the gression. </p>
<p>second, three for the third tone, etc. When the seven grades are assembled before lights of the same intensity each light appears as of the same color but of different depth. I have now improved upon that invention by utilizing not only difference in depth as the distinguishing character of the tones of the visual octave but by including also the differences in hue. For example, there are many known colors-of red, for instance crimson, scarlet, cerise, and Vermilion, and from these I selected seven colors differing in tone from light to dark in graded steps. This is readily accomplished by selecting a graded series from the color tables of dyers and color makers. Reference may be made to the spectra of particular colors for the selection of a well tempered scale. </p>
<p> In making the novel octaves certain systems are particularly useful. In the first, seven sheets of rice paper are dyed with the seven different colors constituting the octave. The lowest note of the octave will be composed of seven laminated sheets of the deepest color, for in stance the deepest red, the second note will be composed of six sheets of the red color of next lighter hue, the third note will be composed of five sheets of the red color next lighter in hue, etc. In the second system, the principle of lamination is used but a lesser variation of one tone is used, and the successive steps are made up by laminating dilferent quantities of dark red sheets and light redsheets, for instance seven dark red sheets for the lowest tone and seven light red sheets for the highest tone, the intermediate tones being composed of diiferent numbers of dark and light red sheets depending upon the hue and depth which are to be obtained. A variation of the second method is to use a single sheet of light hue for the highest tone of the octave and a single sheet of dark hue for the lowest tone in the octave but with the ditference that the lowest tone will be more heavily dyed than the upper so that a difference in gradation is obtained by depth of dying as well as by choice of hue. </p>
<p> There are two basic responses to music, the responses to the. chord and to the tune. It has been an object of my invention to achieve a display in colored lights which will evoke by sight responses similar to the responses by sound, and to this end I may arrange a grand octave in area as in FIG. 5, which produces pattern, and a grand octave in line, as in FIG. 1, which reproduces pro- Pattern and progression appear in FIG. 5 but pattern predominates. Progression and pattern appear in FIG. 1 but progression predominates. By combining the two, for instance by mounting the square of FIG. 5 above the line of FIG. 1 and electrically connecting identical colors to the same piano key, a series of flickering, flashing patterns are produced and the bril liance of runs, arpeggios, and sequences in the music are conveyed in varying colors and varying combinations of colors. 7 </p>
<p> Two methods of constructing the panels are shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. In FIG. 1 is shown a linear panel in which the violet octave and the indigo octave are set out in full with the beginning of the blue octave. When this panel is connected to the keyboard of a piano in any of the ways to be hereinafter described, the pressing of a key of the piano will produce a light in the corresponding tone of the color octave. The device being mounted in view of the audience, the flow of the music, the occurrence of the chordsand the skill of the pianist are displayed in the flashing lights. In FIG. 5 the panel is arranged so that the octaves are mounted one above the other from violet to red but with alternately reverse direction, V to V progressing to the right, R to R progressing to the left, as shown, or in spiral form, proceeding counter clockwise for instance. This preserves the continuity of the progression of runs and arpeggios which is apt to become confused if the eye must travel, to follow a run, from the right to the left of the board. Many other arr-angements of the panel are conceivable. </p>
<p> The panel has been described as composed of octaves but in preferred form it will have the twelve tone scale of the standard piano including the half tones. </p>
<p> I have also found that the panel can easily be constructed by punching holes through a piece of cardboard and pasting the color sheets over the openings. Additional interest is added to such panels by imprinting the color sheets with, or stamping the panel with holes in the shape of designs. In one successful panel I used chinese pictographs. </p>
<p> The manner of constructing such an instrument is set forth diagrammatically in the following drawings, wherein like numbers refer to like parts: </p>
<p> FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of part of a linear panel beginning with the lowest complete octave; </p>
<p> FIG. 2 is a sketch of the connection between one key of the keyboard of the musical instrument, such as a piano, and the light in the panel; </p>
<p> FIG. 3 is a diagram of a further improvement in the invention involving the use of foot pedals to play banks of lights; </p>
<p> FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of one form of the inven tion; </p>
<p> FIG. 5 is an arrangement of the octaves of colored lights different from that of FIG. 1; </p>
<p> FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a band pass filter of acceptable construction; </p>
<p> FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a type utilizing the filters of FIG. 6; </p>
<p>FIG. 8 is a diagram of a modified band pass filter; </p>
<p> FIG. 9 and 10 are diagrams of one element of a sonic filter system. </p>
<p> Referring to FIG. 2, 10 is the string of a piano, 11 is the hammer, 12 is the key and 13 is the pivot upon which the key is balanced. No attempt is .made to show the actual complexity of the mechanism. Beneath a movable part of the piano key is located a microswitch 14 which is operated when the key '12 is depressed, closing a circuit from a source of current 15 through lines '16, 17 to a light 18 mounted before a reflector 19 in a box 26 the face V of which is composed of translucent colored glass of deepest violet. The piano key next above 12 is connected to V etc. The microswitch operates without effort and returns to off position as soon as the key is released. </p>
<p> In the modification illustrated in FIG. 3 a series of foot pedals 36 are connected to switches 31 which are in turn connected to a 110 volt A.C. source of current 32 and by lines 33 to a series of lights 38 in the box 20, which are in addition to the lights 18. A general mood or tone can be established in the instrument by depressing one of the foot pedals, each of which is connected to a different combination of lights. Thus, massiveness of effect can be achieved much as one achieves it by pulling the stops on an organ and parts of the composition can be played with a background of color which establishes a mood for the passage. One of the foot pedals 30 may be connected to all the lights 38 which remain illuminated throughout the playing of the composition. This achieves a double end in that the eye fatigue produced by the onand-off flashing of the lights is greatly reduced as the differences are not between darkness and light but between intensity of light. For example, with the entire panel illuminated by the lights 38 the playing of the piece takes place upon the lights 18 which turn on and off but appear as increases and decreases in brilliance. </p>
<p> In FIG. 4 is shown the operating mechanism of a modification which constitutes in effect the perfected form of the invention. The difiiculty with the apparatus which has been described hereinabove is that it is applicable only to an instrument having a keyboard. It is a unit and is only useful as such. Furthermore, while it has substantial use in the field of entertainment as in theaters and the like, and in the home, it is not readily adapted to scientific use. </p>
<p>7 In FIG. 4 there is an extension of this invention which enables one to carry out comparative determinations of composition in objects which are capable of giving forth a sound of their own, particularly when that sound is capable of persisting and has regular vibrations. For example, the apparatus of FIG. 4 can be used where flaws exist in porcelain, iron bars and steel sheets, various metals, glassware and in innumerable uses of a similar kind. This form of the invention may also be employed to determine the existence of imperfections in such objects, for instance the existence of a hidden imperfection in a ceramic bowl. </p>
<p> According to this form of the invention a panel will be provided as described above in which the boxes 20 of the panel contain lights 18 which can be activated from a source of current 15 through lines 16, '17. In line 1-7' is a relay switch which is activated through a coil 40 by lines 41, 42 which come from an amplifier 43 which is connected by line 44 to a band pass filter 45 which is connected through lines 46 to a microphone 47. </p>
<p> The band pass filter may be a piezoelectric crystal or any other known form of band pass filter which will reject all tones except those which it is adapted to pass. These band pass filters are selected so that the first will accept the central 10% of those vibrations which constitute the tones and overtones of the first note of the octave of the piano. The second band pass filter will pass the central 10% of those vibrations which constitute the tones and overtones of the second note of the octave. This construction can be continued until a satisfactory instrument has been made. Such an instrument may be receptive to many or to few tones and it may extend through a part of the scale or may extend beyond the tones which are audible to man. For example, if one wishes to cast bells a mold is provided, a composition is established and the bell is cast. Some bells are provided with five main tones. The instrument would be constructed to cover the five main tones of a perfect bell plus tones higher and lower so that the entire tonal area of the bell is covered. The band pass filters would pass only the center 10% of the five main tones and the corresponding lights would be illuminated. In addition other filters would pass secondary tones or vibrations and illuminate additional lights. At the conclusion there would be set up a light pattern for that bell represented by possibly eight or nine lights. When other bells are cast from the same mold they are sounded before the instrument and the pattern of lights which appears is compared with the pattern established for the perfoot bell. If the bell is also perfect, the same pattern appears but if the second bell has a fault, for instance a concealed fissue capable of muting one of the main tones the light corresponding to that tone will not appear. A similar system can be set up to test porcelainware and any other object having the capability to emit regular vibrations in or out of the audible range. The number of lights will be adapted to the need of the occasion, some test apparatus requiring many for the analysis of many tones and others few when the vibrations involved are not complex. </p>
<p> In FIG. 6 is illustrated an acceptable type of electromechanical filter in which a tunning fork 60 of low Q is fixed to a base, not shown, by a screw 61. We may assume that the fork is tuned to a resonance equal to the central 10% of the vibrations constituting middle A of the musical scale. An input delivers through wires 62 to coil 63 a current containing many frequencies of which middle A is one. A soft iron core 64 is Within the coil and in proximity to the left tine of the fork, which is set in vibration and vibrates the right tine, which emits only its own tonal frequency and activates the core and coil 65-66 at the pure and limited frequency of the fork, which is transmitted to the output and to the light operated thereby. </p>
<p> FIG. 7 discloses an operative apparatus for reproducing in a light pattern the sounds picked by by a microphone 70 and delivered to an amplifier 71 from which the current is distributed to a series of coils 72 corresponding to coils 63 of FIG. 6 which are associated with tuning forks 73 all of which are tuned to different frequencies. The coils 74 correspond to coils 65 and activate relays 75 which turn on lights 76 as their respective tuning forks respond to the frequencies which occur in the sounds being analyzed. </p>
<p> Thedevice of FIGS. 6 and 7 is satisfactory, easy to construct, and can be made with material of high Q in the tuning forks or with low Q, the latter of which is preferred for many uses. In the preferred embodiment the tuning fork is replaced by a resonant reed (FIG. 8) which can bend and flex and will yield a low speed of wave motion, much less than the speed of sound in air, providing a specific impedance matching air waves with efiiciency. </p>
<p> In the musical-optical instrument the object is to turn the lights on the screen on and off synchronously with the various sounds being received. Each switch element is to operate when the microphone receives a sound hav- 7 ing a mid-band frequency corresponding to a note of the 88-note piano scale. A good type will employ the fundamental resonant bending vibration frequency of a reed fixed at one end and free at the other. The reed will be of a magnetostrictive material such as nickel, Monel, or steel. The reed 80 is mounted in a base 81 and it will have a radius of gyration t being the thickness of the reed. If nickel is used the frequency 1.42000 (4.694) Z'lr X tX l I being the length of the reed in cm. The application of this formula, the reed being nickel and 1 being .025 </p>
<p>cm. produces the following table, Fni being in cycles per second For lower frequencies the length of the reeds can be shortened by using appropriate thickness. For example, one half the length of the table with a width of .005 instead of the .010 on which the table was computed, produces lengths of 10.36, 7.34 and 5.18 for the first three octaves respectively. </p>
<p> The reeds will respond to all frequencies of sound but they will vibrate selectively with a bending vibration at the frequencies F and also at the overtones of their own fiexual vibrations. </p>
<p> For use as a color instrument in combination with a piano or a violin or other instruments the panel will be constructed to cover all the tones of all the instruments, or at least the major portions of the scales. A single microphone may be connected to all the band pass filters or an individual microphone may be attached to each band pass filter, or particular microphones may subtend groups of filters. The instrument being placed within range of the piano or the orchestra and plugged into the nearest convenient source of power, the microphones will pick up the tones and the band pass filters will activate the lights. </p>
<p> A preferred form of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 9 by a single unit, of which there would be another for each sonic frequency that is to appear in light. In this figure a base supports a U-shaped magnetostrictive laminate 91 upon two point supports 92, which may be spots of solder or adhesive. The magnetostrictive laminate, which constitutes a tuning fork, may be made of nickel, tuned to the frequency, e.g. 440 vibrations/second, that is to be reproduced, by careful reduction of its enlarged ends 91' (FIG. 10). Mounted on the base 90 without touching the tuning fork is a post 93 of insulating material, such as porcelain or plastic, which supports a permanent magnet 94, the ends of which are coated with a thin film of insulation, e.g. foam plastic, and are spaced from the ends of the tuning fork by small gaps of, for instance, about .001 inch. A coil 95 encircles the base of one of the tines of the fork and is connected to a condenser 96, forming an electronic band pass filter at a frequency which is the fundamental frequency of the tuning fork. The output of the condenser goes by line 97 to a preamplifier or to a relay coil which, when activated, will turn on the appropriate light in accordance with principles already set forth.v In this form of the invention microphones are needless as amultiplicity of tuning forks, each tuned to its own frequency, and connected to its own light through its own coil and condenser, respond directly to sonic frequencies corresponding to their own specific frequencies, and turn on and off each its own light. </p>
<p> My discovery of the grand octave is an important part of the invention. The ratio of the end point frequencies of the visible light spectrum is approximately 2: 1. Grand octave therefore corresponds to the octave of sound although it would appear that there are many octaves of sound. This 'is to some extent a semblance because the octaves of the keyboard differ only in the pitch of the respective notes. </p>
<p> Another advantage is that color compositions can be played directly from sheet music and color compositions can be recorded and printed just as sheet music is recorded and printed for musical instruments. The color piano can be played alone, without sound, by furnishing it with a keyboard of its own. The provision of foot pedals to activate multielement patterns makes it possible to furnish a tonal background for the dancing lights and to establish an overall color mood not wholly remote from the chord and harmony pattern of music. </p>
<p> The filters used in the perfected form of the invention can conveniently be of magnetostrictive type or piezoelectric elements. The amplifiers are preferably transistorized for spontaneous olf-on response. </p>
<p> The instrument can be used for tuning pianos to exact concert pitch which heretofore has been strictly an art. Having established an instrument of this sort with band pass filters exactly established at the mid band of each note the tuning becomes precise. The limitation of the filter to the acceptance of the central 10% of the several bands of each note eliminates excitation by adjacent notes. </p>
<p> This apparatus is an analytical tool which displays in a color pattern an acoustical spectrum of a source of sound and it can be used in quality control of any solid object which can be made to ring by being struck or stroked. The switches activated with or by the sounds may be connected, not to lights alone, but to lights and alarms or recorders, or to alarms and recorders or other signalling or responsive apparatus alone. </p>
<p> The device can be used to compare and demonstrate the patterns produced by speakers and singers. </p>
<p> In places of public entertainment and the lobbies of large buildings large screens may be established with or without background music to produce varying color patterns. The entire backdrop of a theater can be composed of a panel of lights changing with the music and furnishing a background for dancing performers. </p>
<p> As many apparently widely different embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. An instrument responsive in colored lights to musical tones of different pitch including a bank of differently colored lights arranged in octaves of violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red of different depth, each color of one octave differing from the same color in the adjacent octaves by a regular increment which progresses in depth from one end of the scale to the other, and electric circuit means to illuminate each of the colored lights including a band pass filter operably connected to a switch for each light and to a microphone. </p>
<p> 2. An instrument according to claim 1 in which the band pass filters pass to the respective circuits sound wave lengths each of which includes about of the intervals comprising the notes of the musical scale and thereby activate corresponding lights in the visual octave. </p>
<p> 3. A musical color instrument having color producing instrumentalities including a series of differently colored lights individually connected to and operable by oif-on switches, and means for operating each switch selectively including a relay operatively associated with each switch, electromagnetic means connected to each relay, including a coil and a tuned vibrational body tuned to the resonance of the central portion of a note of the musical scale, each tuned vibrational body being of different pitch, means to activate each tuning fork including a coil, an amplifier connected thereto, and a microphone connected to the amplifier, said vibrational bodies being free from the coil and the electromagnetic means. </p>
<p> 4. In a selective sound-radiation pattern transformer, electrical means to receive mixed sounds and transform them to mixed electric current frequencies, input electromagnetic means which is operably connected to said electrical means and energized by the mixed frequencies, output electromagnetic mean-s adjacent the input electromagnetic means including a current generating coil operably connected to signalling means, and a tuned vibrational body between and free from the input and output electromagnetic means and which is magnetically associ ated with both of them. </p>
<p> 5, A transformer according to claim 4 in which the tuned body is a tuning fork having its tines aligned with said input and output electromagnetic means and a tine closely associated with each of them. </p>
<p> 6. A transformer according to claim 4 in which the tuned body is a tuned reed. </p>
<p> 7. A transformer according to claim 4 including a multiplicity of three, vibrational bodies tuned to different frequencies, input and output electromagnetic means associated with each of them, and mean connecting all said electromagnetic means to the receiving and signalling means respectively. </p>
<p> 8. In a system of representing selected, limited frequencies by light, an electrically operable light, switch means operably connected thereto, output electromagnetic means connected to the switch means, a microphone, an amplifier connected thereto, input electromagnetic means connected to the amplifier, and a tuned, magnetically responsive body, free of but in operative range of both the electromagnetic mean-s, serving as a band pass filter which is put in vibration when a selected frequency band is emitted by the input electromagnetic means and, by its vibration, energizes the output electromagnetic means to. </p>
<p>operate the light. </p>
<p> 9. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the signalling means includes a multiplicity of lights which are operably connected to a multiplicity of current generating coils which are responsive to differently tuned vibrational bodies. </p>
<p>References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 186,298 1/77 Bishop 84-464 667,541 2/01 Loring 84-464 1,323,943 12/ 19 Wilcox. 1,432,553 10/ 22 Hector 84-464 1,573,797 2/26 Beal et al. 181-32 1,654,068 12/27 Blattner 84-464 1,831,783 11/31 Ward 73-69 1,946,026 2/ 34 Lewis et al 84-464 1,977,997 10/34 Patterson 84-464 2,152,177 3/39 Eisenbeis et a1. 84-454 2,152,955 4/39 Coyne 84-464 X 2,153,800 4/39 Holmes 84-454 2,257,285 9/41 Sundt 84-454 2,393,225 1/46 Andalikiewicz 73-69 2,571,409 10/51 Beyers et al. 73-69 2,779,920 1/57 Petroif 84-464 X OTHER REFERENCES Publication, Colour Music, Sea, Land and Air, pages 417422. </p>
<p>LEO SMILOW, Primary Examiner. C. W. ROBINSON, LEYLAND MARTIN, Examiners. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-711771-A
|
US-1902107584-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2780297
| 1902-10-21
| 1902-05-16
| 1902-10-21
|
137/544.
| null |
Y10T137/794
|
KELLER WILLIAM H
|
Hose-coupling and automatic valve.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>No.v 711,771.- Patentedfoct. 2|, |902.A </p>
<p> w. H. KELLER. Y </p>
<p>HOSE CDUPLING ANDv AUTUMATIC VALVE. </p>
<p> (Appucatin med may 1e, 1902. ,1 (No Model.) </p>
<p>@ummm n I fw. y l 2 .l www, </p>
<p>ru: mams Ferias cof.gNoToLlmaM/Asnmcwu n c UNITED STATES ATENT FFIC'E. </p>
<p>WILLIAIVIH. KELLER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. </p>
<p>4HOSE-COUPLINGV AND AUTOMATIC VALVE. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 711,771, dated October 21, 1902. </p>
<p>Application filed May 16,1902. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Beit known that I, WILLIAM H. KELLER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Hose-Couplings and Automatic Valves, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> My invention consists of an improvement in hose-couplings and automatic stop-valves wherein I provide means controlled by the operator for opening the valve and means for automatically closing the same. </p>
<p> It further consists in novel details of construction, all as will be hereinafter fully set forth. </p>
<p> Figure 1 represents an elevation of a coupling embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectional view on line Fig. 1. Figs. 3, 4:, and 5 represent perspective views of portions of thecoupling in .detached position. Fig. 6 represents a partial side elevation and partial sectional view of a portion of a coupling, showing the valve in open position. </p>
<p> Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a casing which is adapted to receive a nipple 2, having the anged end 3 thereon and the passage 4 therethrough, the inner end of said nipple being molded out, as at v5. A suitable packing 6 is placed between the iiange 3 and the inner wall of the casing 1. </p>
<p> 7 designates a mesh or screen, which is placed at the inner end of the nipple 2 and is adapted to catch dirt and other foreign substances that may enter with the motive Huid. </p>
<p> 8 designates a spring, which is situated within the casing and bears against the screen 7 at one side and against a valve 9 at the other end, said valve having a suitable portion 10 thereon, which is adapted to bear against the seat 11, which is carried by a nut 12, the latter being screwed or otherwise secured to the casing 1, said valve being provided with suitable openings 13. </p>
<p> 14 designates a pipe or-nipple, which is adapted to be secured to the nut 12, said nipple having the passage 15, which communicates with the opening 16 at the inner end of Serial No. 107,584. (No model.) </p>
<p>said nipple, which is also provided with a nut l'for operating the same. It is evident that said nipple 14 can be secured to a machine, tool, or hose, as may be desired, and ,that the inner end of said nipple is adapted 'to abut against the valve 9. </p>
<p> The operation is as follows: The nipple 2 being suitably connected with a hose and the motive Iiuid turned on at any suitable point, the same can pass into said coupling, and as the valve 9 is properly seated and held there by the spring 8 no uid can escape. In addition, the pressure of the motive fluid itself will assist in holding the valve seated. When it is desired to couple a hose or to secure the same to a machine or tool to operate the same, the nipple 14 is properly connected thereto, and the operator byturning the casing 1 causes the nipple to bear against the vvalve 9 and force thesame from its seat, whereby the motive fluid .will pass through the ports 13 in the valve and through opening 16 and passage 15in the nipple 14 to the desired point. When it is desired to stop the motive fluid by a reverse movement of the casing 1, the valve 9 is automatically seated, since the nipple 14 no longer bears against the same, so that the motive liuid cannot pass through. l </p>
<p>It will,I be evident from the above that by 'flow of the motive fluid through the coupling can be adjusted according to requirements, since the valve can be moved more or less from its seat according to requirements. </p>
<p> It will be evident that various changes may be made by those skilled in the art which will come within the scope of my invention, and I do not,therefore,desire to be limited in every instance to the exact construction herein shown and described. </p>
<p> Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- </p>
<p> 1. In a hose-coupling, a casing, an inletpipe therefor, a valve-seat within said casing, a valve adapted to rest against said seat, a spring interposed between said valve and said inlet-pipe, and an outlet-pipe in threaded engagement with said casing, whereby the rotation and longitudinal movement of said cas- IOO ing relative to said outlet-pipe causes said valve to be unseated according to requirements. </p>
<p> 2. In a hose-coupling, a casing, an inletpipe therefor, a strainer through which said inlet-pipe discharges, a valve-seat Within said casing, a valve adapted to rest against said seat, a spring interposed between said valve and said inlet-pipe, and an outlet-pipe in threaded engagement With said casing,where by the rotation and longitudinal movement of said casing relative to said outlet-pipe causes said valve to be unseated according to requirements. </p>
<p> 3. In a coupling, a valve, a seat therefor, means for holding said valve against said seat, devices capable of both rotary and longitudinal movement controlled by the operator for moving the valve from said seat, and devices for retaining said valve in unseated position after the hand of the operator is removed therefrom. </p>
<p> 4. In a coupling, a casing, a valve therefor, a vspring holding said valve normally against its seat and a pipe having an opening therein adaptedto force said valve from its seat, said casing being rotatably mounted on said pipe whereby the rotation and longitudinal movement of said casing with respect to said pipe causes the latter to enter said casing and unseat said valve. </p>
<p> 5. In a device of the character named, a casing, an inlet-pipe therefor, the latter having a flanged end within said casing, a valveseat'within said casing, an apertnred valve adapted to rest against said seat, a spring interposed between said valve and iianged end, an outlet-pipe having a slotted end adapted to contact with said valve, and means Whereby the rotation and longitudinal movement of said casing relative to said outlet-pipe will unseat said valve according to requirements. </p>
<p> 6. In a device ofthe character named, a casing, an inlet-pipe having a flanged end located within said casing, a valve-seat within said casing, a valve consisting of a plate having portion adapted to contact with said seat, the outer portions of said valve having openings therethrough, a spring intermediate said valve and fianged end, a discharge-pipe upon which said casing is rotatably mounted, an end of said discharge-pipe being slotted and adapted to contact with said valve, and means whereby the rotation and longitudinal movement of said casing will cause the slotted end of said pipe to unseat said valve. </p>
<p>' 7. In a device of the character named, a casing, an'inlet-pipe havinga ange thereon, said ange being contained Within said casing, a packing-ring interposed between the latter and said flan ge, a valve contained Within said casing, a screen adapted to abut against said iange, a spring interposed between said screen and valve, openings in the outer portion of the latter, a nut in threaded engagement with said casing and adapted to serve as a valve-seat, and a nipple or dischargepipe in threaded engagement with said nut, </p>
<p>' said nipple having its end slotted and adapted to contact with said valveso that the latter will be unseated when said casing is rotated upon said nipple. </p>
<p> WILLIAM H. KELLER. Witnesses: </p>
<p>J oHN A. WIEDERSHEIM, WM. CANER WIEDnRsHnIM. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-444007-A
|
US-444007D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
2512901
| 1891-01-06
| null | 1891-01-06
|
210/242.1
| null |
B01D35/05
| null |
Apparatus for water-supply
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet I. </p>
<p> O. MONJEAU. APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY. </p>
<p>In 226 mior: 25%;. </p>
<p>Jiivnz eyn I I l P1! ||l|| HHHIHHMHH m w n m (No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 2,, </p>
<p>O. MONJEAU. </p>
<p>APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY. </p>
<p>No. 444,007. Patented Jan. 6, 1891. </p>
<p>lumen/Zonq cm 7K05ca1 ma norms pz'rzns co., more-Luna wnsmm'run, o. c. </p>
<p>(No Model.) Sheets-Shet 3. </p>
<p> G. MONJEAU; APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY. </p>
<p>No. 444,007. Patented Jan. 6 1891. </p>
<p>gawk 80: </p>
<p> Azzbrrwy. </p>
<p>n1: NORRIS Paved} 00,, mo'rmumo, msumqwn, o. c, </p>
<p>4 Sheets-Sheet 4. </p>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p> 0. MONJEAU. APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY. </p>
<p>No. 444,007. Patented Jan. 6, 1891. </p>
<p>lawn my UNITED STATES; PATEN OFFICE-*2: </p>
<p>. filter-such as a gravel-bar caisson or caissons, so as to rise and fall with APPARATUS FOR WATER-SUPPLY. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 444,007, dated January 6, 1891. </p>
<p>Application filed February 19, 1889. Serial No. 309,489. (No model.) </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern.- </p>
<p> 1 3e it known that I, CLEOPHAS MONJEAU, a c tizen of the United States, residing at Middletown, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods and Apparatus for Vater-Supply, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> My invention relates to an apparatus for obtalnlng a supply of pure water for domestic and other purposes for the use of cities, villages, manufacturing establishments, public instltutions, 62c. Heretotore in such cases, as a matter of engineering practice, so far as I am aware, wherever resort is had to streams as a source of supply no systematic filtration has been employed except where some natural existed, which offered special facilities; but in general settling-reservoirs are practically the sole means employed for purification of the general supply, and are obviously an unsatisfactory solu- 11011 of the problem. </p>
<p> Vithout further reference to the present state of the art as commonly understood and practiced, or pointing out in detail the disadvantages of the methods in use, which are well known, I may say that my invention, which is designed to obviate many or all the disadvantages of the methods in use, and may be employed as an adjunct to the svstem of settling-reservoirs, provides for the purification of water at the source of pumping supply-that is to say, at the reservoir, pond, lake, or stream whence the pumping-mains take their supply of water. </p>
<p> My invention may be said to consist, generally, in an apparatus for obtaining a pure water-supply for cities, towns, manufacturing establishments, public institutions, 850., from a reservoir, stream, lake, or other surface body of water, by the interposition between the pumping-mains and the source of supply of a system of filtering mouths or inlets arranged as an aggregation of integral elements,detachable for cleansing, repairing, renewing, &c. </p>
<p> I prefer to mount the system of filteringinlets (in one or more groups) upon a floating the varying surface level and draw the watersupply from a uniform depth; but in many cases flotation would not be required. </p>
<p> These being the general features of my invention, details will be more fully described in the following specification, and pointed out in the claims. </p>
<p> Mechanism embodying the mechanical features of my invention, by which the process may be carried into effect, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a floating caisson and series of submerged renewable filteringinlets, arranged for operation as adapted to the water-supply of cities; Fig. 2, a plan view of the apparatus; Fig. 3, a vertical cross-section; Fig. 4, a vertical cross-section of a similarly-organized apparatus, shown attached to and upheld by piling driven into the bottom of the stream or lake, &c.; Fig 5, a detail axial section of one of the filteringinlets; Fig. 6, a cross-section of same in the plane X of Fig. 5; and Figs. 7 and 8, crosssectionsof a modified form of the floating filter, exemplifying a cheaper construction adapted more particularly to manufacturing or other establishments, or to smaller villages. </p>
<p> Referring now to the drawings, (and premising that they illustrate but one type of many mechanical appliances for carrying the principle of my invention into practical operation,) A designates a stream supposed to be flowing in the direction of the arrow or; B, a pier or holding-abutment intended not only to hold the floating filtering apparatus against the current, but as a protection against ice, drift, &c.; and O, a floating filter held to the pier by a link 6, having a roller 0, adapted to ride vertically upon a guide d secured to the pier. </p>
<p> D designates the pumping-main secured upon the pier and extending to the pump, and connected with the filter O by expansionjoints 6 c to accommodate the rise and fall according to the stage of water in the stream. These parts are individually constructed in the ordinary manner and may be varied to suit the occasion. The filter C, as I have shown it in one of its preferred forms, consists, essentially, of a float provided with supports for a series of submerged filtering-in lets into which the pumping-main ramifies. In the present example it embodies two stout caissons 0' G (which are preferably made of boilenplates riveted together,) fm-ming air tight compartments to secure proper flotation. it is desirable to arrange them to constitute a catamaran with as little resistance to the current as possible, and braced apart by suitable girders and braces to support a series of submerged vertical parallel bars f, arranged in fore and aft vertical planes to present their thin edges to the current. These are suitably braced and secured together at the bottom by cross and strut braces and fore and aft tic-rods 71, and at the top by cross-ties g. </p>
<p> In the case illustrated in the drawings the described system of guides and braces is designed to accommodate four parallel series of filtering-inlets arranged in pairs at opposite sides of two branch pumping-mains 1) D connected to the main 1) by the described expansion-joints. These branches extend over the floor of the float t, above and between adjacent series of vertical guides f, and are provided with short side branches or months '1" at each pair of such guides, each such branch or mouth being provided with a stop cock or valve 1' and a pivoted retort yoke K. </p>
<p> The filtering-inlet E (shown more clearly in Fig. 5) is a vertical pipe provided at the upper end with a side mouth, and with side lugs Z above and below at each side, and is adapted to pass down and be held and guided by and between each pair of vertical guides f, and when in position its mouth is secured to the branch month t" by the yoke K and set-screw. </p>
<p> Each filtering-inlet E is preferably constructed as follows, in four parts, to wit: a cast-iron head at, an intermediate section or body portion a, which may be made of galvanized sheet-iron, a bottom piece 0 of castiron, and a central suction-pipe 1), these parts being severally constructed and arranged as follows: Thehead m is provided at each side with a pair of the guide-lugs Z, and at the top with a loop or eye 1' for convenience of lifting the filtering-inlet E out of its position in the series for repairs, cleaning, &c.,'and its side 1noutl1-flange is turned to a true face and recessed to receive the similar mouthi'lange of the inner pipe (presently to be described) and make a tight joint of all parts by the pressure of the screw-yoke K. The intermediate section is secured to the base of the part m in any convenient manner, as by rivets 0r screws 8 with a tight joint. The i11- termediate section a is preferably made of galvanized sheet-iron longitudinally corrugated, as shown in Fig. 6, and with one or more longitudinal series of minute perforations at the inner bends of the corrugations. Itissecuredbelow to the castbottom piece 0 in the same manner as to the head m above, and when in use an exterior cylinder z, of wiregauze, closely fitting upon the external bonds of the corrugations, is carried around the outside, and outside of this a further covering u, of filtering felt or suitable textile material, is placed, all being frcelyremovable forclcansing. The base-piece o is simply a lower "up and carries the bottom pairs of guide-lugs. The central pipep, which (though I prefer to use it) maybe dispensed witlncxtends within the part it nearly to the bottom, for the purpose of somewhat equalizing the action of the inward draft through the outer pores by drawing the supply from the bottom of the filter, and carries within it a lift check-valve p. \Yhen the inner pipe 7 is not used,the check-valve p is placed in the tube E at some point above the filtering inlets or apertures. Loose fibrous or a porous matcrial-such as charcoalmay be placed in the outer casing around the pipe 17. At its upper end it is terminated by a flange clamped between two ringpackings of the parts m and i. </p>
<p> In the general use of the apparatus it is designed to provide so great a number of filtering-mouths as to bring little or no additional strain upon the pumps, and also to permit a veryslow and cfficient action of each filter. The process of cleansing may go on eon tin ually by the attendant, who, closing one of the valves '1', unfastens the yoke K and swings it vertically over and out of position, and lifts out the filter E and cleanses it without in any way interfering with the action of the remainder of the series of filteringmouths. It will also be observed that by the arrangement of the filters E in series longitudinally with the current, and with fore and aft parallel open spaces between each two series, the CllllGl'lLllZtS full sweep around and against each filter, and thus to a certain exten t exerts a cleansing action. </p>
<p> The depth of the filtering-mouths may vary according to circumstances; but in general a maximum limit of fifteen feet is suggested. It is one of the advantages of the system that it takes the water sutliciently near the sur' face to get the full benefit of the purifying influences of sun and air, and at a median point free from all bottom slime as well as floating impurities at the surface. </p>
<p> I have shown and described the system of filtering-mouths carried upon a floating structure which in most cases is desirable; but it will be obviousthat the flotation of the filters is not essential, and that in many cases it would be unnecessary, especially where dams or other structures are provided to maintain the water at-a uniform surfacedevel. I have in Fig. 4 exhibited in the drawings a special adaptation of the apparatus to such conditions, as it practically involves only the omissions of the floating caissons and supporting the guide-frame upon a foundation of piling .2 .a', which will require no further description. </p>
<p> In order to show that the underlying principle of the system is not dependent upon any particular form or arrangement of its mechanical embodiment I have exhibited in Figs. 7 and 8 a simple and cheap apparatus adapted to the same uses, but more particularly i11- tended for the wants of manufacturing establishments and the like. It consists of a flat-- ICC boat or scow F, provided with a series of box-compartments w, fitted with air-tight removable covers '3 and perforated below through the bottom of the boat or entirely open below and provided with a Wire-gauzescreen bottom. Into the compartments project the filtering inlet-mouths E, such as already described, or simply screen-mouths, being there embedded in filtering material, such as sand, gravel, charcoal, or any suitable filtering material. The arrangement of the pumping main D, branch mouths 2", and filtering-inlets E is the same as already described. The compartments maybe extended below the bottom of the boat, if required. </p>
<p> The filtering-inlet B in any of the applications of my invention maybe a pipe of porous clay or stone, or of any other suitable material or construction. </p>
<p> I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. In a system of water-supply, the combination of'a pumping-station, a receiving-main, and a filter consisting of a number of submerged filtering terminals suspended from branches or extensions of the receiving-main carried wholly above the water-surface and detachable independently of each other from said extension-mains without interfering with the general operation of the filter, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> 2. The combination of a pumping-station, a receiving nain, branches or extensions of said main floated above the body of Water constituting the source of Water-supply, a series of independently-detachable submerged filtering months or terminals suspended from said extensions, and valves controlling the communication between said filtering terminals and the extension main or mains, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> 3. The combination of a pumping-station, receiving-main, branches or extensions of said main, a floating vessel or caisson carrying said extension above the Water-level, flexible pipes or pipe-joints connecting said receivingmain and extensions and adapted to permit the rise and fall of the caisson while preserving the pipe connections, a series of independent filtering months or terminals suspended from said extension-mains and submerged, connections for attaching and detaching said filtering terminals, and valves controlling the water connection between each said terminal and the extension-main independently. </p>
<p> 4. A filtering apparatus adapted to be floated upon or founded in a body of water constituting the source of supply, and embodying, essentially, the combination of a frame having a series of parallel guides extending into the body of water, an extension of the pumping-main carried upon and supported by said frame, and filtering-inlets adapted to be held by and upon said guldes and detachably and independently secured to said pumping-main extension, substantially as set forth. I </p>
<p> 5. A floating filter adapted to be carried upon a flowing stream, consisting, substantially, of one or more elongated boat-caissons, a frame-work supporting two or more series of vertical guides arranged in fore and aft planes submerged in the stream and carried upon said oaissons, one or more extensions of the pumping-main supported by said catssons above the water between the series of guides, and filtering terminals adapted to be held by and between the guides in fore and aft planes at both sides of the main extensions and detachably secured thereto, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> 6. The filtering terminal E, as constructed, consisting. substantially, of a cast head provided with guide-lugs and a flanged side mouth, a cast base piece or cap also provided with guide-lugs, and an intervening tube-section of perforated cast or sheet metal (preferably corrugated) and adapted to receive an outer casing of fibrous or textile filtering ma terial, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> 7. A filtering terminal embodying, in combination, a perforated tube adapted to be detachably secured to the pumping-main, an outer casing of filtering material, an inner tube extending approximately to the bottom 9 of the perforated tube, and a back-pressure valve seated in the inner tube, substantially as set forth. </p>
<p> In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. </p>
<p>. CLEOPHAS MONJEAU. </p>
<p>Witnesses: </p>
<p>L. M. HOSEA, E. L. KERR. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-953465-A
|
US-1908450841-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3021873
| 1910-03-29
| 1908-08-29
| 1910-03-29
|
126/112.
| null |
F24H3/00
|
HOWARD LINCOLN
|
Hot-air furnace.
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p> L. HOWARD. HOT AIR FURNACE. APPLICATION Hum AUG. 29, 190a. </p>
<p>Patented Mar. 29, 1910. </p>
<p>2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. </p>
<p>A p 1 p l \1 M 'IHM Hi 1 g 1W W M M W J @7) f\\ 11 K v :X V1 </p>
<p> g gg ak wfiw L. HOWARD. </p>
<p>HOT AIR FURNACE. </p>
<p> APPLIOATI'ON IILED AUG. 29, 190a. </p>
<p>953,465, Patented Mar.29, 1910. v I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. </p>
<p>IN VBN TOR a. z. z W </p>
<p>A TTORNE Y ANDREW k GRAHAM co.. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHERS. WASMINGYON. n c. </p>
<p>T FFTQ. </p>
<p>LINCOLN HOWARD, OF SAVANNAH, MISSOURI. </p>
<p>HOT-AIR FURNACE. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, LINooLN HOWARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Savannah, in the county of Andrew and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Hot-Air Furnace, of which the following is a specification. </p>
<p> The object of my invention is to provide a hot air furnace that by reason of its construction will both intensify the heat and economize fuel. </p>
<p> I accomplish my object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the furnace, the fire pot broken away, showing the interior thereof; Fig. 2 is a plan of the ash pit casting showing the draft opening; Fig. 8 is a plan of the lower fire pot casting, also showing draft opening; Fig. 4 is a plan of the upper fire potcasting showing draft ports in the same; Fig. 5 is a plan view of the corrugated heat radiating device, arrows indicating course of the smoke and heat gases; Fig. 6 is a cross section of the fire pot and outer band as seen on line mm in Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 is a cross section of the fire pot and a lower outer rear wall on line y in Fig. 1. </p>
<p> Similar letters refer to similar parts in the several views. </p>
<p>A is an outer jacket around the furnace. </p>
<p> B is the base which forms an ash pit B and supports the fire pot, combustion chamber walls, cap and radiator of the device. </p>
<p> 0 is a lower section of the fire pot and C an upper section of said fire pot. Said sections are respectively provided with flanges o and c. The top inner edge of flange c is provided with a groove 0 to receive the upper Section of the fire pot, thus making a complete fire pot. The top of the outer edge of said flange is provided with a similar groove 0 in which a curved band D fits, forming a space D around said upper section of the fire pot. The outer edge of flange 0 is rovided with a lower groove 0 to receive the upper edge of band D, and with an upper groove 0 to receive that see- Specification of Letters Patent. </p>
<p>Application filed. August 29, 1908. </p>
<p>Patented Mar. 29, 1910. </p>
<p>Serial No. 450,841. </p>
<p>' tion of the combustion chamber wall H to which is fastened, or cast, the diaphragm check draft M. </p>
<p> h is a supporting groove cast on section H of the combustion chamber. </p>
<p> I is an upper section of the combustion chamber wall. </p>
<p> I is a deep cap to the upper section of the wall of the combustion chamber, as shown in Fig. 5, and is cast as a part of the radiator J; it also serves as a cavity, or passage, through which heat produced by the burning of gas and smoke passes from the combustion chamber to said radiator. </p>
<p> K is a draft door and K is a draft tube formed by a part of band D. The draft admitted through the draft door K and draft tube K passes through said space D and becomes highly heated in passing to the rear of the fire pot, the larger part passing thence through a plurality of ports L L in the back part of the flange o of the fire pot into the combustion chamber under the dia phragm check draft M where it is forced to mingle with and burn the gases and smoke coked out of the fuel, while the smaller part passes down through a semi-circular opening N, as shown in Fig. 3, in the flange at the back part of the section 0 of the fire pot; thence down through a similar opening N, as shown in Fig. 2, in the rear of base B; thence up through the grate Z) to start and keep up the coking and gas making process. </p>
<p> 0 is a curved iron band, as shown in Fig. 7, joining the flange of section C of fire pot to base B forming a passage for so much of the draft as goes down through the semicircular openings N and N. The inner wall of said radiator is perfectly smooth while the outer wall is corrugated, as shown in Fig. 5, for the dual purpose of causing the heat to rebound from side to side and to increase the radiating surface. </p>
<p> The air heated in draft tube K passes from the tube into the space around the fire pot. Here its temperature continues to increase; it is then ready to be admitted to the fire and enters the combustion chamber at the rear through openings L L in the flange in the back part in the upper section of the fire pot. The volume of air thus admitted has been greatly expanded by its rise in temperature and rushes into the large combustion chamber with great force. By means of the diaphragm check draft this preheated air is deflected toward the fire and forced to mingle with the combustible smoke and gases arising from the fuel. The amount of draft passing downward is only suflicient to keep the fire alive and keep up the coking and gas making process. </p>
<p> I reserve the right to make the radiator in one or two pieces, and from either cast iron or steel and to make any alterations in my device that are merely mechanical. </p>
<p> What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is </p>
<p> 1. The combination in a hot air furnace, of a base provided with a semi-circular opening at the rear, a lower section of fire pot supported on said base and an outwardly projected flange thereon provided with a semi-circular opening therein and inner and outer grooves on the top thereof, an upper section of fire pot seated in said inner groove and an outwardly projected flange thereon provided with a plurality of ports therein and upper and lower grooves at the outer edge thereof, an outer curved band spaced from said upper section of the fire pot, a lower curved iron band spaced from said lower section of the fire pot said upper band being seated in the groove in the outer edge of the flange on the lower section of the fire pot and the groove underneath the outer edge of the flange on the upper section of the fire pot, said lower curved band joining the outer edge of the flange of the lower section of the fire pot and the base, said space between the upper section of the fire pot and the upper curved band forming a chamber around the fire pot through which the draft passes, a part of the heated air passing up through said ports in the flange in the upper section of the fire pot while a part of the heated air passes down through the semicircular opening in the flange on the lower section of the fire pot and thence through a similar opening in the top of the rear of the base into said base and up through the grate, a draft tube formed by a projection of said upper band, a lower section of the combustion chamber wall seated in the top groove in the flange in said upper section of the fire pot, a baffle plate integral with the inside of said section of combustion chamber wall, a cap forming a fire pot dome and a radiator having connection with said dome through which radiator heat from the combustion chamber passes, substantially as described and shown. </p>
<p> 2. The combination in a hot air furnace of a base having a grate and an ash pit provided with a semi-circular opening rear ward of the grate, a lower fire pot section supported by said base having a semi-circular opening and an outwardly extending flange at the top thereof said flange being provided with an upper and lower groove upon the periphery of the upper and lower faces thereof and a groove at the upper, inner edge thereof, an upper fire pot sect-ion seated in said upper inner groove having an outwardly extending flange at the top thereof said flange also being provided with an upper and lower groove upon the periphery of the upper and lower faces thereof, a supporting member seated on said base engaging with the lower groove upon the periphery of the lower face of the lower fire pot section flange, a curved band spaced from the upper fire pot section seated in the groove on the upper face of said periphery of the flange of said lower fire pot section and engaging with the groove on the lower face of the upper section fire pot flange periphery, a lower section of the combustion chamber wall supported in the groove on the upper face of said upper fire pot section flange periphery and provided with a supporting groove cast integral on the outside thereof, an upper section of combustion chamber wall seated in said supporting groove, a baffle plate rigid with the lower part of the combustion chamber wall, a draft tube formed by a projection of said curved band a draft door at the front end of said tube and means for carrying off the products of combustion, substantially as shown and set forth. </p>
<p> 3. A hot air furnace comprising the necessary draft and smoke inlets and outlets, a base, a fire pot consisting of upper and lower sections the upper section being provided with an outward flange having a groove in the upper face of its periphery, a lower section of rear combustion chamber wall seated in said groove said section of wall having a supporting groove integral therewith upon its outer surface, an upper sect-ion of combustion chamber wall seated in said groove on the lower section of wall and a bafiie plate carried on the top edge of the lower section of the combustion chamber wall, substantially as shown and set forth. </p>
<p> 4. In a hot air furnace having the necessary draft inlets and outlets the combination with a base therefor, a fire pot provided at the top with an outward flange having a groove on the upper face of its periphery, a grate at the base of said fire pot, a radiator and the cap thereof, of a section of the combustion chamber wall seated in said groove and provided with a horizontal groove on its rear surface, an upper section of combustion chamber wall seated in said horizontal groove and extending upward and forward into In testimony whereof I afiix my signature connection with said radiator and a baffle in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>plate carried on the top edge of the section of combustion chamber wall having said LINCOLN HOWARD groove on its rear surface, said baffle plate Witnesses: bearing upwardly and forwardly over said O. S. PAYNE, fire pot substantially as described. I T. O. HAWKINS. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2837319-A
|
US-44670754-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23773558
| 1958-06-03
| 1954-07-30
| 1958-06-03
|
366/107.
|
A23B7/10
|
A23B7/105
|
MCBEAN DOUGLAS M
|
Sauerkraut processing apparatus
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>2 Shegts-Sheet 1 D. M. MOBEAN ETAL SAUERKRAUT PROCESSING APPARATUS um um aw mum N .r 5 0 N m w L 0 Y B N mm, 4 L 4% Q am June 3, 1958 Filed July so. 1954 ATTORNEY i D. M. M BEAN ETAL SAUERKRAUT PROCESSING APPARATUS June 3, 1958 2 Sheetssh 2 Filed July 30. 1954 IN V EN TOR. DOUGL AND LAl/R 45 M mesa/v ewes a. mum v ATTORNEY United States Patent '0 SAUERKRAUT PROCESSING APPARATUS Douglas M. McBean, Rochester, and Laurence C. Tallman, Churchville, N. Y., assignors to McBean Research Corporation, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application July 30, 1954, Serial No. 446,707 </p>
<p>11 Claims. (Cl. 259-95) The present invention relates to canning. apparatus and more particularly to a soaking and filler feed tank for use with machines for canning sauerkraut. </p>
<p> In making sauerkraut cabbage. is shredded andsalted, then placed in. a vat or cask and allowed to soak in the brine for several months before being canned. When the kraut is removed from the fermenting vat to be processed for canning, a substantial portion of it is usually lumped and knotted together; especially the kraut near the bottom of the vat. Theseknotted lumps of kraut cause a serious canning problem; for unless these knots and lumps are thoroughly unravelled it is impossible to sterilize the kraut completely, for the sterilizing steam is unable to penetrate to the cores of these lumps. As a result when the kraut is canned, some cans contain kraut Which is wholly 'or partially unsterilized. Fermentation continues within these cans; the pressure build-up bulges the cans; and the kraut. in them is unfit for consumption. As a result there is not only a sizeable loss to the canner, wholesaler, or retailer, but damage to the reputation of the trademark under which the kraut is sold. 1 </p>
<p> Numerous. attempts havebeen made to overcome this problem. One practice is. to dump the kraut into a breakup tank and to paddle the kraut in this tank before feeding it into the sterilizer. In paddling the kraut large paddles which project into the break-up tank, move back and forth, breaking up, the. lumps of kraut, However, it. has been found that this. makes, mainly, small lumps out of large ones and does not thoroughly loosen the kraut. Furthermore, the paddles tend to tear the shreds or threads of kraut. This is a particularly undesirable result because the type'of kraut in greatest commerical demand is long thread kraut. </p>
<p> Another problem with'tbe. conventional break-up tank is that of feeding the kraut. from the break-up tank into the sterilizer at an even, uniform rate so that the canning machine can be runat its peak production capacity. One feeding device, that is conventionally used, is a rotatable steel drum partially submerged. at one end of the breakup tank. This drum is equipped with numerous projecting spikes which pick the kraut. out of the brine .as the drum rotates and deliver the. kraut onto an endless belt for conveyance to the canning machine. This drum has. several deficiencies. Means must. be provided to re.- move the kraut from the spikes so that it will drop onto the. conveyor. The kraut tends to become lodged. between the drum and the tank and, unless removed, will turn brown and decay. Therefore the tank and drum require frequent cleaning. Furthermore, the knotted lumps of kraut tend to sink in the brine out. of the reach of the drum spikes, where they remain until manually removed. </p>
<p>. The primary object of the present invention is to provide means for completely breaking up and separating sauerkraut after it is removed from the fermentation vat and before feeding it into the sterilizer. </p>
<p>Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus "ice which will break up and separate knotted sauerkraut without tearing the threads of kraut. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to provide. a breakup and feed tank for separating and breakingxup sauerkraut which so operates that the sauerkraut will be prevented from becoming lodged in the tank during the break-up and feeding process. </p>
<p> Another object of the invention is to provide a breakup and feed tank of the character described having novel means for efficiently removing sauerkraut from the tank at an even and uniform rate. </p>
<p> Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter frornthe specification and from the recital of the appended claims. </p>
<p>In the drawings: </p>
<p> Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an improved break-up and feed tank constructed. according to one embodiment 0 this invention; </p>
<p>Fig. 2 is a plan view of this tank; </p>
<p>Fig. 3 is a longitudinal, vertical section of the tank; </p>
<p> Fig. 4 is a transverse, vertical section through the tank taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3 and looking in thedirection of the arrows; and </p>
<p> Fig. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary section taken on lines 55 in Fig. l and looking in the direction of the arrows Referring now tothe drawings by numerals of reference, 1t] denotes a generally rectangular water-tight tank which may be constructed of water-proof plywood,- or other suitable material. This tank comprises a bottom or base 20, two parallel side walls 21 and 22, a forward wall 34, front braces or supports 23, and a rear wall 24. For supporting the tank 10 off and above the floor, longitudinal and transverse support planks 25, 26 are provided. Vertically disposed, spaced studding '27 is pro-- vided to reinforce the side walls and these are braced by braces 23 (Fig. 4) each of which seats at oneend against the studdingand at its opposite end against the transverse planks 26. </p>
<p> Within. the tank 10 is a steel bafile plate 30 (Fig. 3.) which is slanted upwardly at approximately a 45 angle. and toward the front supports 23. One end. of the plate 30 has a flange portion 31, projecting rearwardly, which may be secured to the base 20 of the tank by screws or in any other desired manner. The. opposite end of the plate has a similar flange 32 which projects forwardly. </p>
<p>As shown in Fig. 3., the top of this plate is below the, </p>
<p>top of the tank. It extends transversely ofv the tank from side to side of the; tank. </p>
<p> The forward wall 34,-slanted at substantially the same angle as the plate 3iland afiixed to the sides of the tank, runs from the base 20' to the tops of the forward supports 23. The bafde plate 3d and wall 34 createa compartment 35 within-the tank which is: separate from the sec.- tion 36. of the tank that is bounded by the rear wall24 and the .baflle plate 30. Spanning between the top of the baffle plate 30 and the top of wall 34 is a fine metal screen orperforated plate 38 which runs parallel to the base: 20 for a portion of. its. length. and then curves upwardly to. its juncture with the top of wall 3.4. The plate 39 and screen 38 are. maintained-in position and. sup portedby the wooden brace members 37 that are secured to: the sides of the tank. </p>
<p> A pump 4ll'with a capacity of aboutlOOgallons perminute, is connected to one side. 21 of the tank between the bafile plate 30 and wall 34. The flange of the pipe-- connection with the suction side of this pump is denoted at 39 (Fig. l); and the pipe connection itself is shown. </p>
<p>is. connected through, the pipes. 42, 43. and. 44 (Figs. 2, 3 </p>
<p>and 4) to a series of nozzles 45 which are disposed parallel to one another across the width of the rear end of the tank section 36 adjacent the bottom thereof. The pipe 41 is also connected with a vertical pipe 47 which, in turn, is connected through a horizontal pipe 48 to a second series of nozzles 46 which are disposed to extend upwardly in a direction parallel to the bafiie plate 30. </p>
<p> Projecting into the section 36 of the tank 10 adjacent its rear side is a pipe 50 for delivering compressed air to the tank. This pipe runs vertically parallel to the wall 24. It is connected at its bottom to a pipe or manifold 51 that extends horizontally parallel to the base 20, ending at a point just short of the baflie plate 30. The pipe or manifold 51 is in communication with a plurality of parallel conduits 52, spaced along the base 20 and extending parallel thereto. These conduits are provided with numerous fine air holes in their lower sides. A compressed air line is connected with pipe 50 so that compressed air flows through pipes 50, 51 and 52, and the air holes in pipes 52, into the tank section 36. </p>
<p> One size tank that has been constructed according to this invention is twelve feet in overall length, six feet two and a half inches in length from the rear wall 24 to the bottom of the bafiie plate 30, seventeen and one half inches wide between the side walls 21 and 22, and three feet deep. This tank is adapted to be filled with cold brine to a depth to slightly lap over that portion of the screen 38 which runs parallel to the base 20. About one ton of sauerkraut may be dumped into a tank section 36 of the size described. Due to the forward direction of flow ofwater from the nozzles 45 and the upward direction of flow of water from the nozzles 46, and to the suction of the pump attached to chamber 35 by flange 39, and due to the agitation produced by the compressed air flowing from pipes 52, the kraut is rolled round and round and agitated and the threads of kraut are separated from one another and carried upwardly over baflie plate 30 and onto screen or drain plate 38. The water draining from the kraut through the perforations in the screen falls into chamber 35 and is returned by the pump to pipe 41 for use again. The pump causes a continuous circulation of the water in the tank, the water being pumped out of tank section 36 over the metal bathe plate 30 and through screen 38 back into the section 36 of the tank at the bottom thereof in the entering portion of the tank where the kraut is dumped into the tank. The nozzles 46 may be omitted, if desired, but are preferably used because they help force the kraut up and over the bathe 30 into the spaces between the rakes that rake the kraut off the screen. </p>
<p>The kraut is adapted to be raked off the screen 38 by rakes 60 (Fig. which are fastened at opposite lateral ends to two parallel endless chains 62. The tines of these rakes are denoted at 61. The chains 62 travel over two pairs of sprockets 63, one pair of sprockets being secured to a shaft 64 in axially spaced relation; and the other pair of sprockets being secured to a shaft 65 in cor-- responding axially spaced relation. The shaft 64 is journaled in pillow blocks 66 which are secured to a frame 67 mounted on top of the tank and the shaft 65 is journaled in pillow blocks 68 which are also secured to the frame 67. </p>
<p> Shaft 65 is driven by a motor (not shown), a belt 70, and a pulley 71. The pulley 71 is secured to a shaft 72, which is parallel to the shaft 65. The shaft 72 is journaled in pillow blocks 73 secured to the frame 67. Secured to the shaft 72 is a spur pinion 74 which meshes with a spur gear 75 that is secured to the sprocket shaft 65. The rotation of the shafts 72 and 65 and of the sprockets 63, are synchronized with the operation of the canning machine so that kraut is raked from the screen 38 only in quantities that can be handled by the machine. The lower reach of belt 62 is so positioned that the tines mounted thereon are positioned just above the surface of the screen 38 (Fig. 5) to rake it clean during operation and to keep it from clogging. A conveyor belt, not </p>
<p>shown, may receive the kraut as it is raked off the screen and convey it to the canning machine. </p>
<p> While the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment thereof, it is capable of various modifications and uses, and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such deparatures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and as fall within the scope of the invention or the limits of the appended claims. </p>
<p>Having thus described our invention what we claim is: </p>
<p> 1. Apparatus for'processing sauerkraut comprising a tank having a rear end and a forward end, a liquid impervious baffle plate in said tank dividing it into a rear section and a forward section, the top of said baffle plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depthlevel higher than the height of said baffle plate, a perforated member spanning said tank from the top of said baflie plate to the top of the forward end of said tank and through which liquid may drain into said forward sec tion, means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over said bafile plate and onto said perforated member, means within the rear section of said tank for agitating said liquid while depth-level higher than the height of said baflie plate, a </p>
<p>screen spanning said tank from the top of said baflile plate to the top of the forward end of said tank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over said baffle plate and onto said screen, means within the rear section of said tank for supplying air under pressure to said liquid to agitate the liquid and the kraut therein. </p>
<p> 3. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut, comprising a tank having a rear end and a forward end, a liquid impervious baffle plate in said tank dividing it into a rear section and a forward section, the top of said bafile plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depthlevel higher than the height of said bafile plate, a perforated member spanning said tank from the top of said baffle plate to the top of the forward end of said tank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank over said baffle plate and onto said perforated member, said means comprising a pump, piping and a series of outlet nozzles, said nozzles being positioned in the rear section of said tank at the bottom thereof and directed toward the forward section of said tank. </p>
<p> 4. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut, comprising a tank having a rear and a forward end, a liquid impervious inclined baffle plate in said tank dividing it into a rear section and a forward section, the top of said baffle plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and a liquid to a depth-level higher than the height of said baflie plate, a perforated member spanning said tank from the top of said baffie plate to the top of the forward end of said tank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank over said baffle plate and onto said perforated member, said means comprising a pump, piping and two sets of outlet nozzles, said sets of outlet nozzles being mounted in the rear section of said tank, one set of said nozzles being positioned adjacent and parallel to the bottom of said tank at the rear end thereof and directed toward the forward end of said tank, the other set of nozzles being positioned on the bottom of said tank adjacent said bafile plate and extending upwardly parallel thereto. </p>
<p> 5. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank having a rear and a forward end, a liquid impervious baffle plate in said tank dividing it into a rear section and a forwad section, the top of said bafile plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depth-level higher than the height of said baffie plate, a perforated member spanning said tank from the top of said bafiie plate to the top of the forward end of said tank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over said baflle plate and onto said perforated member, means within the rear section of said tank for agitating said liquid while it is circulating, said agitating means being positioned in the rear section of said tank adjacent the bottom thereof, and comprising a plurality of conduits connected to a source of compressed air, said conduits being parallel to the base of said tank and having a plurality of outlet holes through which air is ejected into said liquid. </p>
<p> 6. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank having a rear and a forward end, a liquid impervious inclined baflie plate in said tank dividing it intoa rear section and a forward section, the top of said baffle plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depth-level higher than the height of said baffle plate, a screen spanning said tank from the top of said baffie plate to the top of the forward end of said tank and through which the liquid may drain into said forward section, means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over said baffle plate and onto said screen, means within the rear section of said tank for agitating said liquid while it is circulating, said circulating means comprising a pump, piping and a series of outlet nozzles, said outlet nozzles being positioned in the rear section of said tank adjacent the bottom thereof and directed toward the forward section of said tank, said agitating means comprising a manifold positioned in the rear section of said tank and connected to a source of compressed air, and a plurality of conduits extending from said manifold, said conduits being adjacent and parallel to the base of said tank and having a plurality of outlet holes through which air is ejected into said liquid. </p>
<p> 7. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted to hold kraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall, and a pair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a baffle plate disposed across said tank between said rear and said forward walls and dividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, said baflle plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below the top of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottom to its top, a foraminous member extending forwardly of the tank from said baffle plate and through which liquid may drain 6 into said forward section, said tank being adapted to be filled with kriaut and liquid to a level above the top of said baffle plate, means for pumping liquid ont of said forward section into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof, and means fors'upplying compressed air into inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottom to its top, </p>
<p>. a foramionus member extending forwardly of the tank from said baffle plate and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a level above the top of said hafile plate, means for pumping liquid out of said forward section into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof, and means for supplying compressed air into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof to agitate the liquid and kraut therein. </p>
<p> 9. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted to hold kraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall, and a pair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a baffle plate disposed across said tank between said rear and said forward Walls and dividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, said baffle plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below the top of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottom to its top, a foraminous plate extending forwardly of the tank from said bafile plate and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a level above the top of said baflie plate, means for pumping liquid out of said forward section and into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof and including a nozzle disposed in said rear section adjacent the rear and bottom of said rear section and directed forwardly, and means for supplying compressed air into said rear section to agitate the liquid and kraut therein. </p>
<p> 10. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted to hold kraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall, and a pair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a baffle plate disposed across said tank between said rear and said forward walls and dividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, said baffle plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below the top of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottom to its top, a foraminous plate extending forwardly of the tank from said baffle plate and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a level above the top of said baffie plate, means for pumping liquid out of said forward section and into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof and including a nozzle disposed in said rear section adjacent said bafile plate and adjacent the bottom of said rear section and directed upwardly generally parallel to said baffle plate, and means for supplying compressed air into said rear section to agitate the liquid and kraut therein. </p>
<p> 11. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted to hold kraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall, and a pair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a bafile plate disposed across said tank between said rear and said forward walls and dividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, said baffie plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below the top of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottom to its top, a foraminous plate extending forwardly of the tank from said bafile plate and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a level above the top of said baffle plate, means for pumping liquid out of said forward section and into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof and including a plurality of nozzles disposed in said rear section adjacent the rear and bottom thereof and directed forwardly and a plurality of nozzles disposed in said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof and said baffie plate and directed forwardly and upwardly generally parallel to said bafiie plate, and means for supplying compressed air into said rear section to agitate the liquid and kraut therein. </p>
<p>References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS McTaggart I an. 28, 1930 Cowles Feb. 3, 1931 Skinner July 22, 1941 Nielsen Aug. 11, 1942 Dishauzi Aug. 7, 1945 Terrell Jan. 15, 1952 </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-2337534-A
|
US-39805941-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
23573829
| 1943-12-28
| 1941-06-14
| 1943-12-28
|
368/226.
|
G01J1/14
|
G01J1/14
|
BARBER ALFRED W
|
Device for indicating exposure time of printed pages
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>-De.2s,1943. A W` BARBER $37,534 </p>
<p>DEVICE FR INDICATING EXPOSURE TIME 0F PRINTED PAGES Filed June 14, 1941 INVENTOR Patentedv Dee. 2s, 1943 DEVICE FOR INDICATING EXPOSURE TIME OF PRINTED PAGES Alfred W. Buben-Flushing, N. Y. </p>
<p>Application June 14, 1941, Serial No. 398,059 </p>
<p>' (ci. .a5-1) 6 Claims. </p>
<p>The present invention relates to reading time tests and in particular to a photographic device Avide means for determining Athe time a reader spends on each page of a magazine by indicating and recording the time or relative time the page is exposed to light. </p>
<p> Another object is to increase the accuracy of such a device by breaking up the total time into predetermined periods. </p>
<p> Still another object is to equalize the results obtained by daylight with those obtained by articial light. </p>
<p> These and other objects will be apparent from the detailed description of the invention given in connection with the various figures of the drawing. </p>
<p> In the past it has been necessary to watch a subject and to time him with a stopwatch in crder to nd out how much time he spends in reading various pages of books, magazines, etc. </p>
<p>It will at once be appreciated that if something could be placed on a page of a book or magazine which would automatically record the time spent in reading the page that a great deal of time and expense would be saved in making reading time surveys. The present invention concerns a device for recording reading time over wide limits of time, to a high degree of accuracy and inexpensively. Briefly the device consists in a variable density wedge covering a photo-sensitive surface. The photo-sensitive surface is preferably sensitized in the yellow or green portions of the spectrum; it has a steep characteristic curve; and it is provided with an opaque backing. The wedge is dyed to make it selectively transmit yellow or green light corresponding to the color sensitivity of the photo-sensitive surface in order to equalize the readingsobtained byl identifying naraliv; A </p>
<p>r In thedrawing:V .A .l </p>
<p>ig. 1 shwsone form may bev markedjwiththe page nuinbke'ruor, 4other Fig.- 2 shows oneforrn o f photosensitive S311",- </p>
<p>face. </p>
<p>The paper vsupportfof the phtosensitivesurface wedge. </p>
<p> Fig. 3 shows one form of variable wedge. </p>
<p>Fig. 4 shows one form of mounting. </p>
<p>Fig. 5 shows a second form of wedge. </p>
<p> Fig. 6 shows the wedge combination attached to a magazine page. </p>
<p>Fig. 7 shows ari alternate form of wedge. </p>
<p> Fig. 8 shows still another alternate form of wedge. </p>
<p> Fig. 9 shows a detail of alternate wedge positions on magazine pages. </p>
<p> Fig. 10 shows the record obtained according to one form of the invention. </p>
<p> In Fig. 1 is shown a circular piece of opaque material vfor backing the photo-sensitive surface to prevent light from the other side of the page from affecting the reading. This backing may conveniently be a piece of thin black paper. The effect of the backing may also be obtained by coating the back of the photo-sensitive surface support or the page to which the combination is attached with opaque material such as black printers ink. </p>
<p> In Fig. 2 is `shown photo-sensitive surface which may be on any convenient support such as thin paper. The photo-sensitive surface is preferably dye-sensitized or otherwise rendered highly sensitive 11o-green or yellow light so that it will respond readily to artificial light and minimize the effect of daylight especiallyfthe blue or ultra-violet. Tabulation of the records obtained may be simplified if a photo-sensitive surdensity face having a steep characteristic curve is used since the exposure steps will be thereby madey more definite. </p>
<p>In Fig. 3 is shown one form of variable density The wedge may be made most conveniently by exposing sectors of a disc of photographic lm by Varying amounts. When the film is developed and fixed, sectors of varying density are produced. The density of the various sec'- Y tors, their number, and total vdensityrange is determined yby the time intervals to be recorded. For instance, if the ljtime interval kratiobetween each step is two to one, 'the density of the sectors should diler by 0.3. `Again, if the :lowest-time interval is 2l seconds.E 4 seconds, Sseconds; -16 sec'- onds, v3 2 `seconds and; 64' seconds may -berecorded yonfa six-sector wedge.- yInqpracticeit has y.been </p>
<p>found possible to cover4 a total 1 timex: .zrangeil of 1000l to1` with asinglawedge zand photossensi'- tive surface-and withZ 12;orfmore intervals. The </p>
<p>v,variable density wedge vmay. be l:,dyedf,or-.rnradel on a dyed ysupport which-transmitsl yellowfoi'r-green light corresponding to the sensitivity maximum of the photo-sensitive surface. The wedge color` transmission and the photo-sensitive surface response combine to equalize the record produced by daylight with that produced by artiicial light. Without this provision the usual photo-sensitive surface is highly sensitive to blue and ultra-vlolet light and daylight would give an abnormally high reading in the record. </p>
<p> Fig. 4 shows one device for attaching the wedge and photo-sensitive surface combination to the magazine page. It may be a piece of transparent adhesive, or may be dyed like the wedge. </p>
<p>Fig. 5 shows a variable density Wedge which' is a modified form of the form shown in Fig. 3 enlarged to show more detail. This wedge has six sections, namely, 4, 5, 6, '1, 8 and 9. Section 4 has very low density, say about 0.1 while the density of each of the other steps is increased in denite proportion. Thus, section 5 may have a density of 0.4, section 6 of 0.7, section l of 1.0 etc. </p>
<p> Fig. 6 shows how the photo-sensitive surface 2, placed over the backing piece l andunder the wedge 3, may be attached to a magazine page l l by the adhesive l0. The adhesive I may be colored to selectively transmit yellow or green light, in addition to, or in place of, the dyeing of the wedge. The combination may also be attached to the page by omitting adhesive l0 and attaching the various pieces together and to the page with a suitable liquid adhesive.v Mucilage has been found to be a suitable adhesive and the device may be taken apart after use for development and tabulation by soaking in water. A number corresponding to the page number or other identifying mark may be placed on the back of the photo-sensitive surface support. </p>
<p> Fig. '7 shows an alternate form of wedge in which the sections of variable density are rectangular. </p>
<p> Fig. 8 shows another alternate form of the invention in which a photo-sensitive surface I is partially covered with a single density wedge I6. This provides two ranges of light reaching the sensitive surface and may be useful where only two ranges or a narrow range ottime is to be recorded. IThe record scale may be extended by the use of a photo-sensitive surface having an extended exposure range. </p>
<p> Fig. 9 shows a magazine having adjacent pages 1T and 18. One wedge and photo-sensitive surface combination i9 is shown mounted on the inside edge or trough of the page. This position is useful where articial lighting is received on the page at an acute angle and daylight at an obtuse angle since more shadow is cast and less exposure is produced at the obtuse angle tending to reduce the daylight values -to those obtained with articial light. At 20 is shown another wedge and photo-sensitive surface combination near the outer edge of the page. This position yields more uniform record results from uniform light conditions since fewer shadows are cast. </p>
<p> Fig. 10 shows a typical record produced by the reading time device of the present invention. The photo-sensitive surface 2 has been exposed on the page of a magazine and has been developed and fixed. The record shows a totally exposed section 2I which is full black, and a partially exposed section 22 partially exposed. This shows that the page on which this photo-sensitive surface was used was read more than the time indicated by the nrst wedge step and less than the time of the third wedge step. It also indicates that the time 'was within the second step interval which, for instance, might be 2 to 4 seconds. Comparison with a calibrated meter for the photo-sensitive surface might show that theactual exposure was 3.5 seconds. </p>
<p> While a proper choice of steps, the equalization of daylight exposures to those of artificial light, and a proper choice of a photo-sensitive surface provide fair results, it is important that the development and xing of the exposed surinveniton are individually modified by the lnvtensity of the reading light. </p>
<p> However, it has been found that a large percentage of reading is done under light quite close to the average. While a single sample of reading time taken according to the present invention may be in error, the error is eliminated by taking the average of a number of samples. In general, suflicient accuracy for most purposes maybe obtained with as few as samples. </p>
<p> While one embodiment and affew modications of the present invention have been shown and described, many modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. </p>
<p>What is claimed is: </p>
<p> 1. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between a plurality of pages of an article has been-open to light, a piece of photosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variable density wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material, and holding means securing said variable density wedge to said page in said superimposed positionA 2. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between a plurality of pages of an article has been open to light, a piece of photosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variable density Wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material, holding means securing said variable density wedge to saidpage in said superimposed position, and opaque backing material disposed between said piece of photosensitive material and the face of said page. </p>
<p> 3. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a. page between a plurality of pages of a article has been open to light, a piece of photosensitive 'material disposed on the face of Said page, a variable density wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material, and holding means securing said variable density wedge to said page in said superimposed position, the means comprising a cap disposed over and enclosing said piece of transparent material and said variable density wedge, the edges of the cap being secured to the face of the page, at least the portion of the cap overlying said wedge being substantially transparent. </p>
<p> 4. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between a plurality of pages of an article has been open to light, a piece of photosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variable density wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensiitve material, and holding means securing said variable density wedge to said page in said superimposed position, the photosensitive material being sensitized primarily toI a predetermined` color, the variable density wedge being formed to pass said color only. </p>
<p> 5. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between a plurality of pages of an article has been open to light, a piece ofl photosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variable density wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material, holding means securing said fvariable density wedge'to said page in said superimposed position, and lter means for reducing the transmission of a predetermined type of light also superposed over said piece of photosensitive material, the piece of photosensitive material, wedge, and filter means all being secured to said page .by said holding means. i </p>
<p> 6. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time two or more pages of an article comprising a plurality of printed pages have been open to light, a pair of devices respectively disposedv on the adjacent faces of two adjacent pages, each device comprising a sheet of opaque backing material disposed over its respective page, a sheet of photosensitive material disposed over the sheet of backing material, a sheet of material forming a variable density wedge disposed over the sheet of photosensitive material, and means securing said sheets to their respec` tive pages superposed in the order named. </p>
<p>ALFRED W. BARBER. </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1433570-A
|
US-1433570D-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
3402743
| 1922-10-31
| null | 1922-10-31
|
362/187.
|
F21L4/00
|
F21L4/00
| null |
Battery hand lamp
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>F. G. STMSON. </p>
<p>BATTERY HAND LAMP. </p>
<p>APPLlcATloN FILED ocT. </p>
<p>Patented Oct. 31, 1922; </p>
<p>/N VENTO/e ams an, </p>
<p>e929?! y W A TTORNE Y Patented Oct. 3l, 1922. </p>
<p>UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. </p>
<p>FRANK G. STIMSON, OF NEW HAVEN, Cl'.)NNECICU'I7 ASSIGNOR TO WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS COMPANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT. </p>
<p>BATTERY HAND LAMP, </p>
<p>Application filed October 20, 1921. </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern: </p>
<p> Be it known that I, FRANK G. STIMsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Haven, in the county of New l-laven, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Battery Hand Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. </p>
<p> The present invention relates to battery hand lamps of the type in which the distribution of light from the lamp can be altered to suit the needs of the user. </p>
<p> In accordance with the present invention, the reliector for the lamp can be moved relatively to the lamp bulb and its socket to alter the spread of the projected light and to produce, when desired, a beam of substantially parallel fays adapted for projections to a distance of several hundred feet. </p>
<p> In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner and fragile terminal of the lamp is protected from destructive thrust of the upper battery terminal and means is provided for the convenient storage of a spare bulb. Renewal of a worn out bulb is made easy, and the hand lamp has other useful and novel features as hereinafter pointed out more at length. </p>
<p>In the accompanying drawing- Figure 1 :is a sectional elevation of one embodiment of the present invention; </p>
<p> Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevation of the front end of the hand lamp; </p>
<p> Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. l; and </p>
<p> Fig. f1 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1 </p>
<p> In the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawing, the hand lamp comprises a tubular casing 1, preferably of insulating material such asliber, which serves as a container for a plurality of dry cells 2 placed end to end therein in the usual manner. At the bottom of casing 1 is a collar 3 and a bottom closure or end cap l threaded thereto and carrying a coil spring 5 which makeseleitrical connection with the naked bottom of the lowermost dry cell and which serial No. 508,989. </p>
<p>holds all of the dry cells in good electrical contact with one another and with the mechanism the front end of the casing. </p>
<p> @n the front end of the is a threaded flanged collar 6 held in place as by lmetal rivets l'. Threaded to this a flaring meta-l head. S threaded at its front end to receive a ring 9 in which a plain lens 10 is permanently mounted. The front end the fiber casing is provided with a closure 11 held rigidly in position by rivets 7 and consistingY of a cup of insulating material having a central depression 12. leaf spring 13 housed in said depression has an extension which passes through said closure at .14. and is clamped against the bottom of the ber cup by tangs Y15 pressed up therefrom and inserted through openings in the liber and clinched over, as shown in lthe drawing. The upper brass terminal 1G of the series of dry cells bears against the extension of spring 13 and thus establishes electrical connection therewith. lVIounted on the top of said fixed closure is a metal plate 1'? having lingers 18 passed through the bottom of the iiber cup and clinched over, as shown in the drawing, to -hold the plate in position. Electrically connected with this plate and preferably integral therewith is a threaded lamp socket 19 in which a lamp bulb 20 is normally mounted with its inner terminal bearing against spring 1B and thus electrically connected with the battery. For best results, this lamp bulb should be of a type in which the tungsten lilanient is concentrated at approximately a pointL Better results can be had from such a lamp than from those using the common S-shaped filaments. </p>
<p> Lamp 2G is provided with a rellector 21 approximately parabolic in contour and hay-- ing` at its front edge an outwardly extending lange 22 clamped between the lens porting ring 9 and the 'Front edge of head 8. This reflector is separate rrom lamp socket 19 and eleftrically insulated there.A from by a suitable air gap, and has an opening' large enough to permit removal of head F and its supported parts without disturbing bulb 2O in its soeiiet 19, In other words, the central opening of the reliector is larger 'than bulb Q0. </p>
<p> The cup-shaped closure 1i is deep enough to torni at the 'trent end oi the easing an annula 'l eoiiiliartnient in which one or more spare lainp bulbs Q3 can be stored ind conveniently carried about. Preferably the cup is lined with a ring` ot paper or other insulating;V material, so that the nietal socket of a spare bulb Q?, may not bridge the between the adjacent lainp socket 19 and one oit the nietal rivets l and 'thus expose the hand lainp to the danger ot inadvertent lightingl ra'lien laid down on a. nietal sur- Y or placed .in rontaet with nietal tools. it stationary niet-al strip is fastened to the` casina by rivet 25 and has its bent liront end introdrufed through an or ing; 2li iu` tlze insulating Cup and yieldinggly pressing` against the edge et plate ll' and thus establisliingv connection with the outer terininal 'i lainp 20. ,llie other ol oi i strip is proyided Ywith an outwardly bent linger 25h which passes through a hole in the casing` and is enveloped by a housing,` to which is riveted a leat spring* 2S, 'the tree end oit which shaped to torni a pan or tliuinb plate 29 opposed to linger 25D and. by which the tloiv of current to the. lauip eau be controlled. lny the eo-nstruetion shown, this swinging eontart elenien't Q8 can be hel( in permanent engagement with linger 25h by first pressing* it down and then sliding; toi-ward a rougliened thunib piece l0 which rari-ies the liiie'ei 3l adapted to dis/anfrage :troni a slot in eleineiit and therezfr to slide alo-iig` the outer tace ot 'that eleinent and hold it in engagement with tiafger 25h. </p>
<p> lilith the switch mechanism ot' the aeter described. the circuit can be tarily closed. as for s'j'ialingr with the code. by a siniple tliuinb pressrue on thi.Vl l the lainp can be berne l i pan 29. o ii desired7 f. continuously by lirst pushiiigggv inwird oi pan 29 and then sliding the thuinb forward against element 30 te inoife finger 3i into sueli position that it Will liolil the spring' ient in circuit elosinn' relation. </p>
<p>the Construction above i with i particularly when usine; a lmnp uil fliicli the ligijlit-.friyinq laniezit in to approximately a le point. the iight, rays can be sent iut .troni releetor 2l through lens one another. </p>
<p> l0 substantially parallel The narrow beain ot' light so `pinduced will carry to a long` distaiiee. .it a wider beani is desired, the entire head oi' mesmo and the reflector adjustment best suited to lainp 2O is not necessarily the adjustmentbest suited to lanip 28. </p>
<p> To yieldingly lock the head in its adjusted position, collar 6 has pressed therein a pr' j sting' lug 32 (Fig. 9.), and the lower edge oi" the nietal head S is pressed outvmidly te terni a plurality oit recesses 'tor uglinenient with said lue` to yieldinnly lool; the head against inadvertent rotation on said collar. </p>
<p> li? the user desires a more diffused light than can be had by adjusting' `the rel'lector aloifiu the axis ot tl lanip bulb. it is por sible to entirety unserew and reiimre head il and its supported retleetor and leusI without iilisturbing;l 'the operative relation beA4 'tween the battery and lz nip El), and without even opening' the cireuit throne? the lamp. lily this change the hand lanip is converted into what is iii eii'ect battery candle. tor the bulb of lamp 2O is positioned beyoinl the liront edge oi'f the casing` and so is lree to send its light in substantially all directions. </p>
<p> lrlarious changes niay be niade iii-the toi-m 1 l el in :i battery hand lauip. a easing'. a </p>
<p>y therein. an electric bulb and :i 'therefor mounted independently olf *t* r in said easing. a threaded ineina reH lroto lill vWely to said bulb to alter e projected lieht. one olf said i and the otherl havn y pressed therein tor 0u i ist inadaded to sai i plurali J et reeesse. .f M.. 1.. .lor enit einem withv sail i`-` d head against i loclt i on said collara and a rele t i i i the iorward end oil said metal head independently of said bulb. said reflector being movable i axially and relatively 'to said lV b to atei' the siiread of the projected i t substantially as described. </p>
<p>3. ln a battery h' easiiifg. i e elosure` i d oit the. said easing. </p>
<p>i". insula: closure :tor the other end an eleetrie bulb mounted in l a tubular iii- Iein. a rinnovsaid fixed closure and linsulated thereby, said insulating closure having a central depression in the bottom of which is mounted a spring contact member interposed between said bulb and said battery, a reflector' adjustably mounted on the end of said casing for co-operating with said bulb, whereby the spread of the projected light rays may be altered at will, and means for closing and opening the electric circuit through said bulb and said battery at will. </p>
<p> 4. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular casing, a battery therein, a closure of insulating material rigidly mounted in one end of. said casing, a bul secured thereto and having a threaded socket, an elect-ric bulb mounted in said socket and insulated by said closure, a spring contact member interposed between said bulb and said battery, means for closing and opening the electric circuit through said bulb and said battei-y at will, a reflector mounted in said casing independently of said lamp and its socket, means whereby the relative longitudinal position of said bulb and said reflector may be varied for the purpose of altering the spread of the projected light, and means for yieldingly locking said reflector in any one of several positions to give the desired distribution of the light, substantially as described. </p>
<p> 5. In a. battery hand lamp, a tubular casing, a battery therein, a removable closure for one end of said casing, a closure of im sulating material rigidly mounted in the other end of said casing, an electric bulb mounted in the said fixed closure and insulated thereby, means for closing and opening the electric circuit through said bulb and said battery at will, means whereby the spread of the projected light rays may be altered at will, said insulating closure having a central depression in the bottom of which is mounted a spring contact member .interposed between said bulb and said battery, and a threaded metal socket for the lrece'liition ot said bulb and having at its inner end an outwardly extending annular plate n'iountcd upon the outer face oi said insulating closure. </p>
<p> 6. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular cas ing,a removable closure for one end of said casing, a fixed closure for the other end of said casing comprising an insulating cuplilre member rigidly mounted in said casing, a spring centrally located in said insulating member, a metallic plate rigidly attached to said insulating member and having a forwardly projecting threaded socket, an electric bulb mounted in said socket and in contact with said spring, a battery in said casing with its forward pole contacting with said spring, means whereby the electric circuit through said bulb and said battery may be opened and closed at will, and means. </p>
<p>whereby the spread of the projected light rays may be altered at will. </p>
<p> 7. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular 'casing, a battery therein, a removable closure for one end of said casing, a fixed closure ttor the other end of said casing, an electric bulb mounted in said fixed closure, a reflector adjustably mounted on the end of said casing for co-operation with said bulb whereby the spread of the projected light rays may be altered at will, and means for closing and opening the electric circuit through said bulb and said battery at will, the said fixed closure being rigidly mounted in said casing and comprising a cup of insulating material having a central depression, a metallic spring mounted in said depression and interposed between said bulb and said battery, and a threaded socket rigidly fastened to said cup and in which said bulb is mounted, substantially as described. l </p>
<p> 8. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular insulating casing, a battery therein, a removable closure for one end of said casing, a fixed closure for the other end of said casing, said iiXed closure comprising a cup of insulating material having a central depression, a spring housed in said depression and having an extension passing through said cloure and against which said battery presses, a metal plate mounted on the top of said fixed closure and having an outwardly projecting threaded socket, a lamp bulb in said socket, a switch mechanism by which the battery current is controlled, a stationary, conductor leading from said metal plate to said switch mechanism, a reflector insulated from said socket and movable with respect thereto, a threaded collar on the front end of said casing and having a projecting lug, a metal head threaded to said collar and having a plurality'of recesses pressed therein for engagement with said lug to yieldingly lock said head against .inadvertent rotation on said collar, and a lens for said lamp, said lens and reflectory being supported at the forward end of said metal head and being movable therewith to change the spread of of the lio'ht from said lamp, substantially as describe 9. In a battery hand lamp, the combination of a casing, a cup of insulating material closing the front end of said casing, a lamp socket carried by said cup, and a re- Hector for the lamp, said insulating cup being of a size to provide storage space for a spare lamp bulb beneath said reflector and at the side of said lamp socket. </p>
<p>In testimony whereof I aliix my signature. </p>
<p>FRANK G. STIMS'ON. </p>
<p>lll) </p>
</div>
|
en
|
US-1659656-A
|
US-73203124-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
24941907
| 1928-02-21
| 1924-08-14
| 1928-02-21
|
123/280.
|
F02B19/14
|
F02B19/14
|
JAHNKE CHARLES B
|
Oil-engine control
|
en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Feb. 21, 1928. </p>
<p> c. B. JAHNKE OIL ENGINE CONTROL 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 14. 1924 I lllllll l INVENTOR 6701mm )3. JAM/m5 ATTORNEY Feb. 21, 1928. </p>
<p>C. B. 'JAHNKE OIL ENGINE CONTROL Filed Aug. 14. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR CHARLES E. J/m/vnE BYE & </p>
<p>ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 21, 1928. g </p>
<p>UNITED STATES CHARLES B. JAHNKE, OI BELOIT, WISCONSIIET, ASBIGNOB TO FAIRBANKS, HORSE & 60., </p>
<p>OF CHICAGQ ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS. </p>
<p>OIL-ENGINE CONTROL. </p>
<p>Application filed August 14, 1824.' Serial No. 732,081. </p>
<p> My invention relates to deflecting lates for controlling the spray of fuel as injected into the pre-combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and more particu- I larly relates to improvementsin that type of apparatus disclosed in U. S. Patent 1,337,- 771 issued to Hobart & J ahnke. </p>
<p>' 'I he object of my invetion is to provlde means on such a deflecting plate for removing any carbon deposit w ich may have accumulated on the injector nozzle. </p>
<p> Another ob'ect of my invention is to provide a contro lable method of operating an internal combustion engine at light loads 16 throu h the use of such deflecting plates where y a greater economy and efliciency may be secured at those loads. </p>
<p> Another object of my invention is to provide such deflecting plates which are detachable from the controlling means, therebymaking it possible to use in the construction of these plates special types of heat-resisting material, such as nichrome and the like. Although myinvention consists lar ely in the construction and arrangement 0 parts hereinafter described and articularly pointed out in the claims, yet I 0 not limit my invention to the precise form, construcac tion or arrangement of parts shown or the several parts thereof, inasmuch as various alterations may be made without changing the scope of my invention. </p>
<p> The further objects and advantages of my invention will a pear from the following descriptions and rawings of m device. In the drawin Fig. 1 is a sectional v ew of the combiis ion end of an internal combustion engine employing an approved. form 0 of my device. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the deflecting device as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the deflectional device shown in Fi%. 1, shown in its out-of-action position. igs. 4 and 5 5 are of an ap roved form of deflect on plate. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views partially in sect on of a modified form of my deflectionaldevice, and Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are views of another modified form of my deflectional device. </p>
<p> Referring by numerals to the drawings, </p>
<p>' 10 designates apro-combustion chamber which may .be of any approved type and into which the fuel is injected by means of the injector 11, which may of any suitable form, preferably of the singledeflecting plate 13 may the face of the nozzle of the injector 11 and tube type having a fuel inlet such as 21. In con unction with the chamber 10 may be employed a temporary hot mechanism as hot tube 12, set forth in Patent No. 1,159,- 341, issued November 2, 1915, and which is ada ted to be heated from the'outside by a torc or other suitable mechanism for the purpose of starting. 13 desi nates a deectin plate of the type set orth in Patent. i 0. 1,337,771, issued April 20, 1920, which is controlled by an suitable means such as the rod 14 and the andle 15 for the purpose of deflecting the flow of fuel from the nozzle of the injector 11 towards the hot tube'12 when the engine is being started. It is evident that by turnin the handle 15, this moved from the position shown in Fi 2, which is the normal position for startlng, toward that shown in Fig. 3, in which osition the deflecting plate is entirely out of the line of flowof the fuel from the injector 11. This deflecting plate may be employed for urposes other hanh starting which will be hereinafter set ort It has been found that in employing low grade fuel oils that there is a tendency with many of them towards a formation of a considerable deposit of carbon on the end of the nozzle of the injector 11. It is evident that this carbon formation interferes with the successful operation of the engine, and I haveprovided a means for removing this formation whenever desired by the use of a projection 16 on the deflection plate 13, so constructed and so placed that when the handle 15 is turned from the position as shown in Fig. 3 to the position as shown in Fig. 2, the projection 16 will pass across O5 in close proximity thereto, the result being that any carbon deposit on the end of the nozzle of the injector 11 will be scraped off by the projection 16. It is evident that this pfi'ojection may be of any suitable'form or s a e. </p>
<p> Eben the engine is running at or near full load, the deflection plate is referabl removed from the path of the in ected fue by means of the handle 15 and rod 14. I have found,however, that when operating at light loads itis advantageous to introduce this deflection plate in the line of flow of the injected fuel, the result being that the fuel is deflected or spattered onto the walls to enter the hot tube, as is the case when starting the engine. In order to overcome this difliculty, I prefer to employ a deflecting plate with a deflecting surface which has a variable degree of angularity with respect to the axis of the plate. One form of such a plate is shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. 17 denotes the hub of the plate which may be attached to the rod 14 by means of set screws or pins passing through the hole 18. At 16 is shown the projection or scraper for the purpose of removing carbon deposit, and at 19 is shown the surface upon which the fuel preferably impinges during starting. The angle of this surface 19 with res ect to the axis of the plate 13 is such that the fuel will be deflected into the hot tube 12. The surface 20 into which the surface 19 merges, has, however, .an angular disposition with respect to the axis of the plate 13 which varies from the angular disposition of the surface 19 sufficiently so that the fuel will not be deflected into the tube 12 but onto the innersurface of the pre-combustion chamber 10. It is evident, therefore, that by employing a deflecting surface on the plate 13 which has a varying angularity with respect to the axis of the plate, and by adjusting the position of this surface below the injector 11, I may deflect the flow of the fuel from the injector 11, either into the hot tube 12, such as would be done at starting, or onto the walls of the combustion chamber, such as would be done when to make these running at light. loads. </p>
<p> In Figs. 9, 1d and 11 I have shown a modified form of this deflecting plate in which a plurality of deflecting surfaces are emplo ed oneither side of projection 16, one sur ace being emplo ed for starting, the other for running at ight loads. It is evident that there are a number of forms which may be employed to accomplish the purposes as set forth. </p>
<p> I have found it desirable to make these plates of some heat-resisting material such as nichrome, for example, and, in order to save material in this construction, I prefer lates detachable as shown. It is evident, owever, that they may be made integral with the controlling means and still be within the scope of my invention. </p>
<p>I claim: I </p>
<p> 1. An adjustable, plate ada ted to deflect at a plurality of selected ang es, the flow of fuel emitted from the injector nozzle of an internal combustion engine, abrading means on said plate for 'removmg' carbon deposit on the fuel nozzle. </p>
<p> 2. In combination with a' fuel injector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, means for removing the carbon deposit from the nozzle, comprising a scraper member adapted to be moved across the end of the nozzle, said member comprising a plurality of fuel deflecting surfaces, each disposed at a different angle to said nozzle. </p>
<p> 3. A member adapted selectively to de fiect in one of several predetermined directions, the ow of fuel emitted from the injector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, said member comprising a plurality of deflecting surfaces set at diflerent angles to said nozzle, and a scraper adapted to be moved across the end of the nozzle. </p>
<p> 4. A detachable deflecting plate adapted to divert selectively at a plurality of different angles, the flow of fuel emitted from the injector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, said plate comprising fuel deflectin surfaces and a scraper adapted to be move across the'end of the nozzle. </p>
<p>5. A deflecting plate. adapted to deflect the flow of fuel emitted from the injector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, a deflecting surface on said plate having a plurality of different degrees of angularity with respect to the axis of said nozzle, said plate comprising a cleaning member for said nozzle. </p>
<p> 6. A movable plate adapted to divert at one of a lurality of angles, the flow of fuel emitted rom the injector nozzle'in an internal combustion engine, a scrapin edge on said plate, adapted for cleaning said nozzle, a deflecting surfaceoon said plate having varying degrees of angularity with respect to the axis of said-nozzle, means for con trolling the position of said plate with respect to the injector nozzle. </p>
<p>7. A movable plate adapted to deflect the flow of fuel emitted from the injector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, a plurality of deflecting surfaces on-said plate, said surfaces being of different degrees of angularity with respect to the axis of said nozzle and a nozzle and in close proximity thereto, for the removal of solid deposit. </p>
<p> 9. In an internal combustion en 'ne in combination with a precombustion c amber an injector extending through the wall combination with a thereof, a deflecting plate having deflecting surfaces of various degrees of angularity with respect to the path of injection and adapted to deflect at predetermined angles, the flow of fuel from the injector nozzle, a scraper on said plate adapted to be moved across the face of the nozzle\for removing solid deposits therefrom, a manual positioning means and a resilient retention element for said plate, external to said engine. </p>
<p> 10. In an internal combustion engine in recombustion chamber, an injector extendln through the wall thereof, a deflecting p ate having deflecting surfaces of several different degrees of anlarity with res ect to the axis" of the injector and adap to deflect the flow of fuel from the injector nozzle, according to the surface interposed in the fuel stream, a scraper integral with said plate adapted to be moved across the face of the nozzle and in close proximity thereto to clean said nozzle, and manually controlled means extending through the wall of said chamber for varying the relative position of said plate to said nozzle. </p>
<p>CHARLES B. JAHNKE. </p>
</div>
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en
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US-273755-A
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US-273755D-A
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US
|
A
|
A
|
2342985
| 1883-03-13
| null | 1883-03-13
|
222/228.
| null |
B65D88/68
| null |
Seeding-machine
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en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>(No Model.) </p>
<p>T. T. MILLER. </p>
<p>SBEDING MACHINE. </p>
<p>No. 273,755. Patented Mar.13,1883. </p>
<p> I WITNESSES m5 1.7V VEJVIOR 77a 9 tom PETERs. PhmwLilhog aph x. wamtn lm Mrs TEDOR T. MILLER, </p>
<p>OF HIOO, TEXAS. </p>
<p>SEEDlNG-MACHINE. </p>
<p>SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 273,755, dated March 13, 1883. </p>
<p>Application filed October 21, 1882. (No model.) </p>
<p>To all whom it may concern.- </p>
<p> Be it known that l, Tenor. T. MILLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hico, in the countyof Hamilton and State of Texas, have invented a new and useful Seeding-Machine, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings. </p>
<p> This invention relates to seeding-machines, and has for its object to provide a simple and efficient machine that will. plant all kinds of grain or seed, and in which the mechanism can be readily and conveniently changed to adapt it to the ditferent kinds of seed. </p>
<p> In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my seeder in position on a plow-beam. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view thereof. Fig. 3 is a top view. Fig. dis avertical sectional view on the line a" a", Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view of the seedingdisk. Fig. 6 is a top view, showing the device adapted for use as a cotton-planter. </p>
<p> Referring to the drawings, A designates a plow of suitable construction, having beam [-3, mold-board O, and handles D. </p>
<p> E is the seeding-machine, which is to be scoured on beam B, with the seed-opening F in its bottom G on the right side of the beam. From the opening F is adapted to extend a suitable chute or tube, so that the seed will be dropped in the furrow. At the side of opening F is an auxiliary opening, H. </p>
<p> The sides I I of the hopper J, which forms the body of seeder E, are provided with ver tical grooves K K, one on each side, in which slides the removable partition L. This partition L has an extension, M, at its bottom, which enters opening F when the partition is in place, leaving auxiliary opening H, of course, open. From extension M a recess, N, opens up into partition L, and in this recess is arranged the seeddisk O, which works down into opening F, and is provided with the perforations P for receiving the seed. From the other side of recess N opens the seed-perforation Q, covered by a guide, R, directly over opening H. On the inner side of the partition is formed another opening, S, extending into recess N, and having its size regulated by a slide, T. The seed is received into the perforations P through I opening S, and is cariied around to the opening Q by the disk, from whence it is dropped through opening H. The distance between the seed when they are dropped is regulated by the number ofperforations on the disk-the greater the number of perforations the less distance there will be between the seed. The disk is driven by a rotary shaft, U, on which it is fixed by having a rectangular central opening, V, passing over a correspondinglyshaped portion, of shaft U. This shaftU passes through the partition L, and has aprojecting inner end, X, while its outer end, Y, has a bearing ina spindle, Z. </p>
<p> On spindle Z is hinged a rearwardly-extending bifurcated standard, A, between the arms of which is journaled a walking-wheel, B, the shaft 0 of which carries a chain-pulley, D, which is connected by a chain belt, with a chain-pulley, F, on shaft U. Thus thelatter is driven by walking-wheel B, and this wheel travels onthe right side of the plow-beam, and, heingjournaled in the hinged bracket or standard, will automatically and readily accommodate itself to unevenness of the ground. The bracket may be elevated,'so as to lift the wheel entirely off the ground, by means of a rope or cord, G, extending to the handle. </p>
<p> H is a bracket projecting on the inside of the hopper, and having a pin, I, swiveled in its end. To said pin is secured a chain, J, having its free end attached by a long pin, K, to the end X of shaft U. As the latter revolves the pin K and chain J will stir the seed at the mouth or opening S, said chain being caused to twist, when its swivel-pin will. </p>
<p>turn. </p>
<p> When it is desired to use my improved seed' ing-machine as a cotton-planter the shaft U is drawn out, after being disconnected from the chain, and the partition L is also removed. The openings F H are now covered by a plate, L, having seed-opening M, and rod U is re inserted, a collar, F, having radial arms 0, being placed on said shaft to feed the cottonseed through opening M. The chain J is again connected to the end of shaft U-by the pin K. To prevent the chain from becoming clogged or crowded in the seed, a lateral arm, 1?, is secured to the bottom of pin 1, and carries at its outer end a dished disk, Q, which will turn with the chain and loosen the seed. This disk Q is adjustable on arm P. </p>
<p> The advantages of my invention will be readily understood. It is simple, convenient, and efficient. A </p>
<p>I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, with the shaft of the seed-feeding mechanism U, having a rotary motion, of the removable chain secured to the end thereof and swiveled at the other end, as set forth. </p>
<p> 2. The combination of the hopper having the seed-openin g, over which is arranged the rotary shaft of the seed-feeding mechanism, the lateral bracket H, inside the hopper, the pin swiveled in the end of the bracket H, and the chain J, removably secured to the end of the rotary shaft to stir the seed at the mouth of the seed-opening, as set forth. </p>
<p> 3; The combination of the hopper adapted to be secured on a plowbeam, and having stub shaft or spindle Z, the rotary shaft U, ex: tending through the latter into the hopper and detachable chain J, adapted to be secured to the rotary shaft .U, and removable lateral arm P, carrying the adjustable circularlytraveling disk Q, as set forth. </p>
<p> In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses. </p>
<p>TEDOR T. MILLER. </p>
<p>Witnesses A. K. DUNAGAN, W.'L. GADDIS. </p>
</div>
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en
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US-2245528-A
|
US-23557838-A
|
US
|
A
|
A
|
22886083
| 1941-06-10
| 1938-10-18
| 1941-06-10
|
562/417.
|
C07B35/04
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C07B35/04
|
LODER DONALD J
|
Catalytic oxidation of alkyl substituted aromatic compounds
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en
| null | null | null | null |
<div>
<p>Patented June 10, 1%41 CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ALKYL SUBSTI- TUTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS Donald J. Loder, Wilmington, Del., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, WilminI- ton, DeL, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 1a. 1938, Serial No. 235,578 </p>
<p> Claims. </p>
<p> This invention relates to oxidation of alkylsubstituted aromatic compounds and, more particularly to the production of aromatic acids by oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. </p>
<p> It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the controlled oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, particularly toluene, xylene and the substituted benzenes. </p>
<p> It is a further and more specific object of the present invention to provide a new and improved process for the production, from alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, of aromatic acids without rupture of the aromatic ring, and more particularly to obtain benzoic acid from toluene, toluic and phthalic acids from xylene, and benzene mono or polycarboxylic acids and alkyl-substituted derivatives from the corresponding alkylsubstituted benzenes. </p>
<p> Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent by reference to the following specification. </p>
<p>I have found that oxidation without ring cleavage of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds with production in good yield of the corresponding acids can be accomplished by subjecting the said compounds to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of an oxygen-containing gas, for example oxygen or air or air enriched with oxygen. </p>
<p> In this manner it is possible to oxidize hydrocarbons, such as toluene, xylene and other alkylsubstituted benzenes with production of benzoic, toluic and phthalic acids or other benzene monoor polycarboxylic acids and alkyl-substltuted derivatives thereof. Similarly alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds which contain substituents, in addition to alkyl groups may also be oxidized ac cording to this invention, such for example as alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds containing N02, halogen, and carboxyl groups. While my process may be carried out at various temperatures ranging upward from about 100 C. to about 320 0., generally speaking the use of temperatures in the more restricted range of 130-250 0., tends, other conditions remaining the same, to give less of partial oxidation products, less loss of carbon to oxides of carbon, and a higher proportion of acids. </p>
<p> I have further discovered three factors which, all taken together, produce the optimum result but which, nevertheless, individually contribute to an improved result as will appear hereinafter. Each of these factors, or methods, facilitate oxidation at low temperatures, improved results are obtained when any two of them are employed and the best results are secured when all three methods are used simultaneously. </p>
<p>As one of the three factors previously mentioried, I have found that the yields of acid produced according to my invention may be considerably increased by carrying on the oxidation in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, such, specifically as the solid polyvalent metals having an atomic weight between about and about 200. For example, I may use such metals in the finely divided metallic state or asorganic and inorganic salts or oxides including such specific metals as cerium, cobalt, copper, manganese, and uranium, with or without inorganic acids such as nitric, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids or mixtures of any two or more of these substances, As specific catalysts under the above description there may be employed vanadium, cerium and cobalt chlorides, manganese acetate alone or together with barium acetate, barium or cobalt permanganate, sodium cobalti nitrite or mixtures of two or more of such compounds, In addition to the oxidation catalysts, promoters such as the alkali and alkaline earth metals may also be employed, if desired, such, for example as the barium, magnesium and potassium acetates, butyrates, propionates, and the like. </p>
<p> I have also found that enhanced yields of arcmatic acids are obtained if the oxidation is carried on in the presence of a solvent for the hydrocarbons. Various liquids substantially inert to the oxidation and capable of dissolving the hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and benzene can be used, but I prefer to use as solvent an organic acid, such as acetic, propionic, butyric, trimethyl acetic and isobutyric, such aromatic acids as phenyl acetic, and such hydroxy acids or derivatives as methoxy acetic, and the like. Varying proportions of these acids, based upon the weight per cent. present in the solution being oxidized, may be utilized, such as from 1 to 99 per cent. by weight "although I prefer to utilize about 10 to 50 per cent. Within these indicated ranges I have found that the solvents eifect a considerable increase in the yield, of aromatic acid obtained by oxidation of the hydrocarbon. </p>
<p> As a further feature of the invention I have found that, especially when operating at the lower temperatures, say 200 or below, the yields and efilciency of the process may be even further improved by carrying on the oxidation, whether with or without the solvents referred to, in the presence of one or more initiators, which term I employ herein to designate substances capable of initiating attack on the hydrocarbon molecule which may itself not readily react with molecular oxygen under my preferred low temperature conditions. Forexample, there may be employed or- 'ganic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide; inorganic peroxides: peracids, such as peracetic and perbenzoic acids; the aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and isobutyraldehyde; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ethers, such as diisopropyl, diethyl and diamyl ethers; olefines such as cyclohexene and octylene, and, in fact, any organic compound which tends to form peroxide bodies under the reaction conditions. </p>
<p> The initiator may be added to the reactants at the start or continuously during the oxidation or both; or, if preferred the oxidation may be begun at a temperature and pressure at which partial oxidation products, capable of being oxidized to or acting as oxygen carriers are formed, and the partially oxidized hydrocarbons thus produced may thereafter act as oxygen carriers capable of attacking other hydrocarbon molecules at the relatively low temperatures which I have generally outlined and will hereinafter more specifically describe. The constant maintenance of a concentration of initiator is important, however, and therefore, in general, I deliberately add the initiator to the reactants as described hereinafter. The oxygen carrier is thus able to initiate the oxidation which then may become at least partially self-sustaining at temperatures very much lower than otherwise possible. </p>
<p> The proportions of initiators which are desirable according to this invention range from about 0.1 to per cent, based upon the weight of the hydrocarbon being treated. I do not wish to be restricted to these proportions, however, for I have found that as much as 50 per cent initiator may be utilized without deleterious effect upon progress of the oxidation and at the same time as low as 0.05 per cent initiator may be employed with an increased eillciency and yield of aromatic acid. Although primarily applicable to ketones such as acetone, dimethyl or methyl ethyl ketones, or cyclohexanone, or mixtures thereof, these ranges describe satisfactorily the amounts of other initiators which are suitable according to my invention. </p>
<p>While the process is operable at ordinary pressures I prefer to use elevated pressures rangingupwards from about 2 atmospheres to about 100 atmospheres. Although pressures in the neighborhood of from 10 to 50 atmospheres are: preferred, higher pressures, for example as high as 1000 atmospheres, may be used. The minimum pressure is that required to permit effecting the reaction in the liquid phase, by which is meant that the hydrocarbon is preferably oxidized in the liquid or dissolved state. Pressures in excess of this minimum may be used, however, since pressure has been found to favor the reaction rate. </p>
<p> Having described separately some of the features of my invention, the following examples will illustrate how these features may be combined for oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds generally. </p>
<p> Example 1.--A mixture containing 276 grams toluene, 276 grams acetic acid, 0.23 grams cobalt acetate, 0.23 grams manganesipcetate and 4.3 grams methylethyl tantalum lined converter of 1200 cc. capacity, provided with suitably valved gas outlet and inlet lines at top and bottom, respectively. The </p>
<p>ketone wascharged into av acetophenone. </p>
<p>mixture was heated to 190 C., under a pressure of 50 atmospheres and air was bubbled through the mixture for 3 hours at the rate of 200 liters per hour, the pressure being maintained at 50 atmospheres and the temperature at 185-200 C. The exit gas was directed through a condenser, and traps cooled by dry ice. Solid benzoic acid was removed from the oxidation products and recovered by cooling the final product to crystallize the benzoic acid. The total. </p>
<p>weight of benzoic acid recovered was 126.9 grams. An additional 45.8 grams of benzoic acid was recovered from the filtrate after stripping of! the acetic acid and unconverted toluene. 123.2 grams of unused toluene was recovered. The conversion and yield were 47.2% and 85.2% respectively. The residue obtained after recovery of benzoic and acetic acids consisted of henzaldehyde and tar. </p>
<p> Example 2.A mixture containing 425.0 grams ethyl benzene, 63.1 grams acetic acid, and 0.05 grams cobalt acetate was charged into a tantalum-lined converter of v1200 cc. capacity, provided with suitably valved outlet and inlet lines at top and bottom, respectively. The mixture was heated to 168-178" C. for 1% hours under a pressure of 50 atmospheres. Air was bubbled through the mixture for 1% hours at the rate of 225 liters per hour, the pressure being maintained at 50 atmospheres and the temperature at 'l68-178 C. The exit gas was directed through a condenser, and traps cooled by dry ice. </p>
<p> Solid benzoic acid was removed from the oxidation product and recovered by cooling the final products to' crystallize the benzoic acid. The total weight of benzoic acid recovered was 24.1 grams. In addition, there was separated from the final product 2.8 grams phenyl ethyl ester, 1.1 grams phenyl ethanol, and 53.6 grams 122.2 grams of unreacted ethyl benzene was recovered. The conversion and yield to benzoic acid were, respectively, 18.2% and 25.6%. The conversion and yield to acetophenone were, respectively, 41.4% and 58%. </p>
<p> Example 3.-Into a tantalum-lined converter, such as described in Examples 1 and 2, was charged 236.0 grams of mixed xylenes, 130.6 grams acetic acid, 3.7 grams diethyl ketone, 0.185 grams cobalt acetate and 0.185 grams manganese acetate. This mixture was heated to 187-202 C. under a pressure of 50 atmospheres and air was bubbled through the mixture at this temperature and pressure for 2 hours at the rate of 250 liters per hour. </p>
<p> By distillation under atmospheric and reduced pressures, the reaction products were separated to give 75.7 grams of unreacted xylenes, and 50.3% yield of toluic acids, 2.0% yield of phthalic acids, 1.5% yield of toluyl alcohols, 8.1% yield of toluyl esters and 5.7% yield of toluic aldehydes. </p>
<p> Example 4.--Into a converter such as described in Examples 1 and 2 there was charged a mixture containing 400 grams isopropyl benzene, 4 grams water and 0.4 gram cobalt acetate. This mixture was heated at a temperature of 170-229" C. under a pressure of 30 atmospheres and air was bubbled through this-mixture for 2 hours at the rate of 250 liters per hour. At the expiration of this time the reaction products were separated by distillation to give 45 grams benzoic acid, and 230 grams cumene. The remaining material was of a tarry nature. The yield of benzoic acid was about 35%. </p>
<p> Although specific disclosure has been made in the examples of methods for carrying on my invention in a batch process, it should be understood that this invention may also be practiced in a continuous manner. Thus, after completion of the benzoic acid or other acid production, such as shown in the specific examples, the materials capable of being converted to the desired acid, plus the catalyst, solvent, and initiator may be recovered and recycled to the reaction zone together with further quantities of aromatic hydrocarbon. In a continuous process it will also be found desirable to make such additions of catalyst, solvent, and initiator as will maintain the reaction rate and yield of acid at the desired high degree. </p>
<p> While the process as described in the examples involves passage of the oxidizing gas through a body of liquid, it will be understood that other means of assuring the desired liquid-gas contact may be employed, as, for example, passage or liquid and gas co-current or counter-current through a tube or tower, which may be supplied with plates, packing or other devices for enhancing contact. </p>
<p>I claim: </p>
<p> 1. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkvl substituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst and a solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation. </p>
<p> 2. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkyl substituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of 100-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 3. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkyl substituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator. selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation at r a temperature in the range of lO-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 4. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkyl substituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gase ous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of 130-250 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 100 atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 5. A method of producing aromatic acids which comprises subjecting an alkyl substituted aromatic compound to oxidation by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions anda solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of -320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 6. A method of producing aromatic acids which comprises subjecting an alkyl substituted aromatic compound to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of 100-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 7. A method of producing aromatic acids which comprises subjecting an alkyl substituted aromatic compound to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of -250 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 8. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst and a solvent for the toluene" which is substantially inert to the oxidation. </p>
<p> 9. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst and a solvent for the toluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation. </p>
<p> 10. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation by means 01' a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a solvent for the toluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of l00-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 11. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a solvent for the toluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of l00320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres, </p>
<p>and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 12. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which ,form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a solvent for the toluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of 130-250 C., and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 100 atmospheres, and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 13. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of a cobalt acetate catalyst, an acetic acid'solvent, and an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting oi! peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions, at a temperature in the range of 100-320 0., and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 100 atmospheres, and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 14. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of a cobalt acetate catalyst, an acetic acid solvent, and an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions, at a temperature in the range of 130-250 C.', and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres, and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p> 15. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting toluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a lower aliphatic acid solvent for the toluene at a temperature in the range of 130- 250 C., and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 100 atmospheres, and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture. </p>
<p>DONALD J. LODER. </p>
<p>CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. </p>
<p>Patent No.2; 214.5,528. June 10, 19in. </p>
<p>' DONALD J. LODER. </p>
<p>It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered pstent requiring correction as follows: Page 11.; first column, line 25, claim 15, for "2 to 100" read --2 to 1000"; and secon'd column, 11m 10, claim 1A, for "2 to 1000" read --2 to 1oo--; and that are said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to therecord of the case in the Patent Office. </p>
<p>Signed and sealed this 15th day of July, A. 4). 191m. </p>
<p>Henry Van Arsdale, </p>
<p> Acting Commissioner of Patents. (Seal) </p>
</div>
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