mhjiang0408/MAC_Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

Cell Genomics

4_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_11.png

D

On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes, relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria, sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke Lab, NYU Langone.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt

clip

3_2.txt

On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous, data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt

vith

4_2.txt

On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis, which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt

vitg

3_5.txt

On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Xu et al. present their findings that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-host genetic interaction predisposes susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This EBV-related cancer, though rare in most parts of the world, is highly endemic in southern China. Illustrated on the cover, the red virus and double-stranded DNA symbols capture the strong interaction between the high-risk subtype of EBV and susceptible HLA alleles. This interaction is the major determinant of NPC risk among southern Chinese populations. The cover art was created by the artist Rui Xie.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_11.txt

groundtruth

4_11.txt

train

Nature Cell Biology

26_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_11.png

D

Stem cells Generating human knock-in organoids See Artegiani et al. and News & Views by Liberali. Image: Benedetta Artegiani and Delilah Hendriks, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_10.txt

vith

22_10.txt

ELL3 in naive pluripotency ELL3 binds a subset of young LINE-1 elements, which activate Akt3 and ERK signalling to regulate naive pluripotency. See Meng et al. Image: Chengqi Lin and Shiqi Zhu, Southeast University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/25_4.txt

clip

25_4.txt

Stem cells Stabilising naïve pluripotency See Lynch et al.. Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt

vitg

22_3.txt

Human embryonic arrest Single-cell multi-omics of arrested human embryos reveal that cytoskeletal defects cause embryonic arrest characterized by zygotic genome activation. See Li et al. Image: Lin Li and Teng Wang, Southern Medical University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_11.txt

groundtruth

26_11.txt

train

Molecular Therapy

32_16

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_16.png

C

On the Cover: The scaffold-mediated, non-viral delivery of miR-219 and miR-338 cocktail promotes remyelination in a spinal cord injury model. This image was taken at the host implant interface and depicts remyelinated axons in the miR-219/miR-338 treatment group. See Milbreta et al., pp. 411–423. Cover credit: image by Junquan Lin.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_13.txt

vith

27_13.txt

On the Cover: The cover features muscle cells of myotonic dystrophy patients with increased myogenic differentiation capacity after removal of the expanded DMPK-(CTG⋅CAG)n repeat by dual CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage. A culture of gene-edited mononuclear myoblasts that start producing myosin heavy chain (MHC; stained with green fluorescent antibodies) and fuse into multinuclear myotubes (DAPI-stained nuclei in magenta) are shown at low density. See the article by Wieringa et al. (pages 24–43).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_14.txt

clip

25_14.txt

On the cover: The image displays GALC enzyme (red) in Purkinje cells of a dog affected with Krabbe disease after receiving combination HSCT and systemic AAV-cGALC gene therapy as detailed in Bradbury et al. Image credit: Allison Bradbury and Gary Swain.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_16.txt

groundtruth

32_16.txt

On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies, edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_6.txt

vitg

25_6.txt

val

NATURE MATERIALS

23_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.png

D

This novel mixed-valence manganite is a promising 'playground' for studying the physics of spin, charge and orbital ordering Cover design by Elena Manferdini

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/3_12.txt

clip

3_12.txt

Recently explored layered materials, from transition metal dichalcogenides to Xenes, and their combination with other 2D and non-2D materials in van der Waals heterostructures, exhibit intriguing fundamental properties and expand the spectrum of applications at reach for the family of 2D materials. Editorial p155; Perspective p163; Review Articles p170, 182 COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY DEEP JARIWALA AND MARK HERSAM AT NORTHWESTERN UNIV.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_11.txt

vitg

16_11.txt

2D material-wrapped Janus particles Autoperforation of 2D materials for generating two-terminal memresistive Janus particles. See Liu et al. and News & Views by He and Zhang. Image: Photograph by Felice Frankel. Cover Design: David Shand.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/17_2.txt

vith

17_2.txt

Moiré superlattices in twisted perovskites Moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional halide perovskites are realized, revealing the emergence of localized bright excitons with enhanced emissions and trapped charge carriers. See Zhang et al. Image: Shuchen Zhang, Purdue University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.txt

groundtruth

23_4.txt

train

Nature Aging

4_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_11.png

C

Inferring health trajectories In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models. See Cohen et al. Image: adapted from Nat. Aging https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt

clip

4_12.txt

Nonlinear multi-omics aging In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data. See Shen et al. Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt

ave_3

4_2.txt

Causality-enriched epigenetic clocks In this issue, Kejun Ying et al. identify CpGs that may be causally linked to aging-related traits using epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization. They develop the epigenetic clocks DamAge and AdaptAge, which track adverse and adaptive outcomes, respectively. The cover image conceptualizes the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process as a cascade of dominoes that links the youthful individual with the old one. Each domino represents a key CpG site with a causal influence on aging undergoing methylation (denoted by the letter ‘M’). The falling of the dominoes embodies causal effects of these methylation events, suggesting a sequential impact on the progression of aging. See Ying et al. Image: Ying Fang, Independent Artist, and Kejun Ying, Harvard University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_11.txt

groundtruth

4_11.txt

Aging in unity The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging. See Editorial Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt

vith

1_12.txt

train

Trends in Cancer

10_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_12.png

A

The Swiss cheese model was originally proposed to show how hazards can pass through system defense failures or ‘holes within the cheese.’ In this issue, Teran et al. use the Swiss cheese model to frame how tumor-promoting mechanisms promote the development, maintenance, and progression of glioblastoma by finding ‘holes’ in multilayered homeostatic defenses. Image designed by Ashley Durand and reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_12.txt

groundtruth

10_12.txt

Cancer is personal. It touches the lives of many and changes them forever. As a scientist, it is easy to forget the bigger reason for cancer research as we dive ever so deeper into mechanisms. In this issue, Danielle Loughlin, the new Editor of Trends in Cancer, outlines her vision for the journal going forward. She hopes that Trends in Cancer can prove as a reminder that the ultimate purpose of cancer research is to cure more patients, and that the content published sparks new ideas that will provide leads to better treatment systems. Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/Hiroshi Watanabe.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_10.txt

vitg

6_10.txt

This Special Issue on Physical Sciences in Oncology celebrates recent advances and new scientific frontiers in a rising field that is bringing back the application of physical principles to biology, and fostering a wide-angle cross-disciplinary perspective on cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_10.txt

vith

4_10.txt

Metronomic therapy has been seen for long as the continuous administration of low doses of chemotherapy multi-targeting the tumor microenvironment. On pages 319–325 in this issue, André et al. challenge this conventional notion and discuss the clinical implications of direct cancer-cell toxicity effects. Cover image by iStock/Panptys.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_8.txt

clip

3_8.txt

train

Nature Machine Intelligence

6_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.png

D

Learning from human decision making Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms. See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt

clip

1_9.txt

Adaptive locomotion for neural walking machines Learning walking gaits in unstructured environments is a challenging task for multi-legged robots such as the hexapods in the cover image. A modular approach for neural control by Thor et al . in this issue combines multiple primitive closed-loop controllers to allow rapid learning and adaptive behaviour, including pipe and wall climbing, as well as gaits to pass through high, low or narrow gaps. See Thor et al. Image: Mathias Thor. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_11.txt

vith

4_11.txt

Intelligent collaboration within reach As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics. See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt

vitg

1_12.txt

Pre-trained knowledge for lifelike movements Utilizing pre-training holds great promise in legged robotics to produce effective movements. Han et al. propose a hierarchical framework that reuses pre-trained knowledge across various levels of task and perception. The cover image shows their quadrupedal robot MAX, developed by Tencent Robotics X, which demonstrates lifelike agility and strategic game-playing abilities. See Han et al. Image: Robotics X, Tencent Holdings Ltd. Cover design: Emily Paul

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.txt

groundtruth

6_6.txt

train

Current Biology

35_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_2.png

B

On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell. Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently. SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_21.txt

ave_0

34_21.txt

On the cover: The microscopic fossil ostracod crustacean shown is used as a time machine to reconstruct past deep-sea ecosystem changes. In this issue, Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, and their colleagues revealed the 500,000-year history of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem. The researchers found that the present-day Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem was established at a major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago. After that, both deep-water temperature and food supply (via surface plankton production related to iron fertilization that eventually sinks to the deep-sea floor) substantially affected their deep-sea ecosystem in different ways. The team highlights the importance of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem as a “canary in the coal mine” for future anthropogenic climatic changes on our planet, and especially highlights the need to carefully think about how we proceed with ocean-based climate interventions as they mitigate temperature rise but also affect surface production. Cover image: Jingwen Zhang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, and Moriaki Yasuhara.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_2.txt

groundtruth

35_2.txt

On the cover: With this issue, Current Biologycompletes its twentieth year. Since its origins as a journal publishing “dispatches from the front lines of biology,” Current Biologyhas continuously expanded in terms of both paper formats and breadth of subjects covered. We hope the journal will continue to evolve and look forward to the exciting biology that the next twenty years may bring for us and our readers. For more, see the editorial by current Editor Geoffrey North and founding Editor Peter Newmark (pages R1049–R1051).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_1.txt

vitg

20_1.txt

On the cover: The image is a representation of a barrier between the cytoplasm of a Tetrahymena cell and its cilia, which appears to be part of the mechanism that regulates the passage of material into and out of the cilia. The barrier contains nine pores through which pass microtubule doublets that continue out into the axoneme of the cilia. The size of the outer region of the pore is appropriate for passage of complexes, called “intraflagellar transport particles,” which travel along the microtubules and carry components for assembly of the cilia. Proper control of the flow of this material is essential for formation of fully functional cilia. A report by Ounjai et al. (pages 339–344) in this issue provides insights on the structure and composition of this regulatory system. Image prepared by Puey Ounjai.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_21.txt

clip

23_21.txt

train

Cell Genomics

4_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_8.png

A

On the cover: As we age—particularly with Alzheimer’s—various processes centered on our DNA become gradually “broken.” Collectively, these changes, reviewed by Gouveia Roque et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, act as drivers of disease progression and cognitive decline. The cover highlights this relationship, drawing inspiration from the genetic mosaicism now known to characterize the Alzheimer’s brain. Image credit: Cláudio Gouveia Roque.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_8.txt

groundtruth

4_8.txt

On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous, data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt

vith

4_2.txt

On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open, collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt

vitg

1_3.txt

On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes, relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria, sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke Lab, NYU Langone.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt

clip

3_2.txt

train

Cell Metabolism

36_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_1.png

A

On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Tong et al. reveal that combining a serine and glycine-free (-SG) diet with PD-1 inhibitors enhances antitumor immunity synergistically. The cover, inspired by Greek mythology, depicts Athena battling a giant tumor cell. Wielding a shield empowered by the -SG diet, she makes tumor eye (MHC-I) more prominent for CD8+ T cells, while her owl (PD-1 inhibitor) targets PD-L1 to weaken tumor defenses, symbolizing synergistic therapy. Cover art by Xuelei Ma and Yuhao Wei.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_1.txt

groundtruth

36_1.txt

On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt

ave_2

36_6.txt

On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research. As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt

vitg

21_6.txt

On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt

clip

31_6.txt

train

NATURE MEDICINE

30_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.png

D

Medicine in the digital age As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead. See Focus Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt

vith

25_12.txt

30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery. Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt

clip

31_1.txt

In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt

vitg

10_12.txt

Series on Women’s Health In this issue, Nature Medicine launches a Series on Women’s Health throughout the life course. Women’s health remains underserved by the medical research community, and the impacts of sex differences and sociocultural factors on the health and wellbeing of women are rarely considered. The first installment of this Series presents a Perspective calling for a life-course approach to the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases in women. See Series Image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.txt

groundtruth

30_12.txt

train

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

49_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.png

D

January 2023 marks the start of a year-long Special series that focuses on scientific figure development. Through a combination of TrendsTalk interview-style and Technology of the Month articles, authors, nearly all of whom have contributed to TIBS in the last year or two, share their philosophies on how they develop attractive and informative scientific figures. The cover art depicts a descriptive workflow of a Cell Press artist first generating a hand-drawn sketch and subsequently creating a digital figure. Cover image from Julie Sung, Cell Press Art Team.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_12.txt

vitg

48_12.txt

On The Cover: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to visualize fluctuations of biological macromolecules at high resolution, though are often only represented as static figures in published literature. On pages 902–913 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Peter Hildebrand, Alexander Rose, and Johanna Tiemann highlight how advances in browser technology may enable scientists to interactively share and visualize simulations on the web. Cover image source: iStock/AlisaRut.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/44_2.txt

vith

44_2.txt

In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid droplets budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During LD formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt

clip

47_14.txt

While certain levels of cellular oxidants can be beneficial for a cell and activate various arms of the proteostasis network (symbolized by ‘life’ on the right side of the cover), they can also be harmful, causing oxidative damage to both the network and the cell (depicted as ‘destruction’ on the left side of the cover). On pages 761–774, Drs. Agnes Ulfig and Ursula Jakob explore how the roles of cellular oxidants are balanced within the proteostasis network. Cover image by Dr. Agnes Ulfig.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.txt

groundtruth

49_4.txt

train

ACS Nanoscience Au

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_5.png

A

The cover is a depiction of a newer variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus engaging with a mammalian cell via the ACE-2 receptor, while antibodies neutralize previous variants in the background to differing extents. In the ongoing battle against COVID-19, the intricate dance between virus mutation and host defenses continues, with immunity yet to be guaranteed.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_5.txt

groundtruth

2024_5.txt

Featured on this cover is a composite confocal fluorescence image of a representative matrix stone section. The image vividly illustrates the extensive organic filamentous networks, abundant with immune response-related proteins such as calprotectin (displayed in red), myeloperoxidase (in yellow), and DNA molecules (in blue). Originating from intricate host-microbe interplay, these organic networks promote the heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of inorganic particulates, culminating in the formation of macroscale aggregates known as "matrix stones". This process embodies a unique 'double-edged sword' effect of the host immune response to pathogens in pathological renal biomineralization.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_3.txt

ave_3

2023_3.txt

A different ligand ratio was employed in the design of hybrid drug delivery systems based on monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters for targeted cancer therapy and studied via MD simulations. This cover shows a representative case when the most convenient features are exhibited after favoring the targeting ligand (peptide) over the chemo drug. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2021_1.txt

vitg

2021_1.txt

Many metal nanoparticles adopt a face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, as shown on the cover. The surfaces of four facets of this fcc nanoparticle are highlighted on the nanoparticle. Enlarged regions of the atomic arrangements of the surfaces of these facets are shown, along with the subsurface atoms.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.txt

clip

2024_2.txt

train

Trends in Microbiology

33_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.png

B

In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt

vith

26_9.txt

In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system, containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly or indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively). Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer. BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.txt

groundtruth

33_1.txt

This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines the role that metabolism plays in microbial life ranging from how microbes obtain energy to how microbes can alter the metabolism of their host and use host-derived metabolites to their advantage. The cover image was inspired by the hypothesis that perhaps pathogenic bacteria might just be looking for food, which is discussed by Rohmer et al. on pages 341–348. Cover image courtesy Rodolphe ‘Rodho’ Grandviennot.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_6.txt

vitg

19_6.txt

This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance might look like if microbes ran in marathons.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt

clip

24_9.txt

test

Matter

7_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_6.png

B

On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers. We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake, decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt

vitg

3_5.txt

On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory “five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow) are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt

groundtruth

7_6.txt

On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives, five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks, Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover, contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc., i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt

vith

4_1.txt

On the Cover: For the inaugural issue of Matter, we wanted to reflect the vast scope of materials science without focusing on a particularmaterial,molecular system, ormanuscript. Here, we explicitly depict the “launching” of Matter via an assembly of representative scale-free building blocks—theoretical components of all materials systems—from nano to macro and fundamentals to application. Cover by Kip Lyall.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_6.txt

clip

1_6.txt

train

NATURE ENERGY

9_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_4.png

B

Compatible by design Building batteries with energy-dense metallic anodes requires compatible electrolytes. Yu et al. develop electrolytes with single-solvent and single-salt components through molecular design, offering promise for high-energy and long-cycle-life lithium metal batteries. See Yu et al. Image: Yuchi Tsao, Stanford University Cover Design: Thomas Phillips

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_6.txt

vith

5_6.txt

Entangled materials Molecules with a non-fused ring structure are relatively cheap electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells. Yet, these molecules have poor crystallinity and do not blend well with electron donor materials. Zeng et al. use a binary solvent system to address these issues and demonstrate devices with over 19% power conversion efficiency. See Zeng et al. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips. Image: Lei Zhu and Feng Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_4.txt

groundtruth

9_4.txt

Social dynamics of energy behaviour Energy use occurs in homes, workplaces and communities in which complex webs of social relations already exist, and social interactions routinely occur. This Focus issue explores how these social relations and interactions shape and are shaped by energy behaviour across a range of contexts. Image: Steve Proehl / exxorian Cover Design: Thomas Phillips

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_10.txt

ave_1

5_10.txt

Now we are five Nature Energy launched its first issue five years ago. To mark the occasion, this month we take a look back at some of our past content and catch up with some of our early authors. See Editorial Image: Anton Eine/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_12.txt

clip

6_12.txt

train

Chem & Bio Engineering

2025_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.png

B

on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt

ave_1

2024_8.txt

Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt

groundtruth

2025_1.txt

The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt

clip

2024_7.txt

Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt

vitg

2024_2.txt

train

NATURE MEDICINE

30_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.png

D

In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt

ave_2

10_12.txt

Medicine in the digital age As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead. See Focus Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt

vith

25_12.txt

30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery. Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt

clip

31_1.txt

Functional precision medicine In this issue, Azzam and colleagues show that functional precision medicine — a combination of genomic profiling and drug-sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor cells — can be used to provide personalized treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with relapsed or treatment-refractory cancers. The maze on the cover depicts the challenge of determining the most effective treatment option for pediatric cancers once standard-of-care therapies are no longer an option, and the brain represents functional precision medicine, which could indicate an effective path forward for doctors and their patients. See De La Rocha et al. Image: Oscar Negret, Florida International University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.txt

groundtruth

30_9.txt

train

Nature Geoscience

17_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_10.png

D

Watershed nitrate removal by interacting wetlands Depending on their connectivity to the river network, wetlands can be much more efficient at removing nitrate in a watershed than common nitrogen mitigation strategies according to an analysis of the Minnesota River basin. The image looks down through the vegetation in one of the many wetlands in the Minnesota River basin. See Hansen et al. Image: Amy Hansen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/11_11.txt

vitg

11_11.txt

High humidity in the warm Eocene Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions. See van Dijk et al. Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt

clip

13_2.txt

Holocene temperature trends in the Arctic are unclear. An isotope record from ice wedges in Siberia suggests that winters have warmed since the mid-Holocene, whereas summer temperatures have cooled. The image shows a Pleistocene ice wedge on Muostakh Island, North Siberia, in August 2012. Letter p122 IMAGE: THOMAS OPEL COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_11.txt

ave_1

8_11.txt

Ancient human influence on wildfires A shift towards more frequent, less intense fires in Australia began about 11,000 years ago due to management by indigenous societies, according to charcoal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon records from cored lake sediments extending back 150,000 years. The image shows a raft-mounted hydraulic coring rig on Girraween Lagoon, northern Australia, looking over to Eucalypt savanna woodland. Middle right is the raft-mounted hydraulic coring rig used to take 18 metres of sediment from the bottom of the lake. See Bird et al. Image: Chris Wurster, James Cook University. Cover Design: Alex Wing

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_10.txt

groundtruth

17_10.txt

val

ACS Infectious Diseases

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_6.png

D

This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt

vith

2020_11.txt

The cover depicts a microbiome wherein E. coli (blue) responds to quorum sensing signaling molecules produced by other bacteria. This issue features an article by Styles et al. who report new chemical modulators of an E. coli quorum sensing receptor and the characterization of the mode-of-action of a covalent inhibitor using top-down mass spectrometry.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_1.txt

ave_2

2020_1.txt

The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt

clip

2022_10.txt

ELQ-596, a new 3-biaryl endochin-like quinolone, has enhanced potency in vitro against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. ELQ-598, a prodrug of ELQ-596, is more effective vs murine malaria than its progenitor ELQ-331 by 4- to 10-fold, suggesting that lower doses could be used to protect humans against malaria

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_6.txt

groundtruth

2024_6.txt

train

Nature Microbiology

9_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_8.png

D

Functional fluctuations in faecal flora Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked. See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al. Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt

clip

3_10.txt

Functional roles in tree holes Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures. See Rivett and Bell Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_6.txt

vith

3_6.txt

Focus on microbial ecology Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field. See Editorial Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt

vitg

9_5.txt

Range expansion promotes cheaters Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies develop spatial patterns through cooperative swarming. During experimental evolution experiments, cheaters emerged, leading to the disruption of the spatial patterns and a decline in population fitness. The authors found that populations were more vulnerable to invading cheaters in a spatially extended system due to a higher level of cooperation. This collapse of cooperation during microbial range expansion is shown to be tied to its spatial dynamics: spatial structure promoted the invasion of cheaters, while in well-mixed cultures cheaters remained at low frequencies. See Luo et al. Credit line: Nan Luo. Cover design: Valentina Monaco

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_8.txt

groundtruth

9_8.txt

train

Nature Reviews Chemistry

8_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.png

C

Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al. Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt

clip

7_11.txt

Silk is synonymous with luxury, but silk-chemistry extends beyond textiles. This cover image details the structure of silk fibroin polymer chains, which are extracted from silkworm cocoons, and consists of neatly folded crystalline domains connected by amorphous coils. Silk fibroin can be functionalised by carboxylation and coupling reactions to fine-tune its physicochemical properties. Crosslinking reactions facilitate network formation in composite biomaterials. The applications of silk fibroin are legion ranging from tissue adhesives to thermoplastics, for use from biosensing to 3D printing. See Sahoo et al. Image: Yu-Ting Dingle. Cover design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_8.txt

vitg

7_8.txt

Inserting atoms, ions or molecules between the pristine molecular layers of a 2D material can have a remarkable effect on its properties. Such fine tuning can be exploited to optimize the properties of these materials for applications in thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. The intercalation process can be studied in real-time by in situ imaging and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The cover image illustrates a typical intercalation process of foreign species moving into the gaps between a layered material. See Yang et al. Cover Image: Ruijie Yang, Zhiyuan Zeng. Cover design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.txt

groundtruth

8_7.txt

Triboelectric charging is one of the oldest reported scientific observations. But until recently, our understanding of this process has been limited. New approaches, both experimental and theoretical, have begun to address the phenomenon from the perspective of quantum mechanics, surface chemistry and statistical physics and enable us to understand the competing and dynamic processes taking place. See Lacks & Shinbrot Image and Design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_5.txt

vith

3_5.txt

train

Cancer Cell

43_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/43_1.png

D

On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices (pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_12.txt

vitg

39_12.txt

On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity and immigration for the future of cancer research.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_4.txt

clip

38_4.txt

On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439) dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_2.txt

vith

40_2.txt

On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr. Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and beyond.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_1.txt

groundtruth

43_1.txt

test

Joule

8_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_12.png

B

On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics, and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_3.txt

clip

5_3.txt

On the cover: In this issue, Ge et al. show that the insulating quartz networks embedded into the natural chalcocite can block the long-range migration of Cu ions and construct a voltage divider circuit for realizing excellent electrical stability and thermoelectric performance in the natural mixed mineral. The cover art shows the natural mineral that can directly convert temperature gradient to the electricity; the highlighted network structures in the minerals are the keys to realizing the excellent thermoelectric performance. Image credit: Dr. Prof. Zhen-Hua Ge.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_12.txt

groundtruth

8_12.txt

On the cover: The cover image depicts AI as becoming critical to overcome the rapidly widening gap between the existing computational capabilities and the evolving needs of the electric power industry to cope with the massively increasing complexity and uncertainty in the electric grid amidst the transition to a low-carbon energy future. In this issue of Joule, Hamann et al. show how emerging AI foundation models are an ideal technology platform to collaborate across the sector in a moonshot to harness emerging AI capabilities, which will enable much more computationally efficient models, by orders of magnitude, for planning, managing, and controlling the electric grid while providing high performance, adaptability, and scalability. Artist/source: Lara Karadogan, IBM Research ([email protected]).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_1.txt

ave_1

8_1.txt

On the Cover: The prevailing perovskite solar cells employ Pb-based organic-inorganic halide perovskites as light absorbers, raising concerns regarding their inevitable toxicity and instability. In this issue of Joule, Chen, Zhou, Padture, et al. (pp. 558–570) utilize the nontoxic and earth-abundant element Ti to replace Pb in making planar-heterojunction solar cells with Cs2TiBr6 perovskite. In the cover image, the green Ti atoms flow into the crystal structures to replace toxic Pb atoms, creating vacancy-ordered double perovskites. Such solar cells show stable efficiency and high open-circuit voltage (>1 V), which can be used to generate electricity from sunlight. Cover art by MyScimage.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_10.txt

ave_2

2_10.txt

test

Science Robotics

9_93

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_93.png

C

ONLINE COVER Robust robots. The ability of robots to endure severe damage, as well as offer the possibility for repair, can enable their deployment in challenging settings. Kim et al. have developed aerial robots that can endure several punctures while sustaining controlled flight. The dielectric elastomer actuators on the robots were also designed to be repairable by using laser ablation to isolate the defects and recover their performance. This month’s cover is a photograph of the aerial robot showing one dielectric elastomer actuator pierced with fiberglass needles. Credit: Yi-Husan Hsiao and Sampson Wilcox

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_76.txt

vith

8_76.txt

ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt

clip

8_80.txt

ONLINE COVER A Variable-Stiffness Deformable Wheel. Wheels have a low cost of transport over flat ground but struggle to overcome large obstacles. Inspired by the surface tension of a water droplet, Lee et al. developed a morphing wheel that rolls over flat ground in the circular high-modulus state and deforms over obstacles in the low-modulus state. The modulus of the wheel is changed in real time by adjusting the tension in the spoke structure. This month’s cover depicts a two-wheeled mobile platform with variable-stiffness wheels in the low-modulus state rolling over an irregularly shaped rock outdoors. Credit: Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, photo by Sinabro Studio

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_93.txt

groundtruth

9_93.txt

ONLINE COVER Opening Doors. Robot swarms are designed to achieve complex global behaviors through simple local interactions between robots with very rudimentary sensing and locomotive abilities. Boudet et al. demonstrate that a swarm of primitive, centimeter-scale, vibrating robots bound by a deformable metal scaffold can give rise to directional motion. The mechanically coupled motion of the simple robots and the scaffold enable nontrivial space exploration in specifically configured environments. This month's cover is a photograph of a swarm of simple robots in a flexible membrane passing through a door. [CREDIT: HAMID KELLAY, JEAN FRANÇOIS BOUDET, BENJAMIN GORIN/UNIVERSITY OFBORDEAUX]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_56.txt

vitg

6_56.txt

train

Nature Nanotechnology

19_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.png

C

The ultimate resolution for printing colour images is dictated by the diffraction limit of visible light. To achieve this limit, Joel K. W. Yang and co-workers from IMRE, A*STAR in Singapore use a nanopatterned surface composed of silverâgold nanoposts and a backreflector over a silicon substrate. The metallic nanostructures interact with the incident light of a bright-field microscope through surface plasmon resonances and reflect a wide range of colours depending on the diameter and spacing of the nanoposts. The cover shows a false colour close-up of this nanopatterned surface coding for a portion of the left eye in the famous Lena image. The colours of the nanoposts correspond to the actual reflected wavelength, as seen through a bright-field microscope. Letters p557; News & Views p550 IMAGE: KARTHIK KUMAR, HUIGAO DUAN, RAVI S. HEGDE, SAMUEL C. W. KOH, JENNIFER N. WEI AND JOEL K. W. YANG COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_4.txt

vitg

7_4.txt

The brightest colours in nature arise from the interaction of light with surfaces that exhibit periodic structure on the micro and nanoscales. In the wings of butterflies, for example, a combination of multilayer interference, optical gratings, photonic crystals and other optical structures gives rise to complex colour mixing, but it remains a challenge to create artificial replicas of natural photonic structures. Now Ulrich Steiner, Jeremy Baumberg and co-workers have used a combination of growth processes — including self-assembly, sputtering and atomic-layer deposition — to fabricate photonic structures that mimic the colour-mixing effect found on the wings of the Papilio blumei butterfly, and to make new structures that display enhanced optical properties. The background image is an optical micrograph of a scale taken from a butterfly wing. Cover design by Karen Moore Letter p511

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/5_6.txt

clip

5_6.txt

Complete photonic bandgap in the visible The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light. See Yang et al. Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt

groundtruth

19_1.txt

Research into public perceptions of nanotechnology is becoming more rigorous with social scientists developing and testing increasingly complex theoretical models, as demonstrated by three papers in this issue. Dan Kahan and coworkers investigated the influence of cultural factors - in particular, whether individuals were pro- or anti-commerce - on attitudes towards the risks and benefits associated with nanotechnology; Dietram Scheufele and colleagues combined the results of public surveys in the US and Europe to explore the influence of religious beliefs on public perceptions of nanotechnology. In the third study Nick Pidgeon and co-workers found that energy applications of nanotechnology were viewed more positively than health applications in workshops organized in the UK and the US. (Image credit: Dariusz Miszkiel/123RF.) Cover design by Karen Moore Letters p87, 91 and 95; News & Views p79; Editorial p71

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/4_11.txt

ave_3

4_11.txt

train

ACS Sensors

2024_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_12.png

A

A novel Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-based fluorescent sensor for imaging the spatial organization of HER2 receptors on the membrane of HER2 overexpressing cancer cells. When the receptors are clustered, the molecules undergo a reversible “turn-on” process. The clusters are disrupted upon exposure to an immunotherapy (Trastuzumab), reducing the emission.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_12.txt

groundtruth

2024_12.txt

The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_6.txt

ave_1

2016_6.txt

This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt

clip

2025_1.txt

The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt

ave_2

2024_1.txt

val

Nano Letters

2025_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_9.png

C

We report a novel, red-detuned, swing-up excitation of a quantum emitter (represented as the Bloch sphere) to produce high-purity single photons without the need for polarization filtering. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2022_9.txt

vitg

2022_9.txt

The cover image was made by using Adobe Photoshop, and parts of the image such as the human body, viruses, and drug capsules were edited from Microsoft Bing Image Creator (with AI prompt), Midjourney Inc, and Shutter Stock, respectively.]

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2024_6.txt

clip

2024_6.txt

The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_9.txt

groundtruth

2025_9.txt

This work demonstrates a novel strategy to kinetically control enzyme-instructed self-assembly of the peptides in living cells by using host

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2022_7.txt

vith

2022_7.txt

train

Matter

7_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_8.png

A

On the cover: This month's cover pays homage to the art nouveau style of vintage alcohol ads during the early 20th century, specifically the famous “Woman Tips Giant Martini Glass” ad for Balsam Aperitif by F.X. de Beukelaer distillers, highlighting the hydrophobic drops of the beverage. In this issue, Jiang and colleagues demonstrate that the contact angles of alcoholic beverages follow a step-like behavior at critical points, which also correlates to the alcohol content and temperature preference of popular beverages such as beer, wine, whisky, or Chinese baijiu.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_8.txt

groundtruth

7_8.txt

On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives, five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks, Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover, contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc., i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt

vitg

4_1.txt

On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers. We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake, decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt

vith

3_5.txt

On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across 48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors (Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new contributions to the materials community.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt

clip

6_6.txt

val

iScience

27_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_10.png

D

On the cover: The image represents that industrial production, mining, and the use of metals and related compounds have led to escalated and intensified environmental pollutions with heavy metals on our planet. High sensitivity to toxic heavy metal ions mediated by ionotropic receptors helps Drosophilidae to avoid such a polluted environment. Image credit: Fanchen Kong.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_7.txt

ave_3

26_7.txt

On the cover: The image represents a giant clam Tridacna crocea that displays a mantle where photosynthetic symbiotic algae harbor. Giant clams thrive in oligotrophic tropical waters and rely on the symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae called zooxanthellae. An algal betaine lipid, from a class of phosphorus-free membrane lipids, is incorporated and utilized by the clam tissues and cells. This “smart utilization” of algal lipids may help clams survive in poorly nourished coral reef waters. Image credit: Ryuichi Sakai.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_5.txt

clip

26_5.txt

On the cover: Colonization of the plant root by beneficial microbes contributes to plant resiliency and keeps away pathogens. Nordgaard et al. (2022) exploit the rapid migration of the plant probiotic Bacillus subtilis from one root to another, thereby understanding the traits involved in the life cycle of this bacterium in the laboratory and experimentally evolving enhanced colonization. Cover art by Dr. Lizah van der Aart.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_6.txt

ave_2

25_6.txt

On the cover: The cover image, related to the article by Li et al., vividly depicts the unique microbial ecosystem during the Cambrian “explosion.” Here, increased microbially induced erosion, particularly by boring cyanobacteria Endoconchia, significantly influenced the shell calcification process, resulting in the evolution of complex and densely packed tubule systems in shells of Nomgoliella, one of earliest mineralized mollusks recovered from western Mongolia. Image credit: Xi Liu and Luoyang Li.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_10.txt

groundtruth

27_10.txt

train

Nature Astronomy

8_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_7.png

D

Neutrinos from a blazar flare Blazars, powered by an accreting supermassive black hole, launch collimated relativistic outflows (pictured) that are among the brightest persistent radiation sources in the Universe. The recent IceCube detection of a very-high-energy neutrino from the blazar TXS0506 + 056 in coincidence with a multi-wavelength flare implies that blazars can accelerate cosmic rays beyond petaelectronvolt energies, challenging conventional theoretical models. See Gao et al. and News & Views by Pian Image: DESY, Science Communication Lab. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_12.txt

ave_2

3_12.txt

Black hole’s stellar fury The discovery of quasi-periodic eruptions, caused by the repeated and partial tidal disruption of a star around a supermassive black hole, may explain both the hours-long quasi-periodicity in active galactic nuclei and the days-long nuclear transient periodicity observed in compact binary systems. See Evans et al. Image: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith (USRA/GESTAR). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_2.txt

ave_3

7_2.txt

Faster-than-fast blasts from the past Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches. See Snelders et al. Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt

clip

7_1.txt

The bated bang behind the burst The brightest gamma-ray burst of all time, GRB 221009A, has a fairly modest supernova behind it, according to JWST observations. This finding demonstrates that the GRB and supernova mechanisms are decoupled, and suggests that other factors must be responsible for the extreme energetics involved. See Blanchard et al. Image: Aaron M. Geller, Northwestern, CIERA & IT Research Computing and Data Services. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_7.txt

groundtruth

8_7.txt

test

Cell Reports

43_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_3.png

B

On the cover: The cover depicts confocal microscopy of Iceberg (CARD18) inserted into an artistically modified cross-section of a human macrophage. Homotypic CARD-CARD interactions facilitate the formation of CARD protein filaments, which may eventually collapse into punctate structures and have been observed for many of the inflammasome-associated proteins. Stehlik et al. demonstrate that CARD18 inhibits inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation. Cover design by Elisabeth Jäger and Christian Stehlik.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/42_10.txt

vith

42_10.txt

On the cover: Navigating crevasses at night is aided by spatial learning and memory, which requires forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP). In this issue of Cell Reports, Rumian et al. describe how the different phases of LTP are mediated by distinct CaMKII functions. The picture was taken on the slopes of Cotopaxi, an active stratovolcano in Ecuador, by Ulli Bayer.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_3.txt

groundtruth

43_3.txt

On the cover: In this issue of Cell Reports, D'Eletto et al. report that TG2 interacts with GRP75, a protein localized in the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). TG2 regulates the number of ER/mitochondria contact sites and Ca2+ flux, indicating a key regulatory role in the MAMs. These data suggest that TG2 plays a part in the dynamic regulation of MAMs. Image of a girl with a mitochondrion balloon created by Carlo Aloisio for Studio Anonimo.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/25_1.txt

clip

25_1.txt

On the cover: Human pluripotent stem cell lines that contain additional copies of the WNT3 and WNT9B genes, at 17q21.31, undergo rapid dopaminergic differentiation. The image shows BG03 cells, which contain duplications of WNT3 and WNT9B, in the upper left and BG01V2 cells, with trisomy 17, in the background. After 16 days, colonies of both cell lines contain numerous cells positive for the neuronal marker TUJ1 (green) and the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (red).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/10_9.txt

ave_1

10_9.txt

train

ACS Applied Engineering Materials

2024_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_3.png

A

View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_3.txt

groundtruth

2024_3.txt

Electrochemical writing hydrogen bubbles on paper: Defect engineered MoS2 particles attached on conductive and porous pyrolyzed paper enables region-specific, tunable, and high-performance hydrogen evolution. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_11.txt

vitg

2023_11.txt

A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt

clip

2024_5.txt

Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt

vith

2024_8.txt

train

Trends in Chemistry

6_14

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_14.png

A

Automation in chemical research fosters innovation and efficiency but introduces a critical dilemma—selecting the appropriate development approach for automated platforms. This decision involves choosing between fixed automation, known for specialized setups, and flexible automation, valued for its adaptability. In their Forum article, Hein et al. offer an introductory guide to the decision-making process in adopting automation platforms. The article conducts a comparative analysis of fixed and flexible automation, providing insights for researchers navigating the intricate landscape of deploying automated platforms. Image Credit: Tyler R. Donnelly and Rama El-khawaldeh.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_14.txt

groundtruth

6_14.txt

In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_9.txt

ave_1

1_9.txt

Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration, there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders in chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some of the milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt

vith

6_6.txt

In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_10.txt

clip

1_10.txt

train

iScience

27_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_9.png

A

On the cover: People's vision for a future electricity system is decentralized, willing to accept trade-offs, as shown in Mey et al. The picture captures this future vision with a person walking toward a small-scale wind farm (six turbines) in the vicinity of several villages and settlements in central Germany. Image credit: Lech Aleksandrowicz.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_9.txt

groundtruth

27_9.txt

On the cover: The image represents that industrial production, mining, and the use of metals and related compounds have led to escalated and intensified environmental pollutions with heavy metals on our planet. High sensitivity to toxic heavy metal ions mediated by ionotropic receptors helps Drosophilidae to avoid such a polluted environment. Image credit: Fanchen Kong.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_7.txt

vitg

26_7.txt

On the cover: The image represents an oniric virtual reality environment that shows how a physical activity, like cycling, improves spatial memory and could benefit both fitness and cognition. Image credit: Nadia de la Cruz.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_9.txt

clip

26_9.txt

On the cover: The waves and water balloons represent transfected neoblasts in vitro expressing exogenous NanoLuc mRNA. The dark sky is full of black holes, indicating unknown mysteries in the planarian research field. The tree with fresh leaves in the river stands for the tremendous efforts and strides in the field. The black holes remaining to be filled indicate requirements for new tools to study the unknown mysteries in planarians. Image credit: Kai Lei.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_10.txt

vith

26_10.txt

train

NATURE METHODS

21_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_9.png

C

The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt

ave_2

11_3.txt

Mass spectrometry–based targeted proteomics, our choice for Method of the Year 2012, is allowing biologists to follow sets of proteins with high sensitivity, reliability and quantitative accuracy. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Special feature starts on p19.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/10_12.txt

vith

10_12.txt

Advanced nanopore-based peptide sequencing Peptide sequencing by nanopore: a crow drops grapes into a pitcher with a narrow neck, representing the cleavage of a peptide into amino acids and their subsequent detection by a modified nanopore. See Zhang et al. Image: Li Zhao, Sichuan University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_9.txt

groundtruth

21_9.txt

20 years of Nature Methods This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature. See Editorial Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt

clip

21_3.txt

test

ACS Synthetic Biology

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_5.png

A

. Co-utilization of type I and type II PTSs facilitates the relocation of the nine-gene limonene biosynthesis pathway by using just three expression cassettes. Dual-regulation in peroxisome and cytoplasm is achieved and employed for enhancing

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_5.txt

groundtruth

2024_5.txt

This cover describes a method of metabolic engineering for the production of ectoine based on the heterologous expression of ectoine synthesis-related genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum to increase ectoine production.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.txt

ave_2

2024_6.txt

This cover describes an engineered metabolic negative feedback circuit that regulates fatty acid production in response to the cellular concentration of a key intermediate, malonyl-CoA, in Escherichia coli. Artwork by Yu Xia and Di Liu based on DOI: 10.1021/sb400158w.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_11.txt

clip

2015_11.txt

The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt

ave_1

2016_8.txt

train

Nature Reviews Chemistry

8_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_9.png

B

The availability of synthetic DNA is outstripped by its growing number of uses. With applications in engineering biology, therapy, data storage and nanotechnology, the demand for synthetic DNA is increasing. New technologies have been developed and commercialised to meet this need. By analogy to the advances in word processing, this cover image represents how technological advances can improve the efficiency and scale of DNA syntheses. See Hoose et al. Image: Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_10.txt

clip

7_10.txt

Upconversion enables the energy of two long wavelength photons to be combined, resulting in photoexcitation that would otherwise require a single short wavelength photon. Longer wavelength photons penetrate more deeply and so upconversion is especially useful for phototherapy and applications of photochemical reactions on a large scale. This process is shown on the cover where a green target absorbs two red incident rays and emits a single blue ray. See Huang et al. Cover design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_9.txt

groundtruth

8_9.txt

Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al. Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt

vitg

7_11.txt

Discovery and design of new therapeutics require understanding of processes across different spatiotemporal scales. The development of multiscale simulation techniques enables us to simultaneously study drug mechanism of action at both atomic and cellular level. The cover image is a representative example of a quantum mechanics–molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model of an enzyme–drug complex (data from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (21), pp 8001–8015). Image: Adrian Mulholland, Pek IeongDesign: Rachael Tremlett

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_9.txt

vith

2_9.txt

val

Trends in Biotechnology

43_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.png

A

Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement. In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care. Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.txt

groundtruth

43_2.txt

Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion. Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt

vith

31_11.txt

On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto and design is by Paige Shaklee.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt

vitg

31_5.txt

Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement. In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care. Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.txt

clip

43_1.txt

train

ACS Chemical Biology

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.png

D

This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis. Image credit: Benyin Zhang

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_6.txt

ave_3

2017_6.txt

DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt

clip

2011_9.txt

A harmonious collection of glycans and glycoconjugates, called the glycocalyx, encases many cells to orchestrate interactions with the extracellular environment. Cover image by Cristina Corbaci, Meg Critcher, Timothy O

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2021_3.txt

ave_2

2021_3.txt

screening of 41716 compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identifies pre-clinical anticancer mycotoxins chaetocin and chetomin as potent inducers of novel nuclear metal homeostasis protein NUMR-1/2 in the alimentary canal. Chaetomiaceae fungi and C. elegans inhabit similar environments, raising the possibility that NUMR-1/2 functions as a resistance mechanism.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.txt

groundtruth

2024_8.txt

test

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

2024_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_4.png

C

The cover illustrates the general classification of allosteric modulators. This issue features an Article by Gado et al. in which the identification of the first synthetic PAM of the CB2 receptors is disclosed. (Gado, F.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00368) View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_24.txt

vith

2019_24.txt

A single-dose oral administration of a natural-product-derived candidate 5 (3 mg/kg) can inhibit >80% of DPP-4 activity for over 7 days in vivo and present long-term antidiabetic efficacies. (Li, S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01491)

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_20.txt

vitg

2019_20.txt

1,2,4-Triazole-3-thione derivative HD2 is a highly potent and selective DCN1 inhibitor with favorable PK properties and low toxicity. Additionally, HD2 effectively relieved Ang II/TGFβ-induced cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro and reduced ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis as well as remodeling in vivo

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_4.txt

groundtruth

2024_4.txt

The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt

clip

2018_2.txt

train

ACS Macro Letters

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_6.png

A

Blue butterflies (reagents) try to access to the flowers (catalytic sites) either arranged randomly on the surface of the left tree (dendrimer) or precisely on the surface of the right tree (dendrimer). After reaching the flowers, blue butterflies are transformed to orange butterflies (products).

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_6.txt

groundtruth

2024_6.txt

The cover art demonstrates the helix-forming thin films, which have the ability to emit strong circularly polarized luminescence (indicating iCPL behavior) and to absorb specific circularly polarized light (also indicating iCPL behavior).

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.txt

vith

2024_7.txt

This study reports the self-excited fluorescence of a microscale-damaged microchannel inside a nanocomposite under the influence of an electric field. The imaging results present the spatial development morphology of electrical trees inside the polymer. This work aids in the precision imaging-guided structural design of nano dielectrics and has practical application potential in extreme environments.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_4.txt

vitg

2023_4.txt

Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt

clip

2024_1.txt

train

Cell Metabolism

36_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_2.png

A

On the cover: In this issue, Liao et al. reveal amino acid as a major carbon supplier for fatty acid synthesis in the liver. The landscape painting metaphorically illustrates the distinct metabolic fates of amino acid and carbohydrate: (1) the blue waterfall representing amino acid flux pours directly into the liver-shaped yellow pool symbolizing hepatic lipid deposition; (2) the red river depicting glucose flux first drains into a lake portraying glycogen synthesis, and the remaining branch winds through indirect pathways for conversion to lactate/acetate before reaching the downstream pool. Illustration by Yilie Liao and Yun Gu.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_2.txt

groundtruth

36_2.txt

On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt

ave_1

36_6.txt

On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research. As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt

vitg

21_6.txt

On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which, in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption. Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_4.txt

clip

36_4.txt

val

Nature Machine Intelligence

6_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_1.png

D

Learning from human decision making Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms. See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt

clip

1_9.txt

Intelligent collaboration within reach As robots are becoming skilled at performing complex tasks, the next step is to enable useful and safe interactions with humans. To effectively collaborate with and assist us, robots need to be able to understand human actions and intent. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features an Article describing a game theoretic approach for adaptive human–robot collaboration, as well as a Comment that considers how several trends in robotics and AI research are merging for a fresh take on collaborative robotics. See Li et al., News & Views by Drnach & Ting and Comment by Goldberg Image: Robert Adrian Hillman/Alamy Stock Vector (hands); GoMixer/Alamy Stock Vector (machine). Cover Design: Karen Moore.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_12.txt

vitg

1_12.txt

Pre-trained knowledge for lifelike movements Utilizing pre-training holds great promise in legged robotics to produce effective movements. Han et al. propose a hierarchical framework that reuses pre-trained knowledge across various levels of task and perception. The cover image shows their quadrupedal robot MAX, developed by Tencent Robotics X, which demonstrates lifelike agility and strategic game-playing abilities. See Han et al. Image: Robotics X, Tencent Holdings Ltd. Cover design: Emily Paul

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.txt

ave_2

6_6.txt

Learned social interaction patterns Biomimetic robots can be used to study animal social behaviour. Jia et al. designed an interactive robot and use imitation learning to provide it with subtle templates of social behaviour. Through long-term and repetitive interactions, the robot can modulate the emotional state of rats. The image shows a rat-like robot interacting with a freely behaving rat by expressing complex postures. See Jia et al. Image: Qing Shi, Beijing Institute of Technology. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_1.txt

groundtruth

6_1.txt

train

Science Immunology

10_103

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/10_103.png

A

ONLINE COVER Reversing the Hands of Time. Inflammaging is the age-associated increase in systemic inflammation, which can have negative effects on blood cell production and the immune system. Using a mouse model of premature hematopoietic aging, Ramalingam et al. identified thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as a driver of age-associated changes to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Deletion of Thbs1 prevented HSC myeloid bias, loss of HSC self-renewal, and systemic signs of inflammaging in aged mice. This month’s cover illustration depicts the process of HSC inflammaging as a pocket watch. Thbs1 gene deletion causes the watch hands to move backwards, which reverses aging-associated HSC defects and turns back the clock on inflammaging. Credit: Rioka Hayama

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/10_103.txt

groundtruth

10_103.txt

ONLINE COVER Double Feature. This month's cover illustration is an artist's depiction of changes in intratumoral CD8+ T cell function elicited by combination cancer immunotherapy. Wang et al. report that treatment with both agonist anti-GITR and blocking anti-PD-1 antibodies (only affecting the right half of the T cell) triggers transcriptional pathways that lead to enhanced cellular activation (orange cell membrane) and increased cytokine production (dark blue ovals emerging from cell surface). Synergistic activation of the in vivo CD8+ T cell response is associated with robust tumor elimination (with tan cancer cells infiltrating only alongside the untreated left half of the T cell). [CREDIT: RACHEL URKOWITZ]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/3_29.txt

vith

3_29.txt

ONLINE COVER On the Clock. During pregnancy, the mother's organ systems, including her immune system, adapt to the growing fetus. By carrying out high-dimensional analyses of immune responses in pregnant women, Aghaeepour et al. have charted immune system adaptations during the course of a human pregnancy. This immunological time line is critical for healthy mothers and babies. [CREDIT: JONYA/ISTOCKPHOTO]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_15.txt

ave_2

2_15.txt

ONLINE COVER Clock-Watching Intestinal ILC3s. On this month's cover is a sundial, one of the earliest methods to keep track of time. Teng et al. and Wang et al. found that expression of several key genes in murine intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) exhibited circadian oscillation. Deletion of key circadian clock genes in mice compromised intestinal ILC3 development and function. The roles that clock genes play in ILC3 biology are discussed by Burrows and Mortha in a related Focus. [CREDIT: ISTOCK.COM/DBENCEK]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_40.txt

clip

4_40.txt

train

ACS Sensors

2024_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_3.png

A

Ripe pears can undergo alcoholic fermentation. They release ethanol. Our system, based on enzymatic reactions, can image the distribution of ethanol released from pears. In other words, it is a conversion of odor information into visual information. It is expected that intelligent olfactory sensor systems will be used in agriculture, for example, to locate and sort ripe fruit based on odor-visual information.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_3.txt

groundtruth

2024_3.txt

The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt

ave_1

2024_1.txt

The cover shows a configuration of a resistive-type gas sensor based on Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers. A facile solvothermal approach for Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers with well-defined morphologies is demonstrated. The incorporation of Al ions into NiO nanocrystals contributes to a remarkable difference in changes of the carrier concentration and distribution of oxygen component, offering excellent sensing characteristics in detecting and recognizing ethanol gas molecules. Image created by Chen Wang. See DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00123.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_11.txt

ave_2

2016_11.txt

This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt

clip

2025_1.txt

train

ACS Sustainable Resource Management

2024_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.png

A

Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt

groundtruth

2024_12.txt

The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt

clip

2024_11.txt

On the journal cover a degraded perovskite photovoltaic device is depicted in the back. The recent work of Bogachuk et al. demonstrates an effective end-of-life strategy to reuse part of the device and remanufacture such solar cells and modules via a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach, which strongly reduces their carbon footprint.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.txt

ave_2

2024_10.txt

The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt

ave_3

2024_7.txt

train

ACS Chemical Biology

2024_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_9.png

D

DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2011_9.txt

ave_2

2011_9.txt

The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.txt

clip

2024_5.txt

The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt

ave_1

2014_5.txt

Cancer cells showed an incredible adaptive tumor response to the inhibition of the sequentially mutated EGFR, triggering the need of designing novel mutant-selective TKIs.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_9.txt

groundtruth

2024_9.txt

train

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

25_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.png

B

‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt

clip

24_9.txt

‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.txt

groundtruth

25_7.txt

COVER: ‘Fluid motion’, inspired by the Review on p326. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_7.txt

vitg

22_7.txt

‘On the same wavelength’, inspired by the Perspective on p181. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_10.txt

vith

22_10.txt

train

Molecular Cell

85_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_3.png

D

On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Newton et al. (pp. 3533–3545) reveal how DNA topology regulates Cas9 off-target activity. Using single-molecule microscopy, NGS, and live-cell editing, they show that negative DNA supercoiling increases Cas9 off-target activity across the human genome. In the same way that they were able to manipulate and unwind individual DNA molecules, the artwork depicts two hands untwisting the DNA, exposing a Cas9 off-target site. This beautiful illustration is brought to life by the Dotted Leafs art team with Matt Newton's and David Rueda's assistance.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_6.txt

vith

83_6.txt

On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wong et al. (pp. 3–16) use fluorescence microscopy to track the processing of DNA lesions during DNA replication in a time- and space-resolved manner in budding yeast. The image shows individual cells of one of the strains used in this study, where key factors localized in and around the nucleus are visualized by means of fluorescent protein tags: the single-stranded DNA-binding RPA complex, shown here in green, serves as a reporter for sites of damaged DNA; the nuclear periphery is decorated in red, and nuclear pores are in blue. The study shows how—in response to polymerase-blocking lesions—local clusters of single-stranded DNA emerge in the wake of replication forks and are resolved far away from sites of ongoing genome replication in dedicated subnuclear compartments, so-called postreplicative repair territories (PORTs).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/77_6.txt

vitg

77_6.txt

On the cover: The artwork, designed by Gianluca Matera and Imma Matera (Tipstudio) and realized by Imma Matera, represents the main findings of the research article from Matera et al. (pp. 629–644) in this issue of Molecular Cell. The central part of the graphic shows an actual porous sponge (OppX RNA in the article) in the process of absorbing RNA molecules (sRNAs such as MicF). The sponging events lead to optimized nutrient transport, artistically realized with pearl chains (oligopeptides) passing through holes (porins). The choice of the background colors were purely based on aesthetic reasons.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/82_22.txt

clip

82_22.txt

On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation, and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages, tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_3.txt

groundtruth

85_3.txt

val

Trends in Cancer

10_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_7.png

C

To celebrate the 1st anniversary of Trends in Cancer, we reflect with excitement on the new frontiers shaping the cancer field landscape. On pages 534–548 in this issue, we welcome José Baselga, Jennifer Doudna, Suzanne Cory, Mel Greaves, Barbara Dunn and Paul Workman to hear their vision of the leading priorities for advancing cancer research and clinical care and “ending cancer as we know it”. Cover design by Kip Lyall.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_3.txt

vitg

2_3.txt

Fast-paced advances in single-cell sequencing technologies allow unprecedent ways to probe tumor development, evolution, and response to therapies. On pages 13–19, González-Silva et al. discuss the opportunities and roadblocks to use these technologies to unravel the complexities of tumor heterogeneity, and translation into patient care. Cover design by Kip Lyall.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_13.txt

vith

6_13.txt

An immune rich microenvironment correlates with improved outcomes for patients with breast cancer and response to chemotherapies, forming the rationale for T cell-based immunotherapies in the treatment of some forms of breast cancer. In this issue, Rayson et al. review the composition of the immune infiltrates in breast cancer and discuss its pertinent role in identifying biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade and for effective combination therapy strategies. The cover represents a tumor microenvironment (garden) filled with a variety of immune cell types (flower variety) that contribute to the tumor’s growth or suppression. Image courtesy of gettyimages/Pobytov.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_7.txt

groundtruth

10_7.txt

Tumor cell dormancy has been linked to late cancer relapse. On pages 66–78 in this issue, Prunier et al. examine recent evidence pointing to a central role for TGF-β signaling in regulating mechanisms of cellular dormancy, and discuss therapeutic approaches. Cover design by Kip Lyall.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/5_12.txt

clip

5_12.txt

train

Nature Reviews Endocrinology

21_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.png

C

The role of the gut microbiota in body weight homeostasis, inspired by the Review on p258. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_8.txt

clip

19_8.txt

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cells, inspired by the Review on p455. Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_5.txt

vitg

17_5.txt

Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14. Cover design: Edward Byrne

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt

groundtruth

21_2.txt

COVER: Emerging complications of diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p525. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_4.txt

vith

18_4.txt

val

Cell Stem Cell

31_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_1.png

A

On the cover: In this issue, Shen and Zaballa et al. report on using Yamanaka factors (YF) for partial reprogramming in the mouse brain. During development, YF induction results in increased neural proliferation, cortex expansion, and improved behavior. Similar induction at adult stages improves neuron plasticity and prevents the development of several Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks. The cover image depicts a white, leafless winter tree that represents the aging neuron. A segment of a branch, drawn in green with pink flowers, symbolizes the effects of partial reprogramming in the brain, suggesting new neuron growth and rejuvenation. Cover composed by Julia Kuhl.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_1.txt

groundtruth

31_1.txt

On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology, the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt

clip

28_1.txt

On the cover: Over the past year, Cell Stem Cell has featured 71 early-career researchers, all pictured here, who shared insights about their research and how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their labs and lives. In this issue, we mark the closing of this article series with a set of interviews and essays from some of the participants. We hear from Viny (799–801), Shahbazi (796–798), Elias (802–804), Mogessie (793–795), and Zhang (805–807) in Stories about their personal triumphs, lessons, and challenges brought to the forefront over this past year. We also revisit some constant themes across the series in Q&As about starting a brand new lab during the pandemic (with Tikhnova, Xiang, and Gifford, 808–810), strategies for adapting to new environments (with Nora, Naik, and Musah, 811–813), and how support from colleagues and institutions have helped ECRs navigate these unprecedented times (with Kawaguchi and Kemaladewi, 814–815).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_8.txt

vitg

28_8.txt

On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt

vith

8_1.txt

train

Science Advances

11_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_6.png

B

ONLINE COVER A frontlit lithophane graphic of the reaction for isoamyl acetate. To increase the access to high-resolution data for people with blindness, lithophane graphics were developed using 3D-printing. Alonzo et al. report the creation of lithophane codices with greater resolution and an unlimited range of protuberance compared to existing swell form graphics. High school students with blindness were able to accurately interpret lithophanes of esterification reactions, despite little or no prior training in chemistry or experience with lithophanes, resulting in an increased student interest and sense of belonging in science. Credit: Mayte Gonzalez

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_2.txt

vitg

10_2.txt

ONLINE COVER The reaction of Arabidopsis seedling skin when simultaneously exposed to a stomata-increasing small molecule and a peptide that triggers immune response. Green represents the nucleus of a cell that has the potential to become a stoma; magenta indicates the cell periphery. Herrmann and Sepuru et al. discovered that the activation of immune signaling can cross-regulate the otherwise highly specific stomatal development signaling if the availability of the shared downstream components becomes suboptimal. Images were taken with a confocal microscope. Credit: Arvid Herrmann

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_6.txt

groundtruth

11_6.txt

ONLINE COVER Co-expression of optix (cyan) and frizzled2 (green) mRNA in a pupal hindwing of Bicyclus anynana, the squinting bush brown butterfly. Wnt signaling genes play an integral role in the communications of multicellular biological systems. To show how Wnt signaling influences eyespot and band butterfly wing patterns, Banerjee et al. demonstrate that different members of the Wnt signaling pathways are spatially and temporally regulated during different stages of wing development. This work gives insight into how interaction between different Wnt signaling pathways influences complex biological color patterns, as well as the differentiation of other biological tissues. Credit: Image by Dr. Tirtha Das Banerjee (Antónia Monteiro Lab)

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_30.txt

vith

9_30.txt

ONLINE COVER Tears reveal more than just emotion. Tears' extracellular vesicles (EVs) allow us to see molecular-level signs of different diseases or actions of other organs inside our bodies. Hu et al. found that tear EVs act as immune effectors, maintain retinal homeostasis, and regulate inflammation. The rich bioinformation that tears carry offer value beyond the ocular system. Credit: Hu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_11.txt

clip

9_11.txt

train

Nature Microbiology

9_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_11.png

B

Sticking together Direct interaction of influenza virus with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract results in increased bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelial cells in culture and in higher bacterial burdens in vivo. See Rowe, H. M. et al. Image: Jason Rosch, Hannah Rowe and Aaron Pitre. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_5.txt

ave_0

4_5.txt

Visualizing Tc toxin release This image shows type 10 secretion system (T10SS)-mediated Tc toxin release by Yersinia entomophaga, as captured by cryo-electron tomography. Spanin-mediated membrane fusion triggers bacterial lysis and the explosive discharge of pre-assembled toxins by a subset of the bacterial population. See Sitsel et al. Credit: Oleg Sitsel and Stefan Raunser, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology. Cover design: Valentina Monaco

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_11.txt

groundtruth

9_11.txt

Functional fluctuations in faecal flora Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked. See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al. Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt

clip

3_10.txt

Macrophage-induced tolerance Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics. See Rowe, S. E. et al. Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt

vitg

5_11.txt

train

BDJ In Practice

37_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_10.png

B

In this issue This month we reflect on the lack of improvement in child dental health in recent years and the current impact of the cost-of-living crisis. Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_10.txt

vitg

36_10.txt

Volume 37 | Issue 3 | March When PHE was abolished, Dental Public Health found itself in a tricky position. This month's cover feature asks where the Parvus sed potens specialty is today

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_10.txt

groundtruth

37_10.txt

In this issue... In April's edition of BDJ In Practice we take a look at how the public perceives dentistry - and why Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_9.txt

vith

35_9.txt

In this issue This April edition of BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into social media - is it a risky activity or a beneficial commodity for a dental professional? Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_9.txt

clip

36_9.txt

train

ACS Measurement Science Au

2022_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.png

C

Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt

clip

2022_2.txt

This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt

ave_3

2025_1.txt

Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt

groundtruth

2022_3.txt

Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt

vitg

2021_1.txt

train

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

45_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_10.png

A

Cover Credit: PANoptosis is a new type of cell death featured with pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis as a result of PANoptosome formation. The core components of PANoptosome are CASP8 and RIPK3. The picture is a fluorescence microscopic visualization of the PANoptosome formed in macrophages which can be inhibited by inhibitors of reverse electron transport. Doi: 10.1038/s41401-023-01182-8. See the article in pages 594–608

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_10.txt

groundtruth

45_10.txt

Cover Credit: Reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles for tumor-targeted protein degradation and anticancer therapy. The reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by self-assembly of the PROTAC-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymer and further functionalized with a CRGDK ligand. The resulting PROTAC prodrug NPs can specifically target tumor cells and be efficiently internalized by recognizing neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Remarkably, the PROTAC prodrug NPs efficiently degraded the protein targets BRD4 and CDK9 for inhibiting tumor growth in an mouse model of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer. More importantly, the PROTAC prodrug NP can serve as a platform for co-delivering chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) to perform combinatory cancer therapy. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01266-z). See the article in pages 1740–1751.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.txt

ave_2

45_5.txt

Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt

vitg

44_5.txt

Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt

clip

45_12.txt

train

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

23_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_3.png

D

AAV-based gene therapy for neurological disorders, inspired by the Review on p789. Cover design: S. Harris

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_3.txt

clip

22_3.txt

Artificial intelligence in drug design, inspired by the Perspective on p353. Cover design: Susanne Harris. Original structure image from Kheng Ho Toh/Alamy Stock Photo.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_8.txt

ave_2

19_8.txt

Immune targets for antidepressants, inspired by the Review on p224. Cover design: S. Harris

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_10.txt

vitg

21_10.txt

A golden age for muscarinic receptors as targets for neurological diseases, inspired by the Review on p743. Cover design: S. Harris

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_3.txt

groundtruth

23_3.txt

val

Trendsin Neurosciences

47_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_8.png

D

In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Benayahu Elbaz and Brian Popko review the molecular pathways that govern the development of oligodendrocytes, the specialized glial cells responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS). The cover image shows a newborn foal, along with its dam. Foals are born well myelinated, which correlates with their ability to stand and walk immediately following birth. In contrast, mouse pups are born helpless and without mature oligodendrocytes or myelin, making them ideal model organisms to study developmental myelination and factors that disrupt this critical process. People are born with some myelin, but the process of human CNS myelination is not complete until adulthood. Cover image by iStock/janpla01.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_9.txt

clip

42_9.txt

This Special Issue of Trends in Neurosciences is focused on providing an overview of the latest research findings related to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. The cover art for this issue is a digital art design, entitled All of us, by Yulonda Rios. Ms Rios is an artist whose work is centered on depicting stories of the human condition; this design conceptually depicts multiple personalities and/or voices that are associated with a number of mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder. More information on Ms Rios’ artwork can be found at http://www.yulondarios.com/

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/35_12.txt

vitg

35_12.txt

Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However, research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_1.txt

vith

46_1.txt

Human infants undergo rapid and profound changes in behavior and cognition, yet the underlying brain mechanisms are poorly understood. New methods for data acquisition and analysis are beginning to reveal the functional development of the infant brain. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nick Turk-Browne and Dick Aslin review these recent advances and provide a road map for the future of infant brain imaging in humans. The cover image captures several features that characterize this future, including awake and attentive state, large field of view of naturalistic stimuli, and head-mounted sensors. Cover art by Casey Roonan.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_8.txt

groundtruth

47_8.txt

test

Nature Cardiovascular Research

3_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.png

A

Regenerative senescence in cardiac repair Zhang et al. show that the transcription factor Egr1 regulates transient senescence in cardiac fibroblasts during neonatal heart regeneration and upon agrin-mediated cardiac repair in adult mice, acting downstream of the integrin–FAK–ERK1/2–Akt1 axis. See Zhang et al. Image: Genia Brodsky, Design Section, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.txt

groundtruth

3_5.txt

Breakdown of T cell tolerance checkpoints in atherosclerosis Wang, Zhang, Lu et al. (this issue) and Depuydt, Schaftenaar et al. (previous issue) show that atherosclerosis is a bona fide T cell autoimmune disease. See Wang et al. Image: Xinger Wu; cover concept: Z. Wang, X. Zhang and C. Yin. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_10.txt

clip

2_10.txt

Brain–heart axis Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction. See Haykin et al. Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt

ave_1

3_6.txt

COVID-19 and atherosclerosis Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19. See Eberhardt et al. Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt

vitg

2_3.txt

val

Accounts of Materials Research

2024_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.png

C

This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt

vitg

2022_6.txt

Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt

clip

2024_12.txt

High-quality semiconductor fibers were developed by a thermal drawing technique with selected pairs of semiconductor materials and synthetic materials, including silicon and germanium, glassy semiconductors, and two-dimensional semiconductors. The semiconductor fibers may find multiple applications in the field of wearable electronics, such as on-cloth sensors and wearable energy harvesting and storage devices.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.txt

groundtruth

2024_2.txt

This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt

ave_1

2023_8.txt

train

Accounts of Materials Research

2024_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_9.png

A

Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced carcinogenic effects on mammalian skin. Many sunscreens harness the UVR absorbing properties of ZnO and TiO2, which results in a white film left on the skin. Factors contributing to white cast include particle size, polymeric dispersion, and surface treatment of the ZnO and TiO2 used in sunscreens. This Viewpoint provides a physicochemical framework for best practices in standardizing the white cast potential of sunscreen formulations with metal oxide UVR filters.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_9.txt

groundtruth

2024_9.txt

This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_6.txt

vitg

2022_6.txt

Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt

clip

2024_12.txt

The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt

vith

2024_10.txt

train

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

26_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.png

B

Predicting longevity of antibody responses The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses. See Cortese et al. Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.txt

clip

26_1.txt

Predicting longevity of antibody responses The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses. See Cortese et al. Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.txt

groundtruth

26_2.txt

Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt

ave_3

6_6.txt

20 years of Nature Immunology Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward. See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt

vitg

21_6.txt

train

Nature Catalysis

7_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_6.png

D

Super CO2 In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. See Qi et al. Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt

ave_2

6_9.txt

Plasmonic hydrodefluorination Photocatalysis with plasmonic metal nanostructures is an enabling technology for more sustainable chemical transformations. This cover illustration depicts plasmonic hydrodefluorination based on aluminium nanocrystal-supported palladium islands for the effective activation of unsaturated carbon–fluorine bonds in fluoromethane in the presence of deuterium gas. The contribution of photogenerated hot carriers to regenerating the palladium active sites via deuterium desorption leads to enhanced reactivity under visible light. See Halas et al. Image: Hossein Robatjazi, University of California, Santa Barbara. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_6.txt

vitg

3_6.txt

Light oxidations Photoelectrocatalytic H2O2 production is coupled with heterogeneous propylene epoxidation in an integrated proof-of-concept device. This approach allows for direct production of propylene oxide using O2 and light without external bias or sacrificial reagents. See Ko et al. Image: CUBE3D Graphic/Younghee Lee. Cover design: Marina Spence

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_12.txt

clip

5_12.txt

Active sites revealed In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor. See Yang et al. Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt

groundtruth

7_6.txt

train

Nature Geoscience

17_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_4.png

A

Electric gold nugget formation in quartz Quartz emits a piezoelectric charge during deformation that may promote the formation of gold nuggets within veins in orogenic settings that experience earthquakes, according to a study using quartz deformation experiments and piezoelectric modelling. This image presents a false-coloured X-ray tomography reconstruction of gold in quartz from the Discovery orogenic gold deposit located northeast of Yellow Knife, Northwest Territories, Canada. See Voisey et al. Image: Chris Voisey, Monash University. Cover design: Alex Wing

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_4.txt

groundtruth

17_4.txt

High humidity in the warm Eocene Early Eocene siderite spherules collected from Mount Blum, Washington State, United States, used to reconstruct past terrestrial temperature and hydroclimate conditions. See van Dijk et al. Image: Joep van Dijk, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_2.txt

clip

13_2.txt

The composition, structure and evolution of the Moon's mantle is poorly constrained. A global survey of the Moon's surface, using the spectral profiler onboard the Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (Kaguya), identifies a number of exposures of olivine in concentric regions around lunar craters, with a possible mantle origin. The cover is a composite image of the region around Mare Orientale on the Moon, obtained with SELENE, and improved in resolution by a Clementine UVVIS 750-nm image. Colours are assigned to the principal components of the spectral data. Credit: JAXA/SELENE, NASA. Letter p533; News & Views p517

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/3_5.txt

ave_3

3_5.txt

The role of static versus dynamic stresses in earthquake clusters is unclear. Analysis of earthquakes triggered by a dyke intrusion at an Icelandic volcano unambiguously demonstrates that static stresses are important for earthquake clustering. The image shows the Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland on 2 September 2014. Letter p629 IMAGE: BOB WHITE COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_5.txt

vitg

8_5.txt

test

NATURE MEDICINE

30_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_2.png

C

30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery. Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt

clip

31_1.txt

Medicine in the digital age As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead. See Focus Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt

vitg

25_12.txt

Tracking Patient Journeys In this issue, Heumos and colleagues present ehrapy, an open-source framework which combines electronic healthcare records allowing for analysis of a patient’s journey through the healthcare system. On the cover, patients' journeys are visualized as taking place over a landscape, constructed of electronic healthcare records, and patients can travel across this landscape in many ways finishing in different places - for instance recovered or with chronic disease. See Heumos et al. Image: Su Suh, SciStories LLC. Cover design: Marina Spencer

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_2.txt

groundtruth

30_2.txt

Functional precision medicine In this issue, Azzam and colleagues show that functional precision medicine — a combination of genomic profiling and drug-sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor cells — can be used to provide personalized treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with relapsed or treatment-refractory cancers. The maze on the cover depicts the challenge of determining the most effective treatment option for pediatric cancers once standard-of-care therapies are no longer an option, and the brain represents functional precision medicine, which could indicate an effective path forward for doctors and their patients. See De La Rocha et al. Image: Oscar Negret, Florida International University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.txt

ave_3

30_9.txt

train

Nature Reviews Rheumatology

20_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_2.png

D

In our January issue: articles on myofibroblasts in fibrotic diseases, drug repurposing in patients with rheumatic diseases, and behavioural economics in rheumatology. Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_12.txt

ave_2

16_12.txt

In our November issue: articles on fibromyalgia, precision medicine in psoriatic arthritis and sex hormones in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_2.txt

clip

16_2.txt

In our December issue: articles on osteoarthritis therapies, IgG4-related disease, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and antinuclear antibody testing. Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/16_1.txt

ave_1

16_1.txt

Cover inspired by the Review on p671 Cover design: Steven Hall

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_2.txt

groundtruth

20_2.txt

train

iScience

27_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_1.png

D

On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half, showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit: Sabina Tangaro.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt

vith

27_4.txt

On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring (rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt

vitg

26_1.txt

On the cover: Movable scattered units engraved with different types of cells gradually assemble into a human shape. The accumulation of single-cell data provides growing resources for constructing atlases for all cells of a human organ or the whole body. Chen et al. (2022) developed a unified informatics framework that enables seamless cell-centric assembly of scRNA-seq data from diverse sources and built the first human ensemble cell atlas (hECA). hECA enables “in-data” exploration of the atlas as a virtual human body with customizable logic expressions on all recorded features of the assembled cells, provides quantitative portraitures of biological entities (organs, cell types, and genes), and facilitates cell-type annotations with customizable references. Artwork by Yuankui Lyu and Ruoqi Li, created with BioRender.com.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_7.txt

clip

25_7.txt

On the cover: Can artificial intelligence (AI), renowned for its powerful learning abilities, learn the rich emotional meanings embedded in the lines of Shakespeare's plays through mere exposure to language? This image representing Ming et al.'s exploration shows an exciting prospect: an AI stepping up the linguistic ladder, from the void of the senses to the theater of human emotional understanding. The ladder and void represent the fact that the AI can only access language experience, but this is sufficient to form a representation of emotion knowledge. Relying on language-based knowledge representations, the AI has taken its own path to developing emotional competence, and perhaps one day, it will actually walk into a theater to enjoy Shakespeare's plays.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_1.txt

groundtruth

27_1.txt

val

Biomacromolecules

2024_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.png

B

The special issue titled “The Future of Biomacromolecules at a Crossroads of Polymer Science and Biology” presents contributions from world-wide experts invited to speak at the symposium designed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Biomacromolecules to recognize and celebrate the achievements and impact of the most exciting research being conducted to converge the scientific fields of macromolecular and biological sciences because this has been the mission of Biomacromolecules since its inception. These contributions are organized into four subsections on the main topics of (1)

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_12.txt

ave_2

2020_12.txt

The hierarchical evolution of the development of one-component multifunctional sequence-defined ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (IAJDs) co-assembling with mRNA into dendrimersome nanoparticles (DNPs) targeting in vivo delivery to various organs is illustrated. This process started with the discovery of the self-assembly of helical rodlike and spherical helices virus-like supramolecular assemblies self-organizing periodic and quasiperiodic arrays including Frank–Kasper and quasicrystals and biological membrane mimics, and continued with elucidation of mechanisms, to unravel a one-component viral-like programmed synthetic vector for nanomedicine.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.txt

groundtruth

2024_10.txt

The cover represents a special issue on Renewable Molecules & Materials and the Anselme Payen Award Symposium in honor of Ann-Christine Albertsson, the founding Editor-in-Chief of Biomacromolecules.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_8.txt

ave_1

2020_8.txt

The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt

clip

2025_2.txt

train

Nature Human Behaviour

8_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.png

A

BOLD troubles Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a key tool for understanding brain function. Korponay et al. show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal — which fMRI uses to measure brain activity — is susceptible to artefacts from low-frequency blood flow signals (sLFOs), which can produce false positives in functional connectivity. These artefacts, linked to changes in respiration and heart rate during scanning, distort connectivity measures. The authors develop a specialized sLFO denoising method, which improves the accuracy and reliability of functional connectivity findings. See Korponay et al. Image: Marc Raley. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.txt

groundtruth

8_5.txt

Why much of our charitable giving is ineffective People donate billions each year, yet giving is often ineffective. Over five experiments, Burum and colleagues tested an explanation for inefficient giving based on evolutionary game theory, ruling out alternative accounts based on cognitive or emotional limitations. See Burum et al. Cover image: CatLane / E+ / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_1.txt

ave_2

4_1.txt

Nature Human Behaviour turns five This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special. See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al. Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt

clip

6_12.txt

Human behaviour and COVID-19 Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_8.txt

vitg

4_8.txt

train

ACS Catalysis

2024_15

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.png

C

The cover depicts N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) betaines as efficient organocatalysts for β-BL polymerization to produce light poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with well-defined Flory–Schulz molecular weight distributions.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_21.txt

vith

2024_21.txt

The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_17.txt

clip

2021_17.txt

The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt

groundtruth

2024_15.txt

The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_20.txt

vitg

2021_20.txt

test

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.png

A

The image depicts a novel small molecule, PPA24, entering a cancerous cell and binding to the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A to induce its activation and subsequently kill the colon cancer cell through apoptosis. The graphic was created with the assistance of Leonardo.AI. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.txt

groundtruth

2024_5.txt

The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt

vitg

2019_16.txt

Flygare, J. A.; Beresini, M.; Budha, N.; Chan, H.; Chan, I. T.; Cheeti, S.; Cohen, F.; Deshayes, K.; Doerner, K.; Eckhardt, S. G.; Elliott, L. O.; Feng, B.; Franklin, M. C.; Reisner, S. F.; Gazzard, L.; Halladay, J.; Hymowitz, S. G.; La, H.; LoRusso, P.; Maurer, B.; Murray, L.; Plise, E.; Quan, C.; Stephan, J.-P.; Young, S. G.; Tom, J.; Tsui, V.; Um, J.; Varfolomeev, E.; Vucic, D.; Wagner, A. J.; Wallweber, H. J. A.; Wang, L.; Ware, J.; Wen, Z.; Wong, H.; Wong, J. M.; Wong, M.; Wong, S.; Yu, R.; Zobel, K.; Fairbrother, W. J.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2012_15.txt

vith

2012_15.txt

Light activation to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase 2, subsequently stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor and promoting expression of the target gene. (Zhang, X.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00688)

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_9.txt

clip

2019_9.txt

train

Trends in Biotechnology

42_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_4.png

C

Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion. Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_11.txt

clip

31_11.txt

On pages 448–458, Zahra Hamrang and colleagues review emerging trends and novel technologies that offer a promising potential for accurately predicting and profiling protein aggregation at various stages of biopharmaceutical product design. The cover image is from iStockPhoto and design is by Paige Shaklee.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_5.txt

ave_2

31_5.txt

Even though cultivated meat has been approved for sale and consumption in multiple countries, its consumer appeal remains low, in part because of poor perceptions of palatability. In pages 1112–1127 of this issue, Lambert and colleagues discuss scientific and engineering approaches to improving palatability in cultivated meat. The cover image was inspired by the bright watercolor qualities of vintage food advertisements, displaying the delicious appeal and palatability of this cell/ham hybrid which any housewife would want to serve on her table. Cover image from Marissa Sirois, VI4 Artist-in-Residence Program.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_4.txt

groundtruth

42_4.txt

Trends in Biotechnology is celebrating its 30th year of publishing exciting reviews in biotechnology. The coverimage shows microbes taking advantage of the occasion. Cover image made by Julien Husson and coverdesigned by Paige Shaklee.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_10.txt

ave_1

31_10.txt

train

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

25_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.png

A

‘Neuroscience in natural contexts’, inspired by the Perspective on p809 Cover design: Jennie Vallis

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.txt

groundtruth

25_1.txt

‘Curious cats’ inspired by the Review on p758 Cover Design: Jennie Vallis

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/19_1.txt

clip

19_1.txt

‘A mouse’s-eye view’ inspired by the Review on p5. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_12.txt

ave_2

21_12.txt

‘Making forecasts’ inspired by the Perspective on p231. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_9.txt

ave_1

21_9.txt

train

Trends in Immunology

45_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_7.png

B

In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images Plus.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt

clip

43_11.txt

The effect of COVID-19 on the high number of immunocompromised people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), particularly in Africa, remains a global and significant concern. On pages 511–522, Moore and colleagues discuss antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in PLWH vs. non-infected individuals. They also provide insight into the effects of persistent SARS-CoV2 infection in PLWH, including intra-host diversity, viral shedding, and variant evolution. The illustration depicts the Fab of a cross-reactive neutralizing antibody targeting the CD4 binding site of HIV-1 gp120. Image credit: Mehau Kulyk, SPL/GettyImages.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_7.txt

groundtruth

45_7.txt

Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies, autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705, Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt

vith

42_5.txt

Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis, and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt

vitg

36_3.txt

test

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

39_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_4.png

C

As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation. Cover image by Richard Bergl.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_2.txt

ave_0

30_2.txt

On pp. 527–534 of this issue, Cleo Bertelsmeier and Laurent Keller discuss the “bridgehead effect” in invasive populations, examining whether there is conclusive evidence for it and offering alternative explanations. The cover shows the glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), one of the species they discuss. Photo: Cody Hough via Wikimedia Commons.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/33_6.txt

clip

33_6.txt

As CO2 levels increase, plants produce more biomass. However, the concentration of essential elements is reduced. This means herbivores such as the pipevine swallowtail caterpillar (Battus philenor) pictured, are feeding on lower quality plant tissue – a phenomenon referred to as “nutrient dilution”. On pages 809–820, Michael Kaspari and Ellen Welti argue that nutrient dilution could be a key driver in global herbivore declines. Image credit: David Rintoul.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_4.txt

groundtruth

39_4.txt

‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_12.txt

vitg

38_12.txt

train

Lab Animal

53_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_7.png

B

Exploring the cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in mice The effects of anesthetics on an animal are important considerations for both animal welfare and scientific research, with consequences for how researchers interpret results with their subjects. Isoflurane, for example, has long been thought to cause cardiovascular depression in mice. A new research article revisits this anesthetic, exploring a variety of different measures in search of the effects of isoflurane on cardiovascular function. See Poon et al. IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_11.txt

vitg

50_11.txt

Effect of housing temperature on gut motility A growing body of evidence suggests that housing mice at 22°C induces chronic cold stress in the animals. In a new Article, Han et al. show that mice raised at 22°C display faster gut transit than mice raised at 30°C, due to increased stress signals. These results further highlight the influence of environmental factors on mouse biology, which can affect experimental reproducibility. See Monack et al. Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_7.txt

groundtruth

53_7.txt

The case for including more female mice in research Male mice have been the default in scientific experiments for decades, based on the assumption that hormonal fluctuations across the estrous cycle make females more variable than males. In a News & Views this month, Bronwyn Graham discusses recent findings showing that the estrous phase had little effect on the exploratory behavior of female mice, and that female mice were actually less variable than males. See Graham COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_8.txt

clip

52_8.txt

Making the COVID-19 model When considering what animal to use to model a particular disease, mice are a frequent first choice. Mice will no doubt be important as researchers rush to understand the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus and find ways to prevent and to treat the resulting disease. Mice though likely won’t stand alone—before all is said and done, hamsters, ferrets, different species of nonhuman primates, and more may find themselves with roles to play in infectious disease labs around the world searching for a cure to COVID-19. See Eisenstein Cover design: Erin Dewalt

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_6.txt

vith

49_6.txt

test

Macromolecules

2024_14

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_14.png

A

Tröger's base-derived benzoxazine was synthesized using a continuous three-step approach from 2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5] diazocine-3,9-diamine with no intermediates isolation or purification. Ring-opening polymerization transformed it into a polymer with intrinsic microporosity. The obtained polymer was fluorescent only in the solid state. When the curing temperature rose, the polymer emission maximum shifted red.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_14.txt

groundtruth

2024_14.txt

On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt

clip

2010_11.txt

Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_7.txt

vitg

2012_7.txt

Polyelectrolyte complexation is associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous media. See Macromolecules, 2018, 51 (8), pp 2988–2995. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_16.txt

ave_2

2018_16.txt

train

Accounts of Chemical Research

2024_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_2.png

B

The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_7.txt

vith

2012_7.txt

2D semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted huge interest in extending Moore’s law beyond silicon. This account briefly reviews recent research advances and presents the authors’ own insights into the mechanisms of controllable growth, defect repairing and Ohmic contact of MoS2 as well as the standing challenges.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_2.txt

groundtruth

2024_2.txt

Cycloparaphenylene, a carbon nanoring consisting solely of benzene rings, can now be synthesized in a size-selective fashion by connecting linear and bent building blocks in a programmable manner. Cover design by Miho Toyoshima and Haruka Omachi. Layout by Amy Meyer Phifer

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_5.txt

clip

2012_5.txt

This cover shows the detailed stacking conformation of two triarylamine molecules and their subsequent growth in functional supramolecular polymers featuring exceptional electronic and photonic transport properties. See article by Nicolas Giuseppone and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00536). Cover art by Mathieu Le Jeune.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_9.txt

vitg

2019_9.txt

test

Nature Ecology & Evolution

8_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_5.png

A

Brittle star genome Amphiura filiformis is a brittle star species that lives in burrows in the seabed. It extends its serpent-like arms to suspension-feed on plankton, which leaves the arms vulnerable to a wide range of predators. As an adaptation to this lifestyle, this species has evolved impressive arm regeneration abilities. The brittle star genome sheds light on the molecular basis of this efficient regeneration process. See Parey et al Image: Fredrik Pleijel. Cover Design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_5.txt

groundtruth

8_5.txt

Jellyfish genomes Genome sequencing of a scyphozoan and a cubozoan jellyfish sheds light on the evolution of medusa-specific structures. Adult moon jelly (Aurelia aurita) is depicted. See Khalturin et al. Image: Konstantin Khalturin. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_8.txt

clip

3_8.txt

Endless forms A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018. See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in. Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_12.txt

vitg

3_12.txt

Birthday biodiversity A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year. See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in. Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_12.txt

ave_2

2_12.txt

val

Trends in Cancer

10_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_4.png

B

Host microbiota influence both cancer incidence and therapeutic responsiveness, challenging the view that tumors depend on intrinsic properties. In this issue, Sholl et al. evaluate the utility of cancer-associated microbiota in patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by discussing its role in cancer development and its use as a biomarker and therapeutic. Cover image represents the complexity of the microbial ecosystem. Cover image designed by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from Gettyimages/KajaNi, Gettyimages/DivVector, Gettyimages/MariyaII.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_12.txt

vith

8_12.txt

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are highly heterogeneous. In this issue, de Back et al. discuss how advances in transcriptomic subtyping can help inform on new GI cancer taxonomies and approaches for clinical implementation. The cover depicts a vibrant abstract representation of the lower gastrointestinal system, featuring splashes of reds, deep purples, and a variety of colorful hues that symbolize the complex nature of tumor heterogeneity within this region. The magnifying glass highlights the intricate details of the cellular composition and emphasizes the importance of molecular profiling in uncovering complexities through methods of transcriptomic subtyping. Cover image designed by Ananya Tirumala, VI4 Artist-in-Residence Program.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_4.txt

groundtruth

10_4.txt

Variations in cancer incidence fuel the debate on the relative contributions of intrinsic vs extrinsic factors. On pages 409–415 in this issue, Thomas et al. add an extra piece to the puzzle by exploring the concept of evolutionary ecology in oncogenesis, and discuss how an organ ecosystem and its contribution to Darwinian fitness determines vulnerability to cancer. Cover design by Eric Pélatan.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_5.txt

vitg

2_5.txt

KRAS mutations are prevalent in cancer but, to date, the oncoprotein is directly “undruggable”. On pages 686–697 in this issue, Kevin Haigis discusses the biological differences of KRAS alleles that might be exploitable for allele-specific cancer therapy. Cover design by Kevin Haigis.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_3.txt

clip

3_3.txt

train

Macromolecules

2024_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_12.png

A

The combination of Suzuki-Catalyst-Transfer-Polymerization and preparative size-exclusion chromatography enables automated fractionation into a narrow-disperse polymer and true monodisperse oligomer batches using cost-effective low-pressure LC equipment!

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_12.txt

groundtruth

2024_12.txt

The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_1.txt

vith

2025_1.txt

Targeted induction of right- or left-handed double-stranded helical sense in chiral polyelectrolytes through selective choice of configuration in the chiral pendant and with an appropriate counteranion. Authors used Freepik for the cover design.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_18.txt

clip

2024_18.txt

Over the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress in the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, mainly by covalent chemistry. The “initiator” for this journey and the springboard for the advent of the other controlled/living polymerizations was the discovery of living anionic polymerization. Nature, the perfect chemist,

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_21.txt

vitg

2017_21.txt

train

Nature Reviews Materials

9_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_11.png

B

Developing vaccines for glioblastoma remains challenging owing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumour and the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Nanomaterials can be tailored to address the limitations of glioblastoma vaccination, potentially paving the way for important advancements. The cover illustrates these efforts through a brain outline superimposed on nanoparticles. See Hameedat F. et al. Cover image: Flavia Cristina Moreira de Sousa. Cover design: David Johnston.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_4.txt

clip

9_4.txt

Bioinspired electronics made of soft electrochemical matter based on organic mixed conductors can enable the integration of diverse forms of intelligence into everyday life. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of synapses communicating with an electronic device. See >Gkoupidenis P. et al Cover image: Sam Whitham

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_11.txt

groundtruth

9_11.txt

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al. Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt

vith

4_10.txt

Understanding the protein corona can advance nanomedicinal developments and elucidate how nanomaterials impact the environment. The cover image shows biomolecular coronas on the surface of nanoparticles. See Morteza Mahmoudi et al. Image: Morteza Mahmoudi. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_6.txt

vitg

8_6.txt

train

Developmental Cell

59_19

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_19.png

A

On the cover: Lineage motifs, symbolized here as ink stamps, are recurring patterns of cell fates on lineage trees. They represent developmental modules that produce cell types in predefined ratios during processes like retina development. Furthermore, they could facilitate adaptive variation in cell type frequencies between species such as rat, monkey, and chicken, as shown in the pages depicting slices of retina generated through lineage motif stamps. To learn more about how lineage motifs act as developmental modules for control of cell type proportions, see Tran et al. Image credit: Adara Koivula.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_19.txt

groundtruth

59_19.txt

On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne Blanco.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_6.txt

clip

21_6.txt

On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left). To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283), Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang Xiao.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt

ave_1

57_15.txt

On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt

ave_2

56_2.txt

train

ACS Food Science & Technology

2025_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.png

C

The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt

ave_2

2024_12.txt

In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt

ave_1

2023_1.txt

Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.txt

groundtruth

2025_2.txt

This cover, in part created using the "Canva" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt

clip

2024_6.txt

train

ACS Materials Au

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.png

D

The cover features the use of layered silicate as a 2D hard template for synthesizing exfoliated, porous, and high-nitrogen-content graphitic carbon. The likely nitrogen configuration is identified to be graphitic, as pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were less stable. The authors acknowledge the Scivisional illustration team for designing the cover.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_4.txt

vith

2023_4.txt

This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt

vitg

2023_6.txt

This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt

clip

2024_4.txt

This front cover represents the idea that science should be inclusive. We created a collage in which a face is composed and enriched by incorporating features of various women's faces worldwide. This work is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.txt

groundtruth

2024_5.txt

train

Biophysical Journal

124_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_1.png

B

Cover picture: Artistic view by Verena Grieder (Photolab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Basel, Switzerland) and Martin Stolz (nCATS (National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK)) of collagen meshworks as can be found in diverse parts of the body. Collagen from tendon and various types of cartilage were imaged at different magnifications by atomic force microscopy. The image in the middle shows two cartilage cells (chondrocytes) that are expressing the surrounding extracellular matrix. Closer view demonstrates the typical 67 nm D-periodicity of cartilage collagen fibrils. Cartoon of the skeleton by permission, copyright of Medical Multimedia Group, Missoula, MT. See the article by Loparic et al. on page 2731.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/98_2.txt

vith

98_2.txt

Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_1.txt

groundtruth

124_1.txt

Cover picture: The physical attributes of the extracellular environment can inform internal cell processes and responses to external stimuli. The basement membrane of many tissues, including vascular tissues, displays a complex topographic mixture of ridges and grooves, bumps and pores, with dimensions that range from nanometer to micrometer. To better understand how the combination of multiple topographic features influences vascular endothelial cells, McKee et al. have generated highly porous polyelectrolyte multilayer films that closely mimic the architectural features and stochastic nature of in vivo vascular basement membrane. The front cover artwork combines an AFM topographic height image of the surface we have created, with an artist's interpretation of cells interacting with the surface (artwork by John H. Doval, University of California, Davis). See the article by McKee et al. on page 1224.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/102_8.txt

vitg

102_8.txt

Cover picture: Shown is the distribution of water droplets formed during simulation of skin lipid lamellae (white density) with a section of the corresponding lipid structure overlaid (bottom right corner).

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/118_6.txt

clip

118_6.txt

train

Environment & Health

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_8.png

D

The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt

clip

2025_1.txt

The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt

vitg

2024_5.txt

The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt

ave_3

2025_2.txt

The propensities and health implications of coronavirus adhering onto and releasing from representative indoor contact surfaces, including plastic, glass, stainless steel, and wood, in simulated human body fluids are studied using quartz crystal microbalance.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_8.txt

groundtruth

2024_8.txt

train

Cell Reports Methods

4_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.png

C

On the cover: Welcome to Cell Reports Methods! Our first issue cover features original artwork, from the Cell Press creative team, that conceptualizes the process of scientific discovery as navigating a complex and varied mountain terrain with many possible goals and endpoints. At Cell Reports Methods, we are devoted to research that provides the tools and methods needed to conquer this terrain and achieve scientific progress. Image credit: Kip Lyall.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_8.txt

clip

1_8.txt

On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities (e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt

ave_2

5_1.txt

On the cover: In this issue, Sakamoto et al. develop a semi-automated platform for synthesis of fluorogenic probes that can detect enzyme activities in the blood at a single-molecule level. The activity-based screening identifies candidate biomarkers for pancreatic tumors at early stages. In the cover image, the bloodstream and the enzymes are depicted by the river and the fireflies, respectively. The background shows the images of synthesized probes and the enzyme activity assay. Cover art: Dr. Ryo Tachibana, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.txt

groundtruth

4_12.txt

On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net (similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt

ave_1

2_1.txt

train

Nature Protocols

19_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_8.png

C

Nanoscale diffusion dynamics using STED–FCS Seeing nanoscale organization through a STED doughnut. Nanoscale membrane heterogeneity is investigated using a combination of super-resolution STED microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. See Sezgin et al. Image: Erdinc Sezgin. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_9.txt

vith

14_9.txt

The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt

vitg

13_8.txt

Illuminating digital cells on a microscopic stage. A detailed digital reconstruction of an animal cell receiving light cast from afar. This represents the transformation of cells from microscopy images into a form suitable for accurate optical modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation. Image: John Ball, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Adapted from Lauri Purhonen, Sketchfab, under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0. Cover design: S. Whitham.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_8.txt

groundtruth

19_8.txt

3D confocal image of a human colon organoid. Image of a human colon organoid immunolabeled for F-actin and E-cadherin and captured in 3D using the easy-to-use and fast protocol provided by Dekkers et al. in this issue of Nature Protocols. See Dekkers et al. Image: Johanna F. Dekkers and Anne C. Rios. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_7.txt

clip

14_7.txt

train

ACS ES&T Air

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.png

A

With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt

groundtruth

2024_6.txt

An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt

vitg

2025_1.txt

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt

vith

2024_8.txt

Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt

clip

2025_2.txt

val

Nature Reviews Neurology

20_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.png

C

Single-cell technologies and brain disease, inspired by the Review on p346. Cover design: Philip Patenall

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_7.txt

ave_3

19_7.txt

Cerebellar circuitry, inspired by the Review on p645. Cover design: Philip Patenall

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_2.txt

ave_1

19_2.txt

Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259. Cover design: Philip Patenall

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt

groundtruth

20_8.txt

AI and epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p319. Cover design: Philip Patenall

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.txt

clip

20_7.txt

train

Cell Reports Physical Science

5_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_3.png

C

On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field. Image credit: Kip Lyall.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt

vitg

4_9.txt

On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December 2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for his help in creating this beautiful cover.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt

clip

6_1.txt

On the cover: Gu et al. report their observation of a sandwich-like ternary electron donor-acceptor complex between electron-deficient aryl halides, a guanidine base, and tetrahydrofuran. The cover image highlights the visible light absorption characteristics of this intriguing donor-acceptor complex and its structural resemblance to a mouth-watering sandwich. The strategy reported provides facile conditions for access to various alkyl aryl ethers toward applications in fine chemical synthesis. The cover design was created by Jiayi Gu.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_3.txt

groundtruth

5_3.txt

On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December 2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for his help in creating this beautiful cover.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt

ave_1

6_2.txt

train

Science Signaling

2007_402

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_402.png

C

ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how antipsychotics stimulate the synthesis of a distinct set of proteins to increase neuronal complexity. The image shows the dendrites of a neuron exposed to haloperidol. [Image: Heather Bowling, New York University School of Medicine]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_308.txt

vith

7_308.txt

COVER This week features a Perspective about signals that specify axons and dendrites. The image shows that active Rit (a GTPase) is more abundant in the axon, where it contributes to the growth of this neuronal process. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_416.txt

clip

2007_416.txt

COVER This week features a Perspective on roles for Toll-like receptors in development of the central nervous system and in the response to neuronal injury. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_402.txt

groundtruth

2007_402.txt

ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article describing how the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is also an autocrine signal, allowing the hypothalamic neurons that produce it to maintain their volume during hypotonic stress. The image shows the AVP neurons, which have their cell bodies in the hypothalamus and nerve terminals in the pituitary. [Image: Yana Hammond, Science Signaling]

MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_157.txt

vitg

4_157.txt

train

Nature Chemistry

16_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_1.png

A

Boosting CO2 conversion with Mo oxycarbides Molybdenum carbides are promising heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 conversion chemistry, but they typically require harsh preparation conditions and suffer from poor stability. Now, Jiafeng Yu, Jian Sun and colleagues have shown that molybdenum oxide, produced by flame spray pyrolysis synthesis, is stable at 600 °C for 2,000 hours during the reverse water–gas shift reaction. Extensive characterization revealed the in situ formation of a cubic α-molybdenum carbide with unsaturated surface oxycarbides (depicted on the cover) that serve as active sites for CO2 conversion. See Yu, Sun et al. Image: Xingtao Sun, Jiafeng Yu, and Jian Sun, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_1.txt

groundtruth

16_1.txt

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely investigated for their potential to selectively separate and store environmentally harmful gases. The cover image of this issue shows the structure of a MOF — described by Martin Schröder and co-workers — whose promising capture capabilities rely on hydroxyl groups rather than the traditionally used amine ones. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the host framework and CO2 and SO2 gases were directly visualized by in situ static and dynamic characterization methods, and the results supported by modelling studies.Article p887IMAGE: SIHAI YANGCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_2.txt

vith

4_2.txt

Turning ten This issue marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of Nature Chemistry. The cover features some of our favourite covers from the last decade, including one from each volume of the journal. See Editorial Image: polesnoy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_9.txt

vitg

11_9.txt

The cover image shows the gold electrode used by Rodriguez, Kwon and Koper in their study of gold-catalysed alcohol oxidation. The electrode is in the 'hanging-meniscus configuration' and is immersed in an aqueous solution. When modified with carbon monoxide, the gold surface catalyses the oxidation of certain alcohols in alkaline media. Remarkably, the carbon monoxide acts as a reaction promoter, in contrast to its usual role as a poison.Article p177IMAGE: MARC DE HAAN, PARAMACONI RODRIGUEZ, MARC KOPERCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_10.txt

clip

4_10.txt

train

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_8.png

D

Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt

clip

2021_6.txt

DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt

ave_2

2022_3.txt

A high potential and long-time Ca(OH)2-modified rice straw biochar (BCC) composite amendment was successfully prepared, which is a cost-effective sorbent for the removal of Pb(II) in a river ecosystem (water and sediment). This provides a strategy for exploring

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_3.txt

ave_3

2023_3.txt

This cover art suggests whether Surat city's soil is dominated by microplastics? The diamond symbol represents Surat's identity as the "Diamond City", while the thread symbolizes its thriving textile industry in Gujarat, India. The representation of garbage and plastic waste dumping reflects the daily disposal of such waste from both industrial and household sources. The lower portion of the artwork illustrates the pollution of soil by single-use plastic products within the city. The presence of the sun signifies the breakdown of large plastics into smaller microplastics, driven by UV degradation and other environmental factors. This transformation is further depicted through a magnifying lens, showcasing various shapes, such as fragments, fibers, films, and spheres, highlighting the biological and physical degradation of plastics.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_8.txt

groundtruth

2024_8.txt

train

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

28_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_7.png

D

In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Changeux presents a framework for connecting levels of brain organization to foster the integration of neuroscientific findings from individual genes to consciousness. Cover image from iStockphoto/grandeduc. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_10.txt

ave_2

21_10.txt

In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science, the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork by Phillip Krzeminski.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt

clip

26_1.txt

In celebration of the 20th anniversary of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, this issue highlights how human cognition interacts with the modern environment. The editorial introduces a virtual special issue on cognition in the modern era and highlights articles in this and recent issues that examine facets of this topic. Cover image from iStockphoto/studiogstock. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_11.txt

vith

21_11.txt

In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Shaun Gallagher and colleagues propose a ‘pattern theory of compassion’ that clarifies distinctions between empathy, sympathy, and compassion. The pattern theory identifies a set of diverse components that form a dynamic Gestalt constitutive of compassion. A review of neuroscientific studies of compassion provides evidence to support the pattern theory, and the processes and factors that make up the pattern can contribute to guide compassion training. The anthropomorphic cartoon on the cover depicts some of the differences between empathy, sympathy, and compassion. From left to right: empathy (quasi-isomorphic) is signified by the quasi-same color for empathizer-empathized; sympathy (related but not isomorphic) is signified by similar band colors; compassion (non-isomorphic) is signified by different colors. Image by Junio Aglioti Colombini.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_7.txt

groundtruth

28_7.txt

test

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

45_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.png

B

Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt

clip

45_12.txt

Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt

groundtruth

45_2.txt

Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt

vith

45_11.txt

Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.

MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt

vitg

45_3.txt

train

Trends in Immunology

45_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_8.png

D

There is a growing appreciation of the functions of tissue-resident immune cells and their importance in immune surveillance and throughout the immune response. Recent findings are providing new insights into the mechanisms targeting these cells to specific tissues, and how these populations are maintained in homeostasis and respond in times of immune challenge. Trends in Immunology is excited to announce a special year-long series of articles devoted to examining tissue-resident immune cells and their diverse functions. In the inaugural article of this series, on pages 30–39, Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang discuss the dynamic mechanisms that govern lymph node stromal cells during homeostasis and active immunity. The cover depicts, by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the close association of dendritic cells (red) with an extensive and interconnected fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network (cyan) populating lymphoid tissue. Through the dynamic production of various chemotactic and survival cues, FRCs and other stromal cell subsets coordinate the migration, positioning, and homeostatic maintenance of immune cells. Cover image courtesy of Shannon Turley and Jonathan Chang.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_13.txt

vitg

36_13.txt

Since the age of Hippocrates, the crab has been used to represent cancer. In this Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores the complex relationship between the immune system and cancer, discussing how some immune processes are co-opted by cancer for its own benefit, and highlighting how in some instances, immunity can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. We also discuss how the immune system is impacted by anti-cancer therapies, and how in turn this affects the outcome of the treatment. This battle is illustrated here: the crab puts up its own defense against anti-cancer therapy and cytotoxic immune cells, but it is also shielded from attack by pro-tumorigenic immune cells. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin E. de Visser. Cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_10.txt

clip

36_10.txt

Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis, and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/36_3.txt

vith

36_3.txt

Sarcoidosis is an immunological disease characterized by the presence of coalescing, tightly clustered, non-necrotizing granulomas. On pages 406–418, Robert and colleagues discuss the dysregulated immune responses that may lead to granuloma formation and maintenance; they propose the novel hypothesis that maladaptive innate immune training may help drive sarcoidosis pathogenesis. Inspired by Mayan calendar stones, the image alludes to different immune cells and elements present in a granuloma, which is a key pathophysiological feature of sarcoidosis. Image credit: Bertsy Goic drawinscience.fr.

MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_8.txt

groundtruth

45_8.txt

train