test-rl-hackathon-budget / inference.py
Akshay Babbar
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import json
import os
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Literal
import typer
from openai import OpenAI
from budget_router.environment import BudgetRouterEnv
from budget_router.models import Action, ActionType, Observation, TaskConfig
from budget_router.policies import heuristic_baseline_policy
from budget_router.reward import episode_metrics, grade_episode
from budget_router.tasks import EASY, HARD, HARD_MULTI, MEDIUM
_VALID_ACTIONS = ["route_to_a", "route_to_b", "route_to_c", "shed_load"]
def _parse_llm_action(response_text: str) -> str:
"""Extract a valid action from LLM output. Falls back to shed_load — never raises."""
text = response_text.strip().lower()
for action in _VALID_ACTIONS:
if action in text:
return action
return "shed_load" # safe fallback: always valid, never crashes
SYSTEM_PROMPT = """
You are a cost-aware LLM API routing agent managing a production system.
At each step, output EXACTLY ONE action string. Nothing else.
ENVIRONMENT:
Three providers: A ($0.01/req, cheapest), B ($0.05/req), C ($0.10/req, most reliable).
provider_X_status = windowed success rate [0=always fails, 1=always succeeds].
IMPORTANT: A status of exactly 0.500 means this provider has NEVER been routed to
in this episode — it is unobserved, not confirmed healthy. Route to it once to get
a real reading. Do not treat 0.500 as a health signal.
budget_remaining: fraction of budget left. Reaching 0 = catastrophic -10 penalty.
step_count [0→1], steps_remaining: episode progress (20 steps total).
VALID ACTIONS (output ONLY one):
route_to_a | route_to_b | route_to_c | shed_load
GOLDEN RULE — DEFAULT STRATEGY:
Stay on the CHEAPEST provider whose status > 0.52. Only deviate if there is CLEAR, SUSTAINED evidence of degradation (defined below). Unnecessary switching to expensive providers burns budget and reduces your score.
NOISE CALIBRATION (critical):
- Status fluctuates due to Bernoulli sampling noise. Single-step dips are not reliable signals.
- Use the provided 2-step trend (avg/step): a sustained negative trend across multiple steps
indicates real degradation; a trend near 0 means the provider is stable. Do NOT switch on noise.
- REAL degradation signal: sustained negative trend AND current status is visibly declining.
- Only when both conditions hold across consecutive observations should you consider early switching.
- On stable tasks, trends hover near zero. Switching on noise burns budget without benefit.
WHEN TO SWITCH (use your conversation history):
A → B: When trend_a is clearly and consistently negative AND status_a is approaching unreliable,
OR status_a is already below 0.52 (failure probability exceeds success probability).
B → C: Same principle — sustained decline signals, not single-step noise.
Never switch based on a single bad observation — noise causes occasional dips.
BUDGET RUNWAY — HARD CONSTRAINT:
budget_runway_at_current_rate shows how many more steps you can afford at current spend rate.
If budget_runway_at_current_rate < steps_remaining: switch to a cheaper provider IMMEDIATELY.
If budget_remaining < 0.15 (less than 15% left): treat C as OFF-LIMITS unless A and B are
both below 0.30 status. Prefer shed_load over routing C when budget is this low.
NEVER route to any provider if doing so would leave budget_remaining below the cost of
that provider times the steps_remaining. The -10 bankruptcy penalty destroys all episode
value accumulated so far — budget survival is non-negotiable.
TASK PROFILES (the task name appears in each observation — use it):
easy: Stable environment. Trend fluctuations are mostly noise. Stay on the cheapest provider unless its trend is catastrophically and sustainedly negative.
medium: Dynamic environment. A provider may degrade mid-episode. Monitor trends and switch to the next cheapest healthy fallback if the primary fails.
hard / hard_multi: Hostile, multi-failure environments. Multiple providers may degrade at unexpected times in unpredictable sequences.
Your Runbook: Always map traffic to the lowest-cost healthy provider (A=$0.01, B=$0.05, C=$0.10).
Watch your conversation history: if your currently active provider shows a clear, sustained negative trend, switch early to the next cheapest option that is healthy.
CRITICAL: Before switching to expensive fallbacks (like C), use budget_runway to verify you can afford them to prevent budget exhaustion.
Output only the action string."""
OBJECTIVE_FEEDBACK_PROMPT = """
You are a budget-aware API routing agent managing a production system.
At each step, output EXACTLY ONE action string and nothing else.
VALID ACTIONS:
route_to_a | route_to_b | route_to_c | shed_load
ENVIRONMENT INTUITION:
You route one request per step across three providers:
- A: cheapest ($0.01), useful for conserving budget, but may degrade.
- B: medium cost ($0.05), usually the bridge provider.
- C: expensive ($0.10), most reliable, but using it too early can bankrupt the episode.
- shed_load: reject this request; use only when routing is likely worse than abstaining or budget is critically unsafe.
OBSERVATIONS:
provider_X_status is a rolling recent success estimate, not true health.
- Exactly 0.500 means unobserved in this episode: no evidence yet.
- After one probe, the status may jump to 0.000 or 1.000; that is weak evidence because it may be only one sample.
- Repeated outcomes, sustained negative trend, worsening reward, or repeated failures are stronger evidence.
Do not treat a single success as proof of health or a single failure as proof of degradation.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
Maximize full-episode grader score:
- successful routed requests
- low latency and SLA health
- budget preservation
- adaptation after provider degradation
DECISION POLICY:
1. Budget survival is mandatory. Avoid the -10 budget exhaustion cliff.
2. Prefer the cheapest provider that is plausibly healthy, but do not blindly follow a fixed threshold.
3. Probe unknown providers when information is valuable and affordable.
4. Switch away from a provider when there is repeated failure, sustained decline, or clearly bad status.
5. Use C as late-phase reliability capacity, not as the default.
6. Prefer shed_load when all available routed choices look likely to fail or when routing would risk budget exhaustion.
TASK-SPECIFIC STRATEGY:
easy:
- Stable task. Prefer cheap routing. Do not overreact to noise.
medium:
- A may degrade after early steps. Start cheap, then move to B when A shows repeated weakness.
hard:
- A may degrade from the beginning. Probe cheaply, but react faster to repeated A failures or sustained decline.
hard_multi:
- This is a sequential cascade: A degrades early; B can degrade later.
- Early phase: conserve budget. Use/probe A only while evidence supports it.
- Middle phase: B is often the bridge provider after A weakens.
- Late phase: preserve enough runway for C if B begins failing.
- Do not burn C too early; do not stay on A/B after repeated failures.
BUDGET RUNWAY:
If budget_runway_at_current_rate < steps_remaining, current spending is unsafe.
If budget_remaining < 0.15, treat C as emergency-only unless A and B both look very poor.
If routing risks budget exhaustion, shed_load is better than bankruptcy.
Use previous_step_feedback when present:
- previous_success=false, negative reward, high latency, or repeated same-provider failures are evidence to update your belief.
- previous_success=true is useful evidence but not proof, especially after only one sample.
Output only one valid action string.
"""
app = typer.Typer(add_completion=False)
API_KEY = os.getenv("HF_TOKEN") or os.getenv("API_KEY")
API_BASE_URL = os.getenv("API_BASE_URL") or "https://router.huggingface.co/v1"
MODEL_NAME = os.getenv("MODEL_NAME") or "Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct"
LLM_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = float(os.getenv("LLM_TIMEOUT_SECONDS") or "25")
LLM_MAX_RETRIES = int(os.getenv("LLM_MAX_RETRIES") or "1")
LLM_LOG_RAW = (os.getenv("LLM_LOG_RAW") or "").strip().lower() in {"1", "true", "yes", "y", "on"}
LLM_LOG_RAW_MAX_CHARS = int(os.getenv("LLM_LOG_RAW_MAX_CHARS") or "220")
LLM_POLICY_MODE = (os.getenv("LLM_POLICY_MODE") or "baseline").strip().lower()
BENCHMARK_NAME = os.getenv("BENCHMARK_NAME") or "budget_router"
SEED_SETS: Dict[str, List[int]] = {
"development": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
"heldout": [100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109],
}
TASKS: Dict[str, TaskConfig] = {
"easy": EASY,
"medium": MEDIUM,
"hard": HARD,
"hard_multi": HARD_MULTI,
}
VALID_ACTIONS = [action.value for action in ActionType]
class LLMRouter:
def __init__(
self,
api_base_url: str,
model_name: str,
api_key: str,
prompt_mode: str | None = None,
) -> None:
self._client = OpenAI(
base_url=api_base_url,
api_key=api_key,
timeout=LLM_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
max_retries=LLM_MAX_RETRIES,
)
self._model_name = model_name
self._prompt_mode = (prompt_mode or LLM_POLICY_MODE or "baseline").strip().lower()
self._messages: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
self.last_error: str | None = None
self.last_raw_output: str | None = None
self.last_parsed_action: str | None = None
self._prev_obs: dict | None = None
self._prev2_obs: dict | None = None
self._task_name: str = ""
self.reset()
def reset(self, task_name: str = "") -> None:
prompt = OBJECTIVE_FEEDBACK_PROMPT if self._prompt_mode == "objective_feedback" else SYSTEM_PROMPT
self._messages = [{"role": "system", "content": prompt}]
self.last_error = None
self.last_raw_output = None
self.last_parsed_action = None
self._prev_obs = None
self._prev2_obs = None
self._task_name = task_name
def choose_action(self, observation: Observation) -> Action:
obs = observation
if not self._messages:
self.reset(task_name=self._task_name)
elif obs.step_count == 0.0 and len(self._messages) > 1:
self.reset(task_name=self._task_name)
# ── Compute 2-step trend (more noise-robust than single-step delta) ──
trend_text = ""
budget_runway_text = ""
if self._prev2_obs is not None:
# Average per-step change over 2 steps — variance is ~30% lower than 1-step delta
ta = (obs.provider_a_status - self._prev2_obs["a"]) / 2.0
tb = (obs.provider_b_status - self._prev2_obs["b"]) / 2.0
tc = (obs.provider_c_status - self._prev2_obs["c"]) / 2.0
trend_text = f"\ntrend (avg/step, 2-step): A:{ta:+.3f} B:{tb:+.3f} C:{tc:+.3f}"
elif self._prev_obs is not None:
# First step — single-step delta only, label as less reliable
ta = obs.provider_a_status - self._prev_obs["a"]
tb = obs.provider_b_status - self._prev_obs["b"]
tc = obs.provider_c_status - self._prev_obs["c"]
trend_text = f"\ntrend (1-step only, noisy): A:{ta:+.3f} B:{tb:+.3f} C:{tc:+.3f}"
if self._prev_obs is not None:
budget_spent = self._prev_obs["budget"] - obs.budget_remaining
if budget_spent > 0.001:
runway = int(obs.budget_remaining / budget_spent)
budget_runway_text = f"\nbudget_runway_at_current_rate: ~{runway} steps"
else:
budget_runway_text = "\nbudget_runway_at_current_rate: >20 steps"
steps_total = 20
steps_remaining = max(1, steps_total - int(round(obs.step_count * steps_total)))
task_line = f"\ntask: {self._task_name}" if self._task_name else ""
obs_text = "\n".join([
f"provider_a_status: {obs.provider_a_status:.3f}",
f"provider_b_status: {obs.provider_b_status:.3f}",
f"provider_c_status: {obs.provider_c_status:.3f}",
f"budget_remaining: {obs.budget_remaining:.3f}",
f"queue_backlog: {obs.queue_backlog:.3f}",
f"system_latency: {obs.system_latency:.3f}",
f"step_count: {obs.step_count:.3f}",
f"steps_remaining: {steps_remaining}",
])
obs_text += trend_text + budget_runway_text + task_line
if self._prompt_mode == "objective_feedback":
feedback_lines = self._previous_step_feedback(observation=obs)
if feedback_lines:
obs_text += "\n" + feedback_lines
user_prompt = f"Current observation:\n{obs_text}\n\nYour action:"
# Shift history: prev becomes prev2, current becomes prev
self._prev2_obs = self._prev_obs
self._prev_obs = {
"a": obs.provider_a_status,
"b": obs.provider_b_status,
"c": obs.provider_c_status,
"budget": obs.budget_remaining,
}
client = self._client
model_name = self._model_name
self._messages.append({"role": "user", "content": user_prompt})
try:
response = client.with_options(timeout=LLM_TIMEOUT_SECONDS).chat.completions.create(
model=model_name,
messages=self._messages,
max_tokens=30,
temperature=0,
)
raw = response.choices[0].message.content or ""
action_str = _parse_llm_action(raw)
action_str = self._apply_budget_safety_guard(action_str=action_str, observation=obs)
self.last_raw_output = raw
self.last_parsed_action = action_str
self.last_error = None
except Exception as e:
self.last_error = str(e)
action_str = "shed_load"
self.last_raw_output = None
self.last_parsed_action = action_str
self._messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": action_str})
return Action(action_type=ActionType(action_str))
def _apply_budget_safety_guard(self, action_str: str, observation: Observation) -> str:
"""Prevent only actions that would immediately exhaust the public remaining budget."""
if action_str == "shed_load":
return action_str
scenario = TASKS.get(self._task_name)
if scenario is None:
return action_str
action_costs = {
"route_to_a": scenario.cost_a,
"route_to_b": scenario.cost_b,
"route_to_c": scenario.cost_c,
}
selected_cost = action_costs.get(action_str, 0.0)
budget_dollars = float(observation.budget_remaining) * float(scenario.initial_budget)
if selected_cost >= budget_dollars - 1e-9:
return "shed_load"
return action_str
def _previous_step_feedback(self, observation: Observation) -> str:
metadata = getattr(observation, "metadata", None) or {}
if not metadata:
return ""
previous_action = metadata.get("action_type")
if not previous_action:
return ""
reward = observation.reward
latency = metadata.get("latency_ms")
cost = metadata.get("cost")
succeeded = metadata.get("request_succeeded")
budget_exhausted = metadata.get("budget_exhausted", False)
feedback_parts = [
"previous_step_feedback:",
f" previous_action: {previous_action}",
]
if reward is not None:
feedback_parts.append(f" previous_reward: {float(reward):+.2f}")
if succeeded is not None:
feedback_parts.append(f" previous_success: {str(bool(succeeded)).lower()}")
if cost is not None:
feedback_parts.append(f" previous_cost: {float(cost):.2f}")
if latency is not None:
feedback_parts.append(f" previous_latency_ms: {float(latency):.2f}")
if budget_exhausted:
feedback_parts.append(" previous_budget_exhausted: true")
return "\n".join(feedback_parts)
def _single_line(value: str | None) -> str:
if not value:
return "null"
return str(value).replace("\n", " ").replace("\r", " ")
def _truncate_and_sanitize(value: str | None, max_chars: int) -> str:
if not value:
return "null"
s = _single_line(value).strip()
if len(s) <= max_chars:
return s
return s[: max(0, max_chars - 3)] + "..."
def _observation_payload(observation: Observation) -> Dict[str, float]:
return {
"provider_a_status": float(observation.provider_a_status),
"provider_b_status": float(observation.provider_b_status),
"provider_c_status": float(observation.provider_c_status),
"budget_remaining": float(observation.budget_remaining),
"queue_backlog": float(observation.queue_backlog),
"system_latency": float(observation.system_latency),
"step_count": float(observation.step_count),
}
def _reported_score(value: float) -> float:
return min(max(float(value), 0.001), 0.999)
def log_start(task: str, env: str, model: str) -> None:
print(f"[START] task={task} env={env} model={model}", flush=True)
def log_step(
step: int,
action: str,
reward: float,
done: bool,
error: str | None,
llm_raw: str | None = None,
llm_parsed: str | None = None,
) -> None:
base = (
f"[STEP] step={step} action={action} reward={reward:.2f} done={str(done).lower()} "
f"error={_single_line(error)}"
)
if LLM_LOG_RAW:
raw_s = _truncate_and_sanitize(llm_raw, max_chars=max(20, LLM_LOG_RAW_MAX_CHARS))
parsed_s = _single_line(llm_parsed)
base += f" llm_raw={raw_s} llm_parsed={parsed_s}"
print(base, flush=True)
def log_end(success: bool, steps: int, score: float, rewards: List[float]) -> None:
rewards_str = ",".join(f"{reward:.2f}" for reward in rewards)
print(
f"[END] success={str(success).lower()} steps={steps} score={_reported_score(score):.3f} rewards={rewards_str}",
flush=True,
)
def select_policy(policy_name: Literal["heuristic", "llm"]) -> object:
if policy_name == "heuristic":
return heuristic_baseline_policy
if not API_KEY or not API_BASE_URL:
raise RuntimeError(
"LLM policy requires API_BASE_URL and API_KEY and reads MODEL_NAME from environment variables."
)
return LLMRouter(api_base_url=API_BASE_URL, model_name=MODEL_NAME, api_key=API_KEY)
def choose_action(policy_name: Literal["heuristic", "llm"], policy: object, observation: Observation) -> Action:
if policy_name == "heuristic":
return policy(observation)
return policy.choose_action(observation)
def run_episode(
env: BudgetRouterEnv,
scenario: TaskConfig,
seed: int,
episode: int,
policy_name: Literal["heuristic", "llm"],
policy: object,
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
total_reward = 0.0
grader_score: float | None = None
rewards: List[float] = []
steps_taken = 0
success = False
if policy_name == "llm":
policy.reset(task_name=scenario.name)
log_start(task=scenario.name, env=BENCHMARK_NAME, model=MODEL_NAME)
try:
observation = env.reset(seed=seed, scenario=scenario)
while not observation.done:
action = choose_action(policy_name=policy_name, policy=policy, observation=observation)
action_name = action.action_type.value
observation = env.step(action)
reward = float(observation.reward or 0.0)
total_reward += reward
rewards.append(reward)
steps_taken = env._internal.current_step
step_error = getattr(policy, "last_error", None) if policy_name == "llm" else None
llm_raw = getattr(policy, "last_raw_output", None) if policy_name == "llm" else None
llm_parsed = getattr(policy, "last_parsed_action", None) if policy_name == "llm" else None
log_step(
step=env._internal.current_step,
action=action_name,
reward=reward,
done=bool(observation.done),
error=step_error,
llm_raw=llm_raw,
llm_parsed=llm_parsed,
)
metrics = episode_metrics(env._internal.history)
metrics["seed"] = seed
metrics["episode"] = episode
metrics["total_reward"] = round(total_reward, 4)
metrics["episode_length"] = env._internal.current_step
grader = grade_episode(env._internal.history)
grader_score = float(grader["overall_score"])
success = grader_score > 0.0
metrics["grader_score"] = grader_score
metrics["grader_breakdown"] = grader
return metrics
finally:
close_fn = getattr(env, "close", None)
if callable(close_fn):
close_fn()
if grader_score is None:
grader_score = float(grade_episode(env._internal.history)["overall_score"])
success = grader_score > 0.0
log_end(success=success, steps=steps_taken, score=grader_score, rewards=rewards)
def summarize(metrics: Iterable[Dict[str, float]]) -> Dict[str, float]:
rows = list(metrics)
return {
"mean_reward": round(sum(row["total_reward"] for row in rows) / len(rows), 4),
"mean_success_rate": round(sum(row["success_rate"] for row in rows) / len(rows), 4),
"mean_cost": round(sum(row["total_cost_spent"] for row in rows) / len(rows), 4),
"mean_latency_ms": round(sum(row["average_latency_ms"] for row in rows) / len(rows), 2),
"mean_grader_score": round(sum(row["grader_score"] for row in rows) / len(rows), 4),
}
@app.command()
def main(
policy: Literal["heuristic", "llm"] = typer.Option("llm" if API_KEY and API_BASE_URL else "heuristic"),
seed_set: Literal["development", "heldout"] = typer.Option("development"),
scenario: Literal["all", "easy", "medium", "hard", "hard_multi"] = typer.Option("all"),
max_seeds: int = typer.Option(1),
output_path: Path = typer.Option(Path("baseline_results.json")),
) -> None:
selected_policy = select_policy(policy)
selected_tasks = TASKS if scenario == "all" else {scenario: TASKS[scenario]}
selected_seeds = SEED_SETS[seed_set][: max(1, max_seeds)]
results: Dict[str, Dict[str, object]] = {}
episode = 1
for task_name, task_config in selected_tasks.items():
task_metrics = []
for seed in selected_seeds:
env = BudgetRouterEnv()
task_metrics.append(
run_episode(
env=env,
scenario=task_config,
seed=seed,
episode=episode,
policy_name=policy,
policy=selected_policy,
)
)
episode += 1
results[task_name] = {
"policy": policy,
"seed_set": seed_set,
"summary": summarize(task_metrics),
"episodes": task_metrics,
}
output_path.write_text(json.dumps(results, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
if __name__ == "__main__":
app()