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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20list%20of%20Austrian%20classical%20composers
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Chronological list of Austrian classical composers
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The following is a chronological list of Austrian classical composers: that is, those who live in, work in, or are citizens of Austria.
Baroque
Johann Heinrich Schmelzer (1623–1680)
Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (1644–1704)
Georg Reutter (1656–1738)
Johann Joseph Fux (1660–1741)
Johann Joseph Vilsmayr (1663–1722)
Joseph Balthasar Hochreither (1669–1731)
Johann Georg Reinhardt (1676–1742)
Johann Baptist Peyer (c.1678–1733)
Gregor Joseph Werner (1693–1766)
Leopold Strach (1699–1755)
Carl Georg Reutter (1708–1772)
Classical era
Joseph Riepel (1709–1782)
Franz Xaver Richter (1709–1789)
Vigilius Blasius Faitelli (1710–1768)
Ignaz Jacob Holzbauer (1711–1783)
Josephus Johannes Baptizta Bon (1711–1788)
Georg Christoph Wagenseil (1715–1777)
Georg Matthias Monn (1717–1750)
Wenzel Raimund Birck (1718–1763)
Leopold Mozart (1719–1787)
Joseph Friebert (1724–1799)
Josef Starzer (1726–1787)
Karl Kohaut (1726–1784)
Franz Aspelmayr (1728–1786)
Franz Kreibich (1728–1797)
Franz Joseph Aumann (1728–1797)
Florian Leopold Gassmann (1729–1774)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
Christoph Sonnleithner (1734–1786)
Karl von Ordóñez (1734–1786)
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (1736–1809)
Johann Michael Haydn (1737–1806)
Leopold Hoffman (1738–1793)
Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739–1799)
Johann Baptist Wanhal (1739–1813)
(1740–1794)
Anton Zimmermann (1741–1781)
Marianne von Martinez (1744–1812)
Ignaz Umlauf (1746–1796)
Franz Paul Rigler (1747–1796)
(1748–1805)
Maximilian Johann Karl Stadler (1748–1833)
Johannes Matthias Sperger (1750–1812)
Ferdinand August Kauer (1751–1831)
Johann Baptist Schenk (1753–1836)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Franz Grill (1756–1793)
Anton Teyber (1756–1822)
Ignace Joseph Pleyel (1757–1831)
Franz Teyber (1758–1810)
Josepha Barbara Auernhammer (1758–1820)
Joseph Gelinek (1758–1825)
Maria Theresa von Paradis (1759–1824)
Jakob Haibel (1762–1826)
Franz Xaver Gerl (1764–1827)
Anton Eberl (1765–1807)
Joseph Leopold Eybler (1765–1846)
Franz Xaver Süssmayr (1766–1803)
Joseph Weigl (1766–1846)
Leonhard von Call (1767–1815)
Wenzel Müller (1767–1835)
Johann Baptist Henneberg (1768–1822)
Nikolaus von Krufft (1779–1818)
Romantic
Johann Georg Lickl (1769–1843)
Ignaz von Seyfried (1776–1841)
Franz Weiss (1778–1830)
Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1778–1837)
Johann Baptist Gänsbacher (1778–1844)
Sigismond von Neukomm (1778–1858)
Franz Clement (1780–1842)
Michael Umlauf (1781–1842)
Anton Diabelli (1781–1858)
Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg (1783–1839)
Tobias Haslinger (1787–1842)
Joseph Mayseder (1789–1863)
Ignaz Aßmayer (1790–1862)
Carl Czerny (1791–1857)
Franz Xaver Mozart (1791–1844)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Joseph Franz Karl Lanner (1801–1843)
Johann Strauss I (1804–1849)
Johann Baptist Krall (1803–1883)
Anton Emil Titl (1809–1882)
Anton Bruckner (1824–1896)
Johann Strauss II (1825–1899)
Josef Strauss (1827–1870)
Eduard Strauss (1835–1916)
August Lanner (1835–1855)
Johann Nepomuk Fuchs (1842–1899)
Carl Michael Ziehrer (1843–1922)
Robert Fuchs (1847–1927)
Elkan Bauer (1852–1942)
Johann Pehel (1852–1926)
Hans Rott (1858–1884)
Hugo Wolf (1860–1903)
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)
Johann Strauss III (1866–1939)
Modern/Contemporary
Oscar Straus (1870–1954)
Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871–1942)
Walter Rabl (1873–1940)
Franz Schmidt (1874–1939)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951)
Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962)
Franz Schreker (1878–1934)
Robert Stolz (1880–1975)
Joseph Marx (1882–1964)
Anton Webern (1883–1945)
Alban Berg (1885–1935)
Egon Joseph Wellesz (1885–1974)
Ernst Krenek (1900–1991)
Theodor Berger (1905–1992)
Erich Zeisl (1905–1959)
Friedrich Cerha (1926–2023)
Georg Friedrich Haas (born 1953)
Beat Furrer (born 1954)
Bernard Lang (born 1957)
Lukas Ligeti (born 1965)
Olga Neuwirth (born 1968)
Klaus Lang (born 1971)
Composers
Austrian
Composers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Antilles%20Express
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Dutch Antilles Express
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Dutch Antilles Express B.V. was an airline of the Dutch country of Curaçao. It operated high-frequency scheduled services in the Dutch Caribbean to United States, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Haiti, and Suriname. Its main base was at Curaçao International Airport.
Due to an escalating debt from poor market conditions, the government of Curaçao stepped in on May 31, 2011, to keep the airline in the air. The airline has been purchased from Arnold Leonora by the Curaçao government for a cash injection sum of two injections of 1.5m Guilders (approx US$838,000 each). The company slogan was Your Caribbean Wings.
In August 2013, the company's management and employees approached the Curacao government through various departments for a new loan of 5m Guilders (approx. US$2.8 million) to, among other items, pay employee salaries outstanding from July 2013. The appeal for the loan was denied by the Curacao Parliament on August 16, 2013. The Court of First Instance of Curaçao declared DAE bankrupt on August 30, 2013.
History
Original operations
The airline started operations with three ATR 42s in 2003 as BonairExel (part of the ExelAviation Group) and soon expanded to encompass most of the Dutch Antilles and Aruba. Although an Embraer ERJ 145 was used on the Bonaire-Aruba flights, the aircraft was soon disposed of again, returning to Air Exel. Although it flew its aircraft in the Exel color scheme; operated with Air Exel aircraft; and flew with Air Exel cabin staff; the airline was wholly owned by a Dutch millionaire residing on Bonaire, and operated simply as a franchise carrier. As the local market was rather small, a subsidiary was formed on Curaçao, named CuraçaoExel. Dutch Caribbean Airlines (DCA) declared bankruptcy not long after. ExelAviation noticed that the Caribbean airlines were very profitable, and set up its own ArubaExel, causing distress amongst the other franchise carriers.
With ExelAviation expanding too rapidly in Europe and the Caribbean, a lawsuit against Nick Sandman (owner of the BonairExel and CuraçaoExel) demanded back the invested amount, and confiscated back its ATR 42.This link dissolved both ExelAviation Group and the Caribbean franchised airlines. With minimal funds, the airline made an attempt to distance itself from its partner, changing their names to Bonair Express and Curaçao Express. This move permanently broke up the alliance, causing no more profits to go to the ailing ExelAviation Group.
Previously the airline's head office was in the Plasa Medardo SV Thielman in Kralendijk, Bonaire. In April 2007 the airline moved its head office from Bonaire to Curaçao, where the airline's flight operations have been based. The airline's call centre and its revenue accounting and handling departments remained in Bonaire.
After numerous lawsuits, Bonair Express and Curaçao Express merged to form Dutch Antilles Express, which started operations on April 30, 2005 with flights between the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. On December 9, 2005, its first international services to Valencia, Venezuela, were launched.
Bankruptcy and cessation of flights
In March 2013, the National Institute of Civil Aviation (INAC) suspended the landing rights of DAE to Maracaibo based on failure to provide adequate service and accommodation to passengers. During this period, DAE had several aircraft that were undergoing required heavy maintenance, resulting in unavailability to perform some scheduled routes. While it is stated in the documents released by INAC that the suspension was temporary until scheduling issues could be resolved, DAE never restarted operations to Maracaibo.
In May 2013, INAC released an order suspending DAE's operating rights within the whole of Venezuela, claiming safety and security violations. These findings were publicly disputed by DAE in the media, particularly by Nelson Ramiz, who was a consultant to DAE, as well as the owner and CEO of Falcon Air Express, which provided wet-leased aircraft to Dutch Antilles Express.
In June 2013, the first ground stop due to non-payment of services occurred in Suriname. This was resolved through the court system by implementing a cash basis payment agreement and services resumed within days. The employees approached former Curaçao Prime Minister Gerrit Schotte to negotiate the lifting of the suspension by the Venezuela government and allow DAE to once again operate to Venezuelan cities. Shortly after, the Venezuelan government issued a revocation of all operating permits for DAE aircraft in Venezuela as of June 16, 2013.
In July 2013, management of Dutch Antilles Express approached the Curaçao Airport Holdings group regarding a capital loan of 5m Guilders. It became public that DAE's main competitor, Insel Air, had sent correspondence through the government proposing to purchase the government shares of DAE and take over the operations of the company, which was not pursued by the government. At this point, it also became public that DAE had received permission from the Curaçao government to develop nine new destinations as compensation for the loss of the Venezuelan markets. Curacao Airport Holdings declined to provide assistance; however, the Curaçao Parliament took up the question of providing additional public funds to the airline in August, when it became public that employee salaries had not yet been paid for July.
During the first week of August, the St. Maartin airport issued a "ground hold" for all DAE aircraft landing at the airport. Since St. Maarten and Curaçao share a common Civil Aviation department, and since DAE held a valid air operator's certificate issued by Civil Aviation, St. Maarten could not legally prevent any DAE aircraft from landing; however, it could hold that aircraft on the ground as collateral against the arrears. The airport and the airline agreed to enter negotiations and the airport allowed DAE aircraft to depart for several days as "relief" flights. By August 6, 2013, DAE had stopped operating to St. Maarten and was unable to come to an agreement with the airport, it would not service since.
On August 12, 2013, it was reported that one of Dutch Antilles Express's largest creditors, Girobank, had placed liens against their accounts, effectively stopping any cash flow from the business accounts. The following day, DAE employees assembled at the government offices in Curaçao to appeal for the council to reconsider its decision regarding the company.
By August 16, the airline was experiencing significant cash flow issues and had to cancel and consolidate flights to minimize fuel expenses. The Curacao Parliament discussed the ramifications of Dutch Antilles Express falling into bankruptcy and the economic impact that such an event would have on Curaçao. The reviewed finances of the company were reviewed in a closed session and the Parliament decided to decline further assistance to the airline by a vote of 9-9, with 3 absences (simple majority required to pass). The next day, DAE was prevented from using the check-in services of Curaçao Airport for a short time and admitted that services to Bonaire had been canceled as of the week before due to non-payment of navigation charges.
On August 24 at 00:01, the Curaçao Airport placed a departure restriction on all Dutch Antilles Express flights. As all of their flights either originated or arrived at Curaçao, this effectively stopped all operations. Over the next days, all DAE aircraft were returned to their lessors and all flights throughout the network were canceled. Shortly thereafter, IATA withdrew the airline from the Billing and Settlement Plan (BSP), preventing travel agents from selling or refunding tickets of the airline.
Two groups of employees petitioned the Curaçao Court of First Instance to declare the airline bankrupt. At a closed hearing on August 30, 2013, a judge issued a preliminary ruling that the company was indeed bankrupt and could not continue. On September 11, the company appealed the ruling of the bankruptcy judgement.
On September 19, shortly before the scheduled hearing regarding the bankruptcy judgement, DAE withdrew its objection to the ruling, which reaffirmed the bankruptcy of the company. The Curaçao Civil Aviation suspended their air operator's certificate for a period of 60 days until final judgement and disposition of the company can be determined by the court. This action likely marked to end of Dutch Antilles Express.
Livery
There were several differences in the liveries of Dutch Antilles Express aircraft.
One Fokker 100 was using the newer livery. The other two had the old DAE livery. It is all white and on the tail section it has the DAE logo. The fuselage had the DAE website on it. The planes were planned to be updated with the new livery at the next C-Check.
The McDonnell Douglas MD-83 operated by Falcon Air Express had a newer livery, the fuselage had blue and yellow stripes which represents the waters of the Caribbean from which Curacao forms a part of and the sun, typical of standard Caribbean weather. The engines have Curacao's official logo on it and the aircraft's tail features the O representing the sun from Curaçao's logo.
Destinations
Dutch Antilles Express served the following destinations, as of July 2013:
Fleet
The Dutch Antilles Express fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of April 2013:
There were plans to eventually replace their Fokker 100s with newer Airbus A319s and Airbus A320s.
Historical fleet
Past aircraft of The Dutch Antilles Express consisted of the following:
See also
List of defunct airlines of the Netherlands Antilles
References
External links
Defunct airlines of Curaçao
Airlines established in 2005
Airlines disestablished in 2013
Defunct airlines of the Netherlands Antilles
2005 establishments in the Netherlands Antilles
Dutch companies disestablished in 2013
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espada%20Cemetery
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Espada Cemetery
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The Espada Cemetery was located in the Barrio of San Lazaro approximately a mile west of the city walls, near the cove of Juan Guillen and close to the San Lázaro Leper Hospital. In use from 1806 to 1878, the Espada Cemetery was the first public burial place designed and constructed in Havana; prior to the cemetery, the Havana custom had been to bury the dead in the vaults of the churches such as Iglesia del Espíritu Santo in Havava Vieja. It was named after the Bishop incumbent at the time of design, José Díaz de Espada y Landa. Its boundaries included the present streets of San Lázaro, Vapor, Espada, and Aramburu. Despite being officially called Campo Santo, the people of Havana referred to the cemetery as el Cementerio de Espada. The cemetery was closed in 1878 and demolished in 1908, only a small wall remains of the original structure.
Location
The site of Espada Cemetery was between present-day Calle Espada to the east and Calles Vapor and San Lazaro. The main cemetery entrance was on Calle San Lazaro, most of the funeral processions went down Calle San Lazaro. The Hospital de San Lazaro had its entrance pediment facing present day Calle Marina, the area was the edge of the city originally known as Barrio San Lazaro. The Torreón de San Lázaro built in 1655 is located at the intersections of Calles Vapor and Marina. The San Dionisio hospital, created by the initiative of Captain General Francisco Dionisio Vives and by Bishop Espada, was exclusively for mentally ill men and located between the hospital of San Lazaro and the General Cemetery. In the same area was also a room of the Real Casa de Beneficencia, intended exclusively for demented women, but this had its front to Calle Belascoaín. The quarry of San Lazaro where Jose Marti had been imprisoned in 1870, was to the east. In front of the Casa de Beneficencia was the Batería de la Reina which was named after the Count of Santa Clara, Juan Procopio Bassecourt, governor of Cuba, who built the battery between 1797 and 1799.
Design
The Espada cemetery was a garden type, a single wall 2.5 meters thick which contained the crypts. The design and construction were directed by an architect with the surname of Aulet. The cemetery had a central courtyard, the walls were approximately 6 meters tall (4 crypts) with an elaborate stone coping for protection from the elements. The paintings that adorned the building entrance pavilion were by the Venetian Giuseppe Perovani (1765-1835). The cemetery was officially inaugurated on February 2, 1806. Only a small section of the original wall remains.
History
.
The cemetery was built in response to population growth around the area, and the resulting scarcity of church land that could be used for burial. It was proposed and sanctioned by the government of Don Salvador de Muro y Salazar in 1804, and, after two years of design and construction, the cemetery was ready for use in 1806, and was inaugurated on February 2 of that year.
The cemetery was used as the primary burial ground for the city of Havana from 1806 until the late 1860s. In 1868, a cholera epidemic broke out in the area, resulting in a greatly increased rate of death. It soon became apparent that the Espada Cemetery, still the only major burial ground in the region, would not suffice to handle the number of deaths that were coming from the epidemic. To compound matters, the reformist El Siglo scorned the Espada Cemetery in an 1865 editorial as unworthy of "the most miserable village." One United States visitor, after returning from a sobering tour of Havana's Espada cemetery at that time, instructed his hotel's attendant that if he were to die on the island, he must be buried at sea. In order to supplement the struggling Espada Cemetery, another cemetery, the Colón Cemetery (), named for explorer Christopher Columbus, was inaugurated in 1871. In 1878, the Espada Cemetery was closed in favour of the larger Colón Cemetery and because of the lack of space still remaining within the Espada Cemetery grounds. The Colón Cemetery remains in active use today, and now harbours more than 800,000 corpses.
Notes
References
Cemeteries in Cuba
Buildings and structures in Havana
Former cemeteries
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympistis%20khem
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Sympistis khem
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Sympistis khem is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is found in the US state of Utah.
The wingspan is about 33 mm.
References
khem
Moths described in 2008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khim
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Khim
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The khim ( ; ; ) is a stringed musical instrument derived from the Mesopotamian or Persian Santur. It is similar to the Hammered Dulcimer or Cimbalom. This khim was introduced to Thailand from China, where a similar (though, since the late 20th century, usually larger) instrument is called yangqin, and introduced to Laos and Cambodia from Thailand later. It is played with two flexible bamboo sticks with soft leather at the tips to produce a soft tone. This instrument can be played by either sitting down on the floor with the khim on the floor, or by sitting on a chair or standing while the khim is on a stand. The khim produces a bright and expressive sound when played. It is made of wood, with brass strings that are laid across the instrument. The Australian-born musician and vocal artist Lisa Gerrard specialises in the use of a khim hammered dulcimer, featuring its music on several albums and performing with the instrument live on tour.
History
The khim came to China from Persia during the Ming-Qing dynasty (1368-1911) and was popular in the northeast of the Kwang Tung territory. At the end of the Ayutthaya period, Thai people obtained the knowledge of how to build and play early versions of the khim from China. This instrument, along with its rise in popularity, came along with various other goods in trading arrangements with Chinese merchants. While the popularity of Chinese opera was rising, the instrument became popular due to its use within the opera group and this helped to further familiarise Thai people with the khim.
The khim was an especially popular instrument from around 1970-2004 because it was a central part in the Thai novel Khu Kam, which was later produced as a drama series and movie. The main character could play the khim very well, and the adaptations popularised the instrument with the song, "Nang Kruan".
Shape
Butterfly shape
This shape is the smallest size which contains two bridges with 7 notes (in khim, one note means 3 strings join together) and 42 strings. This shape is the original shape which was from China. From the past until these days, the popularity of this shape is still increasing
Irregular rectangle shape or trapezoid
This shape is the bigger size of khim with two bridges and 9, 11, or 15 notes. This trapezoid-shaped khim is very convenient to carry because it is a portable khim that is easy to carry.
Oval shape
This is the latest design with two bridges, 7 notes and 42 strings, which is also called a fancy khim. This shape is often painted with deep or bright color, and children who play the khim usually stick the cartoon sticker on the box. It is very attractive for children as it looks like a toy for them and the size of this shape is suitable for small children as well.
Construction
The bridge (Fret)
The bridge is a wooden device for the stringed musical instrument which support their strings and transfers the vibration from the strings to the other structural of the instrument. Khim has two bridges and there are many notes on the bridge bases on the different type of khim
Two bridges with 7 notes and 42 strings
Standard size that is popular among the primary students for beginning lessons.
Lowest note ล (La2 or A2) left side, bass bridge. Middle note ล (La3 or A3) right side, treble bridge. Highest note ล (La4 or A4) left side, treble bridge.
Two bridges with 9 notes and 54 strings
This is popular among khim musicians because it has more selection on sound.
Two bridges with 11 notes and 66 strings
The 66-string khim is a large instrument and very heavy. People who play this type of khim should be the musician who has a high degree of performance skill. It can be tuned to the level of international scale as it has many strings. This is made for professional musicians and only used for special occasions.
Soundbox
Using a various type of wood to build the soundbox. To construct the soundboard, softwood is the best selection to construct the soundboard. Softwood has a light texture which helps creating the sound.
Sound holes
Sound holes are the holes on the soundboard to enhance the bright sound and prevent the humidity in the soundbox which creates the swelling of the wood.
Tuning pins and Hitch pins
The hitch pins are on the left side of the sound-box and tuning pins are on the right side. There are 42 pins on each side. Tuning this instrument is very easy but time consuming. The player inserts a type of wrench on the pins that stick up from the sides, but only turns the pins on the right side. Turning the pins on the left side can cause the string to break. Then the player turns the wrench which tightens or loosens the string to the desired pitch.
Strings
The khim’s string is a brass 24 gauge string. It is being hitched on the hitch pins on the left side of the sound box. There are 14 groups of strings on the khim, and each group has 3 strings. Overall, the khim has a total of 42 strings
References
See also
Hammered dulcimer
Cimbalom
Santur
Hammered box zithers
Cambodian musical instruments
Thai musical instruments
Laotian musical instruments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil%20corporation
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Evil corporation
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An evil corporation is a trope in popular culture that portrays a corporation as ignoring social responsibility, morality, ethics, and sometimes laws in order to make profit for its shareholders. In rare cases, the corporation may be well intentioned but extremist, engaging in noble cause corruption.
In fiction
The notion is "deeply embedded in the landscape of contemporary culture—populating films, novels, videogames, and more." The science fiction genre served as the initial background to portray corporations in this dystopian light.
Evil corporations can be seen to represent the danger of combining capitalism with larger hubris.
Real-world usage
Some real-world corporations have been accused of being evil. To guard against such accusations, Google once adopted the official motto "Don't be evil", although whether it was ever truly followed was a matter of debate - critics accused the company of "evil" acts such as secret data collection and violating customers' privacy. The motto was eventually stripped from its code of conduct. The New Yorker wrote that "many food activists consider Monsanto (which later merged with Bayer) to be the definitively evil corporation".
The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility wrote, "For many consumers, Wal-Mart serves as the evil corporation prototype, but record numbers shop at the stores for low prices."
In Japan, a committee of journalists and rights activists issues an annual "corporate raspberry award" known as Most Evil Corporation of the Year Award (also called the Black Company Award) to a company "with a culture of overwork, discrimination and harassment".
See also
Anti-capitalism
Anti-consumerism
Anti-corporate activism
Big Pharma conspiracy theory
Business ethics
Corporate crime
Corporate warfare
Criticism of capitalism
Criticisms of corporations
Cyberpunk
Ethically disputed business practices (category)
Karen Silkwood
List of corporate collapses and scandals
Megacorporation
Military–industrial complex
Multinational corporation
Organized crime
Prison–industrial complex
Psychopathy in the workplace
Shareholder primacy
State crime
State-corporate crime
The Corporation (2003 film)
References
Further reading
External links
Sample list of evil corporations in film at MTV
Sample list of evil corporations in science fiction at PC World
Sample list of evil corporations in science fiction books at Barnes & Noble
Science fiction themes
Cyberpunk themes
Anti-corporate activism
Tropes
Fiction about organizations
Dystopian fiction
Corruption
Corporate conduct
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranni
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Ranni
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Ranni may refer to:
Ranni, Kerala, a village and taluka in Kerala, India.
Ranni (State Assembly constituency)
Rodolfo Ranni (born 1937), Italian-Argentine actor
Ranni the Witch, a character in the video game Elden Ring
See also
Rani (disambiguation)
Rannís
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sad%20Romance
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Sad Romance
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Sad Romance is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer CKay. It was released by Warner Music Africa on 23 September 2022. The album features guest appearances from Ayra Starr, Davido, Focalistic, Abidoza, Mayra Andrade, and Ronisia, and was executive produced by CKay. Following the release of the album CKay embarked on the Sad Romance North America Tour (2022).
It was produced primarily by CKay, with production from P2J, Christer, Abayomi Ilerioluwa, BMH, Charlie Handsome, Hoskins, Ramoni, Abidoza, Sarz, and Blaisebeatz. The album received generally positive reviews from critics. Lyrically, Sad Romance communicates with elements associate with love, lust, commitment, pleasure, and pain. The album was supported with a bonus track titled "Love Nwantiti".
Background and promotion
On 3 November 2021, CKay spoke to Billboard writer Darlene Aderoju about his upcoming album. He stated that he wanted to collaborate with R&B artists like SZA, Summer Walker, and Chris Brown, as well as pop stars like Chris Martin and Billie Eilish, and said: "My album is going to be my best work because I’m going to put my whole soul and essence into it." He tweet on 22 May 2022, "My album will make history".
Speaking with Guardian Life magazine, CKay said, "My music is greatly inspired by how I'm feeling at the moment. If I've just broken up, that is what you're going to hear, the vibe of someone that's dealing with heartbreak; and if I'm in an emotional place, you’re going to hear it in the music." He released "You" and "Mmadu" as promotional singles ahead of the release of Sad Romance. On 24 August 2022, CKay announced tour dates for Sad Romance North America Tour to begin on 1 October and end on 28 October 2022.
Release
In late 2021, CKay released "Emiliana", following the success of his sleeper hit "Love Nwantiti", which earned him his first Billboard chart entry. On 1 April 2022, he released the music video for "Emiliana", directed by Ahmed Mosh. "Emiliana" peaked at number one for seven consecutive weeks on the UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. On 6 December 2021, it was named song of the day by The Native, It debuted at number forty-four on the TurnTable Top 50 on 13 December, and reached number five on 24 January 2022. On 29 March 2022, the track debuted at number ten on the newly launched Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs chart.
On 17 June 2022, CKay released "Watawi", accompanied by a music video directed by Dalia Dias in South Africa. On 26 June 2022, the record peaked at number six on the UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. On 28 June 2022, "Watawi" debuted at number 13 on the Nigeria TurnTable Top 50 and number 21 on the US Billboard Afrobeats Songs chart. In 2022, "Watawi" was shortlisted on OkayAfrica Heat of the Week.
Deluxe edition
On 5 May 2023, CKay released "HALLELUJAH", featuring ex-label mate Blaqbonez, as the first single off the deluxe studio album. On 20 May 2023, "HALLELUJAH" debuted at number 26 on the Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs chart. Which eventually earned Blaqbonez his first career debut on the chart. On 5 June 2023, "HALLELUJAH" peaked at number 9 on the Official Nigeria Top 100 chart. On 10 June 2023, he announced #HallelujahOpenVerse challenge and promise to award 2 winners $2500 each.
On 2 June 2023, CKay released "nwayi", as the second single off the deluxe studio album. on 16 June 2023, he released the deluxe studio album for Sad Romance, produced primarily by CKay, along with production from BMH, Sakhile, and Magicsticks. The deluxe edition features guest appearances from Blaqbonez, Joeboy, and Tekno.
Critical reception
Sad Romance received generally positive reviews from music critics. In a review for Pulse Nigeria, Adeayo Adebiyi said that Sad Romance "is a nice album created with the intention of consolidating CKay's success abroad and reinstating his status has a sound connoisseur in Afrobeats. However, as far as Afrobeats goes, Afro-Emo is not a mainstream sound and it's uncertain just how much this project can change that." In a review for The Native, Dennis Ade Peter said "There will always be a question of whether CKay played it a little too safe on his debut LP, the ultimate context of the album is in its contribution to any mythos the singer and producer might hope to have, beyond the ubiquity of a few singles. Sad Romance doesn't deliver the sort of romance-themed tragedy you might want to glean from the title, just a few tragic moments and more blue-eyed ones that help bolster CKay as one of the best troubadours working in Nigerian pop today." Emmanuel Daraloye of AfroCritik noted that "[a] listen through this LP would obliterate doubts of willful naysayers."
Track listing
Sad Romance (Deluxe)
Accolades
Charts
References
2022 debut albums
Igbo-language albums
Soul albums by Nigerian artists
Afro pop music albums
Afrobeat albums
Albums produced by Blaisebeatz
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Hayes%20%28politician%29
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Benjamin Hayes (politician)
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Benjamin Hayes served as a member of the California State Assembly, representing California's 1st State Assembly district, from 1867–1868.
References
Members of the California State Assembly
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset%20in%20Vienna
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Sunset in Vienna
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Sunset in Vienna is a 1937 British musical drama film directed by Norman Walker and starring Tullio Carminati, Lilli Palmer and John Garrick.
It was made at Pinewood Studios.
A shortened version of the film was released in the United States in 1940 and this year and running time are sometimes listed.
Premise
An Italian officer marries an Austrian, but the outbreak of the First World War devastates their relationship.
Cast
Tullio Carminati as Capt. Antonio 'Toni' Baretti
Lilli Palmer as Gelda Sponek
John Garrick as Lt. Adolphe Sponek
Geraldine Hislop as Wanda
Davina Craig as Deaf lady
Hubert Harben as Austrian general
Edgar Driver as Alfred
Alice O'Day as Maddalena
Eileen Munro as Superintendent of V.A.D.
Patrick Barr as Ludwig
Peter Bull as Turk Outside Café
Katie Johnson as Woman in Café
Andreas Malandrinos as Café Manager
Julian Vedey as Candiani
References
Bibliography
Bergfelder, Tim & Cargnelli, Christian. Destination London: German-speaking emigrés and British cinema, 1925-1950. Berghahn Books, 2008.
Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
Wood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.
External links
1937 films
1930s musical drama films
British musical drama films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Norman Walker
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in Italy
British World War I films
British black-and-white films
1937 drama films
1930s British films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik%20%C3%93lafsson
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Friðrik Ólafsson
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Friðrik Ólafsson (born 26 January 1935) is an Icelandic chess grandmaster. He was president of FIDE from 1978 to 1982. He is a six-time Icelandic Chess Champion and a two-time Nordic Chess Champion.
Chess career
Friðrik was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. A first-time winner of the Icelandic Chess Championship in 1952 and of the Nordic Chess Championship a year later, he rapidly became recognised as the strongest Icelandic chess player of his generation. Friðrik's first result of international note was his shared first with Viktor Korchnoi at Hastings 1955–56.
Friðrik's best result in World Chess Championship competition was in the 1958 Interzonal tournament, where he finished equal 5th–6th, automatically earning the grandmaster title (the first for Iceland) and qualifying for the 1959 Candidates Tournament, the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion in 1960. It was an amazing achievement for someone who was not a chess professional at the time. In the Candidates Tournament, however, he finished seventh of eight with 10/28. He also played in the following Interzonal in 1962, but failed to qualify for the Candidates.
Among his other best tournament results were joint third in the first Piatigorsky Cup, Los Angeles 1963, with 7½/14 and shared first with Ljubomir Ljubojević at Wijk aan Zee 1976, ahead of Mikhail Tal. According to Chessmetrics, Olafsson at his best was rated 2692 on the October 1958 rating list, ranked #13 in world.
Olafsson continued to play occasionally into the 21st century, winning a rapid match against fellow veteran Bent Larsen in 2003 by a score of 5–3.
Friðrik usually played the Sicilian Defence against 1.e4 and the King's Indian Defence and Nimzo-Indian Defence against 1.d4. With White, he usually played the English Opening, but he also played 1.d4, 1.e4 and 1.Nf3 many times.
FIDE president
In 1978, Olafsson succeeded Max Euwe as President of the international chess governing body FIDE. During the tenure he presided over the 1981 Karpov–Korchnoi World Championship match. Since Korchnoi defected from the Soviet Union in 1976, the Soviets were holding Korchnoi's son, Igor. Olafsson delayed the planned September 19 start date of the match in a bid to get the Soviets to release Korchnoi's son. For this attempt, Olafsson drew the wrath of the Soviets, who then backed the FIDE Vice-President, Florencio Campomanes, for the Presidency of FIDE. Campomanes succeeded Olafsson as FIDE president in 1982.
Personal life
In life outside of chess, Friðrik is married and has two adult daughters.
Prior to 1974, when he became a chess professional, he worked as a lawyer at the Icelandic Ministry of Justice. After the FIDE presidency in 1982, Olafsson was appointed Secretary to the Icelandic Parliament.
References
Sources
Chess magazine, January 1979 – Interview with David Levy
The KGB Plays Chess – Yuri Felshtinsky
External links
1935 births
Living people
Fridrick Olafsson
Chess grandmasters
Fridrick Olafsson
Presidents of FIDE
Chess officials
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Holmgren
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Nils Holmgren
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Nils Frithiof Holmgren (1877–1954) was a Swedish zoologist and comparative anatomist. He was professor of zoology at Stockholm University from 1921 to 1944.
In 1906 Holmgren defended his doctoral dissertation at Stockholm University. In 1912 he became a teacher there, and in 1919 assistant professor of zoology, and in 1921 full professor. His early work focussed on the biology, systematics and anatomy of insects, especially termites, as in (1906) and (1909–1912). In later work he focused on the structure of the brain in worms, arthropods and vertebrates, publishing (1916) (Comparative anatomy of the brain), (1919), (1920), Points of view concerning forebrain morphology in lower vertebrates (1922), (with C. J. van der Horst) Contribution to the morphology of the brain in Ceratodus (1925), and Points of view concerning forebrain morphology in higher vertebrates (1925). This work made him a world expert on the nervous systems of the lower vertebrates. Later work focused on the investigation of cartilage in lower vertebrates. Holmgren, who undertook a research trip to Bolivia and Peru in 1904–1905, was from 1920 the publisher of the journal Acta Zoologica. Holmgren was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1928.
References
1877 births
1954 deaths
20th-century Swedish zoologists
19th-century Swedish zoologists
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%20Me%20%26%20Sherry%27s%20House
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Why Me & Sherry's House
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Why Me & Sherry's House is a non-profit organization established in 1985, in the suburbs of Worcester, Massachusetts. The home provides an environment for children who battle childhood cancer with the support of others encountering similar circumstances with the illness.
History
Why Me
Worcester Help for Youth, Memories Everlasting
The Why Me Organization was developed by Sherry Shepherd a thirteen-year-old cancer patient. Sherry was the first patient in the opening of the oncology department at the University Of Massachusetts Medical Center in Worcester, Massachusetts. Sherry wanted to leave her legacy to the community and help other cancer patients through their struggle and challenges of the disease. Why Me, stands for Worcester Help for Youth, Memories Everlasting.
Sherry’s House
Sherry's House is an addition to the Why Me Organization. Sherry's House provides a place for children and their families to receive compassion, encouragement and support throughout the battle of their illness of childhood cancer. Sherry's House serves as the home base and services over 500 families from all over the New England area. Summer Camp, monthly support group meetings, Easter Egg Hunt, and more are held at Sherry's House for all Why Me families. Sherry's House is also an eight bedroom residence for families to reside while on active treatment. It is cost free to stay there.
Ben's Activity Center
Ben's Activity Center is a wing added to Sherry's House in honor of five-year-old Ben Hagan. The 3,200 square foot area provides a three level living area for children and their families, consisting of a Main floor, Bedroom floor, and a Basement. The Main floor provides a clubhouse environment for children to play, do activities, arts and crafts, and a large toy room. The Basement is a play area consisting of air hockey and pool tables and video games. The top floor is a hospice suite for end of life care or for families after a transplant. Within the suite is two bedrooms, full kitchen, laundry, and sitting room.
References
External links
http://www.whyme.org/sherrys-house.php
Organizations based in Worcester, Massachusetts
Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C4%83gu%C8%99%20%28river%29
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Drăguș (river)
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The Drăguș is a left tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Olteț. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Brașov County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atkuyu%2C%20Sinanpa%C5%9Fa
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Çatkuyu, Sinanpaşa
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Çatkuyu is a village in the Sinanpaşa District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 53 (2021).
References
Villages in Sinanpaşa District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callionymoidei
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Callionymoidei
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Callionymoidei is a suborder of the Perciformes, the largest order of fish. The suborder includes the dragonets.
References
Ray-finned fish suborders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero%20%28Afrojack%20and%20David%20Guetta%20song%29
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Hero (Afrojack and David Guetta song)
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"Hero" is a song by Dutch DJ Afrojack and French DJ David Guetta. The song was released on 30 April 2021 under Afrojack's own label Wall Recordings, and was notably performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 grand final on 22 May 2021.
The song was written by Afrojack, Guetta, Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen of production duo Stargate, English singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding, English singer Jamie Scott, and American musician Ryan Tedder of the band OneRepublic. The song was produced by Afrojack, Guetta, Stargate and Dutch production duo DubVision. Although Goulding was the vocalist on the demo version of the song, the vocals on the final version were performed by American singer Luxtides (a.k.a. Danni Bouchard). However, she is not billed as a credited singer.
Critical reception
"Hero" was described as an "inspiring summer song" and "a crossover between pop and EDM". American web site EDM.com said that the song clearly refers back to the sound of the early 2010s which since then had eroded a bit, but that "(...)after a brutal year devoid of live music thanks to the fury of COVID-19, many ravers have found themselves nostalgic, desperately clinging to memories of simpler times in the throes of solitude. Afrojack hopes "Hero" can serve as a time machine."
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2021 singles
2021 songs
Afrojack songs
David Guetta songs
Songs written by Afrojack
Songs written by David Guetta
Songs written by Tor Erik Hermansen
Songs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen
Songs written by Ellie Goulding
Songs written by Jamie Scott
Songs written by Ryan Tedder
Song recordings produced by David Guetta
Song recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)
Dance-pop songs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20Beach%2C%20New%20South%20Wales
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Pearl Beach, New South Wales
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Pearl Beach is a suburb of on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Pearl Beach was assigned 'suburb' status by the Geographical Names Board of NSW on 25 October 1991.
History
Pearl Beach has a rich Indigenous history that is largely ignored by historical markers which have been erected in the community to commemorate visits by white settlers.
On 2 March 1788 Captain Arthur Phillip sailed north from Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, to the inlet described by Captain James Cook in 1770 as a "broken land" (id est Broken Bay).
As entered in their journals:
"We slept in the boat that night within a rocky point in the north-west part of the bay (which is very extensive) as the native tho very friendly appeared to be numerous", Gov. Capt. A. Phillip R.N..
"At 9 at night moored the boats in a cove on the N. side of the bay off which the surf broke violently... They were met by a great number of the natives men, women and children... They were all very friendly", Lieut. Wm. Bradley R.N. March 1788.
Geography
Located south of Umina Beach, being separated from it by a ridge upon which sits Mount Ettalong at a height of . It is bounded on the west and south by Brisbane Water National Park, and on the east by Broken Bay. Green Point, with Paul Landa Reserve, adjoins the southern end of the beach. The bay provides an example of a logarithmic spiral beach.
Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 536 people in Pearl Beach. 68.7% of people were born in Australia and 88.2% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 37.1% and Anglican 20.4%.
Swimming
The south end of the beach is placid, sheltered by a rocky point and Lion Island and is favoured by most visitors as a swimming spot. The north end of the beach is known for rough surf and is unofficially called "the dumpers". The dumpers, excluding the roughest waves at the far north end of the beach, are a popular bodysurfing spot for strong, confident swimmers, except during particularly rough surf or at king tide. Swimmers risk getting violently pounded onto the sand by a wave, or "chundered" (usually kayaking terminology) by waves dumping into a deep trench along the shoreline, but can generally avoid getting chundered by moving towards dry land or ducking under the break of the wave and swimming back to shore in smaller waves.
In 2014, five-year-old Chayce Kofe drowned after he was swept off the shore by a large wave. Gosford City Council continues to oppose danger signs despite calls from the local Member Kathy Smith to erect them.
See also
Rip current
Environment
Pearl Beach village is located within the National Trust of Australia's Broken Bay Entrance Landscape Conservation Area.
Awards
4 November 2009, Pearl Beach was declared the Central Coast regional winner of the NSW Keep Australia Beautiful Clean Beach Challenge while also winning the Community Partnerships and Action Award. Pearl Beach also took home a highly commended award in the Environmental Protection category.
9 December 2010, due to an absence of a formal select programme, Pearl Beach was successful with a nomination to represent New South Wales in the Keep Australia Beautiful Clean Beaches Award for 2010–11.
Community groups
Pearl Beach Progress Association
The Pearl Beach Progress Association was established in 1929 and grew out of informal gatherings of residents to discuss local problems and community projects. Today the Pearl Beach Progress Association promotes the best interests of the village, protects and enhances our wonderful natural environment and manages the historic Memorial Community Hall. Membership is available to anyone who is 16 years of age or older and lives in Pearl Beach or are owners of property in Pearl Beach, and the immediate families of such persons.
Pearl Beach Rural Fire Brigade
A volunteer firefighting brigade under the NSW Rural Fire Service, formed in 1953. The Station is located at 39 Emerald Avenue.
Community events
Since 2006, Opera in the Arboretum has been performed annually in March in the Crommelin Native Arboretum. The event is organised by the Rotary Club of Woy Woy and features performances by leading Australian opera identities. All proceeds are given to charities and Rotary projects.
Residential development
Residential development in Pearl Beach is governed by Gosford City Council's Development Control Plan 162 (DCP16). The aim of the Control Plan is to preserve, improve and restore the special natural character of Pearl Beach. It applies to all properties in the village of Pearl Beach, including, proposed buildings and major alterations and additions to existing buildings. DCP16 has superseded Gosford City Council's policies for Pearl Beach titled DO 16 and Pearl Beach Residential Development Policy.
Infrastructure
Road
Pearl Beach Drive is the only vehicular access road to the town.
There is pedestrian access is via the former Pearl Beach Road, also sometimes referred to as Cliff Road, which, nowadays, is a rocky unstable walking track that runs 30 feet above the shoreline around the base of the Mount Ettalong cliff via Umina Point. Pearl Beach Road is Heritage Listed, notably as a Section 2: Items listed by Local Government and State agencies.
Vehicular access to Pearl Beach has been problematic ever since motorised traffic was given access to the town, some events in this long saga include:
In 1925 Pearl Beach Road was designed and constructed as the main vehicular access road to Pearl Beach.
By December 1935, Pearl Beach Road had been closed to vehicles. As reported at the time: "The engineer of the Woy Woy Shire Council has reported to the touring department of the N.R.M.A. that during the summer holidays cars will be able to reach Pearl Beach from Ettalong by way of the new road. It is necessary for motorists to go along the old road from Ettalong to a point where a turntable has been constructed and a notice gives Warning that the road ahead is closed to traffic. The road over the hill is still under construction, and travelling conditions are not good, but, with care, tourists should be able to travel to Pearl Beach without difficulty."
In June 1936, the Pearl Beach Progress Association sent correspondence to Woy Woy Shire Council objecting to the council's decision to build a road to Patonga which would not go through Pearl Beach. A petition against the proposal was forwarded to the NSW Minister for Lands.
By April 1938, the Pearl Beach Progress Association had decided to pursue access to the town via water rather than road. As reported at the time: "Pearl Beach Progress Association has decided by a unanimous vote to demand an £800 wharf to facilitate launch connection with Patonga and Hawkesbury River railway station, in preference to a properly graded road connection with Woy Woy. It was expected that with a wharf large coastal vessels would come to Pearl Beach on their excursion trips from Sydney and Newcastle."
In February 1939, Pearl Beach Road was closed by Woy Woy Shire Council because a portion of the road had been washed away and two youths had been killed on it by falling over the cliffs. As reported at the time: "Although two experts stated that the road could be reconstructed for £2,000 and £4,800 respectively, a report by the shire engineer estimates that cost at £8,981. The Pearl Beach Progress Association will be advised of the cost, and as the rate necessary would be about 1 [shilling] in the [pound], the suggestion to replace the road is not likely to meet with approval."
In August 2010, Gosford City Council commenced stabilisation and reconstruction of sections of Mount Ettalong Road and Patonga Drive. Works were organised to ensure minimal traffic disruptions during morning and afternoon peak hours with delays of up to 15 minutes during other times. Consideration was given to the bus timetable and emergency vehicles.
Rock Pool
In 1926 construction of the Rock Pool, located at the southern end of the beach, adjoining Green Point, commenced. Once completed in 1928, C. R. Staples and Co. used it in promotional material to help sell land. Up until 1950, the pool suffered a pollution problem from its own amenities block that used open uncovered sanitary pans. Design and maintenance problems have plague the pool from the start. Nonetheless many people have and still enjoy the rock pool. During 2010, the rock pool was closed for 4 months whilst major renovations were carried out.
Electricity
Plans to provide Pearl Beach with electricity were given an approval on 31 December 1936. Mr. R. Franki, consulting electrical engineer to the Woy Woy Council, was instructed to proceed with construction after the necessary number of guarantees had been signed by the residents.
Sports facilities
Two tennis courts and a narrow artificial turf bowling green are located in Opal Close, bookings required. Lap swimming is available at the rock pool located at the southern end of the beach.
Notable residents
Minard Crommelin MBE (1881-1972), postmistress and environmental conservationist, lived in Pearl Beach between 1939 and 1972.
References
External links
Pearl Beach Progress Association website
Pearl Beach area website
Opera in the Arboretum website
Suburbs of the Central Coast (New South Wales)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineeta%20Rai
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Vineeta Rai
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Vineet Rai is a former Indian Administrative Service officer and Revenue Secretary in the Government of India. Rai was voted one of The 25 Most Powerful women in Business in India in 2020.
Early life
Rai completed her schooling at Sardar Patel Vidyalaya in New Delhi and subsequently studied history at Miranda House, and Brandeis University on a Wien International Scholarship.
Career
An officer of the 1968 IAS batch of the Union Territories cadre, Rai is the first women to hold the post of Revenue Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. She was appointed in June 2003 and held the post till September 2004.
Previously, Rai has held posts in the Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and Ministry of Home Affairs in the Union Government.
She also worked in various state administrations and public sector undertakings.
References
External links
Article on Rediff
Indian civil servants
Indian women civil servants
1944 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda%20Castillo
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Brenda Castillo
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Brenda Castillo (born June 5, 1992, in San Cristóbal) is a volleyball player from the Dominican Republic and plays as a libero. She was a member of the Dominican Republic national team that won fifth place in the 2012 Summer Olympics, while she was named the tournament's Best Libero. She played in the 2014 World Championship reaching also the fifth place and ranking 17th in the 2010 World Championship and the 2011 FIVB World Cup where her national team ranked eight and the 2015 FIVB World Cup, winning the Best Libero individual award and ranking in seventh place.
She won the silver medal at the 2009 U20 World Championship, 2013 U23 World Championship and Bronze in the 2009 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup and the 2015 Pan American Games. She won the gold medal of the 2009 NORCECA Championship, 2010 Final Four and the 2010 and 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games. Castillo also won the 2008, 2010, 2014 and 2016 Pan American Cup championship.
In club competition, Castillo won the 2011 Puerto Rican League with Criollas de Caguas and the 2012-13, 2013-14 Azerbaijan Super League and 2014–15 with Rabita Baku. She became runner-up with San Cristóbal at the 2008 Dominican Republic Volleyball League and won the silver medal in the 2012–13 and the bronze in the 2013–14 CEV Champions League with Rabita Baku.
Personal and early life
Castillo is tall and weighs . She was born on June 5, 1992, in Haina, San Cristóbal. Her parents are Argentina and Alfonso. She is married to Julio Enrique de los Santos.
She started practicing volleyball when she was ten under the guidance of coach Valentín Arias Pérez in the club Siglo XXI. Her nickname is "Chin Chin", which translates from colloquial Dominican speech as "small portion". She is also recognized for having a pretty face and model looks.
At the San Cristóbal Carnival 2010, Castillo was named Queen of the Carnival, "Reina Califé". After living a hard life, she decided to become a Christian in 2010. Castillo used to arrive late to national team practices because of a problem with alcohol, but decided to change her life in order to help herself and her family.
In January 2015, she revealed via Instagram the pictures of her wedding with Julio Enrique de los Santos. She often shares Bible verses on her Facebook account.
Career
2007
Castillo played with the Senior National Team that traveled to Guadalajara, Spain for a friendly series. She then played the 2007 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Colima, Mexico. Her team qualified for the 2008 FIVB World Grand Prix with a 3–2 victory in quarterfinals over Puerto Rico, and finally winning the competition's bronze medal with a 3–1 victory over the United States. Castillo then played in the 2007 Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Her national team lost in the quarterfinals after falling to Peru and ending up in fifth place. Castillo played in August her first Worldwide competition by playing the annual FIVB World Grand Prix in Tokyo, Japan
then Hong Kong, China and finally Taipei, where her team won their first competition's match ranking in eleventh place overall. After that competition, she moved in September with her national Senior Team to Winnipeg, Canada, playing the NORCECA Championship. There she won the bronze medal.
She then took part in the world cup in the FIVB World Cup when the Dominican Republic was assigned with a wild card. Her country ranked ninth after winning only three matches during the competition. In the second half of December, Castillo played in Monterrey, Mexico the NORCECA Olympic Qualification Tournament; but her team fell 0–3 to Canada in the semifinals getting out of contention for the Olympic berth and later 2–3 to Puerto Rico in the Bronze medal match.
2008
She played for the Senior National Team at the 2008 Olympic Qualification Tournament in Japan. There her team ended up in fourth place, and did not qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics. She then played in July with her National Junior Team, winning the silver medal at the 2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20, and was elected Most Valuable Player, Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver. Shortly afterwards Castillo claimed with her Senior Team the gold medal at the 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Mexico as a sixteen-year-old. Later that year her team won the silver medal at the Final Four Cup, as she won the Rising Star award.
2009
During the Holy Week Sport Festival held in Hato Mayor, Castillo played Beach Volleyball (three) with Yenifer Calcaño and Evelyn Carrera winning the Gold Medal of the event.
She won with her Senior team the silver medal and the "Rising Star" award at the 2009 Pan-American Cup. In June 2009, at the 2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H, at Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, she took the public ovation at the Gran Arena del Cibao winning the Best Digger, Best Receiver, Best Libero and MVP awards. She then participated with her Junior National Team she won the silver medal at the 2009 U20 World Championship, being awarded Best Digger, Best Receiver, Best Libero and MVP awards. She won the Best Digger, Best Receiver, Best Libero awards and the bronze medal with her team at the 2009 Final Four Cup held in Lima, Peru. She then played with her Senior National Team, winning the Continental Championship at the 2009 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship, and was awarded again, Best Libero, Digger and Receiver. This win qualified her team to the 2009 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup, there she was at the age of 17 one of the youngest players. The Dominican Republic and Castillo won the Bronze Medal of the event.
2010
Castillo crowned her 2009 performance winning the 2010 Dominican Republic "Athlete of the Year" and 2010 Dominican Republic "Volleyball Player of the Year". She started the 2010 year winning the Best Libero, Digger and Receiver awards at the 2010 Pan-American Cup, won by her home team playing in Rosarito and Tijuana. Two weeks after the Pan-Am cup, she won the silver medal and the "Best Libero, Digger and Receiver awards at the 2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20.
The Dominican Republic Olympic Committee selected Castillo as the Dominican Republic Flag bearer for the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games held at Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, from July 17, 2010, to August 1, 2010. In the volleyball tournament of the Regional Games, she won with her team the gold medal. She later played in Chiapas, Mexico winning the Best Libero and Best Receiver awards, along with the gold medal with her National Senior Team at the 2010 Final Four Cup. Castillo later participated in her first Senior World Championship in Japan, finishing second in digs and Best Libero categories, and being 17th with her national team.
At the end of the 2010 year, Brenda joined the Dominican Republic club Mirador that participated in the 2010 FIVB World Club Championship finishing in 4th place with this club and earning the Best Libero award.
2011
The Puerto Rican team Criollas de Caguas signed Brenda for the 2011 season, as her first international club experience, joining the Canadian Stacey Gordon and Dominicans Bethania de la Cruz and Annerys Vargas. She replaced the injured Yarimar Rosa. During the regular season, Brenda accumulated statistics that make her Best Libero and Best Digger, and crowned the season winning the Puerto Rico League Championship, sweeping the final series against the Mets de Guaynabo.
Castillo then played the 2011 Pan-American Cup being awarded with the Best Libero and Best Digger awards, also winning the silver medal with her national team. She then took part of the 2011 Junior World Championship held in Lima, Peru. She helped her Junior National team to reach the 5th place in the tournament. Brenda won the silver medal and the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards at the 2011 NORCECA Championship, held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. She was also awarded the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards at the 2011 Pan American Games where her team finished in fourth place.
Castillo played the 2011 FIVB World Cup and her national team ranked in eight place and she finished in seventh place among the Liberos.
2012
In the Summer Olympics NORCECA qualification tournament played in May in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, Castillo saw her team qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal against the Cuban team. She earned awards for the Best Receiver and Best Libero of the competition. Later, she would confessed, that she played the tournament being pregnant and would not be able to play at the Olympic Games. But about one month later, the National Team doctor gynaecologist Albert Fiorinelli Milciades Camilo, announced that Castillo suffered a spontaneous abortion after 19 weeks of pregnancy. Two days later, she predicted that she would start training in 15 days in order to get physically fit to play in the Summer Olympics.
At the Pan-American Cup held in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, she returned to play with the National team, finishing with her team in the 4th place and winning the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards.
Castillo played at the 2012 Olympic tournament and her national team ranked 5th, after losing the quarterfinal match 3–0 against the United States. Nonetheless, she managed to win the individual award of Best Libero of the competition. She would later recall, as of July 2016, that award as the peak moment of her career.
In September, Castillo won the gold medal and the Best Digger award at the first 2012 U23 Pan-American Cup, played in Callao, Peru.
In early November 2012, Castillo signed with the Azerbaijani club Rabita Baku to play the Azerbaijan Super League and the CEV Champions League. Her goal was to achieve the league championship, even when she was playing without any knowledge of the Azerbaijani language.
2013
As one of the 15 women awarded by the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee in her sport, Castillo won the 2012 Volleyball Player of the Year. Castillo was one of the candidates for the top prize, the Dominican Republic Athlete of the year, along with Félix Sánchez, Luguelín Santos, Yamilet Peña and Aumi Guerra. Castillo was also considered by the volleyball portal Volleyball.it among the candidates for the 2012 Globe Awards prize. She managed to survive Brazilian Fabiana de Oliveira in the semifinal round, but she lost the final round to Italian Enrica Merlo 55% to 45%.
Castillo played the 2012-13 CEV Champions League Final Four held in Istanbul, Turkey. Her team defeated the Italian club Unendo Busto Arsizio 3–2 in the semifinals, but lost 3–0 in the championship match to the Turkish VakıfBank.
In April, Castillo's club, Rabita Baku claimed the Azerbaijan Super League Championship ahead of Igtisadchi Baku and Azerrail Baku, three weeks before the end of the season to win their sixth title in a row. She won the league's Best Libero award. She then played the 28th Montreux Volley Masters held in Montreux, Switzerland, after the invitation received by her National Team for the first time since 2003. Castillo's team won the Bronze Medal defeating Italy 3-1 after dropping the semifinals 0-3 from Brazil. Soon after this tournament, the Dominican Republic National Federation announced the Castillo's separation from the National Team due to erratic behavior and indiscipline.
She would later apologize for her previous behavior and promised to change her attitude, being then readmitted in the national team just in time to take part in the 2013 FIVB World Grand Prix. She helped her team to reach the 10th position in the competition, posting a 3.69 digs per set average, topping all the diggers in the preliminary round. Castillo played in late September the NORCECA Continental Championship, winning the silver medal and the Best Digger award.
Castillo played with her national team at the U23 World Championship, helping her team to win its pool with a 4–1 record. They later had a 3–0 win over the USA team in the semifinals before falling 0–3 to China in the final match. She finished the tournament statistics as the best digger and was awarded Best Libero.
2014
In January, Castillo was selected by the volleyball specialized website Volleywood for the 2013 My Volleywood Idol voting, advancing to the second round but, could not make a final four spot.
After her Azeri club Rabita Baku won the right to host the 2013–14 CEV Champions League Final Four, Castillo's club won the Bronze medal after falling 0–3 to the Russian Dinamo Kazan in the semifinals, but defeating 3–0 to the Turkish Eczacıbaşı VitrA Istanbul in the third place match. She was awarded tournament's Best Libero. She later commented that she felt lucky for playing another year with Rabita Baku and dedicated the club's recent triumph to their fans. This new accolade helped Castillo's popularity to grow in her home country, the Dominican Republic, there she is known as one of the most popular athletes.
Rabita Baku, claimed their sixth title championship by winning the 2013–14 Azerbaijani Super League 3-0 to Azeryol Baku and Castillo won the Best Libero individual award.
The Dominican Republic head coach gave Castillo a little participation during the 2014 FIVB World Championship NORCECA qualification tournament held in La Romana, Dominican Republic, even when the audience claimed for her appearance. Nonetheless, she helped her team to reach a berth to the 2014 World Championship in late May. Later in Mexico City, Mexico, Castillo help her national team to clinch the 2014 Pan American Cup championship and the 2015 Grand Prix berth. For her performance during the tournament, Castillo won the Most Valuable Player, Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver.
Castillo played the FIVB World Grand Prix, being one of the favorites from the attendants during the first week of the competition in Sassari, Italy, resulting in many people waiting in line for Castillo's autograph and pictures. After winning just one match during the Group 1, the Dominican Republic finished in 12th and last place. Nonetheless, With a 3.85 digs per set, Castillo ranked first among her Group.
Hoping to reach a late stage in the World Championship held in Italy, Castillo helped her national team to start the competition undefeated 5-0 after winning over the home team 3–2. She ranked third in defense after the Pool A round robin competition. After a 7–2 start, her team qualified for the first time to the World Championship third round besides losing 2–3 to China, but being unable to reach a semifinal spot after losing their two third round matches 2–3 to China and 0–3 to Brazil. Ultimately Castillo's national team ended up in fifth place.
Castillo returned to Rabita with the ambition of repeating the league championship and later announced a three years deal until 2017 with her Azerbaijani club, before joining again her national team in the volleyball tournament at the Central American and Caribbean Games. After her comments that being favorite make them work harder, she helped her national team to win their fourth consecutive gold medal. Winning the best digger, receiver and libero awards make her also win the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
2015
Because of the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee favoured the individual athletes, Castillo was not taken into account for the 2014 Athlete of the Year award besides of her notable 2014 year results. But she was selected by the Dominican Republic Guild of Sport Writers among the 2014 top athletes, along with boxer Juan Carlos Payano, Major League Baseball pitcher Johnny Cueto and the later top awarded, the tennis player Víctor Estrella Burgos. Nonetheless, Castillo was selected volleyball player of the year.
After a four sets win over Agel Prostějov, only the second win in their Pool A of Castillo's professional team, Rabita Baku in the 2014–15 CEV Champions League but the team were in the middle of a financial crisis and they then lost 0–3 to Dinamo Kazan despite of good reception and defense, and lost 2–3 to Chemik Police in the last Champions League season match. After ranking fourth in their pool A,
After the pool play, Castillo was chosen among the magnificent 7 weeks all-star team. they missed the qualification to playoffs and were relegated to the CEV Cup and paired with Béziers Volley Rabita defeated Béziers Volley 3-1 and 3–0 in the return match, and for the second time, they make it to the Cup semifinals. In the semifinals they faced the Russian club Dinamo Krasnodar. But Rabita lost 1–3 in Russia and then lost 0–3 at Baku finishing their CEV Cup season in third place.
Rabita Baku ultimately faced Lokomotiv Baku in the Azerbaijani League final series, winning 3-1 the final series first match and again 3–1 in the second reaching Rabita's local league eight title and she won the league's Best Libero and Best Digger awards.
Castillo later participated in the 2015 Montreux Volley Masters, but her national team lost the fifth place match 1–3 to Germany. Soon after that, she took part of the NORCECA Champions Cup, taking home the gold medal and the qualification for the 2015 FIVB World Cup and also winning the Best Digger award.
Castillo played the Pan-American Cup in Peru, winning the silver medal when her national team lost to the United States 0–3 in the championship match. In spite of that, they qualified to the 2016 FIVB Grand Prix and she won the Best Libero, Digger and Receiver awards.
As part of a historic Dominican Republic delegation to the 2015 Pan American Games, she won with her national team the bronze medal after losing to the United States in the semifinals and defeated 3-1 the Puerto Rico national team. In the World Cup, Castillo also won the best libero award, while her team finished in the seventh place from twelve with a 5–6 record.
On early October, Castillo was awarded Best Libero and Best Digger after her national team lost 1-3 the NORCECA Championship gold medal match against the United States. Later that month, the Azerbaijani club Lokomotiv Baku announced that Castillo have signed a one-year contract with them.
2016
After a 3-0 matches sweep over Azeryol Baku, Castillo helped Lokomotiv Baku to win the 2015–16 Azerbaijan Super League bronze medal and she was awarded Best Digger. She joined her national team, competing in the World Olympic qualification tournament, were her team finished in sixth place from eighth teams, not qualifying for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Even though, her performance made her recipient of the Best Libero individual award. After that, she was selected Best Libero by the social media poll conducted by the specialized portal, World of Volley. She received 9,654 votes to lead the liberos contest. After receive a special salute for that accomplishment from the Women's and Sports commissioner of the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee Dulce Piña, she was sidelined from her national team who won the gold in the World Grand Prix Group II along with Prisilla Rivera to give them a rest. But her coach callEd her for the Pan-American Cup played in home soil.
Her team performed with 5–0 in the pool play before defeating Cuba 3-0 and finally to Puerto Rico once again, this time 3–2 to win the gold medal and a berth for the 2017 FIVB World Grand Prix. Castillo was awarded Best Digger, Receiver and Libero. Nonetheless, she expressed that she does not play for the awards, that they come for the strength invested for playing for her native country, and that playing at home brings an extra motivation.
Castillo signed with the Brazilian club Genter Vôlei Bauru for the 2016/2017 season.
2017
Genter Vôlei Bauru reached for the first time a Brazilian Superliga quarterfinals berth, but they were defeated by Minas 0–2 in the best-of-three playoff. After losing the first match 0–3, Castillo tattooed the John 3:16 Bible verse in one of her arms saying that these passage guided her life. However, Castillo was chosen among the tournament's best players, winning the Best Digger individual award, after she spent the season leading those statistics. She thanked God and expressed the satisfaction for being among the best of the league and described the accomplishment of playing with teamwork, helping her teammates in every match.
She was called up to the 2017 FIVB World Grand Prix and her national team finished the first round in the Netherlands with a 2–1 mark, But on the way to the second leg in Russia, making a stop in Warsaw, their LOT Polish Airlines flight check found Marianne Fersola, Niverka Marte and Castillo's passports full and could not be stamped anywhere refusing to board them and the whole team decided to stay together. After finally arriving in Russia, the team was overall ranked eight after losing two matches from three played in the second round and Castillo was among the All-Star team from that Russian leg and was leading the WGP Group 1 digs with 3.64 digs per set. The Russian police raided the Dominican team hotel suspecting involvement in white-slave traffic from Latin-American to Russia and Castillo was jailed for two days. But she was detained in the airport along with human trafficking involved people; her Russian travel visa expired on July 15, two days before she tried to leave the country on July 17 and with intervention by the Dominican ambassador in Russia, she could travel to the third round on Thailand and together with Niverka Marte and her head coach joined the rest of the team who had traveled on time. The Dominican team finally ranked eight after losing two matches in the Thai round, not qualifying for the final round.
She took part in the NORCECA 2018 FIVB World Championship qualification tournament in Santo Domingo were her national team won the qualification and the World Championship berth, with Castillo winning the tournament's Most Valuable Player, Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards.
2018
Castillo played the 2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League from the National District, playing with Cristo Rey and winning the tournament's silver medal when her team lost 1-3 to Caribeñas VC. She won the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards. At the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games, Castillo won with her team the gold medal and the Best Libero and Best Digger individual awards. In the inaugural Nations League her national team performed 3-12 ranking in the fourteenth place. Her team lost 2-3 in the final match of the Pan-American Cup, winning the silver medal. She was awarded the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver. Castillo played the World Championship in Japan, her team was 3-2 in the first round and 5-4 after the second round and finishing in ninth place when they could not qualify for the third round.
Clubs
San Cristóbal (2007–2010)
Pueblo Nuevo (2009)
Mirador (2010)
Criollas de Caguas (2011)
Rabita Baku (2012-2015)
Lokomotiv Baku (2015-2016)
Genter Vôlei Bauru (2016–2017)
Cristo Rey (2017-19)
SESI/Vôlei Bauru (2020-21)
Savino del Bene Scandicci (2021-)
Awards
Individuals
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Most Valuable Player"
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Libero"
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Receiver"
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Digger"
2008 Pan-American Cup "Rising Star"
2008 Final Four Cup "Rising Star"
2008 Dominican Volleyball League "Best Receiver"
2008 Dominican Volleyball League "Best Digger"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Most Valuable Player"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Best Digger"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Best Receiver"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Best Libero"
2009 Pan-American Cup "Rising Star"
2009 U20 World Championship "Most Valuable Player"
2009 U20 World Championship "Best Libero"
2009 U20 World Championship "Best Digger"
2009 U20 World Championship "Best Receiver"
2009 Final Four Cup "Best Libero"
2009 Final Four Cup "Best Digger"
2009 Final Four Cup "Best Receiver"
2009 NORCECA Championship "Best Libero"
2009 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger"
2009 NORCECA Championship "Best Receiver"
2010 Dominican Republic "Athlete of the Year"
2010 Dominican Republic "Volleyball Player of the Year"
2010 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero"
2010 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger"
2010 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver"
2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Libero"
2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Digger"
2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Receiver"
2010 Final Four Cup "Best Libero"
2010 Final Four Cup "Best Receiver"
2010 World Club Championship "Best Libero"
2011 Puerto Rican League "Best Libero" 2011 Puerto Rican League "Best Digger" 2011 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2011 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2011 NORCECA Championship "Best Libero" 2011 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger" 2011 NORCECA Championship "Best Receiver" 2011 Pan American Games "Best Libero" 2011 Pan American Games "Best Digger" 2011 Pan American Games "Best Receiver" 2012 Summer Olympics NORCECA qualification tournament's "Best Receiver"
2012 Summer Olympics NORCECA qualification tournament's "Best Libero"
2012 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver" 2012 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2012 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2012 Summer Olympics "Best Libero" 2012 U23 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2012 Dominican Republic "Volleyball Player of the Year" 2012-13 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Libero" 2013 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger" 2013 U23 World Championship "Best Libero" 2013-14 CEV Champions League "Best Libero" 2013-14 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Libero" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Most Valuable Player" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games "Most Valuable Player" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Libero" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games Receiver" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Digger" 2014-15 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Libero" 2014-15 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Digger" 2015 NORCECA Champions Cup "Best Digger" 2015 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2015 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2015 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver" 2015 FIVB World Cup "Best Libero" 2015 NORCECA Championship "Best Libero" 2015 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger" 2015–16 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Digger" 2016 World Olympic qualification tournament "Best Libero"
2016–17 Brazilian Super League "Best Digger"
2016 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero"
2016 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger"
2016 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver"
2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League "Best Libero"
2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League "Best Digger"
2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League "Best Receiver"
2018 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Libero"
2018 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Digger"
2021 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver"
2021 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger"
2021 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero"
National Team
Junior Team
2008 NORCECA Women´s Junior Continental Championship U-20 Silver Medal
2009 FIVB U20 Volleyball World Championship Silver Medal
2010 NORCECA Women´s Junior Continental Championship U-20 Silver Medal
2012 U23 Pan-American Cup - Gold Medal
2013 U23 World Championship - Silver Medal
Clubs
2008 Dominican Republic Volleyball League – Runner-Up, with San Cristóbal
2011 Puerto Rican League – Champion, with Criollas de Caguas
2012–13 CEV Champions League – Runner-Up, with Rabita Baku
2012-13 Azerbaijan Super League - Champion, with Rabita Baku
2013–14 CEV Champions League – Bronze medal, with Rabita Baku
2013-14 Azerbaijan Super League – Champion, with Rabita Baku
2014-15 Azerbaijan Super League – Champion, with Rabita Baku
2015–16 Azerbaijan Super League – Bronze medal, with Lokomotiv Baku
Beach Volleyball
2009 Hato Mayor Beach Volleyball Tournament Gold Medal
References
External links
FIVB Profile
CEV Profile
Italian League Profile
1992 births
Living people
Dominican Republic Christians
Dominican Republic women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Volleyball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the Dominican Republic
Olympic volleyball players for the Dominican Republic
Pan American Games medalists in volleyball
Sportspeople from San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for the Dominican Republic
Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games
Volleyball players at the 2019 Pan American Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
Volleyball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20UEFA%20Europa%20League
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2010–11 UEFA Europa League
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The 2010–11 UEFA Europa League was the second season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 40th edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 1 July 2010, with the first qualifying round matches, and concluded on 18 May 2011, with the final at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, between Porto and first-time finalists Braga. This was the first all-Portuguese final of a European competition and only the third time that two Portuguese teams faced each other in Europe, following Braga's elimination of Benfica in the semi-finals. Porto defeated Braga 1–0, with a goal from the competition's top goalscorer Radamel Falcao, and won their second title in the competition, after victory in the 2002–03 UEFA Cup. Atletico Madrid were the defending champions but were eliminated in group stage.
Association team allocation
A total of 194 teams from 53 UEFA associations participated in the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. Associations were allocated places according to their 2009 UEFA country coefficient, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 2004–05 to 2008–09.
Below is the qualification scheme for the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League:
Associations 1–6 each have three teams qualify
Associations 7–9 each have four teams qualify
Associations 10–51 each have three teams qualify, except Liechtenstein, which have one team qualify (as Liechtenstein only have a domestic cup and no domestic league)
Associations 52–53 each have two teams qualify (an increase from only one team in the previous season)
The top three associations of the 2009–10 UEFA Fair Play ranking each gain an additional berth
Moreover, 33 teams eliminated from the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League are transferred to the Europa League.
Association ranking
Notes
(FP): Additional fair play berth (Sweden, Denmark, Finland)
(UCL): Additional teams transferred from the UEFA Champions League
Distribution
The winners of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, Atlético Madrid, were guaranteed a place in the group stage as the title holder, since they did not qualify for the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League. However, they also qualified for the Europa League third qualifying round through domestic performance, as they were the runners-up of the 2009–10 Copa del Rey to Champions League-qualified Sevilla. As a result, this place in the third qualifying round was vacated, which in turn led to the following changes to the default allocation system in order to compensate for this vacant spot:
The domestic cup winners of association 28 (Finland) have been promoted from the second qualifying round to the third qualifying round.
The domestic cup winners of associations 52 and 53 (Malta and San Marino) have been promoted from the first qualifying to the second qualifying round.
Redistribution rules
A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within the national association by the following rules:
When the domestic cup winners (considered as the "highest-placed" qualifiers within the national association) also qualify for the Champions League, their Europa League place is vacated, and the remaining Europa League qualifiers are moved up one place, with the final place (with the earliest starting round) taken by the domestic cup runners-up, provided they do not already qualify for the Champions League or the Europa League. Otherwise, this place is taken by the highest-placed league finishers that have not yet qualified for the Europa League.
When the domestic cup winners also qualify for the Europa League through league position, their place through the league position is vacated, and the Europa League qualifiers that finish lower in the league are moved up one place, with the final place taken by the highest-placed league finishers that have not yet qualified for the Europa League.
A place vacated by the League Cup winners is taken by the highest-placed league finishers that have not yet qualified for the Europa League.
A Fair Play place is taken by the highest-ranked team in the domestic Fair Play table that has not yet qualified for the Champions League or the Europa League.
Teams
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:
TH: Title holders
CW: Cup winners
CR: Cup runners-up
LC: League Cup winners
Nth: League position
P-W: End-of-season European competition play-offs winners
FP: Fair play
UCL: Relegated from the Champions League
GS: Third-placed teams from the group stage
PO: Losers from the play-off round
Q3: Losers from the third qualifying round
Notes
England (ENG): Portsmouth, the runners-up of the 2009–10 FA Cup to Champions League-qualified Chelsea, did not obtain a UEFA licence, meaning they could not qualify for Europe. Portsmouth had appealed to UEFA, the Premier League and the English FA, but the latter two would not allow late applications for the licence. As a result, the seventh-placed team of the 2009–10 Premier League, Liverpool, claimed the Europa League spot in the third qualifying round.
Republic of Ireland (IRL): Since the third- and fourth-placed teams of the 2009 League of Ireland, Cork City and Derry City, were dissolved and expelled from the league respectively after the season was completed, the fifth-placed team, Dundalk, claimed the Europa League spot in the first qualifying round.
Lithuania (LTU): Vėtra, the runners-up of the 2009 A Lyga and also the runners-up of the 2009–10 Lithuanian Football Cup to Champions League-qualified Ekranas, were denied the UEFA license for the 2010–11 season and therefore could not represent Lithuania in the UEFA Europa League. As a result, all Europa League spots were awarded to teams based on their league positions. Therefore, the fourth-placed team, Šiauliai, were moved from the first qualifying round to the second qualifying round, while the fifth-placed team, Tauras Tauragė, claimed the Europa League spot in the first qualifying round.
Spain (ESP): Mallorca, the fifth-placed team of the 2009–10 La Liga, were not admitted to the UEFA Europa League due to being immersed in a creditor contest (not by reason of having debt) a situation that does not meet the necessary admission criteria for participating in the UEFA competitions. As a result, the seventh-placed team, Villarreal, claimed the Europa League spot in the play-off round. On 30 July, UEFA's Appeals Body dismissed Mallorca's appeal against the infraction.
Round and draw dates
All draws held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland unless stated otherwise.
Matches in the qualifying, play-off, and knockout rounds may also be played on Tuesdays or Wednesdays instead of the regular Thursdays due to scheduling conflicts.
Seeding
The draws for the qualifying rounds, the play-off round and the group stage are all seeded based on the 2010 UEFA club coefficients. The coefficients are calculated on the basis of a combination of 20% of the value of the respective national association's coefficient for the period from 2005–06 to 2009–10 inclusive and the clubs' individual performances in the UEFA club competitions during the same period. Clubs are ordered by their coefficients and then divided into pots as required.
In the draws for the qualifying rounds and the play-off round, the teams are divided evenly into one seeded and one unseeded pot, based on their club coefficients. A seeded team is drawn against an unseeded team, with the order of legs in each tie also being decided randomly. Due to the limited time between matches, the draws for the second and third qualifying rounds take place before the results of the previous round are known. The seeding in each draw is carried out under the assumption that all of the highest-ranked clubs of the previous round are victorious. If a lower-ranked club is victorious, it simply takes the place of its defeated opponent in the next round. Prior to these draws, UEFA may form "groups" in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee, but they are purely for convenience of the draw and do not resemble any real groupings in the sense of the competition, while ensuring that teams from the same association not drawn against each other.
In the draw for the group stage, the 48 teams are split into four pots of twelve teams, based on their club coefficients, with the title holder (if participating) automatically placed into Pot 1. Each group contains one team from each pot, but teams from the same association cannot be drawn into the same group.
In the draw for the first knockout stage, the twelve group winners and the four better third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage (based on their match record in the group stage) are seeded, and the twelve group runners-up and the other four third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage are unseeded. A seeded team is drawn against an unseeded team, with the seeded team hosting the second leg. Teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn against each other.
In the draws for the round of 16 onwards, there are no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association may be drawn with each other.
Qualifying rounds
In the qualifying and play-off rounds, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis.
The draw for the first two qualifying rounds was made on 21 June 2010, while the draw for the third qualifying round was made on 16 July 2010.
First qualifying round
The first legs were played on 1 July, and the second legs were played on 8 July 2010.
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Note 1: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Second qualifying round
The first legs were played on 15 July, and the second legs were played on 22 and 23 July 2010.
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Notes
Note 2: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Note 3: Original match abandoned in the 80th minute due to adverse weather conditions, with MYPA leading 1–0. The match was replayed on 23 July 2010 at 18:30 CEST from the beginning.
Note 4: UEFA awarded Győri ETO a 3–0 win due to Atyrau fielding a suspended player in the first leg. The original match had ended in a 2–0 win for Győri ETO.
Note 5: UEFA awarded Budućnost Podgorica a 3–0 win due to Baku fielding a suspended player in the first leg. The original match had ended in a 2–1 win for Baku.
Third qualifying round
The first legs were played on 27 and 29 July, and the second legs were played on 3 and 5 August 2010.
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Notes
Note 6: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Play-off round
The draw for the play-off round was held on 6 August 2010. The first legs were played on 17 and 19 August, and the second legs were played on 24 and 26 August 2010.
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Note 7: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Group stage
The 48 clubs were drawn into twelve groups of four on 27 August 2010 in Monaco. In each group, teams play against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The matchdays are 16 September, 30 September, 21 October, 4 November, 1–2 December, and 15–16 December 2010. The group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 32, where they are joined by the eight third-placed teams from the group stage of the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League.
If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied to determine the rankings (in descending order):
higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question;
superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question;
higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question;
superior goal difference from all group matches played;
higher number of goals scored;
higher number of coefficient points accumulated by the club in question, as well as its association, over the previous five seasons.
Following a trial at last year's UEFA Europa League, UEFA have announced that in both this year's and the 2011–12 competition, two extra officials would be used – with one on each goal line.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Group I
Group J
Group K
Group L
Knockout phase
In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final.
The draw for the round of 32 and round of 16 was held on 17 December 2010. The draws for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (to determine the "home" team) were held on 18 March 2011.
Bracket
Round of 32
The first legs were played on 15 and 17 February, and the second legs were played on 22, 23 and 24 February 2011.
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Round of 16
The first legs were played on 10 March, and the second legs were played on 17 March 2011.
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Note 8: Order of legs reversed after original draw due to proximity between the cities of Porto and Braga.
Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 7 April, and the second legs were played on 14 April 2011.
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Note 9: Order of legs reversed after original draw due to proximity between the cities of Porto and Braga.
Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 28 April, and the second legs were played on 5 May 2011.
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Note 10: Order of legs reversed after original draw due to proximity between the cities of Porto and Braga.
Final
The final was played on 18 May 2011 at Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Due to UEFA rules against corporate sponsorship outside the federation, for the final the stadium was referred to as the "Dublin Arena".
Top goalscorers
The top scorers from the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League (excluding qualifying rounds and play-off round) are as follows:
Source: Top scorers (accessed 5 May 2011)
See also
2010–11 UEFA Champions League
2011 UEFA Super Cup
References
External links
2010–11 UEFA Europa League, UEFA.com
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George Balanchine
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George Balanchine (; born Georgiy Melitonovich Balanchivadze; ; January 22, 1904 (O. S. January 9) – April 30, 1983) was a Georgian American ballet choreographer, recognized as one of the most influential choreographers of the 20th-century. Styled as the father of American ballet, he co-founded the New York City Ballet and remained its artistic director for more than 35 years. His choreography is characterized by plotless ballets with minimal costume and décor, performed to classical and neoclassical music.
Born in St. Petersburg, Russia, Balanchine took the standards and technique from his time at the Imperial Ballet School and fused it with other schools of movement that he had adopted during his tenure on Broadway and in Hollywood, creating his signature "neoclassical style".
He was a choreographer known for his musicality; he expressed music with dance and worked extensively with leading composers of his time like Igor Stravinsky. Balanchine was invited to America in 1933 by a young arts patron named Lincoln Kirstein, and together they founded the School of American Ballet in 1934 as well as the New York City Ballet in 1948.
Early life
Balanchine was born Georgiy Melitonovich Balanchivadze in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, son of Georgian opera singer and composer Meliton Balanchivadze, one of the founders of the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre and later the culture minister of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia, which became independent in 1918 but was later subsumed into the Soviet Union.
The rest of the Georgian side of Balanchine's family consisted largely of artists and soldiers. Little is known of Balanchine's Russian, maternal side. His mother, Meliton's second wife, Maria Nikolayevna Vasilyeva, is said to be the daughter of Nikolai von Almedingen, a German, who later left Russia and abandoned his family, causing Maria to take her mother's name. She was fond of ballet and viewed it as a form of social advancement from the lower reaches of Saint Petersburg society. She was eleven years younger than Meliton and rumored to have been his former housekeeper, although "she had at least some culture in her background" as she could play piano well. The Balanchine mother also worked at a bank. Although she loved ballet, she wished for her son to join the military. This was a difficult topic to enforce in the family because not only was the mother artistic, George's father was also very talented at playing the piano. Many believe that because his father was very invested in the arts, Balanchine's career of being a businessman failed. Balanchine had three other siblings. One of them being Andrei Balanchivadze, who became a well-known Georgian composer like his father.
Career
Early auditions and training
As a child, Balanchine was not particularly interested in ballet, but his mother insisted that he audition with his sister Tamara, who shared her mother's interest in the art. Balanchine's brother Andria Balanchivadze instead followed his father's love for music and became a composer in Soviet Georgia. Tamara's career, however, would be cut short by her death in unknown circumstances as she was trying to escape on a train from besieged Leningrad to Georgia.
Based on his audition, during 1913 (at age nine), Balanchine relocated from rural Finland to Saint Petersburg and was accepted into the Imperial Ballet School, principal school of the Imperial Ballet, where he was a student of Pavel Gerdt and Samuil Andrianov (Gerdt's son-in-law).
Balanchine spent the World War I years at the Mariinsky Theater until it closed down in 1917 due to a government decree. Attending ballet here could have been viewed as a convenience to the Balanchivadze family because this is where his father composed music. This theater was transferred to the People's Enlightenment Commissariat and became property of the state. The Theater reopened in 1918, then two years later the theater was called the State Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet. He mounted some new and experimental ballets for the Mikhailovsky Theatre in Petrograd. Among them were Le Boeuf sur le toit (1920) by Jean Cocteau and Darius Milhaud, and a scene for Caesar and Cleopatra by George Bernard Shaw.
After graduating in 1921, Balanchine enrolled in the Petrograd Conservatory while working in the corps de ballet at the State Academic Theater for Opera and Ballet (formerly the State Theater of Opera and Ballet and known as the Mariinsky Ballet). His studies at the conservatory included advanced piano, music theory, counterpoint, harmony, and composition. Balanchine graduated from the conservatory in 1923, and danced as a member of the corps until 1924. While still in his teens, Balanchine choreographed his first work, a pas de deux named La Nuit (1920, music by Anton Rubinstein), a piece which the school of directors did not approve of or like. George Balanchine went about his choreography in an experimental way during the evening time. He and his colleagues eventually performed this piece at the State School of Ballet. This was followed by another duet, Enigma, with the dancers in bare feet rather than ballet shoes. While teaching at the Mariinsky Ballet, he met Tamara Geva, his future wife. In 1923, with Geva and fellow dancers, Balanchine formed a small ensemble, the Young Ballet.
Ballets Russes
In 1924, the Young Ballet managed to obtain a permission to leave Russia and tour around Europe. Balanchine with his wife, Tamara Geva, and several other dancers (Alexandra Danilova, Nicholas Efimov) went to Germany, but all performances in Berlin were met coldly. The Young Ballet had to perform in small cities of the Rhine Province such as Wiesbaden, Bad Ems, and Moselle. Geva wrote later, that in that time they had to dance 'in small dark places, in summer theaters and private ballrooms, in beer gardens and before mental patients'. They could barely afford paying for hotels and often had only tea for meal. In London, they had two weeks of very unsuccessful performances, when the audience met them with dead silence. With expiring visas, they were not welcome in any other European country. They moved to Paris, where there was a large Russian community. At this time, the impresario Sergei Diaghilev invited Balanchine to join the Ballets Russes as a choreographer.
Balanchine was 21 at the time and became the main choreographer for the most famous ballet company. Sergei Diaghilev insisted that Balanchine change his name from Balanchivadze to Balanchine. Diaghilev soon promoted Balanchine to ballet master of the company and encouraged his choreography. Between 1924 and Diaghilev's death in 1929, Balanchine created ten ballets, as well as lesser works. During these years, he worked with composers such as Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, Erik Satie, and Maurice Ravel, and artists who designed sets and costumes, such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Rouault, and Henri Matisse, creating new works that combined all the arts.
Among his new works, during 1928 in Paris, Balanchine premiered Apollon musagète (Apollo and the muses) in a collaboration with Stravinsky; it was one of his most innovative ballets, combining classical ballet and classical Greek myth and images with jazz movement. He described it as "the turning point in my life". Apollo is regarded as the original neoclassical ballet. Apollo brought the male dancer to the forefront, giving him two solos within the ballet. Apollo is known for its minimalism, using simple costumes and sets. This allowed the audience not to be distracted from the movement. Balanchine considered music to be the primary influence on choreography, as opposed to the narrative.
Suffering a serious knee injury, Balanchine had to limit his dancing, effectively ending his performance career.
After Diaghilev's death, the Ballets Russes went bankrupt. To earn money, Balanchine began to stage dances for Charles B. Cochran's revues and Sir Oswald Stoll's variety shows in London. He was retained by the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen as a guest ballet master. Among his new works for the company were Danses Concertantes, a pure dance piece to music by Stravinsky, and Night Shadow, revived under the title La Sonnambula.
In 1931, with the help of financier Serge Denham, René Blum and Colonel Wassily de Basil formed the Ballets Russes de Monte-Carlo, a successor to Ballets Russes. The new company hired Leonide Massine and Balanchine as choreographers. Featured dancers included David Lichine and Tatiana Riabouchinska. In 1933, without consulting Blum, Col. de Basil dropped Balanchine after one year – ostensibly because he thought that audiences preferred the works choreographed by Massine. Librettist Boris Kochno was also let go, while dancer Tamara Toumanova (a strong admirer of Balanchine) left the company when Balanchine was fired.
Balanchine and Kochno immediately founded Les Ballets 1933, with Kochno, Diaghilev's former secretary and companion, serving as artistic advisor. The company was financed by Edward James, a British poet and ballet patron. The company lasted only a couple of months during 1933, performing only in Paris and London, when the Great Depression made arts more difficult to fund. Balanchine created several new works, including collaborations with composers Kurt Weill, Darius Milhaud, Henri Sauguet and designer Pavel Tchelitchew.
United States
Balanchine insisted that his first project in the United States would be to establish a ballet school because he wanted to develop dancers who had strong technique along with his particular style. Compared to his classical training, he thought they could not dance well. With the assistance of Lincoln Kirstein and Edward M.M. Warburg, the School of American Ballet opened to students on January 2, 1934, less than three months after Balanchine arrived in the U.S. Later that year, Balanchine had his students perform in a recital, where they premiered his new work Serenade to music by Tchaikovsky at Woodlands, the Warburg summer estate. The school of American Ballet became and is now a home for dancers of New York City Ballet as well as companies from all over the world.
Between his ballet activities in the 1930s and 1940s, Balanchine choreographed Broadway musicals written by such notables as Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart and Vernon Duke. Among them, Balanchine choreographed Rodgers and Hart's On Your Toes in 1936, where his program billing specified "Choreography by George Balanchine" as opposed to the usual billing of "Dances staged by". This marked the first time in Broadway history that a dance-maker received choreography billing for a Broadway musical. On Your Toes featured two ballets: La Princesse Zenobia and Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, in which a tap dancer falls in love with a dance-hall girl. Balanchine's choreography in musicals was unique at the time because it furthered the plot of the story.
Relocation to West Coast
Balanchine relocated his company to Hollywood in 1938, where he rented a white two-story house with "Kolya", Nicholas Kopeikine, his "rehearsal pianist and lifelong colleague", on North Fairfax Avenue not far from Hollywood Boulevard. Balanchine created dances for five movies, all of which featured Vera Zorina, whom he met on the set of The Goldwyn Follies and who subsequently became his second wife. He reconvened the company as the American Ballet Caravan and toured with it throughout North and South America, but it folded after several years. From 1944 to 1946, during and after World War II, Balanchine served as resident choreographer for Blum & Massine's new iteration of Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo.
Return to New York
Soon Balanchine formed a new dance company, Ballet Society, again with the generous help of Lincoln Kirstein. He continued to work with contemporary composers such as Paul Hindemith, from whom he commissioned a score in 1940 for The Four Temperaments. First performed on November 20, 1946, this modernist work was one of his early abstract and spare ballets, angular and very different in movement. After several successful performances, the most notable featuring the ballet Orpheus created in collaboration with Stravinsky and sculptor and designer Isamu Noguchi, the City of New York offered the company residency at the New York City Center.
In 1954, Balanchine created his version of The Nutcracker, in which he played the mime role of Drosselmeyer. The company has since performed the ballet every year in New York City during the Christmas season. His other famous ballets created for New York companies include Firebird, Allegro Brilliante, Agon, The Seven Deadly Sins, and Episodes.
In 1967, Balanchine's ballet Jewels displayed specific characteristics of Balanchine's choreography. The corps de ballet dancers execute rapid footwork and precise movements. The choreography is difficult to execute and all dancers must do their jobs to hold the integrity of the piece. Balanchine's use of musicality can also be seen in this work. His other famous works with New York City Ballet are popular today and are performed in the Lincoln Center by New York City Ballet: Mozartiana, Apollo, Orpheus, and A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Death
In his last years, Balanchine suffered from angina pectoris and underwent heart bypass surgery.
After years of illness, Balanchine died on April 30, 1983, aged 79, in Manhattan from Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, which was diagnosed only after his death. He first showed symptoms during 1978 when he began losing his balance while dancing. As the disease progressed, his equilibrium, eyesight, and hearing deteriorated. By 1982, he was incapacitated. The night of his death, the company went on with its scheduled performance, which included Divertimento No. 15 and Symphony in C at Lincoln Center.
Clement Crisp, one of the many writers who eulogized Balanchine, assessed his contribution: "It is hard to think of the ballet world without the colossal presence of George Balanchine ..." In his lifetime he created 465 works. Balanchine extended the traditions of classical ballet. His choreography remains the same to the present day and the School of American Ballet still uses his teaching technique. As one of the 20th century's best-known choreographers, his style and vision of ballet is interesting to many generations of choreographers.
He had a Russian Orthodox funeral, and was interred at the Oakland Cemetery at Sag Harbor, Suffolk County, New York at the same cemetery where Alexandra Danilova was later interred.
Personal life
In 1923, Balanchine married Tamara Geva, a sixteen-year-old dancer. After later parting ways with Geva, he became romantically involved with the ballerina Alexandra Danilova, from approximately 1924 to 1931. As The New York Times described their relationship in its obituary for Danilova: "She and Balanchine left the Soviet Union in 1924... Until 1931, she and Balanchine lived together as husband and wife, although they were never married. Balanchine was still officially married to another dancer, Tamara Geva, and he told Miss Danilova that because his marriage papers had been left behind in Russia, he feared it might be difficult to arrange a legal separation." He married and divorced three more times, all to women who were his dancers: Vera Zorina (1938–1946), Maria Tallchief (1946–1952), and Tanaquil LeClercq (1952–1969). He had no children by any of his marriages and no known offspring from any of his extramarital liaisons.
Biographer and intellectual historian Clive James has argued that Balanchine, despite his creative genius and brilliance as a ballet choreographer, had his darker side. In his Cultural Amnesia: Necessary Memories from History and the Arts (2007), James writes that:
Legacy and honors
With his School of American Ballet, New York City Ballet, and 400 choreographed works, Balanchine transformed American dance and created neoclassical ballet, developing a unique style with his dancers highlighted by brilliant speed and attack.
A monument at the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre in Georgia was dedicated in Balanchine's memory. A crater on Mercury was named in his honor.
George Balanchine Way is a segment of West 63rd Street (located between Columbus Avenue and Broadway) in New York City that was renamed in his honor in June 1990.
Awards
1975 French Légion d'honneur
1978 Kennedy Center Honors
1980 Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
1983 Presidential Medal of Freedom
1987 National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame (posthumously)
1988 Induction into the American Theater Hall of Fame
Kisselgoff, Anna. "Balanchine 100: The Centennial Celebration"
Selected choreographed works
1928 Apollo
1929 The Prodigal Son
1935 Serenade
1936 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue
1936 Zenobia
1936 Ziegfeld Follies of 1936
1937 Jeu de cartes
1938 The Boys from Syracuse
1940 Cabin in the Sky
1941 Concerto Barocco
1941 Tschaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 2
1942 Circus Polka
1946 La Sonnambula
1946 The Four Temperaments
1947 Symphonie Concertante
1947 Symphony in C
1947 Theme and Variations
1948 Orpheus
1948 Where's Charley?
1949 Bourrée fantasque
1949 The Firebird
1951 La Valse
1951 Swan Lake (Act 2)
1951 Courtin' Time
1952 Bayou
1952 Scotch Symphony
1954 Ivesiana
1954 Western Symphony
1956 Allegro Brillante
1956 Divertimento No. 15
1957 Agon
1957 Square Dance
1958 Gounod Symphony
1958 Stars and Stripes
1959 Episodes
1960 Donizetti Variations
1960 Liebeslieder Walzer
1960 Monumentum pro Gesualdo
1960 Ragtime (I)
1960 Tschaikovsky Pas de Deux
1961 Raymonda Variations
1962 A Midsummer Night's Dream
1963 Bugaku
1964 Tarantella
1965 Don Quixote
1965 Harlequinade
1966 Brahms–Schoenberg Quartet
1966 Variations
1967 Divertimento Brillante
1967 Jewels
Emeralds
Rubies
Diamonds
1967 Ragtime (II)
1968 Metastaseis and Pithoprakta
1968 Requiem Canticles
1968 La Source
1968 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue
1970 Tschaikovsky Suite No. 3
1970 Who Cares?
1972 Duo Concertant
1972 Pulcinella
1972 Scherzo à la Russe
1972 Stravinsky Violin Concerto
1972 Symphony in Three Movements
1973 Cortège Hongrois
1975 Le tombeau de Couperin
1975 The Steadfast Tin Soldier
1976 Chaconne
1976 Union Jack
1977 Vienna Waltzes
1978 Ballo della Regina
1978 Kammermusik No. 2
1979 Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme
1980 Robert Schumann's Davidsbündlertänze
1980 Walpurgisnacht Ballet
1981 Garland Dance
1981 Mozartiana
1982 Élégie
1982 Noah and the Flood
Notable students
Over the decades Balanchine shared his artistic insights with several of his students including:
Francisco Moncion
Nicholas Magallanes
See also
Balanchine method
Contemporary ballet
List of dancers
List of Russian ballet dancers
List of Eastern Bloc defectors
:Category: Ballets by George Balanchine
:Category:Musicals choreographed by George Balanchine
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Biography on the website of the George Balanchine Foundation
George Balanchine Catalog, including premiere date, cast, collaborators, and synopsis for all choreographic works
Timeline of Balanchine's life on the website of the George Balanchine Trust
A discussion about the Balanchine Technique with Balanchine dancer Suzanne Farrell at a July 08, 2006 PillowTalk at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
Firebird performed by Maria Tallchief and Michael Maule, Jacob's Pillow, 1951
Suzanne Farrell on Balanchine: More than Technique Jacob's Pillow, 2006
Archival footage of Nora Kaye and Hugh Laing performing in Balanchine's The Gods Go a-Begging in 1951 at Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival.
George Balanchine: Master of the Dance American Masters, PBS, January 14, 2004
Guide to George Balanchine archive at Houghton Library, Harvard University
Articles
1904 births
1983 deaths
American people of Georgian (country) descent
American people of Russian descent
American choreographers
Ballet choreographers
Male ballet dancers from Georgia (country)
Ballet dancers from Georgia (country)
Ballet masters
Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo choreographers
Ballet teachers
George Balanchine
Ballets Russes choreographers
Choreographers of American Ballet Theatre
Choreographers of New York City Ballet
Deaths from Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)
Kennedy Center honorees
New York City Ballet
Dancers from Saint Petersburg
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Russian male ballet dancers
Russian choreographers
Soviet defectors
White Russian emigrants to France
White Russian emigrants to the United States
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Vaganova graduates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasium
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Gymnasium
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Gymnasium may refer to:
Gymnasium (ancient Greece), educational and sporting institution
Gymnasium (school), type of secondary school that prepares students for higher education
Gymnasium (Denmark)
Gymnasium (Germany)
Gym, an indoor place for physical exercise
Outdoor gym, an outdoor place for physical exercise
Gymnasium F.C., Douglas on the Isle of Man
"Gymnasium" (song), a 1984 song by Stephen Cummings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers%20%281977%20film%29
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Brothers (1977 film)
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Brothers is a 1977 American drama film directed by Arthur Barron and produced by Edward Lewis and Mildred Lewis. It stars Bernie Casey, Vonetta McGee, Ron O'Neal, John Lehne, Stu Gilliam, Renny Roker, Owen Pace, Dwan Smith and Martin St. Judge in the lead roles.
The film parallels the real life stories of Black radicals Angela Davis, George Jackson, and Jonathan Jackson.
This film's music is composed by Taj Mahal.
Plot summary
The film begins with the events surrounding the arrest and conviction of David Thomas on trumped up charges of armed robbery. He is sentenced to "one year to life" in prison. He is soon sent to Mendocino Prison, a facility described as "our number one concentration camp for Black" by David's brother, Josh.
In prison David is subjected to overt racism, violence, and mistreatment by guards and the administration. His cellmate, Walter Nance, provides David with a radical political education. Soon David starts organizing prisoners to fight back against the racist oppression. He starts a clandestine newsletter which is distributed and read by Black prisoners.
At the same time, Josh is working on supporting his brother in prison. Josh goes to visit Paula Jones, a revolutionary Black professor. As a result of Josh's entreaties Paula begins reading David's writings and the two begin correspondence. Paula begins to mobilize support for the brothers in Mendocino. She also begins to fall in love with David.
After a guard murders of one of the Black prisoners, the prisoners rebel. During the rebellion a guard is thrown to his death from the prison's third tier. Guards frame David and two other radical Black prisoners for the killing. During a court hearing, Josh pulls out a pistol and takes the prosecuting attorney and judge as hostages. He flees the courthouse and into a van. He is gunned down in the parking lot. In the gunfire the judge and prosecutor are also killed.
Paula, at the urging of her colleagues, decides to flee and go underground out of fear of prosecution for allegedly aiding and abetting the courthouse actions. She changes her appearance and location but is captured, likely because of a snitch.
Sometime later, at Mendocino Prison, guards engineer an agent provocateur to pretend to start an armed riot. The guards' plan seems to be to use this as an excuse to assassinate David. David realizes this and attempts to take the situation into his own hands. Tragically, he is gunned down in the prison yard.
The film ends, rather saccharinely, with all the Mendocino prisoners walking into the chow hall in racially solidarity and sitting together. The racist guards staring slack jawed and afraid.
The plot tracks closely to the real life events from the mid-1960 to early 1970 including the Marin County Civic Center rebellion, the founding of the Black Guerilla Family, the writings of George Jackson including Blood in My Eye and Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson, and the case of the Soledad Brothers.
Cast
Bernie Casey as David Thomas
Vonetta McGee as Paula Jones
Ron O'Neal as Walter Nance
John Lehne as McGee
Stu Gilliam as Robinson
Renny Roker as Lewis
Owen Pace as Joshua
Dwan Smith as Kendra
Martin St. Judge as Williams
Al Turner as Henry Taylor
Samantha Harper as Joan Kline
Carl M. Craig as Jack Browning
Sam Nudell as Attorney Sirrell
Jim Swoopes as Sen. Billings
Dick Yarmy as District Attorney Wayne
Charles Ricardo Brown as Horton
Susan Barrister as Tina
Alphonso Williams as Bill
Oliver Fletcher as Lacy
Sidney Galanty as Balaban
Joseph Havener as Warden
Cynthia Songé as Staff Girl
Mercedes Alberti as Female Guard
John Zaremba
Robert Cortes
Release
Brothers was released in theatres on August 3, 1977. The film was released on VHS on September 1, 1998 by Warner Home Video.
References
External links
1970s English-language films
1977 films
1977 drama films
American drama films
Warner Bros. films
1970s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Delta%20Factor%20%28film%29
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The Delta Factor (film)
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The Delta Factor is a 1970 American adventure film, co-produced and directed by Tay Garnett who co-wrote the screenplay with Raoul Walsh. It stars Christopher George and Yvette Mimieux. The film is based on the 1967 novel by Mickey Spillane.
Plot
A glamorous CIA agent, Kim Stacy, gets a new assignment. She is to work with a man named Morgan, a convict serving time for the theft of $40 million that was never recovered.
Morgan is given a chance to earn a reduced sentence by aiding in the rescue of a scientist who has been taken prisoner on a Caribbean isle. Morgan infiltrates the fortress by posing as a drug dealer. He discovers hundreds of political prisoners being held there. He also encounters Dekker, an old war comrade who stole the $40 million and framed Morgan for the crime.
Dekker is about to flee the island with Kim held at gunpoint. Morgan shoots him and boards the plane, which he and Kim fly to safety. But with her consent, grateful for Morgan's having saved her life, Kim permits him to bail out by parachute so that he can go find the $40 million.
Cast
Christopher George as Morgan
Yvette Mimieux as Kim Stacy
Diane McBain as Lisa
Ralph Taeger as Keefer
Yvonne De Carlo as Valerie
References
External links
1970 films
Films directed by Tay Garnett
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Mickey Spillane
1970s English-language films
1970s adventure films
American adventure films
1970s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounts%20Creek%20%28Youghiogheny%20River%20tributary%29
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Mounts Creek (Youghiogheny River tributary)
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Mounts Creek is a long 3rd order tributary to the Youghiogheny River in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
Mount's Creek
Course
Mounts Creek rises about 2 miles northwest of Clinton, Pennsylvania, and then flows north, west, and south in a hook to join the Youghiogheny River just downstream of Connellsville.
Watershed
Mounts Creek drains of area, receives about 40.8 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 365.50, and is about 61% forested.
References
Tributaries of the Ohio River
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny Plateau
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvin%20Hall
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Irvin Hall
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Irvin Hall was the first permanent building at Highland University in Highland, Kansas. It is the oldest building in Kansas still used for higher education.
Planning
The Highland Town Company offered to give the university forty-eight additional lots and a sum of $1,200 if the board of trustees would construct a building within a three-year time span at a cost of greater than or equal value of $6,000. Samuel Irvin's plan was for the university to sell the lots at $100 per lot to get $4,800 in addition to the $1,200 provided by the company to cover the cost of the building. The building committee designed an enormous structure of four stories in the center and three stories on the wings of the building. The planned structure was to be 180 feet by 40 feet. The Bricks of the building were sourced from the old gates farm just north of highland and lumber was sourced from St. Joseph, Missouri and Doniphan, Kansas.
Groundbreaking
The Corner Stone for Irvin Hall was laid on May 11, 1858, accompanied by speeches by local leaders. One of Highland University's founders Samuel Irvin said at the laying of the cornerstone that only a few years had passed that "savage Indians" had roamed the area. he also added in his speech "now with the laying of the cornerstone civilization and education have taken the place of savagery and debauchery... he saw no reason why a Harvard or Yale College should not be built here..."
The first floor of what was supposed to be the east wing of building was completed as a one-story classroom building in 1858 in time for the school year that fall. The second floor was not finished until 1860. The rest of building was never completed as a due to lack of funds. The total cost ended up being almost double the original plan at $10,000. The Overspending on the hall put the college in debt and while it was the first financial burden on the college it certainly wouldn't be the last.
The University Building
The two-story red brick building is described as an excellent example of the Plains Vernacular style. The facade uses flat stone lintels over the windows and doors, with pilasters and a brickwork pattern on two side. The other elevations are plain in character. A flat-topped wood frame bell tower is situated on the east end.
On the ground floor the university building had two 20x40 foot classrooms, two recitation rooms, apparatus room, library and an entrance hall. On the second floor that was completed in 1860 was a 40x40 foot chapel that was used by the Highland Presbyterian Church for worship until 1888.
Iterations post 1900
Irvin Hall was rented to highland high school in 1913 for 1,750 dollars a year due to size constraints imposed by the expansion of the high school curriculum from 2 to 4 years. This agreement was ended in 1923 when the new high school was finished.
The university building was officially renamed Irvin Hall in 1925 named for Rev. Samuel M. Irvin, a missionary at the Iowa and Sac & Fox Mission State Historic Site and a founder of Highland Community College (Kansas). Irvin Hall was also renovated again in 1925 changing the floorplan to have a dining hall on the second floor, and a chem lab and a science classroom on the first.
1944-1954 Irvin was primarily used as a storage structure and the roof was allowed to degrade. The roof was replaced in 1954 and the building was electrified. The first floor was decorated to become a student union. during the renovation there wasn't enough paint to cover all the walls of the north room in the building resulting in each wall being painted a different color giving it the name of "the rainbow room".
in 1959 the library was moved from the administration building to Irvin's upper level.
After the construction of the new library building in 1966 students formed a human chain from Irvin Hall to the new library passing each book one by one down the chain. Irvin hall was again remodeled with the arts and crafts classes being moved to Irvin's ground floor and the music department being moved up to its second floor.
Around the mid 1970s Irvin was extensively renovated with the first floor of Irvin being converted into a G.E.D. and developmental reading program classroom. The second floor being remodeled and converted into offices for the coaching staff.
The present-day interior has been extensively altered since the building's completion in 1860.
Irvin Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1971.
References
External links
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
Buildings and structures completed in 1859
Buildings and structures in Doniphan County, Kansas
Historic American Buildings Survey in Kansas
National Register of Historic Places in Doniphan County, Kansas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Gabriel%20Valley%20Council
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San Gabriel Valley Council
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Located in Los Angeles County, California's San Gabriel Valley, the Boy Scouts of America's San Gabriel Valley Council (#40) was one of five councils serving Los Angeles County. It was headquartered in Pasadena.
Greater Los Angeles Area Council (GLAAC) is a new Boy Scouts of America Council made from the merger of the Los Angeles Area Council and the San Gabriel Valley Council. The vote to merge was held on March 21, 2015. The new name for the council, Greater Los Angeles Area Council, was announced on June 11, 2015. The new council centers is in Los Angeles. Due to the large size of the two original councils, the merger was a process which was completed over a time span, and finished in 2017.
GLAAC has three Scout shops in Los Angeles, San Pedro and Arcadia. GLAAC operates eight BSA camps in the greater Los Angeles area.
History
With the founding of the BSA in 1910, the first goal of the San Gabriel Valley Scout leaders was to organize as new troops. Paid professionals, many of whom were YMCA leaders, were recruited to spread the new Scouting program. They were sent out into the San Gabriel Valley towns to organize new troops and recruit leaders. By March 1919, there were nine active troops with 190 boys in the SGV. The Pasadena Council (also known as the Pasadena District Council) of the Boy Scouts of America was organized March 3, 1919, with jurisdiction over Pasadena, Altadena and Lamanda Park.
A charter was granted by the BSA National Headquarters dated April 1, 1919 to the Pasadena District Council. Tallman Trask was hired to be the first Scout Executive. He had been a District Executive for the Los Angeles Council. He had also served as Los Angeles' camp director. Prior to joining the BSA, Trask was an executive for the YMCA and had run several camps for them. By October 1, 1919, there were 15 active troops with 299 scouts.
The council's name was changed in 1929 to Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley Council to better reflect the geographic area served by the council. In 1951 the name was changed to San Gabriel Valley Council to shorten it and better identify the 29 cities and towns it served.
Organization
Former districts of the San Gabriel Valley Council:
Golden Eagle District
City of Industry, Hacienda Heights, La Puente, Rowland Heights, West Covina, Valinda, Diamond Bar, Pomona and Walnut
The cities of Diamond Bar, Pomona and Walnut were added to Golden Eagle District when Old Baldy Council was split at the Los Angeles–San Bernardino county line on May 1, 2006, and was merged into the San Gabriel Valley Council and California Inland Empire Council.
Lucky Baldwin District
Arcadia, Monrovia, Sierra Madre, Azusa, Bradbury, Duarte, Irwindale, and Temple City
Mission Amigos District
Alhambra, Monterey Park, El Monte, San Gabriel, South San Gabriel and Rosemead
The city of Rosemead was part of the former El Camino Real District until 2007.
Rose Bowl District
Altadena, La Cañada Flintridge, Pasadena and San Marino
Valle De Sol District
Covina, Glendora, Charter Oak, La Verne, San Dimas and Claremont
The cities of La Verne, San Dimas and Claremont were added to Valle De Sol District when Old Baldy Council was split at the Los Angeles–San Bernardino county line on May 1, 2006, and was merged into San Gabriel Valley Council and California Inland Empire Council.
A former district called Trails of the Valley District was moved into the Lucky Baldwin District and Mission Amigos District in 2010.
Azusa, Baldwin Park, Bradbury, Duarte, Irwindale, El Monte and South El Monte
Formerly known as San Gabriel River District
The cities of El Monte and South El Monte were part of the former El Camino Real District until 2007.
Camps
Holt Scout Ranch (now closed) was an SGVC camp located in the San Bernardino Mountains. It was named in honor of Herbert Brayton Holt on June 15, 1968. The camp was previously known as Camp Cedar Canyon, and opened in 1955. In 1975, it was sold to a private party. The camp was located off SR-38. The fire access road, which started at the hairpin curve on SR-38 connected to the camp entrance road. Just before the camp entrance (where the camp director's home was located), the fire access road forked to the left to make its way up the mountain. A picture of "Old Dobbs" is on many Holt Scout Ranch items.
Camp Eaton (now closed) was formerly called Camp Cumorah Crest. It had five conference rooms; a dining hall; winterized dormitories for 125; and facilities for pool, softball, and basketball. It was located in the San Gabriel Mountains, part of the Angeles National Forest, off Hwy 2, the Angeles Crest Highway, on Sulphur Spring Road near Mt. Wilson. It was more of a conference center than a camp. It was sold when the SGVC started operating the camp at Holcomb Valley in 2005. It was named Camp Eaton, for the support of the camp from the Eaton family operators of the Forest Lawn Memorial Parks in Southern California.
Camp Huntington (now closed), opened in 1920, was at the mouth of Rubio Canyon. Many scouts would take the Pacific Electric street cars (the Red Car) and then hike to camp. The camp was started by Henry Huntington. The camp was near entrance Rubio Pavilion of the Mount Lowe Railway, closed in 1938. By the early 1960s, the city's population had expanded and there were houses built right up to the camp's fence line. It was decided to close the camp, as it was now in the town of Altadena.
Camp San Antonio (now closed) was opened on Mount Baldy until 1970. Because of the closing of Catalina Island during World War II, there was a need for a summer camp close to the council, so this camp was opened. It was located just south of the current Manker Flats Campground at 6,300 feet. Camp San Antonio was closed in the 1970s.
Holcomb Valley Scout Ranch (now closed) was a BSA camp, at elevation, located north of Big Bear Lake in the old mining district of Belleville in the Holcomb Valley on the site of the old Hitchcock Ranch. The ranch is north of the town of Fawnskin. The camp offered a week-long Oak Badge-National Youth Leadership Training class, and offered a Boy Scout summer resident camp until 2012, when the program was ended. The camp was closed a few years later. One hike offered is to the Big Bear Discovery Center. Cougar Crest hike to Bertha Peak gives views of Big Bear Lake. Spring creek trail offers a more level long hike. South of the camp, not far away, is the Pacific Crest Trail. To the east and near the camp is the public USFS Holcomb Valley Camp Ground.
Holcomb Valley Scout Ranch was formerly part of Old Baldy Council. The Scout Ranch was turned over to the San Gabriel Valley Council in 2005. The Old Baldy Council took title to the property in 1965 from William Hitchcock. The Hitchcock Ranch is still part of the Holcomb Valley Scout Ranch. Guy Reide, Old Baldy's Scout Executive (1949–1966), in 1965 worked with William Hitchcock to have the ranch turned into a Scout camp. Loren Baldwin became the first camp ranger, and Holcomb Valley held its first Boy Scout summer resident camp in 1974. The camp is named after William F. Holcomb, who discovered gold there and staked a claim in May 1860 with his partner. Holcomb became known for his marksmanship. After 10 years of prospecting he still had no major success. As food sources were diminishing, some of the prospectors hired Holcomb to hunt for grizzly bear to provide food for the long winter months. While trailing a bear up Polique Canyon he found Holcomb Valley. Tracking the injured animal, he passed a quartz ledge shining with gold.
Bonanza and many other western films and TV shows were shot in Holcomb Valley. For a short time under Old Baldy Council the camp was called "Camp Lipscomb" after US Congressman Glenard P. Lipscomb.
Trask Scout Reservation
Trask Scout Reservation is in Monrovia, California in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. It is located above the sawpit dam off of Monrovia Canyon Park. Camp Trask offers Cub Scout programs, family camp programs and Boy Scout programs on a year-round basis. The camp has a full size fort used for many program activities, called Fort Rotary. The camp is in a riparian zone ecosystem. The canyon stream and the camp are shaded by deciduous trees, white alders and bigleaf maples, evergreen canyon and coast live oaks.
History
Originally known as Monrovia Scout Reservation, Camp Trask was purchased in 1966. The camp was dedicated as Tallman H. Trask Scout Reservation on May 13, 1972.
Camp Cherry Valley
Camp Cherry Valley is a summer camp on the leeward side of Catalina Island, California, which is owned and operated by the Greater Los Angeles Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America. It is located two coves north of Two Harbors at Cherry Cove. The camp, valley, and cove get their name from the Catalina cherry trees native to the island. It also offers non-scouting programs on a year-round basis.
Ta Tanka Lodge
The San Gabriel Valley Council's Order of the Arrow lodge was the Ta Tanka Lodge (#488). In 2016 the Ta Tanka Lodge merged with the Siwinis OA Lodge to form the new lodge: Tuku'ut. Its totem is the Saber-Toothed Cat. Ta Tanka Lodge started with 120 members who chose the Sioux word ta tanka meaning "bull buffalo" as its name and as their totem a white buffalo.
The Order of the Arrow (OA) is the national honor society of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The OA's Ta Tanka Lodge has three goals: recognize outstanding Scouts, promote BSA camping and provide cheerful service to the SGVC, including its districts, Packs and Troops.
Since 1933 the Ta Tanka Lodge has hosted a weekend campout on the weekend after Thanksgiving, called Desert Caravan, held in various campgrounds in the Mojave Desert. Caravan was later moved to Labor Day weekend camp at Camp Holcomb Valley. Caravan is open to troops and families of the SGVC with events like treasure hunt, team games, dutch oven cobbler cook-off, chili cook-off and a campfire program.
Ta Tanka Lodge has four local chapters:
Hunkpapa— Lucky Baldwin and Mission Amigos Districts
Kiowa — Golden Eagle District
Oglala Lakota — Rose Bowl District
Teton Dakota — Valle Del Sol District
See also
Scouting in California
Boy Scouts of America centennial
References
External links
SGVC Venturing Facebook page
Defunct local councils of the Boy Scouts of America
Organizations based in Los Angeles County, California
Western Region (Boy Scouts of America)
Youth organizations based in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%2089
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 89
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 89, adopted on November 17, 1950, after receiving complaints from Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization regarding the implementation of the Armistice Agreements designed to end the Arab-Israeli War the Council requested the Egypt-Israel Mixed Armistice Commission give urgent attention to a complaint of expulsion of thousands of Palestinian Arabs. The Council called upon both parties to give effect to any finding by the Commission, repatriating any such Arabs who the Commission believes to be entitled to return. The Council then authorized the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization to recommend to Israel, Egypt and such other Arab States appropriate steps he may consider necessary to control the movement of nomadic Arabs across international frontiers or armistice lines by mutual agreement.
The Council called upon the governments concern to take no action involving the transfer of persons across international frontiers or armistice lines without prior consultation through the Commissions. The Council then requested that the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization report to them at the end of ninety days, or before he deems it necessary on the compliance given to this resolution and upon the status of the operations of the various Commissions. The Council finally requested that he periodically submit to the Security Council reports of all the decisions made by the various Commissions and of the Special Committee provided for in article X, paragraph 4, of the Egyptian-Israel General Armistice Agreement.
The resolution passed with nine votes to none, with two abstentions from the Kingdom of Egypt and the Soviet Union.
See also
Arab–Israeli conflict
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1 to 100 (1946–1953)
References
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
External links
0089
0089
1950 in Egypt
1948 Arab–Israeli War
0089
0089
1950 in Israel
1950 in Jordan
November 1950 events
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Palestine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmenevsky
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Ilmenevsky
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Ilmenevsky () is a rural locality (a khutor) in Kumylzhenskoye Rural Settlement, Kumylzhensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 45 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.
Geography
Ilmenevsky is located in forest steppe, on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the bank of the Stary Khopyor River, 27 km northwest of Kumylzhenskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnoarmeysky is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kumylzhensky District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%A9%20Na%C5%A1tice
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Dolné Naštice
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Dolné Naštice () is a village and municipality in the Bánovce nad Bebravou District of the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1295.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of and covers an area of . It has a population of about 440 people.
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1750–1895 (parish B)
See also
List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
References
External links
Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223415/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Surnames of living people in Dolne Nastice
Villages and municipalities in Bánovce nad Bebravou District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%20%28drink%29
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V (drink)
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V is an energy drink brand produced by Frucor Suntory, a New Zealand-based beverage manufacturer. It was launched in Methven, New Zealand in August 1997 and in Australia in 1999. The product's success, a market share over 60% in New Zealand and 42% in Australia, makes it the most popular brand of energy drink in both countries. V is considered a local rival to Red Bull. Frucor says V energy drinks are not intended for children, and they are not recommended for pregnant women or people sensitive to caffeine.
Variants
V Energy (also referred to as "Green V") is the original flavour of V released in 1997.
Blue (also referred to as "Blue V") is a "mysterious" flavour introduced in October 2011 which V challenges the drinker to try and work out the flavour. V Sugar Free Blue and V Zero Sugar Blue (as of August 2023) are also currently available.
V Black was a flavour variant that was discontinued in 2013. V Black was re-released in 2018 for a limited time in New Zealand over a 6-week period. It was described as having a strong 'coffee' flavour.
V Pure is a flavour alternative released in 2016 coming from 6 Natural Ingredients; apple juice, sparkling water, lemon juice, Guarana seed extract, caffeine from green coffee beans and natural V flavour.
V added a second Sugar Free flavour in 2018, themed after summer and the tropics. This product replaced V Zero.
V Tortured Orchard Raspberry Lemonade was introduced in 2018. In 2020, this flavour was brought back as a permanent edition and rebranded to 'V Raspberry Lemonade'.
The V Energy Refresh line released in 2022, available in three flavours: Citrus Lemonade, Pineapple & Watermelon, and Green Apple Lemonade (Both Zero sugar).
V Tropical Tang released in May of 2023 and is described as "a sweet explosion of guava, pineapple and berries". Surprisingly, this new addition is currently only available in 500ml cans.
V Energy Shots
The energy shots (described as "Pocket Rockets") are claimed to be as effective as the larger cans but have an extremely bitter taste that, according to the V Pocket Rocket website, is to stop young children from drinking them.
V Iced Drinks
In 2018, V released 2 Iced Coffee and 2 Iced Chocolate drinks to the New Zealand and Australian Market.
Advertisement and promotions
The drink sponsored I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in the UK for its second series in 2003.
In April 2018, V together with donut store chain Donut King released in Australia a V flavoured donut. The donut was sold through Donut King stores nationwide and contained a gooey Guarana filling and covered in green sugar crystals.
V sponsored Back of the Y Masterpiece Television in the mid 2000s.
References
External links
Australia production of V
New Zealand production of V
Energy drinks
Products introduced in 1997
New Zealand drinks
New Zealand brands
Suntory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadd7
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Gadd7
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gadd7 (growth arrested DNA-damage inducible gene 7) is a non-coding RNA discovered in the ovaries of the chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). Homologs have been identified in the closely related Long-tailed Dwarf Hamster (C. longicaudatus). Although the gene for this RNA contains open reading frames, translation studies found no protein product hence gadd7 has been classified as non-coding RNA.
gadd7 was previously characterised as a hydrogen peroxide-inducible transcript but has more recently been linked with lipotoxicity - where the accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissue brings about cell death. gadd7 appears to be a key element in the lipotoxicty pathway, when it is knocked out the resulting mutant is much more resistant to oxidative stress.
The proposed mechanism for gadd7's role in lipotoxicity is:
The lipid palmitate builds to high concentration within a cell
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated
This stress induces the expression of gadd7
A feed-forward mechanism occurs
ER stress brings about death of the cell
References
Further reading
External links
Non-coding RNA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Etisalat%20Emirates%20Cup
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2008–09 Etisalat Emirates Cup
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The 2008–09 Etisalat Emirates Cup was the first staging of the Etisalat Emirates Cup , running between October 10, 2008 and April 3, 2009. The competition was won by Al Ain defeating Al Wahda in the final 1–0. 12 clubs were drawn into 3 groups of 4 teams. The winners and the best runner-up qualified for the semi-final stage.
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Semi-finals
Kickoff times are in UAE Time (UTC+4).
1st Legs
2nd Legs
Final
External links
goalzz.com - Etisalat Emirates Cup 2008
UAE League Cup seasons
Etisalat Emirates Cup
2008–09 domestic association football cups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauri%20%28disambiguation%29
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Pauri (disambiguation)
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Pauri is a town in Uttarakhand, India.
Pauri may also refer to:
Pauri (poetry), form of poetry in Punjabi
Pauri language, a Bhil language of India
Satu Pauri, Finnish athlete
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20Representation%20in%20Cyprus
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in Cyprus
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The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in Cyprus is an office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) opened in August 1974 upon the request of the Government of Cyprus and the Secretary-General of the United Nations. UNHCR Representation in Cyprus was designated as Coordinator of the United Nations Humanitarian Assistance for Cyprus. UNHCR was also responsible upon the request of the Cyprus Government to examine applications for refugee status.
Simultaneously, UNHCR assisted the Government in developing their national legislation and procedure for the examination of asylum claims. The law came into life in 2000 and in January 2002 the Cyprus Government started receiving and processing asylum applications.
The UNHCR Representation in Cyprus offices are located in the United Nations Protected Area (UNPA), where the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is based. Access to UNPA is restricted and tightly controlled by UNFIYP, through check points and other forms of surveillance.
History
1974–1997
UNHCR has been assisting in Cyprus since 1974. At the request of the Government of Cyprus (GoC) and the United Nations Secretary General (UN-SG), UNHCR operated programs for internally displaced persons (IDP) till 1998. This assistance included provision of housing and small industries as well as promotion of projects and bi-communal activities, in order to remedy the shortages created due to population displacements and to encourage co-operation between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots towards a unified approach as regards issues of common concern. This function lasted till 1997.
Since its establishment in 1974 and until June 1998, the UNHCR Representation in Cyprus office received a small number of applications for refugee status per year. In 1998, however, boats with persons claiming fear for their lives or serious violations of their human rights in their countries of origin started arriving in Cyprus asking for asylum.
1998–2002
Since 1998, UNHCR Cyprus has worked on its regular mandate (international refugees), as the designated authority charged with supervising the implementation of the 1951 Refugee Convention. The UN General Assembly (UN-GA) Resolution establishing UNHCR, as well as the 1951 Refugee Convention (that is binding on the Cyprus Republic), call for cooperation between the Governments and the UNHCR.
During that period, UNHCR Representation in Cyprus was heavily concentrated in supporting the efforts of the GoC to develop an asylum system and an asylum space in Cyprus. Since 1998 till 2002 UNHCR simultaneously undertook Refugee Status Determination (RSD), resettled the recognized refugees in other countries, assisted in the drafting of the national refugee legislation, assisted in the configuration of the required institutions for its implementation, and trained such institutions.
In 2002 the GoC started undertaking RSD on its own. The first Refugee Law enacted in Parliament in 2000 has been amended in 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2007 by transposing the EU directives aiming at harmonising the asylum space in the EU along common minimum standards. UNHCR has closely advised in the process of transposing each of these directives through direct guidance to the drafters (being the Asylum Service or the Attorney General office), as well as in the process of amending laws that should include sections on refugees.
Since 2002
UNHCR Cyprus undertakes RSD training each time new Eligibility Officers (EO) are recruited at the Asylum Service (thereafter AS) and Reviewing Authority (thereafter RA –an independent body). In addition, it trains cadets in the police academy twice a year as well as holding refreshment sessions for immigration police once a year. Advice on individual cases and on-the-job training are also part of the UNHCR training activities.
UNHCR contributed to the development of the European Refugee Fund (ERF -managed by the Ministry of Interior) annual and multi-annual strategy for Cyprus and participated in the selection committee for ERF project awards in 2005 and 2006. In 2006, it undertook the training of civil servants coming in contact with asylum seekers and refugees, and the training of teachers on asylum as a human right in the context of a project on European citizenship. UNHCR has closely advised the AS and the RA in particular towards sound policy and practice towards applicants from Iraq and Palestine in light of the particular current circumstances.
UNHCR assisted in the transposition of the EU directive on the minimum standards for the reception conditions (transposed in December 2005), the transposition of the EU qualifications directive (transposed in July 2006), and of the EU procedures directive. This process entailed the provision of a written commentary on the draft law, presenting views in the various sessions as called by the Parliament, providing written statements to the Parliament when these are necessary to complement the oral statements, conducting sessions with members of the committees as requested. Similar tasks have been performed in regards to other minor directives and amendments to national legislation related to asylum (such as the public allowance law and the legal aid law).
UNHCR also conducts surveys regarding the situation of persons of concern. In 2004, the office conducted several meetings with refugees residing in Cyprus and issued a report “The Situation of Refugees in Cyprus from a Refugee Perspective”. It also undertook a participatory assessment among refugees, persons granted subsidiary protection, and asylum seekers in November 2005. The participatory assessment was updated from June until September 2006 and focused specifically on female refugees and asylum seekers.
UNHCR Representation in Cyprus undertook the following surveys: in the first quarter of 2006 on the use of lawyers by asylum seekers, from September until December on the quality of public allowance among those a/s and refugees who succeed in receiving it, from February through June 2007 on the enjoyment of public allowance and other entitlements by Iraqi refugees and persons granted subsidiary protection and in 2008 on the training needs of refugees and persons granted subsidiary protection.
Activities
World Refugee Day
To mark WRD, the Representation organized a cultural evening which was opened by the First Lady of the Republic of Cyprus and addressed by the President of the Palestinian community in Cyprus who shared her refugee experience. Young refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Palestinians ex Iraq shared their experience through photos and music. Cypriot students displayed a short theatrical performance which addressed asylum, migration and xenophobia.
The event encouraged the interaction of refugees with the local community and vice versa. Such events tend to enhance the process of integration and the feeling of belonging in the new community. For the local community this was an opportunity to see a different picture of refugees, one which is usually not portrayed by the majority of the media.
On this year's World Refugee Day, a special session of the Youth Parliament on the theme “Children Refugees – Children Immigrants – The Cypriot Reality” took place at the House of Representatives. The young parliamentarians presented their findings on issues affecting the children of asylum seekers, recognized refugees and immigrants residing in Cyprus. The special session was the result of a collaboration between the UNHCR and the local NGO Pancyprian Council for Children's Welfare. Preparations for the session commenced beginning of 2010. All proposals were also passed to the attendees of the special session.
Assisting refugees in integration mentoring programs
In addition, the UNHCR Representation in Cyprus has developed a number of mentoring programmes and integration processes:
Coaching: In collaboration with several private companies, the Representation has initiated a voluntary coaching program that aims to familiarize refugees with Cypriot working culture through the improvement of their communication and presentation skills. A related story can be found on the blog: www.unhcr-Cyprus.blogspot.com
Language programs: In collaboration with the School of Modern Greek at the University of Cyprus, the Representation secures placements for recognized refugees to receive intensive language courses through generous fee waiving.
Information Centre: In an effort to facilitate the integration process of refugees, the Representation is also temporarily acting as an information centre, collecting and disseminating all possible information and announcements in relation to language, computer programs and other possibilities for vocational training in Nicosia and other areas.
Employment Opportunities: In an attempt to enhance awareness and understanding of the employment rights of refugees, the Representation has collaborated with the Cyprus Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Cyprus Employers and Industrialists Federation, both of which have published an article in their monthly publication with regards to refugee employment rights.
Plans
In the years to come, UNHCR Cyprus will continue its activities aimed at enhancing the protection space for asylum seekers and refugees. At the same time, it is equally important to continue sharing information, policies and know-how with governmental and non-governmental actors with a view to improve their capacity to respond to the needs of asylum seekers and refugees.
UNHCR Cyprus would like to see more lawyers providing high quality counselling to asylum applicants, either through free legal counselling (as an in-kind contribution) by registered lawyers or through further development of NGO capacity. It will also pursue more projects to enhance the understanding of the refugee problem among the Cypriot society. Misinformation in the country of asylum will only exacerbate the suffering of refugees, who have already experienced enough pain after having lost their homes and loved ones as a result of who they are or what they believe. UNHCR representation in Cyprus has in addition a mandate to mobilize resources, both for the country field operations as well as for the UNHCR's operations around the world.
Functions
Ensure adherence to international refugee law standards
UNHCR contributes technical and worldwide expertise to the Cypriot Government in the processing of individual examination of applications for asylum, with the aim to ensure that the decisions are in accordance with international human rights standards. For this same purpose, UNHCR partially funds NGOs to provide gender based assistance, as well as legal advice to carefully selected asylum applicants for their appeals and access to the rights granted in the national law.
Government advice
UNHCR advises governments by providing comments on related legislative drafts, such as on the transposition of EU directives for the harmonization of the European refugee system.
Training
UNHCR provides training to actors involved in the protection of refugees (police officers, officers who examine applications for refugee status, lawyers, civil servants responsible for the effective implementation of the related rights, etc.) and advocates for the improvement of the quality of the asylum system. UNHCR provides legal aid to well selected asylum applicants through a project undertaken by an NGO called Future Worlds Center.
Legal aid became available for asylum seekers and refugees in 2009, subsequent to an amendment of the Legal Aid Law. In particular, the Law now allows for the provision of legal aid in recourses to the Supreme Court against a negative decision by the Asylum Service (before the decision is challenged by the Reviewing Authority), or a negative decision by the Reviewing Authority. Legal aid will only be provided for recourses at a first instance at the Supreme Court, not for subsequent revisory appeals and there must be a possibility of a positive decision on the appeal, i.e. to prove that the applicant has a good case.
An asylum seeker interested in order to activate an entitlement to legal aid, he/she must submit an application to the District Court. The District Court shall grant the legal aid where two conditions are met:
(a) a report by the Welfare Office states that the financial situation of the applicant (or the guardian of a dependent applicant) is such, that he/she is not able to pay their own legal fees and (b) that the case is deemed to be of such a seriousness that it calls for legal aid in the best interests of justice.
Although provisions for legal aid have been introduced for asylum seekers, the access to legal aid is highly restricted due to the lengthy and legally complex procedure of submitting and assessing the application, which includes proving the applicant has a good case. This renders access to legal aid almost impossible without the assistance of a legal advisor.
Supervision
As in all countries, UNHCR Cyprus has a supervisory role under the 1951 Refugee Convention in ensuring that the rights of asylum seekers and refugees are duly respected. That means in practice, having access to the asylum procedures, to adequate housing, food, medical treatment and to integration as a long term solution to the refugee plight.
Awareness
UNHCR informs and sensitizes the public on the problem of refugees around the world, and in Cyprus, by disseminating information to the media, and reviewing media reports on asylum seekers and refugees to ensure accuracy of facts. Public awareness can only have a positive impact on the public understanding.
In order to sensitize the general public in Cyprus towards the refugee cause and to prevent xenophobic attitudes and promote tolerance, UNHCR organises public awareness activities (e.g. photo or other exhibitions, concerts, etc.) In reaching young people, UNHCR promotes school activities and disseminates educational material to educators in co-operation with governmental and non-governmental partners.
Refugee issues in Cyprus
Cyprus has been a destination for a consistently increasing number of regular and irregular immigrants. According to national sources, the estimated number of irregular migrants in Cyprus is 50,000. Cyprus enacted national refugee legislation in January 2000 and its asylum institutions started conducting Refugee Status Determination (RSD) in 2002. In 2007, 6,789 persons submitted asylum applications and in 2008, 3,922 persons applied for asylum. The number of the asylum-seekers pending to be examined at the end of 2009 was 5,275. Cyprus and Malta rank first among the industrialized countries in the per capita number of asylum applications.
In principle, asylum-seekers are not denied access to Cyprus. Most asylum-seekers, however, do not try to enter the country through official channels, in order to avoid the risk of not being admitted. While the Asylum Service (the first instance body that examines asylum applications and the coordinating body on asylum seekers’ issues) has made considerable progress in setting up the structures and the processes to ensure quality decisions, the reality remains that the number of Eligibility Officers (EOs) against the number of applicants is still objectively insufficient. This is clearly substantiated by the fact that at the end of 2008, there were 8,005 cases pending to be decided.
Other problems related to refugees issues in Cyprus are the following:
Asylum lawyers are virtually non-existent and provision of free legal counselling by NGOs is insufficient
The high number of asylum applicants has caused difficulties for the welfare services to provide for the minimum reception conditions as set out in the Reception Condition Regulations of 2005.
Labour offices are to refer asylum seekers to jobs but the number of referrals is very low.
Integration programs such as language and vocational training appear to be insufficiently disseminated among asylum seekers and refugees. Moreover, the practical difficulties faced by refugees are not sufficiently taken into account when it comes to the organization of such programs.
There are no alternatives to administrative detention.
There is only one reception center in the country with a capacity limited to 80 people.
Regarding the situation in the north part of Cyprus which the Government of Cyprus does not have de facto control, there are no socio-economic data available. Persons of certain nationalities are detained and deported as soon as possible, most of the time without being given an opportunity to distinguish irregular migrants from persons suffering persecution. The overwhelming majority of those individuals who succeed in entering into the north without being detected, cross the "Green Line" and apply to the Government of Cyprus. Applicants in the north are examined by UNHCR.
See also
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in India
United Nations
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
Cypriot refugees
Green Line (Cyprus)
Refugee
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
Republic of Cyprus
Cyprus dispute
References
UNHCR Official web site
UNHCR Official web site link to Cyprus
UNHCR Representation in Greece official web site
"UNHCR in Cyprus at a glance", UNHCR Representation in Cyprus.
"Activities of UNHCR in Cyprus under its mandate from 1998 - 2002", UNHCR Representation in Cyprus.
UNHCR Representation in Cyprus various documents.
External links
UNHCR Official web site
UNHCR Representation in Cyprus blog
UNHCR Official web site link to Cyprus
UNHCR Representation in Greece official web site
E-game taxidifygis official web site (translated in Greek)
English version (againstallodds) of E-game taxidifygis official web site
Internship opportunities in UNHCR Cyprus
Cyprus: The twisted reality behind the statistics
Cypriot refugees
United Nations operations in Cyprus
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1974 establishments in Cyprus
Diplomatic missions in Cyprus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Fareham%20Borough%20Council%20election
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1998 Fareham Borough Council election
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The 1998 Fareham Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Fareham Borough Council in Hampshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.
After the election, the composition of the council was
Liberal Democrat 16
Conservative 14
Labour 8
Others 4
Election result
Ward results
References
1998
1998 English local elections
1990s in Hampshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lih%20Kolam
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Lih Kolam
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Lih Kolam (, also Romanized as Līh Kolām; also known as Likolom) is a village in Owshiyan Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 216, in 58 families.
References
Populated places in Rudsar County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia%20K.%20Baum
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Julia K. Baum
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Julia Kathleen Baum (born 1976) is a Canadian marine biologist. In 2017, she was named to the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists. She was awarded a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation in 2017 and an EWR Steacie Fellowship in 2018.
Early life and education
Baum was born in 1976. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in biology from McGill University and enrolled at the University of British Columbia for her graduate degrees. Baum eventually transferred to Dalhousie University to work alongside Ransom A. Myers and complete her MSc and PhD. Baum wrote her thesis on the declining shark population and subsequently received the Governor General's Academic Medal. Upon graduating, Baum completed a two year David H. Smith Conservation Research post-doctoral fellowship at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, followed by a Schmidt Ocean Institute postdoctoral fellowship at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis.
Career
In 2009, Baum began studying the effects that fishing practices have on coral reefs in Kiritimati. As a professor at the University of Victoria, she was named among 126 recipients of the 2012 Sloan Fellowships from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The fellowship included a $50,000 grant, which she would use to explore the impact of fishing on the life of predatory species. Later that year, she was one of three co-organizers of the Ecology@UVic group to plan bi-weekly meetings for journal-group discussions and informal seminars on the topic of ecology. A few days later, Baum received A $72,000 grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation to create a marine ecology and conservation centre.
Following the 2015–2016 Marine heatwave that caused mass coral bleaching and mortality on reefs around the world, Baum began researching how to assist the different species of reef fishes in recovering. As a result of her efforts, Baum was elected a Member of the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists and Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation. She was also one of six university faculty members to be awarded the 2018 E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for "outstanding and highly promising faculty who are earning a strong international reputation for original research."
During the COVID-19 pandemic, she co-authored a study in Ecological Applications which identified 170,000 individual fishes of 245 different species of reef fishes at 16 reefs on Christmas Island, before, during, and after the heatwave. Later, Baum led the first study that found the reefs could recover from the bleaching when they were not simultaneously exposed to other types of human-caused stressors, such as water pollution. In July 2020, Baum released a study claiming that sharks were "functionally extinct" in nearly 20 per cent of the world's coral reefs.
References
External links
Living people
1976 births
McGill University alumni
Dalhousie University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Canadian marine biologists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20Hochheimer
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Dieter Hochheimer
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Dieter Hochheimer (born 24 September 1952 in Hattersheim am Main) is a former German football player and manager.
Playing career
Hochheimer played three games for the German U-16 in 1968, the year he moved to Kickers Offenbach. He also played a game in the under 19 youth national team in 1970. After four years at the Bieberer Berg, he was signed by Hamburger SV. However, in Hamburg, he was limited to just a handful of cup outings, having not made a league appearance in two seasons. In 1974, Hochheimer moved to 1. SC Göttingen 05 in the 2. Bundesliga-Nord where he made 73 appearances before transferring to Tennis Borussia Berlin. In West Berlin, he played 109 league games, including 17 in the Bundesliga. He played a further 93 games for VfL Osnabrück where he finished his playing career.
Coaching career
After retiring, Hochheimer became the coach of the Edmonton Eagles in the Canadian Professional Soccer League and was head coach of the California Kickers until 1991.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
People from Main-Taunus-Kreis
Footballers from Darmstadt (region)
German men's footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Kickers Offenbach players
Hamburger SV players
Tennis Borussia Berlin players
VfL Osnabrück players
German football managers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20the%20Eiffel%20Tower
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Under the Eiffel Tower
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Under the Eiffel Tower is a 2018 comedy film directed by Archie Borders and written by Borders, David Henry and Judith Godrèche. The film stars Matt Walsh, Judith Godrèche, Reid Scott, Michaela Watkins, David Wain, Dylan Gelula, Gary Cole, and Ary Abittan. The film premiered at the Berkshire International Film Festival on June 3, 2018. It was released on February 8, 2019, by The Orchard.
Plot
The film opens with Stuart being fired for his excessive bourbon drinking. His friend invites the depressed Stuart to join his family on a trip to Paris. Under the Eiffel Tower, 50-something Stuart proposes to 26 year-old Rosalind. She is shocked and declines, considering Stuart to be only a friend. Greatly embarrassed Stuart decides to return home.
At the airport, Stuart meets Liam and tells him the story of what happened and Liam persuades Stuart to come and travel with him by train across France. On the train Liam, a recently divorced Scotsman, and Stuart meet Louise, a French winemaker, as she sits in the train carriage with Stuart and Liam. The three depart the train and all have dinner together. Liam offers to pay for dinner but his card is declined. Stuart gives up his engagement ring to secure the bill. The two men spend the night on park benches. That day they join a tour group that happens to tour Louise's winery. The guys meet Gerard, whom Louise cares for. Stuart cooks dinner and the guys spend the night at the winery. Louise sleeps with the younger Liam, but the next day spends all her time with Stuart.
Stuart, a salesman, calls his boss and asks for his job back if he buys the French winery. He also asks his boss to mail a case of bourbon to Max to get his engagement ring released. The guys stay for Gerard's birthday party, for which Stuart cooks a lamb dinner. That night, Louise sleeps with Stuart. Everyone sees them as a perfect match. Stuart is crushed to learn Louise and Gerard are married. Liam is betrayed, and has a fistfight with Stuart. Louise also feels betrayed by Stuart's efforts to buy the vineyard. Gerard unexpectedly dies. Stuart flies home, and Louise closes the winery.
Stuart is miserable, and Louise will not return any calls. He gets on a plane and returns to France to see the woman he loves. The winery sale to Stuart's boss is completed, and he and Louise reconcile.
Cast
Matt Walsh as Stuart
Judith Godrèche as Louise
Reid Scott as Liam
Michaela Watkins as Tillie
David Wain as Frank
Dylan Gelula as Rosalind
Gary Cole as Gerard
Ary Abittan as Frederic
Reception
A review in The Hollywood Reporter said that Walsh "makes an unlikely but effective transition to leading man" and that the film "has a sweetness that's impossible to entirely resist". In a New York Times review the film was described as having a "dumb opening".
References
External links
2018 films
American comedy films
2018 comedy films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20Bank%20Building
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Lincoln Bank Building
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The Lincoln Bank Building is a building on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 2012.
Background
Lincoln National Bank was established in 1917 by Harry Pence, a local automobile magnate, and a number of other backers. They had planned to name it the "Second National Bank", but the Treasury Department refused that name since they were not actually the second bank organized. Pence adopted the name of Abraham Lincoln because, "it carries with it his well-known characteristics of strength, ability, fidelity, firmness, faithfulness, loyalty, conservatism, etc., attributes very desirable in a national bank."
Locations
The bank's location was chosen to provide service to the automobile trade and similar businesses along Hennepin Avenue at the time, along with the nearby warehouse district and the markets along Second Avenue North. The established financial district in Minneapolis was along Marquette Avenue, two blocks to the east, but Pence saw the value in providing a bank with its mission "to take care of the automobile business and, in general, to serve downtown Hennepin Avenue business interests."
The original home for the bank was at 809 Hennepin Avenue, but the bank's business grew so well that larger quarters were needed. Lincoln National Bank had also established an affiliate, Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. In 1919, Harry Pence announced plans to build a new bank building at 730 Hennepin Avenue, directly across 8th Street from his Pence Automobile Company Building. The new building was designed by Long, Lamoreaux and Long, the same architects as the earlier building, and was completed for a cost of about $1 million. The eight-story building opened on August 9, 1921, and housed both the Lincoln National Bank and the Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. The seven upper floors of the building were leased out for offices.
Branch offices
In 1921, Daniel Richard Crissinger was appointed as the Comptroller of the Currency and shifted the regulatory stance on national banks. Previous comptrollers did not allow national banks to establish branch offices, but the new comptroller decided that, "there was no restriction on the number of branch offices a bank could establish as long as they were within the city limits mentioned in its charter." As a result, the two largest banks, Northwestern National Bank (now Wells Fargo) and First National Bank (now U.S. Bank) started acquiring smaller banks and turning them into branch offices.
The Lincoln National Bank and Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank were acquired by Northwestern National Bank, in a move that promised customers business "as usual and with practically the same people, but with the added advantages of doing business with the Northwestern National Bank and its entire facilities, both as to domestic and foreign business."
Residential conversion
In 2013, the Lincoln Bank Building was approved for the residential development of its top seven floors.
References
Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Commercial buildings completed in 1921
National Register of Historic Places in Minneapolis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Eminent%20Monks%20of%20the%20Wanli%20Era
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Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli Era
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The Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli Era (traditional Chinese: 萬曆四高僧; pinyin: Wànlì Sì Gāosēng; Wade–Giles: Wan-li Ssu Kao-seng) refers to four prominent monks known of the Wanli Era (1573–1620). They were well-known for their ecumenism, arguing for the compatibility of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism, but emphasising the superiority of Buddhism over the latter two. They were:
Hanshan Deqing (憨山德清; 1546–1623)
Daguan Zhenke (達觀真可; 1543–1603)
Yunqi Zhuhong (雲棲株宏;1535–1615)
Ouyi Zhixu (蕅益智旭; 1599–1655)
According to Jiang Wu, the Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli era "set their minds on scholasticism and meditation without interest in expanding their influence on monastic institutions," and thus, their influence did not largely extend into the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). In contrast, the monastics of the transitional period between the Ming and Qing attempted to reintroduce the classical Chan techniques of "beating and shouting" and "unreasonable emphasis on the strictness of dharma transmission," which Wu suggests was a surface narrative underlying the facade of strong instutionalisation and lineage building by monks such as Miyun Yuanwu, Feiyin Tongrong, and Muchen Daomin.
References
Ming dynasty Buddhist monks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Wrba
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Georg Wrba
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Georg Wrba (3 January 1872 – 9 January 1939) was a German sculptor and graphic artist. He created some 3,000–4,000 works, including as a collaborator of the Zwinger workshop.
Life
Wrba was born in Munich in 1872, the son of a smith. His younger brother Max Wrba became an architect in Dresden.
Wrba began his training with Jakob Bradl the Elder and his son Jakob Bradl the Younger. From 1891 to 1896, he studied at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste München under Syrius Eberle.
After some time spent in Italy (with Egon Rheinberger), a trip made possible by a travel award from Prince Regent Luitpold, he settled in Munich as an independent sculptor in 1897 and became director of the city's school of sculpture.
In 1906 and 1907, he worked in Berlin, where he created sculptures for buildings for the architects Ludwig Hoffmann and Alfred Messel.
Wrba then moved to Dresden, where from 1907 to 1930 he taught at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. He brought the Dresden school of sculpture into contact with the reforming ideas of the Deutscher Werkbund and was a founding member of the Dresden Artists' Association, known as "Die Zunft" ("The Guild"). The basic aim of the "Werkbund", and also of "Die Zunft", was to achieve a collaboration between and integration of various forms of art, rejecting ornamentation for its own sake: painting and sculpture were to form integral parts of architecture.
In Dresden he made, among many other works, the Marie Gey Fountain near the Dresden Hauptbahnhof in the Südvorstadt, which was donated by a Dr. Heinze for his wife, a student at the Kunstakademie, who had died young. In 1910 Wrba agreed a contract for the restoration and completion of the missing parts of the Zwinger, for which he directed the work of 53 sculptors from 1911 to 1933, and himself created many groups of figures modelled from the life.
Wrba died on 9 January 1939 in Dresden, where a street is named after him. He is buried in the Munich Waldfriedhof.
Selected works
Georg Wrba's works principally comprise sculptures for buildings and fountains, and small-scale figures.
1899: Seal Fountain (Seehund-Brunnen) (bronze), Berlin, in the inner courtyard of the Rudolf Virchow Clinic
1899: sculptural decoration on the fountain of the Bismarck Tower (Bismarckturm) on the Starnberger See
c. 1900: figures and carvings in St. Maximilian's Church, Munich
1900: Diana auf der Hirschkuh ("Diana on a Doe"), Kunsthalle Bremen
1900: Europa auf dem Stier ("Europa on the Bull"), Kunsthalle Bremen
1902: Warriors' Fountain (Kriegerbrunnen) in Nördlingen
1902: façade decoration on the extension building of the Kunsthalle Bremen
1905: St. Mang Fountain in Kempten
1905: marble bust of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
1906: equestrian statue of Otto I von Wittelsbach, Wittelsbach Bridge, München
1906: Chicken Fountain (Hennebrunnen) in Aschersleben
1906–1908: putti for the Villa Wollner in Dresden
1906–1911: contributions to the decorative building sculptures on the Altes Stadthaus in Berlin, including "Allegories of the Civic Virtues" and the decor of the banqueting hall (Bärensaal – "Bears' Hall")
1907: allegorical bronze group on top of the Charlottenburg Gate by the Charlottenburg Bridge, Berlin (melted down)
1907: two marble portals with allegories in the entrance hall of the Kaufhaus des Westens in Berlin
1907: portraits of Georg Treu, Hans Erlwein, Otto Gussmann, Cornelius Gurlitt, Fritz Schumacher, Martin Dülfer
1908: altar figure of "The Good Shepherd" in the Church of the Reconciliation, Dresden
1909: Bismarck Fountain on the market place in Arnstadt
1910: group of "Bacchus on a Drunken Donkey" and two sitting bronze lions with shields on the east side, and the Hietzig Fountain on the west side, of the Neues Rathaus in Dresden
1910: figure of Aphrodite on the Marie Gey Fountain in the Friedrich-List-Platz in Dresden
1910: relief of "Siegfried's Entrance into Worms" on the Cornelianum in Worms
1910: bronze lions in front of the Neues Rathaus in Dresden
1911: Rathaus Fountain at the Neues Rathaus in Dresden
1912/1913: contributions to the Märchenbrunnen in the Volkspark Friedrichshain in Friedrichshain, Berlin
1911–1933: artistic director of the restoration works on the Zwinger, Dresden
1917: "Large Bathing Figures" (Große Badende) on a mussel shell (bronze) for a country house in Klein Flottbek owned by Max Emden; since 1928 on the Roman-style bathing pool of the palazzo of Max Emden on the Brissago Islands on Lake Maggiore, Switzerland
1911: bronze bust of Peter von Klemperer
1912: sculptural decorations on the Erker, the doorways and the fountain in the courtyard of the Rappolthaus in Hamburg
1918: Diana on a Doe, Stadtpark Hamburg
1918: Large Bathing Figures (Große Badende), Aschersleben
1918: portrait bust of Max Klinger
1921: statuette "Longing of Love" (Liebessehnsucht), Gera Art Gallery
1922: bronze bust of Carl Zeiß
1922: Europa Fountain on the Königsheimplatz in Dresden
1922: statuette "Naked Dancer" (Nackte Tänzerin), Bleichert Collection, Leipzig
1922: bronze bust of Gerhart Hauptmann
1922: "Small Sitting Figure arranging her Hair" (Kleine Sitzende, Haar ordnend)
1923: bronze bust of Alfred Tiedemann
1924: "The Kiss" (Der Kuss), in private ownership
1925–1930: monument to the fallen of World War I in the old graveyard in Wurzen, with Oswin Hempel and Arthur Lange (1875–1929)
1926: Mönckeberg Fountain in Hamburg (WV 273); construction of the fountain (to designs made in collaboration with the architect Fritz Schumacher) 1914–1920; completion of the side bronze figures 1926 (badly damaged in 1944; the lion was reconstructed by the Hamburg sculptor Philipp Harth in 1965)
1927: "Contemplating Figure" (Die Sinnende), in private ownership
1927: group of figures "Widow with two Children" (Witwe mit zwei Kindern) for the war memorial in Radebeul
1928: "Runner" (Läufer), in private ownership
1929: "Death the Cutter" (Der Schnitter Tod) for the crematorium in Forst
1929: market fountain in Rochlitz
1930/1934: gravestones for Bruno Steglich and the Wiede family in the graveyard of Trebsen
1932: large group of architectural sculpture inside the cathedral (Dom) in Wurzen
Further reading
Drago Bock: Es sucht seinesgleichen. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Ausgabe Wurzen, 10 May 2010
Günter Kloss: Georg Wrba (1872–1939). Ein Bildhauer zwischen Historismus und Moderne (= Studien zur internationalen Architektur- und Kunstgeschichte, Band 2.) Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 1998
Thomas Pöpper (ed.): Georg Wrba (1872–1939). Im Schatten der Moderne Plöttner Verlag, Leipzig 2009
Rolf Günther: Der Symbolismus in Sachsen 1870–1920.= Dresden, Sandstein, 2005
External links
article on Georg Wrba in Stadtwiki Dresden
www.cultuurarchief.nl: Ruud van Capelleveen – Georg Wrba (2006)
www.bildhauerei-in-berlin.de: Information on five works by Wrba in Berlin
Gunther Trentzsch: Brunnen in Dresden – eine Auswahl
Historical photographs of Max Emden's villa on the Brissago Islands, Lake Maggiore; sculpture of "Bathing Woman" (Die Badende) at the Bagno Romano
Notes and references
Academic staff of the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts
Artists from Munich
1872 births
1939 deaths
19th-century German sculptors
German male sculptors
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century German male artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20of%20Norway%2C%20Moscow
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Embassy of Norway, Moscow
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The Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Norway in the Russian Federation. It is located at 7 Povarskaya Street () in the Arbat district of Moscow.
See also
Norway–Russia relations
Diplomatic missions in Russia
References
External links
Embassy of Norway in Moscow
Norway–Russia relations
Norway
Moscow
Norway–Soviet Union relations
Arbat District
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Moscow
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