id
stringlengths 3
8
| url
stringlengths 31
186
| title
stringlengths 1
108
| text
stringlengths 6
252k
| num_tokens_gpt2_tokenizer
int64 2
61.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
26303646
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20list%20of%20Austrian%20classical%20composers
|
Chronological list of Austrian classical composers
|
The following is a chronological list of Austrian classical composers: that is, those who live in, work in, or are citizens of Austria.
Baroque
Johann Heinrich Schmelzer (1623–1680)
Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (1644–1704)
Georg Reutter (1656–1738)
Johann Joseph Fux (1660–1741)
Johann Joseph Vilsmayr (1663–1722)
Joseph Balthasar Hochreither (1669–1731)
Johann Georg Reinhardt (1676–1742)
Johann Baptist Peyer (c.1678–1733)
Gregor Joseph Werner (1693–1766)
Leopold Strach (1699–1755)
Carl Georg Reutter (1708–1772)
Classical era
Joseph Riepel (1709–1782)
Franz Xaver Richter (1709–1789)
Vigilius Blasius Faitelli (1710–1768)
Ignaz Jacob Holzbauer (1711–1783)
Josephus Johannes Baptizta Bon (1711–1788)
Georg Christoph Wagenseil (1715–1777)
Georg Matthias Monn (1717–1750)
Wenzel Raimund Birck (1718–1763)
Leopold Mozart (1719–1787)
Joseph Friebert (1724–1799)
Josef Starzer (1726–1787)
Karl Kohaut (1726–1784)
Franz Aspelmayr (1728–1786)
Franz Kreibich (1728–1797)
Franz Joseph Aumann (1728–1797)
Florian Leopold Gassmann (1729–1774)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
Christoph Sonnleithner (1734–1786)
Karl von Ordóñez (1734–1786)
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (1736–1809)
Johann Michael Haydn (1737–1806)
Leopold Hoffman (1738–1793)
Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739–1799)
Johann Baptist Wanhal (1739–1813)
(1740–1794)
Anton Zimmermann (1741–1781)
Marianne von Martinez (1744–1812)
Ignaz Umlauf (1746–1796)
Franz Paul Rigler (1747–1796)
(1748–1805)
Maximilian Johann Karl Stadler (1748–1833)
Johannes Matthias Sperger (1750–1812)
Ferdinand August Kauer (1751–1831)
Johann Baptist Schenk (1753–1836)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Franz Grill (1756–1793)
Anton Teyber (1756–1822)
Ignace Joseph Pleyel (1757–1831)
Franz Teyber (1758–1810)
Josepha Barbara Auernhammer (1758–1820)
Joseph Gelinek (1758–1825)
Maria Theresa von Paradis (1759–1824)
Jakob Haibel (1762–1826)
Franz Xaver Gerl (1764–1827)
Anton Eberl (1765–1807)
Joseph Leopold Eybler (1765–1846)
Franz Xaver Süssmayr (1766–1803)
Joseph Weigl (1766–1846)
Leonhard von Call (1767–1815)
Wenzel Müller (1767–1835)
Johann Baptist Henneberg (1768–1822)
Nikolaus von Krufft (1779–1818)
Romantic
Johann Georg Lickl (1769–1843)
Ignaz von Seyfried (1776–1841)
Franz Weiss (1778–1830)
Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1778–1837)
Johann Baptist Gänsbacher (1778–1844)
Sigismond von Neukomm (1778–1858)
Franz Clement (1780–1842)
Michael Umlauf (1781–1842)
Anton Diabelli (1781–1858)
Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg (1783–1839)
Tobias Haslinger (1787–1842)
Joseph Mayseder (1789–1863)
Ignaz Aßmayer (1790–1862)
Carl Czerny (1791–1857)
Franz Xaver Mozart (1791–1844)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Joseph Franz Karl Lanner (1801–1843)
Johann Strauss I (1804–1849)
Johann Baptist Krall (1803–1883)
Anton Emil Titl (1809–1882)
Anton Bruckner (1824–1896)
Johann Strauss II (1825–1899)
Josef Strauss (1827–1870)
Eduard Strauss (1835–1916)
August Lanner (1835–1855)
Johann Nepomuk Fuchs (1842–1899)
Carl Michael Ziehrer (1843–1922)
Robert Fuchs (1847–1927)
Elkan Bauer (1852–1942)
Johann Pehel (1852–1926)
Hans Rott (1858–1884)
Hugo Wolf (1860–1903)
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)
Johann Strauss III (1866–1939)
Modern/Contemporary
Oscar Straus (1870–1954)
Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871–1942)
Walter Rabl (1873–1940)
Franz Schmidt (1874–1939)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951)
Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962)
Franz Schreker (1878–1934)
Robert Stolz (1880–1975)
Joseph Marx (1882–1964)
Anton Webern (1883–1945)
Alban Berg (1885–1935)
Egon Joseph Wellesz (1885–1974)
Ernst Krenek (1900–1991)
Theodor Berger (1905–1992)
Erich Zeisl (1905–1959)
Friedrich Cerha (1926–2023)
Georg Friedrich Haas (born 1953)
Beat Furrer (born 1954)
Bernard Lang (born 1957)
Lukas Ligeti (born 1965)
Olga Neuwirth (born 1968)
Klaus Lang (born 1971)
Composers
Austrian
Composers
| 1,616
|
5928630
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Antilles%20Express
|
Dutch Antilles Express
|
Dutch Antilles Express B.V. was an airline of the Dutch country of Curaçao. It operated high-frequency scheduled services in the Dutch Caribbean to United States, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Haiti, and Suriname. Its main base was at Curaçao International Airport.
Due to an escalating debt from poor market conditions, the government of Curaçao stepped in on May 31, 2011, to keep the airline in the air. The airline has been purchased from Arnold Leonora by the Curaçao government for a cash injection sum of two injections of 1.5m Guilders (approx US$838,000 each). The company slogan was Your Caribbean Wings.
In August 2013, the company's management and employees approached the Curacao government through various departments for a new loan of 5m Guilders (approx. US$2.8 million) to, among other items, pay employee salaries outstanding from July 2013. The appeal for the loan was denied by the Curacao Parliament on August 16, 2013. The Court of First Instance of Curaçao declared DAE bankrupt on August 30, 2013.
History
Original operations
The airline started operations with three ATR 42s in 2003 as BonairExel (part of the ExelAviation Group) and soon expanded to encompass most of the Dutch Antilles and Aruba. Although an Embraer ERJ 145 was used on the Bonaire-Aruba flights, the aircraft was soon disposed of again, returning to Air Exel. Although it flew its aircraft in the Exel color scheme; operated with Air Exel aircraft; and flew with Air Exel cabin staff; the airline was wholly owned by a Dutch millionaire residing on Bonaire, and operated simply as a franchise carrier. As the local market was rather small, a subsidiary was formed on Curaçao, named CuraçaoExel. Dutch Caribbean Airlines (DCA) declared bankruptcy not long after. ExelAviation noticed that the Caribbean airlines were very profitable, and set up its own ArubaExel, causing distress amongst the other franchise carriers.
With ExelAviation expanding too rapidly in Europe and the Caribbean, a lawsuit against Nick Sandman (owner of the BonairExel and CuraçaoExel) demanded back the invested amount, and confiscated back its ATR 42.This link dissolved both ExelAviation Group and the Caribbean franchised airlines. With minimal funds, the airline made an attempt to distance itself from its partner, changing their names to Bonair Express and Curaçao Express. This move permanently broke up the alliance, causing no more profits to go to the ailing ExelAviation Group.
Previously the airline's head office was in the Plasa Medardo SV Thielman in Kralendijk, Bonaire. In April 2007 the airline moved its head office from Bonaire to Curaçao, where the airline's flight operations have been based. The airline's call centre and its revenue accounting and handling departments remained in Bonaire.
After numerous lawsuits, Bonair Express and Curaçao Express merged to form Dutch Antilles Express, which started operations on April 30, 2005 with flights between the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. On December 9, 2005, its first international services to Valencia, Venezuela, were launched.
Bankruptcy and cessation of flights
In March 2013, the National Institute of Civil Aviation (INAC) suspended the landing rights of DAE to Maracaibo based on failure to provide adequate service and accommodation to passengers. During this period, DAE had several aircraft that were undergoing required heavy maintenance, resulting in unavailability to perform some scheduled routes. While it is stated in the documents released by INAC that the suspension was temporary until scheduling issues could be resolved, DAE never restarted operations to Maracaibo.
In May 2013, INAC released an order suspending DAE's operating rights within the whole of Venezuela, claiming safety and security violations. These findings were publicly disputed by DAE in the media, particularly by Nelson Ramiz, who was a consultant to DAE, as well as the owner and CEO of Falcon Air Express, which provided wet-leased aircraft to Dutch Antilles Express.
In June 2013, the first ground stop due to non-payment of services occurred in Suriname. This was resolved through the court system by implementing a cash basis payment agreement and services resumed within days. The employees approached former Curaçao Prime Minister Gerrit Schotte to negotiate the lifting of the suspension by the Venezuela government and allow DAE to once again operate to Venezuelan cities. Shortly after, the Venezuelan government issued a revocation of all operating permits for DAE aircraft in Venezuela as of June 16, 2013.
In July 2013, management of Dutch Antilles Express approached the Curaçao Airport Holdings group regarding a capital loan of 5m Guilders. It became public that DAE's main competitor, Insel Air, had sent correspondence through the government proposing to purchase the government shares of DAE and take over the operations of the company, which was not pursued by the government. At this point, it also became public that DAE had received permission from the Curaçao government to develop nine new destinations as compensation for the loss of the Venezuelan markets. Curacao Airport Holdings declined to provide assistance; however, the Curaçao Parliament took up the question of providing additional public funds to the airline in August, when it became public that employee salaries had not yet been paid for July.
During the first week of August, the St. Maartin airport issued a "ground hold" for all DAE aircraft landing at the airport. Since St. Maarten and Curaçao share a common Civil Aviation department, and since DAE held a valid air operator's certificate issued by Civil Aviation, St. Maarten could not legally prevent any DAE aircraft from landing; however, it could hold that aircraft on the ground as collateral against the arrears. The airport and the airline agreed to enter negotiations and the airport allowed DAE aircraft to depart for several days as "relief" flights. By August 6, 2013, DAE had stopped operating to St. Maarten and was unable to come to an agreement with the airport, it would not service since.
On August 12, 2013, it was reported that one of Dutch Antilles Express's largest creditors, Girobank, had placed liens against their accounts, effectively stopping any cash flow from the business accounts. The following day, DAE employees assembled at the government offices in Curaçao to appeal for the council to reconsider its decision regarding the company.
By August 16, the airline was experiencing significant cash flow issues and had to cancel and consolidate flights to minimize fuel expenses. The Curacao Parliament discussed the ramifications of Dutch Antilles Express falling into bankruptcy and the economic impact that such an event would have on Curaçao. The reviewed finances of the company were reviewed in a closed session and the Parliament decided to decline further assistance to the airline by a vote of 9-9, with 3 absences (simple majority required to pass). The next day, DAE was prevented from using the check-in services of Curaçao Airport for a short time and admitted that services to Bonaire had been canceled as of the week before due to non-payment of navigation charges.
On August 24 at 00:01, the Curaçao Airport placed a departure restriction on all Dutch Antilles Express flights. As all of their flights either originated or arrived at Curaçao, this effectively stopped all operations. Over the next days, all DAE aircraft were returned to their lessors and all flights throughout the network were canceled. Shortly thereafter, IATA withdrew the airline from the Billing and Settlement Plan (BSP), preventing travel agents from selling or refunding tickets of the airline.
Two groups of employees petitioned the Curaçao Court of First Instance to declare the airline bankrupt. At a closed hearing on August 30, 2013, a judge issued a preliminary ruling that the company was indeed bankrupt and could not continue. On September 11, the company appealed the ruling of the bankruptcy judgement.
On September 19, shortly before the scheduled hearing regarding the bankruptcy judgement, DAE withdrew its objection to the ruling, which reaffirmed the bankruptcy of the company. The Curaçao Civil Aviation suspended their air operator's certificate for a period of 60 days until final judgement and disposition of the company can be determined by the court. This action likely marked to end of Dutch Antilles Express.
Livery
There were several differences in the liveries of Dutch Antilles Express aircraft.
One Fokker 100 was using the newer livery. The other two had the old DAE livery. It is all white and on the tail section it has the DAE logo. The fuselage had the DAE website on it. The planes were planned to be updated with the new livery at the next C-Check.
The McDonnell Douglas MD-83 operated by Falcon Air Express had a newer livery, the fuselage had blue and yellow stripes which represents the waters of the Caribbean from which Curacao forms a part of and the sun, typical of standard Caribbean weather. The engines have Curacao's official logo on it and the aircraft's tail features the O representing the sun from Curaçao's logo.
Destinations
Dutch Antilles Express served the following destinations, as of July 2013:
Fleet
The Dutch Antilles Express fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of April 2013:
There were plans to eventually replace their Fokker 100s with newer Airbus A319s and Airbus A320s.
Historical fleet
Past aircraft of The Dutch Antilles Express consisted of the following:
See also
List of defunct airlines of the Netherlands Antilles
References
External links
Defunct airlines of Curaçao
Airlines established in 2005
Airlines disestablished in 2013
Defunct airlines of the Netherlands Antilles
2005 establishments in the Netherlands Antilles
Dutch companies disestablished in 2013
| 2,124
|
17782733
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espada%20Cemetery
|
Espada Cemetery
|
The Espada Cemetery was located in the Barrio of San Lazaro approximately a mile west of the city walls, near the cove of Juan Guillen and close to the San Lázaro Leper Hospital. In use from 1806 to 1878, the Espada Cemetery was the first public burial place designed and constructed in Havana; prior to the cemetery, the Havana custom had been to bury the dead in the vaults of the churches such as Iglesia del Espíritu Santo in Havava Vieja. It was named after the Bishop incumbent at the time of design, José Díaz de Espada y Landa. Its boundaries included the present streets of San Lázaro, Vapor, Espada, and Aramburu. Despite being officially called Campo Santo, the people of Havana referred to the cemetery as el Cementerio de Espada. The cemetery was closed in 1878 and demolished in 1908, only a small wall remains of the original structure.
Location
The site of Espada Cemetery was between present-day Calle Espada to the east and Calles Vapor and San Lazaro. The main cemetery entrance was on Calle San Lazaro, most of the funeral processions went down Calle San Lazaro. The Hospital de San Lazaro had its entrance pediment facing present day Calle Marina, the area was the edge of the city originally known as Barrio San Lazaro. The Torreón de San Lázaro built in 1655 is located at the intersections of Calles Vapor and Marina. The San Dionisio hospital, created by the initiative of Captain General Francisco Dionisio Vives and by Bishop Espada, was exclusively for mentally ill men and located between the hospital of San Lazaro and the General Cemetery. In the same area was also a room of the Real Casa de Beneficencia, intended exclusively for demented women, but this had its front to Calle Belascoaín. The quarry of San Lazaro where Jose Marti had been imprisoned in 1870, was to the east. In front of the Casa de Beneficencia was the Batería de la Reina which was named after the Count of Santa Clara, Juan Procopio Bassecourt, governor of Cuba, who built the battery between 1797 and 1799.
Design
The Espada cemetery was a garden type, a single wall 2.5 meters thick which contained the crypts. The design and construction were directed by an architect with the surname of Aulet. The cemetery had a central courtyard, the walls were approximately 6 meters tall (4 crypts) with an elaborate stone coping for protection from the elements. The paintings that adorned the building entrance pavilion were by the Venetian Giuseppe Perovani (1765-1835). The cemetery was officially inaugurated on February 2, 1806. Only a small section of the original wall remains.
History
.
The cemetery was built in response to population growth around the area, and the resulting scarcity of church land that could be used for burial. It was proposed and sanctioned by the government of Don Salvador de Muro y Salazar in 1804, and, after two years of design and construction, the cemetery was ready for use in 1806, and was inaugurated on February 2 of that year.
The cemetery was used as the primary burial ground for the city of Havana from 1806 until the late 1860s. In 1868, a cholera epidemic broke out in the area, resulting in a greatly increased rate of death. It soon became apparent that the Espada Cemetery, still the only major burial ground in the region, would not suffice to handle the number of deaths that were coming from the epidemic. To compound matters, the reformist El Siglo scorned the Espada Cemetery in an 1865 editorial as unworthy of "the most miserable village." One United States visitor, after returning from a sobering tour of Havana's Espada cemetery at that time, instructed his hotel's attendant that if he were to die on the island, he must be buried at sea. In order to supplement the struggling Espada Cemetery, another cemetery, the Colón Cemetery (), named for explorer Christopher Columbus, was inaugurated in 1871. In 1878, the Espada Cemetery was closed in favour of the larger Colón Cemetery and because of the lack of space still remaining within the Espada Cemetery grounds. The Colón Cemetery remains in active use today, and now harbours more than 800,000 corpses.
Notes
References
Cemeteries in Cuba
Buildings and structures in Havana
Former cemeteries
| 964
|
23466198
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympistis%20khem
|
Sympistis khem
|
Sympistis khem is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is found in the US state of Utah.
The wingspan is about 33 mm.
References
khem
Moths described in 2008
| 60
|
3353309
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khim
|
Khim
|
The khim ( ; ; ) is a stringed musical instrument derived from the Mesopotamian or Persian Santur. It is similar to the Hammered Dulcimer or Cimbalom. This khim was introduced to Thailand from China, where a similar (though, since the late 20th century, usually larger) instrument is called yangqin, and introduced to Laos and Cambodia from Thailand later. It is played with two flexible bamboo sticks with soft leather at the tips to produce a soft tone. This instrument can be played by either sitting down on the floor with the khim on the floor, or by sitting on a chair or standing while the khim is on a stand. The khim produces a bright and expressive sound when played. It is made of wood, with brass strings that are laid across the instrument. The Australian-born musician and vocal artist Lisa Gerrard specialises in the use of a khim hammered dulcimer, featuring its music on several albums and performing with the instrument live on tour.
History
The khim came to China from Persia during the Ming-Qing dynasty (1368-1911) and was popular in the northeast of the Kwang Tung territory. At the end of the Ayutthaya period, Thai people obtained the knowledge of how to build and play early versions of the khim from China. This instrument, along with its rise in popularity, came along with various other goods in trading arrangements with Chinese merchants. While the popularity of Chinese opera was rising, the instrument became popular due to its use within the opera group and this helped to further familiarise Thai people with the khim.
The khim was an especially popular instrument from around 1970-2004 because it was a central part in the Thai novel Khu Kam, which was later produced as a drama series and movie. The main character could play the khim very well, and the adaptations popularised the instrument with the song, "Nang Kruan".
Shape
Butterfly shape
This shape is the smallest size which contains two bridges with 7 notes (in khim, one note means 3 strings join together) and 42 strings. This shape is the original shape which was from China. From the past until these days, the popularity of this shape is still increasing
Irregular rectangle shape or trapezoid
This shape is the bigger size of khim with two bridges and 9, 11, or 15 notes. This trapezoid-shaped khim is very convenient to carry because it is a portable khim that is easy to carry.
Oval shape
This is the latest design with two bridges, 7 notes and 42 strings, which is also called a fancy khim. This shape is often painted with deep or bright color, and children who play the khim usually stick the cartoon sticker on the box. It is very attractive for children as it looks like a toy for them and the size of this shape is suitable for small children as well.
Construction
The bridge (Fret)
The bridge is a wooden device for the stringed musical instrument which support their strings and transfers the vibration from the strings to the other structural of the instrument. Khim has two bridges and there are many notes on the bridge bases on the different type of khim
Two bridges with 7 notes and 42 strings
Standard size that is popular among the primary students for beginning lessons.
Lowest note ล (La2 or A2) left side, bass bridge. Middle note ล (La3 or A3) right side, treble bridge. Highest note ล (La4 or A4) left side, treble bridge.
Two bridges with 9 notes and 54 strings
This is popular among khim musicians because it has more selection on sound.
Two bridges with 11 notes and 66 strings
The 66-string khim is a large instrument and very heavy. People who play this type of khim should be the musician who has a high degree of performance skill. It can be tuned to the level of international scale as it has many strings. This is made for professional musicians and only used for special occasions.
Soundbox
Using a various type of wood to build the soundbox. To construct the soundboard, softwood is the best selection to construct the soundboard. Softwood has a light texture which helps creating the sound.
Sound holes
Sound holes are the holes on the soundboard to enhance the bright sound and prevent the humidity in the soundbox which creates the swelling of the wood.
Tuning pins and Hitch pins
The hitch pins are on the left side of the sound-box and tuning pins are on the right side. There are 42 pins on each side. Tuning this instrument is very easy but time consuming. The player inserts a type of wrench on the pins that stick up from the sides, but only turns the pins on the right side. Turning the pins on the left side can cause the string to break. Then the player turns the wrench which tightens or loosens the string to the desired pitch.
Strings
The khim’s string is a brass 24 gauge string. It is being hitched on the hitch pins on the left side of the sound box. There are 14 groups of strings on the khim, and each group has 3 strings. Overall, the khim has a total of 42 strings
References
See also
Hammered dulcimer
Cimbalom
Santur
Hammered box zithers
Cambodian musical instruments
Thai musical instruments
Laotian musical instruments
| 1,189
|
32780354
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil%20corporation
|
Evil corporation
|
An evil corporation is a trope in popular culture that portrays a corporation as ignoring social responsibility, morality, ethics, and sometimes laws in order to make profit for its shareholders. In rare cases, the corporation may be well intentioned but extremist, engaging in noble cause corruption.
In fiction
The notion is "deeply embedded in the landscape of contemporary culture—populating films, novels, videogames, and more." The science fiction genre served as the initial background to portray corporations in this dystopian light.
Evil corporations can be seen to represent the danger of combining capitalism with larger hubris.
Real-world usage
Some real-world corporations have been accused of being evil. To guard against such accusations, Google once adopted the official motto "Don't be evil", although whether it was ever truly followed was a matter of debate - critics accused the company of "evil" acts such as secret data collection and violating customers' privacy. The motto was eventually stripped from its code of conduct. The New Yorker wrote that "many food activists consider Monsanto (which later merged with Bayer) to be the definitively evil corporation".
The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility wrote, "For many consumers, Wal-Mart serves as the evil corporation prototype, but record numbers shop at the stores for low prices."
In Japan, a committee of journalists and rights activists issues an annual "corporate raspberry award" known as Most Evil Corporation of the Year Award (also called the Black Company Award) to a company "with a culture of overwork, discrimination and harassment".
See also
Anti-capitalism
Anti-consumerism
Anti-corporate activism
Big Pharma conspiracy theory
Business ethics
Corporate crime
Corporate warfare
Criticism of capitalism
Criticisms of corporations
Cyberpunk
Ethically disputed business practices (category)
Karen Silkwood
List of corporate collapses and scandals
Megacorporation
Military–industrial complex
Multinational corporation
Organized crime
Prison–industrial complex
Psychopathy in the workplace
Shareholder primacy
State crime
State-corporate crime
The Corporation (2003 film)
References
Further reading
External links
Sample list of evil corporations in film at MTV
Sample list of evil corporations in science fiction at PC World
Sample list of evil corporations in science fiction books at Barnes & Noble
Science fiction themes
Cyberpunk themes
Anti-corporate activism
Tropes
Fiction about organizations
Dystopian fiction
Corruption
Corporate conduct
| 526
|
53777129
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranni
|
Ranni
|
Ranni may refer to:
Ranni, Kerala, a village and taluka in Kerala, India.
Ranni (State Assembly constituency)
Rodolfo Ranni (born 1937), Italian-Argentine actor
Ranni the Witch, a character in the video game Elden Ring
See also
Rani (disambiguation)
Rannís
| 80
|
72199574
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sad%20Romance
|
Sad Romance
|
Sad Romance is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer CKay. It was released by Warner Music Africa on 23 September 2022. The album features guest appearances from Ayra Starr, Davido, Focalistic, Abidoza, Mayra Andrade, and Ronisia, and was executive produced by CKay. Following the release of the album CKay embarked on the Sad Romance North America Tour (2022).
It was produced primarily by CKay, with production from P2J, Christer, Abayomi Ilerioluwa, BMH, Charlie Handsome, Hoskins, Ramoni, Abidoza, Sarz, and Blaisebeatz. The album received generally positive reviews from critics. Lyrically, Sad Romance communicates with elements associate with love, lust, commitment, pleasure, and pain. The album was supported with a bonus track titled "Love Nwantiti".
Background and promotion
On 3 November 2021, CKay spoke to Billboard writer Darlene Aderoju about his upcoming album. He stated that he wanted to collaborate with R&B artists like SZA, Summer Walker, and Chris Brown, as well as pop stars like Chris Martin and Billie Eilish, and said: "My album is going to be my best work because I’m going to put my whole soul and essence into it." He tweet on 22 May 2022, "My album will make history".
Speaking with Guardian Life magazine, CKay said, "My music is greatly inspired by how I'm feeling at the moment. If I've just broken up, that is what you're going to hear, the vibe of someone that's dealing with heartbreak; and if I'm in an emotional place, you’re going to hear it in the music." He released "You" and "Mmadu" as promotional singles ahead of the release of Sad Romance. On 24 August 2022, CKay announced tour dates for Sad Romance North America Tour to begin on 1 October and end on 28 October 2022.
Release
In late 2021, CKay released "Emiliana", following the success of his sleeper hit "Love Nwantiti", which earned him his first Billboard chart entry. On 1 April 2022, he released the music video for "Emiliana", directed by Ahmed Mosh. "Emiliana" peaked at number one for seven consecutive weeks on the UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. On 6 December 2021, it was named song of the day by The Native, It debuted at number forty-four on the TurnTable Top 50 on 13 December, and reached number five on 24 January 2022. On 29 March 2022, the track debuted at number ten on the newly launched Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs chart.
On 17 June 2022, CKay released "Watawi", accompanied by a music video directed by Dalia Dias in South Africa. On 26 June 2022, the record peaked at number six on the UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. On 28 June 2022, "Watawi" debuted at number 13 on the Nigeria TurnTable Top 50 and number 21 on the US Billboard Afrobeats Songs chart. In 2022, "Watawi" was shortlisted on OkayAfrica Heat of the Week.
Deluxe edition
On 5 May 2023, CKay released "HALLELUJAH", featuring ex-label mate Blaqbonez, as the first single off the deluxe studio album. On 20 May 2023, "HALLELUJAH" debuted at number 26 on the Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs chart. Which eventually earned Blaqbonez his first career debut on the chart. On 5 June 2023, "HALLELUJAH" peaked at number 9 on the Official Nigeria Top 100 chart. On 10 June 2023, he announced #HallelujahOpenVerse challenge and promise to award 2 winners $2500 each.
On 2 June 2023, CKay released "nwayi", as the second single off the deluxe studio album. on 16 June 2023, he released the deluxe studio album for Sad Romance, produced primarily by CKay, along with production from BMH, Sakhile, and Magicsticks. The deluxe edition features guest appearances from Blaqbonez, Joeboy, and Tekno.
Critical reception
Sad Romance received generally positive reviews from music critics. In a review for Pulse Nigeria, Adeayo Adebiyi said that Sad Romance "is a nice album created with the intention of consolidating CKay's success abroad and reinstating his status has a sound connoisseur in Afrobeats. However, as far as Afrobeats goes, Afro-Emo is not a mainstream sound and it's uncertain just how much this project can change that." In a review for The Native, Dennis Ade Peter said "There will always be a question of whether CKay played it a little too safe on his debut LP, the ultimate context of the album is in its contribution to any mythos the singer and producer might hope to have, beyond the ubiquity of a few singles. Sad Romance doesn't deliver the sort of romance-themed tragedy you might want to glean from the title, just a few tragic moments and more blue-eyed ones that help bolster CKay as one of the best troubadours working in Nigerian pop today." Emmanuel Daraloye of AfroCritik noted that "[a] listen through this LP would obliterate doubts of willful naysayers."
Track listing
Sad Romance (Deluxe)
Accolades
Charts
References
2022 debut albums
Igbo-language albums
Soul albums by Nigerian artists
Afro pop music albums
Afrobeat albums
Albums produced by Blaisebeatz
| 1,220
|
72242830
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Hayes%20%28politician%29
|
Benjamin Hayes (politician)
|
Benjamin Hayes served as a member of the California State Assembly, representing California's 1st State Assembly district, from 1867–1868.
References
Members of the California State Assembly
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
| 50
|
28925239
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset%20in%20Vienna
|
Sunset in Vienna
|
Sunset in Vienna is a 1937 British musical drama film directed by Norman Walker and starring Tullio Carminati, Lilli Palmer and John Garrick.
It was made at Pinewood Studios.
A shortened version of the film was released in the United States in 1940 and this year and running time are sometimes listed.
Premise
An Italian officer marries an Austrian, but the outbreak of the First World War devastates their relationship.
Cast
Tullio Carminati as Capt. Antonio 'Toni' Baretti
Lilli Palmer as Gelda Sponek
John Garrick as Lt. Adolphe Sponek
Geraldine Hislop as Wanda
Davina Craig as Deaf lady
Hubert Harben as Austrian general
Edgar Driver as Alfred
Alice O'Day as Maddalena
Eileen Munro as Superintendent of V.A.D.
Patrick Barr as Ludwig
Peter Bull as Turk Outside Café
Katie Johnson as Woman in Café
Andreas Malandrinos as Café Manager
Julian Vedey as Candiani
References
Bibliography
Bergfelder, Tim & Cargnelli, Christian. Destination London: German-speaking emigrés and British cinema, 1925-1950. Berghahn Books, 2008.
Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
Wood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.
External links
1937 films
1930s musical drama films
British musical drama films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Norman Walker
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in Italy
British World War I films
British black-and-white films
1937 drama films
1930s British films
| 402
|
1414428
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik%20%C3%93lafsson
|
Friðrik Ólafsson
|
Friðrik Ólafsson (born 26 January 1935) is an Icelandic chess grandmaster. He was president of FIDE from 1978 to 1982. He is a six-time Icelandic Chess Champion and a two-time Nordic Chess Champion.
Chess career
Friðrik was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. A first-time winner of the Icelandic Chess Championship in 1952 and of the Nordic Chess Championship a year later, he rapidly became recognised as the strongest Icelandic chess player of his generation. Friðrik's first result of international note was his shared first with Viktor Korchnoi at Hastings 1955–56.
Friðrik's best result in World Chess Championship competition was in the 1958 Interzonal tournament, where he finished equal 5th–6th, automatically earning the grandmaster title (the first for Iceland) and qualifying for the 1959 Candidates Tournament, the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion in 1960. It was an amazing achievement for someone who was not a chess professional at the time. In the Candidates Tournament, however, he finished seventh of eight with 10/28. He also played in the following Interzonal in 1962, but failed to qualify for the Candidates.
Among his other best tournament results were joint third in the first Piatigorsky Cup, Los Angeles 1963, with 7½/14 and shared first with Ljubomir Ljubojević at Wijk aan Zee 1976, ahead of Mikhail Tal. According to Chessmetrics, Olafsson at his best was rated 2692 on the October 1958 rating list, ranked #13 in world.
Olafsson continued to play occasionally into the 21st century, winning a rapid match against fellow veteran Bent Larsen in 2003 by a score of 5–3.
Friðrik usually played the Sicilian Defence against 1.e4 and the King's Indian Defence and Nimzo-Indian Defence against 1.d4. With White, he usually played the English Opening, but he also played 1.d4, 1.e4 and 1.Nf3 many times.
FIDE president
In 1978, Olafsson succeeded Max Euwe as President of the international chess governing body FIDE. During the tenure he presided over the 1981 Karpov–Korchnoi World Championship match. Since Korchnoi defected from the Soviet Union in 1976, the Soviets were holding Korchnoi's son, Igor. Olafsson delayed the planned September 19 start date of the match in a bid to get the Soviets to release Korchnoi's son. For this attempt, Olafsson drew the wrath of the Soviets, who then backed the FIDE Vice-President, Florencio Campomanes, for the Presidency of FIDE. Campomanes succeeded Olafsson as FIDE president in 1982.
Personal life
In life outside of chess, Friðrik is married and has two adult daughters.
Prior to 1974, when he became a chess professional, he worked as a lawyer at the Icelandic Ministry of Justice. After the FIDE presidency in 1982, Olafsson was appointed Secretary to the Icelandic Parliament.
References
Sources
Chess magazine, January 1979 – Interview with David Levy
The KGB Plays Chess – Yuri Felshtinsky
External links
1935 births
Living people
Fridrick Olafsson
Chess grandmasters
Fridrick Olafsson
Presidents of FIDE
Chess officials
| 741
|
70014591
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Holmgren
|
Nils Holmgren
|
Nils Frithiof Holmgren (1877–1954) was a Swedish zoologist and comparative anatomist. He was professor of zoology at Stockholm University from 1921 to 1944.
In 1906 Holmgren defended his doctoral dissertation at Stockholm University. In 1912 he became a teacher there, and in 1919 assistant professor of zoology, and in 1921 full professor. His early work focussed on the biology, systematics and anatomy of insects, especially termites, as in (1906) and (1909–1912). In later work he focused on the structure of the brain in worms, arthropods and vertebrates, publishing (1916) (Comparative anatomy of the brain), (1919), (1920), Points of view concerning forebrain morphology in lower vertebrates (1922), (with C. J. van der Horst) Contribution to the morphology of the brain in Ceratodus (1925), and Points of view concerning forebrain morphology in higher vertebrates (1925). This work made him a world expert on the nervous systems of the lower vertebrates. Later work focused on the investigation of cartilage in lower vertebrates. Holmgren, who undertook a research trip to Bolivia and Peru in 1904–1905, was from 1920 the publisher of the journal Acta Zoologica. Holmgren was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1928.
References
1877 births
1954 deaths
20th-century Swedish zoologists
19th-century Swedish zoologists
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen
| 355
|
33677216
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%20Me%20%26%20Sherry%27s%20House
|
Why Me & Sherry's House
|
Why Me & Sherry's House is a non-profit organization established in 1985, in the suburbs of Worcester, Massachusetts. The home provides an environment for children who battle childhood cancer with the support of others encountering similar circumstances with the illness.
History
Why Me
Worcester Help for Youth, Memories Everlasting
The Why Me Organization was developed by Sherry Shepherd a thirteen-year-old cancer patient. Sherry was the first patient in the opening of the oncology department at the University Of Massachusetts Medical Center in Worcester, Massachusetts. Sherry wanted to leave her legacy to the community and help other cancer patients through their struggle and challenges of the disease. Why Me, stands for Worcester Help for Youth, Memories Everlasting.
Sherry’s House
Sherry's House is an addition to the Why Me Organization. Sherry's House provides a place for children and their families to receive compassion, encouragement and support throughout the battle of their illness of childhood cancer. Sherry's House serves as the home base and services over 500 families from all over the New England area. Summer Camp, monthly support group meetings, Easter Egg Hunt, and more are held at Sherry's House for all Why Me families. Sherry's House is also an eight bedroom residence for families to reside while on active treatment. It is cost free to stay there.
Ben's Activity Center
Ben's Activity Center is a wing added to Sherry's House in honor of five-year-old Ben Hagan. The 3,200 square foot area provides a three level living area for children and their families, consisting of a Main floor, Bedroom floor, and a Basement. The Main floor provides a clubhouse environment for children to play, do activities, arts and crafts, and a large toy room. The Basement is a play area consisting of air hockey and pool tables and video games. The top floor is a hospice suite for end of life care or for families after a transplant. Within the suite is two bedrooms, full kitchen, laundry, and sitting room.
References
External links
http://www.whyme.org/sherrys-house.php
Organizations based in Worcester, Massachusetts
Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts
| 476
|
13317088
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C4%83gu%C8%99%20%28river%29
|
Drăguș (river)
|
The Drăguș is a left tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Olteț. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Brașov County
| 62
|
32986086
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atkuyu%2C%20Sinanpa%C5%9Fa
|
Çatkuyu, Sinanpaşa
|
Çatkuyu is a village in the Sinanpaşa District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 53 (2021).
References
Villages in Sinanpaşa District
| 50
|
13882035
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callionymoidei
|
Callionymoidei
|
Callionymoidei is a suborder of the Perciformes, the largest order of fish. The suborder includes the dragonets.
References
Ray-finned fish suborders
| 45
|
67601534
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero%20%28Afrojack%20and%20David%20Guetta%20song%29
|
Hero (Afrojack and David Guetta song)
|
"Hero" is a song by Dutch DJ Afrojack and French DJ David Guetta. The song was released on 30 April 2021 under Afrojack's own label Wall Recordings, and was notably performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 grand final on 22 May 2021.
The song was written by Afrojack, Guetta, Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen of production duo Stargate, English singer-songwriter Ellie Goulding, English singer Jamie Scott, and American musician Ryan Tedder of the band OneRepublic. The song was produced by Afrojack, Guetta, Stargate and Dutch production duo DubVision. Although Goulding was the vocalist on the demo version of the song, the vocals on the final version were performed by American singer Luxtides (a.k.a. Danni Bouchard). However, she is not billed as a credited singer.
Critical reception
"Hero" was described as an "inspiring summer song" and "a crossover between pop and EDM". American web site EDM.com said that the song clearly refers back to the sound of the early 2010s which since then had eroded a bit, but that "(...)after a brutal year devoid of live music thanks to the fury of COVID-19, many ravers have found themselves nostalgic, desperately clinging to memories of simpler times in the throes of solitude. Afrojack hopes "Hero" can serve as a time machine."
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2021 singles
2021 songs
Afrojack songs
David Guetta songs
Songs written by Afrojack
Songs written by David Guetta
Songs written by Tor Erik Hermansen
Songs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen
Songs written by Ellie Goulding
Songs written by Jamie Scott
Songs written by Ryan Tedder
Song recordings produced by David Guetta
Song recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)
Dance-pop songs
| 434
|
6443837
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20Beach%2C%20New%20South%20Wales
|
Pearl Beach, New South Wales
|
Pearl Beach is a suburb of on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Pearl Beach was assigned 'suburb' status by the Geographical Names Board of NSW on 25 October 1991.
History
Pearl Beach has a rich Indigenous history that is largely ignored by historical markers which have been erected in the community to commemorate visits by white settlers.
On 2 March 1788 Captain Arthur Phillip sailed north from Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, to the inlet described by Captain James Cook in 1770 as a "broken land" (id est Broken Bay).
As entered in their journals:
"We slept in the boat that night within a rocky point in the north-west part of the bay (which is very extensive) as the native tho very friendly appeared to be numerous", Gov. Capt. A. Phillip R.N..
"At 9 at night moored the boats in a cove on the N. side of the bay off which the surf broke violently... They were met by a great number of the natives men, women and children... They were all very friendly", Lieut. Wm. Bradley R.N. March 1788.
Geography
Located south of Umina Beach, being separated from it by a ridge upon which sits Mount Ettalong at a height of . It is bounded on the west and south by Brisbane Water National Park, and on the east by Broken Bay. Green Point, with Paul Landa Reserve, adjoins the southern end of the beach. The bay provides an example of a logarithmic spiral beach.
Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 536 people in Pearl Beach. 68.7% of people were born in Australia and 88.2% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 37.1% and Anglican 20.4%.
Swimming
The south end of the beach is placid, sheltered by a rocky point and Lion Island and is favoured by most visitors as a swimming spot. The north end of the beach is known for rough surf and is unofficially called "the dumpers". The dumpers, excluding the roughest waves at the far north end of the beach, are a popular bodysurfing spot for strong, confident swimmers, except during particularly rough surf or at king tide. Swimmers risk getting violently pounded onto the sand by a wave, or "chundered" (usually kayaking terminology) by waves dumping into a deep trench along the shoreline, but can generally avoid getting chundered by moving towards dry land or ducking under the break of the wave and swimming back to shore in smaller waves.
In 2014, five-year-old Chayce Kofe drowned after he was swept off the shore by a large wave. Gosford City Council continues to oppose danger signs despite calls from the local Member Kathy Smith to erect them.
See also
Rip current
Environment
Pearl Beach village is located within the National Trust of Australia's Broken Bay Entrance Landscape Conservation Area.
Awards
4 November 2009, Pearl Beach was declared the Central Coast regional winner of the NSW Keep Australia Beautiful Clean Beach Challenge while also winning the Community Partnerships and Action Award. Pearl Beach also took home a highly commended award in the Environmental Protection category.
9 December 2010, due to an absence of a formal select programme, Pearl Beach was successful with a nomination to represent New South Wales in the Keep Australia Beautiful Clean Beaches Award for 2010–11.
Community groups
Pearl Beach Progress Association
The Pearl Beach Progress Association was established in 1929 and grew out of informal gatherings of residents to discuss local problems and community projects. Today the Pearl Beach Progress Association promotes the best interests of the village, protects and enhances our wonderful natural environment and manages the historic Memorial Community Hall. Membership is available to anyone who is 16 years of age or older and lives in Pearl Beach or are owners of property in Pearl Beach, and the immediate families of such persons.
Pearl Beach Rural Fire Brigade
A volunteer firefighting brigade under the NSW Rural Fire Service, formed in 1953. The Station is located at 39 Emerald Avenue.
Community events
Since 2006, Opera in the Arboretum has been performed annually in March in the Crommelin Native Arboretum. The event is organised by the Rotary Club of Woy Woy and features performances by leading Australian opera identities. All proceeds are given to charities and Rotary projects.
Residential development
Residential development in Pearl Beach is governed by Gosford City Council's Development Control Plan 162 (DCP16). The aim of the Control Plan is to preserve, improve and restore the special natural character of Pearl Beach. It applies to all properties in the village of Pearl Beach, including, proposed buildings and major alterations and additions to existing buildings. DCP16 has superseded Gosford City Council's policies for Pearl Beach titled DO 16 and Pearl Beach Residential Development Policy.
Infrastructure
Road
Pearl Beach Drive is the only vehicular access road to the town.
There is pedestrian access is via the former Pearl Beach Road, also sometimes referred to as Cliff Road, which, nowadays, is a rocky unstable walking track that runs 30 feet above the shoreline around the base of the Mount Ettalong cliff via Umina Point. Pearl Beach Road is Heritage Listed, notably as a Section 2: Items listed by Local Government and State agencies.
Vehicular access to Pearl Beach has been problematic ever since motorised traffic was given access to the town, some events in this long saga include:
In 1925 Pearl Beach Road was designed and constructed as the main vehicular access road to Pearl Beach.
By December 1935, Pearl Beach Road had been closed to vehicles. As reported at the time: "The engineer of the Woy Woy Shire Council has reported to the touring department of the N.R.M.A. that during the summer holidays cars will be able to reach Pearl Beach from Ettalong by way of the new road. It is necessary for motorists to go along the old road from Ettalong to a point where a turntable has been constructed and a notice gives Warning that the road ahead is closed to traffic. The road over the hill is still under construction, and travelling conditions are not good, but, with care, tourists should be able to travel to Pearl Beach without difficulty."
In June 1936, the Pearl Beach Progress Association sent correspondence to Woy Woy Shire Council objecting to the council's decision to build a road to Patonga which would not go through Pearl Beach. A petition against the proposal was forwarded to the NSW Minister for Lands.
By April 1938, the Pearl Beach Progress Association had decided to pursue access to the town via water rather than road. As reported at the time: "Pearl Beach Progress Association has decided by a unanimous vote to demand an £800 wharf to facilitate launch connection with Patonga and Hawkesbury River railway station, in preference to a properly graded road connection with Woy Woy. It was expected that with a wharf large coastal vessels would come to Pearl Beach on their excursion trips from Sydney and Newcastle."
In February 1939, Pearl Beach Road was closed by Woy Woy Shire Council because a portion of the road had been washed away and two youths had been killed on it by falling over the cliffs. As reported at the time: "Although two experts stated that the road could be reconstructed for £2,000 and £4,800 respectively, a report by the shire engineer estimates that cost at £8,981. The Pearl Beach Progress Association will be advised of the cost, and as the rate necessary would be about 1 [shilling] in the [pound], the suggestion to replace the road is not likely to meet with approval."
In August 2010, Gosford City Council commenced stabilisation and reconstruction of sections of Mount Ettalong Road and Patonga Drive. Works were organised to ensure minimal traffic disruptions during morning and afternoon peak hours with delays of up to 15 minutes during other times. Consideration was given to the bus timetable and emergency vehicles.
Rock Pool
In 1926 construction of the Rock Pool, located at the southern end of the beach, adjoining Green Point, commenced. Once completed in 1928, C. R. Staples and Co. used it in promotional material to help sell land. Up until 1950, the pool suffered a pollution problem from its own amenities block that used open uncovered sanitary pans. Design and maintenance problems have plague the pool from the start. Nonetheless many people have and still enjoy the rock pool. During 2010, the rock pool was closed for 4 months whilst major renovations were carried out.
Electricity
Plans to provide Pearl Beach with electricity were given an approval on 31 December 1936. Mr. R. Franki, consulting electrical engineer to the Woy Woy Council, was instructed to proceed with construction after the necessary number of guarantees had been signed by the residents.
Sports facilities
Two tennis courts and a narrow artificial turf bowling green are located in Opal Close, bookings required. Lap swimming is available at the rock pool located at the southern end of the beach.
Notable residents
Minard Crommelin MBE (1881-1972), postmistress and environmental conservationist, lived in Pearl Beach between 1939 and 1972.
References
External links
Pearl Beach Progress Association website
Pearl Beach area website
Opera in the Arboretum website
Suburbs of the Central Coast (New South Wales)
| 1,985
|
19139061
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineeta%20Rai
|
Vineeta Rai
|
Vineet Rai is a former Indian Administrative Service officer and Revenue Secretary in the Government of India. Rai was voted one of The 25 Most Powerful women in Business in India in 2020.
Early life
Rai completed her schooling at Sardar Patel Vidyalaya in New Delhi and subsequently studied history at Miranda House, and Brandeis University on a Wien International Scholarship.
Career
An officer of the 1968 IAS batch of the Union Territories cadre, Rai is the first women to hold the post of Revenue Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. She was appointed in June 2003 and held the post till September 2004.
Previously, Rai has held posts in the Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and Ministry of Home Affairs in the Union Government.
She also worked in various state administrations and public sector undertakings.
References
External links
Article on Rediff
Indian civil servants
Indian women civil servants
1944 births
Living people
| 205
|
18057146
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda%20Castillo
|
Brenda Castillo
|
Brenda Castillo (born June 5, 1992, in San Cristóbal) is a volleyball player from the Dominican Republic and plays as a libero. She was a member of the Dominican Republic national team that won fifth place in the 2012 Summer Olympics, while she was named the tournament's Best Libero. She played in the 2014 World Championship reaching also the fifth place and ranking 17th in the 2010 World Championship and the 2011 FIVB World Cup where her national team ranked eight and the 2015 FIVB World Cup, winning the Best Libero individual award and ranking in seventh place.
She won the silver medal at the 2009 U20 World Championship, 2013 U23 World Championship and Bronze in the 2009 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup and the 2015 Pan American Games. She won the gold medal of the 2009 NORCECA Championship, 2010 Final Four and the 2010 and 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games. Castillo also won the 2008, 2010, 2014 and 2016 Pan American Cup championship.
In club competition, Castillo won the 2011 Puerto Rican League with Criollas de Caguas and the 2012-13, 2013-14 Azerbaijan Super League and 2014–15 with Rabita Baku. She became runner-up with San Cristóbal at the 2008 Dominican Republic Volleyball League and won the silver medal in the 2012–13 and the bronze in the 2013–14 CEV Champions League with Rabita Baku.
Personal and early life
Castillo is tall and weighs . She was born on June 5, 1992, in Haina, San Cristóbal. Her parents are Argentina and Alfonso. She is married to Julio Enrique de los Santos.
She started practicing volleyball when she was ten under the guidance of coach Valentín Arias Pérez in the club Siglo XXI. Her nickname is "Chin Chin", which translates from colloquial Dominican speech as "small portion". She is also recognized for having a pretty face and model looks.
At the San Cristóbal Carnival 2010, Castillo was named Queen of the Carnival, "Reina Califé". After living a hard life, she decided to become a Christian in 2010. Castillo used to arrive late to national team practices because of a problem with alcohol, but decided to change her life in order to help herself and her family.
In January 2015, she revealed via Instagram the pictures of her wedding with Julio Enrique de los Santos. She often shares Bible verses on her Facebook account.
Career
2007
Castillo played with the Senior National Team that traveled to Guadalajara, Spain for a friendly series. She then played the 2007 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Colima, Mexico. Her team qualified for the 2008 FIVB World Grand Prix with a 3–2 victory in quarterfinals over Puerto Rico, and finally winning the competition's bronze medal with a 3–1 victory over the United States. Castillo then played in the 2007 Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Her national team lost in the quarterfinals after falling to Peru and ending up in fifth place. Castillo played in August her first Worldwide competition by playing the annual FIVB World Grand Prix in Tokyo, Japan
then Hong Kong, China and finally Taipei, where her team won their first competition's match ranking in eleventh place overall. After that competition, she moved in September with her national Senior Team to Winnipeg, Canada, playing the NORCECA Championship. There she won the bronze medal.
She then took part in the world cup in the FIVB World Cup when the Dominican Republic was assigned with a wild card. Her country ranked ninth after winning only three matches during the competition. In the second half of December, Castillo played in Monterrey, Mexico the NORCECA Olympic Qualification Tournament; but her team fell 0–3 to Canada in the semifinals getting out of contention for the Olympic berth and later 2–3 to Puerto Rico in the Bronze medal match.
2008
She played for the Senior National Team at the 2008 Olympic Qualification Tournament in Japan. There her team ended up in fourth place, and did not qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics. She then played in July with her National Junior Team, winning the silver medal at the 2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20, and was elected Most Valuable Player, Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver. Shortly afterwards Castillo claimed with her Senior Team the gold medal at the 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Mexico as a sixteen-year-old. Later that year her team won the silver medal at the Final Four Cup, as she won the Rising Star award.
2009
During the Holy Week Sport Festival held in Hato Mayor, Castillo played Beach Volleyball (three) with Yenifer Calcaño and Evelyn Carrera winning the Gold Medal of the event.
She won with her Senior team the silver medal and the "Rising Star" award at the 2009 Pan-American Cup. In June 2009, at the 2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H, at Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, she took the public ovation at the Gran Arena del Cibao winning the Best Digger, Best Receiver, Best Libero and MVP awards. She then participated with her Junior National Team she won the silver medal at the 2009 U20 World Championship, being awarded Best Digger, Best Receiver, Best Libero and MVP awards. She won the Best Digger, Best Receiver, Best Libero awards and the bronze medal with her team at the 2009 Final Four Cup held in Lima, Peru. She then played with her Senior National Team, winning the Continental Championship at the 2009 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship, and was awarded again, Best Libero, Digger and Receiver. This win qualified her team to the 2009 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup, there she was at the age of 17 one of the youngest players. The Dominican Republic and Castillo won the Bronze Medal of the event.
2010
Castillo crowned her 2009 performance winning the 2010 Dominican Republic "Athlete of the Year" and 2010 Dominican Republic "Volleyball Player of the Year". She started the 2010 year winning the Best Libero, Digger and Receiver awards at the 2010 Pan-American Cup, won by her home team playing in Rosarito and Tijuana. Two weeks after the Pan-Am cup, she won the silver medal and the "Best Libero, Digger and Receiver awards at the 2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20.
The Dominican Republic Olympic Committee selected Castillo as the Dominican Republic Flag bearer for the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games held at Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, from July 17, 2010, to August 1, 2010. In the volleyball tournament of the Regional Games, she won with her team the gold medal. She later played in Chiapas, Mexico winning the Best Libero and Best Receiver awards, along with the gold medal with her National Senior Team at the 2010 Final Four Cup. Castillo later participated in her first Senior World Championship in Japan, finishing second in digs and Best Libero categories, and being 17th with her national team.
At the end of the 2010 year, Brenda joined the Dominican Republic club Mirador that participated in the 2010 FIVB World Club Championship finishing in 4th place with this club and earning the Best Libero award.
2011
The Puerto Rican team Criollas de Caguas signed Brenda for the 2011 season, as her first international club experience, joining the Canadian Stacey Gordon and Dominicans Bethania de la Cruz and Annerys Vargas. She replaced the injured Yarimar Rosa. During the regular season, Brenda accumulated statistics that make her Best Libero and Best Digger, and crowned the season winning the Puerto Rico League Championship, sweeping the final series against the Mets de Guaynabo.
Castillo then played the 2011 Pan-American Cup being awarded with the Best Libero and Best Digger awards, also winning the silver medal with her national team. She then took part of the 2011 Junior World Championship held in Lima, Peru. She helped her Junior National team to reach the 5th place in the tournament. Brenda won the silver medal and the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards at the 2011 NORCECA Championship, held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. She was also awarded the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards at the 2011 Pan American Games where her team finished in fourth place.
Castillo played the 2011 FIVB World Cup and her national team ranked in eight place and she finished in seventh place among the Liberos.
2012
In the Summer Olympics NORCECA qualification tournament played in May in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, Castillo saw her team qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal against the Cuban team. She earned awards for the Best Receiver and Best Libero of the competition. Later, she would confessed, that she played the tournament being pregnant and would not be able to play at the Olympic Games. But about one month later, the National Team doctor gynaecologist Albert Fiorinelli Milciades Camilo, announced that Castillo suffered a spontaneous abortion after 19 weeks of pregnancy. Two days later, she predicted that she would start training in 15 days in order to get physically fit to play in the Summer Olympics.
At the Pan-American Cup held in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, she returned to play with the National team, finishing with her team in the 4th place and winning the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards.
Castillo played at the 2012 Olympic tournament and her national team ranked 5th, after losing the quarterfinal match 3–0 against the United States. Nonetheless, she managed to win the individual award of Best Libero of the competition. She would later recall, as of July 2016, that award as the peak moment of her career.
In September, Castillo won the gold medal and the Best Digger award at the first 2012 U23 Pan-American Cup, played in Callao, Peru.
In early November 2012, Castillo signed with the Azerbaijani club Rabita Baku to play the Azerbaijan Super League and the CEV Champions League. Her goal was to achieve the league championship, even when she was playing without any knowledge of the Azerbaijani language.
2013
As one of the 15 women awarded by the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee in her sport, Castillo won the 2012 Volleyball Player of the Year. Castillo was one of the candidates for the top prize, the Dominican Republic Athlete of the year, along with Félix Sánchez, Luguelín Santos, Yamilet Peña and Aumi Guerra. Castillo was also considered by the volleyball portal Volleyball.it among the candidates for the 2012 Globe Awards prize. She managed to survive Brazilian Fabiana de Oliveira in the semifinal round, but she lost the final round to Italian Enrica Merlo 55% to 45%.
Castillo played the 2012-13 CEV Champions League Final Four held in Istanbul, Turkey. Her team defeated the Italian club Unendo Busto Arsizio 3–2 in the semifinals, but lost 3–0 in the championship match to the Turkish VakıfBank.
In April, Castillo's club, Rabita Baku claimed the Azerbaijan Super League Championship ahead of Igtisadchi Baku and Azerrail Baku, three weeks before the end of the season to win their sixth title in a row. She won the league's Best Libero award. She then played the 28th Montreux Volley Masters held in Montreux, Switzerland, after the invitation received by her National Team for the first time since 2003. Castillo's team won the Bronze Medal defeating Italy 3-1 after dropping the semifinals 0-3 from Brazil. Soon after this tournament, the Dominican Republic National Federation announced the Castillo's separation from the National Team due to erratic behavior and indiscipline.
She would later apologize for her previous behavior and promised to change her attitude, being then readmitted in the national team just in time to take part in the 2013 FIVB World Grand Prix. She helped her team to reach the 10th position in the competition, posting a 3.69 digs per set average, topping all the diggers in the preliminary round. Castillo played in late September the NORCECA Continental Championship, winning the silver medal and the Best Digger award.
Castillo played with her national team at the U23 World Championship, helping her team to win its pool with a 4–1 record. They later had a 3–0 win over the USA team in the semifinals before falling 0–3 to China in the final match. She finished the tournament statistics as the best digger and was awarded Best Libero.
2014
In January, Castillo was selected by the volleyball specialized website Volleywood for the 2013 My Volleywood Idol voting, advancing to the second round but, could not make a final four spot.
After her Azeri club Rabita Baku won the right to host the 2013–14 CEV Champions League Final Four, Castillo's club won the Bronze medal after falling 0–3 to the Russian Dinamo Kazan in the semifinals, but defeating 3–0 to the Turkish Eczacıbaşı VitrA Istanbul in the third place match. She was awarded tournament's Best Libero. She later commented that she felt lucky for playing another year with Rabita Baku and dedicated the club's recent triumph to their fans. This new accolade helped Castillo's popularity to grow in her home country, the Dominican Republic, there she is known as one of the most popular athletes.
Rabita Baku, claimed their sixth title championship by winning the 2013–14 Azerbaijani Super League 3-0 to Azeryol Baku and Castillo won the Best Libero individual award.
The Dominican Republic head coach gave Castillo a little participation during the 2014 FIVB World Championship NORCECA qualification tournament held in La Romana, Dominican Republic, even when the audience claimed for her appearance. Nonetheless, she helped her team to reach a berth to the 2014 World Championship in late May. Later in Mexico City, Mexico, Castillo help her national team to clinch the 2014 Pan American Cup championship and the 2015 Grand Prix berth. For her performance during the tournament, Castillo won the Most Valuable Player, Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver.
Castillo played the FIVB World Grand Prix, being one of the favorites from the attendants during the first week of the competition in Sassari, Italy, resulting in many people waiting in line for Castillo's autograph and pictures. After winning just one match during the Group 1, the Dominican Republic finished in 12th and last place. Nonetheless, With a 3.85 digs per set, Castillo ranked first among her Group.
Hoping to reach a late stage in the World Championship held in Italy, Castillo helped her national team to start the competition undefeated 5-0 after winning over the home team 3–2. She ranked third in defense after the Pool A round robin competition. After a 7–2 start, her team qualified for the first time to the World Championship third round besides losing 2–3 to China, but being unable to reach a semifinal spot after losing their two third round matches 2–3 to China and 0–3 to Brazil. Ultimately Castillo's national team ended up in fifth place.
Castillo returned to Rabita with the ambition of repeating the league championship and later announced a three years deal until 2017 with her Azerbaijani club, before joining again her national team in the volleyball tournament at the Central American and Caribbean Games. After her comments that being favorite make them work harder, she helped her national team to win their fourth consecutive gold medal. Winning the best digger, receiver and libero awards make her also win the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
2015
Because of the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee favoured the individual athletes, Castillo was not taken into account for the 2014 Athlete of the Year award besides of her notable 2014 year results. But she was selected by the Dominican Republic Guild of Sport Writers among the 2014 top athletes, along with boxer Juan Carlos Payano, Major League Baseball pitcher Johnny Cueto and the later top awarded, the tennis player Víctor Estrella Burgos. Nonetheless, Castillo was selected volleyball player of the year.
After a four sets win over Agel Prostějov, only the second win in their Pool A of Castillo's professional team, Rabita Baku in the 2014–15 CEV Champions League but the team were in the middle of a financial crisis and they then lost 0–3 to Dinamo Kazan despite of good reception and defense, and lost 2–3 to Chemik Police in the last Champions League season match. After ranking fourth in their pool A,
After the pool play, Castillo was chosen among the magnificent 7 weeks all-star team. they missed the qualification to playoffs and were relegated to the CEV Cup and paired with Béziers Volley Rabita defeated Béziers Volley 3-1 and 3–0 in the return match, and for the second time, they make it to the Cup semifinals. In the semifinals they faced the Russian club Dinamo Krasnodar. But Rabita lost 1–3 in Russia and then lost 0–3 at Baku finishing their CEV Cup season in third place.
Rabita Baku ultimately faced Lokomotiv Baku in the Azerbaijani League final series, winning 3-1 the final series first match and again 3–1 in the second reaching Rabita's local league eight title and she won the league's Best Libero and Best Digger awards.
Castillo later participated in the 2015 Montreux Volley Masters, but her national team lost the fifth place match 1–3 to Germany. Soon after that, she took part of the NORCECA Champions Cup, taking home the gold medal and the qualification for the 2015 FIVB World Cup and also winning the Best Digger award.
Castillo played the Pan-American Cup in Peru, winning the silver medal when her national team lost to the United States 0–3 in the championship match. In spite of that, they qualified to the 2016 FIVB Grand Prix and she won the Best Libero, Digger and Receiver awards.
As part of a historic Dominican Republic delegation to the 2015 Pan American Games, she won with her national team the bronze medal after losing to the United States in the semifinals and defeated 3-1 the Puerto Rico national team. In the World Cup, Castillo also won the best libero award, while her team finished in the seventh place from twelve with a 5–6 record.
On early October, Castillo was awarded Best Libero and Best Digger after her national team lost 1-3 the NORCECA Championship gold medal match against the United States. Later that month, the Azerbaijani club Lokomotiv Baku announced that Castillo have signed a one-year contract with them.
2016
After a 3-0 matches sweep over Azeryol Baku, Castillo helped Lokomotiv Baku to win the 2015–16 Azerbaijan Super League bronze medal and she was awarded Best Digger. She joined her national team, competing in the World Olympic qualification tournament, were her team finished in sixth place from eighth teams, not qualifying for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Even though, her performance made her recipient of the Best Libero individual award. After that, she was selected Best Libero by the social media poll conducted by the specialized portal, World of Volley. She received 9,654 votes to lead the liberos contest. After receive a special salute for that accomplishment from the Women's and Sports commissioner of the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee Dulce Piña, she was sidelined from her national team who won the gold in the World Grand Prix Group II along with Prisilla Rivera to give them a rest. But her coach callEd her for the Pan-American Cup played in home soil.
Her team performed with 5–0 in the pool play before defeating Cuba 3-0 and finally to Puerto Rico once again, this time 3–2 to win the gold medal and a berth for the 2017 FIVB World Grand Prix. Castillo was awarded Best Digger, Receiver and Libero. Nonetheless, she expressed that she does not play for the awards, that they come for the strength invested for playing for her native country, and that playing at home brings an extra motivation.
Castillo signed with the Brazilian club Genter Vôlei Bauru for the 2016/2017 season.
2017
Genter Vôlei Bauru reached for the first time a Brazilian Superliga quarterfinals berth, but they were defeated by Minas 0–2 in the best-of-three playoff. After losing the first match 0–3, Castillo tattooed the John 3:16 Bible verse in one of her arms saying that these passage guided her life. However, Castillo was chosen among the tournament's best players, winning the Best Digger individual award, after she spent the season leading those statistics. She thanked God and expressed the satisfaction for being among the best of the league and described the accomplishment of playing with teamwork, helping her teammates in every match.
She was called up to the 2017 FIVB World Grand Prix and her national team finished the first round in the Netherlands with a 2–1 mark, But on the way to the second leg in Russia, making a stop in Warsaw, their LOT Polish Airlines flight check found Marianne Fersola, Niverka Marte and Castillo's passports full and could not be stamped anywhere refusing to board them and the whole team decided to stay together. After finally arriving in Russia, the team was overall ranked eight after losing two matches from three played in the second round and Castillo was among the All-Star team from that Russian leg and was leading the WGP Group 1 digs with 3.64 digs per set. The Russian police raided the Dominican team hotel suspecting involvement in white-slave traffic from Latin-American to Russia and Castillo was jailed for two days. But she was detained in the airport along with human trafficking involved people; her Russian travel visa expired on July 15, two days before she tried to leave the country on July 17 and with intervention by the Dominican ambassador in Russia, she could travel to the third round on Thailand and together with Niverka Marte and her head coach joined the rest of the team who had traveled on time. The Dominican team finally ranked eight after losing two matches in the Thai round, not qualifying for the final round.
She took part in the NORCECA 2018 FIVB World Championship qualification tournament in Santo Domingo were her national team won the qualification and the World Championship berth, with Castillo winning the tournament's Most Valuable Player, Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards.
2018
Castillo played the 2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League from the National District, playing with Cristo Rey and winning the tournament's silver medal when her team lost 1-3 to Caribeñas VC. She won the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver awards. At the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games, Castillo won with her team the gold medal and the Best Libero and Best Digger individual awards. In the inaugural Nations League her national team performed 3-12 ranking in the fourteenth place. Her team lost 2-3 in the final match of the Pan-American Cup, winning the silver medal. She was awarded the Best Libero, Best Digger and Best Receiver. Castillo played the World Championship in Japan, her team was 3-2 in the first round and 5-4 after the second round and finishing in ninth place when they could not qualify for the third round.
Clubs
San Cristóbal (2007–2010)
Pueblo Nuevo (2009)
Mirador (2010)
Criollas de Caguas (2011)
Rabita Baku (2012-2015)
Lokomotiv Baku (2015-2016)
Genter Vôlei Bauru (2016–2017)
Cristo Rey (2017-19)
SESI/Vôlei Bauru (2020-21)
Savino del Bene Scandicci (2021-)
Awards
Individuals
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Most Valuable Player"
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Libero"
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Receiver"
2008 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Digger"
2008 Pan-American Cup "Rising Star"
2008 Final Four Cup "Rising Star"
2008 Dominican Volleyball League "Best Receiver"
2008 Dominican Volleyball League "Best Digger"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Most Valuable Player"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Best Digger"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Best Receiver"
2010 World Championship NORCECA Qualification Pool H "Best Libero"
2009 Pan-American Cup "Rising Star"
2009 U20 World Championship "Most Valuable Player"
2009 U20 World Championship "Best Libero"
2009 U20 World Championship "Best Digger"
2009 U20 World Championship "Best Receiver"
2009 Final Four Cup "Best Libero"
2009 Final Four Cup "Best Digger"
2009 Final Four Cup "Best Receiver"
2009 NORCECA Championship "Best Libero"
2009 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger"
2009 NORCECA Championship "Best Receiver"
2010 Dominican Republic "Athlete of the Year"
2010 Dominican Republic "Volleyball Player of the Year"
2010 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero"
2010 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger"
2010 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver"
2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Libero"
2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Digger"
2010 NORCECA Junior Continental Championship U-20 "Best Receiver"
2010 Final Four Cup "Best Libero"
2010 Final Four Cup "Best Receiver"
2010 World Club Championship "Best Libero"
2011 Puerto Rican League "Best Libero" 2011 Puerto Rican League "Best Digger" 2011 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2011 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2011 NORCECA Championship "Best Libero" 2011 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger" 2011 NORCECA Championship "Best Receiver" 2011 Pan American Games "Best Libero" 2011 Pan American Games "Best Digger" 2011 Pan American Games "Best Receiver" 2012 Summer Olympics NORCECA qualification tournament's "Best Receiver"
2012 Summer Olympics NORCECA qualification tournament's "Best Libero"
2012 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver" 2012 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2012 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2012 Summer Olympics "Best Libero" 2012 U23 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2012 Dominican Republic "Volleyball Player of the Year" 2012-13 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Libero" 2013 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger" 2013 U23 World Championship "Best Libero" 2013-14 CEV Champions League "Best Libero" 2013-14 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Libero" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Most Valuable Player" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver" 2014 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games "Most Valuable Player" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Libero" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games Receiver" 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Digger" 2014-15 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Libero" 2014-15 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Digger" 2015 NORCECA Champions Cup "Best Digger" 2015 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero" 2015 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger" 2015 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver" 2015 FIVB World Cup "Best Libero" 2015 NORCECA Championship "Best Libero" 2015 NORCECA Championship "Best Digger" 2015–16 Azerbaijan Super League "Best Digger" 2016 World Olympic qualification tournament "Best Libero"
2016–17 Brazilian Super League "Best Digger"
2016 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero"
2016 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger"
2016 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver"
2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League "Best Libero"
2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League "Best Digger"
2018 Dominican Republic Superior Volleyball League "Best Receiver"
2018 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Libero"
2018 Central American and Caribbean Games "Best Digger"
2021 Pan-American Cup "Best Receiver"
2021 Pan-American Cup "Best Digger"
2021 Pan-American Cup "Best Libero"
National Team
Junior Team
2008 NORCECA Women´s Junior Continental Championship U-20 Silver Medal
2009 FIVB U20 Volleyball World Championship Silver Medal
2010 NORCECA Women´s Junior Continental Championship U-20 Silver Medal
2012 U23 Pan-American Cup - Gold Medal
2013 U23 World Championship - Silver Medal
Clubs
2008 Dominican Republic Volleyball League – Runner-Up, with San Cristóbal
2011 Puerto Rican League – Champion, with Criollas de Caguas
2012–13 CEV Champions League – Runner-Up, with Rabita Baku
2012-13 Azerbaijan Super League - Champion, with Rabita Baku
2013–14 CEV Champions League – Bronze medal, with Rabita Baku
2013-14 Azerbaijan Super League – Champion, with Rabita Baku
2014-15 Azerbaijan Super League – Champion, with Rabita Baku
2015–16 Azerbaijan Super League – Bronze medal, with Lokomotiv Baku
Beach Volleyball
2009 Hato Mayor Beach Volleyball Tournament Gold Medal
References
External links
FIVB Profile
CEV Profile
Italian League Profile
1992 births
Living people
Dominican Republic Christians
Dominican Republic women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Volleyball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the Dominican Republic
Olympic volleyball players for the Dominican Republic
Pan American Games medalists in volleyball
Sportspeople from San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for the Dominican Republic
Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games
Volleyball players at the 2019 Pan American Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
Volleyball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
| 6,597
|
20795986
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20UEFA%20Europa%20League
|
2010–11 UEFA Europa League
|
The 2010–11 UEFA Europa League was the second season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 40th edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 1 July 2010, with the first qualifying round matches, and concluded on 18 May 2011, with the final at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, between Porto and first-time finalists Braga. This was the first all-Portuguese final of a European competition and only the third time that two Portuguese teams faced each other in Europe, following Braga's elimination of Benfica in the semi-finals. Porto defeated Braga 1–0, with a goal from the competition's top goalscorer Radamel Falcao, and won their second title in the competition, after victory in the 2002–03 UEFA Cup. Atletico Madrid were the defending champions but were eliminated in group stage.
Association team allocation
A total of 194 teams from 53 UEFA associations participated in the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. Associations were allocated places according to their 2009 UEFA country coefficient, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 2004–05 to 2008–09.
Below is the qualification scheme for the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League:
Associations 1–6 each have three teams qualify
Associations 7–9 each have four teams qualify
Associations 10–51 each have three teams qualify, except Liechtenstein, which have one team qualify (as Liechtenstein only have a domestic cup and no domestic league)
Associations 52–53 each have two teams qualify (an increase from only one team in the previous season)
The top three associations of the 2009–10 UEFA Fair Play ranking each gain an additional berth
Moreover, 33 teams eliminated from the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League are transferred to the Europa League.
Association ranking
Notes
(FP): Additional fair play berth (Sweden, Denmark, Finland)
(UCL): Additional teams transferred from the UEFA Champions League
Distribution
The winners of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, Atlético Madrid, were guaranteed a place in the group stage as the title holder, since they did not qualify for the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League. However, they also qualified for the Europa League third qualifying round through domestic performance, as they were the runners-up of the 2009–10 Copa del Rey to Champions League-qualified Sevilla. As a result, this place in the third qualifying round was vacated, which in turn led to the following changes to the default allocation system in order to compensate for this vacant spot:
The domestic cup winners of association 28 (Finland) have been promoted from the second qualifying round to the third qualifying round.
The domestic cup winners of associations 52 and 53 (Malta and San Marino) have been promoted from the first qualifying to the second qualifying round.
Redistribution rules
A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within the national association by the following rules:
When the domestic cup winners (considered as the "highest-placed" qualifiers within the national association) also qualify for the Champions League, their Europa League place is vacated, and the remaining Europa League qualifiers are moved up one place, with the final place (with the earliest starting round) taken by the domestic cup runners-up, provided they do not already qualify for the Champions League or the Europa League. Otherwise, this place is taken by the highest-placed league finishers that have not yet qualified for the Europa League.
When the domestic cup winners also qualify for the Europa League through league position, their place through the league position is vacated, and the Europa League qualifiers that finish lower in the league are moved up one place, with the final place taken by the highest-placed league finishers that have not yet qualified for the Europa League.
A place vacated by the League Cup winners is taken by the highest-placed league finishers that have not yet qualified for the Europa League.
A Fair Play place is taken by the highest-ranked team in the domestic Fair Play table that has not yet qualified for the Champions League or the Europa League.
Teams
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:
TH: Title holders
CW: Cup winners
CR: Cup runners-up
LC: League Cup winners
Nth: League position
P-W: End-of-season European competition play-offs winners
FP: Fair play
UCL: Relegated from the Champions League
GS: Third-placed teams from the group stage
PO: Losers from the play-off round
Q3: Losers from the third qualifying round
Notes
England (ENG): Portsmouth, the runners-up of the 2009–10 FA Cup to Champions League-qualified Chelsea, did not obtain a UEFA licence, meaning they could not qualify for Europe. Portsmouth had appealed to UEFA, the Premier League and the English FA, but the latter two would not allow late applications for the licence. As a result, the seventh-placed team of the 2009–10 Premier League, Liverpool, claimed the Europa League spot in the third qualifying round.
Republic of Ireland (IRL): Since the third- and fourth-placed teams of the 2009 League of Ireland, Cork City and Derry City, were dissolved and expelled from the league respectively after the season was completed, the fifth-placed team, Dundalk, claimed the Europa League spot in the first qualifying round.
Lithuania (LTU): Vėtra, the runners-up of the 2009 A Lyga and also the runners-up of the 2009–10 Lithuanian Football Cup to Champions League-qualified Ekranas, were denied the UEFA license for the 2010–11 season and therefore could not represent Lithuania in the UEFA Europa League. As a result, all Europa League spots were awarded to teams based on their league positions. Therefore, the fourth-placed team, Šiauliai, were moved from the first qualifying round to the second qualifying round, while the fifth-placed team, Tauras Tauragė, claimed the Europa League spot in the first qualifying round.
Spain (ESP): Mallorca, the fifth-placed team of the 2009–10 La Liga, were not admitted to the UEFA Europa League due to being immersed in a creditor contest (not by reason of having debt) a situation that does not meet the necessary admission criteria for participating in the UEFA competitions. As a result, the seventh-placed team, Villarreal, claimed the Europa League spot in the play-off round. On 30 July, UEFA's Appeals Body dismissed Mallorca's appeal against the infraction.
Round and draw dates
All draws held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland unless stated otherwise.
Matches in the qualifying, play-off, and knockout rounds may also be played on Tuesdays or Wednesdays instead of the regular Thursdays due to scheduling conflicts.
Seeding
The draws for the qualifying rounds, the play-off round and the group stage are all seeded based on the 2010 UEFA club coefficients. The coefficients are calculated on the basis of a combination of 20% of the value of the respective national association's coefficient for the period from 2005–06 to 2009–10 inclusive and the clubs' individual performances in the UEFA club competitions during the same period. Clubs are ordered by their coefficients and then divided into pots as required.
In the draws for the qualifying rounds and the play-off round, the teams are divided evenly into one seeded and one unseeded pot, based on their club coefficients. A seeded team is drawn against an unseeded team, with the order of legs in each tie also being decided randomly. Due to the limited time between matches, the draws for the second and third qualifying rounds take place before the results of the previous round are known. The seeding in each draw is carried out under the assumption that all of the highest-ranked clubs of the previous round are victorious. If a lower-ranked club is victorious, it simply takes the place of its defeated opponent in the next round. Prior to these draws, UEFA may form "groups" in accordance with the principles set by the Club Competitions Committee, but they are purely for convenience of the draw and do not resemble any real groupings in the sense of the competition, while ensuring that teams from the same association not drawn against each other.
In the draw for the group stage, the 48 teams are split into four pots of twelve teams, based on their club coefficients, with the title holder (if participating) automatically placed into Pot 1. Each group contains one team from each pot, but teams from the same association cannot be drawn into the same group.
In the draw for the first knockout stage, the twelve group winners and the four better third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage (based on their match record in the group stage) are seeded, and the twelve group runners-up and the other four third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage are unseeded. A seeded team is drawn against an unseeded team, with the seeded team hosting the second leg. Teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn against each other.
In the draws for the round of 16 onwards, there are no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association may be drawn with each other.
Qualifying rounds
In the qualifying and play-off rounds, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis.
The draw for the first two qualifying rounds was made on 21 June 2010, while the draw for the third qualifying round was made on 16 July 2010.
First qualifying round
The first legs were played on 1 July, and the second legs were played on 8 July 2010.
|}
Note 1: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Second qualifying round
The first legs were played on 15 July, and the second legs were played on 22 and 23 July 2010.
|}
Notes
Note 2: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Note 3: Original match abandoned in the 80th minute due to adverse weather conditions, with MYPA leading 1–0. The match was replayed on 23 July 2010 at 18:30 CEST from the beginning.
Note 4: UEFA awarded Győri ETO a 3–0 win due to Atyrau fielding a suspended player in the first leg. The original match had ended in a 2–0 win for Győri ETO.
Note 5: UEFA awarded Budućnost Podgorica a 3–0 win due to Baku fielding a suspended player in the first leg. The original match had ended in a 2–1 win for Baku.
Third qualifying round
The first legs were played on 27 and 29 July, and the second legs were played on 3 and 5 August 2010.
|}
Notes
Note 6: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Play-off round
The draw for the play-off round was held on 6 August 2010. The first legs were played on 17 and 19 August, and the second legs were played on 24 and 26 August 2010.
|}
Note 7: Order of legs reversed after original draw.
Group stage
The 48 clubs were drawn into twelve groups of four on 27 August 2010 in Monaco. In each group, teams play against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The matchdays are 16 September, 30 September, 21 October, 4 November, 1–2 December, and 15–16 December 2010. The group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 32, where they are joined by the eight third-placed teams from the group stage of the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League.
If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied to determine the rankings (in descending order):
higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question;
superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question;
higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question;
superior goal difference from all group matches played;
higher number of goals scored;
higher number of coefficient points accumulated by the club in question, as well as its association, over the previous five seasons.
Following a trial at last year's UEFA Europa League, UEFA have announced that in both this year's and the 2011–12 competition, two extra officials would be used – with one on each goal line.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Group I
Group J
Group K
Group L
Knockout phase
In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final.
The draw for the round of 32 and round of 16 was held on 17 December 2010. The draws for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (to determine the "home" team) were held on 18 March 2011.
Bracket
Round of 32
The first legs were played on 15 and 17 February, and the second legs were played on 22, 23 and 24 February 2011.
|}
Round of 16
The first legs were played on 10 March, and the second legs were played on 17 March 2011.
|}
Note 8: Order of legs reversed after original draw due to proximity between the cities of Porto and Braga.
Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 7 April, and the second legs were played on 14 April 2011.
|}
Note 9: Order of legs reversed after original draw due to proximity between the cities of Porto and Braga.
Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 28 April, and the second legs were played on 5 May 2011.
|}
Note 10: Order of legs reversed after original draw due to proximity between the cities of Porto and Braga.
Final
The final was played on 18 May 2011 at Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Due to UEFA rules against corporate sponsorship outside the federation, for the final the stadium was referred to as the "Dublin Arena".
Top goalscorers
The top scorers from the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League (excluding qualifying rounds and play-off round) are as follows:
Source: Top scorers (accessed 5 May 2011)
See also
2010–11 UEFA Champions League
2011 UEFA Super Cup
References
External links
2010–11 UEFA Europa League, UEFA.com
2
2010-11
| 3,190
|
208652
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Balanchine
|
George Balanchine
|
George Balanchine (; born Georgiy Melitonovich Balanchivadze; ; January 22, 1904 (O. S. January 9) – April 30, 1983) was a Georgian American ballet choreographer, recognized as one of the most influential choreographers of the 20th-century. Styled as the father of American ballet, he co-founded the New York City Ballet and remained its artistic director for more than 35 years. His choreography is characterized by plotless ballets with minimal costume and décor, performed to classical and neoclassical music.
Born in St. Petersburg, Russia, Balanchine took the standards and technique from his time at the Imperial Ballet School and fused it with other schools of movement that he had adopted during his tenure on Broadway and in Hollywood, creating his signature "neoclassical style".
He was a choreographer known for his musicality; he expressed music with dance and worked extensively with leading composers of his time like Igor Stravinsky. Balanchine was invited to America in 1933 by a young arts patron named Lincoln Kirstein, and together they founded the School of American Ballet in 1934 as well as the New York City Ballet in 1948.
Early life
Balanchine was born Georgiy Melitonovich Balanchivadze in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, son of Georgian opera singer and composer Meliton Balanchivadze, one of the founders of the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre and later the culture minister of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia, which became independent in 1918 but was later subsumed into the Soviet Union.
The rest of the Georgian side of Balanchine's family consisted largely of artists and soldiers. Little is known of Balanchine's Russian, maternal side. His mother, Meliton's second wife, Maria Nikolayevna Vasilyeva, is said to be the daughter of Nikolai von Almedingen, a German, who later left Russia and abandoned his family, causing Maria to take her mother's name. She was fond of ballet and viewed it as a form of social advancement from the lower reaches of Saint Petersburg society. She was eleven years younger than Meliton and rumored to have been his former housekeeper, although "she had at least some culture in her background" as she could play piano well. The Balanchine mother also worked at a bank. Although she loved ballet, she wished for her son to join the military. This was a difficult topic to enforce in the family because not only was the mother artistic, George's father was also very talented at playing the piano. Many believe that because his father was very invested in the arts, Balanchine's career of being a businessman failed. Balanchine had three other siblings. One of them being Andrei Balanchivadze, who became a well-known Georgian composer like his father.
Career
Early auditions and training
As a child, Balanchine was not particularly interested in ballet, but his mother insisted that he audition with his sister Tamara, who shared her mother's interest in the art. Balanchine's brother Andria Balanchivadze instead followed his father's love for music and became a composer in Soviet Georgia. Tamara's career, however, would be cut short by her death in unknown circumstances as she was trying to escape on a train from besieged Leningrad to Georgia.
Based on his audition, during 1913 (at age nine), Balanchine relocated from rural Finland to Saint Petersburg and was accepted into the Imperial Ballet School, principal school of the Imperial Ballet, where he was a student of Pavel Gerdt and Samuil Andrianov (Gerdt's son-in-law).
Balanchine spent the World War I years at the Mariinsky Theater until it closed down in 1917 due to a government decree. Attending ballet here could have been viewed as a convenience to the Balanchivadze family because this is where his father composed music. This theater was transferred to the People's Enlightenment Commissariat and became property of the state. The Theater reopened in 1918, then two years later the theater was called the State Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet. He mounted some new and experimental ballets for the Mikhailovsky Theatre in Petrograd. Among them were Le Boeuf sur le toit (1920) by Jean Cocteau and Darius Milhaud, and a scene for Caesar and Cleopatra by George Bernard Shaw.
After graduating in 1921, Balanchine enrolled in the Petrograd Conservatory while working in the corps de ballet at the State Academic Theater for Opera and Ballet (formerly the State Theater of Opera and Ballet and known as the Mariinsky Ballet). His studies at the conservatory included advanced piano, music theory, counterpoint, harmony, and composition. Balanchine graduated from the conservatory in 1923, and danced as a member of the corps until 1924. While still in his teens, Balanchine choreographed his first work, a pas de deux named La Nuit (1920, music by Anton Rubinstein), a piece which the school of directors did not approve of or like. George Balanchine went about his choreography in an experimental way during the evening time. He and his colleagues eventually performed this piece at the State School of Ballet. This was followed by another duet, Enigma, with the dancers in bare feet rather than ballet shoes. While teaching at the Mariinsky Ballet, he met Tamara Geva, his future wife. In 1923, with Geva and fellow dancers, Balanchine formed a small ensemble, the Young Ballet.
Ballets Russes
In 1924, the Young Ballet managed to obtain a permission to leave Russia and tour around Europe. Balanchine with his wife, Tamara Geva, and several other dancers (Alexandra Danilova, Nicholas Efimov) went to Germany, but all performances in Berlin were met coldly. The Young Ballet had to perform in small cities of the Rhine Province such as Wiesbaden, Bad Ems, and Moselle. Geva wrote later, that in that time they had to dance 'in small dark places, in summer theaters and private ballrooms, in beer gardens and before mental patients'. They could barely afford paying for hotels and often had only tea for meal. In London, they had two weeks of very unsuccessful performances, when the audience met them with dead silence. With expiring visas, they were not welcome in any other European country. They moved to Paris, where there was a large Russian community. At this time, the impresario Sergei Diaghilev invited Balanchine to join the Ballets Russes as a choreographer.
Balanchine was 21 at the time and became the main choreographer for the most famous ballet company. Sergei Diaghilev insisted that Balanchine change his name from Balanchivadze to Balanchine. Diaghilev soon promoted Balanchine to ballet master of the company and encouraged his choreography. Between 1924 and Diaghilev's death in 1929, Balanchine created ten ballets, as well as lesser works. During these years, he worked with composers such as Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, Erik Satie, and Maurice Ravel, and artists who designed sets and costumes, such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Rouault, and Henri Matisse, creating new works that combined all the arts.
Among his new works, during 1928 in Paris, Balanchine premiered Apollon musagète (Apollo and the muses) in a collaboration with Stravinsky; it was one of his most innovative ballets, combining classical ballet and classical Greek myth and images with jazz movement. He described it as "the turning point in my life". Apollo is regarded as the original neoclassical ballet. Apollo brought the male dancer to the forefront, giving him two solos within the ballet. Apollo is known for its minimalism, using simple costumes and sets. This allowed the audience not to be distracted from the movement. Balanchine considered music to be the primary influence on choreography, as opposed to the narrative.
Suffering a serious knee injury, Balanchine had to limit his dancing, effectively ending his performance career.
After Diaghilev's death, the Ballets Russes went bankrupt. To earn money, Balanchine began to stage dances for Charles B. Cochran's revues and Sir Oswald Stoll's variety shows in London. He was retained by the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen as a guest ballet master. Among his new works for the company were Danses Concertantes, a pure dance piece to music by Stravinsky, and Night Shadow, revived under the title La Sonnambula.
In 1931, with the help of financier Serge Denham, René Blum and Colonel Wassily de Basil formed the Ballets Russes de Monte-Carlo, a successor to Ballets Russes. The new company hired Leonide Massine and Balanchine as choreographers. Featured dancers included David Lichine and Tatiana Riabouchinska. In 1933, without consulting Blum, Col. de Basil dropped Balanchine after one year – ostensibly because he thought that audiences preferred the works choreographed by Massine. Librettist Boris Kochno was also let go, while dancer Tamara Toumanova (a strong admirer of Balanchine) left the company when Balanchine was fired.
Balanchine and Kochno immediately founded Les Ballets 1933, with Kochno, Diaghilev's former secretary and companion, serving as artistic advisor. The company was financed by Edward James, a British poet and ballet patron. The company lasted only a couple of months during 1933, performing only in Paris and London, when the Great Depression made arts more difficult to fund. Balanchine created several new works, including collaborations with composers Kurt Weill, Darius Milhaud, Henri Sauguet and designer Pavel Tchelitchew.
United States
Balanchine insisted that his first project in the United States would be to establish a ballet school because he wanted to develop dancers who had strong technique along with his particular style. Compared to his classical training, he thought they could not dance well. With the assistance of Lincoln Kirstein and Edward M.M. Warburg, the School of American Ballet opened to students on January 2, 1934, less than three months after Balanchine arrived in the U.S. Later that year, Balanchine had his students perform in a recital, where they premiered his new work Serenade to music by Tchaikovsky at Woodlands, the Warburg summer estate. The school of American Ballet became and is now a home for dancers of New York City Ballet as well as companies from all over the world.
Between his ballet activities in the 1930s and 1940s, Balanchine choreographed Broadway musicals written by such notables as Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart and Vernon Duke. Among them, Balanchine choreographed Rodgers and Hart's On Your Toes in 1936, where his program billing specified "Choreography by George Balanchine" as opposed to the usual billing of "Dances staged by". This marked the first time in Broadway history that a dance-maker received choreography billing for a Broadway musical. On Your Toes featured two ballets: La Princesse Zenobia and Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, in which a tap dancer falls in love with a dance-hall girl. Balanchine's choreography in musicals was unique at the time because it furthered the plot of the story.
Relocation to West Coast
Balanchine relocated his company to Hollywood in 1938, where he rented a white two-story house with "Kolya", Nicholas Kopeikine, his "rehearsal pianist and lifelong colleague", on North Fairfax Avenue not far from Hollywood Boulevard. Balanchine created dances for five movies, all of which featured Vera Zorina, whom he met on the set of The Goldwyn Follies and who subsequently became his second wife. He reconvened the company as the American Ballet Caravan and toured with it throughout North and South America, but it folded after several years. From 1944 to 1946, during and after World War II, Balanchine served as resident choreographer for Blum & Massine's new iteration of Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo.
Return to New York
Soon Balanchine formed a new dance company, Ballet Society, again with the generous help of Lincoln Kirstein. He continued to work with contemporary composers such as Paul Hindemith, from whom he commissioned a score in 1940 for The Four Temperaments. First performed on November 20, 1946, this modernist work was one of his early abstract and spare ballets, angular and very different in movement. After several successful performances, the most notable featuring the ballet Orpheus created in collaboration with Stravinsky and sculptor and designer Isamu Noguchi, the City of New York offered the company residency at the New York City Center.
In 1954, Balanchine created his version of The Nutcracker, in which he played the mime role of Drosselmeyer. The company has since performed the ballet every year in New York City during the Christmas season. His other famous ballets created for New York companies include Firebird, Allegro Brilliante, Agon, The Seven Deadly Sins, and Episodes.
In 1967, Balanchine's ballet Jewels displayed specific characteristics of Balanchine's choreography. The corps de ballet dancers execute rapid footwork and precise movements. The choreography is difficult to execute and all dancers must do their jobs to hold the integrity of the piece. Balanchine's use of musicality can also be seen in this work. His other famous works with New York City Ballet are popular today and are performed in the Lincoln Center by New York City Ballet: Mozartiana, Apollo, Orpheus, and A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Death
In his last years, Balanchine suffered from angina pectoris and underwent heart bypass surgery.
After years of illness, Balanchine died on April 30, 1983, aged 79, in Manhattan from Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, which was diagnosed only after his death. He first showed symptoms during 1978 when he began losing his balance while dancing. As the disease progressed, his equilibrium, eyesight, and hearing deteriorated. By 1982, he was incapacitated. The night of his death, the company went on with its scheduled performance, which included Divertimento No. 15 and Symphony in C at Lincoln Center.
Clement Crisp, one of the many writers who eulogized Balanchine, assessed his contribution: "It is hard to think of the ballet world without the colossal presence of George Balanchine ..." In his lifetime he created 465 works. Balanchine extended the traditions of classical ballet. His choreography remains the same to the present day and the School of American Ballet still uses his teaching technique. As one of the 20th century's best-known choreographers, his style and vision of ballet is interesting to many generations of choreographers.
He had a Russian Orthodox funeral, and was interred at the Oakland Cemetery at Sag Harbor, Suffolk County, New York at the same cemetery where Alexandra Danilova was later interred.
Personal life
In 1923, Balanchine married Tamara Geva, a sixteen-year-old dancer. After later parting ways with Geva, he became romantically involved with the ballerina Alexandra Danilova, from approximately 1924 to 1931. As The New York Times described their relationship in its obituary for Danilova: "She and Balanchine left the Soviet Union in 1924... Until 1931, she and Balanchine lived together as husband and wife, although they were never married. Balanchine was still officially married to another dancer, Tamara Geva, and he told Miss Danilova that because his marriage papers had been left behind in Russia, he feared it might be difficult to arrange a legal separation." He married and divorced three more times, all to women who were his dancers: Vera Zorina (1938–1946), Maria Tallchief (1946–1952), and Tanaquil LeClercq (1952–1969). He had no children by any of his marriages and no known offspring from any of his extramarital liaisons.
Biographer and intellectual historian Clive James has argued that Balanchine, despite his creative genius and brilliance as a ballet choreographer, had his darker side. In his Cultural Amnesia: Necessary Memories from History and the Arts (2007), James writes that:
Legacy and honors
With his School of American Ballet, New York City Ballet, and 400 choreographed works, Balanchine transformed American dance and created neoclassical ballet, developing a unique style with his dancers highlighted by brilliant speed and attack.
A monument at the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre in Georgia was dedicated in Balanchine's memory. A crater on Mercury was named in his honor.
George Balanchine Way is a segment of West 63rd Street (located between Columbus Avenue and Broadway) in New York City that was renamed in his honor in June 1990.
Awards
1975 French Légion d'honneur
1978 Kennedy Center Honors
1980 Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
1983 Presidential Medal of Freedom
1987 National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame (posthumously)
1988 Induction into the American Theater Hall of Fame
Kisselgoff, Anna. "Balanchine 100: The Centennial Celebration"
Selected choreographed works
1928 Apollo
1929 The Prodigal Son
1935 Serenade
1936 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue
1936 Zenobia
1936 Ziegfeld Follies of 1936
1937 Jeu de cartes
1938 The Boys from Syracuse
1940 Cabin in the Sky
1941 Concerto Barocco
1941 Tschaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 2
1942 Circus Polka
1946 La Sonnambula
1946 The Four Temperaments
1947 Symphonie Concertante
1947 Symphony in C
1947 Theme and Variations
1948 Orpheus
1948 Where's Charley?
1949 Bourrée fantasque
1949 The Firebird
1951 La Valse
1951 Swan Lake (Act 2)
1951 Courtin' Time
1952 Bayou
1952 Scotch Symphony
1954 Ivesiana
1954 Western Symphony
1956 Allegro Brillante
1956 Divertimento No. 15
1957 Agon
1957 Square Dance
1958 Gounod Symphony
1958 Stars and Stripes
1959 Episodes
1960 Donizetti Variations
1960 Liebeslieder Walzer
1960 Monumentum pro Gesualdo
1960 Ragtime (I)
1960 Tschaikovsky Pas de Deux
1961 Raymonda Variations
1962 A Midsummer Night's Dream
1963 Bugaku
1964 Tarantella
1965 Don Quixote
1965 Harlequinade
1966 Brahms–Schoenberg Quartet
1966 Variations
1967 Divertimento Brillante
1967 Jewels
Emeralds
Rubies
Diamonds
1967 Ragtime (II)
1968 Metastaseis and Pithoprakta
1968 Requiem Canticles
1968 La Source
1968 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue
1970 Tschaikovsky Suite No. 3
1970 Who Cares?
1972 Duo Concertant
1972 Pulcinella
1972 Scherzo à la Russe
1972 Stravinsky Violin Concerto
1972 Symphony in Three Movements
1973 Cortège Hongrois
1975 Le tombeau de Couperin
1975 The Steadfast Tin Soldier
1976 Chaconne
1976 Union Jack
1977 Vienna Waltzes
1978 Ballo della Regina
1978 Kammermusik No. 2
1979 Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme
1980 Robert Schumann's Davidsbündlertänze
1980 Walpurgisnacht Ballet
1981 Garland Dance
1981 Mozartiana
1982 Élégie
1982 Noah and the Flood
Notable students
Over the decades Balanchine shared his artistic insights with several of his students including:
Francisco Moncion
Nicholas Magallanes
See also
Balanchine method
Contemporary ballet
List of dancers
List of Russian ballet dancers
List of Eastern Bloc defectors
:Category: Ballets by George Balanchine
:Category:Musicals choreographed by George Balanchine
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Biography on the website of the George Balanchine Foundation
George Balanchine Catalog, including premiere date, cast, collaborators, and synopsis for all choreographic works
Timeline of Balanchine's life on the website of the George Balanchine Trust
A discussion about the Balanchine Technique with Balanchine dancer Suzanne Farrell at a July 08, 2006 PillowTalk at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
Firebird performed by Maria Tallchief and Michael Maule, Jacob's Pillow, 1951
Suzanne Farrell on Balanchine: More than Technique Jacob's Pillow, 2006
Archival footage of Nora Kaye and Hugh Laing performing in Balanchine's The Gods Go a-Begging in 1951 at Jacob’s Pillow Dance Festival.
George Balanchine: Master of the Dance American Masters, PBS, January 14, 2004
Guide to George Balanchine archive at Houghton Library, Harvard University
Articles
1904 births
1983 deaths
American people of Georgian (country) descent
American people of Russian descent
American choreographers
Ballet choreographers
Male ballet dancers from Georgia (country)
Ballet dancers from Georgia (country)
Ballet masters
Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo choreographers
Ballet teachers
George Balanchine
Ballets Russes choreographers
Choreographers of American Ballet Theatre
Choreographers of New York City Ballet
Deaths from Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
Infectious disease deaths in New York (state)
Kennedy Center honorees
New York City Ballet
Dancers from Saint Petersburg
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Russian male ballet dancers
Russian choreographers
Soviet defectors
White Russian emigrants to France
White Russian emigrants to the United States
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Vaganova graduates
| 4,816
|
71021
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasium
|
Gymnasium
|
Gymnasium may refer to:
Gymnasium (ancient Greece), educational and sporting institution
Gymnasium (school), type of secondary school that prepares students for higher education
Gymnasium (Denmark)
Gymnasium (Germany)
Gym, an indoor place for physical exercise
Outdoor gym, an outdoor place for physical exercise
Gymnasium F.C., Douglas on the Isle of Man
"Gymnasium" (song), a 1984 song by Stephen Cummings
| 112
|
54408163
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers%20%281977%20film%29
|
Brothers (1977 film)
|
Brothers is a 1977 American drama film directed by Arthur Barron and produced by Edward Lewis and Mildred Lewis. It stars Bernie Casey, Vonetta McGee, Ron O'Neal, John Lehne, Stu Gilliam, Renny Roker, Owen Pace, Dwan Smith and Martin St. Judge in the lead roles.
The film parallels the real life stories of Black radicals Angela Davis, George Jackson, and Jonathan Jackson.
This film's music is composed by Taj Mahal.
Plot summary
The film begins with the events surrounding the arrest and conviction of David Thomas on trumped up charges of armed robbery. He is sentenced to "one year to life" in prison. He is soon sent to Mendocino Prison, a facility described as "our number one concentration camp for Black" by David's brother, Josh.
In prison David is subjected to overt racism, violence, and mistreatment by guards and the administration. His cellmate, Walter Nance, provides David with a radical political education. Soon David starts organizing prisoners to fight back against the racist oppression. He starts a clandestine newsletter which is distributed and read by Black prisoners.
At the same time, Josh is working on supporting his brother in prison. Josh goes to visit Paula Jones, a revolutionary Black professor. As a result of Josh's entreaties Paula begins reading David's writings and the two begin correspondence. Paula begins to mobilize support for the brothers in Mendocino. She also begins to fall in love with David.
After a guard murders of one of the Black prisoners, the prisoners rebel. During the rebellion a guard is thrown to his death from the prison's third tier. Guards frame David and two other radical Black prisoners for the killing. During a court hearing, Josh pulls out a pistol and takes the prosecuting attorney and judge as hostages. He flees the courthouse and into a van. He is gunned down in the parking lot. In the gunfire the judge and prosecutor are also killed.
Paula, at the urging of her colleagues, decides to flee and go underground out of fear of prosecution for allegedly aiding and abetting the courthouse actions. She changes her appearance and location but is captured, likely because of a snitch.
Sometime later, at Mendocino Prison, guards engineer an agent provocateur to pretend to start an armed riot. The guards' plan seems to be to use this as an excuse to assassinate David. David realizes this and attempts to take the situation into his own hands. Tragically, he is gunned down in the prison yard.
The film ends, rather saccharinely, with all the Mendocino prisoners walking into the chow hall in racially solidarity and sitting together. The racist guards staring slack jawed and afraid.
The plot tracks closely to the real life events from the mid-1960 to early 1970 including the Marin County Civic Center rebellion, the founding of the Black Guerilla Family, the writings of George Jackson including Blood in My Eye and Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson, and the case of the Soledad Brothers.
Cast
Bernie Casey as David Thomas
Vonetta McGee as Paula Jones
Ron O'Neal as Walter Nance
John Lehne as McGee
Stu Gilliam as Robinson
Renny Roker as Lewis
Owen Pace as Joshua
Dwan Smith as Kendra
Martin St. Judge as Williams
Al Turner as Henry Taylor
Samantha Harper as Joan Kline
Carl M. Craig as Jack Browning
Sam Nudell as Attorney Sirrell
Jim Swoopes as Sen. Billings
Dick Yarmy as District Attorney Wayne
Charles Ricardo Brown as Horton
Susan Barrister as Tina
Alphonso Williams as Bill
Oliver Fletcher as Lacy
Sidney Galanty as Balaban
Joseph Havener as Warden
Cynthia Songé as Staff Girl
Mercedes Alberti as Female Guard
John Zaremba
Robert Cortes
Release
Brothers was released in theatres on August 3, 1977. The film was released on VHS on September 1, 1998 by Warner Home Video.
References
External links
1970s English-language films
1977 films
1977 drama films
American drama films
Warner Bros. films
1970s American films
| 903
|
29503213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Delta%20Factor%20%28film%29
|
The Delta Factor (film)
|
The Delta Factor is a 1970 American adventure film, co-produced and directed by Tay Garnett who co-wrote the screenplay with Raoul Walsh. It stars Christopher George and Yvette Mimieux. The film is based on the 1967 novel by Mickey Spillane.
Plot
A glamorous CIA agent, Kim Stacy, gets a new assignment. She is to work with a man named Morgan, a convict serving time for the theft of $40 million that was never recovered.
Morgan is given a chance to earn a reduced sentence by aiding in the rescue of a scientist who has been taken prisoner on a Caribbean isle. Morgan infiltrates the fortress by posing as a drug dealer. He discovers hundreds of political prisoners being held there. He also encounters Dekker, an old war comrade who stole the $40 million and framed Morgan for the crime.
Dekker is about to flee the island with Kim held at gunpoint. Morgan shoots him and boards the plane, which he and Kim fly to safety. But with her consent, grateful for Morgan's having saved her life, Kim permits him to bail out by parachute so that he can go find the $40 million.
Cast
Christopher George as Morgan
Yvette Mimieux as Kim Stacy
Diane McBain as Lisa
Ralph Taeger as Keefer
Yvonne De Carlo as Valerie
References
External links
1970 films
Films directed by Tay Garnett
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Mickey Spillane
1970s English-language films
1970s adventure films
American adventure films
1970s American films
| 341
|
65910873
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounts%20Creek%20%28Youghiogheny%20River%20tributary%29
|
Mounts Creek (Youghiogheny River tributary)
|
Mounts Creek is a long 3rd order tributary to the Youghiogheny River in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
Mount's Creek
Course
Mounts Creek rises about 2 miles northwest of Clinton, Pennsylvania, and then flows north, west, and south in a hook to join the Youghiogheny River just downstream of Connellsville.
Watershed
Mounts Creek drains of area, receives about 40.8 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 365.50, and is about 61% forested.
References
Tributaries of the Ohio River
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny Plateau
| 176
|
41780767
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvin%20Hall
|
Irvin Hall
|
Irvin Hall was the first permanent building at Highland University in Highland, Kansas. It is the oldest building in Kansas still used for higher education.
Planning
The Highland Town Company offered to give the university forty-eight additional lots and a sum of $1,200 if the board of trustees would construct a building within a three-year time span at a cost of greater than or equal value of $6,000. Samuel Irvin's plan was for the university to sell the lots at $100 per lot to get $4,800 in addition to the $1,200 provided by the company to cover the cost of the building. The building committee designed an enormous structure of four stories in the center and three stories on the wings of the building. The planned structure was to be 180 feet by 40 feet. The Bricks of the building were sourced from the old gates farm just north of highland and lumber was sourced from St. Joseph, Missouri and Doniphan, Kansas.
Groundbreaking
The Corner Stone for Irvin Hall was laid on May 11, 1858, accompanied by speeches by local leaders. One of Highland University's founders Samuel Irvin said at the laying of the cornerstone that only a few years had passed that "savage Indians" had roamed the area. he also added in his speech "now with the laying of the cornerstone civilization and education have taken the place of savagery and debauchery... he saw no reason why a Harvard or Yale College should not be built here..."
The first floor of what was supposed to be the east wing of building was completed as a one-story classroom building in 1858 in time for the school year that fall. The second floor was not finished until 1860. The rest of building was never completed as a due to lack of funds. The total cost ended up being almost double the original plan at $10,000. The Overspending on the hall put the college in debt and while it was the first financial burden on the college it certainly wouldn't be the last.
The University Building
The two-story red brick building is described as an excellent example of the Plains Vernacular style. The facade uses flat stone lintels over the windows and doors, with pilasters and a brickwork pattern on two side. The other elevations are plain in character. A flat-topped wood frame bell tower is situated on the east end.
On the ground floor the university building had two 20x40 foot classrooms, two recitation rooms, apparatus room, library and an entrance hall. On the second floor that was completed in 1860 was a 40x40 foot chapel that was used by the Highland Presbyterian Church for worship until 1888.
Iterations post 1900
Irvin Hall was rented to highland high school in 1913 for 1,750 dollars a year due to size constraints imposed by the expansion of the high school curriculum from 2 to 4 years. This agreement was ended in 1923 when the new high school was finished.
The university building was officially renamed Irvin Hall in 1925 named for Rev. Samuel M. Irvin, a missionary at the Iowa and Sac & Fox Mission State Historic Site and a founder of Highland Community College (Kansas). Irvin Hall was also renovated again in 1925 changing the floorplan to have a dining hall on the second floor, and a chem lab and a science classroom on the first.
1944-1954 Irvin was primarily used as a storage structure and the roof was allowed to degrade. The roof was replaced in 1954 and the building was electrified. The first floor was decorated to become a student union. during the renovation there wasn't enough paint to cover all the walls of the north room in the building resulting in each wall being painted a different color giving it the name of "the rainbow room".
in 1959 the library was moved from the administration building to Irvin's upper level.
After the construction of the new library building in 1966 students formed a human chain from Irvin Hall to the new library passing each book one by one down the chain. Irvin hall was again remodeled with the arts and crafts classes being moved to Irvin's ground floor and the music department being moved up to its second floor.
Around the mid 1970s Irvin was extensively renovated with the first floor of Irvin being converted into a G.E.D. and developmental reading program classroom. The second floor being remodeled and converted into offices for the coaching staff.
The present-day interior has been extensively altered since the building's completion in 1860.
Irvin Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1971.
References
External links
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
Buildings and structures completed in 1859
Buildings and structures in Doniphan County, Kansas
Historic American Buildings Survey in Kansas
National Register of Historic Places in Doniphan County, Kansas
| 1,028
|
2203373
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Gabriel%20Valley%20Council
|
San Gabriel Valley Council
|
Located in Los Angeles County, California's San Gabriel Valley, the Boy Scouts of America's San Gabriel Valley Council (#40) was one of five councils serving Los Angeles County. It was headquartered in Pasadena.
Greater Los Angeles Area Council (GLAAC) is a new Boy Scouts of America Council made from the merger of the Los Angeles Area Council and the San Gabriel Valley Council. The vote to merge was held on March 21, 2015. The new name for the council, Greater Los Angeles Area Council, was announced on June 11, 2015. The new council centers is in Los Angeles. Due to the large size of the two original councils, the merger was a process which was completed over a time span, and finished in 2017.
GLAAC has three Scout shops in Los Angeles, San Pedro and Arcadia. GLAAC operates eight BSA camps in the greater Los Angeles area.
History
With the founding of the BSA in 1910, the first goal of the San Gabriel Valley Scout leaders was to organize as new troops. Paid professionals, many of whom were YMCA leaders, were recruited to spread the new Scouting program. They were sent out into the San Gabriel Valley towns to organize new troops and recruit leaders. By March 1919, there were nine active troops with 190 boys in the SGV. The Pasadena Council (also known as the Pasadena District Council) of the Boy Scouts of America was organized March 3, 1919, with jurisdiction over Pasadena, Altadena and Lamanda Park.
A charter was granted by the BSA National Headquarters dated April 1, 1919 to the Pasadena District Council. Tallman Trask was hired to be the first Scout Executive. He had been a District Executive for the Los Angeles Council. He had also served as Los Angeles' camp director. Prior to joining the BSA, Trask was an executive for the YMCA and had run several camps for them. By October 1, 1919, there were 15 active troops with 299 scouts.
The council's name was changed in 1929 to Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley Council to better reflect the geographic area served by the council. In 1951 the name was changed to San Gabriel Valley Council to shorten it and better identify the 29 cities and towns it served.
Organization
Former districts of the San Gabriel Valley Council:
Golden Eagle District
City of Industry, Hacienda Heights, La Puente, Rowland Heights, West Covina, Valinda, Diamond Bar, Pomona and Walnut
The cities of Diamond Bar, Pomona and Walnut were added to Golden Eagle District when Old Baldy Council was split at the Los Angeles–San Bernardino county line on May 1, 2006, and was merged into the San Gabriel Valley Council and California Inland Empire Council.
Lucky Baldwin District
Arcadia, Monrovia, Sierra Madre, Azusa, Bradbury, Duarte, Irwindale, and Temple City
Mission Amigos District
Alhambra, Monterey Park, El Monte, San Gabriel, South San Gabriel and Rosemead
The city of Rosemead was part of the former El Camino Real District until 2007.
Rose Bowl District
Altadena, La Cañada Flintridge, Pasadena and San Marino
Valle De Sol District
Covina, Glendora, Charter Oak, La Verne, San Dimas and Claremont
The cities of La Verne, San Dimas and Claremont were added to Valle De Sol District when Old Baldy Council was split at the Los Angeles–San Bernardino county line on May 1, 2006, and was merged into San Gabriel Valley Council and California Inland Empire Council.
A former district called Trails of the Valley District was moved into the Lucky Baldwin District and Mission Amigos District in 2010.
Azusa, Baldwin Park, Bradbury, Duarte, Irwindale, El Monte and South El Monte
Formerly known as San Gabriel River District
The cities of El Monte and South El Monte were part of the former El Camino Real District until 2007.
Camps
Holt Scout Ranch (now closed) was an SGVC camp located in the San Bernardino Mountains. It was named in honor of Herbert Brayton Holt on June 15, 1968. The camp was previously known as Camp Cedar Canyon, and opened in 1955. In 1975, it was sold to a private party. The camp was located off SR-38. The fire access road, which started at the hairpin curve on SR-38 connected to the camp entrance road. Just before the camp entrance (where the camp director's home was located), the fire access road forked to the left to make its way up the mountain. A picture of "Old Dobbs" is on many Holt Scout Ranch items.
Camp Eaton (now closed) was formerly called Camp Cumorah Crest. It had five conference rooms; a dining hall; winterized dormitories for 125; and facilities for pool, softball, and basketball. It was located in the San Gabriel Mountains, part of the Angeles National Forest, off Hwy 2, the Angeles Crest Highway, on Sulphur Spring Road near Mt. Wilson. It was more of a conference center than a camp. It was sold when the SGVC started operating the camp at Holcomb Valley in 2005. It was named Camp Eaton, for the support of the camp from the Eaton family operators of the Forest Lawn Memorial Parks in Southern California.
Camp Huntington (now closed), opened in 1920, was at the mouth of Rubio Canyon. Many scouts would take the Pacific Electric street cars (the Red Car) and then hike to camp. The camp was started by Henry Huntington. The camp was near entrance Rubio Pavilion of the Mount Lowe Railway, closed in 1938. By the early 1960s, the city's population had expanded and there were houses built right up to the camp's fence line. It was decided to close the camp, as it was now in the town of Altadena.
Camp San Antonio (now closed) was opened on Mount Baldy until 1970. Because of the closing of Catalina Island during World War II, there was a need for a summer camp close to the council, so this camp was opened. It was located just south of the current Manker Flats Campground at 6,300 feet. Camp San Antonio was closed in the 1970s.
Holcomb Valley Scout Ranch (now closed) was a BSA camp, at elevation, located north of Big Bear Lake in the old mining district of Belleville in the Holcomb Valley on the site of the old Hitchcock Ranch. The ranch is north of the town of Fawnskin. The camp offered a week-long Oak Badge-National Youth Leadership Training class, and offered a Boy Scout summer resident camp until 2012, when the program was ended. The camp was closed a few years later. One hike offered is to the Big Bear Discovery Center. Cougar Crest hike to Bertha Peak gives views of Big Bear Lake. Spring creek trail offers a more level long hike. South of the camp, not far away, is the Pacific Crest Trail. To the east and near the camp is the public USFS Holcomb Valley Camp Ground.
Holcomb Valley Scout Ranch was formerly part of Old Baldy Council. The Scout Ranch was turned over to the San Gabriel Valley Council in 2005. The Old Baldy Council took title to the property in 1965 from William Hitchcock. The Hitchcock Ranch is still part of the Holcomb Valley Scout Ranch. Guy Reide, Old Baldy's Scout Executive (1949–1966), in 1965 worked with William Hitchcock to have the ranch turned into a Scout camp. Loren Baldwin became the first camp ranger, and Holcomb Valley held its first Boy Scout summer resident camp in 1974. The camp is named after William F. Holcomb, who discovered gold there and staked a claim in May 1860 with his partner. Holcomb became known for his marksmanship. After 10 years of prospecting he still had no major success. As food sources were diminishing, some of the prospectors hired Holcomb to hunt for grizzly bear to provide food for the long winter months. While trailing a bear up Polique Canyon he found Holcomb Valley. Tracking the injured animal, he passed a quartz ledge shining with gold.
Bonanza and many other western films and TV shows were shot in Holcomb Valley. For a short time under Old Baldy Council the camp was called "Camp Lipscomb" after US Congressman Glenard P. Lipscomb.
Trask Scout Reservation
Trask Scout Reservation is in Monrovia, California in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. It is located above the sawpit dam off of Monrovia Canyon Park. Camp Trask offers Cub Scout programs, family camp programs and Boy Scout programs on a year-round basis. The camp has a full size fort used for many program activities, called Fort Rotary. The camp is in a riparian zone ecosystem. The canyon stream and the camp are shaded by deciduous trees, white alders and bigleaf maples, evergreen canyon and coast live oaks.
History
Originally known as Monrovia Scout Reservation, Camp Trask was purchased in 1966. The camp was dedicated as Tallman H. Trask Scout Reservation on May 13, 1972.
Camp Cherry Valley
Camp Cherry Valley is a summer camp on the leeward side of Catalina Island, California, which is owned and operated by the Greater Los Angeles Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America. It is located two coves north of Two Harbors at Cherry Cove. The camp, valley, and cove get their name from the Catalina cherry trees native to the island. It also offers non-scouting programs on a year-round basis.
Ta Tanka Lodge
The San Gabriel Valley Council's Order of the Arrow lodge was the Ta Tanka Lodge (#488). In 2016 the Ta Tanka Lodge merged with the Siwinis OA Lodge to form the new lodge: Tuku'ut. Its totem is the Saber-Toothed Cat. Ta Tanka Lodge started with 120 members who chose the Sioux word ta tanka meaning "bull buffalo" as its name and as their totem a white buffalo.
The Order of the Arrow (OA) is the national honor society of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The OA's Ta Tanka Lodge has three goals: recognize outstanding Scouts, promote BSA camping and provide cheerful service to the SGVC, including its districts, Packs and Troops.
Since 1933 the Ta Tanka Lodge has hosted a weekend campout on the weekend after Thanksgiving, called Desert Caravan, held in various campgrounds in the Mojave Desert. Caravan was later moved to Labor Day weekend camp at Camp Holcomb Valley. Caravan is open to troops and families of the SGVC with events like treasure hunt, team games, dutch oven cobbler cook-off, chili cook-off and a campfire program.
Ta Tanka Lodge has four local chapters:
Hunkpapa— Lucky Baldwin and Mission Amigos Districts
Kiowa — Golden Eagle District
Oglala Lakota — Rose Bowl District
Teton Dakota — Valle Del Sol District
See also
Scouting in California
Boy Scouts of America centennial
References
External links
SGVC Venturing Facebook page
Defunct local councils of the Boy Scouts of America
Organizations based in Los Angeles County, California
Western Region (Boy Scouts of America)
Youth organizations based in California
| 2,395
|
10893416
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%2089
|
United Nations Security Council Resolution 89
|
United Nations Security Council Resolution 89, adopted on November 17, 1950, after receiving complaints from Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization regarding the implementation of the Armistice Agreements designed to end the Arab-Israeli War the Council requested the Egypt-Israel Mixed Armistice Commission give urgent attention to a complaint of expulsion of thousands of Palestinian Arabs. The Council called upon both parties to give effect to any finding by the Commission, repatriating any such Arabs who the Commission believes to be entitled to return. The Council then authorized the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization to recommend to Israel, Egypt and such other Arab States appropriate steps he may consider necessary to control the movement of nomadic Arabs across international frontiers or armistice lines by mutual agreement.
The Council called upon the governments concern to take no action involving the transfer of persons across international frontiers or armistice lines without prior consultation through the Commissions. The Council then requested that the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization report to them at the end of ninety days, or before he deems it necessary on the compliance given to this resolution and upon the status of the operations of the various Commissions. The Council finally requested that he periodically submit to the Security Council reports of all the decisions made by the various Commissions and of the Special Committee provided for in article X, paragraph 4, of the Egyptian-Israel General Armistice Agreement.
The resolution passed with nine votes to none, with two abstentions from the Kingdom of Egypt and the Soviet Union.
See also
Arab–Israeli conflict
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1 to 100 (1946–1953)
References
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
External links
0089
0089
1950 in Egypt
1948 Arab–Israeli War
0089
0089
1950 in Israel
1950 in Jordan
November 1950 events
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Palestine
| 419
|
62057688
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmenevsky
|
Ilmenevsky
|
Ilmenevsky () is a rural locality (a khutor) in Kumylzhenskoye Rural Settlement, Kumylzhensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 45 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.
Geography
Ilmenevsky is located in forest steppe, on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the bank of the Stary Khopyor River, 27 km northwest of Kumylzhenskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnoarmeysky is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kumylzhensky District
| 147
|
7899842
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%A9%20Na%C5%A1tice
|
Dolné Naštice
|
Dolné Naštice () is a village and municipality in the Bánovce nad Bebravou District of the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1295.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of and covers an area of . It has a population of about 440 people.
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1750–1895 (parish B)
See also
List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
References
External links
Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223415/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Surnames of living people in Dolne Nastice
Villages and municipalities in Bánovce nad Bebravou District
| 227
|
1010035
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%20%28drink%29
|
V (drink)
|
V is an energy drink brand produced by Frucor Suntory, a New Zealand-based beverage manufacturer. It was launched in Methven, New Zealand in August 1997 and in Australia in 1999. The product's success, a market share over 60% in New Zealand and 42% in Australia, makes it the most popular brand of energy drink in both countries. V is considered a local rival to Red Bull. Frucor says V energy drinks are not intended for children, and they are not recommended for pregnant women or people sensitive to caffeine.
Variants
V Energy (also referred to as "Green V") is the original flavour of V released in 1997.
Blue (also referred to as "Blue V") is a "mysterious" flavour introduced in October 2011 which V challenges the drinker to try and work out the flavour. V Sugar Free Blue and V Zero Sugar Blue (as of August 2023) are also currently available.
V Black was a flavour variant that was discontinued in 2013. V Black was re-released in 2018 for a limited time in New Zealand over a 6-week period. It was described as having a strong 'coffee' flavour.
V Pure is a flavour alternative released in 2016 coming from 6 Natural Ingredients; apple juice, sparkling water, lemon juice, Guarana seed extract, caffeine from green coffee beans and natural V flavour.
V added a second Sugar Free flavour in 2018, themed after summer and the tropics. This product replaced V Zero.
V Tortured Orchard Raspberry Lemonade was introduced in 2018. In 2020, this flavour was brought back as a permanent edition and rebranded to 'V Raspberry Lemonade'.
The V Energy Refresh line released in 2022, available in three flavours: Citrus Lemonade, Pineapple & Watermelon, and Green Apple Lemonade (Both Zero sugar).
V Tropical Tang released in May of 2023 and is described as "a sweet explosion of guava, pineapple and berries". Surprisingly, this new addition is currently only available in 500ml cans.
V Energy Shots
The energy shots (described as "Pocket Rockets") are claimed to be as effective as the larger cans but have an extremely bitter taste that, according to the V Pocket Rocket website, is to stop young children from drinking them.
V Iced Drinks
In 2018, V released 2 Iced Coffee and 2 Iced Chocolate drinks to the New Zealand and Australian Market.
Advertisement and promotions
The drink sponsored I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in the UK for its second series in 2003.
In April 2018, V together with donut store chain Donut King released in Australia a V flavoured donut. The donut was sold through Donut King stores nationwide and contained a gooey Guarana filling and covered in green sugar crystals.
V sponsored Back of the Y Masterpiece Television in the mid 2000s.
References
External links
Australia production of V
New Zealand production of V
Energy drinks
Products introduced in 1997
New Zealand drinks
New Zealand brands
Suntory
| 653
|
28128245
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadd7
|
Gadd7
|
gadd7 (growth arrested DNA-damage inducible gene 7) is a non-coding RNA discovered in the ovaries of the chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). Homologs have been identified in the closely related Long-tailed Dwarf Hamster (C. longicaudatus). Although the gene for this RNA contains open reading frames, translation studies found no protein product hence gadd7 has been classified as non-coding RNA.
gadd7 was previously characterised as a hydrogen peroxide-inducible transcript but has more recently been linked with lipotoxicity - where the accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissue brings about cell death. gadd7 appears to be a key element in the lipotoxicty pathway, when it is knocked out the resulting mutant is much more resistant to oxidative stress.
The proposed mechanism for gadd7's role in lipotoxicity is:
The lipid palmitate builds to high concentration within a cell
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated
This stress induces the expression of gadd7
A feed-forward mechanism occurs
ER stress brings about death of the cell
References
Further reading
External links
Non-coding RNA
| 266
|
19512180
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Etisalat%20Emirates%20Cup
|
2008–09 Etisalat Emirates Cup
|
The 2008–09 Etisalat Emirates Cup was the first staging of the Etisalat Emirates Cup , running between October 10, 2008 and April 3, 2009. The competition was won by Al Ain defeating Al Wahda in the final 1–0. 12 clubs were drawn into 3 groups of 4 teams. The winners and the best runner-up qualified for the semi-final stage.
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Semi-finals
Kickoff times are in UAE Time (UTC+4).
1st Legs
2nd Legs
Final
External links
goalzz.com - Etisalat Emirates Cup 2008
UAE League Cup seasons
Etisalat Emirates Cup
2008–09 domestic association football cups
| 165
|
61999363
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauri%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Pauri (disambiguation)
|
Pauri is a town in Uttarakhand, India.
Pauri may also refer to:
Pauri (poetry), form of poetry in Punjabi
Pauri language, a Bhil language of India
Satu Pauri, Finnish athlete
| 54
|
19520111
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Refugees%20Representation%20in%20Cyprus
|
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in Cyprus
|
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in Cyprus is an office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) opened in August 1974 upon the request of the Government of Cyprus and the Secretary-General of the United Nations. UNHCR Representation in Cyprus was designated as Coordinator of the United Nations Humanitarian Assistance for Cyprus. UNHCR was also responsible upon the request of the Cyprus Government to examine applications for refugee status.
Simultaneously, UNHCR assisted the Government in developing their national legislation and procedure for the examination of asylum claims. The law came into life in 2000 and in January 2002 the Cyprus Government started receiving and processing asylum applications.
The UNHCR Representation in Cyprus offices are located in the United Nations Protected Area (UNPA), where the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is based. Access to UNPA is restricted and tightly controlled by UNFIYP, through check points and other forms of surveillance.
History
1974–1997
UNHCR has been assisting in Cyprus since 1974. At the request of the Government of Cyprus (GoC) and the United Nations Secretary General (UN-SG), UNHCR operated programs for internally displaced persons (IDP) till 1998. This assistance included provision of housing and small industries as well as promotion of projects and bi-communal activities, in order to remedy the shortages created due to population displacements and to encourage co-operation between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots towards a unified approach as regards issues of common concern. This function lasted till 1997.
Since its establishment in 1974 and until June 1998, the UNHCR Representation in Cyprus office received a small number of applications for refugee status per year. In 1998, however, boats with persons claiming fear for their lives or serious violations of their human rights in their countries of origin started arriving in Cyprus asking for asylum.
1998–2002
Since 1998, UNHCR Cyprus has worked on its regular mandate (international refugees), as the designated authority charged with supervising the implementation of the 1951 Refugee Convention. The UN General Assembly (UN-GA) Resolution establishing UNHCR, as well as the 1951 Refugee Convention (that is binding on the Cyprus Republic), call for cooperation between the Governments and the UNHCR.
During that period, UNHCR Representation in Cyprus was heavily concentrated in supporting the efforts of the GoC to develop an asylum system and an asylum space in Cyprus. Since 1998 till 2002 UNHCR simultaneously undertook Refugee Status Determination (RSD), resettled the recognized refugees in other countries, assisted in the drafting of the national refugee legislation, assisted in the configuration of the required institutions for its implementation, and trained such institutions.
In 2002 the GoC started undertaking RSD on its own. The first Refugee Law enacted in Parliament in 2000 has been amended in 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2007 by transposing the EU directives aiming at harmonising the asylum space in the EU along common minimum standards. UNHCR has closely advised in the process of transposing each of these directives through direct guidance to the drafters (being the Asylum Service or the Attorney General office), as well as in the process of amending laws that should include sections on refugees.
Since 2002
UNHCR Cyprus undertakes RSD training each time new Eligibility Officers (EO) are recruited at the Asylum Service (thereafter AS) and Reviewing Authority (thereafter RA –an independent body). In addition, it trains cadets in the police academy twice a year as well as holding refreshment sessions for immigration police once a year. Advice on individual cases and on-the-job training are also part of the UNHCR training activities.
UNHCR contributed to the development of the European Refugee Fund (ERF -managed by the Ministry of Interior) annual and multi-annual strategy for Cyprus and participated in the selection committee for ERF project awards in 2005 and 2006. In 2006, it undertook the training of civil servants coming in contact with asylum seekers and refugees, and the training of teachers on asylum as a human right in the context of a project on European citizenship. UNHCR has closely advised the AS and the RA in particular towards sound policy and practice towards applicants from Iraq and Palestine in light of the particular current circumstances.
UNHCR assisted in the transposition of the EU directive on the minimum standards for the reception conditions (transposed in December 2005), the transposition of the EU qualifications directive (transposed in July 2006), and of the EU procedures directive. This process entailed the provision of a written commentary on the draft law, presenting views in the various sessions as called by the Parliament, providing written statements to the Parliament when these are necessary to complement the oral statements, conducting sessions with members of the committees as requested. Similar tasks have been performed in regards to other minor directives and amendments to national legislation related to asylum (such as the public allowance law and the legal aid law).
UNHCR also conducts surveys regarding the situation of persons of concern. In 2004, the office conducted several meetings with refugees residing in Cyprus and issued a report “The Situation of Refugees in Cyprus from a Refugee Perspective”. It also undertook a participatory assessment among refugees, persons granted subsidiary protection, and asylum seekers in November 2005. The participatory assessment was updated from June until September 2006 and focused specifically on female refugees and asylum seekers.
UNHCR Representation in Cyprus undertook the following surveys: in the first quarter of 2006 on the use of lawyers by asylum seekers, from September until December on the quality of public allowance among those a/s and refugees who succeed in receiving it, from February through June 2007 on the enjoyment of public allowance and other entitlements by Iraqi refugees and persons granted subsidiary protection and in 2008 on the training needs of refugees and persons granted subsidiary protection.
Activities
World Refugee Day
To mark WRD, the Representation organized a cultural evening which was opened by the First Lady of the Republic of Cyprus and addressed by the President of the Palestinian community in Cyprus who shared her refugee experience. Young refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Palestinians ex Iraq shared their experience through photos and music. Cypriot students displayed a short theatrical performance which addressed asylum, migration and xenophobia.
The event encouraged the interaction of refugees with the local community and vice versa. Such events tend to enhance the process of integration and the feeling of belonging in the new community. For the local community this was an opportunity to see a different picture of refugees, one which is usually not portrayed by the majority of the media.
On this year's World Refugee Day, a special session of the Youth Parliament on the theme “Children Refugees – Children Immigrants – The Cypriot Reality” took place at the House of Representatives. The young parliamentarians presented their findings on issues affecting the children of asylum seekers, recognized refugees and immigrants residing in Cyprus. The special session was the result of a collaboration between the UNHCR and the local NGO Pancyprian Council for Children's Welfare. Preparations for the session commenced beginning of 2010. All proposals were also passed to the attendees of the special session.
Assisting refugees in integration mentoring programs
In addition, the UNHCR Representation in Cyprus has developed a number of mentoring programmes and integration processes:
Coaching: In collaboration with several private companies, the Representation has initiated a voluntary coaching program that aims to familiarize refugees with Cypriot working culture through the improvement of their communication and presentation skills. A related story can be found on the blog: www.unhcr-Cyprus.blogspot.com
Language programs: In collaboration with the School of Modern Greek at the University of Cyprus, the Representation secures placements for recognized refugees to receive intensive language courses through generous fee waiving.
Information Centre: In an effort to facilitate the integration process of refugees, the Representation is also temporarily acting as an information centre, collecting and disseminating all possible information and announcements in relation to language, computer programs and other possibilities for vocational training in Nicosia and other areas.
Employment Opportunities: In an attempt to enhance awareness and understanding of the employment rights of refugees, the Representation has collaborated with the Cyprus Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Cyprus Employers and Industrialists Federation, both of which have published an article in their monthly publication with regards to refugee employment rights.
Plans
In the years to come, UNHCR Cyprus will continue its activities aimed at enhancing the protection space for asylum seekers and refugees. At the same time, it is equally important to continue sharing information, policies and know-how with governmental and non-governmental actors with a view to improve their capacity to respond to the needs of asylum seekers and refugees.
UNHCR Cyprus would like to see more lawyers providing high quality counselling to asylum applicants, either through free legal counselling (as an in-kind contribution) by registered lawyers or through further development of NGO capacity. It will also pursue more projects to enhance the understanding of the refugee problem among the Cypriot society. Misinformation in the country of asylum will only exacerbate the suffering of refugees, who have already experienced enough pain after having lost their homes and loved ones as a result of who they are or what they believe. UNHCR representation in Cyprus has in addition a mandate to mobilize resources, both for the country field operations as well as for the UNHCR's operations around the world.
Functions
Ensure adherence to international refugee law standards
UNHCR contributes technical and worldwide expertise to the Cypriot Government in the processing of individual examination of applications for asylum, with the aim to ensure that the decisions are in accordance with international human rights standards. For this same purpose, UNHCR partially funds NGOs to provide gender based assistance, as well as legal advice to carefully selected asylum applicants for their appeals and access to the rights granted in the national law.
Government advice
UNHCR advises governments by providing comments on related legislative drafts, such as on the transposition of EU directives for the harmonization of the European refugee system.
Training
UNHCR provides training to actors involved in the protection of refugees (police officers, officers who examine applications for refugee status, lawyers, civil servants responsible for the effective implementation of the related rights, etc.) and advocates for the improvement of the quality of the asylum system. UNHCR provides legal aid to well selected asylum applicants through a project undertaken by an NGO called Future Worlds Center.
Legal aid became available for asylum seekers and refugees in 2009, subsequent to an amendment of the Legal Aid Law. In particular, the Law now allows for the provision of legal aid in recourses to the Supreme Court against a negative decision by the Asylum Service (before the decision is challenged by the Reviewing Authority), or a negative decision by the Reviewing Authority. Legal aid will only be provided for recourses at a first instance at the Supreme Court, not for subsequent revisory appeals and there must be a possibility of a positive decision on the appeal, i.e. to prove that the applicant has a good case.
An asylum seeker interested in order to activate an entitlement to legal aid, he/she must submit an application to the District Court. The District Court shall grant the legal aid where two conditions are met:
(a) a report by the Welfare Office states that the financial situation of the applicant (or the guardian of a dependent applicant) is such, that he/she is not able to pay their own legal fees and (b) that the case is deemed to be of such a seriousness that it calls for legal aid in the best interests of justice.
Although provisions for legal aid have been introduced for asylum seekers, the access to legal aid is highly restricted due to the lengthy and legally complex procedure of submitting and assessing the application, which includes proving the applicant has a good case. This renders access to legal aid almost impossible without the assistance of a legal advisor.
Supervision
As in all countries, UNHCR Cyprus has a supervisory role under the 1951 Refugee Convention in ensuring that the rights of asylum seekers and refugees are duly respected. That means in practice, having access to the asylum procedures, to adequate housing, food, medical treatment and to integration as a long term solution to the refugee plight.
Awareness
UNHCR informs and sensitizes the public on the problem of refugees around the world, and in Cyprus, by disseminating information to the media, and reviewing media reports on asylum seekers and refugees to ensure accuracy of facts. Public awareness can only have a positive impact on the public understanding.
In order to sensitize the general public in Cyprus towards the refugee cause and to prevent xenophobic attitudes and promote tolerance, UNHCR organises public awareness activities (e.g. photo or other exhibitions, concerts, etc.) In reaching young people, UNHCR promotes school activities and disseminates educational material to educators in co-operation with governmental and non-governmental partners.
Refugee issues in Cyprus
Cyprus has been a destination for a consistently increasing number of regular and irregular immigrants. According to national sources, the estimated number of irregular migrants in Cyprus is 50,000. Cyprus enacted national refugee legislation in January 2000 and its asylum institutions started conducting Refugee Status Determination (RSD) in 2002. In 2007, 6,789 persons submitted asylum applications and in 2008, 3,922 persons applied for asylum. The number of the asylum-seekers pending to be examined at the end of 2009 was 5,275. Cyprus and Malta rank first among the industrialized countries in the per capita number of asylum applications.
In principle, asylum-seekers are not denied access to Cyprus. Most asylum-seekers, however, do not try to enter the country through official channels, in order to avoid the risk of not being admitted. While the Asylum Service (the first instance body that examines asylum applications and the coordinating body on asylum seekers’ issues) has made considerable progress in setting up the structures and the processes to ensure quality decisions, the reality remains that the number of Eligibility Officers (EOs) against the number of applicants is still objectively insufficient. This is clearly substantiated by the fact that at the end of 2008, there were 8,005 cases pending to be decided.
Other problems related to refugees issues in Cyprus are the following:
Asylum lawyers are virtually non-existent and provision of free legal counselling by NGOs is insufficient
The high number of asylum applicants has caused difficulties for the welfare services to provide for the minimum reception conditions as set out in the Reception Condition Regulations of 2005.
Labour offices are to refer asylum seekers to jobs but the number of referrals is very low.
Integration programs such as language and vocational training appear to be insufficiently disseminated among asylum seekers and refugees. Moreover, the practical difficulties faced by refugees are not sufficiently taken into account when it comes to the organization of such programs.
There are no alternatives to administrative detention.
There is only one reception center in the country with a capacity limited to 80 people.
Regarding the situation in the north part of Cyprus which the Government of Cyprus does not have de facto control, there are no socio-economic data available. Persons of certain nationalities are detained and deported as soon as possible, most of the time without being given an opportunity to distinguish irregular migrants from persons suffering persecution. The overwhelming majority of those individuals who succeed in entering into the north without being detected, cross the "Green Line" and apply to the Government of Cyprus. Applicants in the north are examined by UNHCR.
See also
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in India
United Nations
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
Cypriot refugees
Green Line (Cyprus)
Refugee
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
Republic of Cyprus
Cyprus dispute
References
UNHCR Official web site
UNHCR Official web site link to Cyprus
UNHCR Representation in Greece official web site
"UNHCR in Cyprus at a glance", UNHCR Representation in Cyprus.
"Activities of UNHCR in Cyprus under its mandate from 1998 - 2002", UNHCR Representation in Cyprus.
UNHCR Representation in Cyprus various documents.
External links
UNHCR Official web site
UNHCR Representation in Cyprus blog
UNHCR Official web site link to Cyprus
UNHCR Representation in Greece official web site
E-game taxidifygis official web site (translated in Greek)
English version (againstallodds) of E-game taxidifygis official web site
Internship opportunities in UNHCR Cyprus
Cyprus: The twisted reality behind the statistics
Cypriot refugees
United Nations operations in Cyprus
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1974 establishments in Cyprus
Diplomatic missions in Cyprus
| 3,458
|
29530283
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Fareham%20Borough%20Council%20election
|
1998 Fareham Borough Council election
|
The 1998 Fareham Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Fareham Borough Council in Hampshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.
After the election, the composition of the council was
Liberal Democrat 16
Conservative 14
Labour 8
Others 4
Election result
Ward results
References
1998
1998 English local elections
1990s in Hampshire
| 96
|
41123620
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lih%20Kolam
|
Lih Kolam
|
Lih Kolam (, also Romanized as Līh Kolām; also known as Likolom) is a village in Owshiyan Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 216, in 58 families.
References
Populated places in Rudsar County
| 80
|
67640538
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia%20K.%20Baum
|
Julia K. Baum
|
Julia Kathleen Baum (born 1976) is a Canadian marine biologist. In 2017, she was named to the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists. She was awarded a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation in 2017 and an EWR Steacie Fellowship in 2018.
Early life and education
Baum was born in 1976. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in biology from McGill University and enrolled at the University of British Columbia for her graduate degrees. Baum eventually transferred to Dalhousie University to work alongside Ransom A. Myers and complete her MSc and PhD. Baum wrote her thesis on the declining shark population and subsequently received the Governor General's Academic Medal. Upon graduating, Baum completed a two year David H. Smith Conservation Research post-doctoral fellowship at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, followed by a Schmidt Ocean Institute postdoctoral fellowship at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis.
Career
In 2009, Baum began studying the effects that fishing practices have on coral reefs in Kiritimati. As a professor at the University of Victoria, she was named among 126 recipients of the 2012 Sloan Fellowships from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The fellowship included a $50,000 grant, which she would use to explore the impact of fishing on the life of predatory species. Later that year, she was one of three co-organizers of the Ecology@UVic group to plan bi-weekly meetings for journal-group discussions and informal seminars on the topic of ecology. A few days later, Baum received A $72,000 grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation to create a marine ecology and conservation centre.
Following the 2015–2016 Marine heatwave that caused mass coral bleaching and mortality on reefs around the world, Baum began researching how to assist the different species of reef fishes in recovering. As a result of her efforts, Baum was elected a Member of the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists and Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation. She was also one of six university faculty members to be awarded the 2018 E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for "outstanding and highly promising faculty who are earning a strong international reputation for original research."
During the COVID-19 pandemic, she co-authored a study in Ecological Applications which identified 170,000 individual fishes of 245 different species of reef fishes at 16 reefs on Christmas Island, before, during, and after the heatwave. Later, Baum led the first study that found the reefs could recover from the bleaching when they were not simultaneously exposed to other types of human-caused stressors, such as water pollution. In July 2020, Baum released a study claiming that sharks were "functionally extinct" in nearly 20 per cent of the world's coral reefs.
References
External links
Living people
1976 births
McGill University alumni
Dalhousie University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Canadian marine biologists
| 640
|
29478082
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20Hochheimer
|
Dieter Hochheimer
|
Dieter Hochheimer (born 24 September 1952 in Hattersheim am Main) is a former German football player and manager.
Playing career
Hochheimer played three games for the German U-16 in 1968, the year he moved to Kickers Offenbach. He also played a game in the under 19 youth national team in 1970. After four years at the Bieberer Berg, he was signed by Hamburger SV. However, in Hamburg, he was limited to just a handful of cup outings, having not made a league appearance in two seasons. In 1974, Hochheimer moved to 1. SC Göttingen 05 in the 2. Bundesliga-Nord where he made 73 appearances before transferring to Tennis Borussia Berlin. In West Berlin, he played 109 league games, including 17 in the Bundesliga. He played a further 93 games for VfL Osnabrück where he finished his playing career.
Coaching career
After retiring, Hochheimer became the coach of the Edmonton Eagles in the Canadian Professional Soccer League and was head coach of the California Kickers until 1991.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
People from Main-Taunus-Kreis
Footballers from Darmstadt (region)
German men's footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Kickers Offenbach players
Hamburger SV players
Tennis Borussia Berlin players
VfL Osnabrück players
German football managers
| 345
|
59917348
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20the%20Eiffel%20Tower
|
Under the Eiffel Tower
|
Under the Eiffel Tower is a 2018 comedy film directed by Archie Borders and written by Borders, David Henry and Judith Godrèche. The film stars Matt Walsh, Judith Godrèche, Reid Scott, Michaela Watkins, David Wain, Dylan Gelula, Gary Cole, and Ary Abittan. The film premiered at the Berkshire International Film Festival on June 3, 2018. It was released on February 8, 2019, by The Orchard.
Plot
The film opens with Stuart being fired for his excessive bourbon drinking. His friend invites the depressed Stuart to join his family on a trip to Paris. Under the Eiffel Tower, 50-something Stuart proposes to 26 year-old Rosalind. She is shocked and declines, considering Stuart to be only a friend. Greatly embarrassed Stuart decides to return home.
At the airport, Stuart meets Liam and tells him the story of what happened and Liam persuades Stuart to come and travel with him by train across France. On the train Liam, a recently divorced Scotsman, and Stuart meet Louise, a French winemaker, as she sits in the train carriage with Stuart and Liam. The three depart the train and all have dinner together. Liam offers to pay for dinner but his card is declined. Stuart gives up his engagement ring to secure the bill. The two men spend the night on park benches. That day they join a tour group that happens to tour Louise's winery. The guys meet Gerard, whom Louise cares for. Stuart cooks dinner and the guys spend the night at the winery. Louise sleeps with the younger Liam, but the next day spends all her time with Stuart.
Stuart, a salesman, calls his boss and asks for his job back if he buys the French winery. He also asks his boss to mail a case of bourbon to Max to get his engagement ring released. The guys stay for Gerard's birthday party, for which Stuart cooks a lamb dinner. That night, Louise sleeps with Stuart. Everyone sees them as a perfect match. Stuart is crushed to learn Louise and Gerard are married. Liam is betrayed, and has a fistfight with Stuart. Louise also feels betrayed by Stuart's efforts to buy the vineyard. Gerard unexpectedly dies. Stuart flies home, and Louise closes the winery.
Stuart is miserable, and Louise will not return any calls. He gets on a plane and returns to France to see the woman he loves. The winery sale to Stuart's boss is completed, and he and Louise reconcile.
Cast
Matt Walsh as Stuart
Judith Godrèche as Louise
Reid Scott as Liam
Michaela Watkins as Tillie
David Wain as Frank
Dylan Gelula as Rosalind
Gary Cole as Gerard
Ary Abittan as Frederic
Reception
A review in The Hollywood Reporter said that Walsh "makes an unlikely but effective transition to leading man" and that the film "has a sweetness that's impossible to entirely resist". In a New York Times review the film was described as having a "dumb opening".
References
External links
2018 films
American comedy films
2018 comedy films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
| 667
|
37774138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20Bank%20Building
|
Lincoln Bank Building
|
The Lincoln Bank Building is a building on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 2012.
Background
Lincoln National Bank was established in 1917 by Harry Pence, a local automobile magnate, and a number of other backers. They had planned to name it the "Second National Bank", but the Treasury Department refused that name since they were not actually the second bank organized. Pence adopted the name of Abraham Lincoln because, "it carries with it his well-known characteristics of strength, ability, fidelity, firmness, faithfulness, loyalty, conservatism, etc., attributes very desirable in a national bank."
Locations
The bank's location was chosen to provide service to the automobile trade and similar businesses along Hennepin Avenue at the time, along with the nearby warehouse district and the markets along Second Avenue North. The established financial district in Minneapolis was along Marquette Avenue, two blocks to the east, but Pence saw the value in providing a bank with its mission "to take care of the automobile business and, in general, to serve downtown Hennepin Avenue business interests."
The original home for the bank was at 809 Hennepin Avenue, but the bank's business grew so well that larger quarters were needed. Lincoln National Bank had also established an affiliate, Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. In 1919, Harry Pence announced plans to build a new bank building at 730 Hennepin Avenue, directly across 8th Street from his Pence Automobile Company Building. The new building was designed by Long, Lamoreaux and Long, the same architects as the earlier building, and was completed for a cost of about $1 million. The eight-story building opened on August 9, 1921, and housed both the Lincoln National Bank and the Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. The seven upper floors of the building were leased out for offices.
Branch offices
In 1921, Daniel Richard Crissinger was appointed as the Comptroller of the Currency and shifted the regulatory stance on national banks. Previous comptrollers did not allow national banks to establish branch offices, but the new comptroller decided that, "there was no restriction on the number of branch offices a bank could establish as long as they were within the city limits mentioned in its charter." As a result, the two largest banks, Northwestern National Bank (now Wells Fargo) and First National Bank (now U.S. Bank) started acquiring smaller banks and turning them into branch offices.
The Lincoln National Bank and Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank were acquired by Northwestern National Bank, in a move that promised customers business "as usual and with practically the same people, but with the added advantages of doing business with the Northwestern National Bank and its entire facilities, both as to domestic and foreign business."
Residential conversion
In 2013, the Lincoln Bank Building was approved for the residential development of its top seven floors.
References
Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Commercial buildings completed in 1921
National Register of Historic Places in Minneapolis
| 637
|
72679536
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Eminent%20Monks%20of%20the%20Wanli%20Era
|
Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli Era
|
The Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli Era (traditional Chinese: 萬曆四高僧; pinyin: Wànlì Sì Gāosēng; Wade–Giles: Wan-li Ssu Kao-seng) refers to four prominent monks known of the Wanli Era (1573–1620). They were well-known for their ecumenism, arguing for the compatibility of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism, but emphasising the superiority of Buddhism over the latter two. They were:
Hanshan Deqing (憨山德清; 1546–1623)
Daguan Zhenke (達觀真可; 1543–1603)
Yunqi Zhuhong (雲棲株宏;1535–1615)
Ouyi Zhixu (蕅益智旭; 1599–1655)
According to Jiang Wu, the Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli era "set their minds on scholasticism and meditation without interest in expanding their influence on monastic institutions," and thus, their influence did not largely extend into the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). In contrast, the monastics of the transitional period between the Ming and Qing attempted to reintroduce the classical Chan techniques of "beating and shouting" and "unreasonable emphasis on the strictness of dharma transmission," which Wu suggests was a surface narrative underlying the facade of strong instutionalisation and lineage building by monks such as Miyun Yuanwu, Feiyin Tongrong, and Muchen Daomin.
References
Ming dynasty Buddhist monks
| 376
|
39418104
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Wrba
|
Georg Wrba
|
Georg Wrba (3 January 1872 – 9 January 1939) was a German sculptor and graphic artist. He created some 3,000–4,000 works, including as a collaborator of the Zwinger workshop.
Life
Wrba was born in Munich in 1872, the son of a smith. His younger brother Max Wrba became an architect in Dresden.
Wrba began his training with Jakob Bradl the Elder and his son Jakob Bradl the Younger. From 1891 to 1896, he studied at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste München under Syrius Eberle.
After some time spent in Italy (with Egon Rheinberger), a trip made possible by a travel award from Prince Regent Luitpold, he settled in Munich as an independent sculptor in 1897 and became director of the city's school of sculpture.
In 1906 and 1907, he worked in Berlin, where he created sculptures for buildings for the architects Ludwig Hoffmann and Alfred Messel.
Wrba then moved to Dresden, where from 1907 to 1930 he taught at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. He brought the Dresden school of sculpture into contact with the reforming ideas of the Deutscher Werkbund and was a founding member of the Dresden Artists' Association, known as "Die Zunft" ("The Guild"). The basic aim of the "Werkbund", and also of "Die Zunft", was to achieve a collaboration between and integration of various forms of art, rejecting ornamentation for its own sake: painting and sculpture were to form integral parts of architecture.
In Dresden he made, among many other works, the Marie Gey Fountain near the Dresden Hauptbahnhof in the Südvorstadt, which was donated by a Dr. Heinze for his wife, a student at the Kunstakademie, who had died young. In 1910 Wrba agreed a contract for the restoration and completion of the missing parts of the Zwinger, for which he directed the work of 53 sculptors from 1911 to 1933, and himself created many groups of figures modelled from the life.
Wrba died on 9 January 1939 in Dresden, where a street is named after him. He is buried in the Munich Waldfriedhof.
Selected works
Georg Wrba's works principally comprise sculptures for buildings and fountains, and small-scale figures.
1899: Seal Fountain (Seehund-Brunnen) (bronze), Berlin, in the inner courtyard of the Rudolf Virchow Clinic
1899: sculptural decoration on the fountain of the Bismarck Tower (Bismarckturm) on the Starnberger See
c. 1900: figures and carvings in St. Maximilian's Church, Munich
1900: Diana auf der Hirschkuh ("Diana on a Doe"), Kunsthalle Bremen
1900: Europa auf dem Stier ("Europa on the Bull"), Kunsthalle Bremen
1902: Warriors' Fountain (Kriegerbrunnen) in Nördlingen
1902: façade decoration on the extension building of the Kunsthalle Bremen
1905: St. Mang Fountain in Kempten
1905: marble bust of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
1906: equestrian statue of Otto I von Wittelsbach, Wittelsbach Bridge, München
1906: Chicken Fountain (Hennebrunnen) in Aschersleben
1906–1908: putti for the Villa Wollner in Dresden
1906–1911: contributions to the decorative building sculptures on the Altes Stadthaus in Berlin, including "Allegories of the Civic Virtues" and the decor of the banqueting hall (Bärensaal – "Bears' Hall")
1907: allegorical bronze group on top of the Charlottenburg Gate by the Charlottenburg Bridge, Berlin (melted down)
1907: two marble portals with allegories in the entrance hall of the Kaufhaus des Westens in Berlin
1907: portraits of Georg Treu, Hans Erlwein, Otto Gussmann, Cornelius Gurlitt, Fritz Schumacher, Martin Dülfer
1908: altar figure of "The Good Shepherd" in the Church of the Reconciliation, Dresden
1909: Bismarck Fountain on the market place in Arnstadt
1910: group of "Bacchus on a Drunken Donkey" and two sitting bronze lions with shields on the east side, and the Hietzig Fountain on the west side, of the Neues Rathaus in Dresden
1910: figure of Aphrodite on the Marie Gey Fountain in the Friedrich-List-Platz in Dresden
1910: relief of "Siegfried's Entrance into Worms" on the Cornelianum in Worms
1910: bronze lions in front of the Neues Rathaus in Dresden
1911: Rathaus Fountain at the Neues Rathaus in Dresden
1912/1913: contributions to the Märchenbrunnen in the Volkspark Friedrichshain in Friedrichshain, Berlin
1911–1933: artistic director of the restoration works on the Zwinger, Dresden
1917: "Large Bathing Figures" (Große Badende) on a mussel shell (bronze) for a country house in Klein Flottbek owned by Max Emden; since 1928 on the Roman-style bathing pool of the palazzo of Max Emden on the Brissago Islands on Lake Maggiore, Switzerland
1911: bronze bust of Peter von Klemperer
1912: sculptural decorations on the Erker, the doorways and the fountain in the courtyard of the Rappolthaus in Hamburg
1918: Diana on a Doe, Stadtpark Hamburg
1918: Large Bathing Figures (Große Badende), Aschersleben
1918: portrait bust of Max Klinger
1921: statuette "Longing of Love" (Liebessehnsucht), Gera Art Gallery
1922: bronze bust of Carl Zeiß
1922: Europa Fountain on the Königsheimplatz in Dresden
1922: statuette "Naked Dancer" (Nackte Tänzerin), Bleichert Collection, Leipzig
1922: bronze bust of Gerhart Hauptmann
1922: "Small Sitting Figure arranging her Hair" (Kleine Sitzende, Haar ordnend)
1923: bronze bust of Alfred Tiedemann
1924: "The Kiss" (Der Kuss), in private ownership
1925–1930: monument to the fallen of World War I in the old graveyard in Wurzen, with Oswin Hempel and Arthur Lange (1875–1929)
1926: Mönckeberg Fountain in Hamburg (WV 273); construction of the fountain (to designs made in collaboration with the architect Fritz Schumacher) 1914–1920; completion of the side bronze figures 1926 (badly damaged in 1944; the lion was reconstructed by the Hamburg sculptor Philipp Harth in 1965)
1927: "Contemplating Figure" (Die Sinnende), in private ownership
1927: group of figures "Widow with two Children" (Witwe mit zwei Kindern) for the war memorial in Radebeul
1928: "Runner" (Läufer), in private ownership
1929: "Death the Cutter" (Der Schnitter Tod) for the crematorium in Forst
1929: market fountain in Rochlitz
1930/1934: gravestones for Bruno Steglich and the Wiede family in the graveyard of Trebsen
1932: large group of architectural sculpture inside the cathedral (Dom) in Wurzen
Further reading
Drago Bock: Es sucht seinesgleichen. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Ausgabe Wurzen, 10 May 2010
Günter Kloss: Georg Wrba (1872–1939). Ein Bildhauer zwischen Historismus und Moderne (= Studien zur internationalen Architektur- und Kunstgeschichte, Band 2.) Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 1998
Thomas Pöpper (ed.): Georg Wrba (1872–1939). Im Schatten der Moderne Plöttner Verlag, Leipzig 2009
Rolf Günther: Der Symbolismus in Sachsen 1870–1920.= Dresden, Sandstein, 2005
External links
article on Georg Wrba in Stadtwiki Dresden
www.cultuurarchief.nl: Ruud van Capelleveen – Georg Wrba (2006)
www.bildhauerei-in-berlin.de: Information on five works by Wrba in Berlin
Gunther Trentzsch: Brunnen in Dresden – eine Auswahl
Historical photographs of Max Emden's villa on the Brissago Islands, Lake Maggiore; sculpture of "Bathing Woman" (Die Badende) at the Bagno Romano
Notes and references
Academic staff of the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts
Artists from Munich
1872 births
1939 deaths
19th-century German sculptors
German male sculptors
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century German male artists
| 2,019
|
18243068
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20of%20Norway%2C%20Moscow
|
Embassy of Norway, Moscow
|
The Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Norway in the Russian Federation. It is located at 7 Povarskaya Street () in the Arbat district of Moscow.
See also
Norway–Russia relations
Diplomatic missions in Russia
References
External links
Embassy of Norway in Moscow
Norway–Russia relations
Norway
Moscow
Norway–Soviet Union relations
Arbat District
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Moscow
| 104
|
9116004
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading%20sire%20in%20France
|
Leading sire in France
|
The list below shows the leading Thoroughbred sire of racehorses in France for each year since 1887. This is determined by the amount of prize money won by the sire's progeny during the season. Due to the huge prize money of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, the sire of the winner of that race typically wins the title of the Leading Sire in France.
1887 - Hermit (1)
1888 - Le Destrier (1)
1889 - Saxifrage (1)
1890 - Atlantic (1)
1891 - Energy (1)
1892 - Energy (2)
1893 - Perplexe (1)
1894 - The Bard (1)
1895 - Le Sancy (1)
1896 - Clover (1)
1897 - Le Sancy (2)
1898 - Cambyse (1)
1899 - War Dance (1)
1900 - Le Sancy (3)
1901 - The Bard (2)
1902 - Omnium II (1)
1903 - Le Sancy (4)
1904 - Flying Fox (1)
1905 - Flying Fox (2)
1906 - Le Sagittaire (1)
1907 - Perth (1)
1908 - Perth (2)
1909 - Rabelais (1)
1910 - Simonian (1)
1911 - Perth (3)
1912 - Simonian (2)
1913 - Flying Fox (3)
1914 - Prestige (1)
1915 -
1916 - Sans Souci (1)
1917 - Maintenon (1)
1918 -
1919 - Rabelais (2)
1920 - Alcantara (1)
1921 - Bruleur (1)
1922 - Sardanapale (1)
1923 - Teddy (1)
1924 - Bruleur (2)
1925 - Sans Souci (2)
1926 - Rabelais (3)
1927 - Sardanapale (2)
1928 - Alcantara (2)
1929 - Bruleur (3)
1930 - Kircubbin (1)
1931 - Ksar (1)
1932 - Massine (1)
1933 - Apelle (1)
1934 - Astérus (1)
1935 - Blandford (1)
1936 - Fiterari (1)
1937 - Mon Talisman (1)
1938 - Bubbles (1)
1939 - Pharos (1)
1940 - Tourbillon (1)
1941 - Biribi (1)
1942 - Tourbillon (2)
1943 - Pinceau (1)
1944 - Pharis (1)
1945 - Tourbillon (3)
1946 - Prince Rose (1)
1947 - Goya II (1)
1948 - Goya II (2)
1949 - Djebel (1)
1950 - Deux Pour Cent (1)
1951 - Prince Bio (1)
1952 - Fair Copy (1)
1953 - Sayani (1)
1954 - Sunny Boy (1)
1955 - Admiral Drake (1)
1956 - Djebel (2)
1957 - Tifinar (1)
1958 - Vieux Manoir (1)
1959 - Vandale (1)
1960 - Prince Chevalier (1)
1961 - Wild Risk (1)
1962 - Tantieme (1)
1963 - Le Haar (1)
1964 - Wild Risk (2)
1965 - Tantieme (2)
1966 - Sicambre (1)
1967 - Prince Taj (1)
1968 - Prince Taj (2)
1969 - Snob (1)
1970 - Sheshoon (1)
1971 - Traffic (1)
1972 - Sanctus (1)
1973 - Val de Loir (1)
1974 - Val de Loir (2)
1975 - Val de Loir (3)
1976 - Luthier (1)
1977 - Caro (1)
1978 - Lyphard (1)
1979 - Lyphard (2)
1980 - Riverman (1)
1981 - Riverman (2)
1982 - Luthier (2)
1983 - Luthier (3)
1984 - Luthier (4)
1985 - Crystal Palace (1)
1986 - Arctic Tern (1)
1987 - Nureyev (1)
1988 - Kenmare (1)
1989 - Kenmare (2)
1990 - Saint Cyrien (1)
1991 - Green Dancer (1)
1992 - Fabulous Dancer (1)
1993 - Sadler's Wells (1)
1994 - Sadler's Wells (2)
1995 - Highest Honor (1)
1996 - Fairy King (1)
1997 - Nureyev (1)
1998 - Linamix (1)
1999 - Sadler's Wells (3)
2000 - Highest Honor (2)
2001 - Danehill (1)
2002 - Highest Honor (3)
2003 - Darshaan (1)
2004 - Linamix (2)
2005 - Montjeu (1)
2006 - Dansili (1)
2007 - Danehill (2)
2008 - Zamindar (1)
2009 - Cape Cross (1)
2010 - King's Best (1)
2011 - Lomitas (1)
2012 - Poliglote (1)
2013 - Motivator (1)
2014 - Dansili (2)
2015 - Dubawi (1)
2016 - Galileo (1)
2017 - Nathaniel (1)
2018 - Nathaniel (2)
2019 - Galileo (2)
2020 - Siyouni (1)
2021 - Siyouni (2)
2022 - Frankel (1)
References
tbheritage.com
See also
Leading sire in Australia
Leading sire in Germany
Leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland
Leading sire in Japan
Leading broodmare sire in Japan
Leading sire in North America
Leading broodmare sire in Great Britain & Ireland
Leading broodmare sire in North America
Horse racing in France
| 1,332
|
74090818
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20Fashion%20Show
|
Paper Fashion Show
|
The Paper Fashion Show, is a fundraising fashion show and competition involving outfits made almost entirely from paper, held annually in Denver.
History
The first Paper Fashion Show was held in 2005 at the Cervantes Ballroom, it was hosted by drag queen comedians and included 25 paper designs. In 2018, the show was incorporated into a day of Denver Fashion Week. In 2020 and 2021 the show was put on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic, returning in 2022 for the 16th annual show.
Details
The event is the largest paper based fashion event in the United States. Organized by the local Denver chapter of The One Club For Creativity, portion of the proceeds go towards Downtown Aurora Visual Arts an organization that provides after-school art programs for at-risk youth.
Entries into the contest are submitted by either solo or as a team, requirements include maneuverability, and a 90% paper to other material ratio. An alternating judge panel of Denver area designers and creatives selects a 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-place winner, other awards have changed through the years, including, Star Student Award, Art Director's Spirit, DAVA's Choice, and Audience Favorite. The program has included both drag and dance performances.
The Paper Fashion Show sponsors typically include paper producers, such as Xpedx, Mohawk Paper, and Spicer's Paper, who supply paper for the designers to use.
1st Place Winners
References
Events in Denver
Annual events in Colorado
Fashion events in the United States
Events in Colorado
| 330
|
71650911
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ema%20Horvath
|
Ema Horvath
|
Ema Horvath (born 28 January 1994) is an American actress. She has appeared in the films Like.Share.Follow. (2017), The Gallows Act II and The Mortuary Collection (both 2019), and What Lies Below (2020). Since 2022, she has played Eärien, the sister of Isildur, in the Amazon Prime fantasy television series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power.
Early life
Ema H. Horvath was born and raised in the United States by her parents, who were Slovak immigrants. Horvath's first experience with acting was at the age of five, in her debut acting role as a tulip at her local theatre. Horvath studied acting for two years at the Interlochen Center for the Arts. She received a Bachelor of Arts in English literature from Harvard University. One of her first roles as a freshman was playing the lead character of Katerina in an all-female production of Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew. Horvath graduated from Harvard in 2016 and pursued her acting career, having already secured her first screen role in the film Like.Share.Follow.
Acting career
Horvath's first screen role was as Shell in the Blumhouse Productions 2017 psychological horror film Like.Share.Follow. which had its world premiere at the Screamfest Horror Film Festival on October 18, 2017. In 2019, Horvath landed the starring role of Auna Rue in the supernatural horror film The Gallows Act II. The same year, Horvath starred in the 2019 American anthology horror film The Mortuary Collection, which was featured at the Fantasia International Film Festival. In 2020, Horvath continued her run of appearances in the horror genre when playing a 16 year old teenager in the horror film What Lies Below. The same year, Horvath starred in the Quibi television series Don't Look Deeper.
In 2022, Horvath joined the cast of the Prime Video fantasy television series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, which is based on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. She plays the Númenórean Eärien, sister of Isildur, and daughter of Elendil. Although her character does not appear in the books, Horvath was keen to learn more about the world of Tolkien, engaging with the fans. Horvath attended both the New York premiere and the London premiere of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power in Leicester Square on August 30, 2022.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
21st-century American actresses
American people of Slovak descent
American film actresses
American television actresses
Harvard University alumni
Interlochen Center for the Arts alumni
| 595
|
11021372
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way%20Back%20Home%20%281931%20film%29
|
Way Back Home (1931 film)
|
Way Back Home is a 1931 American Pre-Code drama film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Phillips Lord, Effie Palmer, Frank Albertson, and Bette Davis. The screenplay by Jane Murfin is based on characters created for the NBC Radio show Seth Parker by Phillips Lord.
Plot
A decade earlier, Jonesport, Maine preacher Seth Parker and his wife took in motherless infant Robbie Turner after he was abandoned by his sadistic alcoholic father Rufe; young Robbie has always considered the Parkers his parents. Mary Lucy Duffy, whose father has banished her from their home for fraternizing with farmhand David Clark, is also living with the Parkers, and her romance with David attracts the attention of the local gossips. David's mother had run off with a stranger years earlier, and when she returned to Jonesport with an illegitimate infant son, they were shunned by the townspeople.
Mary Lucy and David plan to elope to Bangor, but Seth encourages them to stay by offering to pay for a proper wedding. Rufe breaks into the Parker home to kidnap Robbie, attacking Mary Lucy when she tries to protect the boy. Seth pursues Rufe and Robbie and manages to intercept them before they board a train. Because Seth is not Robbie's legal guardian, the boy is placed in an orphanage until a decision can be made about his future. Meanwhile, Seth lectures the townspeople about tolerance and implores them to accept Rose and her newlywed son and his bride. Robbie returns to Jonesport, having been legally entrusted to the Parkers' care.
Cast
Phillips Lord as Seth Parker
Effie Palmer as Mother Parker
Frank Albertson as David Clark
Bette Davis as Mary Lucy Duffy
Frankie Darro as Robbie
Dorothy Peterson as Rose Clark
Stanley Fields as Rufe Turner
Oscar Apfel as Wobbling Duffy
Bennett Kilpack as Cephus
Production
Phillips Lord had created the character of preacher and folksy philosopher Seth Parker for a Sunday night series broadcast by NBC Radio. Its popularity led RKO Radio Pictures to purchase the film rights and assign Jane Murfin to write a screenplay with Parker and his wife as the central characters. Originally entitled Other People's Business, it drew criticism from a studio script reader, who thought the plot was dated and noted, "A story of this type should never take itself seriously, for the day when pictures like The Old Homestead [a 1915 Famous Players film focused on a popular New England vaudevillian] would grip the attention of a movie audience is lost forever." The reader cited the commercial failure of Check and Double Check, a 1930 feature inspired by Amos 'n' Andy, as proof radio shows did not necessarily adapt well for the screen, and noted most Seth Parker listeners were "those people who are interested in the singing of hymns, old folk songs, and a very simple brand of humor" and that the "average young person, between the ages of fifteen and thirty, who form a very large percentage of the movie audiences, do not listen to the broadcast." Despite the readers's misgivings, RKO supervising producer Pandro S. Berman greenlighted the project and budgeted it at $400,000.
Berman negotiated with Universal Pictures for the loan of Bette Davis, whose contract with the studio just had been renewed following her completion of Waterloo Bridge, and Carl Laemmle, Jr. agreed to loan her out for a fee of $300 per week. Davis was pleased with the attention paid to her by cinematographer J. Roy Hunt. "I was truly overjoyed," she later recalled. "Plus the part I played was an important one - and a charming one. It gave me some confidence in myself for the first time since leaving the theater in New York."
The film was shot on location in Santa Cruz, California because of the small town's New England-like atmosphere. Motion Picture Herald reviewed it as Other People's Business, the title under which it was released in Great Britain, although domestically it was changed to Way Back Home when Phillips Lord published his book Seth Parker & His Jonesport Folks: Way Back Home to coincide with the release of the film.
Critical reception
Andre Sennwald of The New York Times observed, "Seth Parker, the radio sage, is shedding a rather appealing sweetness and light ... in his first motion picture ... [His] following will not be disappointed and those who do not know the character will find a gentle and frequently moving entertainment." In later years, Bette Davis commented, "I'm glad Sennwald felt about it as he did. He obviously accepted it for what it was meant to be - not a masterpiece, just a slice of Yankee village life."
Variety thought "As entertainment the film is unbelievably bad. The story is strictly an old-style proposed tearjerker. It runs 81 minutes which seem like 181."
Preservation
A print is housed in the Library of Congress collection. Warner Bros., which owns the RKO library, has preserved the film, which airs occasionally on Turner Classic Movies.
References
External links
RKO Pictures films
1931 films
1931 drama films
American drama films
Films based on radio series
Films set in Maine
American black-and-white films
Films directed by William A. Seiter
Films scored by Max Steiner
Films shot in California
Films with screenplays by Jane Murfin
1930s American films
1930s English-language films
English-language drama films
| 1,175
|
21619103
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neozoic
|
Neozoic
|
Neozoic is a science fiction/fantasy comic book published by Red 5 Comics. It is written by Paul Ens, who worked on Star Wars: Evasive Action. The art is done by J. Korim and Jessie Lam. The setting is in a different universe where dinosaurs did not become extinct and humans never became the dominant species.
The series has eight issues and they have all been gathered into one 216 page trade paper back as of May 2009. An eight-page comic ("Feeding Time") was put out in May 2010 for Red 5's Free Comic Book Day. In April 2013 part one of a four-part limited series, Neozoic: Trader's Gambit, was published.
Setting
The story is set in an alternate universe where, 65 million years ago, debris from a space battle near Jupiter hit the asteroid that was supposed to wipe out the dinosaurs, causing a slight change in its trajectory. Instead of hitting Earth it crashed into the Moon, knocking off a large portion of its mass. As a result, dinosaurs continue to thrive and evolve, greatly reducing the degree to which mammals - including humans - gain dominance over the planet.
The protagonist in the alternate present is a young woman named Lilli Murko, an excellent hand-to-hand combatant who uses a sword and dagger to fight. She works for a group of dinosaur slayers known as the Predator Defense League, or PDL.
Reception
IGN states that "the artwork is fantastic and the world Ens creates is emphatic and fun".
References
External links
Official webpage
American comics titles
| 333
|
35354940
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalila%20al-Salman
|
Jalila al-Salman
|
Jalila Mohammed Ridha al-Salman () (1965) is a Bahraini teacher and vice president of the Bahrain Teachers' Association (BTA). Due to her role in the Bahraini uprising, she was arrested for 149 days, allegedly tortured, and sentenced to 3 years in prison. On 21 September 2012, her sentence was reduced to six months' imprisonment by an appeals court.
Biography
Jalila al-Salman worked as an educator for 25 years. According to Human Rights First, she worked to reform the Bahrain education system, and as a result "faced numerous threats and was passed over for promotion". At the time of her imprisonment, she was the vice president of the Bahrain Teacher's Association (BTA).
Role in the Bahraini uprising
In February 2011, large-scale pro-democracy protests began in Bahrain as part of the international Arab Spring. Al-Salman was active in organizing teachers’ strikes in support in February and March. On 20 February, the BTA called for a three-day strike demanding reforms in Bahrain's educational system and protesting killing and suppression of protesters, of which students made a high percentage. More than five thousand teachers participated in the strike. When martial law was imposed on 16 March, BTA called for another strike, this one lasting ten days. On 16 October, she participated in a symposium organised by Al Wefaq, Bahrain's main opposition party asking teachers to raise their voice and speak about the violation they went through "like doctors".
Arrest
On 29 March, over two dozen security officers in balaclavas, armed with machine guns and batons, raided al-Salman's house after midnight and arrested her in front of her family, including her three children, while she was wearing her nightdress. "They pulled me from my neck, weapons pointed at my head and asked me not to be afraid, because they were police", al-Salman said. According to her family, al-Salman was tortured while in prison. She reported being verbally and physically abused by security forces who arrested her: "They hit me and called me horrible names. Names I can’t bring myself to repeat."
According to al-Salman, in the first week, she was taken to the Criminal Investigations Directorate (CID) in Adliya, where she was kept in solitary confinement for 10 days, forced to stand for prolonged periods, investigated in harsh conditions and forced to sign papers she was not allowed to read. She was also threatened with sexual assault. Al-Salman was then transferred to Al Qurain military prison where she remained for two months. After that, she was moved to Isa Town female detention center, at which point her family learned her whereabouts. They were only allowed few visits, which were "under very strict surveillance".
Trial
Al-Salman's first hearing was at a special military court on 6 June. She was only allowed to see a lawyer for five minutes before the hearing. Al-Salman, along with BTA president Mahdi Abu Deeb, pleaded not guilty to "inciting others to commit crimes, calling for the hatred and overthrow of the ruling system, holding pamphlets, disseminating fabricated stories and information, leaving work on purpose and encouraging others to do so and taking part at illegal gatherings". However, the Judge said their "statements, investigations and technical information are enough to blame them". Their case was postponed to 15 June. They had two other hearings on 22 and 29 June.
The following day, the Ministry of Social Development ordered the dissolution of the BTA, for "issuing statements and speeches inciting teachers and students" and "calling for a strike at schools, disrupting educational establishments, in addition to manipulation school students".
After a three-week hunger strike with another female prisoner in protest of their detention and mistreatment in prison, they were released on bail on 21 August, following a visit by a number of investigators from Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI).
Al-Salman's trial by a military court was postponed from 29 August to 25 September, at which point she and Deeb were found guilty of charges of "halting the education process, promoting hatred of the regime and disseminating fabricated information". A National Security Agency detective testified that both al-Salman and Deeb "had issued statements that led to problems within Bahrain's entire education sector".
Al-Salman was sentenced to 3 years in prison. Deeb was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. Their appeal hearing was held in a civil court on 12 December. It was postponed to 19 February 2012, when it was postponed again to 2 April and then again to 2 May.
Second arrest
On 18 October, al-Salman was arrested again in a pre-dawn raid. Arriving in seven vehicles, more than thirty security agents arrested her. Though they stated they were enforcing a court order, they refused to show an arrest warrant. Amnesty International condemned the circumstances of the second arrest as an intimidation attempt and stated its "renewed concerns about her safety in detention". On 1 November, she was released on bail.
Responses
Al-Salman and Deeb's sentences drew protest from domestic and international human rights groups. Amnesty International protested the sentences, stated that al-Salman and Deeb appeared to be prisoners of conscience, "targeted solely on account of their leadership of the BTA and peacefully exercising their rights to freedom of expression" and called the trials unfair. The organization called for their immediate releases. Responding to al-Salman's second arrest, Malcolm Smart of Amnesty said, "She does not present a serious flight risk but has continued to speak out about her own experiences in detention and the plight of others, leading us to fear that this is the reason for the action taken against her this morning." Human Rights Watch named al-Salman's case among Bahraini government violations of freedom of association. Education International denounced the dissolution of the BTA and the trials of its leaders in a military court, calling on the government to respect basic "human and trade union rights and freedoms of teachers". Following al-Salman's hunger strike, Front Line Defenders expressed their deep concerns for her health and called the government to release her on bail. Trades Union Congress called for al-Salman and Deeb's immediate release and "to hold to account those responsible for their arrest and possible abuse". The British teachers' union NASUWT also issued a statement in support of Abu Deeb and al-Salman, condemning their treatment as "brutal and inhumane".
The Bahrain Centre for Human Rights and the Gulf Centre for Human Rights issued a joint statement that they were "deeply concerned" by the "politicised sentence", also noting that the trial of civilians by a military tribunal was a violation of Bahraini law. Al Wefaq denounced arresting al-Salman at dawn and demanded her immediate release.
Appeal
On 21 September 2012, her sentence was reduced by an appeals court to six months' imprisonment.
Trade union rights award
Jalila al-Salman was together with Mahdi Abu Dheeb and the union awarded the prestigious Arthur Svensson International Prize forTrade Union Rights in 2015. This prize, given by the Norwegian trade unions, is presented to a person or organisation that has worked predominately to promote trade union rights and/or strengthen trade union organizing around the world.
References
Living people
Human rights abuses in Bahrain
People of the Bahraini uprising of 2011
Bahraini activists
Bahraini women activists
Bahraini dissidents
Bahraini torture victims
Politics of Bahrain
University of Baghdad alumni
1965 births
Bahraini prisoners and detainees
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Bahrain
| 1,615
|
40871527
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABHD6
|
ABHD6
|
alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), also known as monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6 or 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABHD6 gene.
Function
ABHD6 is a serine hydrolyzing enzyme that possesses typical α/β-hydrolase family domains. ABHD6 was first studied because of its over-expression in certain forms of tumours.
ABHD6 has been linked to regulation of the endocannabinoid system as it controls the accumulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) at the cannabinoid receptors.
ABHD6 accounts for about 4% of 2-AG brain hydrolysis. Together, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), ABHD12, and ABHD6 control about 99% of 2-AG signalling in the brain, and each enzyme exhibits a distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting that they regulate distinct pools of 2-AG in the nervous system.
See also
Fatty acid amide hydrolase
References
External links
| 251
|
17088998
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20sabre
|
Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre
|
The men's sabre was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event. A total of 43 fencers from 9 nations competed in the event, which was held on August 25 and August 26, 1920. Nations were limited to eight fencers each. The event was won by Nedo Nadi of Italy, one of his five gold medals in 1920. His brother Aldo Nadi took silver. Adrianus de Jong of the Netherlands finished third. They were the first medals in the individual men's sabre for both countries. This was the only time from 1908 to 1964 that Hungary did not win the men's sabre—with no Hungarian fencers competing after the nation was disinvited after World War I.
Background
This was the sixth appearance of the event, which is the only fencing event to have been held at every Summer Olympics. Seven of the eight finalists from 1912 had been Hungarian; with Hungary not invited to the 1920 Games in the aftermath of World War I, none of those seven could return. The other finalist, however, was Nedo Nadi of Italy—the heavy favorite with no Hungarians competing (and with 1919 Inter-Allied champion Vincent Gillens of Belgium not attending either).
Czechoslovakia made its debut in the men's sabre. Italy and Denmark each made their fourth appearance in the event, tying Austria (also not invited to the Games following the war) for most of any nation.
Competition format
The event used a three-round format. In each round, the fencers were divided into pools to play a round-robin within the pool. Bouts were to three touches (an unpopular change from the more typical five). Standard sabre rules were used, including that the target area was the now-standard target above the waist (in contrast to the larger target in 1912 and the whole body in 1896, 1900, and 1908).
Quarterfinals: There were 5 pools of between 7 and 9 fencers each. The top 4 fencers in each quarterfinal advanced to the semifinals, except that the top 5 in quarterfinal C advanced (with two men tied for fourth, the tie was not broken and both advanced).
Semifinals: There were 3 pools of 7 fencers each. The top 4 fencers in each semifinal advanced to the final.
Final: The final pool had 12 fencers.
Schedule
Results
Quarterfinals
Quarterfinal A
Quarterfinal B
Quarterfinal C
Quarterfinal D
Quarterfinal E
Semifinals
Semifinal A
Semifinal B
Semifinal C
Final
References
Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics
| 590
|
9150333
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear%20Magazine
|
Bear Magazine
|
BEAR Magazine is a periodical geared toward gay and bisexual men who are or admire "bears", stocky or heavyset men with facial and/or body hair. It was initially published in San Francisco, California, in 1987 by Richard Bulger and his partner Chris Nelson and marketed to the bear community within the larger LGBT community.
History
In San Francisco, in 1987, Richard Bulger began a self-copied magazine called BEAR, dedicated to the appreciation of bears. Bulger had been running a modeling agency called Creative Options Agents (COA) with his photographer partner Chris Nelson. With his connection to gay biker culture and proximity to the Lone Star Saloon (a gay bar credited with the inception of the San Francisco Bear Community), Bulger sought to partake in the growing success of zine desktop underground publication taking hold in San Francisco. It's often thought that BEAR Magazine was begun by a man named Bart Thomas, who died of AIDS before the magazine's first publication. However, "Bart Thomas" was a pseudonym Bulger chose for himself ("bart" being the German word for "beard") in the earliest days of the project. A friend of Bulger named David Grant was reported to have suggested the name "Daddy Bear" for this new magazine just before his death from complications from AIDS.
The first copy of BEAR Magazine consisted of 45 xeroxed copies, promoted in The Big Ad and Handjob Quarterly (two established, popular zines at the time).
Originally created as an alternative to the abundance of shaven men represented in gay mainstream media, BEAR gradually expanded to become an internationally distributed glossy magazine, which featured erotic photographs of bears and erotic stories. There was also a classified personals section which, before the emergence of the internet, was one of the few ways for men to find compatible romantic and sexual partners, and to network with men with common interests.
The first formal company office was established above a 1908 former firehouse at the corner of 16th and Albion Streets in San Francisco, where their various publications, clothing and lifestyle products were also displayed and sold. Then, in 1994, Brush Creek Media moved its office and Bear Store to 367 9th Street in the South of Market district, which is the center of San Francisco's gay leather district and around the corner from Rick Redewill's Lone Star Saloon.
The close proximity of Brush Creek Media to the Lone Star Saloon resulted in a synergistic relationship. With the Bear Store and nearby bars, shops and hotels catering to those who identified as bears, the Lone Star Saloon eventually became considered the quintessential bear bar, further fueling the bear movement. This formed a circuit for locals, tourists and visitors to events such as the International Bear Rendezvous and Folsom Street Fair. In 1994, Beardog Hoffman purchased Brush Creek Media Inc. and began expanding the company into several special-interest gay magazines and video series.
In 2002, Brush Creek Media closed its doors when the IRS seized its inventory. BEAR Magazine publication ceased after issue #64.
In 2006, the BEAR trademark was judicially assigned and registered to Butch Media Ltd of Las Vegas, Nevada, a creditor of Brush Creek Media. In 2007, the court assigned BEAR Magazine and all the Brush Creek Media copyrights to Butch Media Ltd. Bear Omnimedia LLC, the parent company of Butch Media Ltd, continued BEAR Magazine in 2008, starting with issue #65. Under the new direction of publisher and editor-in-chief Steven Wolfe and photographer Teddy Mark, the format was updated in 2010 to better reflect bear movement and LGBT community, covering broader aspects of masculinity. BEAR Magazine continues to be published in both print and digital formats.
References
External links
Bear Magazine's Official Site
LGBT-related magazines published in the United States
Men's magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Bear (gay culture)
Gay men's magazines
Magazines established in 1987
Magazines published in Nevada
Magazines published in San Francisco
Mass media in Las Vegas
| 848
|
3566488
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allanburg%2C%20Ontario
|
Allanburg, Ontario
|
Allanburg is a community within the City of Thorold, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Welland Canal and Highway 20, both important transportation routes through the Niagara Peninsula. The two cross at a vertical-lift bridge, numbered as Bridge 11 by the Saint Lawrence Seaway Authority, but often known simply as the Allanburg Bridge. The collision of the ship Windoc with the bridge made national news in 2001.
Inception of the Welland Canal
The original sod-turning ceremony for the construction of the First Welland Canal took place in the area on November 30, 1824. Today, a cairn at the west approach to the lift bridge commemorates the event.
Windoc incident
At approximately 20:54 on August 11, 2001, the bulk carrier vessel Windoc struck the descending Allanburg lift bridge. The ship's wheelhouse and funnel were ripped off in the collision, starting a fire on board. Uncontrollable, the vessel drifted downstream and ran aground from the bridge. Fire fighting units from throughout Niagara Region were involved in the efforts to put out the fire, parking the fire trucks on the canal's banks.
There was no loss of life. The master and third officer were able to escape the wheelhouse before its destruction. The wheelsman remained in the wheelhouse and survived the collision by lying on the deck until the bridge span passed overhead. The canal reopened to shipping two days later, but the bridge remained locked in a raised position while engineers studied and repaired the structure. Road traffic through central Niagara was left in considerable chaos, as the number of canal crossings is limited. Detours were set up to travel through the Thorold Tunnel north of Allanburg. Eventually, the damage to the bridge was found to be minor and repaired. Windoc has sat in the port of Montreal ever since, inoperable and its bilges flooded. Later, an investigation found that the impaired bridge operator lowered the bridge before the ship had cleared the span.
See also
Port Robinson, Ontario, site of a similar bridge collision on the Welland Canal
References
External links
Thorold official site
Neighbourhoods in Thorold
| 453
|
13300749
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Garden%20media%20and%20materials
|
Red Garden media and materials
|
This is a list of media and materials related to the anime series Red Garden.
Anime
The anime Red Garden is done by GONZO and directed by Ko Matsuo. It began broadcasting in Japan on October 3, 2006, on TV Asahi.
The English version the anime is licensed by Funimation. It was licensed before by ADV Films. Red Garden is a DVD-only series and also ran on the specialty service The Anime Network.
Voice actors
The Four Girls and their Friend
Kate Ashley - Akira Tomisaka (Japanese), Melissa Davis (English)
Rachel Benning - Ryoko Shintani (Japanese), Maggie Flecknoe (English)
Claire Forrest - Miyuki Sawashiro (Japanese), Kara Greenberg (English)
Rose Sheedy - Ayumi Tsuji (Japanese), Brittney Karbowski (English)
Lise Harriette Meyer - Misato Fukuen (Japanese), Taylor Hannah (English)
Animus
Lula Ferhlan - Rie Tanaka (Japanese), Shelley Calene-Black (English)
J.C. - Takashi Kondo (Japanese), Chris Patton (English)
Lucy - Sawa Ishige (Japanese), Shannon Emerick (English)
Doral
Hervé Girardot - Takehito Koyasu (Japanese), Jose Diaz (Ep. 1-16), Quentin Haag (Ep. 17-22) (English)
Raul Girardot - Sukekiyo Kameyama (Japanese), Rob Mungle (English)
Anna Girardot - Nozomi Masu (Japanese), Serena Varghese (English)
Emilio Girardot - Wataru Hatano (Japanese), Leraldo Anzaldua (English)
Mirielle Girardot - Rikako Yamaguchi (Japanese), Stephanie Wittels (English)
Dr. Bender - Ryou Sugisaki (Japanese), Todd Waite (English)
Grace
The Director - Sho Saito (Japanese), Marcy Bannor (English)
Paula Sinclair - Megumi Kobayashi (Japanese), Lesley Tesh (English)
Jessica - Saori Goto (Japanese), Jessica Boone (English)
Kerry - Nanae Inoue (Japanese), Bree Welch (English)
Friends of the Girls
Amanda - Haruka Kimura (Japanese), Elizabeth Bunch (English)
Luke - Yuuki Masuda (Japanese), Illich Guardiola (English)
Nick - Daisuke Ono (Japanese), Jacob A. Gragard (English)
Sam - Shuma Shiratori (Japanese), Amit Patel (English)
Susan - Omi Minami (Japanese), Cynthia Martinez (English)
Vanessa - Sakura Matsumoto (Japanese), Monica Rial (English)
Juan - Toshinobu Iida (Japanese), Andrew Love (English)
Sarah - Mizuki Fujita (Japanese), Kim-Ly Nguyen (English)
Family
Kate's Father - Yoji Ueda (Japanese), Chris Hutchison (English)
Kate's Mother - Haruhi Terada (Japanese), Christine Auten (English)
Emma Ashley - Ryoko Nagata (Japanese), Emily Carter-Essex (English)
Rachel's Mother - Rei Igarashi (Japanese), Allison Sumrall (Ep. 4), Tamara Levine (Ep. 5+) (English)
Claire's Father - Takaya Kuroda (Japanese), Justin Doran (English)
Randy Forrest - Hisao Egawa (Japanese), Vic Mignogna (English)
Rose's Mother - Masami Toyoshima (Japanese), Donna Hannah (English)
Robert Sheedy - Shōto Kashii (Japanese), Ernie Manouse (English)
Carrie Sheedy - Sumire Morohashi (Japanese), Hilary Haag (English)
Paul Sheedy - Yuutaro Motoshiro (Japanese), Shannon Emerick (English)
Robert Mayer - Tarou Masuoka (Japanese), Charles C. Campbell (English)
The Police
Claude - Shinpachi Tsuji (Japanese), John Swasey (English)
Neil - Yoji Ueda (Japanese), Eddie Shannon, Jr. (English)
Red Garden Region 1 DVD Releases
Music
Theme music
Red Garden Original Soundtrack
Main Theme ~ Sou de aru to negau kara
Kojin no shi
Nasu koto toshite
Ayumi .. Yamerarezu ni
Yowaku, yowaku
Shizuka ni omou koto
Sono saki ni mieta kara, zutto zutto
Omoi omoi, soko ni...
Soshite mata, to
Eirei
Miete kuru mono e
Seinen no kao to akai-iro
Tsunagari no houkai
Fukanzen naru mono
Hai iro no shiawase
Konnichiwa owari da kara
Mienai hikari
Anata to ita kara mieta koto
Utsukushiku to mo mitomezu
Owari kara no ippo
Susumu, soshite susumu
Kireru Ishi
Te no kasanari
Akai Niwa
Ai ~ Wazuka na omoide / KOKIA
Katsu ~ Mabara na hikari / KOKIA
Kurenai ~ Negai / KOKIA
Sumire ~ You to tomo ni / KOKIA
Shiro ~ Watashi-tachi no hibiki / KOKIA
Manga
The manga version is published by Gentosha Comics and is drawn by Kirihito Ayamura. It began serialization in the seinen manga magazine Comic Birz on August 30, 2006. The first tankōbon was released on February 24, 2007, the second one on September 22, 2007, and the third one on March 24, 2008.
External links
Official site
Official English site
Media Information
| 1,372
|
54007791
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20J.%20Harbert%20College%20of%20Business
|
Raymond J. Harbert College of Business
|
The Raymond J. Harbert College of Business, commonly shortened to Harbert College is the business school of Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. Founded in 1967, it grants both undergraduate and graduate degrees, and is one of the university's nine constituent schools. Since 2013, the school has been named in honor of Auburn alumnus Raymond J. Harbert. The business school has over 6,000 students, 73 full-time faculty (157 total full-time staff), and over 53,000 graduates. It is one of the largest business schools in the Southeastern United States.
History
Established in 1967 as a business school by Auburn University's board of trustees, the school expanded its curriculum and was renamed as a college in 1985. The college was renamed the Raymond J. Harbert College of Business in June 2013 in honor of alumnus Raymond J. Harbert's $40 million donation to the school. In 2016, Raymond and Kathryn Harbert made a $15 million donation to fund a planned 80,000-square-foot business building on Auburn's campus.
In January 2018 Dean Bill Hardgrave stepped down as dean of the college after serving for seven years to take a new position as Auburn's provost and senior vice president for academic affairs. On August 1, 2018, Annette Ranft was announced as the new dean of the college, becoming the seventh dean and first woman to serve as dean of Harbert College of Business.
Enrollment in Harbert College grew by 47 percent from 2010 to 2018.
Academics
The Harbert College of Business offers several Master of Business Administration programs (full-time MBA, part-time MBA, international MBA, physicians executive MBA and online MBA); several other master's degree programs; and several Ph.D. programs, including in accountancy, finance, marketing, international business, entrepreneurship, management of information systems, risk management and insurance, strategic management, and sports.
In June 2020, Harbert College created a new department for Supply Chain Management. Prior to the formation of the new department, Harbert's supply chain management degree had been ranked third in the nation by Gartner.
Rankings
As of 2018, the college has seven programs ranked in the top ten in the nation.
Undergraduate School
The Harbert College of Business undergraduate program has been ranked in the nation across various publications, with the 2022 U.S. News & World Report ranking the business program 49th among all U.S. colleges and 34th among public institutions.
In the 2021 U.S. News & World Report rankings, these undergraduate programs were ranked the following:
Accounting: 25th
Supply Chain: 20th
Graduate school
In the 2021 U.S. News & World Report rankings, the Harbert College of Business Master of Business Administration (MBA) program ranked #56 in the U.S. (top 30 among public universities). The Financial Times ranked Harbert College of Business Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) program #99 globally (#21 of programs based in the U.S.) in 2020. In 2020, The Princeton Review ranked Harbert's online MBA program #19 in the nation and also ranked Harbert as the #2 best business school for minority students.
In 2014 U.S. News & World Report ranked the MBA program #2 in the nation in terms of best financial value.
Notable Faculty and Alumni
Donald J. Boudreaux (1986), economist
John Brown (1957), former CEO and chairman of the board, Stryker Corporation
Joe Forehand (1971), former chairman and CEO of Accenture
John M. Harbert (1946), businessman and founder of Harbert Corporation
Raymond J. Harbert (1982), founder, chairman and CEO of Harbert Management Corporation; trustee; namesake of the Raymond J. Harbert College of Business
Don Logan (1966), former CEO of Time Inc.; former chairman of Time Warner Cable
Mark Spencer (1999), president and CEO of Digium, creator of Asterisk PBX
Mark Thornton (1989 Ph.D.), economist
Jimmy Wales (1989), co-founder of Wikipedia
Arthur L. Williams, Jr. (M.S.), insurance executive
Elmer Beseler Harris, business executive at Alabama Power
Chetan Sankar, Emeritus professor of Management Information Systems
Quentin Riggins, business executive at Alabama Power
Michael S. Rogers, United States Navy admiral and director of the National Security Agency
Jack Driscoll, NFL offensive tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles
John E. Hyten, United States Air Force general
Harold Melton, Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court
Jeannie Leavitt, United States Air Force general officer and first woman fighter pilot in the USAF
Lawrence F. Haygood, Jr., mayor of Tuskegee, Alabama
Mohamed Mansour, Egyptian billionaire chairman of Mansour Group
Youssef Mansour, Egyptian billionaire businessman, co-owner of Mansour Group
Richard Myers, retired four-star general in the United States Air Force who served as the 15th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Stacy Brown, founder of Chicken Salad Chick
Joe Hortiz, NFL, Director of Player Personnel for the Baltimore Ravens.
See also
List of United States business school rankings
List of business schools in the United States
References
External links
1967 establishments in Alabama
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Buildings and structures in Auburn, Alabama
Education in Lee County, Alabama
Universities and colleges established in 1967
Landmarks in Alabama
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
| 1,221
|
54070300
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn%20Cardozo%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201997%29
|
Agustín Cardozo (footballer, born 1997)
|
Agustín Ezequiel Cardozo (born 30 May 1997) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Gimnasia La Plata, on loan from Tigre.
References
1997 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Club Atlético Tigre footballers
Club y Biblioteca Ramón Santamarina footballers
NK Istra 1961 players
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Croatian Football League players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
Footballers from San Isidro, Buenos Aires
| 165
|
31909461
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Barclay%20Harding
|
J. Barclay Harding
|
James Barclay Harding (November 1, 1830 – October 29, 1865) was the publisher of the Philadelphia Evening Telegraph with Charles Edward Warburton.
Biography
He was born on November 1, 1830, to Jesper Harding and Maria Wilson. He died on October 29, 1865.
References
1830 births
1865 deaths
American newspaper publishers (people)
19th-century American journalists
American male journalists
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American businesspeople
| 106
|
19553900
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Westwater
|
Ian Westwater
|
Ian Westwater (born 8 November 1963) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, spending the majority of his career with Scottish side Dunfermline Athletic.
Playing career
Westwater was born in Loughborough, England. He started his career with Scottish Premier Division side Hearts, making his debut for the Tynecastle side at just 16 years of age. He went on to play only one other game for the side, before being signed by Dunfermline Athletic for £4,000 in March 1985. It was with Dunfermline that Westwater would be most prosperous, playing in over 190 games in his first spell at the club. His debut came against Stranraer in April 1985.
Westwater moved to local rivals Falkirk in a player swap deal in August 1991, where in his first season he helped the club gain promotion to the Scottish Premier Division. After being relegated in 1993, he again helped the side in 1994 in their promotion winning season before moving on a short-term deal to Dundee.
After playing no games for Dundee, Westwater moved back to Dunfermline Athletic for his second spell with the club, signing for £15,000. He stayed with the Pars, helping them achieve promotion to the Scottish Premier Division in 1996. He played in over 110 league games in his second spell but towards the end of his Dunfermline career, he was ousted by younger goalkeepers. He made the short move across the River Forth to Easter Road side Hibernian in 2000, where he would fail to play any matches before hanging up his gloves in 2004.
Coaching career
During his spell with Hibernian, Westwater was the goalkeeping coach for the Leith side. He had to retire from football completely in 2005 due to injury and was replaced by Gordon Marshall as Hibs' goalkeeping coach.
Honours
Dunfernline Athletic
Scottish First Division: 1988–89, 1995–96
Scottish Second Division: 1985–86
Falkirk
Scottish Challenge Cup: 1993–94
Scotland U18
UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1982
References
External links
Living people
1963 births
Sportspeople from Loughborough
Footballers from Leicestershire
Men's association football goalkeepers
English men's footballers
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Falkirk F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. non-playing staff
Scottish Premier League players
Scottish Football League players
| 569
|
31291001
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-use%20efficiency
|
Water-use efficiency
|
Water-use efficiency (WUE) refers to the ratio of water used in plant metabolism to water lost by the plant through transpiration. Two types of water-use efficiency are referred to most frequently:
photosynthetic water-use efficiency (also called instantaneous water-use efficiency), which is defined as the ratio of the rate of carbon assimilation (photosynthesis) to the rate of transpiration, and
water-use efficiency of productivity (also called integrated water-use efficiency), which is typically defined as the ratio of biomass produced to the rate of transpiration.
Increases in water-use efficiency are commonly cited as a response mechanism of plants to moderate to severe soil water deficits and have been the focus of many programs that seek to increase crop tolerance to drought. However, there is some question as to the benefit of increased water-use efficiency of plants in agricultural systems, as the processes of increased yield production and decreased water loss due to transpiration (that is, the main driver of increases in water-use efficiency) are fundamentally opposed. If there existed a situation where water deficit induced lower transpirational rates without simultaneously decreasing photosynthetic rates and biomass production, then water-use efficiency would be both greatly improved and the desired trait in crop production.
References
Further reading
Plant physiology
Geochemistry
| 277
|
10486603
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateira%20%28wife%20of%20Darius%20III%29
|
Stateira (wife of Darius III)
|
Stateira (; 370 BC - early 332 BC) was a queen of Persia as the wife of Darius III of Persia of the Achaemenid dynasty.
She accompanied her husband while he went to war. It was because of this that she was captured by Alexander the Great after the Battle of Issus, in 333 BC, at the town of Issus. Her husband abandoned his entire family at the site as he fled from Alexander, including his mother Sisygambis and his daughters Stateira II and Drypetis. Alexander is reported to have treated them with great respect.
According to Plutarch, Stateira died giving birth to a son, Ochus in early 332 BC. She was given a splendid burial by Alexander, befitting her status as the wife of the Great King of Persia. However this does not fit with other narratives as Ochus was already of an age to have survived childhood illness (between 4-7 years) by 333 BC. We cannot say with certainty what happened to Stateira or her son. If anything, she was most likely killed in the haze that was the wars of Alexander. Darius' mother Sisygambis had a lifelong respect and genuine friendship with Alexander.
In 324 BC, her daughter, Stateira, married Alexander, and her other daughter, Drypetis, married one of his lifetime companions, Hephaestion. When Alexander died one year later these royal Persian women mourned his death, further indicating personal relationships rather than merely diplomatic ones. According to Plutarch, both of her daughters were assassinated by another wife of Alexander, Roxana and Perdiccas, one of Alexander's generals. Upon hearing the news of Alexander's death, Sisygambis said farewell to her family, turned to the wall, and fasted herself to death.
Historical novels and film
Stateira is a minor character in The Conqueror's Wife by Stephanie Thornton, 2015, Softcover
In Oliver Stone's 2004 movie Alexander, Stateira is played by Annelise Hesme
References
External links
Pothos.org - Stateira, mother and daughter
Livius.org - Barsine/Statira
4th-century BC births
330s BC deaths
4th-century BC women
Deaths in childbirth
Women in Hellenistic warfare
Women in ancient Near Eastern warfare
Queens consort of the Achaemenid Empire
4th-century BC Iranian people
Darius III
| 520
|
43875227
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shramik%20Bharti
|
Shramik Bharti
|
Shramik Bharti is a nonprofit organization established in 1986 and headquartered in Kanpur, India. Its goal is to eradicate poverty by empowering women and disadvantaged communities.
History
In the early 1980s, Kanpur was a hub of mills which employed 100,000 workers. During the 1982 recession, many of the mills scaled down or shut down operations. The mill workers were not well-educated and could not find other work.
Programs
Sodic land reclamation program
Shramik Bharti has helped farmers learn organic methods to reclaim sodic land.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene
Shramik Bharti and WaterAid India work together on WASH projects.
Community radio station – Waqt Ki Awaaz
Shramik Bharti launched the community radio station Waqt Ki Awaaz in September 2013. The radio station sits in village Bairi Dariyav of Maitha block in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh; its airwaves cover a radius of 15 km and reach about 300,000 people in 300 villages. Programming is used to initiate discussion and raise issues about open defecation, alcohol addiction, elderly people, girl education, and diseases. The station broadcasts seven hours daily.
Community health
PRIME II collaborated with Shramik Bharti to implement Community Partnerships for Safe Motherhood.
Awards and recognition
GuideStarIndia Platinum award in the GuideStar India NGO Transparency Awards 2021
Social Media for Empowerment Award 2016 for citizen journalism category by Digital Empowerment Foundation (to Waqt Ki Awaaz)
The Manthan Award 2015 for e-community broadcasting (to Waqt Ki Awaaz)
References
1986 establishments in Kerala
Non-profit organisations based in India
Organizations established in 1986
| 383
|
36648435
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav%20Dragojlovi%C4%87
|
Vladislav Dragojlović
|
Vladislav Dragojlović (born March 6, 1979) is a Serbian former professional basketball player. He is a 2.07 m tall center who last played for Al Kuwait.
References
External links
Vladislav Dragojlović at asiabasket.com
Vladislav Dragojlović at beobasket.net
Vladislav Dragojlović at tblstat.net
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Užice
Serbian men's basketball players
KK Budućnost players
KK Crvena zvezda players
KK Lions/Swisslion Vršac players
KK Radnički Kragujevac (2009–2014) players
KK Sloga players
OKK Beograd players
Panionios B.C. players
PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban players
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Saudi Arabia
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Montenegro
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Kuwait
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
ABA League players
Centers (basketball)
| 278
|
18540340
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Field%20Tack%20Company
|
Albert Field Tack Company
|
The Albert Field Tack Company is a historic industrial site located at 19 Spring Street in Taunton, Massachusetts, next to the Mill River. Built in 1868 for a company founded in the 1820s to manufacture fasteners (tacks and nails), the main office building is an unusually high-style building given its industrial setting. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It has since been converted into apartments.
Description and history
The Albert Field Tack Company is set east of Spring Street and south and west of the Mill River, southeast of Taunton's center. The front-facing main office building is an ornately decorated -story building, with a hip roof pierced by large gabled sections, and a tower at the rear left corner. A series of more utilitarian brick ells extend southeastward toward the river.
The site of the Field Tack Company had seen industrial uses since the early 18th century, when mills for carding and dying wool operated there. The Field Tack Works was established in leased space in Taunton beginning in the 1820s. Albert Field purchased this property in the 1850s, and soon expanded. The ornate office building was built in 1868 in the Italianate stylem reflecting the company's success in the manufacture of upholstery tacks, brads, and shoe nails.
The Field Tack Works later added a second factory in Taunton, and another one in Fairhaven, Massachusetts. The company was acquired by the Atlas Tack Company in 1896. The Spring Street plant closed in 1902. The building was used as a Pentecostal Church in the 1930s, and was later occupied by various businesses.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Taunton, Massachusetts
References
External links
National Register of Historic Places in Taunton, Massachusetts
Industrial buildings completed in 1868
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Taunton, Massachusetts
1868 establishments in Massachusetts
| 433
|
2514019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallam%20Anji%20Reddy
|
Kallam Anji Reddy
|
Kallam Anji Reddy (10 August 1941 – 15 March 2013) was an Indian entrepreneur in the pharmaceutical industry, the founder-chairman of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, which he established in 1984, and chairman of Dr Reddy's Foundation (DRF), the corporate social responsibility arm of the group, established 1996. He was a member of the Indian Prime Minister's Council on Trade and Industry.
Life
His High school studies went well in SKPVV HINDU HIGH SCHOOL, VIJAYAWADA. After graduating from Annapotanna Zilla parishath High School Nutakki, Reddy received his first Bachelor of Science degree from A.C. College at Guntur in 1958. He then earned his B.Sc.(Tech) in Pharmaceuticals and Fine chemicals from the University Department of Chemical Technology of University of Mumbai (now Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai), followed by a PhD in chemical engineering under L.K Doraiswamy from the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune in 1969.
Reddy died of cancer on 15 March 2013 at the Apollo Hospital in Hyderabad.
Awarded
The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 2001 and later with the Padma Bhushan in 2011 for his contribution to the Indian pharmaceutical industry.
References
External links
Biography of Dr Anji Reddy
Dr Redddys, Corporate website
Dr Reddy's Foundation
2013 deaths
1940 births
Indian billionaires
Indian biotechnologists
Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh
Indian businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
People from Guntur district
Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry
University of Mumbai alumni
Institute of Chemical Technology alumni
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry
20th-century Indian biologists
Telugu people
| 397
|
43628508
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Staton
|
Sarah Staton
|
Sarah Staton (born 1961) is a British sculptor. She is head of the sculpture programme at the Royal College of Art.
Sarah Staton was born in 1961. Her work is in the permanent collection of the Tate Gallery.
Staton makes exhibitions, commissioned sculptures for specific sites, furniture and publications. In the late 1980s Staton opened up her Bloomsbury squat as a gallery, and named it Milch. Milch became one of the best known art spaces of its kind at the time. Staton is also known for decorating the lawn of the Serpentine Gallery with a Union flag of smashed bottles.
One of Staton's most well known projects is the Sarah Staton Supastore, a peripatetic shop selling works by up-and-coming contemporaries, unknowns and established artists such as Sol LeWitt, Mile Kelley and Steve Willats. The Supastore has appeared in Laure Genillard Gallery, the ICA in London, the San Francisco Art Fair, and the Middlesbrough Art Gallery.
References
External links
British sculptors
1961 births
Living people
| 237
|
51432405
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanango%20Butter%20Factory%20Building
|
Nanango Butter Factory Building
|
Nanango Butter Factory Building is a heritage-listed factory at George Street, Nanango, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1927. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 June 2005.
History
The Nanango Butter Factory, bounded by George Street and Sandy Creek, Nanango, is closely linked to the development of the Nanango district, as well as the rise and fall of the dairy industry in Queensland. The original factory, made of timber, was built in 1905. The current factory, of concrete and brick construction, was erected in 1927, extended to the north in 1953, and retains a number of its outbuildings and structures. These include loading bays, concrete tanks, sheds, and an office building.
The South Burnett district was first settled by Europeans in the early 1840s, as pastoralists worked their way north from the Darling Downs. By 1842 the sheep station Taromeo had been established by Simon Scott. Two other sheep stations were established shortly thereafter: Nanango, by William Elliot Oliver, and Tarong, by John Borthwick. Taromeo, Nanango and Tarong had all switched to beef cattle by the 1880s. Oliver's Head Station was at a creek two miles west of the site of the town of Nanango. The latter grew around an inn established by Jacob Goode in 1848, after he was allowed to camp near a waterhole on Nanango Station. The tracks from the Darling Downs and Brisbane converged at Goode's Inn on their way to Gayndah.
Nanango is one of Queensland's oldest towns. A post office was established at Goode's Inn in 1850, and in 1857 Nanango was gazetted for Courts of Petty Session, with a Courthouse being built in 1859. In 1861 the town of Nanango was surveyed, and the first sale of town blocks occurred in 1862, between today's Henry, Appin, George and Alfred Streets. James Nash found gold seven miles southeast of Inn in 1866, and the "Seven Mile Diggings" helped to increase the population of the area. Closer settlement began after an 1875 petition, and in 1876 regulations were for drawn up for monthly land courts, the first of which occurred in Nanango in 1877. In 1879 the Barambah Divisional Board was formed, and its office was built in Nanango in 1883. The 1884 Agricultural Lands Purchase Act aided in the resumption of part of Nanango Station for selection by farmers, who produced wheat and butter for the local market. Timber getting was also an industry in the area.
Initially, local farmers kept a few cows for domestic purposes, and town dwellers paid a fee to have a house cow that could be grazed on the town common. The first commercial dairy farm was started near Nanango in 1865, but this was a small operation that had to cart its cream overland to Gympie. By the 1890s events were occurring that would lead to the rapid growth of commercial dairy farming around Nanango, such as the advent of mechanical cream separators in Australia in the 1880s; the Babcock butterfat test; government grading of butter; and the advent of refrigerated shipping from Brisbane in 1884. In the late 1880s and early 1890s the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock used a Travelling Dairy to demonstrate techniques and equipment to potential dairy farmers. The 1893 Meat and Dairy Produce Act, which established subsidies for dairy farmers, and the 1894 Agricultural Lands Purchase Act also aided commercial dairying. Between 1894 and 1919 a large amount of land was repurchased by the Queensland Government from pastoralists, was and offered as agricultural selections. Closer settlement legislation between 1906 and 1917 also played its part in creating small agricultural service towns, as did the spread of Queensland's railway network. In 1890 there were of rail-line in Queensland. By 1910 there was and by 1920, . Between 1910 and 1920, most of the lines built were branch lines for agriculture.
The Co-operative movement, where producers held shares in the enterprises that processed and sold their product, had been developed in Switzerland during the 1880s, and was transferred from Victoria to Queensland by dairy immigrants during the 1890s and the first decade of the twentieth century. In 1900 the South Burnett carried of crops, 7000 sheep, and 84,000 cattle. Dairying became a mainstay of the Nanango district between 1900 and 1914, the period of the industry's most rapid development.
In 1903, the year that the Shire of Nanango was formed, the railway line reached Wondai. In December of that year a thrice-weekly cream van run from Kunioon to the railhead was organised by Mr William Selby. Four farmers from Booie had begun carting their cream to Wondai earlier that year. From Wondai, the cream travelled by train to Gympie. In 1904 meetings were called at Nanango to consider a Co-operative butter factory, and in July 1904 the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Company was formed. The company was floated in February 1905, and in October a tender to build the factory was allocated to Waugh and Josephson. A single story timber factory was built in late 1905 for (a second story was later added in September 1907). Machinery and plant cost a further . The first Annual General Meeting of the Co-operative was held in February 1906, and 1565 shares were allotted to 152 shareholders, 115 of those being fully paid up.
Butter manufacture commenced in April 1906, and by November the factory was also supplying ice. By 1906 the railway was moving closer to Nanango, and the first consignment of three tonnes of butter was dispatched from the Kingaroy railhead (1904). Nanango butter soon developed a reputation for excellence; in June 1906 the factory's product won first prize at the Maryborough show. Catalysts for dairying occurring around this time included the 1904 and 1905 Dairy Produce Acts; a cream testing certificate for officers in butter factories, introduced in 1906; and the 1906 Closer settlement Act. By 1910 there were 100 suppliers for the Nanango factory, which produced of butter. In 1911 the railway reached Nanango from the north, and in 1913 it reached Yarraman from the south.
On 25 October 1918, a fire started by lightning destroyed the factory, which was re-opened on 15 December 1919. By 1920, there were 5,000 sheep in the South Burnett compared to 230,000 beef and dairy cattle, with 10,000 pigs and of crops. The Cactoblastis cactorum insect was introduced in 1923, and its defeat of the prickly pear enabled the Queensland dairy industry to rebuild and expand during the late 1920s, leading to the 1930s dairy boom. Also during the 1920s Butter and Cheese Boards were formed to equalise market prices, and the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Company became the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Association in 1924. By 1925 there were 320 suppliers to the factory.
On 13 October 1926 the factory burned once more, shortly after an equipment upgrade, and it was re-built in concrete at a cost of about . The Minister for Works, Michael J. Kirwan, officially opened the factory on 21 October 1927. In October 1929 a Mr W.G. Counsel of the Electric Supply Works, Warwick, recommended that the butter factory supply electricity to the town, using its engine to power a generator. Electricity was supplied from the factory to the Nanango Shire Council between March 1933 and March 1948.
By the 1930s, dairying was the most widely spread agricultural industry in Queensland, and it was the state's second most profitable export industry from 1936 to 1941. In 1938 there were five co-operative butter factories in the South Burnett: Nanango (since 1906), Kingaroy Butter Factory (1907), South Burnett Co-operative Dairy Association Factory (Murgon, 1911), Wondai (1931), and Proston (1935). In 1940 the factory at Nanango peaked at 483 suppliers. A cheese factory was established during World War II to feed the troops, but it only operated between January 1942 and November 1943. The building still stands to the north of the butter factory. In the 1947-48 financial year of butter was produced at the Nanango factory, and in 1948 the Nanango Dairy Co-operative Trading Society as created as a subsidiary of the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Association.
By 1950 the South Burnett was carrying 650 sheep, 130,000 dairy cows (ten percent of the Queensland total), 110,000 beef cattle, 70,000 pigs, and of crops. However, as demand and prices for butter dropped in the 1950s, the decline of dairying accelerated. In 1953 the Nanango butter factory started producing butter milk powder, and a brick annex was added to the northern end of the factory to house the roller-drying plant. Butter consumption per capita in Australia dropped from to between 1957 and 1972, and Britain joining the European Economic Community provided another blow to prices. Irregular seasonal conditions and a lack of profits led many dairy farmers to drop out of the industry, and by 1975 the factory had 66 suppliers left. 1977 witnessed the end of the butter and cheese price equalisation scheme, and in May of that year butter production ended at Nanango. The factory continued to act as a depot for bulk milk tanker collections, which had begun in 1972. When the Nanango Dairy Co-operative Association closed the factory in 1986 only 37 milk suppliers remained.
The railway line that used to run alongside the western side of the factory has disappeared, as has a large water cooler that stood to the northeast of the factory. A 1929 Ruston Hornsby Model 9XHC 132 horsepower diesel engine, with a seven-foot flywheel, and a 1935 Ruston Hornsby Model VER 220 horsepower diesel of , remained on site until June 2004. These engines would have been used to run the factory's machinery, as well as to generate electricity for Nanango. A gas fitting business currently occupies the northern extension of the main factory building, and a plumber uses the southern end. To the south of the factory the old office building, of late 1920s construction, is now a residence/home business.
Description
The main factory building is two stories high, rectangular, and runs parallel to George Street, on a north–south axis. It is constructed of concrete, with a brick extension to the north, and has fibrous cement sheeting and battens on the upper levels to the north and south. It has a gabled roof of galvanised iron with skylights, and a clerestory runs along the apex of the southern part of the roof. The western side of the building facing George Street has been stuccoed. There are four doors, a high-set roller door, and two hatches on the western side of the factory, five roller doors on the south side, and a roller door on the north side. There is a high-set loading bay with roller door on the southern end of the east side, and a concrete loading dock juts out between this and the engine room to the north. Windows are generally steel-framed with wire-covered panes, or consist of panelled glass louvres.
Internally the factory is divided into two main sections with concrete floors, and the smaller northern end currently contains an office facing George Street, with a larger open section behind. The southern end has a small office on a raised section facing George Street, and a large open area behind this, with a coldroom and storeroom on the George Street side, north of the office. A door on the east side of the southern section leads from the main space through to the engine room.
On the east side of the factory is an attached single-story engine room, with gabled roof of galvanised iron, constructed of rendered brick, with metal strapping set into the render. Steel loops are welded to the strapping at intervals. The engine room has a smaller northern section, with a roller door exiting the north side, and a double steel door exits the southern section to the east. The engine room has a concrete floor, and contains the concrete mounting pads of removed equipment, and one small engine. A hole has recently been cut into the floor of the engine room, near the largest concrete mounting.
South of the factory, across a large concrete pad, is the old office building of the Nanango Dairy Co-operative Association. It faces George Street, and is constructed of brick with a concrete and stucco frontage. To the east of the concrete pad are two open sheds of steel and timber construction, and an enclosed timber shed. To the east of the factory and engine room are a number of other structures. Running south to north these include: a small overgrown shed, related to the factory's cooling system; a rectangular semi-underground covered concrete tank; a brick toilet block; two underground concrete tanks next to the engine room; a small open-topped semi-underground concrete water tank; and an open two-storied twin-gabled loading bay, constructed of steel and timber and clad in galvanised iron. It has raised vents at each apex, clad in curved galvanised iron sheeting.
Heritage listing
Nanango Butter Factory Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 June 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The 1927 Nanango butter factory, built on a site that was used for butter production from 1906 to 1977, is evidence of the growth and decline of the dairy industry within the Nanango Shire, and within Queensland.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
The decline in the Queensland dairy industry in the 1960s and 1970s, and the resulting closure of small town butter factories, means that ex-butter factories that are relatively intact are now becoming uncommon.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
The layout of the factory, with its large internal space, loading bays, cold room, engine room, exterior water tanks, office building and other secondary structures demonstrates the principle characteristics of an early twentieth century butter factory.
References
Attribution
External links
Queensland Heritage Register
South Burnett Region
Heritage-listed industrial buildings in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
1927 establishments in Australia
Industrial buildings completed in 1927
Dairy buildings in Australia
| 3,043
|
23926968
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krumen%20language
|
Krumen language
|
Krumen is a dialect continuum spoken by the Krumen people of Liberia and Ivory Coast (Tabou and Grabo subprefectures). It is a branch of the Grebo languages, a subfamily of the Kru languages and ultimately of the Niger–Congo languages. It had 48,300 speakers in 1993. The main varieties are:
Tepo: Tepo, Bapo, Wlopo / Ropo, Dapo, Honpo, Yrepo / Kapo, Glawlo dialects
Pye: Trepo, Wluwe-Hawlo, Gbowe-Hran, Wlepo, Dugbo, Yrewe / Giriwe / Jrwe [ɟʀwe] / Jrewe, Yapo, Pie dialects
Plapo
Plapo has only a hundred speakers and no dialectal variation.
See also
Kru Pidgin English
References
Grebo languages
Languages of Liberia
Languages of Ivory Coast
| 214
|
24152587
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A9m%20Lugr
|
Vilém Lugr
|
Vilém Lugr (28 June 1911 – 17 August 1994) was a Czech footballer and football manager.
He played for SK Olomouc ASO, SK Židenice, SK Prostějov and SK Slezská Ostrava.
He worked for Křídla vlasti Olomouc, Lech Poznań, Śląsk Wrocław, Górnik Zabrze, Jönköpings Södra IF. He then became coach for IFK Norrköping, where he won the Allsvenskan in 1963 and Nyköpings BIS.
References
1911 births
1981 deaths
Czech men's footballers
Czechoslovak men's footballers
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
FC Baník Ostrava players
Czech football managers
Czech expatriate football managers
Czechoslovak football managers
Czechoslovak expatriate football managers
FC Baník Ostrava managers
Lech Poznań managers
Górnik Zabrze managers
Jönköpings Södra IF managers
Śląsk Wrocław managers
People from Poděbrady
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
Expatriate football managers in Poland
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Men's association football defenders
Křídla vlasti Olomouc managers
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Footballers from the Central Bohemian Region
| 356
|
56637037
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpenning
|
Tarpenning
|
Tarpenning is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Kory Tarpenning (born 1962), American pole vaulter
Marc Tarpenning (born 1964), American engineer and entrepreneur
| 44
|
71677846
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaa%20Abd-El-Aziz
|
Alaa Abd-El-Aziz
|
Alaa Abd-El-Aziz is a Canadian academic and former president of the University of Prince Edward Island.
Early life
Abd-El-Aziz completed his bachelor's and master's at the Ain Shams University in 1985 and 1989 respectively. He completed a PhD at the University of Saskatchewan in 1989.
Career
Abd-El-Aziz joined the University of Toronto as a lecturer in 1989. In 1990, he joined the University of Winnipeg as an assistant professor and became a full professor in 1997 and worked there till 2006.
From 1991 to 2008, Abd-El-Aziz was an adjunct professor at the University of Manitoba. He was also an adjunct at the Université de Sherbrooke and the University of Winnipeg.
Abd-El-Aziz was the former Provost of University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus). From 2006 to 2011, he was the professor of chemistry at University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus).
University of Prince Edward Island
Alaa Abd-El-Aziz assumed the presidency of University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) in July 2011 after being selected in November 2010.
In 2013, university employees filed sexual harassment complaints against Abd-El-Aziz before the P.E.I. Human Rights Commission. According to Tom Cullen, then-chairman of UPEI's board of governors, it involved allegations of "inappropriate comments between colleagues". Later the same year, UPEI reached a settlement with the two complainants, with non-disclosure agreements signed by all parties involved.
Abd-El-Aziz's contract was renewed in 2015, 2018 and 2021. Atlantic Business Magazine declared him innovator of the year in 2020.
Abd-El-Aziz agreed to stay at the university until 2025 but resigned in December 2021 citing health reasons following a report by CBC News alleging that numerous non-disclosure agreements at UPEI had created "a culture of silence and fear" on campus and a toxic workplace Following Alaa Abd-El-Aziz's resignation, Greg Keefe was named Interim President and Vice-Chancellor on 13 December 2021.
Appointed by UPEI a few days after the resignation, law firm Rubin Thomlinson found 29 non-disclosure agreements were signed at UPEI in the decade Abd-El-Aziz was in charge.
References
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Prince Edward Island
Ain Shams University alumni
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Academic staff of the University of Manitoba
Academic staff of the Université de Sherbrooke
Academic staff of University of Winnipeg
Egyptian emigrants to Canada
Year of birth missing (living people)
| 589
|
53847288
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Johan%20Berman
|
Alexander Johan Berman
|
Ds. Alexander Johan Berman (17 September 1828 in Zierikzee–14 February 1886 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch Reformed minister of Watergang, an author and, in his early retirement, an archivist. As an author, he wrote mostly literary criticism, and, in his younger years, poetry. He published an anthology with works by authors of his era.
Life
A. J. Berman studied at Leiden University, the alma mater of his father, judge and writer Joost Berman. Upon graduation Alexander Johan became an 1854 assistant minister in Nijmegen.
In 1856 Berman was appointed minister at the Dutch Reformed Church of Watergang. Sunday, 16 November was the official start of his work. On 26 November 1857 Berman married in Alkmaar with Gerarda Blom. They had 4 children. Since Watergang was a small community and Berman, who suffered from a lung condition, did not progress to a larger community, the family struggled financially. A friend from university, the author and literary critic Conrad Busken Huet, initiated an anthology through which money was collected for the family. The anthology Landjuweel, set up a series of which only one volume was published, was edited by Berman. The minister's wife died in 1881, aged 45.
Due to his health condition, Berman retired in 1883, just 2 years after his silver jubilee in Watergang. Next, he worked at the city archives of Amsterdam and died in that city in 1886. Two of his children, Simon and Johan Alexander, enjoyed successful careers as a mayor and notary respectively, after training on the job.
Bibliography
Books
1854: Asters. Dichtbundeltje, bijeenverzameld door eenige HH. Studenten te Leyden, Utrecht en Deventer, with J.E. Banck Jr., Didymus, J.P.N. Land, and A.J.C. Kremer. Leiden: Jacobus Hazenberg Corns Zoon. (coauthor)
1878: Landjuweel: proza en poëzie", Volume 1. Amsterdam: G.L. Funke. (editor)
1879: Isabella von Drücker: Een verwaarloosd kleinood. From German. Utrecht: Gebroeders van der Post. (translator)
Articles
1870 – "Eene onderwijzing van den Zoon des menschen aangaande den Rustdag" in De Christelijke Huisvriend 11.
1870 – "Weemoed", ibid.
References
External links
Het Leeskabinet 1875, contains many book reviews by Berman
Asters, the poetry book that Berman coauthored
Landjueweel, the book that Berman edited
1828 births
1886 deaths
19th-century Dutch Calvinist and Reformed ministers
19th-century Dutch poets
19th-century Dutch male writers
Dutch literary critics
Dutch male poets
Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church
People from Waterland
People from Zierikzee
German–Dutch translators
Dutch archivists
Dutch Protestant theologians
| 696
|
30107645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut%20Ridge%20Historical%20Area
|
Chestnut Ridge Historical Area
|
The Chestnut Ridge Historical Area contains a number of the oldest buildings on the University of Massachusetts Amherst campus in the US, including its iconic chapel, the campus war memorial, the W. E. B. Du Bois Library and the last remaining barn from the founding years of the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
Historical buildings
Blaisdell House
Curry Hicks Cage
Goodell Hall
Grinnell Hall
Horse Barn
Memorial Hall
Munson Hall
Munson Annex
Old Chapel
South College
Other buildings
Bartlett Hall
Fine Arts Center
Machmer Hall
Student Union
Thompson Hall
Tobin Hall
W. E. B. Du Bois Library
Former buildings
Dairy Barn Complex
Liberal Arts Annex
North College
External links
2007 Legacy Buildings Report
University of Massachusetts Amherst buildings
| 175
|
72160622
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%20Eng%20Joo
|
Tan Eng Joo
|
Tan Eng Joo (30 October 1919 - 29 October 2011) was a prominent businessman and leader of the Chinese community of Singapore.
Early life and education
Tan was born in Singapore on 30 October 1919. His father, his third uncle and his sixth uncle, Tan Lark Sye, established Aik Hoe, a rubber re-milling and trading business. He attended the Anglo-Chinese School and completed his Senior Cambridge examination there in 1937. He began studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939 and obtained his Bachelor of Engineering from the university in 1943.
Career
After graduating he worked at the National Defense Research Committee at Princeton University. He was then employed at the Timber Engineering Company as a researcher. Following the end of the Japanese occupation of Singapore, Tan returned to Singapore and became the managing director of Aik Hoe. He co-founded Union Limited with Lien Ying Chow, and established a factory that manufactured rubber belts and latex. He also established Alliance Plastics, a firm which produced lighting fixtures and signs. He was made the president of the Democratic Party as he could speak fluent English. However, the party lost in the 1955 Singaporean general election. In 1964, he founded the Rubber Association of Singapore allowing with Tan Lark Sye and rubber magnate Lee Kong Chian. In 1968, he was appointed the association's chairman. Following Lee's retirement, Tan took over his position, leading the group's international meetings. He helped establish the International Rubber Study Group, and served as the group's chairman. He also served as the director of Haw Par Corporation and Prima Limited.
He was elected the president of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry on 31 October 1989. He also served as the chamber's vice-president, and was later made an honorary chairman of the chamber. In 1991, he helped organise the inaugural World Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention in Singapore.
Personal life and death
He married Yang Tai Ying and had three sons and four daughters.
Tan died on 29 October 2011.
References
1919 births
2011 deaths
| 427
|
26780738
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knefastia%20princeps
|
Knefastia princeps
|
Knefastia princeps is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. This magnificent species, one of the finest in a generally striking genus, appears nearest to K. dalli Bartsch among described forms, differing in its larger size, more slender form, the relatively longer and attenuate canal, the slender and well-spaced spiral cords, the very much fewer and less nodulous axial ribs, the more open sinus, and the warmer and brighter coloring, especially of the interior. The single example taken was dredged up alive.
Description
A fusiform shell that is moderately large and elongated. larval shell decollated in holotype but persisting whorls 81/^, turreted, strongly convex, sloping above to a high, subangulate shoulder; a flattened fold-like ridge strongly appressed against the suture is subtended by a shallow spiral furrow in the rather wide anal fasciole, the latter sculptured otherwise mainly by the very strong and coarse incremental striae and a few weak traces of low spirals; body of whorl marked by from 7 to 8 massive axial ribs (there are 7 on the last whorl) which are slightly knobbed on the shoulder, and 4 low but strong spiral ridges which over-ride both the axial ribs and their interspaces, the two central ridges being a trifle more widely separated than either is from its outer neighbor; base with about 13 or 14 gradually weakening spirals; the axial ribs pass onto the base but become obsolescent in the region of the canal. Aperture unarmored, about 45% the length of the shell, elongate-pyriform, acute posteriorly; outer lip sharp-edged, hardly crenulated by the spiral ridges, its margin convex in front of the strong open anal notch which nearly subtends the end of the suture. The canal is open and fairly long. The columellar wall is somewhat erose parietally, covered with a moderate wash of shining enamel. Periostracum is shining, the spire and main portion of body-whorl lustrous Antique Brown, paling anteriorly and on the nodes to Raw Umber, the spiral ridges sharply paler and the anterior portion of the shell as well, even to Chamois at the extreme portion and on the spirals, with one or two darker bands under the periphery. The interior is polished and bright, near Cinnamon to a Pinkish Cinnamon. Operculum is a little smaller than the aperture, it is acute in front and more blunt posteriorly, with a shallow furrow that is running parallel to the inner margin. The length of the holotype is 60.3 mm, its diameter 19.9 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs from Baja California, Mexico, to Peru, in pebble, mud and shell bottoms.
References
Berry, Samuel Stillman. "Notices of new west American marine Mollusca." San Diego Society of Natural History, vol. 11, 1953
External links
Gastropods.com: Knefastia princeps
princeps
Gastropods described in 1953
| 696
|
65159604
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally%20Gabori
|
Sally Gabori
|
Mirdidingkingathi Juwarnda Sally Gabori (1924 – 11 February 2015) was an Aboriginal Australian artist who at age 81 began painting in an abstract-like style she developed to represent her Country, on the south side of Bentinck Island in Queensland, Australia.
She represented Australia in the 55th Venice Biennale of 2013, and her works are held in the permanent collections of the Musée du Quai Branly, Paris; the National Gallery of Australia; all of the Australian state galleries, and others.
Early life
Gabori was born 1924 at Mirdidingki on the south side of Bentinck Island, the largest island in the South Wellesley Group in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland. As a young woman she lived a traditional lifestyle on Bentinck Island, largely uninfluenced by Europeans. She gathered food, including shellfish, from the complex system of stone fish traps her people had built in the shallows around the island. She helped to build and maintain the stone walls of the fish traps, was an adept maker of string, and weaver of dillybags and coolamons, and a respected singer of Kaiadilt songs, which tell of the close ties her people had with their country.
Gabori's tribal name is Mirdidingkingathi Juwarnda. Juwarnda' means "dolphin", her totemic sign, and Mirdidingkingathi means "born at Mirdidingki", in her country on the south side of Bentinck Island. The English name Gabori comes from her husband Pat Gabori, and is a corruption of his birthplace name, Kabararrjingathi.
Severe drought in 1942–45 and a cyclone in 1948 made Bentinck Island uninhabitable, and Presbyterian missionaries moved the entire Kaiadilt people to nearby Mornington Island, the biggest island in the South Wellesley group. The missionaries started moving the people during the 1940s, when there were fewer than 100 Kaiadilt people living on the island. They separated the children from their parents and placed into separate dormitories for boys and girls, while their parents built humpies around the mission. The final relocation in 1948 was spurred by the pollution of the islanders' water supply by seawater.
A small outstation was established on Bentinck Island in 1986 and some Kaiadilt people returned. Gabori did not return with them because her husband was too frail, but was able to visit occasionally.
Career
In 2005, when she was 81, Sally and Pat Gabori were living in the Aged Person Hostel at Gununa on Mornington Island. Brett Evans had established the Mornington Island Arts and Crafts Centre to produce and market traditional crafts, including Gabori's fine weaving. She was offered paints for the first time at a workshop in April 2005. The Kaiadilt community had no two-dimensional art traditions before 2005, so Gabori had nothing to draw on but her memory of her country.
When Indigenous Australian artist Melville Escott looked at Gabori's first painting, he could identify "the river, sandbar, ripples the fish leave on the water, her brother King Alfred's country and the fish traps she used to look after". Her enthusiasm for painting grew until she was painting five days a week, every day the centre was open.
Towards the end of her career, Gabori painted collaborative works with two of her daughters, and encouraged her other daughters into the art centre, to help develop a new generation of Kaiadilt painters. Over the short eight years of her painting career, she produced over 2000 paintings, and almost all major institutions in Australia acquired her works. Gabori's work has featured in over 28 solo exhibitions and been part of more than 100 group exhibitions.
Style
Her works have been described as abstract expressionism and gestural abstraction, but art theory was not an influence on her work, since Gabori had little English. Many of her paintings represent the sea, sky and land of her country, but she is thought to be not so much engaging with an audience as engaging with her country.
Death and legacy
Gabori died on 11 February 2015.
Awards and nominations
2012 Winner – The 2012 Gold Award
2012 Winner – Togart Contemporary Art Award
Major exhibitions
2005 Sally's Story, Woolloongabba Art Gallery, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
2013 Danda ngijinda dulk, danda ngijinda malaa, danda ngad – This is my Land, this is my Sea. This is who I am. A survey exhibition of paintings by Sally Gabori, 2005–2012, Drill Hall Gallery, Australian National University
2013 Personal Structures, 55th Venice Biennale 2013, Palazzo Bembo, Venice
2016 Dulka Warngiid – Land of All, 21 May 2016 – 28 Aug 2016, QAGOMA and 23 September 2016 – 29 January 2017, the Ian Potter Centre
2022 Mirdidingkingathi Juwarnda Sally Gabori – July 2022 to November 2022 – Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, France
Public collections
Art Gallery of New South Wales (3 works, Dibirdibi country 2010, 2012 , 2012)
Art Gallery of South Australia
Art Gallery of Western Australia
Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tomaki (Dibirdibi country, River at King Alfred's country and Dibirdibi country)
Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney (1 work, Makarrki 2008)
Musée du Quai Branly (Ninjilki 2006)
National Gallery of Australia (7 works including Nyinyilki 2009, My Country 2009)
National Gallery of Victoria (11 works including Dibirdibi country, and Rockcod story place
Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane
References
External links
"Ancestral story and personal history overlap in Sally Gabori's art", QAGOMA blog
"Visual voice of an island language", QAGOMA blog
"Sally Gabori's Dibirdibi country" by Bruce Mclean, 29 September 2015, QAGOMA blog
1920s births
2015 deaths
Australian Aboriginal artists
21st-century Australian artists
21st-century Australian women artists
Abstract expressionist artists
| 1,348
|
477336
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20twenty-dollar%20bill
|
United States twenty-dollar bill
|
The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of U.S. currency. A portrait of Andrew Jackson, the seventh U.S. president (1829–1837), has been featured on the obverse of the bill since 1928; the White House is featured on the reverse.
As of December 2018, the average life of a $20 bill in circulation is 7.8 years before it is replaced due to wear. Twenty-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks in violet straps.
History
Large-sized notes
The back is printed green.
The back is different, with several small variations extant.
The reverse has a $20 gold coin and various abstract elements. The back is orange.
The back design is green.
The back design is black.
The back is orange and features an eagle.
The front is similar, but the back is different and printed in brown.
Two different backs exist both with abstract designs.
The front features Hugh McCulloch, and the back has a vignette of an allegorical America.
The back design is orange.
Small size notes
Andrew Jackson has appeared on the $20 bill since the series of 1928. The placement of Jackson on the $20 bill is considered ironic; as president, he vehemently opposed both the National Bank and use of paper money. After the president of the Second Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle, defied Jackson and requested the renewal of the charter of the Second Bank in an election year, Jackson responded by making it a goal of his administration to destroy the National Bank. Jackson prevailed over Biddle, and the absence of the Second Bank contributed to a real estate bubble in the mid-1830s. The bubble collapsed in the Panic of 1837, leading to a deep depression.
Given Jackson's opposition to the concept of a National Bank, his presence on the $20 bill was controversial from the start. When pressed to reveal why the various images were chosen for the new bills, Treasury officials denied there was any political motivation. Instead, they insisted that the images were based only on their relative familiarity to the public. An article in the June 30, 1929 issue of the New York Times, stated "The Treasury Department maintains stoutly that the men chosen for small bills, which are naturally the ones in most demand, were so placed because their faces were most familiar to the majority of people." It is also true that 1928 coincides with the 100th anniversary of Jackson's election as president, but no evidence has surfaced that would suggest that this was a factor in the decision. According to more recent inquiries of the U.S. Treasury: "Treasury Department records do not reveal the reason that portraits of these particular statesmen were chosen in preference to those of other persons of equal importance and prominence."
1914: Began as a large-sized note, a portrait of Grover Cleveland on the face, and, on the back, a steam locomotive and an automobile approaching from the left, and a steamship approaching from the right.
1928: Switched to a small-sized note with a portrait of Andrew Jackson on the face and the south view of the White House on the reverse. The banknote is redeemable in gold or silver (at the bearer's discretion) at any Federal Reserve Bank.
1933: With the U.S. having abandoned the gold standard, the bill is no longer redeemable in gold, but rather in "lawful money", meaning silver.
1942: A special emergency series, with brown serial numbers and "HAWAII" overprinted on both the front and the back, is issued. These notes were designed to circulate on the Hawaiian islands and could be rendered worthless in the event of a Japanese invasion.
1948: The White House rendering on the reverse of the bill was updated to reflect renovations to the building itself, including the addition of the Truman Balcony, as well as the passage of time. Most notably, the trees are larger. The change occurred during production of Series 1934C.
1950: Design elements such as the treasury and Federal Reserve seals are reduced in size and repositioned subtly, presumably for aesthetic reasons.
1963: "Will Pay To The Bearer On Demand" is removed from the front of the bill and the legal tender designation is shortened to "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private" (eliminating "and is redeemable in lawful money at the United States Treasury, or at any Federal Reserve Bank.") Also, "In God We Trust" is added above the White House on the reverse. These two acts (one taking U.S. currency off the silver backing, and the other authorizing the national motto) are coincidental, even if their combined result is implemented in one redesign. Also, several design elements are rearranged, less perceptibly than the changes in 1950, mostly to make room for the slightly rearranged obligations.
1969: The new treasury seal appears on all denominations, including the $20.
The old presses are gradually retired, and old-style serial numbers appear as late as 1981 for this denomination.
Production of Series 1990 bills began in April 1992.
1994: The first $20 notes produced at the Western Currency Facility in Fort Worth, Texas are printed in January 1994, late during production of Series 1990.
1998: The Series 1996 $20 note was completely redesigned for the first time since 1929 to further deter counterfeiting; A larger, off-center portrait of Jackson was used and the view of the White House on the reverse of the bill was changed from the south portico to the north. Several new anti-counterfeiting features were added, including color-shifting ink, microprinting, and a watermark. The plastic strip now reads "USA 20" and glows green under a black light. Production of Series 1996 $20 notes began in June,1998.
2003: The redesigned Series 2004 20 dollar note is released with light background shading in green and yellow, and no oval around Andrew Jackson's portrait (background images of eagles, etc. were also added to the obverse); the reverse features the same view of the White House, but without an oval around it. Ninety faint "20"s are scattered on the back in yellow as a "EURion constellation" to prevent photocopying. Production of Series 2004 $20 notes began in April, 2003.
Series dates
Small size
Proposal for a woman's portrait
In a campaign called "Women on 20s", selected voters were asked to choose three of 15 female candidates to have a portrait on the bill. The goal was to have a woman on the bill by 2020, the centennial of the 19th Amendment which gave women the right to vote. Among the candidates on the petition were Harriet Tubman, Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, and Wilma Mankiller, the first female chief of the Cherokee Nation.
On May 12, 2015, Tubman was announced as the winning candidate of that "grassroots" poll with more than 600,000 people surveyed and more than 118,000 choosing Tubman, followed by Roosevelt, Parks and Mankiller.
On June 17, 2015, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew announced that a woman's portrait would be featured on a redesigned bill by 2020, replacing Alexander Hamilton. However, that decision was reversed, at least in part due to Hamilton's surging popularity following the hit Broadway musical Hamilton.
On April 20, 2016, Lew officially announced that Alexander Hamilton would remain on the bill, while Andrew Jackson would be replaced by Tubman on the front of the bill, with Jackson appearing on the reverse. Lew simultaneously announced that the five- and ten-dollar bills would also be redesigned in the coming years and put into production in the next decade.
Trump administration
While campaigning for president, Donald Trump responded to the announcement that Tubman would replace Jackson on the twenty-dollar bill. The day following the announcement Trump called Tubman "fantastic", but stated that he would oppose replacing Jackson with Tubman, calling the replacement "pure political correctness", and suggested that Tubman could perhaps be put on another denomination instead.
On August 31, 2017, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said that he would not commit to putting Tubman on the twenty-dollar bill, explaining "People have been on the bills for a long period of time. This is something we'll consider; right now we have a lot more important issues to focus on." According to a Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) spokesperson, the next redesigned bill will be the ten-dollar bill, not set to be released into circulation until at least 2026.
In May 2019, Mnuchin stated that no new imagery will be unveiled until 2026, and that a new bill will not go into circulation until 2028. In making the announcement, Mnuchin blamed the delay on technical reasons. However, an employee within the BEP told the New York Times that at the time of the announcement "the design appeared to be far along in the process." Democratic members of the House of Representatives asked Mnuchin to provide more specific reasons for the delay. The Director of the BEP, Len Olijar, released a statement saying that the "BEP was never going to unveil a note design in 2020" and that the illustration used by the New York Times was not a new $20 note. Later in June, the Treasury Department's acting inspector general, Rich Delmar, sent a letter to Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer stating that his office would investigate the issue.
In June 2020, the Office of Inspector General released a report detailing the results of its investigation, which concluded that the $20 note's position in the redesign sequence had not changed, that the earlier announcement of the 2020 date "was made outside of the note development governance structure and without the recommendation of the ACD" (referring to the Advanced Counterfeit Deterrence Steering Committee), that the $10 note redesign set to precede the $20 redesign had already been delayed to no earlier than 2026 by 2016, and that the $20 note had not yet entered the banknote design process and was not expected to be production-ready until 2030.
Biden administration
In January 2021, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said President Joe Biden will accelerate the Tubman redesign. However, the Tubman redesign is unlikely to be released until at least 2030.
See also
Twenty Bucks, a 1993 movie that follows the travels of a $20 bill.
References
External links
$20 Notes
1861 establishments in the United States
Currencies introduced in 1861
Cultural depictions of Andrew Jackson
020
Twenty-base-unit banknotes
White House
| 2,250
|
46960686
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunto%20Nacional%20%28Bras%C3%ADlia%29
|
Conjunto Nacional (Brasília)
|
Shopping Conjunto Nacional (Joint National Mall) is the first shopping center in Brasília, and the second mall to be built in Brazil. It was opened in 1971 and is located near the bus station in the Central Zone of Brasília. It is the largest mall in the Federal District and is among the top 30 of Brazil, with 320 stores and 118,100 square meters built.
External links
http://www.conjuntonacional.com.br/
Shopping malls in Brasília
Shopping malls established in 1971
Buildings and structures in Brasília
Tourist attractions in Brasília
1971 establishments in Brazil
| 142
|
21522078
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gola%2C%20Namys%C5%82%C3%B3w%20County
|
Gola, Namysłów County
|
Gola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świerczów, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately west of Świerczów, south of Namysłów, and north-west of the regional capital Opole.
References
Villages in Namysłów County
| 92
|
33206535
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflex
|
Deflex
|
Deflex, also known as Made In France, is an action game developed by Jeff Minter. The versions for the VIC-20 and Commodore PET in 1981 were the first games by Minter's own Llamasoft.
Gameplay
The gameplay in all versions follows the same basic mechanic. A ball bounces around the screen, moving in cardinal directions only and bouncing off at 180 degrees when it strikes the side of the screen. By pressing a key (or moving the joystick or touching the touchscreen), the player can cause a paddle to appear at the ball's current location, making the ball immediately bounce off the paddle and turn either left or right. Once placed, a paddle remains on screen, forcing the ball into more and more complex bouncing patterns. In addition, whenever the ball strikes a paddle, the paddle's direction is reversed. The objective of the game is to guide the ball to touch a randomly placed target that appears on screen. When the target is touched, score is awarded and a new target is placed, although all existing paddles remain. The player loses the game if a target is not touched within a time limit.
The original PET/VIC-20/ZX81 version displays one target at a time, and there is a single level which never ends.
Ports
The Commodore 64 version of Deflex is called Made In France (because the programmer was actually in France at the time he programmed that part of the game) was posted as a free download to the Compunet service. The gameplay is the same as the original version. This was also included as an easter egg in the game Iridis Alpha, where it identified itself only as "MIF BY YAK".
Deflex for the Pocket PC was later released and ported to Microsoft Windows. The game is divided into levels with each level having a pre-determined layout of multiple targets and sometimes pre-placed walls. The player muste collect all targets on the level within the time limit and number of lives. Hazardous objects instantly cost the player a life if the ball touches them, with the message "You clumsy donkey!"
The most recently released version is for iOS. This follows the same level-based structure as the PocketPC version, but the time limit returns to being between collection of individual targets rather than for the whole level, and touching a hazardous object deducts an amount of time rather than instantly losing the level. Placing paddles also deducts a small amount of time. Any previously reached level can be replayed. The ball may be precisely placed to touch multiple targets at the same time; doing this multiple times in series awards additional points. The soundtrack is composed of piano chords and arpeggios triggered by events in the game and voice-over reminiscent of Fluttershy from My Little Pony. Llamasoft stopped supporting iOS, and all of its games were removed from the app store.
References
1981 video games
Action games
Commodore 64 games
Commodore PET games
IOS games
Llamasoft games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Windows Mobile games
ZX81 games
ZX Spectrum games
| 659
|
46225388
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radox%20connector
|
Radox connector
|
RADOX Solar connectors are a largely obsolete electrical connector used to connect solar panels together in series to form strings.
The RADOX Solar brand covered a variety of products from Huber+Suhner of Switzerland, but the connectors are the best known member of the line and the term Radox connector is synonymous.
Application
The Radox connectors were most widely known from their use on REC solar panels from Norway, and did not find widespread use outside that market.
Radox connectors did not meet new US standards that required the cables to not be able to disconnect without the use of a tool. Many companies introduced new connectors to meet these requirements, like the MC4 connector and Solarlok, but the Radox was not updated and quickly disappeared from the market.
References
RADOX Solar Connectors
External links
Flat Roof Solar Mounting
Solar panel connectors
| 185
|
43991237
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbard%20Springs%2C%20Virginia
|
Hubbard Springs, Virginia
|
Hubbard Springs is an unincorporated community in Lee County, Virginia, in the United States.
History
A post office was established at Hubbard Springs in 1892, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1955. The community was named for Eli Hubbard, an early landowner.
References
Unincorporated communities in Lee County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
| 81
|
2999213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonia%20Fortress
|
Antonia Fortress
|
The Antonia Fortress (Aramaic: קצטרא דאנטוניה) was a citadel built by Herod the Great and named for Herod's patron Mark Antony, as a fortress whose chief function was to protect the Second Temple. It was built in Jerusalem at the eastern end of the so-called Second Wall, at the north-western corner of the Temple Mount.
History
Herod (r. 37 – c. 4 BCE) built the fortress to protect the Temple. He named it for his patron Mark Antony (83–30 BCE).
The fortress housed some part of the Roman garrison of Jerusalem. The Romans also stored the high priest's vestments within the fortress.
The fortress was one of the last strongholds of the Jews in the Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), when the Second Temple was destroyed.
Construction date controversy
The construction date is controversial because the name suggests that Herod built Antonia before the defeat of Mark Antony by Octavian in 31–30 BCE and Mark Antony's suicide in 30 BCE. Herod is famous for being an apt diplomat and pragmatist, who always aligned himself with the winning side and the "man in charge" of Rome. It is somewhat difficult to bring this date in accordance with the presumed date for the construction of the Herodian Temple.
Christian tradition
Traditionally, Christians have believed for centuries that the vicinity of the Antonia Fortress was the site of Pontius Pilate' praetorium, where Jesus was tried for high treason. This was based on the assumption that an area of Roman flagstones discovered beneath the Church of the Condemnation and the Convent of the Sisters of Zion was 'the pavement' which describes as the location of Jesus' trial.
Antonia pavement: archaeological counter-arguments
Pierre Benoit, former professor of New Testament studies at the École Biblique, reexamined the results of all previous surveys of the north-western escarpment of the Haram, of the archaeological studies of the sites owned by the Catholics in the area (Convent of the Sisters of Zion, Flagellation Monastery and St Anne Convent of the White Fathers), as well as the digs north of the Struthion Pool area, and published in 1971 his conclusions: Archaeological investigation indicates that about a century after the presumed time of Jesus' death, this area was rebuilt as the eastern of two forums belonging to the new city initiated by Hadrian in around 130 CE, the Aelia Capitolina, and it is conceivable that following the destruction of the Antonia Fortress during the siege of 70 CE, its pavement tiles were reused at Hadrian's forum. However, he also considers the possibility that the pavement is from Hadrian's time altogether. The eastern forum of the Aelia Capitolina was built over the Struthion Pool, which was mentioned by first-century historian Josephus as being adjacent to the fortress (Josephus, Jewish War 5:11:4).
Praetorium at royal palace, not at Antonia
There are textual and archaeological arguments against the trial of Jesus being carried out at the Antonia Fortress. Like Philo, Josephus testifies that the Roman governors stayed in Herod's Palace while they were in Jerusalem, and carried out their trials on the pavement immediately outside it (Josephus, Jewish Wars, 2:14:8). Josephus indicates that Herod's Palace is on the Western Hill (Jewish Wars, 5:2) and in 2001 some of its vestiges were rediscovered under a corner of the Tower of David. Archaeologists therefore conclude that in the first century, the praetorium—the residence of the praefectus (governor)—was in the former royal palace on the Western Hill, rather than at the Antonia Fortress, on the opposite side of the city. However, as the tradition retained its power in associating the fortress with Jesus' trial, the place where it once stood serves as the starting point of the Via Dolorosa commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus.
Two arguments for Antonia as the place of judgement
1. During the greatest pilgrimage feast, when hundreds of thousands came to the Temple, Pilate naturally had to be with his garrison next to the Temple mount as a potential focus of the uprising, and certainly the favorite place of religious and national zealots who wished independence from Rome.
2. According to Luke's Gospel (, and Luke checked the data, ), Pilate found out that Christ was from Galilee, "and when he knew that he was of Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him unto Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem in these days" (23:7). Herod Antipas, who came for the holiday from Galilee to Jerusalem, disappointed and angry because of Jesus’ silence, "sent him back to Pilate" (23:11), who then "called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people" (23:13). It seems that Pilate was not in Herod's castle. If the trial had taken place in Herod's castle, he could have simply asked Herod to come to the courtroom, as he summoned the chief priests and the leaders.
Description
Although modern reconstructions often depict the fortress as having a tower at each of four corners, Josephus repeatedly refers to it as "the tower Antonia", and states that it had been built by John Hyrcanus and later by King Herod, and used for a vestry, in which were reposited the vestments of the high priest. Josephus states:
The general appearance of the whole was that of a tower with other towers at each of the four corners; three of these turrets were fifty cubits high, while that at the south-east angle rose to seventy cubits and so commanded a view of the whole area of the temple.
Some archaeologists are also of the opinion that the fortress consisted only of a single tower, located at the south-east corner of the site. For example, Pierre Benoit writes that there is absolutely no archaeological support for there having been four towers.
Josephus attests to the importance of the Antonia: "For if the Temple lay as a fortress over the city, Antonia dominated the Temple & the occupants of that post were the guards of all three." Josephus placed the Antonia at the northwest corner of the colonnades surrounding the Temple. Modern depictions often show the Antonia as being located along the north side of the Temple enclosure.
Other theories
Some researchers and academics, including Marilyn Sams (M.A. in American Literature, Brigham Young University) and Dr. Robert Cornuke (Ph.D. in Bible and Theology, Louisiana Baptist University), have expanded on research by Dr. Ernest L. Martin (1932–2002, meteorologist, college professor, amateur archeologist), who offered evidence that the compound on what is commonly called the Temple Mount did not house the Jerusalem Temple, but is instead the remnants of a more massive Antonia Fortress, and that the rock inside the Dome of the Rock is not the Foundation Stone, but was inside the Praetorium of Pontius Pilate where Jesus was judged.
Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, however, argued that this theory "cannot be sustained", as it cannot be reconciled with Josephus' description, and it "does not account for the archaeological remains in the western section of the north wall". Josephus and archaeology don't leave much space for doubt in regard to the fact that the Temple Mount was indeed the site of the Herodian Temple, nor for the location of the Antonia near its north-western corner.
Both Josephus and archaeology concur that the Roman military camp after the 70 CE destruction was centered on the three towers next to Herod's royal palace on the Western Hill, and not on the Temple Mount, whose protective walls had been thrown down by the Romans, with the resulting debris visible until today along the Western Wall near Robinson's Arch. Roman military camps had rounded corners and four gates, one in each wall – the Herodian compound had angular corners and nine gates. Permanent camps were much larger, 50 acres on average; the Haram esplanade only contains 36 acres. There is no Roman camp explanation for the Hebrew inscription marking the Trumpeting Place. The Temple compound was surrounded by porticos (roofed colonnades following the inner walls of the compound), while military camps never were. Augustus trusted Herod and would not have built a controlling fortress towering over his capital and Temple, but no emperor would have gone so far as to entrust a legion to a client king.
Remains of a 4-metre thick wall and Herodian-style ashlars are still observable inside the Mamluk buildings in the north-west corner of the Haram and the adjacent area along its northern wall. Together they suggest the dimensions of the Antonia: 112 by 40 metres on the outside, signifying a 3300 square metre floor area, absolutely enough for a small garrison, but certainly not for the entire legion suggested by Martin.
Antonia did stand on a rocky outcrop, as written by Josephus, but here, as elsewhere in his writings, he did exaggerate its elevation above the surrounding ground. This still meant that the fortress dominated the Temple courts and porticos, the latter by over ten metres, matching Josephus' words: "the tower of Antonia lay at the angle where the two porticos, the western and the northern, of the first court of the Temple met" (JW 5:238), and "[a]t the point where the Antonia impinged on the porticos of the temple there were stairs leading down to both of them by which the guards descended" (JW 5:243; cf. ). The position and dimensions of those porticos can still be in part discerned, thanks to three surviving roof beam sockets carved out of the living rock of the rocky outcrop which once held the Antonia, north-west of the esplanade. Josephus' statement that all the porticos surrounding the Temple complex measured six stadia "including the Antonia" (JW 5:192) is off by a large margin (six stadia represent about 1.11 km, whereas the sides of the Haram esplanade today measure together about 1.55 km), but it clearly suggests that the fortress was contiguous with the Temple complex with no need for a "double causeway" to connect the two by spanning a distance of one stade (c. 150 m), as claimed by Martin.
See also
Bezetha
Church of Ecce Homo
Hasmonean Baris
Herodian architecture
References
Footnotes
Citations
External links
19 BC
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
1st-century BC establishments in Judea
Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
Ancient sites in Jerusalem
Archaeological sites in Israel
Architectural history
Former buildings and structures in Israel
Forts in Israel
Herod the Great
Ancient history of Jerusalem
Temple Mount
1st-century BC fortifications
Pontius Pilate
| 2,345
|
50219029
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawshay%20Bailey%2C%20Junior
|
Crawshay Bailey, Junior
|
Crawshay Bailey Junior (1841 – 17 April 1887) was one of the great landowners of Wales towards the end of the 19th century. The son and namesake of industrialist and iron-master Crawshay Bailey, he inherited all of his father's lands and properties, some in Wales alone.
He did not take on his father's iron manufacturing business, instead he devoted himself towards developing his landed estates. He built his family seat at Maindiff, Abergavenny and was an important benefactor to the area.
Early life
Although his father, Crawshay Bailey Snr, was married to Anne Moore, Crawshay Bailey Jnr was borne by Sarah Baker, a servant in the Bailey household. He was Bailey's only son.
Maindiff Court
Upon inheriting his father's estate in 1872, Bailey Jnr moved into a house at Maindiff, just outside Abergavenny. However, it failed to embody his new found wealth and status so in 1875 he built a new mansion, Maindiff Court, leading to him being dubbed locally the 'Squire of Maindiff'. The grand three-storey house had a 2-storey porch with a single storey portico extending from it, headed by a balustrade and supported on Corinthian columns. The house was later demolished in the 1930s to make way for Maindiff Court Hospital
Public life
In 1873, Bailey married Elizabeth, Countess Bettina, daughter of the Count Metaxa. Together they had two daughters, Clara and Augusta.
Bailey became an extremely popular figure in the Abergavenny area owing to his "benevolent and genial nature" and generous support of charitable institutions and projects in the town.
Maindiff Court acquired a reputation for "unbounded hospitality". The Bailey's threw garden parties for their tenants and their families, Bailey and his wife made themselves at home among the locals and all were made welcome to explore the house and gardens. A luxurious spread was provided and music and dancing went on until nightfall.
Testament to Bailey's popularity, the town celebrated the marriage of his eldest daughter in 1884 by decorating the streets with flags and banners. Crowds of thousands reportedly gathered in Abergavenny to welcome the newlyweds. A marching band lead the procession of carriages carrying the happy couple and the rest of the Bailey family from the railway station through the town and on to Maindiff Court, where they were greeted by a choir of local schoolchildren. Afterwards the crowd which had followed the procession adjourned to an adjoining field where the Baileys provided refreshments and later that evening entertainment in the form of a pyrotechnic display consisting of fireworks and bonfires lit on the surrounding hills. A similar celebration took place in 1888 for the marriage of Bailey's other daughter.
Benefaction
In Abergavenny and the surrounding area Bailey's benevolence can be still be appreciated.
In 1883 he leased the land known as 'Priory Meadows' in Abergavenny and established Bailey Park. He had gates and railings installed, employed a park keeper and opened the park to the public. In 1894 when the lease came to an end, the town purchased the park freehold with monies raised from the Bailey family.
Bailey was a staunch supporter of the church. In 1877 he helped raise £11,000 for the restoration of St Mary's church, Abergavenny. In 1879 he covered the £2000 cost of rebuilding St David's church in Llanddewi Skirrid, where he and his mother are buried. He was also responsible for the construction of the village hall in Llanddewi Skirrid and a lodge for the widow of the vicar there.
He also funded refurbishments to St Faith's church, Llanfoist where his father is buried.
Death
Bailey died in 1887 at the age of 46, after suffering a quick decline in his health. In the months leading up to his death he had become a recluse, living in Monkstown, Dublin, apparently in the hope that the sea air would remedy his declining health. At the time of his death he had become estranged from his family, after abruptly leaving them to travel the world, during which time he made little attempt to contact anybody back home. His death also came as a shock to the townspeople of Abergavenny who held him in high esteem and were unaware of his declining health.
References
Welsh landowners
1841 births
1887 deaths
19th-century British businesspeople
| 968
|
4838312
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantula%20%28Faithless%20song%29
|
Tarantula (Faithless song)
|
"Tarantula" is a song by British group Faithless. It was released in December 2001 as the third single from their third studio album Outrospective. The song reached number 29 in UK Singles Chart.
Track listing
UK CD1
Tarantula (Radio Edit) [Radio Mix] - 03:05
Tarantula (Rollo & Sister Bliss Funky As F*** Mix) - 08:28
Tarantula (Tiësto Remix) [Edit] - 08:20
UK CD2
Tarantula (Radio Edit) [Radio Mix] - 03:05
Tarantula (Rollo & Sister Bliss Big Mix) - 07:20
Tarantula (Hiver & Hammer Remix) - 07:03
Australian CD1
Crazy English Summer (DJ Aloé Remix) - 03:52
Tarantula (Radio Edit) - 03:05
Tarantula (Rollo & Sister Bliss Funky Mix) - 08:27
Tarantula (Subtech Remix) - 09:05
Muhammad Ali (Oliver Lieb Remix) - 07:10
Australian CD2
Crazy English Summer (Aloé Radio Edit) - 03:52
Tarantula (Radio Edit) - 03:05
Tarantula (Tiësto Remix) - 09:19
Tarantula (Hiver & Hammer Remix) - 07:02
Crazy English Summer (Aloé Extended Remix) - 06:03
German CD1
Tarantula (Radio Edit) - 03:19
Tarantula (Rollo & Sister Bliss Funky As F*** Mix) - 08:29
Tarantula (Tiësto Remix) - 09:21
Tarantula (Subtech Mix) - 09:06
German CD2
Tarantula (Radio Edit) - 03:19
Tarantula (Rollo & Sister Bliss Big Mix) - 07:19
Tarantula (Hiver & Hammer Remix) - 07:03
Crazy English Summer (DJ Aloé Remix) - 03:50
Danish Release
Crazy English Summer (Album Version) - 02:44
Crazy English Summer (DJ Aloé Remix) - 03:52
Crazy English Summer (Extended Remix) [DJ Aloé] - 06:03
Tarantula (Radio Edit) - 03:18
Chart positions
References
FaithlessWeb.com
Faithless / Rollo / Sister Bliss & related artists - Unofficial Discography
2001 singles
Faithless songs
Songs written by Rollo Armstrong
Songs written by Sister Bliss
Cheeky Records singles
2001 songs
Songs written by Maxi Jazz
| 561
|
64065095
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lady%20of%20the%20Photograph
|
The Lady of the Photograph
|
The Lady of the Photograph is a 1917 American silent comedy drama film directed by Ben Turbett and starring Shirley Mason, Raymond McKee and Gerald Pring. It was made by the Edison Studios shortly before they withdrew from production activities.
Synopsis
An aristocratic but impoverished young Englishman meets an American woman in Britain, but fears he cannot be worthy of her until he has settled his debts. However a self-made American he meets on his ship across the Atlantic offers to help him out financially in exchange for helping him to become a gentleman so that he can woo a woman whose photograph he carries around with him. The Englishman is shocked to discover that it is the same woman he in love with.
Cast
Shirley Mason as Marjorie Van Dam
Raymond McKee as Ferdinand 'Ferdy' Latimer
Royal Byron as John Brown
Dudley Hill as Eric Latimer
William Calhoun as Cornelius Van Dam
Gerald Pring as Captain Latimer
Jane Harvey as Mrs. Van Dam
References
Bibliography
Robert B. Connelly. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36. December Press, 1998.
External links
1917 films
1910s English-language films
American silent feature films
American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Ben Turbett
Films set in England
1917 drama films
1910s American films
Silent American drama films
| 308
|
400037
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Talbot%2C%201st%20Earl%20of%20Shrewsbury
|
John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
|
John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, 1st Earl of Waterford, 7th Baron Talbot, KG (17 July 1453), known as "Old Talbot", was an English nobleman and a noted military commander during the Hundred Years' War. He was the most renowned in England and most feared in France of the English captains in the last stages of the conflict. Known as a tough, cruel, and quarrelsome man, Talbot distinguished himself militarily in a time of decline for the English. Called the "English Achilles" and the "Terror of the French", he is lavishly praised in the plays of Shakespeare. The manner of his death, leading an ill-advised charge against field artillery, has come to symbolize the passing of the age of chivalry. He also held the subsidiary titles of 10th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 6th Baron Furnivall jure uxoris.
Origins
He was descended from Richard Talbot, the son of William "Le Sire" Talbot, whose estate (wife and infant son Hugh) was a tenant in 1086 of Walter Giffard at Woburn and Battlesden in Bedfordshire. The Talbot Family descends from William d'Hiemois, the illegitimate son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. William's son Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, was the father of William "Le Sire" Talbot (1046-1066). The Talbots were cousins of William "The Conqueror", King of England, and also the Giffard family. It is incorrect to suggest that the Talbot family were vassals of the Giffards in Normandy. Hugh Talbot, Richard's son, made a grant to Beaubec Abbey, confirmed by his son Richard Talbot in 1153. This Richard (died 1175) is listed in 1166 as holding three fees of the Honour of Giffard in Buckinghamshire. He also held a fee at Linton in Herefordshire, for which his son Gilbert Talbot (died 1231) obtained a fresh charter in 1190. Gilbert's grandson Gilbert (died 1274) married Gwenllian ferch Rhys Mechyll, who was incorrectly assumed to be the sole heiress of the Welsh Prince Rhys Mechyll, whose armorials were of the House of Deheubarth, and which the Talbots thenceforth assumed in lieu of their own former arms! Their son Sir Richard Talbot, who signed the Barons' Letter of 1301, held the manor of Eccleswall in Herefordshire in right of his wife Sarah, sister of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. In 1331 Richard's son Gilbert Talbot (1276–1346) was summoned to Parliament, which is considered evidence of his baronial status – see Baron Talbot. Gilbert's son Richard married Elizabeth Comyn, bringing with her the inheritance of Goodrich Castle.
John Talbot was born in about 1384 or more likely around 1387, the second son of Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot of Goodrich Castle, by Ankaret, daughter and sole heiress of the 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere. His birthplace was Black Mere Castle (the caput of his mother's estates) near Whitchurch, Shropshire, which is now a scheduled monument listed as Blakemere Moat, site of the demolished fortified manor house. His younger brother Richard became Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland: he was one of the most influential Irish statesmen of his time, and his brother's most loyal supporter during his often troubled years in Ireland. John also had an elder brother, Gilbert (born 1383), who was heir to their parents' baronies of Talbot and Strange.
His father died in 1396 when Talbot was around nine years old, and so it was Ankaret's second husband, Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, who became the major influence in his early life. The marriage (1401) also gave the opportunity of a title for her second son, as Neville had no sons, with the title Baron Furnivall going through his eldest daughter Maud (Talbot's stepsister), who would become John's first wife. Their marriage resulted in John styling himself as John Talbot, 6th Baron Furnivall.
Marriages and issue
Talbot was married before 12 March 1407 to Maud Neville, 6th Baroness Furnivall, daughter and heiress of his stepfather Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, the son of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby. The couple are thought to have had six children:
John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (c. 141310 July 1460)
Thomas Talbot (19 June 1416, Finglas, Ireland10 August 1416)
Lady Katherine Talbot (c. 1418c. 1500) married Sir Nicholas Eyton (c. 1405c. 1450), Sheriff of Shropshire 1440 & 1449.
Sir Christopher Talbot (141910 August 1443)
Lady Joan Talbot (c. 1422), married James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley
Lady Ann Talbot, married John Bottreaux, of Abbot's Salford.
By the death of his niece in 1421 he acquired the Baronies of Talbot and Strange. His first wife, Maud, died on 31 May 1422. It has been suggested that she died as an indirect result of giving birth to her daughter Joan, although there is a lack of evidence about Joan's life before her marriage to Lord Berkeley. There is even a theory that she was actually Talbot's daughter-in-law through marriage to Sir Christopher Talbot.
On 6 September 1425, in the chapel at Warwick Castle, he married Lady Margaret Beauchamp, eldest daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth de Berkeley. They had five children:
John Talbot, 1st Baron Lisle and 1st Viscount Lisle, who was killed along with his father at Castillon on 17 July 1453.
Sir Louis Talbot (c. 14291458) of Penyard
Sir Humphrey Talbot (before 14341492, Mount Sinai), marshal of Calais. Married Mary, daughter and co-heiress of John Champernoun, no issue. Died probably at Saint Catherine's Monastery.
Lady Eleanor Talbot (c. February/March 143630 June 1468) married to Sir Thomas Butler, and mistress or wife of King Edward IV.
Lady Elizabeth Talbot (c. December 1442/January 14436 November 1506/10 May 1507). She married John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk.
Talbot is known to have had at least one illegitimate child, Henry. He may have served in France with his father as it is known that a bastard son of the Earl of Shrewsbury was captured by the Dauphin Louis on 14 August 1443.
Early career and service in Ireland
From 1404 to 1413 he served with his elder brother Gilbert in the Welsh revolt or the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr. Meanwhile, he was summoned to Parliament in his wife's right from 1409. Then for five years from February 1414 he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, where he did some fighting. He had a dispute with James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond and Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn over the inheritance for the honour of Wexford which he held. Complaints were made against him both for his harsh government in Ireland and for acts of violence in Herefordshire, where he was a friend of the Lollard Sir John Oldcastle, and for land disputes with retainers of the Earl of Arundel.
The dispute with the Earl of Ormond escalated into a long-running feud between Talbot and his brother, the Archbishop of Dublin, on the one hand, and the Butler family and their allies the Berkeleys on the other. Relations between the two sides became so poisonous that it was said that real hatred was involved. The feud reached its height in the 1440s, and in the end just about every senior official in Ireland had taken sides in the quarrel. Both sides were reprimanded by the Privy Council for weakening English rule in Ireland: the Council implored them to make up their differences. Friendly relations were finally achieved by the marriage of Talbot's son and heir to Ormond's daughter, Lady Elizabeth Butler.
During John's first term in Ireland, his elder brother Gilbert was serving as a soldier in France. Gilbert died on 19 October 1418 at the siege of Rouen, and his lands were inherited by his only daughter and heiress Ankaret Talbot, John's niece. Ankaret, 6th Baroness Talbot, died shortly after on 13 December 1421 and the Talbot family lands were thus inherited by her uncle John, who became 7th Baron Talbot.
From 1420 to 1424 he served in France, apart from a brief return at the end of the first year to organise the festivities of celebrating the coronation of Catherine of Valois, the bride of Henry V. He returned to France in May 1421 and took part in the Battle of Verneuil on 17 August 1424 earning him the Order of the Garter.
In 1425, he was lieutenant again for a short time in Ireland; he served again in 1446–47. On the latter appointment he was made Earl of Waterford and hereditary Lord High Steward of Ireland.
Service in France
So far his career was that of a turbulent Marcher Lord, employed in posts where a rough hand was useful. It was for his actions in France that he would acquire his fame, however.
In 1427 he went again to France, where he fought alongside the Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Warwick with distinction in Maine and at the Siege of Orléans. He fought at the Battle of Patay on 18 June 1429 where he was captured and held prisoner for four years. He was released in exchange for the French leader Jean Poton de Xaintrailles and returned to England in May 1433. He stayed until July when he returned to France under the Earl of Somerset.
Talbot was a daring and aggressive soldier, perhaps the most audacious captain of the age. He and his forces were ever ready to retake a town and to meet a French advance. His trademark was rapid aggressive attacks. He was rewarded by being appointed governor and lieutenant general in France and Normandy and, in 1434, the Duke of Bedford made him Count of Clermont. He also reorganized the army with captains and lieutenants, trained the men for sieges, and equipped them accordingly. But when the Duke of Bedford died in 1435, the Burgundian government in Paris defected to the French, leaving Talbot, known as le roi talbot ("king Talbot") as the main English general in the field.
On 2 February 1436, he led a small force including Sir Thomas Kyriell and Sir Thomas Scales and routed La Hire and Xaintrailles at the battle of Ry near Rouen. Later that year, he did much to recover large portions of land on the Pays de Caux in eastern Normandy which had been lost to the French a few months earlier. On the dawn of 13 February 1437, in spectacular fashion, he took the town of Pontoise north of Paris by surprise, threatening the capital itself for a time. The same year at Crotoy, after a daring passage of the Somme, he put a numerous Burgundian force to flight. At night on 22–23 December 1439, following a surprise flank attack on their camp, he dispersed the 6000-strong army of the Constable Richemont, and on 7 July 1440 he retook Harfleur. In 1441, he pursued the French army four times over the Seine and Oise rivers in an unavailing attempt to bring it to battle.
Lord Shrewsbury
Around February 1442, Talbot returned to England to request urgent reinforcements for the Duke of York in Normandy. In March, under king's orders, ships were requisitioned for this purpose with Talbot himself responsible for assembling ships from the Port of London and from Sandwich.
On Whit Sunday, 20 May, Henry VI created him Earl of Shrewsbury. Just five days later, with the requested reinforcements, Talbot returned to France where in June they mustered at Harfleur. During that time, he met his six-year-old daughter Eleanor for the first time and almost certainly left the newly created Countess Margaret pregnant with another child.
In June 1443, Talbot again returned to England on behalf of the Duke of York to plead for reinforcements, but this time the English Council refused, instead sending a separate force under Shrewsbury's brother-in-law, Edmund Beaufort. His son, Sir Christopher, stayed in England where shortly afterwards he was murdered with a lance at the age of 23 by one of his own men, Griffin Vachan of Treflidian on 10 August at "Cawce, County Salop" (Caus Castle).
The English Achilles
He was appointed in 1445 by Henry VI (as the disputed king of France) as Constable of France. Taken hostage at Rouen in 1449 he promised never to wear armour against the French King again. He was true to the letter of his word, but continued to command English forces against the French without personally fighting. In England, he was widely renowned as the best general King Henry VI had. The king relied upon his support at Dartford in 1452, and in 1450 to suppress Cade's Revolt. In 1452 he was ordered to Bordeaux as the king's lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine, and landed there on 17 October. He repaired castle garrisons facing mounting pressure from France, when some reinforcements arrived with his son John, Viscount Lisle in spring 1453, and he captured Fronsac.
Death
Talbot was decisively defeated and killed on 17 July 1453 at the Battle of Castillon near Bordeaux, which effectively ended English rule in Aquitaine, a principal cause of the Hundred Years' War. It was reported at the time that when his horse was fatally struck by enemy ordinance, it fell on top of Talbot and pinned him down, enabling a French soldier to finish him off with a battleaxe. His heart was buried in the doorway of St Alkmund's Church, Whitchurch, Shropshire.
The victorious French generals raised a monument to Talbot on the field called Notre Dame de Talbot and a French Chronicler paid him handsome tribute:
"Such was the end of this famous and renowned English leader who for so long had been one of the most formidable thorns in the side of the French, who regarded him with terror and dismay" – Matthew d'Escourcy
Although Talbot is generally remembered as a great soldier, some have raised doubts as to his generalship. In particular, charges of rashness have been raised against him. Speed and aggression were key elements in granting success in medieval war, and Talbot's numerical inferiority necessitated surprise. Furthermore, he was often in the position of trying to force battle on unwilling opponents. At his defeat at Patay in 1429 he was advised not to fight there by Sir John Fastolf, who was subsequently blamed for the debacle, but the French, inspired by Joan of Arc, showed unprecedented fighting spirit – usually they approached an English position with trepidation. The charge of rashness is more justifiable at Castillon, where Talbot, misled by mistaken reports of a French retreat, attacked their entrenched camp frontally with his advance force, facing wheel to wheel field artillery and refusing to temporarily back off and allow his full force to arrive.
On a political level, his governorship of Ireland degenerated into bitter feuding and personal hatreds. The Crown itself reprimanded him for weakening English rule in Ireland, though in fairness he was far from being the only culprit.
Ancestry
Cultural influence
He is portrayed heroically in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 1: "Valiant Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, Created, for his rare success in arms". Talbot's failures are all blamed on Fastolf and feuding factions in the English court. Thomas Nashe, commenting on the play in his booklet Pierce Penniless, stated that Talbot's example was inspiring Englishmen anew, two centuries after his death,
How would it have joyed brave Talbot, the terror of the French, to think that after he had lain two hundred years in his tomb, he should triumph again on the stage, and have his bones new embalmed with the tears of ten thousand spectators at least (at several times) who in the tragedian that represents his person imagine they behold him fresh bleeding. I will defend it against any collian or clubfisted usurer of them all, there is no immortality can be given a man on earth like unto plays.
Fiction
John Talbot is shown as a featured character in Koei's video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War, appearing as the left-arm of Edward, the Black Prince, in which he assists the former and the respective flag of England throughout his many portrayals.
Talbot appears as one of the primary antagonists in the PSP game Jeanne d'Arc.
See also
Talbot Shrewsbury Book
Talbot (dog)
Château Talbot
HMS Talbot (1895)
Footnotes
References
Other sources
Allmand, C T (1983) Lancastrian Normandy, 1415–1450: The History of a Medieval Occupation. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, pp. xiii, 349
Barker, J. (2000) The Hundred Years War
Bradbury, M. (1983) Medieval Archery
Mortimer, I. (2008), 1415: A Year of Glory
Pollard, A.J. (1983) John Talbot and the War in France, 1427–1453, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, Inc
Sumption, J. (2004) The Hundred Years War: Trial by Fire vol. 2 of 2
Talbot, Rev H., (1980) The English Achilles: the life of John Talbot
Further reading
External links
A brief short history of Lord John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
Lord John Talbot
|-
|-
14th-century births
1453 deaths
15th-century English nobility
Barons Talbot
Constables of France
Earls of Shrewsbury
Earls of Waterford
English military personnel killed in action
English soldiers
Knights of the Garter
Le Strange family
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Male Shakespearean characters
People of the Hundred Years' War
John
Barons Strange of Blackmere
| 4,069
|
38259794
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Cameron%20%28biblical%20scholar%29
|
Ron Cameron (biblical scholar)
|
Ron Cameron (born 1951) is an American biblical scholar. He is currently a professor of religion at Wesleyan University. He is an editor of the SBL Seminar on Ancient Myths and Modern Theories of Christian Origins, a series which reassesses the agenda of modern scholarship on Christian origins.
Published works
Redescribing Christian Origins Ron Cameron, Merrill P. Miller - 2004
Redescribing Paul and the Corinthians Ron Cameron, Merrill P. Miller - 2011
The Other Gospels: Non-Canonical Gospel Texts Ron Cameron - 2001 - Sixteen texts constituting what remains of the non-canonical gospels from the first and second centuries. Some of these apocryphal gospels are from the Nag Hammadi library, made available only recently.
editor of The Apocryphal Jesus and Christian Origins (Semeia 49).
References
American biblical scholars
Living people
1951 births
| 191
|
14078262
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Yazvinskyy
|
Roman Yazvinskyy
|
Roman Yazvinskyy (born 30 November 1986 in Lviv) is a Ukrainian luger who competed in the mid-2000s. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, but crashed out toward the end of the first run. Yazvinskyy was sent to a hospital with an unspecified head injury.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Ukrainian male lugers
Olympic lugers for Ukraine
Lugers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Lviv
| 121
|
10615096
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajkumar%20%281964%20film%29
|
Rajkumar (1964 film)
|
Rajkumar ( Prince) is a 1964 Hindi film directed by K. Shankar. It stars Prithviraj Kapoor, Shammi Kapoor, Sadhana, Pran, Om Prakash. The music is by Shankar-Jaikishan and the lyrics were written by Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. The film became a huge box office hit.
Cast
Prithviraj Kapoor as Maharaja
Shammi Kapoor as Prince Bhanupratap / Bhagatram
Sadhana as Princess Sangeeta
Pran as Narpat
Om Prakash as Bimasal
Rajendranath as Kapil / Jagatram
Achala Sachdev as Padma
Tun Tun as Champakali
Manorama as Maharani Kalavanti
K. V. Shanthi as Princess Sangeeta's Maid
Plot
The Maharaja is eager to see his foreign-returned son, Bhanupratap, who will eventually take over the reign of the region. When he finally gets to see his son, he is shocked to see that the crown prince is in fact a "clown" prince. He openly shows his disgust and disappointment, and decides to continue to rule. Bhanupratap and his friend, Kapil, decide to dress incognito and mingle with the general public and find out if there is anyone conspiring to dethrone the king. What they find out will change their lives, and endanger the lives of their loved ones as well.
The antagonist Narpat, who is the brother of prince's stepmother kills the tribal king and incriminates Bhanupratap of the murder, compelling his daughter Princess Sangeeta to avenge her father's death. The Maharaja however, assures her that justice will be done the next day. Bhanupratap escapes the palace with the help of his friend and disguises himself as Bhagatram, while romancing the unaware princess. Finally, the Prince manages to get proof of his innocence to the Maharaja, but Narpat imprisons the king by binding him on his throne far away from public view and ask the princess to avenge her father's death by shooting the prince with a bow and arrow and accidentally also reveals that Bhanupratap was disguised as Bhagatram. Sangeeta though not happy to shoot the love of her life, lifts the bow to shoot the prince when all the prince's friends, nanny and well wishers attack Narpat's goons, thereby rescuing the Maharaja in the process. The Prince and Narpat had a fight at the end and he hands over Narpat to the princess. The princess shoots Narpat, the real murderer of her father. The Prince and the Princess get married and live happily ever after.
Soundtrack
References
External links
1964 films
1960s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan
Films directed by K. Shankar
| 650
|
63367677
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senator%20Vaughan
|
Senator Vaughan
|
Senator Vaughan or Vaughn may refer to:
Don Vaughan (politician) (born 1952), North Carolina State Senate
Horace Worth Vaughan (1867–1922), Texas State Senate
Jackie Vaughn III (1917–2006), Michigan State Senate
Lewis R. Vaughn (born 1938), South Carolina State Senate
| 66
|
11018213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20tragedy%20song
|
Teenage tragedy song
|
A teenage tragedy song is a style of ballad in popular music that peaked in popularity in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Examples of the style are also known as "tear jerkers", "death discs" or "splatter platters", among other colorful sobriquets coined by DJs that then passed into vernacular as the songs became popular. Often lamenting teenage death scenarios in melodramatic fashion, these songs were often sung from the viewpoint of the dead person's sweetheart, as in "Last Kiss" (1961), or another witness to the tragedy, or the dead (or dying) person. Notable examples include "Teen Angel" by Mark Dinning (1959), "Tell Laura I Love Her" by Ray Peterson (1960), "Ebony Eyes" by the Everly Brothers (1961), "Dead Man's Curve" by Jan and Dean (1964), and "Leader of the Pack" by the Shangri-Las (1964). The genre's popularity faded around 1965 (as a mostly American phenomenon, it was one of many musical styles drowned out by the British Invasion), but the hits from its heyday inspired a host of similar songs and parodies over the years.
Origins and format
By the mid-1950s, postwar youth culture in the U.S. was embracing rock and roll, and the folk revival was also approaching its zenith – the narrative style of many teenage tragedy songs had similarities to folk balladry. Prison ballads (such as the Kingston Trio's "Tom Dooley", based on a folk song about a real murder) and gunfighter ballads (such as Johnny Cash's "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" and Marty Robbins' "El Paso", the latter followed at #1 by two consecutive teenage tragedy songs, "Running Bear" and "Teen Angel"), with similar themes of death, were also popular during the heyday of teen tragedy songs.
The teen tragedy genre's popular era began with "Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots", written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Released just before 24-year-old actor James Dean's death in an automobile accident in the fall of 1955, it climbed the charts immediately afterward. Teenage tragedies had specific thematic tropes such as star-crossed lovers, reckless youth, eternal devotion, suicide, and despair over lost love; along with lyrical elements that teens of the time could relate to their own lives – such as dating, motorcycles and automobiles (car songs also being popular during the 1950s), and disapproving parents or peers. Contemporary girl groups of the '60s also borrowed the genre's melodramatic template (as well as the use of sound effects, orchestration, echo and other sonic touches) for non-fatal but otherwise tragic story-songs, such as Reparata and the Delrons' over-the-top "Saturday Night Didn't Happen" and its B-side, "Panic", in 1968. In the Pussycats' 1966 "Dressed in Black", (co-written by George 'Shadow' Morton, and originally a Shangri-Las B-side) and in "We Don't Belong" by UK singer Sylvan (1965), the heartbreak and melancholy are palpable – and in Sylvan's case, nearly suicidal.
Ethnomusicologist Kirsten Zemke considers these songs as forming a strictly musical genre that was bound by common thematic tropes, musical style and production elements; and as being of their time. As for their popularity, she writes:They sold well in their time, and the style has persisted throughout the decades in various forms. And ….they have an interesting history. The question some writers have asked is "why?". Some of the reasons suggested for this genre’s macabre popularity are:
These were the ultimate teen rebellion songs. The only way out of parents' (and/or societal) control and expectations was death.
They were a natural extension of the "unrequited love" song, facilitated by the obvious rhyming of: good bye, cry and die.
There were a number of publicized deaths of pop stars and young actors during that period, including Sam Cooke, Johnny Ace, Eddie Cochran; and of course the plane crash that killed Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and the Big Bopper in 1959. This might explain the interest in songs around death, tragedy and sorrow.
Examples
Deathless themes
Teenagers meeting with tragedy in song was not new in the 1950s (or for that matter in the 1650s, around the time "Barbara Allen" was popular). In literature, it has been a recurring and resonant theme over centuries, most notably in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Another early example in song is "Oh My Darling, Clementine", published in 1884 but based on earlier songs and apparently written as a parody.
As popular music and the society it mirrored changed from the late 1960s onward, the themes carried on in different forms and styles. Songs and spoken-word productions about the dangers of drug abuse joined the parade of pathos on radio airwaves, ranging from three-minute morality plays to lamentations (from the parental perspective) on the generation gap. These include "Once You Understand" by Think (U.S. #23, 1971) and radio and TV host Art Linkletter's Grammy-winning single "We Love You, Call Collect" (U.S. #42, 1969). Recorded before his daughter Diane's apparent suicide in 1969, the record also included Diane speaking the reply, "Dear Mom and Dad". Into the 1970s, as the Vietnam War continued, hit ballads of youth and death included Terry Jacks' No. 1 hit "Seasons in the Sun" (1974), their protagonists of indeterminate age, or slightly older than teens. A song that was thought to have referenced the Civil War was Paper Lace's 1974 hit "Billy Don't Be a Hero", made a bigger hit in the U.S. by Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods. Hard-rock acts recorded vehicular death scenarios such as "D.O.A." (Bloodrock, 1971), "Detroit Rock City" (Kiss, 1976) and "Bat Out of Hell" (Meat Loaf, 1977).
Teenage tragedy would continue to chart through the 1970s. In 1979, "I Don't Like Mondays" was written by Bob Geldof and Johnnie Fingers, inspired by the Grover Cleveland school shooting in San Diego that occurred while the Boomtown Rats were on tour in the U.S. The song went to No. 1 in the U.K., and No. 4 in Canada. The Smiths' 1987 song "Girlfriend in a Coma" also took inspiration from teenage tragedy songs, by taking the melodramatic aspect and pushing it to extremes. Some songs merely updated the sound of the previous era, such as "Racing Car" by Dutch group Air Bubble (1976), while others used the melodic and stylistic tropes of teen tragedy in tougher, grittier settings, as in the Ramones' "You're Gonna Kill That Girl" (1977) and "7-11" (1981), and the Misfits' "Saturday Night" (1999). "Teen Idle" by Marina and the Diamonds (2012), evoking an archetype of disenfranchised youth, is a thematic heir to the original teen tragedy oeuvre.
Satires and parodies
Notable parody songs, satires and send-ups of teen tragedy over the decades have included:
"Let's Think About Living" (1960), with Bob Luman mocking then-current musical trends, and trying to steer listeners away from the fascination with teenage death songs and gunfighter ballads.
"Valerie", a 1961 doo-wop styled teen tragedy spoof by the Mark III, a young folk trio.
"All I Have Left is Johnny's Hubcap" on the 1962 parody album, Mad “Twists” Rock ’n’ Roll, produced in association with Mad magazine.
"Surfin' Tragedy" (1963) by the Breakers, in which a surfer careens "90 miles an hour" into a Malibu pier, killing him instantly. It is included on The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records.
"Leader of the Laundromat" by the Detergents (1964), a direct parody of the Shangri-Las' hit, written by Paul Vance and Lee Pockriss. The Detergents were a studio group that included singer Ron Dante, later of the Archies.
Jimmy Cross's "I Want My Baby Back" (1965), a novelty record about a fatal head-on collision with "The Leader of the Pack", narrated in a down-home patter reminiscent of Andy Griffith. The single made the Billboard Hot 100 (reaching #92), and became a cult classic years later from airplay on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show; it is on the World's Worst Records compilation and on Rhino's 1984 compilation LP Teenage Tragedies.
In a 1965 episode of The Lucy Show, "Lucy in the Music World", Lucille Ball tried to appeal to teenagers with a song about a boyfriend whose "surfboard came back by itself." She had been advised that youth today "aren't happy unless they're miserable."
"Death Cab for Cutie" by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band (1967), the inspiration for the band of the same name.
Randy Newman's song "Lucinda", on his 1970 album 12 Songs, concerns a girl who falls asleep on the beach in her graduation gown, and is killed and buried by a beach cleaning machine.
In John Entwistle's "Roller Skate Kate", from his 1973 album Rigor Mortis Sets In, the heroine is killed while skating in the high-speed lane of the motorway.
10cc's 1973 song "Johnny Don't Do It", done in the style of early 1960s girl-group songs, with the trope of the bad boy who is good but misunderstood. Johnny steals a motorcycle and hits a truck, killing his girlfriend along with himself.
"Pizza Man," a parody of "Leader of the Pack", sung by Alice Playten as part of the National Lampoon Lemmings stage show and subsequent album, in 1973.
Gilda Radner, Jane Curtin, and Laraine Newman recorded a song for season 2 of Saturday Night Live entitled "Chevy, Chevy" which is a send-up of teen tragedy, presenting Chevy Chase as a teen idol.
On The Rich Little Show of March 8, 1976, Tom Bosley and "Sweathogs" Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs, Robert Hegyes, and Ron Palillo sang a parody of the genre called "Pizza Death", in which the simple-minded driver of a pizzeria delivery van crashed, affording the by-standers an opportunity for free pizza.
"My Baby's the Star of a Driver's Ed Movie," a 1983 song by Blotto.
"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun" by comedian and singer Julie Brown. Released nationally in 1984, the song (along with an accompanying video in heavy MTV rotation) was both a parody of the genre, and a satire of valley girl culture.
Tom Chapin and Michael Mark wrote a parody of a teenage tragedy song called "The Battle Beast and Barbie" for Chapin's 1994 album "So Nice To Come Home." Written in the parodic style of a '60s girl group tragedy ballad, it involves two plastic toys who "met by accident and fell in love", only for Battle Beast to be shot down by "Ken" at the school prom.
The MST3K treatment of the 1996 film Werewolf included a sketch in which Mike and the bots dressed up as a girl group to sing "Where, O Werewolf", about "Suzy" (Mike) in a doomed relationship with her werewolf boyfriend.
"Road Man" by Smash Mouth, in which a roadie is hit by a train while rushing to get the band's gear to a show.
Rilo Kiley, with lead singer Jenny Lewis, recorded "Teenage Love Song", a genre parody in which the singer laments being abandoned by her boyfriend after having sex in a motel room.
In "The Living End" by the Jesus and Mary Chain, a leather-clad biker in love with himself ends up crashing into a tree.
See also
Tragedy
Murder ballad
Obituary poetry
Star-crossed lovers
List of car crash songs
References
External links
Oldies.about.com
| 2,661
|
50894194
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20delegate%20pattern
|
Business delegate pattern
|
Business delegate is a Java EE design pattern.
This pattern is directed towards reducing the coupling in between business services and the connected presentation tier, and to hide the implementation details of services (including lookup and accessibility of EJB architecture). Business delegates acts as an adaptor to invoke business objects from the presentation tier.
Structure
Requests to access underlying business services are sent from clients, and lookup services are used by business delegates to locate the business service components.
Components
Basic components are Business delegate, Lookup service and business service.
Business delegate
Control and protection are provided through business delegate which can have two types of constructures, without ID and with ID, where ID is a string version of the reference to a remote object such as EJBHome or EJBObject.
Lookup service
Business service is located by lookup service which is used by the business delegate. The implementation details of business service lookup is encapsulated by lookup service.
Business service
This a business-tier component, such as an enterprise bean or a JMS component, which provides the required service to the client.
Consequences
Some consequences are as follows:
More flexibility and maintainability as intermediate business delegate layer decouples the business layer from the presentation layer.
Business delegate exposes a uniform API to the presentation tier to access business logic.
Concerns
Following concerns can be considered:
Maintenance due to the extra layer that increases the number of classes in the application.
Business delegate should take care of the changes of the remote business object interfaces, and these types of changes are rare.
Sample code
A sample code for a Professional Services Application (PSA), where a Web-tier client needs to access a session bean that implements the session facade pattern, is provided below.
Resource Delegate:
public class ResourceDelegate {
// Remote reference for Session Facade
private ResourceSession session;
// Class for Session Facade's Home object
private static final Class homeClazz =
corepatterns.apps.psa.ejb.ResourceSessionHome.class;
// Default Constructor. Looks up home and connects
// to session by creating a new one
public ResourceDelegate() throws ResourceException {
try {
ResourceSessionHome home = (ResourceSessionHome)
ServiceLocator.getInstance().getHome(
"Resource", homeClazz);
session = home.create();
} catch(ServiceLocatorException ex) {
// Translate Service Locator exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
} catch(CreateException ex) {
// Translate the Session create exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the Remote exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public BusinessDelegate(String id)
throws ResourceException {
super();
reconnect(id);
}
public String getID() {
try {
return ServiceLocator.getId(session);
} catch (Exception e) {
// Throw an application exception
}
}
public void reconnect(String id)
throws ResourceException {
try {
session = (ResourceSession)
ServiceLocator.getService(id);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the Remote exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public ResourceTO setCurrentResource(
String resourceId)
throws ResourceException {
try {
return session.setCurrentResource(resourceId);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the service exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public ResourceTO getResourceDetails()
throws ResourceException {
try {
return session.getResourceDetails();
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the service exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public void setResourceDetails(ResourceTO vo)
throws ResourceException {
try {
session.setResourceDetails(vo);
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public void addNewResource(ResourceTO vo)
throws ResourceException {
try {
session.addResource(vo);
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
// all other proxy method to session bean
...
}
Remote interface for ResourceSession:
public class ResourceDelegate {
// Remote reference for Session Facade
private ResourceSession session;
// Class for Session Facade's Home object
private static final Class homeClazz =
corepatterns.apps.psa.ejb.ResourceSessionHome.class;
// Default Constructor. Looks up home and connects
// to session by creating a new one
public ResourceDelegate() throws ResourceException {
try {
ResourceSessionHome home = (ResourceSessionHome)
ServiceLocator.getInstance().getHome(
"Resource", homeClazz);
session = home.create();
} catch(ServiceLocatorException ex) {
// Translate Service Locator exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
} catch(CreateException ex) {
// Translate the Session create exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the Remote exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public BusinessDelegate(String id)
throws ResourceException {
super();
reconnect(id);
}
public String getID() {
try {
return ServiceLocator.getId(session);
} catch (Exception e) {
// Throw an application exception
}
}
public void reconnect(String id)
throws ResourceException {
try {
session = (ResourceSession)
ServiceLocator.getService(id);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the Remote exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public ResourceTO setCurrentResource(
String resourceId)
throws ResourceException {
try {
return session.setCurrentResource(resourceId);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the service exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public ResourceTO getResourceDetails()
throws ResourceException {
try {
return session.getResourceDetails();
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
// Translate the service exception into
// application exception
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public void setResourceDetails(ResourceTO vo)
throws ResourceException {
try {
session.setResourceDetails(vo);
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
public void addNewResource(ResourceTO vo)
throws ResourceException {
try {
session.addResource(vo);
} catch(RemoteException ex) {
throw new ResourceException(...);
}
}
// all other proxy method to session bean
...
}
See also
service locator pattern
Proxy pattern
Adapter pattern
Broker Pattern
References
Software design patterns
Articles with example Java code
| 2,979
|
58042362
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrahim%20Zand
|
Ebrahim Zand
|
Ebrahim Zand (1888-1974) was an Iranian politician.
Zand received his primary education in Tehran and went to Russia to continue his education. He entered the St. Petersburg School of Law and received a college degree there. In 1920, after returning to Iran, he entered the State Department. He became the Director General of the Ministry of Agriculture and was appointed 5 times no less as Minister of War. Between 1950 and 1951, he was the governor of Bank Melli Iran, Iran's central bank at that time. Then he served as governor of Isfahan, and was succeeded in this post by Mohammad Ali Keshavarz Sadr.
He was also the Iranian ambassador to Turkey, Italy and Spain.
References
20th-century Iranian diplomats
1888 births
1974 deaths
Iranian governors
Government ministers of Iran
Iranian bankers
Central bankers
Ambassadors of Iran to Turkey
Ambassadors of Iran to Italy
Ambassadors of Iran to Spain
People of Pahlavi Iran
| 218
|
1330901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat%20of%20arms%20of%20New%20Zealand
|
Coat of arms of New Zealand
|
The coat of arms of New Zealand () is the heraldic symbol representing the South Pacific island country of New Zealand. Its design reflects New Zealand's history as a bicultural nation, with a European female figure on one side and a Māori rangatira (chief) on the other. The symbols on the central shield represent New Zealand's trade, agriculture and industry, and a Crown represents New Zealand's status as a constitutional monarchy.
The initial coat of arms was granted by warrant of King George V on 26 August 1911, and the current version was granted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1956. While the use of the coat of arms is restricted to the New Zealand Government, the symbol enjoys wide use on state decorations; it appears on the uniform of the police and is on the cover of the national passport.
History
Until 1911, New Zealand used the same royal coat of arms as the United Kingdom.
With the evolution of New Zealand self-government, especially the granting of dominion status in 1907, it was decided that a new coat of arms was required. An official competition held in 1908 received 78 designs. The winning entry was a design by James McDonald, a draughtsman in the Department of Tourist and Health Resorts. Some minor adjustments were made to the design and the arms were granted by Royal Warrant of King George V on 26 August 1911. The warrant was published in the New Zealand Gazette of 11 January 1912.
The central shield has remained unaltered since 1911. It comprises a quartered shield containing in the first quarter four stars representing the Southern Cross constellation (as depicted on the national flag, but with the stars in different proportions); in the second quarter, a golden fleece; in the third, a wheat sheaf; and in the fourth, two hammers (see § Symbolism). Over all this is a pale—a broad vertical strip—with three ships representing the importance of maritime trade and "recalling the 19th-century settlement of the country by European migrants".
1956 redesign
In the original design, the crest was a demi-lion (the upper half of a rampant lion) holding the Union Flag, and the scroll at the shield's base featured the then motto of the country, "Onward".
Although the Royal Warrant specified the design of the coat of arms, by the mid-1940s at least 20 variants were in use. One month prior to New Zealand's adoption of the Statute of Westminster (which formally accepted the full external autonomy offered by the British Parliament) on 25 September 1947, a special committee was formed by then Prime Minister Peter Fraser. Responsible for the "redrawing and standardisation of the Coat of Arms", the committee consisted of Alister McIntosh, Joe Heenan, Colin Aikman, Frank Corner, Foss Shanahan and Professor John Cawte Beaglehole. One of the committee's concerns was that the female supporter looked too much like a "Soviet heroine". Following the election of the First National Government in 1949, the new Attorney-General, Jack Marshall (later Prime Minister) took up responsibility for the committee. Marshall requested the woman to be re-drawn based on the likeness of Grace Kelly, a favourite actress of his.
Queen Elizabeth II approved a revised version in 1956; she also expressly authorised the use of the St Edward's Crown in the arms. That design is still in use today.
Symbolism
The coat of arms depicts a shield with four quadrants divided by a central pale:
The first quadrant depicts the four stars on the national flag, representing the asterism within the constellation of Crux; the second quadrant depicts a golden fleece, representing the nation's farming industry; the third depicts a sheaf of wheat for agriculture; and the fourth quadrant depicts crossed hammers for mining.
The pale depicts three ships, representing the importance of sea trade, and the immigrant nature of all New Zealanders.
The dexter supporter is a European woman carrying the flag of New Zealand, while the sinister supporter is a Māori rangatira (chief) holding a taiaha (fighting weapon) and wearing a kaitaka (flax cloak).
The female figure is said to be a depiction of Zealandia, a common national personification of New Zealand during the first half of the 20th century. It also broadly represents all "non-indigenous citizens of the country".
The shield is surmounted by a rendition of St Edward's Crown, which has been used in the coronations of New Zealand's monarchs. The Crown also represents New Zealand's historic ties to the United Kingdom.
Below is a scroll with "New Zealand" on it, behind which (constituting the "heraldic compartment" on which the supporters stand) are two fern branches, representing the native vegetation.
Status and uses
None of New Zealand's national symbols—including the flag, the anthems, and coat of arms—are mentioned in the Constitution Act 1986. The official use of the coat of arms was mandated by Royal Warrant in 1911. The use of state, royal, and viceregal emblems is also protected by the Flags, Emblems, and Names Protection Act 1981.
The arms are a symbol of national sovereignty. As such, official usage of the coat of arms is restricted to the New Zealand Government. The symbol is used as a mark of authority by various government agencies and representatives, including the prime minister and Cabinet, and most courts, including the Supreme Court. The coat of arms also feature on all Acts of Parliament; and on the cover of the New Zealand passport, alongside the silver fern, another popular symbol of New Zealand.
Since 1962, a banner of the arms, defaced with a royal symbol, has formed the sovereign's personal flag for New Zealand, for use by the Queen in her capacity as monarch of New Zealand. The flag of the governor-general of New Zealand has, since 2008, featured the shield of the arms on a blue background.
On a few special occasions, such as royal visits or jubilee celebrations, individuals and private organisations can display the coat of arms temporarily. It can only be used or published with the permission of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
See also
Flag of New Zealand
Seal of New Zealand, used to authorise official instruments of government
Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag
New Zealand heraldry
References
External links
A National Symbol?, by Denis Glover, about Zealandia, Britannia's daughter: the woman symbolising New Zealand. 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
legislation.govt.nz – Flags, Emblems, and Names Protection Act 1981
National Arms of New Zealand (with history and images), at Heraldry of the World
New Zealand
National symbols of New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
| 1,452
|
11660413
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swab%20Summer
|
Swab Summer
|
The United States Coast Guard Academy's Swab Summer is a seven-week initiation through which all cadets are required to pass. It is the academy's boot camp. Swab Summer is a unique nickname for the program at the Coast Guard comparable to Cadet Basic Training (Beast Barracks) at the United States Military Academy and Plebe Summer at the United States Naval Academy.
The program is intended to emphasize the principles of fellowship, teamwork, seamanship, and military life and introduce cadets to the Coast Guard core values of honor, respect, and devotion to duty. During the summer, Swabs are both physically and mentally tested. They will run obstacle courses, complete team ropes course challenges, learn basic sailing at the Jacobs Rock Seamanship and Sailing center, and do daily calisthenics, while also learning Coast Guard History, their chain of command, and other information (collectively known as "indoc"). Over the course of the summer, the Swabs are tested repeatedly on indoc through written and oral tests to prepare them for the Boards Indoctrination Exam the following spring, the final test of all the indoc learned over the whole year.
Swab Summer is run by the 'cadre', rising 2nd Class (2/c) cadets (cadets entering their Junior year) who experienced themselves Swab Summer two years prior. These cadre are personally trained by Coast Guard Cape May Company Commanders during the Mid-Grade Cadet Transition Program ("100th Week") before training the incoming Swabs. A select group of rising 1st Class (1/c) cadets, known as Battalion Staff, are the cadre's supervisors and the organizers of the logistics necessary for the summer training period.
The Summer Battalion of cadets is divided into 4 companies with 2 platoons in each company (Alfa and Bravo in First Company, Charlie and Delta in Second Company, Echo and Foxtrot in Third Company, Golf and Hotel in Fourth Company). Each company is commanded by a 1/c Company Commander. Each platoon is commanded by a 2/c Platoon Commander with a 2/c Platoon Executive Officer as well as around 8 2/c cadre and 30 Swabs. Halfway through the summer, the 2/c cadre switch out to continue their summer training in other programs, and other 2/c take their place. The Swabs remain with their fellow platoon members throughout the summer and the following school year, after which they are “shotgunned” into different companies.
A day during Swab Summer starts at 0530 with Reveille and morning calisthenics Mon-Sat and 0600 on Sundays with Reveille. The Swabs then clean up their "wing area" (the section of the barracks where the platoon sleeps) and go to breakfast. The rest of the day is filled with trainings, including math review sessions, drill practice, ethics/honor seminars, presentations from officers and senior enlisted members, and various athletic activities such as Inter-Company sports and platoon workouts. Everything the Swabs do is scheduled out in blocks, including 'cadre time', during which the 2/c cadre have the swabs clean, work out, practice drill, or study indoc. The day ends with 'hygiene hour', when the Swabs are given time to clean up and prepare for the next day, which ends at 2200 with Taps and lights out. Swabs are required to continuously “sound off” throughout the course of each day, square corners, and square meals, among other things.
During their seven-week program, each platoon of incoming Swabs spends a week sailing aboard the academy's training ship USCGC Eagle, the only tall ship in America's active forces.
Swab Summer ends with Sea Trials, the 12-13 hour long final test of the Swabs' abilities, teamwork, and perseverance. Intended to simulate the process of surviving a shipwreck, Sea Trials begins around 0330 in the morning when the Swabs are awoken to red emergency lighting, alarms, and shouting. The Swabs pack their sea bags full of various possessions per the cadre's instructions, then run to the football field for an hour-long session of intense calisthenics. The Swabs then spend the rest of the day completing different tasks on and off the academy campus such as a run, a road march, paddling rafts down the Thames River, carrying a log around the campus, and a platoon drill competition. After the conclusion of Sea Trials, the Swabs receive their cadet shoulder boards from their cadre and join the Corps of Cadets for the school year.
Notes
United States Coast Guard
Military education and training in the United States
| 988
|
1249726
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosiris
|
Geosiris
|
Geosiris is a genus in the flowering plant family Iridaceae, first described in 1894. It was thought for many years to contain only one species, Geosiris aphylla, endemic to Madagascar. But then in 2010, a second species was described, Geosiris albiflora, from Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean northwest of Madagascar. In 2017, a third species was found in Queensland, Australia, Geosiris australiensis .
Geosiris aphylla is sometimes called the "earth-iris." It is a small myco-heterotroph lacking chlorophyll and obtaining its nutrients from fungi in the soil. The genus name is derived from the Greek words geos, meaning "earth", and iris, referring to the Iris family of plants.
Its rhizomes are slender and scaly, and stems are simple or branched. The leaves are alternate, but having no use, are reduced and scale-like. The flowers are light purple.
In 1939, F. P. Jonker assigned Geosiris to its own family Geosiridaceae in Orchidales, and this was adopted in the Cronquist system, with a note that the family was closely related to Iridaceae or Burmanniaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has since subsumed the family into Iridaceae; it is currently placed in the monotypic subfamily Geosiridoideae.
References
External links
Missouri Botanical Garden photo of Geosiris flowers
A different picture
Iridaceae
Iridaceae genera
Parasitic plants
Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
| 354
|
21029664
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20Gates
|
Queen's Gates
|
The Queen's Gates () is the formal entrance to Parliament Hill, the location of the Canadian parliament buildings, in Ottawa, Ontario. Built in 1872 and set into the fence, known as the Wellington Wall, between piers designed in the Victorian High Gothic style that was fashionable in Canada at the time, the gates sit on the central axis of the hill's landscaping, in line with the Centennial Flame and Peace Tower beyond, and open onto Wellington Street.
By the early 1990s, neither the piers nor the ironwork had been properly renovated since their construction; salt from the street, the freeze-thaw cycle, and pollution had damaged and disintegrated the grout and stone faces. Thus, in 1992, Public Works and Government Services Canada began a $5 million restoration project of the entire fence along Wellington, which included the Queen's Gates. The piers were fully repointed and stabilised, including their foundations, and the gates were restored and partly rebuilt by a blacksmith.
See also
Royal eponyms in Canada
References
External links
M.H. Stoneworks Inc. images of the Queen's Gates and restoration thereof
Parliament of Canada buildings
Gothic Revival architecture in Ottawa
1876 in Canada
Buildings and structures completed in 1876
Gates in Canada
| 273
|
136890
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Milford%2C%20New%20Jersey
|
New Milford, New Jersey
|
New Milford is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 16,923, an increase of 582 (+3.6%) from the 2010 census count of 16,341, which in turn reflected a decline of 59 (−0.4%) from the 16,400 counted in the 2000 census.
New Milford was authorized to be incorporated as a borough on March 11, 1922, from what remained of Palisades Township, subject to approval in a referendum (which took place on April 18, 1922). With the creation of New Milford, Palisades Township (which had been created in 1871) was dissolved. The borough is believed to have been named for Milford, Pennsylvania.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.32 square miles (6.02 km2), including 2.28 square miles (5.91 km2) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.11 km2) of water (1.77%).
The borough borders the Bergen County municipalities of Bergenfield, Dumont, Oradell, River Edge and Teaneck.
New Milford—together with River Edge and Teaneck—is home to historic New Bridge Landing.
New Bridge, Old Bridge and Peetzburgh are unincorporated communities located within New Milford.
During Hurricane Irene on August 28, 2011, the Hackensack River crested at , the second-highest recorded height and almost above flood stage, forcing flooding homes to be evacuated. The record height at the New Milford flood gauge is set during a storm on April 16, 2007, and the previous second-highest level of had been set during Hurricane Floyd on September 16, 1999.
Demographic
2010 census
The 2010 United States census counted 16,341 people, 6,141 households, and 4,207 families in the borough. The population density was . There were 6,362 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup was 70.51% (11,522) White, 3.72% (608) Black or African American, 0.12% (20) Native American, 19.39% (3,169) Asian, 0.02% (4) Pacific Islander, 3.59% (586) from other races, and 2.64% (432) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.63% (2,227) of the population.
Of the 6,141 households, 29.7% had children under the age of 18; 54.6% were married couples living together; 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 31.5% were non-families. Of all households, 27.2% were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.24.
20.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.0 males.
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $75,075 (with a margin of error of +/− $9,822) and the median family income was $96,885 (+/− $5,032). Males had a median income of $62,817 (+/− $4,265) versus $51,630 (+/− $2,640) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $37,491 (+/− $2,896). About 2.5% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.3% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
Same-sex couples headed 37 households in 2010, more than double the 16 counted in 2000.
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States census there were 16,400 people, 6,346 households, and 4,277 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 6,437 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 78.59% White, 2.62% African American, 0.12% Native American, 14.76% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 2.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.09% of the population.
There were 6,346 households, of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18, 55.9% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $59,118, and the median income for a family was $77,216. Males had a median income of $46,463 versus $36,987 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,064. About 1.7% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
Musical groups from the borough include The Fontane Sisters, a musical group that included three sisters.
Government
Local government
New Milford is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council is comprised of six members, who are elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in November. The borough form of government used by New Milford is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the mayor of New Milford is Democratic Michael J. Putrino, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026. The borough council is comprised of Council President Frances Randi Duffie (D, 2025), Hedy Grant (D, 2024), Ira S. Grotsky (D, 2023), Lisa Repasky-Sandhusen (D, 2025), Matthew S. Seymour (D, 2023) and Thea Sirocchi-Hurley (D, 2024).
In January 2019, Matthew Seymour was selected from three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipalcommittee to fill the seat expiring in December 2020 that was vacated earlier that month when he took office as mayor.
Democrats took control of the council in the November 2012 general election, as incumbent Austin Ashley won reelection while running mate and former council member Michael Putrino was elected again after having served two previous terms of office. Incumbent Republican Howard Berner and running mate Peter Rebsch, a former council member, fell short.
Celeste Scavetta had been appointed by the Borough Council on January 11, 2011, to fill the vacant seat of Ann Subrizi that expired at the end of 2011 when Subrizi was elected as mayor. Peter Rebsch was appointed in June 2011 to fill the vacant seat of Council President Keith Bachmann, who had resigned from office; Rebsch served until November 2011, when voters chose a candidate to fill the balance of Bachmann's term that expired in 2012.
In the November 2011 general election, Democratic incumbent Randi Duffie and newcomers Austin Ashley and Hedy Grant won seats on the council, unseating incumbent Republicans Peter Rebsch and Celeste Scavetta. After counting absentee ballots, Duffie and Grant won the two three-year council seats, edging Republican Scavetta by 10 votes, and started their terms in January 2012. Ashley defeated Darren Drake by 39 votes for the remaining year on the unexpired term of Ann Subrizzi that had been filled on an interim basis by Peter Rebsch, and took office after the election.
The results of the election held November 2, 2010, were a Republican sweep. Republican challenger Ann Subrizi (2,433 votes) ousted 14-year Democratic incumbent, Frank DeBari (2,120). The Republican challengers for Council defeated both incumbents, with Dominic Colucci (2,328 votes) and Diego Robalino (2,285) unseating Democrats Michael J. Putrino (2,210) and Arthur E. Zeilner (2,115). These result gave the Republicans a 4–1 margin, with Ann Subrizi's seat on the Council left vacant.
Federal, state and county representation
New Milford is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 38th state Legislative District. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 census, New Milford had been in the 39th state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, New Milford had been split between the 5th Congressional District and the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 2011, there were a total of 9,355 registered voters in New Milford, of which 2,787 (29.8% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,636 (17.5% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 4,928 (52.7% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 4 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 57.2% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 72.3% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).
In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 3,975 votes (51.4% vs. 54.2% countywide), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,463 votes (44.8% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 299 votes (3.9% vs. 4.6%), among the 7,812 ballots cast by the borough's 10,556 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.0% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County). In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 3,780 votes (54.5% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 3,036 votes (43.8% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 61 votes (0.9% vs. 0.9%), among the 6,932 ballots cast by the borough's 9,892 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.1% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 4,152 votes (53.6% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3,448 votes (44.5% vs. 44.5%) and other candidates with 68 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 7,746 ballots cast by the borough's 9,881 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.4% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 3,838 votes (51.1% vs. 51.7% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 3,574 votes (47.6% vs. 47.2%) and other candidates with 50 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 7,506 ballots cast by the borough's 9,596 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.2% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 61.4% of the vote (2,601 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 37.3% (1,578 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (57 votes), among the 4,348 ballots cast by the borough's 9,506 registered voters (112 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.7%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 2,306 ballots cast (47.7% vs. 48.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,223 votes (45.9% vs. 45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 227 votes (4.7% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 31 votes (0.6% vs. 0.5%), among the 4,838 ballots cast by the borough's 9,615 registered voters, yielding a 50.3% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).
Education
The New Milford School District serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,026 students and 157.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Berkley Street School with 436 students in grades K–5,
Bertram F. Gibbs Elementary School with 484 students in grades K–5,
David E. Owens Middle School with 510 students in grades 6–8 and
New Milford High School with 601 students in grades 9–12.
In the 2011–12 school year, the high school introduced an academies program to the school, similar to the structure at the Bergen Academies. There are now sub-academies within the high school such as the school of sciences and the school of history.
Public school students from the borough, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.
The Hovnanian School, founded in 1976 and dedicated to helping foster knowledge of Armenian culture and the Armenian language, serves students in preschool through eighth grade.
New Milford is the home of The Art Center of Northern New Jersey, a fine arts school and gallery offering classes for adults and children that was originally established in 1957 in Englewood, New Jersey.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Bergen County.
Main roads in New Milford include River Road, Madison Avenue, Milford Avenue, and Boulevard.
Public transportation
NJ Transit bus route 167 offers service between the borough and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, with local service offered on the 753, 756, 762, and 772 bus routes through New Milford. Coach USA's Rockland Coaches offers service on the 21T route to the Port Authority Bus Terminal. Saddle River Tours / Ameribus provides service to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station on route 11C.
Commuter rail service is provided by NJ Transit's Pascack Valley Line, with service at River Edge and New Bridge Landing stations, which are available across the Hackensack River in River Edge. The Pascack Valley Line offers two-way weekday and weekend service to and from Hoboken Terminal, and connecting service to Penn Station via Secaucus Junction.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with New Milford include:
Jack Antonoff (born 1984), guitarist for the band fun
Rachel Antonoff (born 1981), fashion designer
Adam Leitman Bailey (born 1970), real estate lawyer involved in cases such as the Park51 controversy (also known as the Ground Zero Mosque), and Trump SoHo
Mario Bokara (born 1980), professional wrestler best known for his time with Impact Wrestling
J. Walter Christie (1865–1944), father of the modern tank
Josh Dela Cruz (born 1989), actor chosen in 2018 to be the host of Blue's Clues & You!, a reboot of the Nickelodeon series Blue's Clues
Frank DiMaggio (born 1950), retired Canadian football player who played for the Ottawa Rough Riders
Mary Joyce Doyle (1923–2016), nun and librarian who founded the library consortium that revolutionized the borrowing of books in Bergen County, New Jersey, through the creation of the Bergen County Cooperative Library System
Jim Dray (born 1986), tight end who has played for the Arizona Cardinals and Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL)
Pee Wee Erwin (1913–1981), jazz trumpet
Beth Fowler (born 1940), actress
Janet Hamill (born 1945), poet and spoken word artist
Dave Jeser (born 1977), co-creator of Drawn Together
Ed Marinaro (born 1950), football player and actor
Rob McClure (born 1982), Theatre World Award-winning and Tony Award-nominated theatrical actor
John Minko (born 1953), WFAN sports update anchor
Michael Nelson (born 1949), political scientist, noted for his work on the Presidency and elections
J.J. Racaza (born 1980), marksman who finished 3rd place on History Channel's Top Shot and is a double grandmaster in the USPSA/IPSC
Joe Regalbuto (born 1949), actor
Jean Shepherd (1921–1999), writer and narrator of the popular holiday film A Christmas Story
Bobby Steele (born 1956), guitar player for the Misfits and The Undead
Robert B. Sturges, Florida businessman and former New Jersey government official.
Robert Torricelli (born 1951), Congressman and Senator from 1983 to 2003<ref>Barone, Michael; and Ujifusa, Grant. The Almanac of American Politics 1988', p. 755. National Journal, 1987.</ref>
Jeffrey A. Warsh (born 1960), politician who served two terms in the New Jersey General Assembly and later served as executive director of New Jersey Transit
References
Related reading
Municipal Incorporations of the State of New Jersey (according to Counties)'' prepared by the Division of Local Government, Department of the Treasury (New Jersey); December 1, 1958.
Clayton, W. Woodford; and Nelson, William. History of Bergen and Passaic Counties, New Jersey, with Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men., Philadelphia: Everts and Peck, 1882.
Harvey, Cornelius Burnham (ed.), Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey. New York: New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Co., 1900.
Van Valen, James M. History of Bergen County, New Jersey. New York: New Jersey Publishing and Engraving Co., 1900.
Westervelt, Frances A. (Frances Augusta), 1858–1942, History of Bergen County, New Jersey, 1630–1923, Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1923.
External links
Borough of New Milford website
New Milford School District
School Data for the New Milford School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Midbergen Communities website (unofficial)
1922 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Bergen County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1922
New Jersey populated places on the Hackensack River
| 4,536
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.