vhada/Random_Combined · Datasets at Hugging Face

image stringlengths 37 84	question stringlengths 9 255	answer stringlengths 1 1.79k
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4228427_F5_335322.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Computed tomography angiography images of postoperation. Its confirmed successful tamponade of the fistula before discharge (A) and after surgery for 6 months (B and C).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14677.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Ultrasound scan of the left patella, showing extensive neovascularization and increased flow within the lesion.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3643865_F2_202701.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Computed tomography scan in a patient with clear cell kidney cancer and uncomplicated bone pain (bone lesions not causing neurological complaints and without a high risk of pathological fracture), extra-osseous extension present (white arrow), known lung and adrenal gland metastases: treated with 8 Gy x1.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4418738_pone.0126217.g004_383089.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	Removal of HYS-32 restores EB1 comet-like streaks.Control astrocytes (Con) or astrocytes treated for 24 h with 5 μM HYS-32 (HYS), or treated for 24 h with 5 μM HYS-32 then replaced with normal culture medium for 15 min to 24 h (R15 min, R1 h, or R24 h) were fixed in cold acetone and double-stained for β-tubulin (green) and EB1 (red), and subjected to confocal microscopy. Images were merged to show co-localization (Merged). Square areas were enlarged to show EB1 distribution (Enlarged). Arrowheads indicate microtubule tips. Arrows indicate distribution of EB1 along the microtubules (bars = 5μm).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s3zr071uambb5w1s.jpg	What type of procedure is the image taken from?	Colonoscopy
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4355562_fig2_365833.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Observation of general damage of rats' colons. (a) Normal colon of NC group, with smooth intestinal mucosa; (b) colon of MC group, with severe hyperemia and edema, intestinal expansion, and ulcer; (c) colon of HPM group, with relatively smooth intestinal mucosa, mild hyperemia, and edema.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43807.jpg	what abnormality is seen in the image?	lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10620.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Gestational sac with an embryonic pole and positive cardiac activity.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3885421_pone-0083296-g001_257412.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	Immunohistochemical expression of GPER in invasive breast carcinoma.A: A predominantly cytoplasmic expression in a moderate differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma. B: A predominantly cytoplasmic expression in a well differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma with a perinuclear accentuation. C: Strong nuclear expression in a poorly differentiated invasive ductal breast cancer. D: Epithelium of terminal ductal-lobular units of normal breast tissue shows strong nuclear expression. The magnification of all images is 200×.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3965927_fig1_276642.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	Oblique CT images before ((a), (b)) and after contrast medium administration in the arterial phase ((c), (d)), portal phase ((e), (f)), and delayed phase ((g), (h)) showing the foreign body and perifocal contrast-enhancement. In the lower images ((b), (d), (f), and (h)) a density color map has been superimposed using Advantage Workstation 4.5 (GE) to better depict the increase of HU in the different phases.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2848131_F1_60904.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve visualized by M-Mode echocardiography. X represent the duration of SAM, whereas Y represent the time elapsed between the beginning of SAM and the SAM-septal contact (see text for more details).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4633549_fig2_441240.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Gross examination showing a well-circumscribed, light tan to yellow mass in mid pole of left kidney, measuring 4.2 cm × 4 cm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3879276_pone-0083686-g006_256179.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Assessment of apoptotic BPCs show a higher rate of apoptotic BPCs in the wildtype retina.A–L. Representative confocal images of the central retinas from wildtype, Pou4f2−/−, Atoh7−/−, and DKO mice at P5, P10 and P15. Retinas were labeled with antibodies to Chx10 (red), cleaved Caspase-3 (green) and TOPRO-3 (blue). Scale bar = 50 µm. M. A histogram showing the percentage of Caspase-3 and Chx10-double positive cells over the Chx10-positive cells, depicting the ratio of apoptotic bipolar cells over all bipolar cells in four different retinas.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3608732_pone-0059557-g002_194897.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	Imaging of the leakage of FD from tumor blood vessels into the tumor tissue.Tumor blood vessels were visualized by fluorescence microscopy at 80×magnification. Control – mice without treatment, Bleomycin – mice treated with bleomycin only, EP – mice treated with EP, ECT – mice treated with ECT. Tumors are marked with a dashed line. Scale bar is 500 µm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1px1e7b08320si56wb4.jpg	How many instrumnets are in the image?	0
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4265888_F4_344634.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Representative sagittal and coronal PET/CT images. Representative sagittal and coronal PET/CT images with 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 peptide of the rats with (a) catheter-related S. epidermidis infection of the right tibia, (b) catheter-related S. aureus infection of the right tibia, or (c) catheter implantation in the right tibia without bacterial inoculation. High focal uptake of radioactivity in the infected right tibia is observed (red arrows) compared with the contralateral intact left tibia (white arrows). Excess of radioactivity is excreted through the kidneys (two headed black arrow) to the urinary bladder (black arrow).
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2359665_fig1_20882.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Cellular epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer. Immunohistochemical examination of prostate cancer tissues by an antibody against histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation reveals cell–cell differences in total levels of H3K18ac. The cells with brown nuclei are positively stained (indicated by brown block arrows) and their increased percentage is related to better clinical outcome. The unstained nuclei are blue (indicated by blue arrows). The tissues shown are of equivalent grade but represent (A) low, (B) medium and (C) high levels of cellular H3K18ac. Magnification: 10 × , top panel; 40 × , bottom panel.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2949383_pone-0013142-g003_75135.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of I elements distribution in isogenic lines.Polytene chromosomes of Seattle and Montpellier strains were co-hybridized with I-3′ and I-5′ probes to compare the chromosomal distribution of I elements among the two sublines (see Material and Methods for details).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4592017_pone.0139607.g002_429298.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Morphological characterization of renal papillary cells.(A) Primary cell culture on day 3. Cells exhibited colony-like growth and diverse morphology. (B) Primary cell culture on day 5. Epithelioid and fibroblast-like morphologies were observed. (C,D) P2 cells after passage on day 5. (E,F) P3 cells showed a short fusiform or dendritic shape, and epithelioid cells had almost completely disappeared. (G,H) P5 cells exhibited a spindle-shape. (Magnification: C, E, G, ×40; A, B, F, H, ×100; D, ×200).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4666599_pone.0142868.g002_449335.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Representive pictures of immunohistochemical staining of TPX2, IMP3, and PD-L1 in cervical tissues.Negative controls used non-immune isotype serum instead of primary antibodies. Arrows indicate the positively stained cells. Scale bars, 50 μm; original magnification, x200.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263801_Fig9_343928.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Suspected residual tumour. Day-7 post-treatment dynamic contrast-enhanced fat-saturated axial T1-weighted MR image showing early nodular enhancement in the prostate apex suggestive of residual tumour away from the treated area. Diffusion-weighted MRI was not contributive. The nodule was no longer visible on the 3-month post-treatment and 6-month post-treatment MRIs, and the 6-month post-treatment biopsy was negative
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52613.jpg	which plane is this image taken?	ap
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4022509_pone-0096225-g007_289206.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	SEM of internal surface of alginate bead structure.A: Internal bead surface at x 750 magnification of dendritic copper particles visible, B: Internal bead surface at x 3300 times magnification of dendritic copper particle protruding from alginate matrix and C: A cross section of the Cu alginate bead.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4363560_pone.0120225.g001_368551.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	AM/AMBP-1 accelerated wound closure.Cutaneous wound created on rats were either treated with Vehicle or AM/AMBP-1 for 14 days and wound surface area were measured every other day. A. Photographical assessment of gross morphological changes observed during wound healing on different days of either vehicle treated (a-d) or AM/AMBP-1 treated (e-h) rats. B. Wound closure rate was assessed based on measuring wound size as described under Methods using NIH Image J. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5/group) and compared by Student’s t-test. *P<0.05 vs. Vehicle.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3956891_pone-0092026-g002_274588.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	fMRI activation maps and fMRI-guided ensemble tracts for a) HC, b) aMCI and c) AD.From left to right, PANEL 1: second level fMRI group activation map resulting from one sample t-tests performed separately for each group, verbal fluency task, axial views; PANELS 2/4: anterior (A), left lateral (L) and right lateral (R) views of the ensemble tract based on the activation of the first panel. The yellow circles highlight the left CB (anterior view) and the left AF (left view), observable with different portions in all the three groups.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4556330_fig1_419567.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Images of immunohistochemical staining of Trx 1 diagnostic prostate cancer biopsy sections. Sections: (a) benign tissue, (b) Gleason score 3 + 3, (c) Gleason score 3 + 4, (d) Gleason score 4 + 3, and (e) Gleason score 4 + 4.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22829.jpg	what is one organ system seen in this image?	vascular and lymphatic
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4536045_pone.0135049.g002_414522.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Morphology of follicles in grafts at different time-points.(A) Histological examination of ovaries. Distribution of morphologically normal follicles in each developmental stage was identified, including primordial (bi-directional arrow), primary (filled arrow) and secondary follicles (open arrow). (A1) fresh control. (A2-6) ovaries after grafting (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month, respectively). Original magnification ×400. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Differences in follicular total healthy rate (D-value of THR) among grafts showed a significantly increased trend when grafting time increased. 1D = 1 day, 3D = 3 days, 1W = 1 week, 2W = 2 weeks, 1M = 1 month.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3854770_F2_249833.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Time-lapse microscopy of isolated mammary acinus. Time-lapse micrographs (interval: 6 hours) of primary mammary cells arising from a single acinus. The lower panel (red dashed margin) illustrates the mitosis (interval: 7.5 minutes) at 54 hours indicated by the red arrow in each picture. Magnification: 100 ×.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3933523_fig2_269205.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	MRI of the sacroiliac joints revealed bilateral sacroiliitis.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34918.jpg	what is the plane of the image?	axial
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05465.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Computerized scan of the chest with contrast showing a well-defined large (4×4 cm) space occupying lesion with near-fluid density filling the ventricular cavities attached to the interventricular septum and displacement of surrounding structures. Mild calcification at the centre is noted (arrow).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_78092.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	CT chest of the patient shows right upper lobe mass and bilateral fibrotic changes and infiltrates
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15324.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz8dovw086u05yk7u55.jpg	Is there text?	Yes
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57356.jpg	what part of the body does this mri show?	skull and contents
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3566125_pone-0055894-g002_184169.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2 protein expression in tissues of patients with BSCC.A: MMP-2 was negative in the adjacent noncancerous tissues. B: MMP-2 was positive in cancerous tissues (magnification, ×200).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3556855_fig5_181754.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	Nuclei morphological changes during E. platyloba induced apoptosis in WEHI-164 cells detected by TUNEL assay. For WEHI-164 cells, (a) shows negative control (without treatment) and (b) and (c) treated with extract (200 μg: IC50) for 24 h (n: 3). (b) and (c) indicate representative apoptotic cells with nuclei morphological changes. Data presented are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (a)–(c): 200× magnification.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2944815_F1_74423.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Computed tomography images of MCL. Areas of major lesions (surrounded by white broken lines) significantly regressed after two months of temsirolimus treatment.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3075266_pone-0018771-g007_92286.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	Representative slit lamp microscopy and images demonstrating safety of tested AAV5 to the cornea.No inflammation, redness, water discharge, swelling, etc was observed in BSS-treated control (A) or AAV5-treated corneas (B). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of corneal tissue sections (D) obtained from AAV5-treated rabbit eyes showed corneal morphology comparable to control corneas (C). Panels A–D shows data of 1-day time point. Similar observations were recorded for other tested time points (data not shown). Scale bar denotes 100 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3527325_F3_174268.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	TEM of rat ureter. A shows telopode exist in lamina propria of ureter, and it connects with never ending. Podom and podomer are showed clearly. Magnification is × 5000, and the scale bar is 2 μm. B is the enlargement of black dotted frame in A. Magnification is × 15000, and the scale bar is 1 μm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77100.jpg	Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.	Sagittal US view
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2878681_fig1_65309.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Enhanced CT image. (a) The dilated main pancreatic duct (PD) (arrowhead) and fluid collection (arrow) surrounding the pancreas and the liver were demonstrated. (b) A pseudocyst (arrow) at the pancreatic head was revealed.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3585986_Fig4_189366.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Kidney cyst in a 52 years old woman. a T2WI showed two cysts (arrow) in left and right kidney, respectively. Visible thin line separator can be seen in the left kidney cyst. b DWI showed high signal intensity. c EADC showed low signal intensity. The separator within the left kidney lesions showed slightly higher signal intensity. d ADC showed significantly high signal intensity. Part of the structure within the left kidney lesions was covered
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00715.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Fig. 112 preoperative radiograph
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3224127_F3_116897.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	Overlay of sphere simplex meshes and embryos. a) initial simplex spheres overlaid with their corresponding embryos b) simplex meshes after 50 iterations c) refined simplex meshes after 50 iterations and the completion of segmentation and d) a close-up view with forces indicated, cyan for normal and purple for tangent forces. For simplicity only four deformable simplex meshes are shown.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2978.jpg	Is vasculature present?	yes
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3676919_fig2_209994.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Clinical effect of the use of combined BM hMSC-based technique. Radiographics of a representative patient affected by NF1 with a tibial pseudarthrosis before (a) and three months (b) after the use of autologous BM hMSCs combined with platelet-rich fibrin and lyophilized bone.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3935572_F5_269625.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	apum23-3 enhances the inflorescence phenotype of rev-1. (A–C) 30-d-old rev-1 (A), apum23-3 (B), and apum23 rev (C) plants. (D–G) The inflorescences of plants shown in A, B, and C, respectively; G is a higher magnification of F. White arrowhead in D indicates the degenerate flowers in rev; white arrowheads in G indicate several of the sterile and filamentous structures in apum23 rev. Bars, 1cm (A–C), 1mm (D–F), and 100 μm (G) (this figure is available in colour at JXB online).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3600305_fig3_192768.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Liver biopsy showed hemophagocytosis (a) by the activated macrophage as stained by CD68 (b).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3420431_fig3_150079.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Histopathology of brain biopsies. (a) The cortex from patient A is essentially unremarkable. There is no neuronal loss or gliosis, no tumor, and no inflammation. H&E, 200x. (b) The white matter from patient A is markedly gliotic, with many large astrocytes, and is also vacuolated from edema. H&E, 200x. (c) The cortex from patient B is similarly unremarkable. H&E, 200x. (d) The white matter from patient B has perivascular infiltrates of foamy macrophages along with many large astrocytes. H&E, 200x.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4590862_fig2_429061.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Fibroblastic sarcoid on the prepuce of a donkey (a & b). The mass after surgical excision (c). Micrograph for sarcoids in donkeys showing hyperplasia of the epithelium, elongation of rete pegs, ulceration of the epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration, and thrombosis and fibromatous growth in the dermis (d) H & E., original magnification ×400.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3285195_pone-0031827-g008_127162.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Lack of nuclear β-catenin in SCC and BCC.Immunohistochemistry of three BCC (a–c) and SCC (d–f) samples stained with an antibody specific for activated β-catenin. Note strong nuclear β-catenin confined to the granular layer of the epidermis in each sample, as well as in a magnified hair follicle immediately below SCC cells (inset in d). All samples shown at 100× magnification, inset at 400×.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_50796.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	Case 11: Ossifying Fibroma
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4333885_Fig4_360216.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	Computed tomographic scan taken at first follow-up examination.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81285.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Axial computed tomography of the knee in a 35-year-old man demonstrating the patellar tilt angle measured with a line along the lateral patellar facet (CD) and a line parallel to the posterior intercondylar line (AB).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3987999_pone-0083386-g006_281315.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Dengue virus in the heart.(a–c) Detection of DENV-3 antigens in general (a, b and c) and specifically the NS3 protein (e and f), by immunochemistry, in cardiac fibers (CF), endothelium (En) and monocytes (Mo). (d) Quantification of cells presenting dengue antigens. (g–i) Detection of virus RNA negative strand by in situ hybridization. Dengue cases were treated without or with the probe (g and i, respectively). (h) One non-dengue case incubated with the probe. Arrows indicate positive staining in endothelium (En) and cardiac fibers (CF).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2245949_F1_17711.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Immunoperoxidase staining. Serial paraffin-embedded tissue sections of IHCCA show HSP27 and HSP72 expression in cholangiocarcinoma cells (brown staining). Left panels, 100× magnification; right panels, 200× magnification.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3487510_s2figure2_163378.jpg	What is shown in this image?	A. Working length radiograph. B: Microscopic view of MTA Plug in root canal. C: Radiographic view showing final MTA plug of 5 mm and temporary coronal seal established with IRM. D: Radiograph showing inadequate adaptation of pre-fabricated fiber post to the post space.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4579908_f2-ol-0-0-3526_426194.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Gas-challenge T2* maps of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 1 day after TACE in a 60-year-old male patient with HCC. (a) T2-weighted image of the liver showing the high signal intensity round mass in the right anterior lobe. (b) Digital subtraction angiography showing the tumor staining of the liver tumor. Compared with T2* mapping (c) prior to carbogen breathing, the T2* value of the tumor is increased (d) after inspiring carbogen gas at the initial magnetic resonance evaluation. However, the TACE procedure leads to a marked reduction in the T2* value of the tumor (e) prior to and (f) following carbogen breathing.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3789106_f1-ol-06-02-0401_235506.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Expression of α-SMA in stromal fibroblasts in esophageal carcinogenesis. (A and B) α-SMA-negative NM and LGIEN tissues, respectively (SP staining; magnification, ×200). (C–E) α-SMA-positive expression in HGIEN, CIS and SCC tissues, respectively (SP staining; magnification, ×200). (F) Magnification of Fig. 1C (SP staining; magnification, ×400). Red arrows indicate myofibroblast staining. α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; NM, normal; LGIEN, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; HGIEN, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; CIS, carcinoma in situ; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; SP, streptavidin-peroxidase.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3832370_pone-0081018-g008_244232.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Enhanced c-Fos expression in DiI-labeled DRG neurons following HT7-MAI stimulation.A-C: Immunofluorescent images of the expression of c-Fos (B) in DiI-labeled DRG neurons (A) from control group (no stimulation at HT7). D-F: The expression of c-Fos (E) in DiI-labeled DRG neurons (D) following MAI stimulation at HT7. The numbers of c-Fos positive cells were markedly increased (E) and double labeled cells of c-Fos/DiI were found in the DRG following HT7-MAI stimulation (F), whereas few c-Fos positive cells were seen in untreated DRGs (B). Bar=100 μm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3818566_F4_241270.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	A histopathologic examination of the tumor revealed fat cells proliferating in the submucosal layer.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21eeb08327lxn345o.jpg	Have all polyps been removed?	No
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3786386_F2_234366.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	(A,B) RSI and CBV maps in bevacizumab-related necrosis versus GBM. (A) is a side-by-side comparison of the RSI signal seen in our patient and the RSI signal seen in a typical GBM, with the two RSI images scaled identically (i.e., same window and level). (B) is a side-by-side comparison of the DSC MR perfusion-generated CBV map for this patient and the CBV map for the same patient with GBM shown in (A) (with adjacent color scales).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3961329_pone-0092186-g001_275756.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Images of the fundus of the eye of a cat showing reflectance changes in response to transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES).The reflectance changes appeared on the optic disc (OD) and over the retinal blood vessels after the TES. The reflectance changes began about 2.0 s after the onset of stimulation (4.0 s after the onset of recording), and the intensity of the reflectance change increased for 7.0 s after the onset of the recording. It then gradually decreased for 12.0 s. The top left is a fundus photograph of the left eye.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3335663_fig5_135210.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Magnetic resonance imaging gestational sac surrounded by myometrium (arrow head), absence of myometrium between the gestational sac and the bladder (arrow).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03866.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Three years post-operative computed tomography scan showing no signs of the tumor and good repair without sinus invasion
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2915925_pone-0011953-g002_70639.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	Identification of peroxisomal mutants.Bright field images are shown on the left panel and fluorescence images are shown on the right. Known peroxins show mislocalization of the Pot1p-GFP reporter when deleted. Partial mislocalization phenotypes are seen in pex1Δ, pex18Δ, and pex21Δ.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1459147_F1_5463.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	Distribution of WFDC2 in the respiratory tract and salivary glands. Immunohistochemistry for WFDC2 was performed as described in materials and methods. Sections show staining in nasal antral mucosa (A, B), nasal polyps (C), airway sub-mucosal glands (D, E), epithelial cells of the airways (F) and negative staining in peripheral lung (G). Staining was also found in parotid (H), submandibular (I) and sub-lingual (J) glands and minor glands from the tongue (K) and tonsil (L). The original magnification of the images was ×100 (A, B, C, D), ×200 (E, F, H, I, J) and ×400 (G, K, L).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3532127_F1_175606.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis shows a fracture of the inferior pubis ramus (open arrow) and irregularity of the symphisis pubis (arrow).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3529445_fig2_174969.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis showing (a) extensive edema and stranding of subcutaneous tissue at the symphysis pubis and bilateral groin areas; bilateral enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes is also noted (two arrows). (b) Edema and fat stranding extending into subcutaneous tissue at anterior lower abdominal wall area (two arrows).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3943546_fig4_271953.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Scattered X-ray (SA) and XRF elemental distribution maps of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br of an A549 cell treated with 1 for 24 h. The maximal elemental area density (in µg cm−2) is given in the top corner of each map.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3384594_pone-0039959-g007_142927.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Immunocytochemical identification of cultured astrocytes dissociated from the CA1 region of the hippocampus.(A) The distinct morphology of astrocytes isolated from sham-operated rats or from the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region: flat astrocytes (top) and non-flat astrocytes (bottom) cultured for 4–5 days. Both types of astroglial cells expressed GFAP and GLAST and were also positive for TRPV4. (B) The incidence of flat and non-flat astrocytes in controls (CTRL) and those isolated from the CA1 hippocampal region 1H and 7D after H/I (n = number of coverslips). The values are presented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA. p<0.05, significant; **p<0.001, extremely significant.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2791440_pone-0008352-g003_52753.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Epifluorescent micrographs illustrating ZO-1 integrity in Caco-2 cell monolayers.Monolayers grown in DMEM (A), and exposed to B. pilosicoli 95/1000 for 6 h (B). In the control cells the ZO1 distribution is regular and limited to the junctions, which are intact. After 6 h incubation with B. pilosicoli the tight junctions are disrupted and the ZO-1 is punctuated and has migrated towards the cytoplasm (arrow). Photographs taken at a magnification of X 100.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4090628_F6_304986.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Confocal microscopy image with different focal depth of H1355 cells incubated with 10 μg/mL of DNPs*.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4280207_pone-0116204-g003_347625.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	MRI of phantoms containing control unlabeled samples of C.novyi-NT and iron-oxide labeled C.novyi-NT.Axial T2*-weighted images of agarose (a), suspension of 5.1×108 unlabeled C.novyi-NT (b), and 5.1×108 iron-oxide labeled C.novyi-NT (c). CNR measurements from these phantom images are shown in (d). The red cycle within (c) indicates position of the iron-oxide labeled C.novyi-NT phantom vial.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2394531_F3_23211.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Sagittal reconstruction of the CT scan of the abdomen, performed on 5 March 2007. Communication between the cyst in the right kidney and the exterior through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall musculature is revealed.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3502458_pone-0046198-g006_167138.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Imaging of lipid droplets in dDR L4 larvae by scanning-laser confocal microscopy.Wild-type animals grown on AL (A), dDR1.5 (B) and dDR0.7 (C) plates were harvested at L4 stage and used for fixative BODIPY 493/503 staining. Images derived from CLS microscopy and are shown as maximum projection of ∼40 images from a z-stack at 0.5 µm interval. The anterior part is on the left, the posterior on the right. (D–F) Detailed view of the pharynx region. Arrow heads indicate enlarged hypodermal LDs. Magnification 630×.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zqc074y0rlqdc2l.jpg	How many polyps are in the image?	0
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3198793_pone-0026696-g006_112675.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Observation of meiocytes by DAPI staining in nhej, ssa, nhej ssa and lig6 mutant plants transformed with the pDMC1::RNAi/BRCA2 construct.Different stages of meiosis were observed in plants transformed with pDMC1::RNAi/BRCA2 in nhej mutant plants, ku80 (A–D) or lig4 (E–H), and in ssa mutant plants, ercc1 (I–L), in nhej ssa double mutant plants, ercc1 ku80 (M–P) or ercc1 lig4 (Q–T) and in lig6 mutant plants (U–X). (A, E, I, M, Q, U) prophase I. (B, F, J, N, R, V) metaphase I. (C, G, K, O, S, W) anaphase I. (D, H, L, P, T, X) anaphase II. Bar 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3961199_f2-ol-07-04-1053_275597.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	A 16-year-old female (case 2) with ectopic pancreas in the anterior mediastinum. (A) T1-weighted image and (B) T2-weighted image with fat suppression indicating a heterogeneous lesion (white arrow) containing fat and necrotic components. (C) Contrast-enhanced coronal T1-weighted and (D) axial computed tomography images show marked and heterogeneous enhancement with the exception of the necrotic area. (E) Histologically, ectopic pancreatic tissues were detected (magnification, ×80; hematoxylin-eosin stain).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3942308_pone-0087172-g002_271474.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Patient is a 20 year-old male with congenital scoliosis.A and B, Standing preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. C and D, Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 4 days after operation. E, Magnetic resonance images showing improper implant location. F and G, Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 5 days after reoperation.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3895919_f5_259508.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Detection of nitric oxide synthase in both healthy and P. falciparum-harboring red blood cells.NADPH-diaphorase activity within healthy RBCs or PfRBCs at different stages of parasite development (A). The panel (A1) represents the negative control (uRBCs or PfRBCs incubated with NBT without NADPH). NADPHd staining (blue color) was observed in both uRBC and parasite (A2). Identification by immunofluorescence assay (IF) of NOS within uRBCs or PfRBCs using rabbit polyclonal antibody against uNOS (B1, green) or mouse monoclonal antibody against eNOS (B2, green). To differentiate infected from uninfected RBCs, parasite nucleus was labeled in blue with Hoechst 33342. A monoclonal antibody against parasite SERA5 was used to localize the parasitophorous vacuole (red).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3699568_pone-0067281-g001_215300.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	SEM images of the n-NIPAM gels with absorbed doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy acquired at 50×, 500×, and 3500× magnifications.As the dose increased, the fibrous structures gradually disappeared at the 500× and 3500× micrographs.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3734358_F3_222998.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Detail from a small-intermediate bundle in the rice leaf blade. Pore-plasmodesma units (paired arrowheads, left) connect TST at left, to the VP cell above. The ST (upper right) is connected via PPUs to a companion cell (CC) via PPU (paired arrowheads, upper right) and the two ST (right) are connected via a lateral sieve area (LS). Plasmodesmata (Pd, left) interface VP cells. No connections between thick-and thin-walled sieve tubes are visible in this TEM image.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3919898_f2-ol-07-03-0721_265963.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Representative images of vimentin protein expression stained by (A–C) immunoperoxidase and (D–F) immunofluorescent techniques in a breast cancer cell model. Biopsy specimens containing (G–I) ducts and lobules, and (J–L) invasive carcinoma determined by inmunoperoxidase techniques (magnification, ×400).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07931.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Placement of Mitek anchors
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4669143_pone.0144280.g008_450235.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Microscopic observation of liver sections stained with Perls’ Prussian blue at 400x. A. Liver section from control mice with normal hemosiderin deposition patch (very low). B. Liver section from the C group showing excess amount of blue patches (indicated with arrows). C. Liver section from the S50 group. D. Liver section from the S100 group. E. Liver section from the S200 group. F. Desirox-treated liver section shows gradual reduction of blue patches designate significant removal of iron.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3739741_pone-0071667-g003_224050.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Microangiographic images of prefabricated 3D skinflaps after neovascularisation.A–J: Images show vasculature of abdominal skin flaps, with integrated 3D cartilage constructs, perfused by Micropaque ® through the implanted vascular pedicle. K: The micro-angiographic control was performed using a Radifluor 120– TORR (Philips Electronic Instruments, Los Angeles, USA). Scale bars = 1 cm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvl90wo074yffkc7fup.jpg	How many findings are present?	2
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2766900_F0010_48795.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Axial PET (top right), fused PET/CT (middle right) and CT scan (bottom right) images at the level of the thyroid gland, with an MIP image (on left), from a PET study of a 65-year-old man with a right lung nodule. The PET scan shows increased uptake in the right lung nodule (dotted arrow). Also noted incidentally is a subtle right thyroid lobe abnormality (arrows), which was proven to be a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma on further evaluation
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2376064_pone-0002258-g005_22412.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	Confocal microscopy of modules after 7 days in culture.A. Low Magnification image of 3T3 cells in 500-μm wide collagen modules cultured for 7 days. DAPI (blue) indicates cell nuclei, and phalloidin (red) indicates actin. B. 3T3 cells in a 100-μm wide collagen module cultured for 7 days. DAPI (blue) indicates cell nuclei, and phalloidin (red) indicates actin. C. 3T3 cells in a 500-μm wide collagen module cultured for 15 days. DAPI (blue) indicates cell nuclei, CFSE (Green) indicates cell cytoplasm where esterase activity is present, and phalloidin (red) indicates actin filaments. D. Magnified section of Figure 5C.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1177.jpg	Is respiratory present?	yes
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4540712_Fig5_415513.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Visualization of PC-3 tumors by optical imaging as well as PET imaging using the dual-modality imaging agent 18F-BODIPY-BBN. a Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of tumor and muscle after intravenous injection of BODIPY-BBN 5 (18 nmol) in PBS (4 % DMSO, 200 μL); For a control experiment PC-3 tumor-bearing mice were injected with PBS (4 % DMSO, 200 μL); scale bar: 5 mm. b In vivo small animal PET/CT images (30 min) after intravenous injection of 18F-BODIPY-BBN 3 (55 ± 10 μCi) in PBS (4 % DMSO, 200 μL)
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3335809_pone-0035663-g001_135257.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Live-cell imaging of GFP-Rab20 in RAW264 macrophages during phagocytosis of IgG-Es.Live RAW264 cells expressing GFP-Rab20 were put into contact with IgG-Es and observed by phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Time-lapse images were acquired using the MetaMorph imaging system. Phase-contrast images are shown (upper panels). The elapsed time is indicated at the top. The binding of IgG-Es to the cell surface was set as time 0. It is noteworthy that Rab20 was associated with newly formed phagosomes (arrows). At least four cells were examined in four independent experiments. Similar results were obtained from four independent experiments. Scale bars: 5 µm. The corresponding video is Movie S1.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qy1fg30832960f4ubv.jpg	What color is the abnormality?	Pink, White
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3056626_F0010_90037.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Restaging FDG PET / CT studies performed on two different patients of treated CRC. Axial PET (A), axial CT scan (B), and fused axial PET / CT (C) images show multiple FDG-avid lung metastases. Axial fused PET / CT images of another patient of CRC show FDGavid skeletal metastases in the left sacral ala (arrow in D), D8 vertebral body (arrow in E), and in the left transverse process of the D1 vertebra (arrow in F)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4274095_pone-0115549-g003_346108.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Functional connectivity maps during voice or speech-sound directed information processing.Statistical functional connectivity maps when attending to speakers voice (‘VM> FSM’) for (A) the left STS and (B) the right STS (p<0.005; k = 50).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4507995_pone.0131640.g011_407625.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Fluorescence intensity and average fluorescence lifetime of the ganglion cell layer in a porcine retina ex vivo sample.The 256 x 256 pixels images (34 x34 μm2/pixel) of the fluorescence intensity before binning (left) and the average fluorescence lifetime τm (right) of the ganglion cell layer in a porcine retina sample are shown in two spectral channels (top: 500–560 nm; bottom: 560–700 nm). Adaptive binning with a threshold of 10,000 photons per pixel was applied. A multi-exponential model with two exponential functions was used to determine the fluorescence lifetimes. The length of the white bar is 20 μm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4228427_F5_335322.jpg

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Computed tomography angiography images of postoperation. Its confirmed successful tamponade of the fistula before discharge (A) and after surgery for 6 months (B and C).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14677.jpg

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Ultrasound scan of the left patella, showing extensive neovascularization and increased flow within the lesion.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC3643865_F2_202701.jpg

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Computed tomography scan in a patient with clear cell kidney cancer and uncomplicated bone pain (bone lesions not causing neurological complaints and without a high risk of pathological fracture), extra-osseous extension present (white arrow), known lung and adrenal gland metastases: treated with 8 Gy x1.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4418738_pone.0126217.g004_383089.jpg

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Removal of HYS-32 restores EB1 comet-like streaks.Control astrocytes (Con) or astrocytes treated for 24 h with 5 μM HYS-32 (HYS), or treated for 24 h with 5 μM HYS-32 then replaced with normal culture medium for 15 min to 24 h (R15 min, R1 h, or R24 h) were fixed in cold acetone and double-stained for β-tubulin (green) and EB1 (red), and subjected to confocal microscopy. Images were merged to show co-localization (Merged). Square areas were enlarged to show EB1 distribution (Enlarged). Arrowheads indicate microtubule tips. Arrows indicate distribution of EB1 along the microtubules (bars = 5μm).

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s3zr071uambb5w1s.jpg

What type of procedure is the image taken from?

Colonoscopy

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4355562_fig2_365833.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

Observation of general damage of rats' colons. (a) Normal colon of NC group, with smooth intestinal mucosa; (b) colon of MC group, with severe hyperemia and edema, intestinal expansion, and ulcer; (c) colon of HPM group, with relatively smooth intestinal mucosa, mild hyperemia, and edema.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic43807.jpg

what abnormality is seen in the image?

lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10620.jpg

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Gestational sac with an embryonic pole and positive cardiac activity.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3885421_pone-0083296-g001_257412.jpg

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Immunohistochemical expression of GPER in invasive breast carcinoma.A: A predominantly cytoplasmic expression in a moderate differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma. B: A predominantly cytoplasmic expression in a well differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma with a perinuclear accentuation. C: Strong nuclear expression in a poorly differentiated invasive ductal breast cancer. D: Epithelium of terminal ductal-lobular units of normal breast tissue shows strong nuclear expression. The magnification of all images is 200×.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3965927_fig1_276642.jpg

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Oblique CT images before ((a), (b)) and after contrast medium administration in the arterial phase ((c), (d)), portal phase ((e), (f)), and delayed phase ((g), (h)) showing the foreign body and perifocal contrast-enhancement. In the lower images ((b), (d), (f), and (h)) a density color map has been superimposed using Advantage Workstation 4.5 (GE) to better depict the increase of HU in the different phases.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2848131_F1_60904.jpg

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Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve visualized by M-Mode echocardiography. X represent the duration of SAM, whereas Y represent the time elapsed between the beginning of SAM and the SAM-septal contact (see text for more details).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4633549_fig2_441240.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Gross examination showing a well-circumscribed, light tan to yellow mass in mid pole of left kidney, measuring 4.2 cm × 4 cm.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3879276_pone-0083686-g006_256179.jpg

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Assessment of apoptotic BPCs show a higher rate of apoptotic BPCs in the wildtype retina.A–L. Representative confocal images of the central retinas from wildtype, Pou4f2−/−, Atoh7−/−, and DKO mice at P5, P10 and P15. Retinas were labeled with antibodies to Chx10 (red), cleaved Caspase-3 (green) and TOPRO-3 (blue). Scale bar = 50 µm. M. A histogram showing the percentage of Caspase-3 and Chx10-double positive cells over the Chx10-positive cells, depicting the ratio of apoptotic bipolar cells over all bipolar cells in four different retinas.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3608732_pone-0059557-g002_194897.jpg

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Imaging of the leakage of FD from tumor blood vessels into the tumor tissue.Tumor blood vessels were visualized by fluorescence microscopy at 80×magnification. Control – mice without treatment, Bleomycin – mice treated with bleomycin only, EP – mice treated with EP, ECT – mice treated with ECT. Tumors are marked with a dashed line. Scale bar is 500 µm.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1px1e7b08320si56wb4.jpg

How many instrumnets are in the image?

0

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4265888_F4_344634.jpg

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Representative sagittal and coronal PET/CT images. Representative sagittal and coronal PET/CT images with 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 peptide of the rats with (a) catheter-related S. epidermidis infection of the right tibia, (b) catheter-related S. aureus infection of the right tibia, or (c) catheter implantation in the right tibia without bacterial inoculation. High focal uptake of radioactivity in the infected right tibia is observed (red arrows) compared with the contralateral intact left tibia (white arrows). Excess of radioactivity is excreted through the kidneys (two headed black arrow) to the urinary bladder (black arrow).

splits/sfolder_3/PMC2359665_fig1_20882.jpg

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Cellular epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer. Immunohistochemical examination of prostate cancer tissues by an antibody against histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation reveals cell–cell differences in total levels of H3K18ac. The cells with brown nuclei are positively stained (indicated by brown block arrows) and their increased percentage is related to better clinical outcome. The unstained nuclei are blue (indicated by blue arrows). The tissues shown are of equivalent grade but represent (A) low, (B) medium and (C) high levels of cellular H3K18ac. Magnification: 10 × , top panel; 40 × , bottom panel.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2949383_pone-0013142-g003_75135.jpg

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of I elements distribution in isogenic lines.Polytene chromosomes of Seattle and Montpellier strains were co-hybridized with I-3′ and I-5′ probes to compare the chromosomal distribution of I elements among the two sublines (see Material and Methods for details).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4592017_pone.0139607.g002_429298.jpg

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Morphological characterization of renal papillary cells.(A) Primary cell culture on day 3. Cells exhibited colony-like growth and diverse morphology. (B) Primary cell culture on day 5. Epithelioid and fibroblast-like morphologies were observed. (C,D) P2 cells after passage on day 5. (E,F) P3 cells showed a short fusiform or dendritic shape, and epithelioid cells had almost completely disappeared. (G,H) P5 cells exhibited a spindle-shape. (Magnification: C, E, G, ×40; A, B, F, H, ×100; D, ×200).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4666599_pone.0142868.g002_449335.jpg

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Representive pictures of immunohistochemical staining of TPX2, IMP3, and PD-L1 in cervical tissues.Negative controls used non-immune isotype serum instead of primary antibodies. Arrows indicate the positively stained cells. Scale bars, 50 μm; original magnification, x200.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263801_Fig9_343928.jpg

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Suspected residual tumour. Day-7 post-treatment dynamic contrast-enhanced fat-saturated axial T1-weighted MR image showing early nodular enhancement in the prostate apex suggestive of residual tumour away from the treated area. Diffusion-weighted MRI was not contributive. The nodule was no longer visible on the 3-month post-treatment and 6-month post-treatment MRIs, and the 6-month post-treatment biopsy was negative

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52613.jpg

which plane is this image taken?

ap

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4022509_pone-0096225-g007_289206.jpg

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SEM of internal surface of alginate bead structure.A: Internal bead surface at x 750 magnification of dendritic copper particles visible, B: Internal bead surface at x 3300 times magnification of dendritic copper particle protruding from alginate matrix and C: A cross section of the Cu alginate bead.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4363560_pone.0120225.g001_368551.jpg

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AM/AMBP-1 accelerated wound closure.Cutaneous wound created on rats were either treated with Vehicle or AM/AMBP-1 for 14 days and wound surface area were measured every other day. A. Photographical assessment of gross morphological changes observed during wound healing on different days of either vehicle treated (a-d) or AM/AMBP-1 treated (e-h) rats. B. Wound closure rate was assessed based on measuring wound size as described under Methods using NIH Image J. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5/group) and compared by Student’s t-test. *P<0.05 vs. Vehicle.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3956891_pone-0092026-g002_274588.jpg

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fMRI activation maps and fMRI-guided ensemble tracts for a) HC, b) aMCI and c) AD.From left to right, PANEL 1: second level fMRI group activation map resulting from one sample t-tests performed separately for each group, verbal fluency task, axial views; PANELS 2/4: anterior (A), left lateral (L) and right lateral (R) views of the ensemble tract based on the activation of the first panel. The yellow circles highlight the left CB (anterior view) and the left AF (left view), observable with different portions in all the three groups.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4556330_fig1_419567.jpg

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Images of immunohistochemical staining of Trx 1 diagnostic prostate cancer biopsy sections. Sections: (a) benign tissue, (b) Gleason score 3 + 3, (c) Gleason score 3 + 4, (d) Gleason score 4 + 3, and (e) Gleason score 4 + 4.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22829.jpg

what is one organ system seen in this image?

vascular and lymphatic

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4536045_pone.0135049.g002_414522.jpg

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Morphology of follicles in grafts at different time-points.(A) Histological examination of ovaries. Distribution of morphologically normal follicles in each developmental stage was identified, including primordial (bi-directional arrow), primary (filled arrow) and secondary follicles (open arrow). (A1) fresh control. (A2-6) ovaries after grafting (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month, respectively). Original magnification ×400. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Differences in follicular total healthy rate (D-value of THR) among grafts showed a significantly increased trend when grafting time increased. 1D = 1 day, 3D = 3 days, 1W = 1 week, 2W = 2 weeks, 1M = 1 month.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3854770_F2_249833.jpg

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Time-lapse microscopy of isolated mammary acinus. Time-lapse micrographs (interval: 6 hours) of primary mammary cells arising from a single acinus. The lower panel (red dashed margin) illustrates the mitosis (interval: 7.5 minutes) at 54 hours indicated by the red arrow in each picture. Magnification: 100 ×.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3933523_fig2_269205.jpg

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MRI of the sacroiliac joints revealed bilateral sacroiliitis.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34918.jpg

what is the plane of the image?

axial

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05465.jpg

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Computerized scan of the chest with contrast showing a well-defined large (4×4 cm) space occupying lesion with near-fluid density filling the ventricular cavities attached to the interventricular septum and displacement of surrounding structures. Mild calcification at the centre is noted (arrow).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_78092.jpg

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CT chest of the patient shows right upper lobe mass and bilateral fibrotic changes and infiltrates

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2129121_pone-0001338-g003_15324.jpg

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Lin- cKit+Flk-1+ BM cells have endothelial properties.A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. B) Immunofluorescence on matrigel sections showing the incorporation of GFP+ Lin- c-kit+ Flk-1+ cells into vessels (arrowheads). Yellow and orange insets show magnification of GFP+ cells. Green: GFP; Red: VE-Cadherin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz8dovw086u05yk7u55.jpg

Is there text?

Yes

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57356.jpg

what part of the body does this mri show?

skull and contents

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3566125_pone-0055894-g002_184169.jpg

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Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2 protein expression in tissues of patients with BSCC.A: MMP-2 was negative in the adjacent noncancerous tissues. B: MMP-2 was positive in cancerous tissues (magnification, ×200).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3556855_fig5_181754.jpg

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Nuclei morphological changes during E. platyloba induced apoptosis in WEHI-164 cells detected by TUNEL assay. For WEHI-164 cells, (a) shows negative control (without treatment) and (b) and (c) treated with extract (200 μg: IC50) for 24 h (n: 3). (b) and (c) indicate representative apoptotic cells with nuclei morphological changes. Data presented are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. (a)–(c): 200× magnification.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2944815_F1_74423.jpg

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Computed tomography images of MCL. Areas of major lesions (surrounded by white broken lines) significantly regressed after two months of temsirolimus treatment.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3075266_pone-0018771-g007_92286.jpg

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Representative slit lamp microscopy and images demonstrating safety of tested AAV5 to the cornea.No inflammation, redness, water discharge, swelling, etc was observed in BSS-treated control (A) or AAV5-treated corneas (B). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of corneal tissue sections (D) obtained from AAV5-treated rabbit eyes showed corneal morphology comparable to control corneas (C). Panels A–D shows data of 1-day time point. Similar observations were recorded for other tested time points (data not shown). Scale bar denotes 100 µm.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3527325_F3_174268.jpg

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TEM of rat ureter. A shows telopode exist in lamina propria of ureter, and it connects with never ending. Podom and podomer are showed clearly. Magnification is × 5000, and the scale bar is 2 μm. B is the enlargement of black dotted frame in A. Magnification is × 15000, and the scale bar is 1 μm.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77100.jpg

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Sagittal US view

splits/sfolder_1/PMC2878681_fig1_65309.jpg

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Enhanced CT image. (a) The dilated main pancreatic duct (PD) (arrowhead) and fluid collection (arrow) surrounding the pancreas and the liver were demonstrated. (b) A pseudocyst (arrow) at the pancreatic head was revealed.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3585986_Fig4_189366.jpg

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Kidney cyst in a 52 years old woman. a T2WI showed two cysts (arrow) in left and right kidney, respectively. Visible thin line separator can be seen in the left kidney cyst. b DWI showed high signal intensity. c EADC showed low signal intensity. The separator within the left kidney lesions showed slightly higher signal intensity. d ADC showed significantly high signal intensity. Part of the structure within the left kidney lesions was covered

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00715.jpg

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Fig. 112 preoperative radiograph

splits/sfolder_3/PMC3224127_F3_116897.jpg

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Overlay of sphere simplex meshes and embryos. a) initial simplex spheres overlaid with their corresponding embryos b) simplex meshes after 50 iterations c) refined simplex meshes after 50 iterations and the completion of segmentation and d) a close-up view with forces indicated, cyan for normal and purple for tangent forces. For simplicity only four deformable simplex meshes are shown.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2978.jpg

Is vasculature present?

yes

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3676919_fig2_209994.jpg

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Clinical effect of the use of combined BM hMSC-based technique. Radiographics of a representative patient affected by NF1 with a tibial pseudarthrosis before (a) and three months (b) after the use of autologous BM hMSCs combined with platelet-rich fibrin and lyophilized bone.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3935572_F5_269625.jpg

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apum23-3 enhances the inflorescence phenotype of rev-1. (A–C) 30-d-old rev-1 (A), apum23-3 (B), and apum23 rev (C) plants. (D–G) The inflorescences of plants shown in A, B, and C, respectively; G is a higher magnification of F. White arrowhead in D indicates the degenerate flowers in rev; white arrowheads in G indicate several of the sterile and filamentous structures in apum23 rev. Bars, 1cm (A–C), 1mm (D–F), and 100 μm (G) (this figure is available in colour at JXB online).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3600305_fig3_192768.jpg

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Liver biopsy showed hemophagocytosis (a) by the activated macrophage as stained by CD68 (b).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3420431_fig3_150079.jpg

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Histopathology of brain biopsies. (a) The cortex from patient A is essentially unremarkable. There is no neuronal loss or gliosis, no tumor, and no inflammation. H&E, 200x. (b) The white matter from patient A is markedly gliotic, with many large astrocytes, and is also vacuolated from edema. H&E, 200x. (c) The cortex from patient B is similarly unremarkable. H&E, 200x. (d) The white matter from patient B has perivascular infiltrates of foamy macrophages along with many large astrocytes. H&E, 200x.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4590862_fig2_429061.jpg

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Fibroblastic sarcoid on the prepuce of a donkey (a & b). The mass after surgical excision (c). Micrograph for sarcoids in donkeys showing hyperplasia of the epithelium, elongation of rete pegs, ulceration of the epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration, and thrombosis and fibromatous growth in the dermis (d) H & E., original magnification ×400.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3285195_pone-0031827-g008_127162.jpg

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Lack of nuclear β-catenin in SCC and BCC.Immunohistochemistry of three BCC (a–c) and SCC (d–f) samples stained with an antibody specific for activated β-catenin. Note strong nuclear β-catenin confined to the granular layer of the epidermis in each sample, as well as in a magnified hair follicle immediately below SCC cells (inset in d). All samples shown at 100× magnification, inset at 400×.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_50796.jpg

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Case 11: Ossifying Fibroma

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4333885_Fig4_360216.jpg

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Computed tomographic scan taken at first follow-up examination.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81285.jpg

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Axial computed tomography of the knee in a 35-year-old man demonstrating the patellar tilt angle measured with a line along the lateral patellar facet (CD) and a line parallel to the posterior intercondylar line (AB).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3987999_pone-0083386-g006_281315.jpg

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Dengue virus in the heart.(a–c) Detection of DENV-3 antigens in general (a, b and c) and specifically the NS3 protein (e and f), by immunochemistry, in cardiac fibers (CF), endothelium (En) and monocytes (Mo). (d) Quantification of cells presenting dengue antigens. (g–i) Detection of virus RNA negative strand by in situ hybridization. Dengue cases were treated without or with the probe (g and i, respectively). (h) One non-dengue case incubated with the probe. Arrows indicate positive staining in endothelium (En) and cardiac fibers (CF).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2245949_F1_17711.jpg

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Immunoperoxidase staining. Serial paraffin-embedded tissue sections of IHCCA show HSP27 and HSP72 expression in cholangiocarcinoma cells (brown staining). Left panels, 100× magnification; right panels, 200× magnification.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3487510_s2figure2_163378.jpg

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A. Working length radiograph. B: Microscopic view of MTA Plug in root canal. C: Radiographic view showing final MTA plug of 5 mm and temporary coronal seal established with IRM. D: Radiograph showing inadequate adaptation of pre-fabricated fiber post to the post space.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4579908_f2-ol-0-0-3526_426194.jpg

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Gas-challenge T2* maps of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 1 day after TACE in a 60-year-old male patient with HCC. (a) T2-weighted image of the liver showing the high signal intensity round mass in the right anterior lobe. (b) Digital subtraction angiography showing the tumor staining of the liver tumor. Compared with T2* mapping (c) prior to carbogen breathing, the T2* value of the tumor is increased (d) after inspiring carbogen gas at the initial magnetic resonance evaluation. However, the TACE procedure leads to a marked reduction in the T2* value of the tumor (e) prior to and (f) following carbogen breathing.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3789106_f1-ol-06-02-0401_235506.jpg

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Expression of α-SMA in stromal fibroblasts in esophageal carcinogenesis. (A and B) α-SMA-negative NM and LGIEN tissues, respectively (SP staining; magnification, ×200). (C–E) α-SMA-positive expression in HGIEN, CIS and SCC tissues, respectively (SP staining; magnification, ×200). (F) Magnification of Fig. 1C (SP staining; magnification, ×400). Red arrows indicate myofibroblast staining. α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; NM, normal; LGIEN, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; HGIEN, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; CIS, carcinoma in situ; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; SP, streptavidin-peroxidase.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3832370_pone-0081018-g008_244232.jpg

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Enhanced c-Fos expression in DiI-labeled DRG neurons following HT7-MAI stimulation.A-C: Immunofluorescent images of the expression of c-Fos (B) in DiI-labeled DRG neurons (A) from control group (no stimulation at HT7). D-F: The expression of c-Fos (E) in DiI-labeled DRG neurons (D) following MAI stimulation at HT7. The numbers of c-Fos positive cells were markedly increased (E) and double labeled cells of c-Fos/DiI were found in the DRG following HT7-MAI stimulation (F), whereas few c-Fos positive cells were seen in untreated DRGs (B). Bar=100 μm.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3818566_F4_241270.jpg

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A histopathologic examination of the tumor revealed fat cells proliferating in the submucosal layer.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21eeb08327lxn345o.jpg

Have all polyps been removed?

No

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3786386_F2_234366.jpg

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(A,B) RSI and CBV maps in bevacizumab-related necrosis versus GBM. (A) is a side-by-side comparison of the RSI signal seen in our patient and the RSI signal seen in a typical GBM, with the two RSI images scaled identically (i.e., same window and level). (B) is a side-by-side comparison of the DSC MR perfusion-generated CBV map for this patient and the CBV map for the same patient with GBM shown in (A) (with adjacent color scales).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3961329_pone-0092186-g001_275756.jpg

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Images of the fundus of the eye of a cat showing reflectance changes in response to transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES).The reflectance changes appeared on the optic disc (OD) and over the retinal blood vessels after the TES. The reflectance changes began about 2.0 s after the onset of stimulation (4.0 s after the onset of recording), and the intensity of the reflectance change increased for 7.0 s after the onset of the recording. It then gradually decreased for 12.0 s. The top left is a fundus photograph of the left eye.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3335663_fig5_135210.jpg

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Magnetic resonance imaging gestational sac surrounded by myometrium (arrow head), absence of myometrium between the gestational sac and the bladder (arrow).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03866.jpg

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Three years post-operative computed tomography scan showing no signs of the tumor and good repair without sinus invasion

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2915925_pone-0011953-g002_70639.jpg

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Identification of peroxisomal mutants.Bright field images are shown on the left panel and fluorescence images are shown on the right. Known peroxins show mislocalization of the Pot1p-GFP reporter when deleted. Partial mislocalization phenotypes are seen in pex1Δ, pex18Δ, and pex21Δ.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC1459147_F1_5463.jpg

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Distribution of WFDC2 in the respiratory tract and salivary glands. Immunohistochemistry for WFDC2 was performed as described in materials and methods. Sections show staining in nasal antral mucosa (A, B), nasal polyps (C), airway sub-mucosal glands (D, E), epithelial cells of the airways (F) and negative staining in peripheral lung (G). Staining was also found in parotid (H), submandibular (I) and sub-lingual (J) glands and minor glands from the tongue (K) and tonsil (L). The original magnification of the images was ×100 (A, B, C, D), ×200 (E, F, H, I, J) and ×400 (G, K, L).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3532127_F1_175606.jpg

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Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis shows a fracture of the inferior pubis ramus (open arrow) and irregularity of the symphisis pubis (arrow).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3529445_fig2_174969.jpg

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Computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis showing (a) extensive edema and stranding of subcutaneous tissue at the symphysis pubis and bilateral groin areas; bilateral enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes is also noted (two arrows). (b) Edema and fat stranding extending into subcutaneous tissue at anterior lower abdominal wall area (two arrows).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3943546_fig4_271953.jpg

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Scattered X-ray (SA) and XRF elemental distribution maps of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br of an A549 cell treated with 1 for 24 h. The maximal elemental area density (in µg cm−2) is given in the top corner of each map.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3384594_pone-0039959-g007_142927.jpg

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Immunocytochemical identification of cultured astrocytes dissociated from the CA1 region of the hippocampus.(A) The distinct morphology of astrocytes isolated from sham-operated rats or from the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region: flat astrocytes (top) and non-flat astrocytes (bottom) cultured for 4–5 days. Both types of astroglial cells expressed GFAP and GLAST and were also positive for TRPV4. (B) The incidence of flat and non-flat astrocytes in controls (CTRL) and those isolated from the CA1 hippocampal region 1H and 7D after H/I (n = number of coverslips). The values are presented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA. *p<0.05, significant; ***p<0.001, extremely significant.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2791440_pone-0008352-g003_52753.jpg

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Epifluorescent micrographs illustrating ZO-1 integrity in Caco-2 cell monolayers.Monolayers grown in DMEM (A), and exposed to B. pilosicoli 95/1000 for 6 h (B). In the control cells the ZO1 distribution is regular and limited to the junctions, which are intact. After 6 h incubation with B. pilosicoli the tight junctions are disrupted and the ZO-1 is punctuated and has migrated towards the cytoplasm (arrow). Photographs taken at a magnification of X 100.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4090628_F6_304986.jpg

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Confocal microscopy image with different focal depth of H1355 cells incubated with 10 μg/mL of DNPs*.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4280207_pone-0116204-g003_347625.jpg

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MRI of phantoms containing control unlabeled samples of C.novyi-NT and iron-oxide labeled C.novyi-NT.Axial T2*-weighted images of agarose (a), suspension of 5.1×108 unlabeled C.novyi-NT (b), and 5.1×108 iron-oxide labeled C.novyi-NT (c). CNR measurements from these phantom images are shown in (d). The red cycle within (c) indicates position of the iron-oxide labeled C.novyi-NT phantom vial.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2394531_F3_23211.jpg

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Sagittal reconstruction of the CT scan of the abdomen, performed on 5 March 2007. Communication between the cyst in the right kidney and the exterior through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall musculature is revealed.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC3502458_pone-0046198-g006_167138.jpg

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Imaging of lipid droplets in dDR L4 larvae by scanning-laser confocal microscopy.Wild-type animals grown on AL (A), dDR1.5 (B) and dDR0.7 (C) plates were harvested at L4 stage and used for fixative BODIPY 493/503 staining. Images derived from CLS microscopy and are shown as maximum projection of ∼40 images from a z-stack at 0.5 µm interval. The anterior part is on the left, the posterior on the right. (D–F) Detailed view of the pharynx region. Arrow heads indicate enlarged hypodermal LDs. Magnification 630×.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zqc074y0rlqdc2l.jpg

How many polyps are in the image?

0

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3198793_pone-0026696-g006_112675.jpg

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Observation of meiocytes by DAPI staining in nhej, ssa, nhej ssa and lig6 mutant plants transformed with the pDMC1::RNAi/BRCA2 construct.Different stages of meiosis were observed in plants transformed with pDMC1::RNAi/BRCA2 in nhej mutant plants, ku80 (A–D) or lig4 (E–H), and in ssa mutant plants, ercc1 (I–L), in nhej ssa double mutant plants, ercc1 ku80 (M–P) or ercc1 lig4 (Q–T) and in lig6 mutant plants (U–X). (A, E, I, M, Q, U) prophase I. (B, F, J, N, R, V) metaphase I. (C, G, K, O, S, W) anaphase I. (D, H, L, P, T, X) anaphase II. Bar 10 µm.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3961199_f2-ol-07-04-1053_275597.jpg

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A 16-year-old female (case 2) with ectopic pancreas in the anterior mediastinum. (A) T1-weighted image and (B) T2-weighted image with fat suppression indicating a heterogeneous lesion (white arrow) containing fat and necrotic components. (C) Contrast-enhanced coronal T1-weighted and (D) axial computed tomography images show marked and heterogeneous enhancement with the exception of the necrotic area. (E) Histologically, ectopic pancreatic tissues were detected (magnification, ×80; hematoxylin-eosin stain).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3942308_pone-0087172-g002_271474.jpg

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Patient is a 20 year-old male with congenital scoliosis.A and B, Standing preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. C and D, Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 4 days after operation. E, Magnetic resonance images showing improper implant location. F and G, Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 5 days after reoperation.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3895919_f5_259508.jpg

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Detection of nitric oxide synthase in both healthy and P. falciparum-harboring red blood cells.NADPH-diaphorase activity within healthy RBCs or PfRBCs at different stages of parasite development (A). The panel (A1) represents the negative control (uRBCs or PfRBCs incubated with NBT without NADPH). NADPHd staining (blue color) was observed in both uRBC and parasite (A2). Identification by immunofluorescence assay (IF) of NOS within uRBCs or PfRBCs using rabbit polyclonal antibody against uNOS (B1, green) or mouse monoclonal antibody against eNOS (B2, green). To differentiate infected from uninfected RBCs, parasite nucleus was labeled in blue with Hoechst 33342. A monoclonal antibody against parasite SERA5 was used to localize the parasitophorous vacuole (red).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3699568_pone-0067281-g001_215300.jpg

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SEM images of the n-NIPAM gels with absorbed doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy acquired at 50×, 500×, and 3500× magnifications.As the dose increased, the fibrous structures gradually disappeared at the 500× and 3500× micrographs.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3734358_F3_222998.jpg

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Detail from a small-intermediate bundle in the rice leaf blade. Pore-plasmodesma units (paired arrowheads, left) connect TST at left, to the VP cell above. The ST (upper right) is connected via PPUs to a companion cell (CC) via PPU (paired arrowheads, upper right) and the two ST (right) are connected via a lateral sieve area (LS). Plasmodesmata (Pd, left) interface VP cells. No connections between thick-and thin-walled sieve tubes are visible in this TEM image.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3919898_f2-ol-07-03-0721_265963.jpg

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Representative images of vimentin protein expression stained by (A–C) immunoperoxidase and (D–F) immunofluorescent techniques in a breast cancer cell model. Biopsy specimens containing (G–I) ducts and lobules, and (J–L) invasive carcinoma determined by inmunoperoxidase techniques (magnification, ×400).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07931.jpg

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Placement of Mitek anchors

splits/sfolder_2/PMC4669143_pone.0144280.g008_450235.jpg

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Microscopic observation of liver sections stained with Perls’ Prussian blue at 400x. A. Liver section from control mice with normal hemosiderin deposition patch (very low). B. Liver section from the C group showing excess amount of blue patches (indicated with arrows). C. Liver section from the S50 group. D. Liver section from the S100 group. E. Liver section from the S200 group. F. Desirox-treated liver section shows gradual reduction of blue patches designate significant removal of iron.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3739741_pone-0071667-g003_224050.jpg

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Microangiographic images of prefabricated 3D skinflaps after neovascularisation.A–J: Images show vasculature of abdominal skin flaps, with integrated 3D cartilage constructs, perfused by Micropaque ® through the implanted vascular pedicle. K: The micro-angiographic control was performed using a Radifluor 120– TORR (Philips Electronic Instruments, Los Angeles, USA). Scale bars = 1 cm.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvl90wo074yffkc7fup.jpg

How many findings are present?

2

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2766900_F0010_48795.jpg

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Axial PET (top right), fused PET/CT (middle right) and CT scan (bottom right) images at the level of the thyroid gland, with an MIP image (on left), from a PET study of a 65-year-old man with a right lung nodule. The PET scan shows increased uptake in the right lung nodule (dotted arrow). Also noted incidentally is a subtle right thyroid lobe abnormality (arrows), which was proven to be a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma on further evaluation

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2376064_pone-0002258-g005_22412.jpg

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Confocal microscopy of modules after 7 days in culture.A. Low Magnification image of 3T3 cells in 500-μm wide collagen modules cultured for 7 days. DAPI (blue) indicates cell nuclei, and phalloidin (red) indicates actin. B. 3T3 cells in a 100-μm wide collagen module cultured for 7 days. DAPI (blue) indicates cell nuclei, and phalloidin (red) indicates actin. C. 3T3 cells in a 500-μm wide collagen module cultured for 15 days. DAPI (blue) indicates cell nuclei, CFSE (Green) indicates cell cytoplasm where esterase activity is present, and phalloidin (red) indicates actin filaments. D. Magnified section of Figure 5C.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1177.jpg

Is respiratory present?

yes

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4540712_Fig5_415513.jpg

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Visualization of PC-3 tumors by optical imaging as well as PET imaging using the dual-modality imaging agent 18F-BODIPY-BBN. a Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of tumor and muscle after intravenous injection of BODIPY-BBN 5 (18 nmol) in PBS (4 % DMSO, 200 μL); For a control experiment PC-3 tumor-bearing mice were injected with PBS (4 % DMSO, 200 μL); scale bar: 5 mm. b In vivo small animal PET/CT images (30 min) after intravenous injection of 18F-BODIPY-BBN 3 (55 ± 10 μCi) in PBS (4 % DMSO, 200 μL)

splits/subfolder_5/PMC3335809_pone-0035663-g001_135257.jpg

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Live-cell imaging of GFP-Rab20 in RAW264 macrophages during phagocytosis of IgG-Es.Live RAW264 cells expressing GFP-Rab20 were put into contact with IgG-Es and observed by phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Time-lapse images were acquired using the MetaMorph imaging system. Phase-contrast images are shown (upper panels). The elapsed time is indicated at the top. The binding of IgG-Es to the cell surface was set as time 0. It is noteworthy that Rab20 was associated with newly formed phagosomes (arrows). At least four cells were examined in four independent experiments. Similar results were obtained from four independent experiments. Scale bars: 5 µm. The corresponding video is Movie S1.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qy1fg30832960f4ubv.jpg

What color is the abnormality?

Pink, White

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3056626_F0010_90037.jpg

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Restaging FDG PET / CT studies performed on two different patients of treated CRC. Axial PET (A), axial CT scan (B), and fused axial PET / CT (C) images show multiple FDG-avid lung metastases. Axial fused PET / CT images of another patient of CRC show FDGavid skeletal metastases in the left sacral ala (arrow in D), D8 vertebral body (arrow in E), and in the left transverse process of the D1 vertebra (arrow in F)

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4274095_pone-0115549-g003_346108.jpg

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Functional connectivity maps during voice or speech-sound directed information processing.Statistical functional connectivity maps when attending to speakers voice (‘VM> FSM’) for (A) the left STS and (B) the right STS (p<0.005; k = 50).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4507995_pone.0131640.g011_407625.jpg

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Fluorescence intensity and average fluorescence lifetime of the ganglion cell layer in a porcine retina ex vivo sample.The 256 x 256 pixels images (34 x34 μm2/pixel) of the fluorescence intensity before binning (left) and the average fluorescence lifetime τm (right) of the ganglion cell layer in a porcine retina sample are shown in two spectral channels (top: 500–560 nm; bottom: 560–700 nm). Adaptive binning with a threshold of 10,000 photons per pixel was applied. A multi-exponential model with two exponential functions was used to determine the fluorescence lifetimes. The length of the white bar is 20 μm.