vhada/Random_Combined · Datasets at Hugging Face

image stringlengths 37 84	question stringlengths 9 255	answer stringlengths 1 1.79k
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4324743_fig1_357427.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	The T2-weighted axial (a) and sagittal (b) images of the cervical spine show hyperintensity (arrows) of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. There was no contrast enhancement of the lesion (not shown).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4364684_F0003_368987.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Lateral and AP radiograph of the right leg showing correction of a non-union fracture of the tibia with a rush rod
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3674718_fig3_209376.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	After six cycles of chemotherapy, PET/CT revealed nearly complete response of mediastinal mass.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2628316_f9_32692.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Confocal laser scanning microscopy on choroidal neovascularization membranes. Images display choroidal neovascularization (CNV) membranes of 2-month old C57BL/6 mice after subretinal injection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and microbeads. Tissues section with CNV lesions were stained with antibodies against various cytokines and cytokeratin (CK) 18 (left column) secondary Abs only; middle is with antibody to cytokine only; right shows merged image. Cytokine expression revealed a time-dependent release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; A-C: post inoculation [PI] day 3), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 (D-F: PI day 7), MMP-9 (G-I; PI day 10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (J-L; PI day 14) by CK 18-positive RPE cells.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxut8zpk074ycwmgdckd.jpg	Are there any abnormalities in the image?	Oesophagitis
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zqg074y82szgznp.jpg	What color is the abnormality?	Pink, Red, White
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3663650_F2_206610.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Immunohistochemical staining of IL-6, TNFα and VEGF in low and high grade of glioma tissues. Low-grade gliomas showed low expression of IL-6 (a), TNFα (b) and VEGF (c) positive tumor cells in serial section. High expression of IL-6 (A), TNFα (B) and VEGF (C) was shown in high-grade gliomas. (magnification: ×400).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3078923_pone-0018799-g004_92734.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Eggs of S. mansoni visualised within a colon biopsy crush preparation by bright-field microscopy.(A) Viable mature eggs containing fully developed miracidia (←), an empty egg shell (↑) of a previously hatched miracidium and a dead egg with diffuse contents (→). (B) Dead eggs without dark and granular contents (→). (C) Egg shell with an almost completely hatched miracidium (←) that is trapped within the tissue.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3791943_f3-scipharm.2013.81.833_236203.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Effect of Bresol on CS-induced altered Histology of Lungs.(a) Lung of control group showing normal architecture, (b) Disease control showing alveolar enlargement/emphysema (asterisk), increased number of macrophage (black arrow), multifocal lymphocyte aggregates (arrowhead) and peribronchial inflammation (white arrow), (c) Bresol-250 mg/kg showing moderate alveolar enlargement/emphysema, mild increase in the number of macrophage and multifocal lymphocyte aggregates, (d) Bresol-500 mg/kg mild alveolar enlargement/emphysema, minimal increase in the number of macrophage and multifocal lymphocyte aggregates and absence of peribronchial inflammation.(Hematoxylin (H) and Eosin (E) staining, 100 × Magnification).
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4594685_fig10_430067.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Double staining of U-937 cells sections with antibodies directed against PECAM-1 (green) and ICAM-1 (red), followed by fluorescence after 4 hrs of treatment. (A–C) control sections (D–F) RT (G–I) RT+IFX. Result show representative picture of four to six slides. Original magnification, ×100.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1552.jpg	What is present?	carcinomatosis
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4635686_Fig3_441761.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	a, b and c: Axial views of CT scan, showing the bony expansion medio-lateraly from the left ascending ramus to the condylar head
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8zss074ye8pcfvyc.jpg	How many polyps are in the image?	0
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4386816_pone.0120079.g002_375318.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Fluorescence in situ hybridization for MET.Representative sarcomas showing different categories for MET gene copy number variations (see text for explanation). MET gene is labeled in green, centromere 7 in orange. (A) MET negative clear cell sarcoma, (B) MET negative angiosarcoma, (C) low level copy number gain in a clear cell sarcoma, (D) intermediate level copy number gain in an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, (E, F) high level amplification in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3645657_f2-ijms-14-06614_202880.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	Inverted microscope photograph of morphology of rMDSCs. First column, 2 days after pre-induction of neurogenesis; second column, 5 days after pre-induction of neurogenesis; third column, 8 days after pre-induction of neurogenesis. First line, the rMDSCs without any stimulant; second line, the rMDSCs with bFGF only; third line, the rMDSCs with pre-induction of bFGF for 24 h and then ethosuximide 4 mM/mL. Magnification is ×200 and scale bar represents 100 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4408844_F4_380551.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Distribution of VSFP2.3 and RH1691 fluorescence of fixed coronal sections of the somatosensory cortex. VSFP2.3 Citrine fluorescence (left column) and RH1691 fluorescence (middle column) and merged image (right column). Upper row low magnification (scale bar, 200 μm), lower row high magnification (layer 2/3; scale bar, 20 μm). Note that VSFP2.3 is localized to membranes of layers 2/3 and 5 pyramidal neurons, whereas RH1691 staining is seen on all cell types in the neocortical area. Cytosolic stain by RH1691 is likely caused by fixation of the tissue.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3019188_F5_84029.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	Endotoxin levels in liver tissues of patients with BA. Immunohistochemical staining for endotoxin in the liver tissues of controls (biopsy from neonatal hepatitis and hepatoplastoma) (A), patients with CC (B), patients with early-stage BA (C), and patients with late-stage BA (D). Liver sections were stained using a monoclonal antibody against lipid A (HM2046) (left column), mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody (ab27479) (right column) and counterstained with hematoxylin. Lipid-A immunoreactivity was detected in hepatocytes (arrowhead) and biliary epithelial cells (arrow), Original magnification: × 200.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4692397_pone.0145341.g007_456747.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Representative pictures showing the localization of blue and green autofluorescence emitted by HC and flavonoids respectively, in Oro A and SC exocarp sections (after NH3 treatment) during ripening and post-harvest.Magnification bar: 50 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3420756_fig2_150355.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Electron micrographs of oligodendrocytes in gray matter from control subject (a) and from subjects with schizophrenia (b–d). Dystrophic alterations of oligodendrocytes, Ol, (b, c) and destructive changes of oligodendrocytes (d). Scale bars = 2 μm.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3431359_pone-0043624-g002_152508.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Mammary gland, ovary, pituitary and uterine anomalies.Representative H&E stained sections of mammary gland (A), ovary (B), and uterus (C & D). Focal nodules of squamous metaplasia were rarely observed in mammary sections of aged-multiparous mice (A), 10× magnification. Ovary anomalies occur frequently in the aged-multiparous mice, ovarian atrophy (panel B, arrow) was common in aged-multiparous mice, 5× magnification. Large fluid containing cysts suggestive of hydrometra (panel C arrow) and multiple smaller cysts were common in the uterus of aged-nulliparous females (panel D arrow), 5× magnification.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2186317_F5_15954.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	The effect of UL20p carboxyl terminal truncations on UL20p and gK colocalization in TGN cellular compartments. As with figure 4, Vero cells were co-transfected with gKD1V5, as well as with plasmids encoding wild-type or mutant UL20DIFLAG proteins. Thirty-six hours post-transfection, cells were washed thoroughly, fixed, and processed for confocal microscopy. After permeabilization, antibodies a3xFLAG, aV5 and aTGN46 were used to identify, UL20p, gK and TGN46, respectively.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q51ejj083293wbaf9v.jpg	Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?	No
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3757392_f8-cancers-03-01821_228058.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	The normal renal structure in A is compared with radiation necrosis in B caused by 213Bi-PAI2 at 13 weeks post-injection. Arrow in image A indicates normal tubule compared with B which shows the tubular vacuolization and dilation, a result of the toxic effect. H&E staining with magnification of × 1000 [49].
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvn90yw074y7k9t23hf.jpg	Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?	Z-line
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3065735_fig1_91247.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	A 54-year-old woman with FUO underwent PET-CT for the diagnosis of underlying disease. Transaxial slices of CT (a1, b1), fusion (a2, b2), and PET (a3, b3) and anterior MIP image (c) showed accumulation of FDG in the wall of thoracic aorta and the supra-aortal branches. Gigantocellular arteritis was confirmed subsequently by temporal arterial biopsy.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_other/train_1574.jpg	Where is this area in the body?	breast
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1524763_F4_6263.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	X-ray images of the hand of patient No. 5 three months after the reconstruction (4a and 4b) and after the plate removal 10 months later (4c and 4d). New bone has refilled the metaphyseal defect.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90g8074yft724moc.jpg	Is there a green/black box artefact?	No
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3314973_f0020_131908.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	SMLR weight vector discrimination map for the binary classifier contrasting MPH and ATX. Positive coefficients (red color scale) indicate a positive contribution to the prediction of MPH and negative coefficients (blue color scale) indicate a positive contribution to prediction of ATX. The scale for the weight vector coefficients is arbitrary and the right hand side of each image corresponds to the participants' right side and numerals in white text indicate Z-coordinates in Talairach space.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3014707_fig5_82851.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	The pathological changes of a 12-month diabetic rabbit. (a) and (b) There is marked damage to beta-cells (arrow); (c) and (d) the microscopic cross-section of the artery in the pancreas shows a thickened vessel wall (arrow); (e) and (f) Hyaline arteriolosclerosis. The amorphous, homogeneous eosinophilic material is seen in the thickened vascular wall of afferent glomerular arteriole and the lumen is narrowed markedly (arrow). Glomerular atrophy is also present; (g) and (h) lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes appearing as vacuoles (hepatic fatty degeneration); (i) and (j) the microscopic section of the aortic media showing mild spot calcifications (arrow).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2890595_F1_67043.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	cpnA- cells are arrested in the slug stage of development. Wild-type (A) and cpnA- (C) Dictyostelium cells were plated on black filters at 5 × 107 cells/mL in starvation buffer and developed for 48 hours. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 40× magnification (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Wild-type (B) and cpnA- (D) stalk structures were removed from the filters, placed in glass bottom dishes, and imaged using a Nikon fluorescence microscope at 1000× (B) and 600× (D) magnification with DIC optics (scale bar = 40 μm).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3309975_pone-0033887-g003_131042.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	The nipi-4 gene acts cell autonomously in the epidermis.(A–E) Expression of nipi-4 is seen throughout the epidermis (A & B)), in larvae (C) and adults (A,B,D&E), from head (D) to tail (E), in vulval cells (arrow in B), in rectal cells (arrow in E), but not in the seam cells (arrowhead in A), scale bar 10 µm. (F–G) nipi-4(fr71) and nipi-4(fr71);frEx496 (Pcol-19::NIPI-4) worms strains carrying an integrated Pnlp-29::GFP reporter (frIs7) following infection. The expression of nipi-4 in epidermal cells in the adult rescues the nipi-4 phenotype. Green and red fluorescence is visualized simultaneously with a GFP long pass filter.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4458002_Fig1_393971.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	a On magnetic resonance imaging, an heterogeneous multinodular mass was observed on sagittal T1-weighted images (TR/TE: 1,200/120). Dark signal nodules, compatible with hemosiderin deposition, were identified. b On macroscopy a multinodular lesion was evident in the leg and in the thigh showing variegated colour. c, d On haematoxylin and eosin staining the lesion showed synovial-like mononuclear cells without cytologic atypia, admixed with multinucleate giant cells.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4263702_pone-0114902-g003_343764.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Typical X-ray images of xylem vessels in a maize leaf.Identical xylem bundle (A) before the first rehydration with AuNP solution and (B) after the first rehydration and dehydration cycle. Vessel wall is darkened by attached AuNPs.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3420699_fig1_150297.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Noncontrast CT scan after 24 hours of intravenous Heparin.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3595545_fig02_191233.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	a) Confocal microscopy images of PLGA-PAA composite microneedles fabricated to encapsulate DiD-loaded PLGA microparticles (MP) (right, scale bar 200 μm). SEM images of b) resulting microparticle-encapsulating microneedle array (scale bar 200 μm) and c) high magnification image of the composite needle interior of a fractured microneedle (scale bar 10 μm).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4054963_fig2_297125.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Manifestations of contrast enhancement effect on MR image from medial, central, and lateral sides of the knee joint to represent overall enhancement impact on the stack of 2D MR images. (First row from left to right) Original MR knee image from different sides: (a) medial, (b) central, and (c) lateral. (Second row from left to right) BBCCE enhanced MR knee image from different sides: (d) medial, (e) central, and (f) lateral. Knee cartilage is known as (in red arrows with label): (1) patellar cartilage, (2) femoral cartilage, (3) tibial cartilage. Prominent knee features in this image include (in white labeled arrows): (1) femoral sulcus and (2) Intensity variation within cartilage.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qc1eof08328fkx645x.jpg	Is there text?	Yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2687415_F2_39152.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	Histopathological examination of the synovium. Bv8 in Figs. d, e, and f was stained brown. a. HE-staining of the synovium in the control group (×200). b. HE-staining of the synovium in the CIA group (×50). c. HE-staining of the synovium in the CIA group (×200). The area in the box in Fig. b is enlarged. d. Immunohistochemical staining of the synovium with anti-Bv8 antibody in the control group (×200). e. Immunohistochemical staining of the synovium with anti-Bv8 antibody in the CIA group (×50). f. Immunohistochemical staining of the synovium with anti-Bv8 antibody in the CIA group (×200). The area in the box in Fig. e is enlarged.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4149541_pone-0106236-g002_316738.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Microscopic observation of Agrho2 mutant strains.A) Phase contrast images of tip-branching in wild-type (top row) and ΔAgrho2 strains. The images show 3 time-points of tip-branching events taken from time-lapse movies. The time-points in minutes are indicated in the top right corner of each image. The growth speed of the hyphae directly prior to tip-branching was determined from the time-lapse movie and is presented on the right side of the figure. Scale bar, 20 µm. B) Actin stained with rhodamine-phalloidin of hyphae from wild-type and ΔAgrho2 strains. Scale bar, 5 µm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02840.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Sonogram of a sickle cell anaemia patient showing the portal vein and the common bile duct as they course through the hilum of the liver. The common bile duct is anterior to the portal vein, it has a normal diameter which measures 0.17 cm. The portal vein diameter is also normal and it measures 0.82 cm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4376809_Fig19_372379.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Pituitary adenomas. Sagittal post-contrast fat-suppressed T1WI (a) shows an heterogenously enhancing pituitary macroadenoma which contains a non-enhancing portion with high signal on T2WI (b). secondary to cystic degeneration. Coronal post-contrast fat-suppressed T1WI (c) shows a pituitary microadenoma which shows less early contrast enhancement than the normal pituitary tissue
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3502368_F10_167067.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	OFDI images obtained from patients with a normal-appearing stomach and esophagus by endoscopy. (A) OFDI image of squamous mucosa. (B) Expanded view of A demonstrates a layered appearance, including the epithelium (e), lamina propria (lp), muscularis mucosa (mm), submucosa (sm), and muscularis propria (mp). Vessels are clearly identified in the submucosa (arrows). (C) OFDI image of gastric cardia. (D) Expanded view of C demonstrates vertical pit and crypts, regular, broad architecture, high surface backscattering, and diminished image penetration. Tick marks in A and C and scale bars in B and D represent 1 mm. Reprinted with permission from Suter MJ, et al. [68].
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3522340_s2fig4_172882.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	MRI findings of the infratemporal massA, Coronal T1 weighted MRI (TR/TE = 400/8.1) showing well-defined large mass with homogeneous low signal intensity and mild internal enhancement. Pressure effect on lateral wall of naso- and oropharynx is observed; B, Axial T1 weighted image showing low signal mass adjacent to parotid gland; C and D, Axial and sagittal T2 weighted images (TR/TE = 3610/105) reveal high signal intensity of the mass in the infratemporal fossa and adjacent to the parotid gland.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3373112_F1_141325.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Pediculus humanus corporis, the human body louse, viewed with electron microscope at magnification ×120.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3530512_pone-0052772-g001_175092.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Identification and expression of TFPI-2 in human skin and wounds.(A) Immunohistochemical identification of TFPI-2 in normal skin, acute skin wound and in chronic venous leg ulcer tissue (chronic wound). Skin biopsies were taken from normal skin (n = 3), acute wounds (n = 3) and from the wound edges of patients with chronic venous ulcers (n = 3). Representative sections are shown. Scale bar is 100 µm. (B) TFPI-2 expression levels in wounds in vivo and ex vivo. Expression levels of TFPI-2, as determined by array data, in wounded and non-wounded skin are presented (n = 3).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3814919_f3_240649.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Brain MRI of patient 2 at presentation showed an irregular ring-enhancing lesion in the right frontoparietal region with maximal transverse dimension of 2.2 cm ( A). After 10 days of anti-toxoplasma treatment and antiretroviral therapy, follow-up MRI revealed no significant interval change of enhancing frontoparietal lesion ( B).
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27049.jpg	what is most alarming about this mri?	epidermoid inclusion cyst
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3726297_F3_220956.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Patient 10. Portal vein tumor thrombosis in a large heterogeneous HCC. (a, b) Catheter-directed CT angiogram of the right hepatic artery demonstrates contrast enhancement within portal vein tumor thrombosis (arrow). (c, d)90Y PET/CT depicts focal 90Y activity within the portal vein tumor thrombus in high resolution. (e, f) The same activity is poorly visualized on 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT as subtle, ill-defined activity.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3679049_pone-0066263-g003_210531.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Morphology of hBMSCs cultured on Ta and Ti coatings.(A) SEM images of the surface morphology of both coatings with cultured hBMSCs at 800× magnifications. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of single hBMSC F-actin cytoskeletal morphology on both coatings for 3 and 24 h. (red, phalloidin for F-actin; blue, DAPI for nucleus).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22448.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Coronal T1-weighted MRI of the pelvis and hips - repeat imaging.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24194.jpg	what organ system is shown in this x-ray?	heart and great vessels
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3168491_fig2_107599.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	EUS-FNA procedure. Case: 62 years old, female, tumor size 20 mm, area M in stomach. (a) Endoscopy showing submucosal lesion in the stomach, (b) EUS showing submucosal hypoechoic tumor with continuity to the proper muscle layer, (c) the hypoechoic mass shown on EUS was punctured under real-time EUS guidance (EUS-FNA), and (d) cell block specimen from a GIST revealing brown staining, positive for c-kit immunoperoxidase stain.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39269.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Nonenhancing fluid collection (arrow) around the RCA stent.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4546451_F6_416834.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	PathologyThe excised specimen revealed a well defined encapsulated nodular fleshy mass, weighting 120 gram and measuring 8.5 × 5.5 × 5 cm, with a spongy consistency and reddish brown color (Panel A.). Microscopic examination showed features of a mixed type cavernous-capillary hemangioma. The immunohistochemical profile was CD34 positive, CD31 positive (Panel B.), factor VIII positive, alpha actin positive, cytokeratin negative
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3231192_f3-sensors-10-08526_118332.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Histochemical analysis of GUS expression in leaf tissues of tobacco (A) and Arabidopsis (B) plants exposed to heat-shock at 42 °C for 6 h. HSP-FLP-GUS (transgenic containing FLP/FRT recombination system); HSP-GUS (transgenic control: heat-shock promoter driving GUS expression); 35S-GUS (transgenic control: CaMV 35S promoter driving GUS expression); wild type (non-transgenic control).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4010541_pone-0096586-g004_286094.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Images of three prostate cancer cell lines transfected with Cy-3-labeled AR siRNA observed using fluorescence microscopy.Red fluorescence in the cytoplasm indicates that the Cy3-labeled AR siRNA was successfully transfected (400× magnification).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67673.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Acute appendicitis fat oedema.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3570124_f1-etm-05-02-0533_185017.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	Case 1: Bilateral lower limb swelling and pain of 2 days’ duration, 7 days after filter implantation. (A) Occlusion of the infrarenal IVC and Vena Tech filter in the thrombus were displayed by cavogram. (B) Following implantation of an OptEase filter in the suprarenal IVC and recanalization using a guide wire, the venogram displayed a large thrombus in the IVC. (C) After 14 days of thrombolytic therapy, the amount of residual thrombus in the IVC was <10%. (D) The OptEase filter was retrieved through a femoral vein approach. IVC, inferior vena cava.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26603.jpg	what plane was used?	axial
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2564766_B2W-42-07-0581-f01_28547.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Magnetic resonance images of different grades of muscle lesion: (A) grade I lesion; (B) grade II lesion; (C) grade III lesion.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4273471_fig1_345912.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Photograph sent by GK to our office depicting her sudden right-hand swelling.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28524.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Upper GI study with gastrografin showing a gastrocutaneous fistula (arrow).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3995316_fig5_282877.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images of a male with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL). (a) FAF images of a patient with PVRL showing predominantly hyperautofluorescence in the form of granular hyper- and hypoautofluorescence, (b) OCT scan showing areas of nodular hyperreflective spots at the level of the RPE (arrows). (c) 2 years following the treatment the FAF image shows less marked granular hyperautofluorescence, as well as a fading of the nodular RPE hyperreflective spots previously noted on OCT ((d), arrows).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4363630_fig1_368587.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Colour fundus images of OD (a) and OS (b), fundus autofluorescent images of OD (c) and OS (d), venous phase of fluorescein angiography of OD (e) and OS (f), Indocyanine Green angiographic appearance of OD (g) and OS (h), and OCT sections of OD (i) and OS (j) at the time of our initial examination.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64976.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	A 6-year-old boy with a history of treated bladder RMS. At surgical resection the urethra was damaged leading to a persistent urinoma in, after RT, nonvital tissue. MRI image after treatment shows a mass (asterisk) between the urethra (open arrow) and the rectum (solid arrow). This mass is a vascularized gracilis muscle flap used to repair the defect. Without proper knowledge of the surgical history of the patient, this might have been interpreted as tumour recurrence. Histopathology: embryonal RMS
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4500547_pone.0132512.g003_405583.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	SEM micrographs showing cell killing of pre-formed plaque biofilms induced by different treatments with peptide 1018.The images show the effect of different treatments (one time, twice or three times) with 10 μg/ml of peptide 1018 on pre-formed (3-day old) plaque biofilms grown either on HA or saliva-coated HA disks. Peptide treated samples accumulated extracellular debris presumably from compromised cells; biofilm cells exhibited disrupted morphologies and were smaller in size in the treated samples. The low magnification corresponds to 5000 X, and the high magnification corresponds to 20 000 X.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4656255_Fig1_446950.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	A 77-year-old man with level IIa node metastasis arising from cancer of the tongue (pT4N2b). a CT of PET/CT shows one swollen lymph node 20 mm in longest diameter at right level IIa (arrow), suggesting the presence of nodal cancer spread. b FDG-PET/CT shows intense FDG uptake (SUVmax:11.91) corresponding to the right level IIa node seen in a (arrow), suggesting the presence of nodal cancer spread. Examination of the histopathological specimen confirmed extensive lymph node involvement by cancer in this node. Both CT and FDG-PET/CT were true-positive
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3042916_F1_87820.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Visualization and sampling criteria for cotyledon pavement cells at different time points after germination. Fields of cotyledon epidermal cells stained with FM4-64 and subjected to simple morphometric analyses. Top row, left to right, fields of 2, 5, and 12 DAG cotyledon epidermal cells stained with FM4-64. Middle row: Same fields as top row showing the sampling scheme for cell measurements of complete cells that intersect a diagonal transect across the image field. Bottom row: example cells from each time point that were digitally dissected from the field, thresholded, and skeletonized. Bar = 100 μm
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3364585_fig1_140097.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	(a) left panel: computerized tomography (CT) of the spine, showing an osteolytic lesions (white arrow) in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in a thoracic vertebra. Right panel: radiograph of the spine, showing flattening of the third lumbar vertebra (white arrows) in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. (b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; left panel: whole-body MRI, showing multiple foci of osteomyelitis, some of which are distributed symmetrically; right panel: magnified image (from the left panel) of the knees, showing inflammatory epiphyseal lesions in both tibiae.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_70309.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	AP radiograph. Cementless total hip arthroplasty. Periprosthetic lucency in the area of the greater trochanter (arrow) and some punctate densities adjacent to the lesser trochanter/ Gruen zone 7 (arrowheads), representing small metal particles: adverse reaction to metal debris
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81427.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: Intra-ductal mass in the common bile duct extending up to confluence (arrows)
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602575_F1_432203.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	MRI found multifoci nocardial brain abscesses. (A) Axial T1-weighted image showed multiple low signal intensity lesions. (B) T2 weighting showed significant edema around the lesions. (C, D) T1-weighted contrast-enhanced image showed multifoci, ring-enhancing abscesses.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3187774_pone-0025451-g002_110973.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	Low FLAIR patient.A 67 year old male patient with a right temporo-parieto-occipital GBM. The segmented edema/tumor infiltration (blue), enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) are seen overlaid on a base post- contrast T1WI. These images demonstrate a patient with a GBM and a large amount of peritumoral FLAIR hyperintensity reflecting edema and tumor infiltration.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4274121_pone-0115933-g003_346145.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Neck failure in a 45-year-old male patient with right hypopharyngeal SCC after chemoradiation.The patient’s hemoglobin level was 12.7 g/dL. A. Pretreatment axial-enhanced MRI identified a right cervical metastatic node (arrow). B. The corresponding ADC map showed a nodal ADC value of 1.24×10−3 mm2/s. C. The corresponding PWI map showed a nodal V e value of 0.07. D. Post-treatment axial-enhanced MRI demonstrated a residual right cervical node (arrow), which was further confirmed by neck dissection.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1002.jpg	How many 22q13 signals are there?	two
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3538677_pone-0053692-g004_177278.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Observation of hepatic injury in CAR- and D-galN-primed endotoxin shock-induced mice.All mice were abataged at indicated times, and photographed. (A) After 12 h of injecting LPS (20 μg/mouse) to the CAR (5 mg/mouse)-primed mice liver (B) After 36 h of injecting LPS (20 μg/mouse) to CAR (5 mg/mouse)-primed mice liver (C) After 12 h of injecting LPS (20 μg/mouse) to non-primed mice liver (D) After 6 h of injecting LPS (0.5 μg/mouse) to D-galN (20 mg/mouse)-primed mice liver (E) After 6 h of injecting only D-galN (20 mg/mouse) (F) Control mice liver.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3540024_F3_177623.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Magnetic resonance images (T2 weighed CCI SPACE sequence) of the left S1 spinal nerve at the level of the dorsal root ganglion (arrows). 1. Coronal view, 2. sagittal view and 3. axial view. All views are reconstructed projections parallel (coronal and sagittal) or perpendicular (axial) to the length axis of the nerve.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03669.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	Unenhanced axial CT image showing confluent intra- and extra-abdominal disease
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1552.jpg	Is this present?	no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4046101_F1_294829.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Magnetic resonance imaging showing the left parotid gland mass in the coronal plane.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2886050_F2_66250.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Radiogram of chest in ventro-dorsal projection. The ventro-dorsal projection of the chest visualizes well the left and the right edge of the tumour. The widest dimension of the tumour amounts to around 8.4 cm. Note the transplaced to the right trachea (T). The approximate length amounts to 10.3 cm. Case no 2.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2779803_F3_51327.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Expression of Fz1 in hippocampal neurons during development. (A) Immunoblots of protein extracts from cultured hippocampal neurons during differentiation from 4 to 14 DIV. The same amount of protein was applied to all lanes. Molecular weight standards are indicated at the right (kDa). N-Cad, N-cadherin. (B) Immunodetection of Fz1 and phosphorylated MAP1B in cultured hippocampal neurons at 4 DIV. (C-E) Immunodetection of Fz1 and Bassoon (scale bar = 10 μm). (C) On DIV 7, Fz1 is observed in isolated axons as fine puncta. (D) On DIV 10, larger clusters of Fz1 co-localize with Bassoon puncta in axons contacting other neurons (arrows), but not in isolated axons (E).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv4902g074y9ugv9pi0.jpg	How many polyps are in the image?	0
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4370594_pone.0119689.g003_370726.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Patient 1 and 2 large-scale genomic alterations.Circos Plots for patients 1 (A) and 2 (B). Copy number gains shown in red, copy number losses shown in green (height of bars is proportional to the number of copies gained or lost). Purple lines indicate interchromosomal translocations. Orange lines indicate intrachromosomal translocation.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3504199_fig1_167913.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Metastatic melanoma, left kidney (arrow).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_13852.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Anterolateral and posteromedial plate fixation of proximal tibial plateau fracture (AP view)
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4057728_f7-ijms-15-08216_298103.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Confocal microscopy images depicting intracellular/nuclear localization of DOX in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were treated with 10 μg/mL DOX and DOX loaded AuNPs for 4 and 8 h followed by confocal imaging with Leica TCS SP5-II microscope at 200× magnification to interpret the cellular localization of DOX, scale 75 μm. (A) Control HeLa cells; (B) HeLa cells treated with DOX; and (C) and DOX loaded AuNPs. Data is representative of three independent experiments.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3302998_Fig1_129710.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Right eye. a Preoperative color photograph demonstrates multiple, small, yellowish punctate lesions at the level of the choroid. A subfoveal CNV membrane with hyperpigmented borders is seen. b Early transit of the fluorescein angiogram shows early hyperfluorescence of the CNV lesion. c Late phase of the angiogram shows leakage from the CNV along with multiple punctate hyperfluorescent lesions in the peripapillary area and the periphery. d Fundus photograph 1 month after surgical excision of CNV showing RPE atrophy
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2725295_pone-0006719-g007_43278.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	NUP98-HOXA9 and NUP98-HOXA9/N51S have similar effects on human CFC morphology.Primary human CD34+ cells were retrovirally transduced with either control MSCV-IRES-GFP vector or vector expressing NUP98-HOXA9, NUP98-HOXA9/N51S, HOXA9, or HOXA9ΔN, and cells were sorted for GFP positivity. One thousand cells were seeded into each of two duplicate plates for CFC assay and the experiment was repeated 3–4 independent times. Representative plates without magnification (left) and low power photomicrographs of representative erythroid colonies (right) are shown.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3477563_fig3_161534.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Fibrocystic mastopathy with sclerosing adenosis. Round microcalcification that is typically benign in microradiography (b) appears linear and amorphous in conventional specimen radiography as a result of the superposition (a). The calcification is marked by arrows in the histological picture (c).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1evn0832hvvuf1ba.jpg	Is this finding easy to detect?	Yes
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2904815_fig08_68918.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	Higher power images of differential dopamine receptor subtype expression in the cerebellum. A–F show film autoradiogram images that were inverted, where expression can be seen in the granular layer for all receptors; the Nissl staining of the dense granular layer in the in situ hybridizations masks the label. G–L show Nissl-stained images in darkfield, in which the differential expression (white silver grains) of several receptors (D1A, D1B, and D3) can be seen in the inner and outer halves of the molecular layer and in Purkinje cells, respectively (arrows). Scale bars = 0.25 mm in A (applies to A–F); 0.25 mm in G (applies to G–K); 0.25 mm in L.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4597442_Fig3_430951.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Radiological outcome of a four-part fracture with secondary implantation of a reversed shoulder prosthesis in a 66-year-old man (patient No. XV). a Preoperative; b intraoperative; c postoperative; d 13-month follow-up
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2946595_fig4_74891.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	A 39-year-old woman with high-grade pure DCIS. Axial precontrast T1-weighted image (top), postcontrast subtraction image (middle), and maximum intensity projection (bottom) show a 2.8 cm mass lesion with spiculated margin in the left breast. Enhancement kinetics demonstrates a rapid initial enhancement followed by washout.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4208002_F1_330156.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	LH1-only membrane patches in three-dimensional representation showing aberrant complexes. A and B, membrane patches produced with no detergent treatment. C, gallery of close-ups of boxed complexes in A and B with black line overlays showing the shape of the aberrant complexes and a gray circle denoting a captured protein in the complex marked with a red box. D, membrane patch prepared using sub-CMC levels of β-DDM. The complex marked with a white box is a spiral, and the complex marked with a blue box is an open ring. The data in B and D have been treated with a low pass filter to reduce noise.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3504390_fig1_168076.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	(a) Three-dimensional scan at the pattern plan level of measurement for the transverse cerebellar and anterior-posterior cisterna magna diameter (thalamus, cerebellar hemispheres, cisterna magna, cavum septum pellucidum, the occipital bone, and nuchal fold) encompassing the entire fetal skull (ROI-region of interest). (b) Multiplanar mode: axial (top right), sagittal (lower right), and coronal (top left). (c) Multislice view: 2 × 3 arrangement (two rows and three columns), with slice thickness cut of 0.5 mm. (d) Adjacent sequential images, showing plan above the cerebellum (in red).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06549.jpg	Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.	Plain X-ray of thigh showing multiple cigar-shaped calcifications
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4158064_Fig5_318823.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Cellular localization of CCL2 positive and CCR2 positive cells. Representative images of confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed colocalization of CCL2 with GFAP (A-C), whereas CCR2 colocalized with ramified iba-1 positive cells in hippocampal GM (D-F), and amoeboid iba-1 positive cells in hippocampal WM (G-I). Scale bar (A-F) = 10 μm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3200091_fig2_112933.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	(a-b) A case of MX BI-RADS 3; mammography shows a cluster of microcalcifications in upper quadrants of left breast. (c) MRI shows a millimetric pseudonodular contrast-enhancement without sure substratum in morphologic sequences in the same region of Mx microcalcifications; it has been classified as MRI BI-RADS 4. (d) The time-intensity curve has heavy but not fast washin and subsequent plateau of contrast-enhancement. Histology conversely demonstrated a sclerosing adenosis.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC4324743_fig1_357427.jpg

Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.

The T2-weighted axial (a) and sagittal (b) images of the cervical spine show hyperintensity (arrows) of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. There was no contrast enhancement of the lesion (not shown).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4364684_F0003_368987.jpg

Create a compact narrative representing the image presented

Lateral and AP radiograph of the right leg showing correction of a non-union fracture of the tibia with a rush rod

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3674718_fig3_209376.jpg

Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.

After six cycles of chemotherapy, PET/CT revealed nearly complete response of mediastinal mass.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC2628316_f9_32692.jpg

Describe the following image in detail

Confocal laser scanning microscopy on choroidal neovascularization membranes. Images display choroidal neovascularization (CNV) membranes of 2-month old C57BL/6 mice after subretinal injection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and microbeads. Tissues section with CNV lesions were stained with antibodies against various cytokines and cytokeratin (CK) 18 (left column) secondary Abs only; middle is with antibody to cytokine only; right shows merged image. Cytokine expression revealed a time-dependent release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; A-C: post inoculation [PI] day 3), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 (D-F: PI day 7), MMP-9 (G-I; PI day 10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (J-L; PI day 14) by CK 18-positive RPE cells.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxut8zpk074ycwmgdckd.jpg

Are there any abnormalities in the image?

Oesophagitis

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zqg074y82szgznp.jpg

What color is the abnormality?

Pink, Red, White

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3663650_F2_206610.jpg

Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation

Immunohistochemical staining of IL-6, TNFα and VEGF in low and high grade of glioma tissues. Low-grade gliomas showed low expression of IL-6 (a), TNFα (b) and VEGF (c) positive tumor cells in serial section. High expression of IL-6 (A), TNFα (B) and VEGF (C) was shown in high-grade gliomas. (magnification: ×400).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3078923_pone-0018799-g004_92734.jpg

Narrate the contents of the image with precision

Eggs of S. mansoni visualised within a colon biopsy crush preparation by bright-field microscopy.(A) Viable mature eggs containing fully developed miracidia (←), an empty egg shell (↑) of a previously hatched miracidium and a dead egg with diffuse contents (→). (B) Dead eggs without dark and granular contents (→). (C) Egg shell with an almost completely hatched miracidium (←) that is trapped within the tissue.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3791943_f3-scipharm.2013.81.833_236203.jpg

Offer a thorough analysis of the image

Effect of Bresol on CS-induced altered Histology of Lungs.(a) Lung of control group showing normal architecture, (b) Disease control showing alveolar enlargement/emphysema (asterisk), increased number of macrophage (black arrow), multifocal lymphocyte aggregates (arrowhead) and peribronchial inflammation (white arrow), (c) Bresol-250 mg/kg showing moderate alveolar enlargement/emphysema, mild increase in the number of macrophage and multifocal lymphocyte aggregates, (d) Bresol-500 mg/kg mild alveolar enlargement/emphysema, minimal increase in the number of macrophage and multifocal lymphocyte aggregates and absence of peribronchial inflammation.(Hematoxylin (H) and Eosin (E) staining, 100 × Magnification).

splits/sfolder_3/PMC4594685_fig10_430067.jpg

Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.

Double staining of U-937 cells sections with antibodies directed against PECAM-1 (green) and ICAM-1 (red), followed by fluorescence after 4 hrs of treatment. (A–C) control sections (D–F) RT (G–I) RT+IFX. Result show representative picture of four to six slides. Original magnification, ×100.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1552.jpg

What is present?

carcinomatosis

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4635686_Fig3_441761.jpg

Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.

a, b and c: Axial views of CT scan, showing the bony expansion medio-lateraly from the left ascending ramus to the condylar head

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8zss074ye8pcfvyc.jpg

How many polyps are in the image?

0

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4386816_pone.0120079.g002_375318.jpg

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization for MET.Representative sarcomas showing different categories for MET gene copy number variations (see text for explanation). MET gene is labeled in green, centromere 7 in orange. (A) MET negative clear cell sarcoma, (B) MET negative angiosarcoma, (C) low level copy number gain in a clear cell sarcoma, (D) intermediate level copy number gain in an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, (E, F) high level amplification in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3645657_f2-ijms-14-06614_202880.jpg

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Inverted microscope photograph of morphology of rMDSCs. First column, 2 days after pre-induction of neurogenesis; second column, 5 days after pre-induction of neurogenesis; third column, 8 days after pre-induction of neurogenesis. First line, the rMDSCs without any stimulant; second line, the rMDSCs with bFGF only; third line, the rMDSCs with pre-induction of bFGF for 24 h and then ethosuximide 4 mM/mL. Magnification is ×200 and scale bar represents 100 μm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4408844_F4_380551.jpg

Explain the various aspects of the image before you

Distribution of VSFP2.3 and RH1691 fluorescence of fixed coronal sections of the somatosensory cortex. VSFP2.3 Citrine fluorescence (left column) and RH1691 fluorescence (middle column) and merged image (right column). Upper row low magnification (scale bar, 200 μm), lower row high magnification (layer 2/3; scale bar, 20 μm). Note that VSFP2.3 is localized to membranes of layers 2/3 and 5 pyramidal neurons, whereas RH1691 staining is seen on all cell types in the neocortical area. Cytosolic stain by RH1691 is likely caused by fixation of the tissue.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3019188_F5_84029.jpg

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Endotoxin levels in liver tissues of patients with BA. Immunohistochemical staining for endotoxin in the liver tissues of controls (biopsy from neonatal hepatitis and hepatoplastoma) (A), patients with CC (B), patients with early-stage BA (C), and patients with late-stage BA (D). Liver sections were stained using a monoclonal antibody against lipid A (HM2046) (left column), mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody (ab27479) (right column) and counterstained with hematoxylin. Lipid-A immunoreactivity was detected in hepatocytes (arrowhead) and biliary epithelial cells (arrow), Original magnification: × 200.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4692397_pone.0145341.g007_456747.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

Representative pictures showing the localization of blue and green autofluorescence emitted by HC and flavonoids respectively, in Oro A and SC exocarp sections (after NH3 treatment) during ripening and post-harvest.Magnification bar: 50 μm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3420756_fig2_150355.jpg

Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.

Electron micrographs of oligodendrocytes in gray matter from control subject (a) and from subjects with schizophrenia (b–d). Dystrophic alterations of oligodendrocytes, Ol, (b, c) and destructive changes of oligodendrocytes (d). Scale bars = 2 μm.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC3431359_pone-0043624-g002_152508.jpg

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Mammary gland, ovary, pituitary and uterine anomalies.Representative H&E stained sections of mammary gland (A), ovary (B), and uterus (C & D). Focal nodules of squamous metaplasia were rarely observed in mammary sections of aged-multiparous mice (A), 10× magnification. Ovary anomalies occur frequently in the aged-multiparous mice, ovarian atrophy (panel B, arrow) was common in aged-multiparous mice, 5× magnification. Large fluid containing cysts suggestive of hydrometra (panel C arrow) and multiple smaller cysts were common in the uterus of aged-nulliparous females (panel D arrow), 5× magnification.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2186317_F5_15954.jpg

Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail

The effect of UL20p carboxyl terminal truncations on UL20p and gK colocalization in TGN cellular compartments. As with figure 4, Vero cells were co-transfected with gKD1V5, as well as with plasmids encoding wild-type or mutant UL20DIFLAG proteins. Thirty-six hours post-transfection, cells were washed thoroughly, fixed, and processed for confocal microscopy. After permeabilization, antibodies a3xFLAG, aV5 and aTGN46 were used to identify, UL20p, gK and TGN46, respectively.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q51ejj083293wbaf9v.jpg

Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?

No

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3757392_f8-cancers-03-01821_228058.jpg

Describe the following image in detail

The normal renal structure in A is compared with radiation necrosis in B caused by 213Bi-PAI2 at 13 weeks post-injection. Arrow in image A indicates normal tubule compared with B which shows the tubular vacuolization and dilation, a result of the toxic effect. H&E staining with magnification of × 1000 [49].

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvn90yw074y7k9t23hf.jpg

Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?

Z-line

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3065735_fig1_91247.jpg

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A 54-year-old woman with FUO underwent PET-CT for the diagnosis of underlying disease. Transaxial slices of CT (a1, b1), fusion (a2, b2), and PET (a3, b3) and anterior MIP image (c) showed accumulation of FDG in the wall of thoracic aorta and the supra-aortal branches. Gigantocellular arteritis was confirmed subsequently by temporal arterial biopsy.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_other/train_1574.jpg

Where is this area in the body?

breast

splits/subfolder_3/PMC1524763_F4_6263.jpg

Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.

X-ray images of the hand of patient No. 5 three months after the reconstruction (4a and 4b) and after the plate removal 10 months later (4c and 4d). New bone has refilled the metaphyseal defect.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90g8074yft724moc.jpg

Is there a green/black box artefact?

No

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3314973_f0020_131908.jpg

Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image

SMLR weight vector discrimination map for the binary classifier contrasting MPH and ATX. Positive coefficients (red color scale) indicate a positive contribution to the prediction of MPH and negative coefficients (blue color scale) indicate a positive contribution to prediction of ATX. The scale for the weight vector coefficients is arbitrary and the right hand side of each image corresponds to the participants' right side and numerals in white text indicate Z-coordinates in Talairach space.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3014707_fig5_82851.jpg

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The pathological changes of a 12-month diabetic rabbit. (a) and (b) There is marked damage to beta-cells (arrow); (c) and (d) the microscopic cross-section of the artery in the pancreas shows a thickened vessel wall (arrow); (e) and (f) Hyaline arteriolosclerosis. The amorphous, homogeneous eosinophilic material is seen in the thickened vascular wall of afferent glomerular arteriole and the lumen is narrowed markedly (arrow). Glomerular atrophy is also present; (g) and (h) lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes appearing as vacuoles (hepatic fatty degeneration); (i) and (j) the microscopic section of the aortic media showing mild spot calcifications (arrow).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2890595_F1_67043.jpg

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cpnA- cells are arrested in the slug stage of development. Wild-type (A) and cpnA- (C) Dictyostelium cells were plated on black filters at 5 × 107 cells/mL in starvation buffer and developed for 48 hours. Images were taken using a Leica dissecting microscope at 40× magnification (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Wild-type (B) and cpnA- (D) stalk structures were removed from the filters, placed in glass bottom dishes, and imaged using a Nikon fluorescence microscope at 1000× (B) and 600× (D) magnification with DIC optics (scale bar = 40 μm).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3309975_pone-0033887-g003_131042.jpg

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The nipi-4 gene acts cell autonomously in the epidermis.(A–E) Expression of nipi-4 is seen throughout the epidermis (A & B)), in larvae (C) and adults (A,B,D&E), from head (D) to tail (E), in vulval cells (arrow in B), in rectal cells (arrow in E), but not in the seam cells (arrowhead in A), scale bar 10 µm. (F–G) nipi-4(fr71) and nipi-4(fr71);frEx496 (Pcol-19::NIPI-4) worms strains carrying an integrated Pnlp-29::GFP reporter (frIs7) following infection. The expression of nipi-4 in epidermal cells in the adult rescues the nipi-4 phenotype. Green and red fluorescence is visualized simultaneously with a GFP long pass filter.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4458002_Fig1_393971.jpg

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a On magnetic resonance imaging, an heterogeneous multinodular mass was observed on sagittal T1-weighted images (TR/TE: 1,200/120). Dark signal nodules, compatible with hemosiderin deposition, were identified. b On macroscopy a multinodular lesion was evident in the leg and in the thigh showing variegated colour. c, d On haematoxylin and eosin staining the lesion showed synovial-like mononuclear cells without cytologic atypia, admixed with multinucleate giant cells.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4263702_pone-0114902-g003_343764.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Typical X-ray images of xylem vessels in a maize leaf.Identical xylem bundle (A) before the first rehydration with AuNP solution and (B) after the first rehydration and dehydration cycle. Vessel wall is darkened by attached AuNPs.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3420699_fig1_150297.jpg

Provide a brief description of the given image.

Noncontrast CT scan after 24 hours of intravenous Heparin.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3595545_fig02_191233.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

a) Confocal microscopy images of PLGA-PAA composite microneedles fabricated to encapsulate DiD-loaded PLGA microparticles (MP) (right, scale bar 200 μm). SEM images of b) resulting microparticle-encapsulating microneedle array (scale bar 200 μm) and c) high magnification image of the composite needle interior of a fractured microneedle (scale bar 10 μm).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4054963_fig2_297125.jpg

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Manifestations of contrast enhancement effect on MR image from medial, central, and lateral sides of the knee joint to represent overall enhancement impact on the stack of 2D MR images. (First row from left to right) Original MR knee image from different sides: (a) medial, (b) central, and (c) lateral. (Second row from left to right) BBCCE enhanced MR knee image from different sides: (d) medial, (e) central, and (f) lateral. Knee cartilage is known as (in red arrows with label): (1) patellar cartilage, (2) femoral cartilage, (3) tibial cartilage. Prominent knee features in this image include (in white labeled arrows): (1) femoral sulcus and (2) Intensity variation within cartilage.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qc1eof08328fkx645x.jpg

Is there text?

Yes

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2687415_F2_39152.jpg

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Histopathological examination of the synovium. Bv8 in Figs. d, e, and f was stained brown. a. HE-staining of the synovium in the control group (×200). b. HE-staining of the synovium in the CIA group (×50). c. HE-staining of the synovium in the CIA group (×200). The area in the box in Fig. b is enlarged. d. Immunohistochemical staining of the synovium with anti-Bv8 antibody in the control group (×200). e. Immunohistochemical staining of the synovium with anti-Bv8 antibody in the CIA group (×50). f. Immunohistochemical staining of the synovium with anti-Bv8 antibody in the CIA group (×200). The area in the box in Fig. e is enlarged.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC4149541_pone-0106236-g002_316738.jpg

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Microscopic observation of Agrho2 mutant strains.A) Phase contrast images of tip-branching in wild-type (top row) and ΔAgrho2 strains. The images show 3 time-points of tip-branching events taken from time-lapse movies. The time-points in minutes are indicated in the top right corner of each image. The growth speed of the hyphae directly prior to tip-branching was determined from the time-lapse movie and is presented on the right side of the figure. Scale bar, 20 µm. B) Actin stained with rhodamine-phalloidin of hyphae from wild-type and ΔAgrho2 strains. Scale bar, 5 µm.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02840.jpg

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Sonogram of a sickle cell anaemia patient showing the portal vein and the common bile duct as they course through the hilum of the liver. The common bile duct is anterior to the portal vein, it has a normal diameter which measures 0.17 cm. The portal vein diameter is also normal and it measures 0.82 cm.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4376809_Fig19_372379.jpg

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Pituitary adenomas. Sagittal post-contrast fat-suppressed T1WI (a) shows an heterogenously enhancing pituitary macroadenoma which contains a non-enhancing portion with high signal on T2WI (b). secondary to cystic degeneration. Coronal post-contrast fat-suppressed T1WI (c) shows a pituitary microadenoma which shows less early contrast enhancement than the normal pituitary tissue

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3502368_F10_167067.jpg

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OFDI images obtained from patients with a normal-appearing stomach and esophagus by endoscopy. (A) OFDI image of squamous mucosa. (B) Expanded view of A demonstrates a layered appearance, including the epithelium (e), lamina propria (lp), muscularis mucosa (mm), submucosa (sm), and muscularis propria (mp). Vessels are clearly identified in the submucosa (arrows). (C) OFDI image of gastric cardia. (D) Expanded view of C demonstrates vertical pit and crypts, regular, broad architecture, high surface backscattering, and diminished image penetration. Tick marks in A and C and scale bars in B and D represent 1 mm. Reprinted with permission from Suter MJ, et al. [68].

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3522340_s2fig4_172882.jpg

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MRI findings of the infratemporal massA, Coronal T1 weighted MRI (TR/TE = 400/8.1) showing well-defined large mass with homogeneous low signal intensity and mild internal enhancement. Pressure effect on lateral wall of naso- and oropharynx is observed; B, Axial T1 weighted image showing low signal mass adjacent to parotid gland; C and D, Axial and sagittal T2 weighted images (TR/TE = 3610/105) reveal high signal intensity of the mass in the infratemporal fossa and adjacent to the parotid gland.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3373112_F1_141325.jpg

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Pediculus humanus corporis, the human body louse, viewed with electron microscope at magnification ×120.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3530512_pone-0052772-g001_175092.jpg

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Identification and expression of TFPI-2 in human skin and wounds.(A) Immunohistochemical identification of TFPI-2 in normal skin, acute skin wound and in chronic venous leg ulcer tissue (chronic wound). Skin biopsies were taken from normal skin (n = 3), acute wounds (n = 3) and from the wound edges of patients with chronic venous ulcers (n = 3). Representative sections are shown. Scale bar is 100 µm. (B) TFPI-2 expression levels in wounds in vivo and ex vivo. Expression levels of TFPI-2, as determined by array data, in wounded and non-wounded skin are presented (n = 3).

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3814919_f3_240649.jpg

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Brain MRI of patient 2 at presentation showed an irregular ring-enhancing lesion in the right frontoparietal region with maximal transverse dimension of 2.2 cm ( A). After 10 days of anti-toxoplasma treatment and antiretroviral therapy, follow-up MRI revealed no significant interval change of enhancing frontoparietal lesion ( B).

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27049.jpg

what is most alarming about this mri?

epidermoid inclusion cyst

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3726297_F3_220956.jpg

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Patient 10. Portal vein tumor thrombosis in a large heterogeneous HCC. (a, b) Catheter-directed CT angiogram of the right hepatic artery demonstrates contrast enhancement within portal vein tumor thrombosis (arrow). (c, d)90Y PET/CT depicts focal 90Y activity within the portal vein tumor thrombus in high resolution. (e, f) The same activity is poorly visualized on 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT as subtle, ill-defined activity.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3679049_pone-0066263-g003_210531.jpg

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Morphology of hBMSCs cultured on Ta and Ti coatings.(A) SEM images of the surface morphology of both coatings with cultured hBMSCs at 800× magnifications. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of single hBMSC F-actin cytoskeletal morphology on both coatings for 3 and 24 h. (red, phalloidin for F-actin; blue, DAPI for nucleus).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22448.jpg

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Coronal T1-weighted MRI of the pelvis and hips - repeat imaging.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24194.jpg

what organ system is shown in this x-ray?

heart and great vessels

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3168491_fig2_107599.jpg

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EUS-FNA procedure. Case: 62 years old, female, tumor size 20 mm, area M in stomach. (a) Endoscopy showing submucosal lesion in the stomach, (b) EUS showing submucosal hypoechoic tumor with continuity to the proper muscle layer, (c) the hypoechoic mass shown on EUS was punctured under real-time EUS guidance (EUS-FNA), and (d) cell block specimen from a GIST revealing brown staining, positive for c-kit immunoperoxidase stain.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39269.jpg

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Nonenhancing fluid collection (arrow) around the RCA stent.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4546451_F6_416834.jpg

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PathologyThe excised specimen revealed a well defined encapsulated nodular fleshy mass, weighting 120 gram and measuring 8.5 × 5.5 × 5 cm, with a spongy consistency and reddish brown color (Panel A.). Microscopic examination showed features of a mixed type cavernous-capillary hemangioma. The immunohistochemical profile was CD34 positive, CD31 positive (Panel B.), factor VIII positive, alpha actin positive, cytokeratin negative

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3231192_f3-sensors-10-08526_118332.jpg

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Histochemical analysis of GUS expression in leaf tissues of tobacco (A) and Arabidopsis (B) plants exposed to heat-shock at 42 °C for 6 h. HSP-FLP-GUS (transgenic containing FLP/FRT recombination system); HSP-GUS (transgenic control: heat-shock promoter driving GUS expression); 35S-GUS (transgenic control: CaMV 35S promoter driving GUS expression); wild type (non-transgenic control).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4010541_pone-0096586-g004_286094.jpg

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Images of three prostate cancer cell lines transfected with Cy-3-labeled AR siRNA observed using fluorescence microscopy.Red fluorescence in the cytoplasm indicates that the Cy3-labeled AR siRNA was successfully transfected (400× magnification).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67673.jpg

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Acute appendicitis fat oedema.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC3570124_f1-etm-05-02-0533_185017.jpg

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Case 1: Bilateral lower limb swelling and pain of 2 days’ duration, 7 days after filter implantation. (A) Occlusion of the infrarenal IVC and Vena Tech filter in the thrombus were displayed by cavogram. (B) Following implantation of an OptEase filter in the suprarenal IVC and recanalization using a guide wire, the venogram displayed a large thrombus in the IVC. (C) After 14 days of thrombolytic therapy, the amount of residual thrombus in the IVC was <10%. (D) The OptEase filter was retrieved through a femoral vein approach. IVC, inferior vena cava.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26603.jpg

what plane was used?

axial

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2564766_B2W-42-07-0581-f01_28547.jpg

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Magnetic resonance images of different grades of muscle lesion: (A) grade I lesion; (B) grade II lesion; (C) grade III lesion.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4273471_fig1_345912.jpg

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Photograph sent by GK to our office depicting her sudden right-hand swelling.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28524.jpg

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Upper GI study with gastrografin showing a gastrocutaneous fistula (arrow).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3995316_fig5_282877.jpg

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Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images of a male with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL). (a) FAF images of a patient with PVRL showing predominantly hyperautofluorescence in the form of granular hyper- and hypoautofluorescence, (b) OCT scan showing areas of nodular hyperreflective spots at the level of the RPE (arrows). (c) 2 years following the treatment the FAF image shows less marked granular hyperautofluorescence, as well as a fading of the nodular RPE hyperreflective spots previously noted on OCT ((d), arrows).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4363630_fig1_368587.jpg

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Colour fundus images of OD (a) and OS (b), fundus autofluorescent images of OD (c) and OS (d), venous phase of fluorescein angiography of OD (e) and OS (f), Indocyanine Green angiographic appearance of OD (g) and OS (h), and OCT sections of OD (i) and OS (j) at the time of our initial examination.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64976.jpg

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A 6-year-old boy with a history of treated bladder RMS. At surgical resection the urethra was damaged leading to a persistent urinoma in, after RT, nonvital tissue. MRI image after treatment shows a mass (asterisk) between the urethra (open arrow) and the rectum (solid arrow). This mass is a vascularized gracilis muscle flap used to repair the defect. Without proper knowledge of the surgical history of the patient, this might have been interpreted as tumour recurrence. Histopathology: embryonal RMS

splits/sfolder_3/PMC4500547_pone.0132512.g003_405583.jpg

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SEM micrographs showing cell killing of pre-formed plaque biofilms induced by different treatments with peptide 1018.The images show the effect of different treatments (one time, twice or three times) with 10 μg/ml of peptide 1018 on pre-formed (3-day old) plaque biofilms grown either on HA or saliva-coated HA disks. Peptide treated samples accumulated extracellular debris presumably from compromised cells; biofilm cells exhibited disrupted morphologies and were smaller in size in the treated samples. The low magnification corresponds to 5000 X, and the high magnification corresponds to 20 000 X.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4656255_Fig1_446950.jpg

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A 77-year-old man with level IIa node metastasis arising from cancer of the tongue (pT4N2b). a CT of PET/CT shows one swollen lymph node 20 mm in longest diameter at right level IIa (arrow), suggesting the presence of nodal cancer spread. b FDG-PET/CT shows intense FDG uptake (SUVmax:11.91) corresponding to the right level IIa node seen in a (arrow), suggesting the presence of nodal cancer spread. Examination of the histopathological specimen confirmed extensive lymph node involvement by cancer in this node. Both CT and FDG-PET/CT were true-positive

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3042916_F1_87820.jpg

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Visualization and sampling criteria for cotyledon pavement cells at different time points after germination. Fields of cotyledon epidermal cells stained with FM4-64 and subjected to simple morphometric analyses. Top row, left to right, fields of 2, 5, and 12 DAG cotyledon epidermal cells stained with FM4-64. Middle row: Same fields as top row showing the sampling scheme for cell measurements of complete cells that intersect a diagonal transect across the image field. Bottom row: example cells from each time point that were digitally dissected from the field, thresholded, and skeletonized. Bar = 100 μm

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3364585_fig1_140097.jpg

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(a) left panel: computerized tomography (CT) of the spine, showing an osteolytic lesions (white arrow) in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in a thoracic vertebra. Right panel: radiograph of the spine, showing flattening of the third lumbar vertebra (white arrows) in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. (b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; left panel: whole-body MRI, showing multiple foci of osteomyelitis, some of which are distributed symmetrically; right panel: magnified image (from the left panel) of the knees, showing inflammatory epiphyseal lesions in both tibiae.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_70309.jpg

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AP radiograph. Cementless total hip arthroplasty. Periprosthetic lucency in the area of the greater trochanter (arrow) and some punctate densities adjacent to the lesser trochanter/ Gruen zone 7 (arrowheads), representing small metal particles: adverse reaction to metal debris

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81427.jpg

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Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: Intra-ductal mass in the common bile duct extending up to confluence (arrows)

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602575_F1_432203.jpg

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MRI found multifoci nocardial brain abscesses. (A) Axial T1-weighted image showed multiple low signal intensity lesions. (B) T2 weighting showed significant edema around the lesions. (C, D) T1-weighted contrast-enhanced image showed multifoci, ring-enhancing abscesses.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3187774_pone-0025451-g002_110973.jpg

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Low FLAIR patient.A 67 year old male patient with a right temporo-parieto-occipital GBM. The segmented edema/tumor infiltration (blue), enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) are seen overlaid on a base post- contrast T1WI. These images demonstrate a patient with a GBM and a large amount of peritumoral FLAIR hyperintensity reflecting edema and tumor infiltration.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4274121_pone-0115933-g003_346145.jpg

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Neck failure in a 45-year-old male patient with right hypopharyngeal SCC after chemoradiation.The patient’s hemoglobin level was 12.7 g/dL. A. Pretreatment axial-enhanced MRI identified a right cervical metastatic node (arrow). B. The corresponding ADC map showed a nodal ADC value of 1.24×10−3 mm2/s. C. The corresponding PWI map showed a nodal V e value of 0.07. D. Post-treatment axial-enhanced MRI demonstrated a residual right cervical node (arrow), which was further confirmed by neck dissection.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1002.jpg

How many 22q13 signals are there?

two

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3538677_pone-0053692-g004_177278.jpg

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Observation of hepatic injury in CAR- and D-galN-primed endotoxin shock-induced mice.All mice were abataged at indicated times, and photographed. (A) After 12 h of injecting LPS (20 μg/mouse) to the CAR (5 mg/mouse)-primed mice liver (B) After 36 h of injecting LPS (20 μg/mouse) to CAR (5 mg/mouse)-primed mice liver (C) After 12 h of injecting LPS (20 μg/mouse) to non-primed mice liver (D) After 6 h of injecting LPS (0.5 μg/mouse) to D-galN (20 mg/mouse)-primed mice liver (E) After 6 h of injecting only D-galN (20 mg/mouse) (F) Control mice liver.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3540024_F3_177623.jpg

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Magnetic resonance images (T2 weighed CCI SPACE sequence) of the left S1 spinal nerve at the level of the dorsal root ganglion (arrows). 1. Coronal view, 2. sagittal view and 3. axial view. All views are reconstructed projections parallel (coronal and sagittal) or perpendicular (axial) to the length axis of the nerve.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03669.jpg

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Unenhanced axial CT image showing confluent intra- and extra-abdominal disease

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1552.jpg

Is this present?

no

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4046101_F1_294829.jpg

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Magnetic resonance imaging showing the left parotid gland mass in the coronal plane.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC2886050_F2_66250.jpg

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Radiogram of chest in ventro-dorsal projection. The ventro-dorsal projection of the chest visualizes well the left and the right edge of the tumour. The widest dimension of the tumour amounts to around 8.4 cm. Note the transplaced to the right trachea (T). The approximate length amounts to 10.3 cm. Case no 2.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2779803_F3_51327.jpg

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Expression of Fz1 in hippocampal neurons during development. (A) Immunoblots of protein extracts from cultured hippocampal neurons during differentiation from 4 to 14 DIV. The same amount of protein was applied to all lanes. Molecular weight standards are indicated at the right (kDa). N-Cad, N-cadherin. (B) Immunodetection of Fz1 and phosphorylated MAP1B in cultured hippocampal neurons at 4 DIV. (C-E) Immunodetection of Fz1 and Bassoon (scale bar = 10 μm). (C) On DIV 7, Fz1 is observed in isolated axons as fine puncta. (D) On DIV 10, larger clusters of Fz1 co-localize with Bassoon puncta in axons contacting other neurons (arrows), but not in isolated axons (E).

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv4902g074y9ugv9pi0.jpg

How many polyps are in the image?

0

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4370594_pone.0119689.g003_370726.jpg

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Patient 1 and 2 large-scale genomic alterations.Circos Plots for patients 1 (A) and 2 (B). Copy number gains shown in red, copy number losses shown in green (height of bars is proportional to the number of copies gained or lost). Purple lines indicate interchromosomal translocations. Orange lines indicate intrachromosomal translocation.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3504199_fig1_167913.jpg

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Metastatic melanoma, left kidney (arrow).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_13852.jpg

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Anterolateral and posteromedial plate fixation of proximal tibial plateau fracture (AP view)

splits/sfolder_1/PMC4057728_f7-ijms-15-08216_298103.jpg

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Confocal microscopy images depicting intracellular/nuclear localization of DOX in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were treated with 10 μg/mL DOX and DOX loaded AuNPs for 4 and 8 h followed by confocal imaging with Leica TCS SP5-II microscope at 200× magnification to interpret the cellular localization of DOX, scale 75 μm. (A) Control HeLa cells; (B) HeLa cells treated with DOX; and (C) and DOX loaded AuNPs. Data is representative of three independent experiments.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3302998_Fig1_129710.jpg

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Right eye. a Preoperative color photograph demonstrates multiple, small, yellowish punctate lesions at the level of the choroid. A subfoveal CNV membrane with hyperpigmented borders is seen. b Early transit of the fluorescein angiogram shows early hyperfluorescence of the CNV lesion. c Late phase of the angiogram shows leakage from the CNV along with multiple punctate hyperfluorescent lesions in the peripapillary area and the periphery. d Fundus photograph 1 month after surgical excision of CNV showing RPE atrophy

splits/sfolder_2/PMC2725295_pone-0006719-g007_43278.jpg

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NUP98-HOXA9 and NUP98-HOXA9/N51S have similar effects on human CFC morphology.Primary human CD34+ cells were retrovirally transduced with either control MSCV-IRES-GFP vector or vector expressing NUP98-HOXA9, NUP98-HOXA9/N51S, HOXA9, or HOXA9ΔN, and cells were sorted for GFP positivity. One thousand cells were seeded into each of two duplicate plates for CFC assay and the experiment was repeated 3–4 independent times. Representative plates without magnification (left) and low power photomicrographs of representative erythroid colonies (right) are shown.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3477563_fig3_161534.jpg

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Fibrocystic mastopathy with sclerosing adenosis. Round microcalcification that is typically benign in microradiography (b) appears linear and amorphous in conventional specimen radiography as a result of the superposition (a). The calcification is marked by arrows in the histological picture (c).

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1evn0832hvvuf1ba.jpg

Is this finding easy to detect?

Yes

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2904815_fig08_68918.jpg

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Higher power images of differential dopamine receptor subtype expression in the cerebellum. A–F show film autoradiogram images that were inverted, where expression can be seen in the granular layer for all receptors; the Nissl staining of the dense granular layer in the in situ hybridizations masks the label. G–L show Nissl-stained images in darkfield, in which the differential expression (white silver grains) of several receptors (D1A, D1B, and D3) can be seen in the inner and outer halves of the molecular layer and in Purkinje cells, respectively (arrows). Scale bars = 0.25 mm in A (applies to A–F); 0.25 mm in G (applies to G–K); 0.25 mm in L.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4597442_Fig3_430951.jpg

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Radiological outcome of a four-part fracture with secondary implantation of a reversed shoulder prosthesis in a 66-year-old man (patient No. XV). a Preoperative; b intraoperative; c postoperative; d 13-month follow-up

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2946595_fig4_74891.jpg

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A 39-year-old woman with high-grade pure DCIS. Axial precontrast T1-weighted image (top), postcontrast subtraction image (middle), and maximum intensity projection (bottom) show a 2.8 cm mass lesion with spiculated margin in the left breast. Enhancement kinetics demonstrates a rapid initial enhancement followed by washout.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4208002_F1_330156.jpg

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LH1-only membrane patches in three-dimensional representation showing aberrant complexes. A and B, membrane patches produced with no detergent treatment. C, gallery of close-ups of boxed complexes in A and B with black line overlays showing the shape of the aberrant complexes and a gray circle denoting a captured protein in the complex marked with a red box. D, membrane patch prepared using sub-CMC levels of β-DDM. The complex marked with a white box is a spiral, and the complex marked with a blue box is an open ring. The data in B and D have been treated with a low pass filter to reduce noise.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3504390_fig1_168076.jpg

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(a) Three-dimensional scan at the pattern plan level of measurement for the transverse cerebellar and anterior-posterior cisterna magna diameter (thalamus, cerebellar hemispheres, cisterna magna, cavum septum pellucidum, the occipital bone, and nuchal fold) encompassing the entire fetal skull (ROI-region of interest). (b) Multiplanar mode: axial (top right), sagittal (lower right), and coronal (top left). (c) Multislice view: 2 × 3 arrangement (two rows and three columns), with slice thickness cut of 0.5 mm. (d) Adjacent sequential images, showing plan above the cerebellum (in red).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06549.jpg

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Plain X-ray of thigh showing multiple cigar-shaped calcifications

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4158064_Fig5_318823.jpg

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Cellular localization of CCL2 positive and CCR2 positive cells. Representative images of confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed colocalization of CCL2 with GFAP (A-C), whereas CCR2 colocalized with ramified iba-1 positive cells in hippocampal GM (D-F), and amoeboid iba-1 positive cells in hippocampal WM (G-I). Scale bar (A-F) = 10 μm.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3200091_fig2_112933.jpg

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(a-b) A case of MX BI-RADS 3; mammography shows a cluster of microcalcifications in upper quadrants of left breast. (c) MRI shows a millimetric pseudonodular contrast-enhancement without sure substratum in morphologic sequences in the same region of Mx microcalcifications; it has been classified as MRI BI-RADS 4. (d) The time-intensity curve has heavy but not fast washin and subsequent plateau of contrast-enhancement. Histology conversely demonstrated a sclerosing adenosis.