vhada/Random_Combined · Datasets at Hugging Face

image stringlengths 37 84	question stringlengths 9 255	answer stringlengths 1 1.79k
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46676.jpg	What is shown in this image?	A metastatic lymph node with a lobulated border and heterogeneous echo pattern
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4573996_Fig1_424342.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Representative IHC images for MED15 expression from tissue of tumor-free testis (a), intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (IGCNU) (b) and seminoma (SEM) (c). 10× (upper panel) and 40× (lower panel) objective magnification
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2361144_fig2_21371.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Series of in vivo fluorescence images of a RIF-1 EGFP tumour growing in the leg of a C3H mouse. The images labeled MET 1 and 2 were captured at autopsy and show metastases in the liver.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47441.jpg	what is abnormal in the mri?	medulloblastoma (pnet)
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03100.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Cannula course during fetal cardiac intervention for pulmonary valvuloplasty, entering the right ventricle at the infundibulum, in the longitudinal view, with the cannula course parallel to the RV outflow tract.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2635622_f7-ijms-9-2278_33779.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Fluorescent and bright field images of enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in SK-BR-3 cells transfected with of PEI 25 kDa carrying pEGFP at N/P ratio of 10 in different FBS concentration medium (a1, in 10% FBS; a2, in 20% FBS; a3, in 50% FBS; a4, in 100% FBS), HP α-CD-PEI carrying EGFP plasmid at N/P ratio of 50 (c1, in 10% FBS; c2, in 20% FBS; c3, in 50% FBS; c4, in 100% FBS). Image of column a1 to a4 and c1 to c4 were in fluorescence, image of column b1 to b4 and d1 to d4 were in bright field.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2673.jpg	What is present ?	coronary artery anomalous origin left from pulmonary artery
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3892100_F1_258472.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Scanning electron microscopy images of amphibole samples. Representative SEM images obtained at 2000x magnification of (A) LA2000, (B) LA2007, (C) RTI amosite and (D) UICC amosite illustrating the relative morphology and size distribution of the mineral particles. Images do not reflect equal masses of each sample. Scale bars are 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1502131_F3_6046.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Electron micrographs for A) VP40 VLPs, B) VP40+VP35 VLPs, C) VP40+VP35+NP VLPs, and D) VP40+NP+GP VLPs.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s3zf071ueloh0xir.jpg	What type of procedure is the image taken from?	Colonoscopy
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3792983_pone-0076831-g004_236464.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Patient F1 (P1) MRI, age 3 years 1 month (A-D), and 4 years 2 months (E-H).There is increased CSF space around the cerebellum (arrows in A and E) associated with cerebellar cortical atrophy and gliosis, with widening of folia and increased signal in the residual cerebellar cortex (arrows in B and F). Axial T2-weighted (C and G) and axial diffusion (D and H) highlight iron deposition as reduction in signal intensity in the globus pallidi in only the later T2-weighted sequence (G), but in both diffusion sequences (D and H).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4480819_Fig1_399869.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	A threshold applied to the TcMAA SPECT image (a) defines the MAA-positive volume (b), and to the 99mTc-sulphur colloid (SC) SPECT (c) defines the SC-positive volume (d). Coregistration of the two SPECT scans results in four compartments: f unirradiated functional liver (V FL-UN), MAA-negative, SC-positive (blue), g tumour (V T), MAA-positive SC-negative (red), h irradiated functional liver (V FL-IR), MAA-positive SC-positive (purple), and tumour necrosis (V NULL), MAA-negative SC-negative (black)
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3782638_Fig2_233441.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Radiography of the PHO patient with hyperplastic synovium. a Normal X-ray; b both hands showed periostosis; c both legs showed periostitis in the proximal tibia; d pronounced periosteal reaction at the distal end of femur (arrow)
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3841825_F3_246370.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Increased mitochondrial membrane interactions following exercise. A: representative TEM images of soleus SS mitochondria linked by electron-dense contact sites (EDCS). B: proportion of mitochondrial contacts exhibiting an enhanced electron density in SS and IMF mitochondria, from sedentary and running mice. C: pairwise (top) and continuous (bottom, arrow) mitochondria across a Z-line. D: proportion of continuous or interacting IMF mitochondria across Z-lines. E: neighboring mitochondria tethered by EDCS (arrowheads) and connected by a narrow (≈50 nm) tunnel of matrix space. n = 14–16 myofibers analyzed per group.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3903531_pone-0086363-g006_261695.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	Comparison of epidermides from the Tuyoq Grottoes and modern plants.1,3: Unearthed lower leaf epidermis of wheat (Triticum sp.) from Tuyoq Grottoes, 2,4: Lower leaf epidermis of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum), 5,7: Unearthed lower leaf epidermis of Agropyron mongolicum from Tuyoq Grottoes, 6,8: Lower leaf epidermis of modern Agropyron mongolicum; Scale bar in1,2,5,6 = 30 µm; in 3,4,7,8 = 20 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3610082_F4_195261.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Localization of chloroplast envelope proteins with C-terminal GFP or YFP tags that were transiently expressed in Nicotiana tabacum. The first column shows chlorophyll autofluorescence, the second column GFP or YFP fluorescence, column three shows the overlay. Protein names (as used in Table 1) are indicated on the right of each row.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4623537_F0001_437913.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Preoperative X-rays (a and b) and CT scan (c) showing volar dislocation of the lunate bone.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_xray-arms/train_0346.jpg	Do characteristic features include diffuse osteopenia, marked loss of the joint spaces of the carpal, metacarpal, phalangeal, and interphalangeal joints, periarticular bony erosions, and ulnar drift of the fingers?	yes
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3706314_pone-0068749-g001_216677.jpg	Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.	Symptoms on C. metuliferus susceptible line Acc. 2459 inoculated with PRSV.(A) C. metuliferus showing severe stunting, leaf distortion, and narrow leaf blades at 30 dpi. (B) Plants showed severe mosaic symptom and malformation in systemic leaves after 10 dpi.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2245.jpg	Where is this from?	gastrointestinal system
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2743804_f3_45984.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	AAV2/5-GFP transduction includes a few horizontal cells and Müller glia. A: The panel shows native GFP fluorescence (scAAV2/5-GFP-injected retina), calbindin and calretinin immunohistochemistry and a merge of all three. The arrow indicates a horizontal cell that is expressing GFP. B: The image on the left shows endogenous GFP expression; some inner retinal cells are expressing GFP (ssAAV2/5-GFP-injected retina). The image on the right shows immunohistochemistry using an anti-GFP antibody. The arrows indicate Müller cells that are expressing GFP. Scale bar equals 50 µm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4332747_Fig4_359939.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Postoperative radiographs. The postoperative anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs revealed that the dislodged bone cement had been removed. Good correction of spinal alignment was achieved by fibular allograft implantation and posterior pedicle screw fixation.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3938758_pone-0090433-g009_270774.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	MANF expression in the olfactory bulb. A: Rat pups were sacrificed at the indicated postnatal days. MANF expression in the olfactory bulb was determined by IHC. 1, Glomerular layer (GLL); 2, External plexiform layer (EPL); 3, Mitral cell layer (MCL); 4, Internal plexiform layer (IPL); 5, Granule cell layer (GL). Scale bar = 100 µm. B: Images of higher magnification showed the MCL. Scale bar = 25 µm. C: Double-labeling immunofluorescent staining was performed to determine the identity of cells expressing MANF. The images showed the expression of MANF (green), NeuN (red), GFAP (red) and DAPI (blue) in the MCL of PD15 rat pups. Scale bar = 25 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4625431_Fig3_438631.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B scan ultrasonography of both eyes. Choroidal thickening with effusion (white arrow) were found in both eyes. Using OCT, serous retinal detachment (yellow arrow) was found in both eyes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2253716_fig02_18130.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Immunohistochemical analysis of SBEM expression in the small panel of 10 human breast cancers. Immunohistochemistry was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Patient/sample identification is indicated on top left of each picture, and the corresponding H-score for IHC is presented on the bottom right corner. H-scores were derived from semiquantitative assessment of both staining intensity (scale 0–3) and the percentage of positive cells (0–100%) and, when multiplied, generate a score ranging from 0 to 300. Bar = 50 μm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43120.jpg	What is shown in this image?	3-d showing skull vault defect and midface hypoplasia
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3398889_pone-0041105-g007_145445.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Differentiation potential of AMMs.(A) Representative photographs of cytokeratin-expressing ADMs and AMMs in vivo. Tissue sections from wound area 2 weeks after cell injection were stained with cytokeratin antibody (green). Confocal microscopy analysis showed that cytokeratin (green)-expressing AMMs (red) exist in the epidermis and dermis. Arrows indicate cytokeratin and Dil double-positive cells. (B) Quantification of cytokeratin (green)-positive transplanted (red) ADMs and AMMs. Arrows indicate cytokeratin positive Dil-labeled transplanted cells. ** p<0.01, n = 7.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2722057_f1-co16-4-74_43000.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Computed tomography scan of abdomen, showing a hypodense nodule in the right lobe of the liver.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4238334_F2_338021.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	MRI revealed a horse shoe soft tissue mass encasing the distal ulna
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3489670_pone-0048388-g003_163970.jpg	Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner	Multimodal imaging of histological sections from the same diabetic rat cornea.(a–c) Frontal and (d–f) transverse histological sections of the cornea observed (a, d) by transmitted light microcopy, (b, c and e) by TEM, where insets show long-spacing collagen, and (f) by SHG microscopy. St: stroma, DM: Descemet’s membrane. White arrows indicate collagen abnormal deposits in the DM.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4232228_F1_336212.jpg	Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see	Two-dimensional echocardiograms. (A) Apical four-chamber view of the left ventricle (LV) in telediastole with mid-apical hypertrophy (arrow). (B) Longitudinal, long axis view of the LV shows hypertrophy confined to the mid-apical and apical segments of the ventricular septum (arrow). (C) Apical five-chamber of the LV shows the intraventricular gradient (arrow). Ao, Aorta; LA, Left atrium; RA, Right atrium; RV, Right ventricle.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2931481_F2_72487.jpg	What is shown in this image?	Parenchymal alterations. Control animals with normal kidney architecture and regular glomeruli (HE stain, magnification × 25). In contrast, kidneys of apoE-/- /LDL-/- double knockout mice demonstrate lipoprotein glomerulopathy (B, red arrows) and perivascular clusters of inflammatory cells (B, black arrows, magnification × 25).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3212826_F6_115033.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Lycorine reduced the virus distribution and the pathological damages. The infected mice were treated with placebo or lycorine at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. The muscle tissues were sampled at 1 dpi, 3 dpi, 5 dpi and 9 dpi for pathological analysis. A, the virus distribution was detected by immunohistological staining. B, the pathological changes were observed after H&E staining. The red arrows indicated virions in tissues, the green arrows for moderate inflammation and the blue for necrotising myositis. Magnification: 100×.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01216.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	MRI shows asymmetrical soft tissue mass with a stringy appearance surrounding the thoracic vertebral bodies. On November 15, 2009, an MRI was performed. The upper arrow indicated soft tissue masses with a stringy appearance surrounding the thoracic vertebral bodies, and the lower arrow suggested a soft tissue mass in the left kidney.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607987_F0001_433984.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	(A,B,C): TDM cérébrale en contraste spontané, en coupes axiale, coronale et sagittale, montrant: une formation de densité graisseuse de la ligne médiane, occupant la partie postérieure du corps calleux et s'allonge au corps, mesurant 16mm d’épaisseur, et s’étend au ventricule latéral gauche. Il s'y associe une dysgénésie du corps calleux
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3893446_F4_258961.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Immunohistochemical observations of CCR2 protein in spinal cord ventral horns from G1H+/− mice sacrified at onset stage (12 w). Localization of CCR2 immunoreactivity is verified by comparison with that of immunoreactivities for NeuN-immunoreactive (b) neurons, GFAP-immunoreactive (e, h) astrocytes, and Iba1-immunoreactive (k) and CD11b-immunoreactive (n) microglia. CCR2 immunoreactivity is detected with the two different antibodies sc-6228 (a, d, j, m) and PA1-27409 (g), respectively. Panels (c, f, i, l, o) indicate merged images in two other panels of each line. Immunoreactive signals are detected by the double-labeled immunofluorescence method using secondary antibodies conjugated with Cy3 (red) or FITC (green). Scale bar indicates 50 μm (a-o).
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3870863_fig7_253635.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	((a)–(d)) TUNEL immunohistochemical staining in the spinal cord anterior horn at the same magnification of 200 times. TUNEL-positive neurons were observed in SI/R group (b) and SI/R + SY group (c), but in the control group they were almost not detected (a). (d) The apoptotic index (TUNEL-positive to total neuron ratio) of anterior horn neurons, and ∗ indicates comparison with the two other groups, P < 0.05.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwysdogw086ub7ao6ii5.jpg	Where in the image is the instrument?	Upper-left, Lower-left, Center-left
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3671804_f2-etm-05-05-1385_208898.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Pathological findings of renal biopsy. (A and B) under a light microscope (magnification ×400); (C) immunofluorescence. (B) Mesangial cell proliferation and crescent formation were visible, and (C) there were numerous IgA depositions on the mesentery and capillary walls.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2803931_F1_54286.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	(a) Intraoral view showing defect in the mesial wall of the third molar associated with bony defect distal to the second molar and local erythema. (b) Preoperative radiographic image showing mesially impacted third molar in contact with the distal surface of the second molar causing radiolucency at the contact point (dental decay). There is also slight periradicular radiolucency (inflammation) and dilation or thickening of the lamina dura.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3460857_pone-0046357-g008_158016.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Wg protein secretion in lqfR- clones.Shown are confocal microscope images of two third instar larval wing discs immunostained with Wg antibodies (purple). Wingless is expressed and secreted by a stripe of cells at the dorsal/ventral boundary. Homozygous mutant clones are marked by the absence of GFP (green). (A,A′) A wing disc with vps35E42 homozygous clones, outlined in white in A′. The genotype is hs-flp; FRT42D vps35E42/FRT42D ubi-gfp. (B,B′) A wing disc with lqfRΔ117 mutant clones, outlined in white in B′. The genotype is hs-flp; FRT82B lqfRΔ117/FRT82B ubi-gfp. scale bar: ∼10 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3236301_F4_118972.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Expression of pAT5G01860:n1GFP during megagametogenesis. Expression at developmental stage FG1 (A), FG2 (B), FG4 (C), FG5 (D), and FG6 (E) of the developing female gametophyte [63]. Each panel contains an epifluorescence image (top) and an overlay (bottom) of the epifluorescence and a bright-field image of the same ovule. acn, antipodal cell nuclei; ccn, central cell nucleus; ecn, egg cell nucleus; fgn, female gametophyte nuclei; pn, polar nuclei; scn, synergid cell nucleus. Scale bars: 50 μm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3vb071u5qsbatev.jpg	Is this finding easy to detect?	Yes
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxur8zno074y200b0bfa.jpg	How many polyps are in the image?	0
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4627488_F5_439159.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Cyanobacterium thylakoid membranes are drastically affected by UV radiation. While the cytoplasm of control (A), untreated Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii shows a high amount of thylakoid membranes, these structures were greatly reduced after exposure to UV radiation (B). Membranes are highlighted in red in (Ai) and (Bi). In (C), quantitative analyses show a significant reduction of thylakoid areas induced by all UV treatments. Letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05). Cells were fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and prepared for TEM. A total of 64 electron micrographs were evaluated and thylakoid areas measured using software Image J 1.41.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2263047_F7_18569.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Identification of PNNs with antibody against the ADAMTS-derived fragment of brevican. Mouse PNNs immunoreactive for the ADAMTS-derived fragment of brevican distinguished with anti-EAMESE (green) (A) were broadly distributed in cerebral cortex, but were especially prominent deep in cortical layer IV, which differs from the distinct pattern of WFA staining of PNNs (B). The most intense region of WFA reactivity appears in cortical layer III of primary somatosensory cortex (B-C). Scattered WFA positive PNNs are also found in layer V. Images A-C were captured at 100× magnification. Scale bar represents 100 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3387246_pone-0039641-g004_143555.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Oatp4c1 localization in paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded rat kidney tissue sections.Paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney sections were stained with antibodies as indicated. Following staining with PA1343 antibody, color development with NovaRed signifies Oatp4c1 staining (A). Sections were double-stained with PA1343 (B, C, red) and the proximal tubule marker AQP1 (B, green) or the distal tubule marker calbindin (C, green). Nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI (Magnification: 4× (A), 10× (B, C)).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21794.jpg	Summarize the visual content of the image.	Infrared image of crystal shown in figure 17.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3427318_pone-0042968-g007_151726.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Scanning electron microscope analysis of a cross-section of dorsal plates from wild-type and mln strains.A and B represent adult dorsal plates of mln and wild-type silkmoths, respectively. Scale bar: 5 mm. a and c are cross sections of the adult dorsal plate of mln. The arrow indicates stratification. b and d represents cross-sections of the adult dorsal plate of Dazao. Magnification was described as X.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3917527_F1_265371.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	Brain magnetic resonance images before (A-C) and after (D-F) treatment. (A) T2-weighted FLAIR imaging demonstrates bilateral, diffuse hyperintense lesions in the white matter with sparing of the cortical U fibers. T1-weighted images following intravenous gadolinium administration in the (B) axial and (C) coronal planes show bilateral, symmetrical, linear contrast enhancement in a radial distribution throughout the white matter of the cortex and brainstem (arrows). (D) Following treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide, T2-weighted FLAIR imaging demonstrates a dramatic improvement of the hyperintense abnormalities and almost complete resolution of gadolinium enhancement on the T1-weighted images in the (E) axial and (F) coronal planes.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4223022_pone-0112187-g002_333761.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	A glioma tumor shown on CT, MRI, and PET images with various tP and tM altering in the range of 0 to 1 for patient 1.(a) tP = 0, tM = 0; (b) tP = 0, tM = 1;(c) tP = 1, tM = 0; (d) tP = 0, tM = 0.5; (e) tP = 0.5, tM = 1;(f) tP = 0.5, tM = 0; (g) tP = 0.3, tM = 0.3; (h) tP = 0.5, tM = 0.5; (i) tP = 0.7, tM = 0.7.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3907062_F5_262733.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	Dynamic translocation of STIM1 into neuronal filopodia in response to store-depletion. Representative time-lapse fluorescent images of growth cone expressing YFP-XSTIM1 before (1 mM Ca2+) and after store Ca2+ depletion (0 mM Ca2+/CPA). mCherry was co-expressed to mark filopodia and growth cone. Images were pseudocolored to enhance the observation of intensity changes. The arrows indicate newly translocated XSTIM1 proteins into neuronal filopodia. Scale bars: 10 μm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds4aj071u7k0ec1xd.jpg	Are there any abnormalities in the image?	Ulcerative colitis
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1378.jpg	Does this image show lung abscess?	yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3997676_f2-ol-07-05-1515_283668.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	Antero-posterior and lateral view of the radiograph revealing the destruction of the spinous process of C4 and C5 (black arrow), and a soft tissue mass with calcification (pentagram). The front of the vertebral body had been infiltrated by the tumor (white arrow).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2052.jpg	What is present?	malignant thymoma
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4049383_F6_295582.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Combined targeting of TGF-β and integrin β3 attenuates lymph node metastasis of H157 NSCLC cells in the lungs of immunodeficient mice. (A) Percentage of affected lymph nodes (axillary and brachial) in the different experimental groups analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed by means of Mann–Whitney U- test. Significant values are depicted with double asterisks and correspond to p values of 0.009 for both comparisons (B) Representative microphotograph of GFP tumor detection in the histological samples obtained from lungs (upper row) and lymph nodes (lower row). (C) Immunohistochemical detection of integrin β3 in tumors obtained from mice.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3688993_pone-0067329-g001_212873.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	Structural between group differences.(A) The top row shows clusters of decreased FA values in high functioning autism (HFA) participants compared to healthy controls (HC) (pcorr≤0.01). (B) The bottom row shows clusters of decreased gray matter volume in HFA compared to HC (puncorr≤0.001). Clusters d-h are not displayed in the Figure but shown in Table 2. Indices A–E and a–c correspond to cluster indices in Table 2. Brains are displayed in radiologic convention (the right side of the brain Figure corresponds to the left hemisphere and vice versa).
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4097124_F3_306000.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Group level activation maps for finger tapping of the unimpaired hand during the BCI therapy phase of the experiment. Panels demonstrate activation assessed (A) pre-therapy, (B) mid-therapy, (C) upon completion of therapy, and (D) 1 month after the cessation of all therapy, and show the development of a lateralized, focal pattern of activation with the administration of therapy. Maps are displayed according to radiological conventions, such that the right side of the image corresponds to the left hemisphere of the brain.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4269976_Fig1_345429.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Scanning (A) and transmission (negative staining, B) electron micrographs of M. hydrocarbonoclasticus NY-4.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2882321_pone-0010975-g005_65724.jpg	Characterize the image using a well-detailed description	ICP0+GFP-105 disperses linear cytoplasmic structures in a RING-finger-dependent manner.Vero cells were inoculated with 5 pfu per cell of (A) HSV-1 0+GFP105 or (B) HSV-1 0ΔRING in the presence of 200 µM cycloheximide from −0.5 to 10 hours p.i., and were released into medium containing no drugs. Between 4.0 and 4.5 hours post-release, time-lapse photographs were collected of the ICP0+GFP-105 or ICP0ΔRING proteins that encircled the nucleus of HSV-1 infected cells. The scale bar denotes a distance of 10 µm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4021901_f2-membranes-01-00184_288893.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	(a) Electroswelling of lipids on a PET mesh #145. The image was taken 3 min after application of sinusoidal ac voltage (5.0 Vpp, 2 Hz); (b) GVs seen in an opening filled with swelled lipids at 90 min; (c) GVs formed on the threads at 80 min; (d) A large GV observed at 100 min. Bar = 50 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3878674_F1_255880.jpg	Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image	Immunohistochemical staining of PRL-3 expression in gastric cancer. A. Negative control; B. PRL-3 mild expression in gastric carcinoma (x200); C. PRL-3 moderate expression in gastric carcinoma (x200); D. Cellular location of PRL-3 expression, mainly localized in the cytomembrane with some granulated loci in cytoplasm (x400, magnification of D.); E. Intense expression of PRL-3 in the primary gastric carcinoma (x200); F. PRL-3 expression in matched liver metastasis developed 2 years after surgery (x200, E and F are from the same patient).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2862721_pone-0010451-g001_63351.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	Immunolocalization of SmAQP in adult parasites.A. Cross section through a male/female couple showing strong staining with anti-SmAQP antibodies in the tegument. B. Higher magnification image of the peripheral tissue of an adult male showing diminished staining in the tegumental tubercles (arrowheads). C. Electron micrograph of the adult tegument showing immunogold labeling of SmAQP. Arrows indicate gold particles at the host/parasite interface. Numbers above scale bars represent microns.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3325183_pgen-1002626-g001_133760.jpg	Narrate the contents of the image with precision	Stimulation of gliding motility depends on TraA.(A) Indicated motility phenotypes shown for reference. To easily observe stimulation the donor strain (DK6204) was nonmotile (A−S−), i.e. produces sharp colony edges, and nonstimulatable, while the (B) cgl and tgl recipients were phenotypically A−S− but stimulatable. (C) Indicated mutants mixed 1∶1 with the donor exhibiting various degrees of A- or S-motility stimulation. (D) Same as C, except strains mixed with isogenic traA::km donor. (E) Same as C, except isogenic recipient strains contain the traA::km mutation. Cells were incubated for 22 hrs at 33°C and observed with 10× objective. Table S2 lists strain genotypes.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyedo3c086ucodk7jed.jpg	Is this finding easy to detect?	Yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3329427_pone-0035322-g001_134354.jpg	Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image	Time-lapse cinematography of ICSI and NT mouse embryos.A) Until 48 hours post activation (hpa), bright-field images were captured every 20 minutes. From 48 until 96 hpa, confocal optical sections of H2b-GFP expressing embryos were captured every 20 minutes. Time-lapse movies were evaluated to obtain the timing of cleavages. B) Cell division aberrancies such as failing cytokinesis (top panel; filled arrows) or cell fusions (bottom panel; empty arrows) were detected in both NT and ICSI embryos. Dotted lines indicate cell membranes. Scale bar, 20 µm.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1361788_F3_4492.jpg	Describe the following image in detail	Confocal images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, "mGluR1-GFP", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (26 cells), + Homer 1a (9), + Homer 1b (12), + Homer 1c (12), + Homer 2b (34), + Homer 3 (7).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2709425_f3_41449.jpg	Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation	Slit-lamp photographs of the eye of the proband. Slit lamp photographs of the eye of the proband (III:3). A: Front view of the eye of the proband, showing cataract phenotype. B: Slit lamp view of the len of the proband. Lens opacities were mainly located in the nuclear area of lenses as well as in the embryonal and fetal areas.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4171379_pone-0107164-g003_321768.jpg	Explain the various aspects of the image before you	The HOS responsiveness of the sperm, as indicated by tail coiling.HOS responsiveness of rat sperm as tail coiling: (A) Untreated control. (B) DGT-treated rat sperm (24.18 µM) examined under a phase contrast microscope (40×). Response of control (C) and DGT-treated (D) human sperm (58.03 µM) population following exposure to hypo-osmotic solution and evaluation under a phase contrast microscope. Over 90% of control-untreated sperm exhibited HOS response typically characterized by tail coiling, where as sperm exposed to DGT at MEC examined no response under a phase contrast microscope (40×). (E): For rat sperm, (F): For human sperm. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of five observations (P<0.05).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3320649_pone-0035244-g002_133029.jpg	Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner	Changes in cell morphology of hMSCs expressing Olig2-Hb9 after the induction.Bright-field images of uninduced EOH cells (A), EOH cells induced for 5 days (B), completely induced EOH cells (C), and induced EOH cells further cultured in growth medium for 2 days after complete induction (E). (D) A higher magnification of the corresponding box shown in (C). (F) GFP (green), Olig2 (blue) and Hb9 (red) were expressed in EOH cells. Scale bar: 100 µm.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1518.jpg	Is mixed mesodermal tumor present?	yes
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2822743_F2_56858.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	Eye phenotype of Dcp-1 over-expressing flies. (A and E) The eyes of wild-type flies. (B and F) The eyes of flies carrying one copy of Dcp-1 GF appeared small and rough with reduced pigmentation. (C and G) Flies carrying two copies of Dcp-1 GF have a dramatically stronger disrupted eye phenotype. Ommatidia and pigment spots are almost absent. (E, F, and G) Scanning electron micrographs of the eyes in panels A, B and C, respectively. (D and H) Dcp-1 GF phenotype was rescued by co-expression with p35 and thread.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2483262_F2_25816.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	Contrast enhanced CT scan (coronal view) showing an oval lobulated iso-dense mass measuring about 7.0 × 5.0 cm confined to the nasal vault and the ethmoids.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28119.jpg	what type of imaging modality is shown?	ct w/contrast (iv)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4360923_Fig2_367905.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	An example of extracting background from T1-weighted MRI. (a) the original T1 weight MRI, (b) the MRI with Rician noise, (c) the result of the median filtering, (d) the result of the morphological close operation, and (e) the result of the brain region.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3459250_fig3_157614.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Celiac angiography of MALS (a) shows severe stenosis (arrow) with poststenotic dilation of celiac axis. Celiac angiography (b) and aortography (c) after balloon angioplasty with stenting show acceptable residual stenosis at proximal celiac artery (arrowhead).
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45446.jpg	in what plane is this image taken?	sagittal
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3725414_fig0005_220854.jpg	Provide a detailed description of the given image	FMRI results (cross-sectional analysis). Red maps represent activations and blue maps represent deactivations. (A and B) controls, (C and D) other FLE patients and (E and F) TPM patients. The reduced area of deactivation in TPM-group (F) suggests a specific effect of this AED on DMN activity. (G) and (H) are correlational analysis, showing the activation in precuneus correlated positively with increasing TPM dosage. (I) Correlation of fMRI activation for verbal fluency and TPM dosages at peak voxel in precuneus.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1ezj08327ys77tv5.jpg	Is there text?	No
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27980.jpg	what is the primary abnormality in this image?	hiatal hernia
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3w3071u2e1ub3zb.jpg	How many findings are present?	1
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141339_Fig2_314881.jpg	Walk through the important details of the image	Axial FLAIR images of three different patients with hydrocephalus. In the first patient with chronic compensated hydrocephalus, lack of periventricular CSF resorption is seen (A). In the second patient, periventricular hyperintensity consistent with interstitial oedema due to acute decompansated hydrocephalus is demonstrated (arrow, B). Periventricular caps seen in middle aged adults should be differentiated from decompansated hydrocephalus (arrows, C)
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28426.jpg	what organ systems can be evaluated with this gastrointestinal image?	gastrointestinal
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3866234_pone-0084814-g001_252481.jpg	Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.	Map of the Third Millennium Interaction Sphere, the Geographic Extent of the Indus Civilization, and the location of the city of Harappa.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0756.jpg	What are the new virions assembled in?	cell nucleus
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4613203_ijms-16-20277-f002_434958.jpg	Provide a brief description of the given image.	The SEM images of hydrogels: (a) without PAMAM-NH2 (E1); (b) with PAMAM-NH2 G2 3 mg/g (EP3); (c) with PAMAM-NH2 G3 3 mg/g (EP7) (magnification 20,000×).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4559168_Fig3_420523.jpg	What is shown in this image?	CT scan of the right trochanter area and reconstruction in axial view. Avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter (red arrow) and majority of the lesser trochanter is intact (yellow arrow)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3141010_pone-0022153-g002_102855.jpg	Examine the image closely and share its details	Within-group maps of the right DLPFC-FC in MCI and healthy control groups.The voxels with hot color represent DLPFC positive functional connectivity, and the voxels with cold color represent DLPFC negative functional connectivity. The statistical threshold was set at P<0.01 and cluster size > = 405 mm3, which corresponded to a corrected P<0.05. Left is the left.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4464449_f4-mmr-12-02-2584_395816.jpg	Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail	(A) Examination of the fundus of Case 2. Vitelliruptive lesions with a scrambled egg-like appearance were observed, in addition to dispersion of the vitelliform material with signs of atrophy in the right eye. (B) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans demonstrated clear abnormalities, including the absence of the foveal pit, serous retinal detachment, cystoid macular edema and interruption of the outer limiting membrane. The right eye exhibited marked yellow-white subretinal scarring with pigmented borders, surrounded by serous retinal detachment. In addition, the left eye exhibited an atrophic lesion (magnification, ×50). OD, oculus dexter; OS, oculus sinister.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4603133_F2_432696.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of 4 days after operation.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4373835_pone.0122269.g003_371683.jpg	Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.	Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake and MR contrast agent enhancement.In all 3 patients, there is a marked overlap between 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake and MR contrast agent enhancement. Radiotracer accumulation is most pronounced in areas with intense contrast enhancement. Shown are axial views of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR as well as fused MR/PET images.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54565.jpg	in what plane is this image oriented?	axial
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30742.jpg	Describe the image concisely.	Preoperative MR T2-weighted image, demonstrating both the syrinx and the irregular disappearance of the subarachnoid space extending from the C7 to T7 levels.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3519674_F2_171847.jpg	Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative	After a single exposure to N-9, severe toxicity was observed in the cervix. Mice were exposed once to unformulated N-9 at a concentration of 1% for the indicated durations. H&E-stained tissue sections (shown at 40× magnification) were assessed for vaginal (A, C, E, G) and cervical (B, D, F, H) epithelial toxicity and scored. The tissue damage score (see also Table 1) is shown in the lower right corner of each panel.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01931.jpg	Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.	Anterior fusion of L5/S1 with intervertebral cage and bone graft.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1524989_F1_6332.jpg	Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.	a. Photomicrograph displays a hematoxylin/eosin section (of a section of the mammary epithelial tumor at 40×). b. This same section at 200×. c. The pan-cytokeratin stain (AE1/AE3) is strongly positive, confirming the epithelial nature of the tumor. Magnification is 200×.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4016208_pone-0097030-g002_287362.jpg	Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.	Electron micrographs of VP1 virus-like particles for MCPyV, PtvPyV1b, PtvPyV2c, TSPyV and OraPyV1.VP1 were produced using recombinant baculoviruses. The preparations were applied to carbon-coated grids, negatively stained with 1.5% uranyl acetate and observed at 50,000 nominal magnification with a JEOL 1011 electron microscope (Scale bars, 100 nm).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3098549_F0001_96404.jpg	Create a compact narrative representing the image presented	(a) Histopathological examination of punch biopsy specimen of cervical carcinoma, ×10 low power showing large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. (b) Histopathological examination of punch biopsy specimen of cervical carcinoma, ×40 high power showing large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3930056_F2_268246.jpg	Offer a thorough analysis of the image	Plain radiographs of the left lower leg and ankle. (A) Six weeks after the onset of skin lesions, substantial calcifications were visible in the posterior tibial artery and a network of small vessels in the retromalleolar region, near the skin lesions. (B) After 11 months, the vessel calcification in the retromalleolar region was almost completely resolved and calcification in the posterior tibial artery showed apparent regression. (C) After a subsequent 11 months of cinacalcet treatment, the posterior tibial artery demonstrated further calcification regression.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46676.jpg

What is shown in this image?

A metastatic lymph node with a lobulated border and heterogeneous echo pattern

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4573996_Fig1_424342.jpg

Summarize the visual content of the image.

Representative IHC images for MED15 expression from tissue of tumor-free testis (a), intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (IGCNU) (b) and seminoma (SEM) (c). 10× (upper panel) and 40× (lower panel) objective magnification

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2361144_fig2_21371.jpg

Create a compact narrative representing the image presented

Series of in vivo fluorescence images of a RIF-1 EGFP tumour growing in the leg of a C3H mouse. The images labeled MET 1 and 2 were captured at autopsy and show metastases in the liver.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47441.jpg

what is abnormal in the mri?

medulloblastoma (pnet)

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03100.jpg

Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.

Cannula course during fetal cardiac intervention for pulmonary valvuloplasty, entering the right ventricle at the infundibulum, in the longitudinal view, with the cannula course parallel to the RV outflow tract.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC2635622_f7-ijms-9-2278_33779.jpg

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Fluorescent and bright field images of enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in SK-BR-3 cells transfected with of PEI 25 kDa carrying pEGFP at N/P ratio of 10 in different FBS concentration medium (a1, in 10% FBS; a2, in 20% FBS; a3, in 50% FBS; a4, in 100% FBS), HP α-CD-PEI carrying EGFP plasmid at N/P ratio of 50 (c1, in 10% FBS; c2, in 20% FBS; c3, in 50% FBS; c4, in 100% FBS). Image of column a1 to a4 and c1 to c4 were in fluorescence, image of column b1 to b4 and d1 to d4 were in bright field.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2673.jpg

What is present ?

coronary artery anomalous origin left from pulmonary artery

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3892100_F1_258472.jpg

Examine the image closely and share its details

Scanning electron microscopy images of amphibole samples. Representative SEM images obtained at 2000x magnification of (A) LA2000, (B) LA2007, (C) RTI amosite and (D) UICC amosite illustrating the relative morphology and size distribution of the mineral particles. Images do not reflect equal masses of each sample. Scale bars are 10 μm.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC1502131_F3_6046.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Electron micrographs for A) VP40 VLPs, B) VP40+VP35 VLPs, C) VP40+VP35+NP VLPs, and D) VP40+NP+GP VLPs.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl7s3zf071ueloh0xir.jpg

What type of procedure is the image taken from?

Colonoscopy

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3792983_pone-0076831-g004_236464.jpg

Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative

Patient F1 (P1) MRI, age 3 years 1 month (A-D), and 4 years 2 months (E-H).There is increased CSF space around the cerebellum (arrows in A and E) associated with cerebellar cortical atrophy and gliosis, with widening of folia and increased signal in the residual cerebellar cortex (arrows in B and F). Axial T2-weighted (C and G) and axial diffusion (D and H) highlight iron deposition as reduction in signal intensity in the globus pallidi in only the later T2-weighted sequence (G), but in both diffusion sequences (D and H).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4480819_Fig1_399869.jpg

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A threshold applied to the TcMAA SPECT image (a) defines the MAA-positive volume (b), and to the 99mTc-sulphur colloid (SC) SPECT (c) defines the SC-positive volume (d). Coregistration of the two SPECT scans results in four compartments: f unirradiated functional liver (V FL-UN), MAA-negative, SC-positive (blue), g tumour (V T), MAA-positive SC-negative (red), h irradiated functional liver (V FL-IR), MAA-positive SC-positive (purple), and tumour necrosis (V NULL), MAA-negative SC-negative (black)

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3782638_Fig2_233441.jpg

Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.

Radiography of the PHO patient with hyperplastic synovium. a Normal X-ray; b both hands showed periostosis; c both legs showed periostitis in the proximal tibia; d pronounced periosteal reaction at the distal end of femur (arrow)

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3841825_F3_246370.jpg

Explain the various aspects of the image before you

Increased mitochondrial membrane interactions following exercise. A: representative TEM images of soleus SS mitochondria linked by electron-dense contact sites (EDCS). B: proportion of mitochondrial contacts exhibiting an enhanced electron density in SS and IMF mitochondria, from sedentary and running mice. C: pairwise (top) and continuous (bottom, arrow) mitochondria across a Z-line. D: proportion of continuous or interacting IMF mitochondria across Z-lines. E: neighboring mitochondria tethered by EDCS (arrowheads) and connected by a narrow (≈50 nm) tunnel of matrix space. n = 14–16 myofibers analyzed per group.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3903531_pone-0086363-g006_261695.jpg

Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner

Comparison of epidermides from the Tuyoq Grottoes and modern plants.1,3: Unearthed lower leaf epidermis of wheat (Triticum sp.) from Tuyoq Grottoes, 2,4: Lower leaf epidermis of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum), 5,7: Unearthed lower leaf epidermis of Agropyron mongolicum from Tuyoq Grottoes, 6,8: Lower leaf epidermis of modern Agropyron mongolicum; Scale bar in1,2,5,6 = 30 µm; in 3,4,7,8 = 20 µm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3610082_F4_195261.jpg

Characterize the image using a well-detailed description

Localization of chloroplast envelope proteins with C-terminal GFP or YFP tags that were transiently expressed in Nicotiana tabacum. The first column shows chlorophyll autofluorescence, the second column GFP or YFP fluorescence, column three shows the overlay. Protein names (as used in Table 1) are indicated on the right of each row.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4623537_F0001_437913.jpg

Provide a brief description of the given image.

Preoperative X-rays (a and b) and CT scan (c) showing volar dislocation of the lunate bone.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_xray-arms/train_0346.jpg

Do characteristic features include diffuse osteopenia, marked loss of the joint spaces of the carpal, metacarpal, phalangeal, and interphalangeal joints, periarticular bony erosions, and ulnar drift of the fingers?

yes

splits/subfolder_5/PMC3706314_pone-0068749-g001_216677.jpg

Render a clear and concise summary of the photo.

Symptoms on C. metuliferus susceptible line Acc. 2459 inoculated with PRSV.(A) C. metuliferus showing severe stunting, leaf distortion, and narrow leaf blades at 30 dpi. (B) Plants showed severe mosaic symptom and malformation in systemic leaves after 10 dpi.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2245.jpg

Where is this from?

gastrointestinal system

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2743804_f3_45984.jpg

Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail

AAV2/5-GFP transduction includes a few horizontal cells and Müller glia. A: The panel shows native GFP fluorescence (scAAV2/5-GFP-injected retina), calbindin and calretinin immunohistochemistry and a merge of all three. The arrow indicates a horizontal cell that is expressing GFP. B: The image on the left shows endogenous GFP expression; some inner retinal cells are expressing GFP (ssAAV2/5-GFP-injected retina). The image on the right shows immunohistochemistry using an anti-GFP antibody. The arrows indicate Müller cells that are expressing GFP. Scale bar equals 50 µm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC4332747_Fig4_359939.jpg

Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.

Postoperative radiographs. The postoperative anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs revealed that the dislodged bone cement had been removed. Good correction of spinal alignment was achieved by fibular allograft implantation and posterior pedicle screw fixation.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC3938758_pone-0090433-g009_270774.jpg

Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see

MANF expression in the olfactory bulb. A: Rat pups were sacrificed at the indicated postnatal days. MANF expression in the olfactory bulb was determined by IHC. 1, Glomerular layer (GLL); 2, External plexiform layer (EPL); 3, Mitral cell layer (MCL); 4, Internal plexiform layer (IPL); 5, Granule cell layer (GL). Scale bar = 100 µm. B: Images of higher magnification showed the MCL. Scale bar = 25 µm. C: Double-labeling immunofluorescent staining was performed to determine the identity of cells expressing MANF. The images showed the expression of MANF (green), NeuN (red), GFAP (red) and DAPI (blue) in the MCL of PD15 rat pups. Scale bar = 25 µm.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4625431_Fig3_438631.jpg

Create a compact narrative representing the image presented

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B scan ultrasonography of both eyes. Choroidal thickening with effusion (white arrow) were found in both eyes. Using OCT, serous retinal detachment (yellow arrow) was found in both eyes

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2253716_fig02_18130.jpg

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Immunohistochemical analysis of SBEM expression in the small panel of 10 human breast cancers. Immunohistochemistry was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Patient/sample identification is indicated on top left of each picture, and the corresponding H-score for IHC is presented on the bottom right corner. H-scores were derived from semiquantitative assessment of both staining intensity (scale 0–3) and the percentage of positive cells (0–100%) and, when multiplied, generate a score ranging from 0 to 300. Bar = 50 μm.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43120.jpg

What is shown in this image?

3-d showing skull vault defect and midface hypoplasia

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3398889_pone-0041105-g007_145445.jpg

Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image

Differentiation potential of AMMs.(A) Representative photographs of cytokeratin-expressing ADMs and AMMs in vivo. Tissue sections from wound area 2 weeks after cell injection were stained with cytokeratin antibody (green). Confocal microscopy analysis showed that cytokeratin (green)-expressing AMMs (red) exist in the epidermis and dermis. Arrows indicate cytokeratin and Dil double-positive cells. (B) Quantification of cytokeratin (green)-positive transplanted (red) ADMs and AMMs. Arrows indicate cytokeratin positive Dil-labeled transplanted cells. ** p<0.01, n = 7.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC2722057_f1-co16-4-74_43000.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Computed tomography scan of abdomen, showing a hypodense nodule in the right lobe of the liver.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4238334_F2_338021.jpg

Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.

MRI revealed a horse shoe soft tissue mass encasing the distal ulna

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3489670_pone-0048388-g003_163970.jpg

Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner

Multimodal imaging of histological sections from the same diabetic rat cornea.(a–c) Frontal and (d–f) transverse histological sections of the cornea observed (a, d) by transmitted light microcopy, (b, c and e) by TEM, where insets show long-spacing collagen, and (f) by SHG microscopy. St: stroma, DM: Descemet’s membrane. White arrows indicate collagen abnormal deposits in the DM.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC4232228_F1_336212.jpg

Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see

Two-dimensional echocardiograms. (A) Apical four-chamber view of the left ventricle (LV) in telediastole with mid-apical hypertrophy (arrow). (B) Longitudinal, long axis view of the LV shows hypertrophy confined to the mid-apical and apical segments of the ventricular septum (arrow). (C) Apical five-chamber of the LV shows the intraventricular gradient (arrow). Ao, Aorta; LA, Left atrium; RA, Right atrium; RV, Right ventricle.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC2931481_F2_72487.jpg

What is shown in this image?

Parenchymal alterations. Control animals with normal kidney architecture and regular glomeruli (HE stain, magnification × 25). In contrast, kidneys of apoE-/- /LDL-/- double knockout mice demonstrate lipoprotein glomerulopathy (B, red arrows) and perivascular clusters of inflammatory cells (B, black arrows, magnification × 25).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3212826_F6_115033.jpg

Explain the various aspects of the image before you

Lycorine reduced the virus distribution and the pathological damages. The infected mice were treated with placebo or lycorine at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. The muscle tissues were sampled at 1 dpi, 3 dpi, 5 dpi and 9 dpi for pathological analysis. A, the virus distribution was detected by immunohistological staining. B, the pathological changes were observed after H&E staining. The red arrows indicated virions in tissues, the green arrows for moderate inflammation and the blue for necrotising myositis. Magnification: 100×.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01216.jpg

Offer a thorough analysis of the image

MRI shows asymmetrical soft tissue mass with a stringy appearance surrounding the thoracic vertebral bodies. On November 15, 2009, an MRI was performed. The upper arrow indicated soft tissue masses with a stringy appearance surrounding the thoracic vertebral bodies, and the lower arrow suggested a soft tissue mass in the left kidney.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607987_F0001_433984.jpg

Describe the image concisely.

(A,B,C): TDM cérébrale en contraste spontané, en coupes axiale, coronale et sagittale, montrant: une formation de densité graisseuse de la ligne médiane, occupant la partie postérieure du corps calleux et s'allonge au corps, mesurant 16mm d’épaisseur, et s’étend au ventricule latéral gauche. Il s'y associe une dysgénésie du corps calleux

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3893446_F4_258961.jpg

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Immunohistochemical observations of CCR2 protein in spinal cord ventral horns from G1H+/− mice sacrified at onset stage (12 w). Localization of CCR2 immunoreactivity is verified by comparison with that of immunoreactivities for NeuN-immunoreactive (b) neurons, GFAP-immunoreactive (e, h) astrocytes, and Iba1-immunoreactive (k) and CD11b-immunoreactive (n) microglia. CCR2 immunoreactivity is detected with the two different antibodies sc-6228 (a, d, j, m) and PA1-27409 (g), respectively. Panels (c, f, i, l, o) indicate merged images in two other panels of each line. Immunoreactive signals are detected by the double-labeled immunofluorescence method using secondary antibodies conjugated with Cy3 (red) or FITC (green). Scale bar indicates 50 μm (a-o).

splits/sfolder_1/PMC3870863_fig7_253635.jpg

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((a)–(d)) TUNEL immunohistochemical staining in the spinal cord anterior horn at the same magnification of 200 times. TUNEL-positive neurons were observed in SI/R group (b) and SI/R + SY group (c), but in the control group they were almost not detected (a). (d) The apoptotic index (TUNEL-positive to total neuron ratio) of anterior horn neurons, and ∗ indicates comparison with the two other groups, P < 0.05.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwysdogw086ub7ao6ii5.jpg

Where in the image is the instrument?

Upper-left, Lower-left, Center-left

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3671804_f2-etm-05-05-1385_208898.jpg

Provide a brief description of the given image.

Pathological findings of renal biopsy. (A and B) under a light microscope (magnification ×400); (C) immunofluorescence. (B) Mesangial cell proliferation and crescent formation were visible, and (C) there were numerous IgA depositions on the mesentery and capillary walls.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2803931_F1_54286.jpg

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(a) Intraoral view showing defect in the mesial wall of the third molar associated with bony defect distal to the second molar and local erythema. (b) Preoperative radiographic image showing mesially impacted third molar in contact with the distal surface of the second molar causing radiolucency at the contact point (dental decay). There is also slight periradicular radiolucency (inflammation) and dilation or thickening of the lamina dura.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3460857_pone-0046357-g008_158016.jpg

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Wg protein secretion in lqfR- clones.Shown are confocal microscope images of two third instar larval wing discs immunostained with Wg antibodies (purple). Wingless is expressed and secreted by a stripe of cells at the dorsal/ventral boundary. Homozygous mutant clones are marked by the absence of GFP (green). (A,A′) A wing disc with vps35E42 homozygous clones, outlined in white in A′. The genotype is hs-flp; FRT42D vps35E42/FRT42D ubi-gfp. (B,B′) A wing disc with lqfRΔ117 mutant clones, outlined in white in B′. The genotype is hs-flp; FRT82B lqfRΔ117/FRT82B ubi-gfp. scale bar: ∼10 µm.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3236301_F4_118972.jpg

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Expression of pAT5G01860:n1GFP during megagametogenesis. Expression at developmental stage FG1 (A), FG2 (B), FG4 (C), FG5 (D), and FG6 (E) of the developing female gametophyte [63]. Each panel contains an epifluorescence image (top) and an overlay (bottom) of the epifluorescence and a bright-field image of the same ovule. acn, antipodal cell nuclei; ccn, central cell nucleus; ecn, egg cell nucleus; fgn, female gametophyte nuclei; pn, polar nuclei; scn, synergid cell nucleus. Scale bars: 50 μm.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3vb071u5qsbatev.jpg

Is this finding easy to detect?

Yes

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxur8zno074y200b0bfa.jpg

How many polyps are in the image?

0

splits/sfolder_1/PMC4627488_F5_439159.jpg

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Cyanobacterium thylakoid membranes are drastically affected by UV radiation. While the cytoplasm of control (A), untreated Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii shows a high amount of thylakoid membranes, these structures were greatly reduced after exposure to UV radiation (B). Membranes are highlighted in red in (Ai) and (Bi). In (C), quantitative analyses show a significant reduction of thylakoid areas induced by all UV treatments. Letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05). Cells were fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and prepared for TEM. A total of 64 electron micrographs were evaluated and thylakoid areas measured using software Image J 1.41.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2263047_F7_18569.jpg

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Identification of PNNs with antibody against the ADAMTS-derived fragment of brevican. Mouse PNNs immunoreactive for the ADAMTS-derived fragment of brevican distinguished with anti-EAMESE (green) (A) were broadly distributed in cerebral cortex, but were especially prominent deep in cortical layer IV, which differs from the distinct pattern of WFA staining of PNNs (B). The most intense region of WFA reactivity appears in cortical layer III of primary somatosensory cortex (B-C). Scattered WFA positive PNNs are also found in layer V. Images A-C were captured at 100× magnification. Scale bar represents 100 μm.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3387246_pone-0039641-g004_143555.jpg

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Oatp4c1 localization in paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded rat kidney tissue sections.Paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney sections were stained with antibodies as indicated. Following staining with PA1343 antibody, color development with NovaRed signifies Oatp4c1 staining (A). Sections were double-stained with PA1343 (B, C, red) and the proximal tubule marker AQP1 (B, green) or the distal tubule marker calbindin (C, green). Nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI (Magnification: 4× (A), 10× (B, C)).

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21794.jpg

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Infrared image of crystal shown in figure 17.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3427318_pone-0042968-g007_151726.jpg

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Scanning electron microscope analysis of a cross-section of dorsal plates from wild-type and mln strains.A and B represent adult dorsal plates of mln and wild-type silkmoths, respectively. Scale bar: 5 mm. a and c are cross sections of the adult dorsal plate of mln. The arrow indicates stratification. b and d represents cross-sections of the adult dorsal plate of Dazao. Magnification was described as X.

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3917527_F1_265371.jpg

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Brain magnetic resonance images before (A-C) and after (D-F) treatment. (A) T2-weighted FLAIR imaging demonstrates bilateral, diffuse hyperintense lesions in the white matter with sparing of the cortical U fibers. T1-weighted images following intravenous gadolinium administration in the (B) axial and (C) coronal planes show bilateral, symmetrical, linear contrast enhancement in a radial distribution throughout the white matter of the cortex and brainstem (arrows). (D) Following treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide, T2-weighted FLAIR imaging demonstrates a dramatic improvement of the hyperintense abnormalities and almost complete resolution of gadolinium enhancement on the T1-weighted images in the (E) axial and (F) coronal planes.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4223022_pone-0112187-g002_333761.jpg

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A glioma tumor shown on CT, MRI, and PET images with various tP and tM altering in the range of 0 to 1 for patient 1.(a) tP = 0, tM = 0; (b) tP = 0, tM = 1;(c) tP = 1, tM = 0; (d) tP = 0, tM = 0.5; (e) tP = 0.5, tM = 1;(f) tP = 0.5, tM = 0; (g) tP = 0.3, tM = 0.3; (h) tP = 0.5, tM = 0.5; (i) tP = 0.7, tM = 0.7.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3907062_F5_262733.jpg

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Dynamic translocation of STIM1 into neuronal filopodia in response to store-depletion. Representative time-lapse fluorescent images of growth cone expressing YFP-XSTIM1 before (1 mM Ca2+) and after store Ca2+ depletion (0 mM Ca2+/CPA). mCherry was co-expressed to mark filopodia and growth cone. Images were pseudocolored to enhance the observation of intensity changes. The arrows indicate newly translocated XSTIM1 proteins into neuronal filopodia. Scale bars: 10 μm.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds4aj071u7k0ec1xd.jpg

Are there any abnormalities in the image?

Ulcerative colitis

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1378.jpg

Does this image show lung abscess?

yes

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3997676_f2-ol-07-05-1515_283668.jpg

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Antero-posterior and lateral view of the radiograph revealing the destruction of the spinous process of C4 and C5 (black arrow), and a soft tissue mass with calcification (pentagram). The front of the vertebral body had been infiltrated by the tumor (white arrow).

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2052.jpg

What is present?

malignant thymoma

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4049383_F6_295582.jpg

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Combined targeting of TGF-β and integrin β3 attenuates lymph node metastasis of H157 NSCLC cells in the lungs of immunodeficient mice. (A) Percentage of affected lymph nodes (axillary and brachial) in the different experimental groups analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed by means of Mann–Whitney U- test. Significant values are depicted with double asterisks and correspond to p values of 0.009 for both comparisons (B) Representative microphotograph of GFP tumor detection in the histological samples obtained from lungs (upper row) and lymph nodes (lower row). (C) Immunohistochemical detection of integrin β3 in tumors obtained from mice.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3688993_pone-0067329-g001_212873.jpg

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Structural between group differences.(A) The top row shows clusters of decreased FA values in high functioning autism (HFA) participants compared to healthy controls (HC) (pcorr≤0.01). (B) The bottom row shows clusters of decreased gray matter volume in HFA compared to HC (puncorr≤0.001). Clusters d-h are not displayed in the Figure but shown in Table 2. Indices A–E and a–c correspond to cluster indices in Table 2. Brains are displayed in radiologic convention (the right side of the brain Figure corresponds to the left hemisphere and vice versa).

splits/sfolder_3/PMC4097124_F3_306000.jpg

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Group level activation maps for finger tapping of the unimpaired hand during the BCI therapy phase of the experiment. Panels demonstrate activation assessed (A) pre-therapy, (B) mid-therapy, (C) upon completion of therapy, and (D) 1 month after the cessation of all therapy, and show the development of a lateralized, focal pattern of activation with the administration of therapy. Maps are displayed according to radiological conventions, such that the right side of the image corresponds to the left hemisphere of the brain.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4269976_Fig1_345429.jpg

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Scanning (A) and transmission (negative staining, B) electron micrographs of M. hydrocarbonoclasticus NY-4.

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2882321_pone-0010975-g005_65724.jpg

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ICP0+GFP-105 disperses linear cytoplasmic structures in a RING-finger-dependent manner.Vero cells were inoculated with 5 pfu per cell of (A) HSV-1 0+GFP105 or (B) HSV-1 0ΔRING in the presence of 200 µM cycloheximide from −0.5 to 10 hours p.i., and were released into medium containing no drugs. Between 4.0 and 4.5 hours post-release, time-lapse photographs were collected of the ICP0+GFP-105 or ICP0ΔRING proteins that encircled the nucleus of HSV-1 infected cells. The scale bar denotes a distance of 10 µm.

splits/sfolder_1/PMC4021901_f2-membranes-01-00184_288893.jpg

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(a) Electroswelling of lipids on a PET mesh #145. The image was taken 3 min after application of sinusoidal ac voltage (5.0 Vpp, 2 Hz); (b) GVs seen in an opening filled with swelled lipids at 90 min; (c) GVs formed on the threads at 80 min; (d) A large GV observed at 100 min. Bar = 50 μm.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3878674_F1_255880.jpg

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Immunohistochemical staining of PRL-3 expression in gastric cancer. A. Negative control; B. PRL-3 mild expression in gastric carcinoma (x200); C. PRL-3 moderate expression in gastric carcinoma (x200); D. Cellular location of PRL-3 expression, mainly localized in the cytomembrane with some granulated loci in cytoplasm (x400, magnification of D.); E. Intense expression of PRL-3 in the primary gastric carcinoma (x200); F. PRL-3 expression in matched liver metastasis developed 2 years after surgery (x200, E and F are from the same patient).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2862721_pone-0010451-g001_63351.jpg

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Immunolocalization of SmAQP in adult parasites.A. Cross section through a male/female couple showing strong staining with anti-SmAQP antibodies in the tegument. B. Higher magnification image of the peripheral tissue of an adult male showing diminished staining in the tegumental tubercles (arrowheads). C. Electron micrograph of the adult tegument showing immunogold labeling of SmAQP. Arrows indicate gold particles at the host/parasite interface. Numbers above scale bars represent microns.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3325183_pgen-1002626-g001_133760.jpg

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Stimulation of gliding motility depends on TraA.(A) Indicated motility phenotypes shown for reference. To easily observe stimulation the donor strain (DK6204) was nonmotile (A−S−), i.e. produces sharp colony edges, and nonstimulatable, while the (B) cgl and tgl recipients were phenotypically A−S− but stimulatable. (C) Indicated mutants mixed 1∶1 with the donor exhibiting various degrees of A- or S-motility stimulation. (D) Same as C, except strains mixed with isogenic traA::km donor. (E) Same as C, except isogenic recipient strains contain the traA::km mutation. Cells were incubated for 22 hrs at 33°C and observed with 10× objective. Table S2 lists strain genotypes.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyedo3c086ucodk7jed.jpg

Is this finding easy to detect?

Yes

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3329427_pone-0035322-g001_134354.jpg

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Time-lapse cinematography of ICSI and NT mouse embryos.A) Until 48 hours post activation (hpa), bright-field images were captured every 20 minutes. From 48 until 96 hpa, confocal optical sections of H2b-GFP expressing embryos were captured every 20 minutes. Time-lapse movies were evaluated to obtain the timing of cleavages. B) Cell division aberrancies such as failing cytokinesis (top panel; filled arrows) or cell fusions (bottom panel; empty arrows) were detected in both NT and ICSI embryos. Dotted lines indicate cell membranes. Scale bar, 20 µm.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC1361788_F3_4492.jpg

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Confocal images of mGluR1-GFP fluorescence in SCG neurons expressing the receptor alone, "mGluR1-GFP", or with co-expression of the indicated Homer protein. Two representative neurons from each group are shown. The total number of neurons examined for each group were: mGluR1-GFP (26 cells), + Homer 1a (9), + Homer 1b (12), + Homer 1c (12), + Homer 2b (34), + Homer 3 (7).

splits/subfolder_3/PMC2709425_f3_41449.jpg

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Slit-lamp photographs of the eye of the proband. Slit lamp photographs of the eye of the proband (III:3). A: Front view of the eye of the proband, showing cataract phenotype. B: Slit lamp view of the len of the proband. Lens opacities were mainly located in the nuclear area of lenses as well as in the embryonal and fetal areas.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4171379_pone-0107164-g003_321768.jpg

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The HOS responsiveness of the sperm, as indicated by tail coiling.HOS responsiveness of rat sperm as tail coiling: (A) Untreated control. (B) DGT-treated rat sperm (24.18 µM) examined under a phase contrast microscope (40×). Response of control (C) and DGT-treated (D) human sperm (58.03 µM) population following exposure to hypo-osmotic solution and evaluation under a phase contrast microscope. Over 90% of control-untreated sperm exhibited HOS response typically characterized by tail coiling, where as sperm exposed to DGT at MEC examined no response under a phase contrast microscope (40×). (E): For rat sperm, (F): For human sperm. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of five observations (P<0.05).

splits/sfolder_2/PMC3320649_pone-0035244-g002_133029.jpg

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Changes in cell morphology of hMSCs expressing Olig2-Hb9 after the induction.Bright-field images of uninduced EOH cells (A), EOH cells induced for 5 days (B), completely induced EOH cells (C), and induced EOH cells further cultured in growth medium for 2 days after complete induction (E). (D) A higher magnification of the corresponding box shown in (C). (F) GFP (green), Olig2 (blue) and Hb9 (red) were expressed in EOH cells. Scale bar: 100 µm.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1518.jpg

Is mixed mesodermal tumor present?

yes

splits/sfolder_2/PMC2822743_F2_56858.jpg

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Eye phenotype of Dcp-1 over-expressing flies. (A and E) The eyes of wild-type flies. (B and F) The eyes of flies carrying one copy of Dcp-1 GF appeared small and rough with reduced pigmentation. (C and G) Flies carrying two copies of Dcp-1 GF have a dramatically stronger disrupted eye phenotype. Ommatidia and pigment spots are almost absent. (E, F, and G) Scanning electron micrographs of the eyes in panels A, B and C, respectively. (D and H) Dcp-1 GF phenotype was rescued by co-expression with p35 and thread.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC2483262_F2_25816.jpg

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Contrast enhanced CT scan (coronal view) showing an oval lobulated iso-dense mass measuring about 7.0 × 5.0 cm confined to the nasal vault and the ethmoids.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28119.jpg

what type of imaging modality is shown?

ct w/contrast (iv)

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4360923_Fig2_367905.jpg

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An example of extracting background from T1-weighted MRI. (a) the original T1 weight MRI, (b) the MRI with Rician noise, (c) the result of the median filtering, (d) the result of the morphological close operation, and (e) the result of the brain region.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC3459250_fig3_157614.jpg

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Celiac angiography of MALS (a) shows severe stenosis (arrow) with poststenotic dilation of celiac axis. Celiac angiography (b) and aortography (c) after balloon angioplasty with stenting show acceptable residual stenosis at proximal celiac artery (arrowhead).

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45446.jpg

in what plane is this image taken?

sagittal

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3725414_fig0005_220854.jpg

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FMRI results (cross-sectional analysis). Red maps represent activations and blue maps represent deactivations. (A and B) controls, (C and D) other FLE patients and (E and F) TPM patients. The reduced area of deactivation in TPM-group (F) suggests a specific effect of this AED on DMN activity. (G) and (H) are correlational analysis, showing the activation in precuneus correlated positively with increasing TPM dosage. (I) Correlation of fMRI activation for verbal fluency and TPM dosages at peak voxel in precuneus.

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1ezj08327ys77tv5.jpg

Is there text?

No

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27980.jpg

what is the primary abnormality in this image?

hiatal hernia

ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3w3071u2e1ub3zb.jpg

How many findings are present?

1

splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141339_Fig2_314881.jpg

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Axial FLAIR images of three different patients with hydrocephalus. In the first patient with chronic compensated hydrocephalus, lack of periventricular CSF resorption is seen (A). In the second patient, periventricular hyperintensity consistent with interstitial oedema due to acute decompansated hydrocephalus is demonstrated (arrow, B). Periventricular caps seen in middle aged adults should be differentiated from decompansated hydrocephalus (arrows, C)

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28426.jpg

what organ systems can be evaluated with this gastrointestinal image?

gastrointestinal

splits/subfolder_3/PMC3866234_pone-0084814-g001_252481.jpg

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Map of the Third Millennium Interaction Sphere, the Geographic Extent of the Indus Civilization, and the location of the city of Harappa.

data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0756.jpg

What are the new virions assembled in?

cell nucleus

splits/sfolder_1/PMC4613203_ijms-16-20277-f002_434958.jpg

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The SEM images of hydrogels: (a) without PAMAM-NH2 (E1); (b) with PAMAM-NH2 G2 3 mg/g (EP3); (c) with PAMAM-NH2 G3 3 mg/g (EP7) (magnification 20,000×).

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4559168_Fig3_420523.jpg

What is shown in this image?

CT scan of the right trochanter area and reconstruction in axial view. Avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter (red arrow) and majority of the lesser trochanter is intact (yellow arrow)

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3141010_pone-0022153-g002_102855.jpg

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Within-group maps of the right DLPFC-FC in MCI and healthy control groups.The voxels with hot color represent DLPFC positive functional connectivity, and the voxels with cold color represent DLPFC negative functional connectivity. The statistical threshold was set at P<0.01 and cluster size > = 405 mm3, which corresponded to a corrected P<0.05. Left is the left.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4464449_f4-mmr-12-02-2584_395816.jpg

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(A) Examination of the fundus of Case 2. Vitelliruptive lesions with a scrambled egg-like appearance were observed, in addition to dispersion of the vitelliform material with signs of atrophy in the right eye. (B) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans demonstrated clear abnormalities, including the absence of the foveal pit, serous retinal detachment, cystoid macular edema and interruption of the outer limiting membrane. The right eye exhibited marked yellow-white subretinal scarring with pigmented borders, surrounded by serous retinal detachment. In addition, the left eye exhibited an atrophic lesion (magnification, ×50). OD, oculus dexter; OS, oculus sinister.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4603133_F2_432696.jpg

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Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of 4 days after operation.

splits/subfolder_5/PMC4373835_pone.0122269.g003_371683.jpg

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Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake and MR contrast agent enhancement.In all 3 patients, there is a marked overlap between 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake and MR contrast agent enhancement. Radiotracer accumulation is most pronounced in areas with intense contrast enhancement. Shown are axial views of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR as well as fused MR/PET images.

ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54565.jpg

in what plane is this image oriented?

axial

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30742.jpg

Describe the image concisely.

Preoperative MR T2-weighted image, demonstrating both the syrinx and the irregular disappearance of the subarachnoid space extending from the C7 to T7 levels.

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3519674_F2_171847.jpg

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After a single exposure to N-9, severe toxicity was observed in the cervix. Mice were exposed once to unformulated N-9 at a concentration of 1% for the indicated durations. H&E-stained tissue sections (shown at 40× magnification) were assessed for vaginal (A, C, E, G) and cervical (B, D, F, H) epithelial toxicity and scored. The tissue damage score (see also Table 1) is shown in the lower right corner of each panel.

roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01931.jpg

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Anterior fusion of L5/S1 with intervertebral cage and bone graft.

splits/sfolder_3/PMC1524989_F1_6332.jpg

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a. Photomicrograph displays a hematoxylin/eosin section (of a section of the mammary epithelial tumor at 40×). b. This same section at 200×. c. The pan-cytokeratin stain (AE1/AE3) is strongly positive, confirming the epithelial nature of the tumor. Magnification is 200×.

splits/subfolder_2/PMC4016208_pone-0097030-g002_287362.jpg

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Electron micrographs of VP1 virus-like particles for MCPyV, PtvPyV1b, PtvPyV2c, TSPyV and OraPyV1.VP1 were produced using recombinant baculoviruses. The preparations were applied to carbon-coated grids, negatively stained with 1.5% uranyl acetate and observed at 50,000 nominal magnification with a JEOL 1011 electron microscope (Scale bars, 100 nm).

splits/subfolder_4/PMC3098549_F0001_96404.jpg

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(a) Histopathological examination of punch biopsy specimen of cervical carcinoma, ×10 low power showing large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. (b) Histopathological examination of punch biopsy specimen of cervical carcinoma, ×40 high power showing large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

splits/subfolder_2/PMC3930056_F2_268246.jpg

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Plain radiographs of the left lower leg and ankle. (A) Six weeks after the onset of skin lesions, substantial calcifications were visible in the posterior tibial artery and a network of small vessels in the retromalleolar region, near the skin lesions. (B) After 11 months, the vessel calcification in the retromalleolar region was almost completely resolved and calcification in the posterior tibial artery showed apparent regression. (C) After a subsequent 11 months of cinacalcet treatment, the posterior tibial artery demonstrated further calcification regression.